&

.
IM

3.

1. ...............................................................3
1.1 ;........................................3
1.2 .........................................................................3
1.3 ;...........................................................................4
1.4 ;.........................................5

2. ...................................5
2.1 ......................................................................................5
2.2 ......................................................................7

3. ..................................................7
3.1 ...
Zukertort,Johannes Hermann Steinitz,William............................................................7
3.2 ...
Lasker,Emanuel - Capablanca,Jose Raul.................................................................... 17
3.3 ...
Botvinnik,Mikhail - Vidmar,Milan Sr..............................................................................22
3.4 ...
Botvinnik,Mikhail Alekhine,Alexander.......................................................................26
3.5 ...
Reshevsky,Samuel - Fischer,Robert James................................................................31
3.6 ' ...
Najdorf,Miguel Tal,Mihail...........................................................................................37
3.7 ...
Petrosian,Tigran Spassky,Boris................................................................................44
3.8 ...
Portisch,Lajos Karpov,Anatoly..................................................................................50
3.9 -...
Kortschnoj,Viktor Karpov,Anatoly..............................................................................55
3.10 ...
Karpov,Anatoly Kasparov,Garry..............................................................................61

4. ....................................................74
4.1 -..........................................................74
4.1.1 ........................................................................75
4.1.2 ........................................78
4.1.3 Ne5xf7..................................................................80

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3.

4.2 -...................................87
4.2.1 .............................................................87
4.2.2 .............................88
4.2.3 Ne5xf7.....................................................88
4.2.4 ...............................................................88
4.2.5 ...........................................................90
4.3 .......................................................................90
4.3.1 (
)
........................................................91
4.3.2 (
).......................................................................................
92
4.3.3
............................................................................................
.93
4.4 ...............................................94

5. ...................................................................95
6. , ................................................95
6.1 .................................................................................................95
6.2 ..........................................................................................................95

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3.

1. ...
1.1
;


.

/ .

1.2 ;

.
d4 - d5
- c2-e2/c7-e7 .

d4/d5
.
:

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3.

1.3 ;

e6 .

c6.

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3.

1.4
;

;
!
!
...

-
-
- /

, ,

.

e6

2.


.

2.1

d4 vs e6 .

.

d
4 e 6.
d4 , e5
c5
.
, 4
c & e ,
.

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3.

d4
.
d5

.
, ,
.

, ,
.

d4-d5 , ,


.

,
.
d4-d5
.
d5 , , .
d4
.

.

2.2


.

.

.

Houdini 3.00.

.

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3.

3.

3.1 ...

Zukertort,Johannes Hermann - Steinitz,William [D26]

World Championship 1st USA (9), 10.02.1886

.
Steinitz, ,
.
Zukertort,
, , , .
1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3
4.e3 c5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.a3 dxc4 7.Bxc4 cxd4 8.exd4
Be7 9.0-0 0-0 10.Be3?!
: 10...Bd7 11.Qd3 (11.d5=)
11...Rc8 12.Rac1 Qa5 13.Ba2 Rfd8 14.Rfe1 Be8 15.Bb1 g6 16.Qe2 Bf8 17.Red1
Bg7 18.Ba2 Ne7 .
4...dxc4 5.e3
5.e4 Bb4 6.Bg5 c5 7.Bxc4 .
5...c5
, ,
5...a6 6.a4 (6.Bxc4 b5 7.Bb3 Bb7
) 6...c5 7.Bxc4 Nc6 8.0-0 Be7 9.Qe2 (9.dxc5 Qxd1 10.Rxd1 Bxc5
) 9...cxd4 10.Rd1 e5 11.exd4 exd4 12.Nxd4 Nxd4 13.Qe5 Qd6
.
6.Bxc4 cxd4
6...Nc6 Bc1.
7.exd4
7.Nxd4 a6

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3.

7...Be7 8.0-0 0-0

8...Nc6 9.Bf4 0-0 10.Re1 (10.Rc1 Qb6 11.Qd2 Rd8 12.Rfd1

Bd7 13.Qe2 Be8 14.Bd3 Rac8 PIllsbury-Steinintz, St Petersburg
1895/96) 10...Bd7 11.Qe2 Qa5 12.Nb5 a6 13.Bc7 b6 14.Nc3 Rfc8 15.Bf4 b5
16.Bb3 Qb6 17.Red1 Na5 18.Bc2 Nc4 Zukertort-Steinitz, USA 13th
matchgame 1886
9.Qe2 Nbd7

9...Nc6 (
) 10.Rd1 Na5 11.Bd3 b6 12...Bb7
.
10.Bb3
,
10.d5 exd5 11.Nxd5 Nxd5
12.Bxd5 Nf6 13.Bb3 Bf5 14.Rd1 Qe8 15.Nd4 Bd7
.
10...Nb6 11.Bf4

, ,

3.

,
, 11.Rd1 Nbd5 12.Bg5 Qa5
13.Rac1

11...Nbd5

12.Bg3 Qa5 13.Rac1 Bd7 14.Ne5

(c6, d7
f7) .
14... Rfd8 15.Qf3
15.Nxd7 Rxd7 Rad8 ,

.
15...Be8
,
f7. ,
'
f7 .
16.Rfe1 Rac8 17.Bh4

, ,

3.

T d5,
Bxf6
.
17...Nxc3
d4
c3-d4.
c4 d5 ,
c4
.

d5

18.bxc3 Qc7 19.Qd3?!

,
, 19.Bg3 Bd6 20.c4
(Lasker) . '
, ,
.
19...Nd5
.
20.Bxe7
; ,
20.Bg3 Qa5 21.c4 Nf6 .
20.Bc2 ( Bc2+Qd3
...!) g6 (
) 21.Bxe7 (
) Qxe7 22.Bb3 (
22.c4 22...Nb4) b5! (
c4) 23.Bxd5 Rxd5 24.Qe3 . c4-d5
,
Ne5
Be8.
20...Qxe7
20...Nxe7 21.Nf3 Qa5 22.h3

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10

3.

21.Bxd5?
, g7-g6
d5. Bb3,
(Lasker).
21.c4! Nf6 (21...Qg5?! 22.h4! )
22.Rcd1 (22.Qe3!? )
21.Bc2 Nf6 (21...Qh4!?) 22.Ng4 g6 23.Ne5
.
21...Rxd5 22.c4 Rdd8

g7-g6 ( 20 )
23.Re3?
, 23.d5 b5 24.Qh3
.
23...Qd6 24.Rd1
24.Rh3 h6! (24...Qxd4? 25.Qxh7+ Kf8 26.Re3 )
25.Rd1 f6 26.Ng4 Qf4 .

, ,

11

3.

24...f6 25.Rh3!?

,

, 25.Nf3 25... Qa6! 26.Rc1 (26.Qb3 Ba4 ,
26.Nd2 Bg6 27.Qc3 e5! 28.d5 b5! ) 26...b5 (26...Bh5!?)
27.c5 Qxa2 .

25...h6

,
. 25...fxe5?! 26.Qxh7+ Kf8 27.Rf3+ (27.Rg3!? Rd7 28.Qh8+ Ke7
29.Qh4+ Kf8 30.Qh8 ) 27...Bf7 28.Qh5 (28.Qh8+?! Ke7 29.Qxg7
Rf8 ) 28...Rc7 29.c5! Qd5 30.Qh8+ Ke7 31.Qh4+
.
26.Ng4
26.Ng6 26...Bxg6 27.Qxg6 Rxc4 28.Rg3 (28.Rxh6? Qxd4! 29.Qh7+ Kf8
30.Qh8+ Kf7 31.Qxd8 Qxd8! ) 28...Qe7 29.Qxh6 Rcxd4
30.Rxd4 Rxd4 31.h3 b5
.
26...Qf4!

, ,

12

3.

f6 & h6.
Houdini 26...b5 27.c5 (27.cxb5 Qxd4
28.Nxh6+ gxh6 29.Rg3+ Kh8 ) 27...Qf4 28.Nxh6+ gxh6 29.Rf3
.
27.Ne3
27.Rg3 b5! 28.Qe4 (28.cxb5? Rxd4! 29.Nxh6+ Kf8 30.Qa3+ Qd6
(Steinitz)) 28... Qxe4 29.Nxf6+ Kf7 30.Nxe4 Rxc4 .
27...Ba4!
1 ...

28.Rf3?
28.Rd2 b5 29.Rf3 (29.cxb5 Rc1+ 30.Nd1 (30.Nf1 Bxb5
) 30...e5 31.d5 Qb4 ) 29...Qd6 30.Qg6
28...Qd6 29.Rd2

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13

3.

29.Rxf6 29...Bxd1!
29...Bc6?
29...b5! 1
, . 30.Qg6,
:
a) 30.cxb5?? Rc1+ 31.Nf1 (31.Nd1 Qxd4 32.Qxd4 Rxd4 33.Rxd4
Bxd1 ) 31...Qb4
b) 30.Rg3 bc4 31.Qg6 Qf8 32.Ng4 Kh8 33.Nxh6 Be8
30...Qf8 31.c5 (31.Ng4 Rxc4 32.h3 Kh8
) 30...Rxc5 32.h4 Rc1+ 33.Kh2 .

30.Rg3?
, ,

14

3.

, 30.Rxf6? gxf6
31.Qg6+ Kf8 32.Qxf6+ Ke8
30.d5! Qe5! [30...exd5 31.Nf5 (31.cxd5 Bxd5 32.Nxd5
Qxd5 33.Qxd5+ Rxd5 34.Rfd3 Rc1+ ) 31...Qf8 32.Rg3 g5
] 31.Qb1 (31.Rg3!?,
31.Qf1!?) 31...exd5 32.cxd5 Bd7 ( 32...Bxd5?
33.Rf5)
30...f5!
Qg6,
g4 f4...
.
31.Rg6?
31.c5 , . 31...Qe7
32.Nc4 (32.f4!?) 32...Bb5 33.a4 Bxc4 34.Qxc4 Rxc5 35.dc5 Rd2 36.h3
.
31.Rh3 .

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15

3.

31...Be4 32.Qb3 Kh7!

33.c5 Rxc5 34.Rxe6

34.Qxe6 Rc1+ 35.Nd1 (35.Nf1 Qxe6 36.Rxe6 Bd5 37.Re7 Bc4
) 35...Qxd4!
34...Rc1+ 35.Nd1
35.Nf1 35...Qf4!
.
35...Qf4 36.Qb2 Rb1 37.Qc3 37...Rc8 38.Rxe4 Qxe4 0-1
... ,
.

...
;
, ,
, . d5,
f7
.

.

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16

3.

, .

. 50

, ,

17

3.

.

...

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18

3.

4.
'
,
.
:

(- )
( )

4.1 -

, :
i. -. Qd3 & Bc2-
.
ii. -. d4-d5-
, .
iii. Ne5xf7
...

19

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3.

1. 4.1.1
- -
.
...

Bf1xc4
Bf1-c4-b3-c2
, Qd1-d3, e2, Qd1-e2-d3.
, e4
b1.
h7 Nf6
o ,
Bc1 g5.

20

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3.

g7-g6. '

.
3.5 Reshevsky,Samuel Fischer,Robert James :

21

, ,

3.

Bg5 Nf6 g7-g6
.
.
- -
3.3 Botvinnik,Mikhail - Vidmar,Milan Sr

' h7 d3
h3. c4 b3
c2 .
sos...

,
.

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22