EXPERIMENT No.

01
OBJECTIVE : Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
APPARATUS REQUIRED : The apparatus used are
i) A set of IS Sieves of sizes 80mm, 63mm, 50mm, 40mm,31.5mm, 25mm, 20mm, 16mm,
12.5mm, 10mm, 6.3mm,4.75mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600m, 300m, 150m and
75m.
THEORY Sieve analysis helps to determine the particle size distribution of the coarse and fine
aggregates.This is done by sieving the aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part I) 1963. In this we use
different sieves as standardized by the IS code and then pass aggregates through them and thus
collect different sized particles left over different sieves.
PROCEDURE :
1. The sample is sieved by using a set of IS Sieves.
2. On completion of sieving, the material on each sieve is weighed.
3. Cumulative weight passing through each sieve is calculated as a percentage of the total
sample weight.
4. Fineness modulus is obtained by adding cumulative percentage of aggregates retained on each
sieve and dividing the sum by 100.

TABLE :
S.NO
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Sieve No.
2 mm
1.11 mm
1 mm
600 micron
425 micron
212 micron
150 micron
75 micron

Mass
Retained
73.5
28.5
7.6
122.2
413.5
329.2
20.8
0.7

Cummulative
weight
73.5
102
109.6
231.8
645.3
974.5
995.3
996

% Retained

% Passing

7.35
10.2
10.96
23.18
64.53
97.45
99.53
99.6

92.65
89.04
89.04
76.82
35.47
2.55
0.77
0.4

EXPERIMENT No. 02

OBJECTIVE : Compute the Initial and Final setting time of Portland pozzolona
Cement

APPARATUS REQUIRED : Vicat Apparatus , Measuring Cylinder, Needle for initial and
plunger for final setting time ,Stopwatch , Glass plate, Enamel tray, trowel

THEORY : Initial setting time is that time period between the time water is added to cement
and time at which 1 mm square section needle fails to penetrate the cement paste, placed in the
Vicats mould 5 mm to 7 mm from the bottom of the mould.
Final setting time is that time period between the time water is added to cement and the time at
which 1 mm needle makes an impression on the paste in the mould but 5 mm attachment does
not make any impression.

PROCEDURE : Take 400 gm of cement in a pan. Prepare a neat cement paste by adding
0.85 times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency by the previous test. Start a
stop watch at the instant when water is added to the cement. Keep the vicat mould on a non
porous plate and fill the cement paste in it. After completely filling the mould, it should be
shaken slightly to expel the air. Smooth off the surface of the paste making it level with the top
of the mould.
Place the test block and the non porous plate under the rod bearing the needle having
1sq.mm.cross section. Lower the needle gently till in contact with the surface of the test block
and quickly release allowing it to penetrate in to the test block.(When vicat apparatus with dash
pot is used, place the mould filled with cement paste and the non absorbent plate on the base of
the vicat apparatus .Raise the in the beginning the needle will completely pierce the block.
Repeat the procedure until the needle fails to pierce block for 5+-0.5mm measured from the
bottom of the mould. The period elapsing between the time when water is added to the cement
and the time at which the needle fails to pierce the test block by 5+-0.5mm is the initial testing
time.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS :

Weight of cement taken (gm) = 400 gm
Quantity of water added to cement = 0.85 X Quantity of water required for standard consistency
= 0.85 X 0.35 X 400 = 119 mg
TABLE :
S.N
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Time (min.)

Penetration from top (mm)

0
5
10
15
20
25
27

0
1
1
4
4
5
7

RESULT :
The initial setting time of the given sample of cement=

27 min

EXPERIMENT No. 03
OBJECTIVE :

Prepare the Mix Design with 0.5 % fibre content

APPARATUS REQUIRED : Stopwatch , Enamel tray, trowel , cement, aggregate (fine

and coarse), water , fibre

THEORY : Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) may be defined as a composite materials made
with Portland cement, aggregate, and incorporating discrete discontinuous fibres. Now, why
would we wish to add such fibres to concrete? Plain, unreinforced concrete is a brittle material,
with a low tensile strength and a low strain capacity. The role of randomly distributes
discontinuous fibres is to bridge across the cracks that develop provides some postcracking
ductility. If the fibres are sufficiently strong, sufficiently bonded to material, and permit the
FRC to carry significant stresses over a relatively large strain capacity in the postcracking stage.
The fibre reinforcement may be used in the form of three dimensionally randomly distributed
fibres throughout the structural member when the added advantages of the fibre to shear
resistance and crack control can be further utilised . On the other hand, the fibre concrete may
also be used as a tensile skin to cover the steel reinforcement when a more efficient two
dimensional orientation of the fibres could be obtained.

PROCEDURE : In order to achieve the stated objectives, this study was carried out in few
stages. On the initial stage, all the materials and equipments needed must be gathered or checked
for availability. Then, the concrete mixes according to the predefined proportions. Concrete
samples were tested through concrete tests such as cube test. Finally, the results obtained were
analyzed to draw out conclusion.

CONTENTS:
Volume of cube = 70 * 70 * 70 ( mm3)
= 343000 mm3
No. of cubes = 3
Volume = 3 * 343000 mm3
= 1029000 mm3
Adding 10% wastage of concrete mix
Volume = 0.001139 m3

MIX DESIGN:
Grade

M 30 ,

ZONE

II

Shape of aggregate : Rounded

Fck = 30+1.65*5
= 38.25
W/C ratio = 0.37
Water added = 186 mg
P (%) = 35 %
Compaction Factor (0.1)
W/C Ratio (0.5)
Rounded Agg.
W = ((0.8-0.8)*186*3)/(100*0.1)) 15
= - 15
P = ((0.37*0.60)/0.05) 7
= 11.6

W
3%
0
-15

P(%)
0
+/- 1%
-7

W = 186-15
= 171 Kg/m3
C = 171/ 0.37 = 462.2 kg/ m3
P = 35 - 11.6 = 23.4
V = [ (W) + (C / Sc ) + (fagg / (P*SFagg)) ] *(1/1000)
SFagg = 2.7 and SCagg = 2.6
SC = 3.15
V = 0.98 m3
Putting these vaues in equation (1)
Fagg = 403 Kg/m3
Cagg = 1370 Kg / m3

Hence,
Water Content = 193 gm
Cement

= 522 gm

Course agg .

= 1548 gm

Fine agg.

= 455 gm

Fibre content

= 14 gm

(1)

EXPERIMENT No. 04
OBJECTIVE : To determine the flexural strength of concrete beam.
APPARATUS : Water Content = 2500 gm
Cement
= 2800 gm
Course agg .
= 14300 gm
Fine agg.
= 5800 gm
Fibre content = 130 gm
Size of given beam mould (inside) = 150 mm*150 mm*610 mm
Size of main reinforced bar (dia) = 16 mm
Size of stirrups bar (dia)
= 12 mm
ASTM machine for determining flexure strength of RCC beam
THEORY : Flexural strength is one measure of the tensile strength of concrete. It is a measure
of an unreinforced concrete beam or slab to resist failure in bending. It is measured by loading 6
x 6 inch (150 x 150-mm) concrete beams with a span length at least three times the depth. The
flexural strength is expressed as Modulus of Rupture (MR) in psi (MPa) and is determined by
standard test methods ASTM (center-point loading).
Flexural Strength of ConcreteFlexural MR is about 10 to 20 percent of compressive strength
depending on the type, size and volume of coarse aggregate used. However, the best correlation
for specific materials is obtained by laboratory tests for given materials and mix design. The MR
determined by third-point loading is lower than the MR determined by center-point loading,
sometimes by as much as 15%.

PROCEDURE :
Flexural tests of moist-cured specimens shall be made as soon as practical after removal from
moist storage. Surface drying of the specimen results in a reduction in the measured modulus of
rupture.

Turn the test specimen on its side with respect to its position as molded and center it on the
support blocks. Center the loading system in relation to the applied force. Bring the loadapplying block in contact with the surface of the specimen at the center and apply a load of
between 3 and 6 % of the estimated ultimate load. Using 0.004 in. (0.10 mm) and 0.015 in. (0.38
mm) leaf-type feeler gages, determine whether any gap between the specimen and the loadapplying or support blocks is greater or less than each of the gages over a length of 1 in. (25 mm)
or more. Grind, cap, or use leather shims on the specimen contact surface to eliminate any gap in
excess of 0.004 in. (0.10 mm). Leather shims shall be of uniform 14 in. (6.4 mm) thickness, 1 to
2 in. (25 to 50 mm) in width, and shall extend across the full width of the specimen. Gaps in
excess of 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) shall be eliminated only by capping or grinding. Grinding of
lateral surfaces shall be minimized inasmuch as grinding may change the physical characteristics
of the specimens.
Load the specimen continuously and without shock. The load shall be applied at a constant rate
to the breaking point. Apply the load so that the extreme fiber stress increases at a rate betweeen
125 and 175 psi/min (0.9 and 1.2 MPa/min) .
RESULTS: Flexure strength of given size beam = 145 KN