IIT POINT JODHPUR

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CBSE BOARD EXAMINATION 2013

SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY
SOLUTION
Q1.

What is especially observed when a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution?

Sol:

If a strong converging beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution placed in dark room, the path of beam
gets illuminaled and becomes visible due to scattering of light this phenomenon is known as Tyndall effect.

Q2.

What is the basicity of H3PO3 and why?

Sol:

The basicity of H3PO3 is 2 as there are two replacable / acidic Hydrogens and third H is directly attached to P
hence not acidic in nature.

O
H

O
||
P
|
O
|
H

non acidic

acidic

Q3.

Write the IUPAC name of the following compound:

Cl

CH3
Cl

Sol:
Cl
4
3
1, 4-Dichloro-2-methyl benzene

2
1

CH3

Cl

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Q4.

Name the method used for refining of copper metal.

Sol:

Electrolytic Refining.

Q5.

What are the products of hydrolysis of lactose?

Sol:

Lactose is C12H22O11 a disaccharide with a glucose and a galactose unit present in pyranose form so on
hydrolyzing it we will obtain glucose and galactose.

Q6.

Is ( CH 2 CH
) n a homopolymer or a copolymer?

Sol:

It is a hompolymer.
CH = CH2

CH CH2

n
Styrene

Q7.

Polystyrene

Rearrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their boiling points:
CH3 CHO, CH3 CH2 OH, CH3 CH2 CH3

Sol:

CH3CHO, CH3CH2 OH, CH3 CH2 CH3

CH3 CH2 OH > CH3 CHO > CH3 CH2 CH3

Q8.

Write the structure of prop-2-en-1-amine.

Sol:

H2C = CH CH2 NH2

Q9.

Explain the mechanism of the following reaction:

H+

CH3 CH2 OH CH2 = CH2 + H2O

443 K

Sol:

CH3 CH2 OH CH2 = CH2 + H2O

443 K

It is E1 mechanism

Step 1:

CH3 CH2 OH + H+
CH3 CH2 O H 2

Step 2:

CH3 CH2 O H 2
CH3 CH2 + H2O

Step 3:

H
|

C H2 C H2
CH 2 = CH 2 + H

Q10.

How are interhalogen compounds formed? What general compositions can be assigned to them?

Sol:

All interhalogen compounds are prepared either by direct combination between the halogens by the action of
halogen on a lower inter halogen. The product formed, however depends upon the conditions.
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473 K

Cl2(g) + F2(g) 2Cl F(g)

573 K

Cl2(g) + 3F2(g) 2ClF3(g)

475 575 K

ClF(g) + F2(g) ClF3(g)

Q11.

Sol:

Br2(l) + 5F2(g)
2BrF5(l)

I2(g) + 7F2 (g)

2IF7(g)

Write the equations involved in the following reactions:

(i)

Reimer Tiemann reaction

(ii)

Williamsons ether synthesis.

Riemer Tiemann reaction

It is a reaction between phenol and chloroform in presence of base NaOH
OH

OH
CHO
+ CHCl3

OH

Salicyldehyde

Williamsons Ether synthesis

Na

R OH + R X R O R + NaX

Q12.

Sol:

Draw the structures of the following molecules:

(i)

N2O5

(ii)

XeF2

N2O5
O

NON

Q13.

Sol:

O
O

XeF2

F Xe F

(a)

What change occurs when AgCl is doped with CdCl2?

(b)

What type of semiconductor is produced when silicon is doped with boron?

When AgCl is doped with CdCl2 a cation vacancy defect is created

Original

On doping

Ag

Cl

Ag+

Cl

Ag

Cl

Ag+

Cl

Ag+

Cl

Ag+

Cl

Ag

Cl

Ag

Cl

Cd2+

Cl

Ag+

Cl

Cl

Ag+

Cl

Cation vacancy
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Q14.

Aluminium crystallizes in an fcc structure. Atomic radius of the metal is 125 pm. What is the length of
the side of the unit cell of the metal?

Sol:

As it is fcc structure

So diagonal contact is there

Hence

We can write

3a = 2r + r + r
3a = 4r
a=

4r
4
=
125 pm
3
3
= 289.0173 pm

Q15.

The standard electrode potential (Eo) for Daniell cell is +1.1 V. Calculate the Go for the reaction.
Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq)
Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)
(1 F = 96500 C mol-1).

Sol:

Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq)

Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
Eo = 1.1 V
Go = nFEo
= 2 96500 (1.1)
= 212300 J

Q16.

(a)

For a reaction A + B P, the rate law is given by,

r = k [A]1/2 [B]2.
What is the order of this reaction?

(b)

A first order reaction is found to have a rate constant k = 5.5 10-14 s-1. Find the half life of the
reaction.

Sol:

r = k[A]1/2 [B]2+

1
+ 2 = 5/2 = 2.5
2

(a)

Order =

(b)

k = 5.5 10-14 s-1 FOR first order reaction

1st order

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t1/2 =

0.693
0.693
=
k
5.5 10 14
= 0.126 1014 sec

Q17.

Define thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Give one example of each.

OR
What is a biodegradable polymer? Give an example of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester.

Sol:

Thermoplastics Polymers in which the intermolecular forces of attraction are in between those of
elastomeres and fibres are called thermoplastics. They are linear or slightly branched chain polymers which
are hard at room temperature and become soft and viscous an heating and again rigid on cooling.
Eg; polythene, PVC, teflon etc.
Thermosetting polymers These are semi fluid substances with low molecular masses which when heated in a
mould, undergo a permanent change in chemical composition to give a hard, infusible and in soluble mass. The
hardening on heating is due to extensive cross linking between different polymer chains.
E.g. Bakelite, melamine formaldehyde etc.
OR
Biodegradable polymers are those which can be broken down into less harmful / non harmful by products in
nature itself is some period of time.
Eg. Of biodegradable aliphatic polyester
PHBV

Q18.

Name the principal ore of aluminium. Explain the significance of leaching in the extraction of
aluminium.

Sol:

Aluminiums principle ore is Bauxite( Al2O3 + impurities of SiO2, Fe2O3 and TiO2 etc.)These impurities can be
removed by process of leaching. During leaching the powdered bauxide and is heated with concentrated (45%)
solution of NaOH at 473 523 K, when Alumina dissolves as sodium meta aluminate and silica as sodium
silicate leaving (SiO2, Fe2O3 and TiO2 and other impurities behind.
Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l)
Alumina

473 523 K

Na [Al(OH)4] sodium meta aluminate

SiO2 + 2NaOH
Na2SiO3 (aq) + H2O(l).
The impurities are filtered off and Na[Al(OH)4] is neutralised by passing CO2 when hydrated alumina separates
out. Then hydrated alumina is filtered, dried and heated to give back pure alumina.
1473 K

Al2O3 . xH2O (s) Al2O3(s) + xH2O(g)

The significance of leaching in the extraction of aluminium is to prepare pure alumina from bauxite ore.

Q19.

Define the following terms with an example in each case:

(i)

Macromolecular sol

(ii)

Peptization

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(iii)
Sol:

Emulsion.

Maco molecular sol.

When certain substances having big sized molecules, called macromolecules, having large molecular masses
are dissolved in a suitable liquid, they form a solution in which the molecules of the substance. i.e., the
dispersed particles have size in the collidal range. E.g. polyethene, nylon, polystyrene.

Peptization
is a process of converting a fresh precipitate into colloidal particles by shaking it with the
dispersion medium in the presence of small amount of a suitable electrolyte. The electrolyte added is called
peptizing agent.

Emulsion: Its a type of colloidal system in which both dispersed phase and dispersion medium are liquids e.g.
milk, hair cream.

Q20.

For the complex [NiCl4]2-, write

(i)

the IUPAC name

(ii)

the hybridization type.

(iii)

the shape of the complex

(Atomic no. of Ni = 28)

OR
What is meant by crystal field splitting energy? On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic
configuration of d4 in terms of t2g and eg in an octahedral field when

Sol:

(i)

0 > P

(ii)

0 < P

[NiCl4]2
(1)

Tetrachlorido nikelate (II) ion

(2)

sp3

(3)

tetrahedral

The difference of energy two sets of d-orbitals (which are no longer degenerate under different kinds of
electric fields).
Is called crystal field stabilization energy or (CFSE) represented by symbol 0.

Q21.

d4 when 0 > P

t 24 g eg o .

d4 when 0 < P

t 32 g eg 1 .

Give reasons for the following:

(i)

Though nitrogen exhibits +5 oxidation state, it does not form pentahalide.

(ii)

Electron gain enthalpy with negative sign of fluorine is less than that of chlorine.

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Sol:

(iii)

The two oxygen oxygen bond lengths in ozone molecule are identical.

(i)

NX5 cannot exist as nitrogen cannot form 5 bonds as compared to P, As etc as there are no empty d
orbitals in it.

(ii)

Cl + e
Cl

H1 = ve

F + e
F

H2 = ve

H1 is more ve than H2
Though F is more electro negative than Cl but electronegativity is a property of shared pair while electron gain
enthalpy is a property of isolated gaseous atom.
Due to very small size of F the incoming e experience repulsion as it enters the outer most shell through
overall antraction aluminater but this repulsion in F makes H2 less ve as compared to Cl.
(iii)Attraction dominates
B.O.

O
O

1.5
O

(I)

B.O.

O
O

1.5

(II)

O3 can be written as a resonance hybrid of above two structures as (I) and (II) are identical so both will
contribute equally to the hybrid giving a bond order of 1.5 to each bond.

Q22.

The rate of a reaction becomes four times when the temperature changes from 293 K to 313 K.
Calculate the energy of activation (Ea) of the reaction assuming that it does not change with
temperature.
[R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1, log 4 = 0.6021]

Sol:

Arrhinus equation is

k
log 2
k1

Ea 1
1
=

2.303R T1 T2

4k
Ea 1
1
log 1 =

k 1 2.303 R 293 313

log 4 =

2log2 =

Ea =

Ea
20

2.303R 293 313

Ea
20

2.303R 293 313

[ 2 log 2 ][ 2.303 R ] 293 313

20

2 0.3010 2.303 8.314 293 313

20

= 52854.55 J

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Q23.

Shanti, a domestic halper of Mrs. Anuradha, fainted while mopping the floor. Mrs. Anuradha
immediately took her to the nearby hospital where she was diagnosed to be severely anaemic. The
doctor prescribed an iron rich diet and multivitamins supplement to her. Mrs. Anuradha supported her
financially to get the medicines. After a month, Shanti was diagnosed to be normal.
After reading the above passage, answer the following questions:

Sol:

Q24.

(i)

What values are displayed by Mrs. Anuradha?

(ii)

Name the vitamin whose deficiency causes pernicious anaemia.

(iii)

Give an example of a water soluble vitamin.

(i)

Mrs. Anuradha has shown care, responsibility and helping nature.

(ii)

Iron

(iii)

Vitamin B and Vitamin C

Calculate the emf of the following cell at 25oC:

Ag (s) | Ag+ (10-3 M)|| Cu2+ (10-1 M)| Cu (s)
Given E ocell = + 0.46 and log 10n = n.

Sol:

Ag(s) | Ag (10-3 M)||Cu2+ (10-1 m)| Cu(s)

E ocell = +0.46 V
Cell reaction is Cu2+ + 2Ag(s)
Cu + 2Ag
Ecell = E ocell

Ecell

(Ag + )2
0.059
0.059
10 6
=
0.46

log
log
2
2
[Cu 2 + ]
10 1

= 0.46

0.059
log 10 5
2

= 0.46 +

5 0.059
2

= 0.46 + 0.147 s
= 0.6075 V

Q25.

Sol:

Give reasons for the following:

(i)

Ethyl iodide undergoes SN2 reaction faster than ethyl bromide.

(ii)

(
) 2-Butanol is optically inactive.

(iii)

C X bond length in halobenzene is smaller than C X bond length in CH3 X.

C2H5 I & C2H5 Br

(i)

In SN2 leaving group departs in rds I is better leaving group than Br ,So SN2 is faster in ethyl iodide
than ethyl bromide.

(ii)

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OH

C2H5

OH

C2H5
H

CH3

CH3

It forms a Racemic mixture hence optical activity is ZERO

(iii)
..
:X:

sp2

Here C X bond has a double bond character while no double bond character is found in CH 3 X
sp 3

Q26.

(i)

What class of drug is Ranitidine?

(ii)

If water contains dissolved Ca2+ ions, out of soaps and synthetic detergents, which will you use

for

cleaning clothes.

(iii)

Which of the following is an antiseptic?

0.2% phenol, 1% phenol.

Sol:

Q27.

(i)

Ranitidine it is an antacid.

(ii)

Synthetic detergent as soap forms insoluble scum with hard water (i.e. water containing Ca2= ions)

(iii)

0.2 % solution of phenol is antiseptic.

Write the main products of the following reactions:

(i)

CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 HNO
o 2 ?
0 C

O
||
(ii)

(iii)

Sol:

(i)

S Cl + H N C2H5
||
|
O
H

NH
|
H

O
||
CH3 C Cl
Base
HNO

?
H O

2
2
CH3 CH2 NH2
CH5 CH2 N2 Cl

CH3 CH2 OH

O C

(ii)
O
||
..
S Cl + H N C2H5
||
|
O
H

st

O
||
S N C2H5
|| |
O N

+ HCl

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Q28.

(a)

(b)

H O
| ||
N C CH3

O
||
CH3 C Cl

..
NH
|
H

+ HCl

Give reasons for the following:

(i)

Mn3+ is a good oxidizing agent.

(ii)

E oM 2 + /M values are not regular for first row transition metals (3d series).

(iii)

Although F is more electronegative than O, the highest Mn fluoride in MnF4, whereas

the

highest oxide is Mn2O7.

Complete the following equations:

(i)

2 CrO 24 + 2H+

(ii)

KMnO4

heat

OR
(a)

(b)

Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states?

(i)

Name the element showing maximum number of oxidation states among the first series

of

transition metals from Sc (Z = 21) to Zn (Z = 30).

(ii)

Name the element which shows only +3 oxidation state.

What is lanthanoid contraction? Name an important alloy which contains some of the
lanthanoid metal.

Sol:

(a)

Mn3+

(i)

Mn At. No. is 25
Mn

3d5 4s2

Mn3+ is 3d4 4s0

So it has tendency to accept one electron and undergo reduction because it will cause stable half filled
configuration. Hence it can act as an oxidizing agent.
(ii)

Eo values are a function of many factors like electronic configuration of reactants and products,
temperature, sizes of ions, hydration energy, sublimination and ionization energies etc so there is no
uniform order expected as size also varies in an unexpected fashion.

(iv)

This is because F can form only one bond and structure of MnF4 is which is which is lehahedral but
F
Mn
F

F
F

In Mn2O7 as O is present which can form 2 bonds or 1 and 1 bond so O can be present in between
two Mn atoms giving it a structure.
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Mn

Mn

O
O

Such budge cannot be formed by F

(b)

(i)

2CrO42 + 2H+

Chromate

Cr2O72

H 2O

dichromate

(ii)

2KMnO4
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

(a)

Transition elements have d orbitals which can accommodate a maximum of 10 electrons so there is
more scope for loss of any number of electron resulting into variable oxidation states.

(i)

Mn shows maximum number of oxidization states.

(ii)

Sc shows only +3

(b)

A regular decrease (contraction) in the atomic and ionic radii of lanthanoids with increasing atomic
number is known as lanthanoid contraction.
Alloy containing lanthanoid metals is mischmetal.

Q29.

(a)

(b)

How will you convert the following:

(i)

Propanone to Propan-2-ol

(ii)

Ethanal to 2-hydroxy propanoic acid

(iii)

Toluene to benzoic acid

Give simple chemical test to distinguish between:

(i)

Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one

(ii)

Ethanal and Propanal

OR

(a)

Write the product of the following reactions:

(i)

Hg
CH 3 C CH 3 Zn

?
conc. HCl
||
O

(ii)

BaSO 4
CH 3 C Cl + H 2 Pd

?
||
O

OH

(ii)

Sol:

(a)

(i)

Or CH3COOH

Propanone to propan-2-ol

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O
OH
||
|
/ H2 O
CH 3 C CH 3 NaBH
4
CH 3 C CH 3
|
H
(b)

Ethanol to 2hydroxy propanonic and

O
OH O
||
|
||
CH 3 C H
CH 3 C C OH
|
H

O
||
/.ehter
CH 3 C H LiAlH
4

CH3 CH2 OH ZnCl

2
HCl

H2O
( Separate step )

H 3O
KCN( aq )

CH 3 CH 2 CN
CH 3 CH 2 Cl

Cl
OH
|
|
P , Cl 2
CH3 CH2 COOH
CH 3 C COOH aq
. KOH

CH 3 C COOH
HVZ
|
|
H
H
(iv)

Toluene to benzoic acid

CH3

COOH
KMnO4/

CCl3

CH3

(i)

COOH

Cl2(excess)

aq. KOH

hv

(excess)

O
||
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C CH 3
Pentan 2 one
Gives iodoform test

O
||
While CH 3 CH 2 C CH 2 CH 3 does not
(ii)

CH3 CHO

and

Give iodoform test

CH3 CH CHO
does not give iodoform test

O
||
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C CH 3 + I 2 + NaOH

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O
||
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C O Na + NaI + CHI 3 + H 2 O
1
+ NaOH
CHI3 + HCCO + NaI + H2O
2

CH3 CHO +
(i)

(ii)

Hg ( HCl )
CH 3 C CH 3 Zn

CH 3 CH 2 CH 3
||
O
BaSO 4
CH 3 C Cl + H 2 Pd

CH 3 CHO
||
O

(iii)
COOH

COOH

Br2/FeBr3
Br

(b)

(i)F CH2 COOH is stronger than

Cl CH2 COOH
(ii) CH3 COOH is stronger than
OH

Q30.

(a)

State Raoults law for a solution containing volatile components.

How does Raoults law become a special case of Henrys law?

(b)

1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of

benzene by

0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol-1)
OR

(a)

(b)

Define the following terms:

(i)

Ideal solution

(ii)

Azeotrope

(iii)

Osmotic pressure

A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labeled as 10% by weight. What would be the

molarity of

the solution?

(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1)

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Sol:

Raoults law states that for a binary solution containing two volatile components.

A + B
XA

XB

Are the mol fractions of A &

B in solution phase

PA = partial pressure of A in
gas phase above the solution
PB = partial pressure of B in
gas phase above the solution

PT = Total pressure of A & B in gas phase above the solution then

PT = PA + PB
According Raoults law
PA XA

PA = PAoXA ..(1)

Similarly PB = PBo XB
So PT = PAoXA + PBo XB

(b)

Tf = Kfm

0.40 = 5.12
1000
M 50

M=

5.12 1 1000
50 0.40

= 256 gm

(a)

Ideal solution A solution which obeyes Raoults law under all conditions of temperature and pressure

(b)

Azeotrope A type of liquid mixture having definite composition and boiling like a pure liquid, is called
a constant boiling mixture or an azeotropic mixture.

So PT = PAo A + PBo B

Henrys law is a law dealing with solubility of gases in liquid, it states that for a solution of a gas in a
liquid the mol fraction of gas in liquid phase is directly propotional to the partial pressure of gas above
the liquid.

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Gas pressure = P

X = mol fraction of gas

in solution

XP

Henrys constant

X = KHP P =

1
X (2)
KH

None compare equation 2 and 1 assuming [PBo = 0]

it means PAo =

1
if solvent is non volatile.
KH

Osmotic pressure The minimum excess pressure that has to be applied on the solution to prevent the entry of
the solvent into the solution through the semi permeable membrane is called the cosmetic pressure.
(b)

10% by weight means

100g solution has 10gm glucose

so 90g solvent has

10
mol glucose
180

1000g solvent has

10
1000 mol of solute
180 90

10 10
18 9

So molality= 0.61728 m

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