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CH2OH
Ethyl Alcohol
(Monohydric)
CH2OH
C2H4(OH)2
OR
Glycol (Dihydric)
CH2OH
CH2OH
OR
C3H5(OH)3
CH2OH
Glycerol (Trihydric)
carboxyl
(COOH)
group.
They
are
represented by the general formula RCOOH.
Aliphatic monocarboxylic acids (containing
one carboxyl group) are known as fatty acids
because some of their higher members with
long hydrocarbon chains are obtained from
oils and fats. Members of family of carboxylic
acids in which R contains 15 or more carbon
atoms are known as higher fatty acids. Some
common higher fatty acids are:
C15H31COOH
C17H35COOH
(Palmitic acid)
(Stearic acid)
C17H35COOH
(Oleic acid)
CH2OOCC17H35
CH2OOCC15H31
CHOOCC17H35
CHOOCC15H31
CH2OOCC17H35
CH2OOCC15H31
(Stearin or triesterin)
(Palmitic or tripalmitin)
Usually more than one acid radical is present
in the same glyceride. These are called
mixed glycerides. The naturally occurring oils
and fats are generally mixtures of such
mixed glycerides.
For instance:
CH2OOCC17H35
CH2OOCC15H31
CHOOCC15H31
CHOOCC17H35
CH2OOCC17H35
CH2OOCC17H35
(Oleo-palmitic-stearin)
(Palmate-distrain)
CH2OOCC17H35
CHOOCC15H31
CH2OOCC15H31
(Stearo-dipalmitin)
WHAT ARE SOAPS?
potassium
as stearic
They are
of oils and
hydroxide
For example,
CH2OOCC15H31
2C15H31COONa
palmitate)
CHOOCC15H31
CHOH
CH2OOCC17H35
C17H35COONa
CH2OH
(Sodium
NaOH
CH2OH
Observation:
PRECAUTION:
Caustic soda is very corrosive and should
not, therefore, be touched with bare hands
2-3 minutes
preferably in a shaker.
3. Place the test tubes in a test tube stand and
start the stop watch.
4. Note the time when the foam in each of the
tubes disappears.
Foaming capacity of that soap sample will
be greater in which case it takes longer
time to disappear.