INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2014-2015
COURSE DESCRIPTION FORM

Course Title

AERODYNAMICS I

Course Code

A42102

Regulation

R13 - JNTUH
Lectures
4

Course Structure

Tutorials
1

Practicals
-

Credits
4

Course Coordinator
Team of Instructors

I.

Mr. GRK Swamy, Mr. P. Dileep Kumar and Ms T Iswarya

COURSE OVERVIEW:
Aerodynamics extends fluid mechanic concepts to the aerodynamic performance of wings and

bodies in sub/supersonic regimes. The course has four components: (i) subsonic potential flows, including
source/vortex panel methods; (ii) viscous flows, including laminar and turbulent boundary layers; (iii)
aerodynamics of airfoils and wings, including thin airfoil theory, lifting line theory, and panel
method/interacting boundary layer methods; (iv) introduction to properller. Aerodynamics is the study of the
flow of air about a body. In this case, the body will be an airplane, but much of the aerodynamics in this
course is relevant to a wide variety of applications from sail boats to automobiles to birds. The course should
help students to: formulate and apply appropriate aerodynamic models to predict the forces on and
performance of realistic three-dimensional configurations; assess the applicability of aerodynamic models to
predict the forces on and performance of realistic three-dimensional configurations and estimate the errors
resulting from their application; perform a computational and experimental aerodynamic analysis and design.

II.

PREREQUISITE(S):

Level

Credits

Periods/Week

Prerequisites

UG

Basic Physics , Advanced Mathematics

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

III.

MARKS DISTRIBUTION:

Sessional Marks

University End

Total

Exam marks

Marks

75

100

University End

Total

Exam marks

Marks

Mid Semester Test

There shall be two midterm examinations.
Each midterm examination consists of subjective type
and objective type tests.
The subjective test is for 10 marks of 60 minutes
duration.
Subjective test of shall contain 4 questions; the student
has to answer 2 questions, each carrying 5 marks.
The objective type test is for 10 marks of 20 minutes
duration. It consists of 10 Multiple choice and 10
objective type questions, the student has to answer all
the questions and each carries half mark.
First midterm examination shall be conducted for the
first two and half units of syllabus and second midterm
examination shall be conducted for the remaining
portion

Sessional Marks
Assignment
Five marks are earmarked for assignments.
There shall be two assignments in every theory course.
Marks shall be awarded considering the average of two
assignments in each course.

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

IV.

V.

VI.

EVALUATION SCHEME

S. No

Component

Duration

Marks

1.

I Mid Examination

80 minutes

20

2.

I Assignment

3.

II Mid Examination

80 minutes

20

4.

II Assignment

5.

External Examination

3 hours

75

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1.

Understand basic philosophy & ideas of flow

2.

Understand the physics behind the Governing Equations and flow models

3.

Identify theory behind the forces and moments

4.

Discuss the application of aerodynamics in various engineering discipline

5.
6.
7.

Understand the concept of boundary layer flows and impact

Analyze the inviscid flow properties
Discuss the propeller aerodynamics.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course the students are able to:
1. Apply knowledge and understand the essential facts, concepts and principles of
aerodynamics.
2. Apply the basic knowledge in mathematics, science and engineering.
3. Analyze the inviscid flow properties
4. Analyze the boundary layer flows
5. Analyze how the aerodynamics affects the aircraft design and operation
6. Analyze the concept of lifting line theory.
7. Analyze the elliptic load distribution.
8. Evaluate the source and vortex panel method for aerofoils.
9. Analyze the flow over a propeller.
10. Analyze and understand the lift augmentation techniques.

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

Program Outcomes

P01

Knowledge

in

Level

fundamentals

of

mathematics, science and engineering.

An ability to identify, formulate and

solve

problems

in

key

areas

of

Aerodynamics, Structures, Propulsion, Flight

P02

Dynamics and Control, Design, Testing,

Space

and

Aviation

of

Missile

Technologies

Aeronautical

and

Engineering

discipline
An ability to design and conduct
P03

experiments, analyze and interpret data

related to various areas of Aeronautical

Engineering.
An ability in conducting investigations to
P04

solve problems using research based

knowledge and methods to provide logical

conclusions.
Skills to use modern engineering and IT
P05

tools, software and equipment to analyze the

problems in Aeronautical Engineering.

Understanding of impact of engineering
P06

solutions on the society to assess health,

safety, legal, and social issues in Aeronautical

Engineering.
The impact of professional engineering
P07

solutions in environmental context and to be

able to respond effectively to the needs of

sustainable development.
P08

P09

The knowledge of Professional and

ethical responsibilities.
An ability to work effectively as an
individual and as a team member/leader in

Proficiency
assessed by

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

multidisciplinary areas.
An ability to critique writing samples
P10

(abstract, executive summary, project report),

and oral presentations.

Knowledge of management principles and
P11

apply these to manage projects in

multidisciplinary environments.
P12

The need of self education and ability to

engage in life - long learning.

N-None

VI.

S-Supportive

H-Highly Related

SYLLABUS:

Unit I - Review of Fluid Mechanics: Importance of Aerodynamics, Fundamental aerodynamics variables

and dimensional analysis (statement of Buckingham theorem.) leading to force & moment coefficient and
dimensionless similarity such as Reynolds number, Mach number, incompressible flow, compressible flow
and Mach number. Continuity & Momentum equations in differential form. Euler equation, viscosity,
Navier-Stokes equation Reynolds as an order-of-magnitude measure of ratio of inertia forces to viscous
forces.
Unit II - Inviscid Incompressible flows:

Large Reynolds number flows, Prandtls Boundary Layer

Hypothesis, viscous boundary layer flow and inviscid external flow. Justification of inviscid flow analysis.
Angular Velocity, Vorticity and circulation, Kelvin Theorem and irrotational flow velocity potential, Stream
function, Laplace equation, boundary condition at infinity and wall,

Elementary flows and their

combinations. Flow past circular cylinder non lifting case, lifting case & Magnus effect, the spinning tennis
ball, D' AIembert's Paradox, Kutta Joukowsky theorem - circular cylinder with vortex, airfoil as arbitrary
cylinder with a sharp trailing edge, Kutta condition. Kelvin's circulation theorem & starting vortex, concept
of small perturbation & thin airfoil theory linearization of the boundary condition, resolution of thin
airfoil problem into & non lifting cases, their solutions by method of

singularity distribution, the

aerodynamic center, the center of pressure, load representation

Unit - III: Viscous Flow and Boundary Layer: Role of viscosity in fluid flow boundary layer growth
along a flat plate and nearly flat surface, displacement thickness and patching of inviscid external flow to
viscous boundary layer flow, laminar boundary layer, transition and turbulent boundary layer, skin friction
drag by integration of tangential stress & pressure drag integration of normal stress, factors influencing

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

boundary layer separation adverse pressure gradient and sharp bending / turning of surface-Real (Viscous)
flow and variation of drag coefficient with Reynolds number for Circular cylinder. Real (viscous) flow and
importance of skin friction drag for airfoils. Effect of transition and surface roughness on airfoils, N-S
equation, Boundary layer approximation, Blasius solution for the flat plate problem. Definition of
momentum thickness & derivation of Von Karman's momentum equation.
Unit - IV: Inviscid Flow over Wings & Panel Methods: Vortex filament statement of Helmholtz's vortex
theorems, Biot-Savart Law, starting, bound & trailing vortices of wings, Lanchester's experiment, Prandtls
Lifting line theory - downwash and induced drag, Elliptic loading & wings of elliptic platforms, expression
for induced drag, minimum induced drag for Elliptic platform. Source and vortex panel methods for airfoils.
Replacement of an airfoil by a concentrated vortex at quarter - chord point, importance of three- quarter
chord point for discretization, use of quarter chord and three- quarter chord points in vortex panel method
for wings.
Unit -V:

Applied Aerodynamics & Introduction to Propellers: Critical Mach number & Drag

Divergence, drag reduction & lift augmentation - Sweep, winglets, Flaps, slats and vortex generators.
Propellers: Concept of slip stream with only axial velocity, Actuator disk theory due to Rankine & Froude
power & thrust coefficients, why the propeller is twisted by blade element analysis blade angle, advance
ratio and Torque coefficient , efficiency , how to read propeller chart.

LIST OF TEXT BOOKS/REFERENCES / WEBSITES / JOUNRALS / OTHERS:

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Anderson, J .D.(2011), Fundamental of Aerodynamics, 5th Edition, Mc Graw-Hill International Edition
2. E.L.HoughtonE.L. and P.W. Carpenter (2010), Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, 5th Edition,
Elsevier.

REFERENCES:
1. Clancy, L.J. ( 2006), Aerodynamics, Sterling book house
2. Louis M. Milne-Thomson (2011), Theoretical Aerodynamics, Imported Edition, Dover Publications

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

IX.

COURSE PLAN:
At the end of the course, the students are able to achieve the following course learning outcomes:

Lecture
No.

Course Learning outcomes

Discuss Importance of
Aerodynamics

Fundamental aerodynamics

aerodynamics variables

variables

Define Dimensional analysis

Dimensional analysis (statement

(statement of Buckingham

of Buckingham theorem)

theorem) leading to force &

leading to force & moment

moment coefficient

coefficient

similarity such as Reynolds

number, Mach number

compressible flow and Mach

compressible flow and Mach

number

number

Momentum equations in

Derive Euler equation,

viscosity
Derive Navier-Stokes
equation
Discuss Reynolds as an

Reynolds number, Mach number

Incompressible flow,

differential form

Dimensionless similarity such as

Define Incompressible flow,

Derive Continuity &

6

Importance of Aerodynamics

Define Fundamental

Discuss Dimensionless
4

Topics to be covered

order-of-magnitude measure
of ratio of inertia forces to

Continuity & Momentum

equations in differential form

Reference

T1.1

T1.1

T1.1

T1.1

T1.1

T2.2

Euler equation, viscosity

T2.2

Navier-Stokes equation

T2.2

Reynolds as an order-of-

T2.2

magnitude measure of ratio of

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

viscous forces

10

11

Discuss Large Reynolds

number flows

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

T1.17
Prandtls Boundary Layer

Layer Hypothesis

Hypothesis

layer flow and inviscid

external flow

13

Large Reynolds number flows

Discuss Prandtls Boundary

Analyze Viscous boundary

12

inertia forces to viscous forces

Viscous boundary layer flow and

inviscid external flow

Justify of inviscid flow

Justification of inviscid flow

analysis

analysis

Derive Angular Velocity,

Angular Velocity, Vorticity and

Vorticity and circulation

circulation

Discuss Kelvin Theorem and

Kelvin Theorem and irrotational

irrotational flow

flow

Derive Velocity potential,

Velocity potential, Stream

Stream function

function

Derive Laplace equation

Laplace equation

Define Boundary condition at

Boundary condition at infinity

infinity and wall

and wall

Define Elementary flows and

Elementary flows and their

their combinations

combinations

Discuss Flow past circular

Flow past circular cylinder - non

cylinder - non lifting case

lifting case

Define Lifting case &

Magnus effect

Lifting case & Magnus effect

T1.17

T1.17

T1.17

T1.2

T1.4

T1.2

T1.3

T1.3

T1.3

T1.3

T1.3

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

22

23

Analyze The spinning tennis

ball
Discuss D' AIembert's
Paradox
Discuss Kutta-Joukowsky

24-25

theorem - circular cylinder

with vortex
Discuss Airfoil as arbitrary

26

cylinder with a sharp trailing

edge

27

28-29

32

33

34

D' AIembert's Paradox

T1.3

Kutta-Joukowsky theorem circular cylinder with vortex

Airfoil as arbitrary cylinder with a

sharp trailing edge

Kutta condition

Analyze Kelvins circulation

Kelvins circulation theorem &

theorem & starting vortex

starting vortex

perturbation & thin airfoil

theory

31

T1.3

Derive Kutta condition

Discuss Concept of small

30

The spinning tennis ball

Concept of small perturbation &

thin airfoil theory

Derive Linearization of the

Linearization of the boundary

boundary condition

condition

Resolve thin airfoil problem

Resolution of thin airfoil problem

into & non lifting cases, their

into & non lifting cases, their

solutions by method of

solutions by method of singularity

singularity distribution

distribution

Discuss The aerodynamic

The aerodynamic center, the

center, the center of pressure,

center of pressure, load

load representation

representation

Discuss Role of viscosity in

Role of viscosity in fluid flow

fluid flow boundary layer

boundary layer growth along a

growth along a flat plate and

flat plate and nearly flat surface

T1.3

T1.3

T1.3

T1.4

T1.4

T1.4

T1.4

T1.4

T1.17

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

nearly flat surface

Derive Displacement
35

thickness and patching of

inviscid external flow to
viscous boundary layer flow

36

layer, transition and turbulent

transition and turbulent boundary

boundary layer

layer

integration of tangential stress

& pressure drag integration of

40

layer separation

Derive Real (Viscous) flow

and variation of drag
coefficient with Reynolds
number for Circular cylinder

42

43

sharp bending / turning of surface

of drag coefficient with Reynolds

importance of skin friction drag

friction drag for airfoils

for airfoils

Derive N-S equation

T2.4

T2.4

number for Circular cylinder

and importance of skin

and surface roughness on

T2.4

Real (Viscous) flow and variation

Real (viscous) flow and

airfoils
44

Adverse pressure gradient and

Derive Real (viscous) flow

Analyze Effect of transition

T2.4

drag integration of normal stress

boundary layer separation

turning of surface

41

of tangential stress & pressure

Factors influencing boundary

gradient and sharp bending /

T1.17

Skin friction drag by integration

Analyze Factors influencing

Define Adverse pressure

T1.17

to viscous boundary layer flow

Laminar boundary layer,

normal stress

39

patching of inviscid external flow

Discuss Laminar boundary

Derive Skin friction drag by

37-38

Displacement thickness and

Effect of transition and surface

roughness on airfoils

N-S equation

T2.4

T2.4

T2.4

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

45

46

Derive Boundary layer

approximation
Derive Blasius solution for

Blasius solution for the flat plate

the flat plate problem

problem

Define of momentum
47

thickness & derive of Von

Karman's momentum
equation
Define Vortex filament

48

statement of Helmholtzs
vortex theorems
Discuss Biot-Savart Law,

49-50

starting, bound & trailing

vortices of wings

51

52

53

Discuss Lanchester's
experiment

56-57

Vortex filament statement of

Helmholtzs vortex theorems

Biot-Savart Law, starting, bound

& trailing vortices of wings

Lanchester's experiment

downwash and induced drag,

induced drag, (Bertin, p. 233)

(Bertin, p. 233)

Derive Elliptic loading &

Elliptic loading & wings of

wings of elliptic platforms

elliptic platforms

induced drag for Elliptic

T2.4

T2.4

Karman's momentum equation

theory - downwash and

platform

55

thickness & derivation of Von

Prandtls lifting line theory -

induced drag, minimum

T2.4

Definition of momentum

Analyze Prandtls lifting line

Derive Expression for

54

Boundary layer approximation

T1.5

T1.5

T1.5

T1.5

T1.5

Expression for induced drag,

minimum induced drag for

T1.5

Elliptic platform

Define Source and vortex

Source and vortex panel methods

panel methods for airfoils

for airfoils

Discuss Replacement of an

Replacement of an airfoil by a

airfoil by a concentrated

concentrated vortex at quarter -

T1.5

T1.5

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

vortex at quarter - chord

chord point, importance of three-

point, importance of three-

Quarter chord point for

Quarter chord point for

discretization, use of quarter

discretization, use of quarter

chord and three- quarter chord

chord and three- quarter

points in vortex

chord points in vortex

58

59

60

Discuss Panel method for

wings
Define Critical Mach number

Critical Mach number & Drag

& Drag Divergence

Divergence

Define Drag reduction

Drag reduction

Discuss Lift augmentation Sweep, winglets, Flaps, slats

and vortex generators
61
Discuss Propellers: Concept
of slip stream with only axial
velocity

62

63

64

65

66

Panel method for wings

generators

with only axial velocity

Rankine & Froude

Power & thrust coefficients

Discuss why the propeller is

Why the propeller is twisted by

twisted by blade element

blade element analysis blade

analysis blade angle

angle

Define Advance ratio and

Advance ratio and Torque

Torque coefficient, efficiency

coefficient, efficiency

chart

R2.17

Propellers: Concept of slip stream

due to Rankine & Froude

Discuss how to read propeller

R2.17

winglets, Flaps, slats and vortex

Actuator disk theory due to

coefficients

R2.17

Lift augmentation - Sweep,

Analyze Actuator disk theory

Define Power & thrust

R2.17

How to read propeller chart?

R2.17

R2.17

R2.17

R2.17

T3.2

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043

X. MAPPING COURSE OBJECTIVES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM

OUTCOMES

PO
4

Program Outcomes
PO PO
PO5
PO8
6
7
S

Course
objectives

PO1

PO2

PO3

II

III

IV

VI

VII

PO
9

PO
10

PO1
1

PO1
2

S = Supportive

H = Highly Related

XI. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM

OUTCOMES:

Course
Outcome
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Program Outcomes
P
O
1
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H

PO2

PO
3

P
PO
O4 5

H
H
S
S
H

H
H
H
H

H
H
H
H
H
S

S = Supportive

P
P
PO
O6 O7 8

P
P
O1
O9
0

PO
11

PO
12

H
H
H

Program specific
outcomes
PS
PS
PS
PS
O1 O2 O3 O4
H
H
S
S

S
H
S
H

H = Highly Related

Prepared by: Mr. GRK Swamy, Mr. P. Dileep Kumar and Ms Iswarya Thiyagarajan.

HOD, AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500043