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INDEX
Introduction
Logic Gates
Basic Logic gates and their Truth Tables
Circuit Diagrams

Experiment
Aim

10

Apparatus

10

Theory

11

Procedure

16

Circuits Prepared

22

Observations

24

Result

26

Bibliography

27

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INTRODUCTION
Logic Gates:
A gate is a digital circuit that follows curtain logical relationship between the input and output
voltages. Therefore, they are generally known as logic gates gates because they control the
flow of information.
The five common logic gates used are NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR. Each logic gate is indicated by a
symbol and its function is defined by a truth table that shows all the possible input logic level
combinations with their respective output logic levels.
Truth tables help understand the behavior of logic gates.

(i) NOT gate (Inverter)

This is the most basic gate, with one input and one output. Produces a 1 output if the input is 0
and vice-versa. That is, it produces an inverted version of the input at its output.

(ii) OR Gate

Y=A

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An OR gate has two or more inputs with one output. The output Y is 1 when either input A or input B
or both are 1s, that is, if any of the input is high, the output is high.

Y=A OR B(A+B)

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
1
1
1

(iii) AND Gate

An AND gate has two or more inputs and one output. The output Y of AND gate is 1 ,only when input
A and input B are both 1. It kind of looks for the minimum of the two signals.

Y=A AND B(A.B)

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
0
0
1

Some Basic Logic Gates and Their Truth Tables

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Circuit diagrams
AND GATE

OR GATE

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NOT GATE

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Experiment
AIM
To design and simulate basic AND logic gate and to design an
appropriate logic gate combination for a given truth table.

APPARATUS

A Breadboard
Two N4007 diodes
One LED
A 9v battery with a connector
Two 100, three 560 resistors
Connecting wires

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THEORY
AND Gate
A

A.B

The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives high output only if all inputs
are high

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE
Design of AND gate.

DESIGN OF AND GATE

COMPONENTS: Two p-n junction diode, A LED, A 100 resistors

CONSTRUCTION: An AND gate can be realized by connecting the diodes as

shown in the figure. A resistance of 100 is connected in series with

the LED to prevent its malfunction.

PROJECT BOARD CIRCUIT:

GROUND

HIGH

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Circuits Prepared:

AND gate

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OBSERVATIONS
Stimulation of AND gate
The following conclusions can be easily drawn from the working of electrical circuit:
a) If both switches are open (A=0, B=0) then LED will not glow, hence Y=0.
b) If Switch one switch is open and the other is closed (A=1, B=0 or
A=0, B=1) then LED will not glow, hence Y=0.
c) If switch A & B both closed (A=1, B=1) then LED will glow,
Hence Y=1.

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Result
Logic AND gate was designed and simulated and logic
circuit was prepared for the given truth table

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BIBLIOGRAPHY: Wikipedia
Electronic devices and circuits by J B Gupta
Conceptual physics by G C Agarwal
Encarta