_I

IL-----.
_
------------------------------------------.~------------------------------------~
,----------I

EXAMS OFFICE
USE ONLY

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s)

I CIV~_T4_0_1_0

Course or topic name(s)

Paper Number & title

I_HYD
__ RA_U_L_I_C_E_N_G_IN_E_E_RI_N_G

-----.~

-::--::~..__r_d'j
/"

ExaminationlTest* to be held during

month(s) of (delete as applicable)

Year of Study

(Arts & Science leave blank)

Degree/Diplomas for which

This course is prescribed
(BSc (Eng) should indicate which branch)

00}%~
On)

!MAY2009

~-1-'Y)o----;--~__

~
I

~=~_J

FOURTH

BSc(Eng)

)'VI

&~~ ~J

I------------------------~

Faculty/ies presenting candidat -s

Internal examlner(s) and

Telephone extension number(s)

I PROF.

x 77115

C S JAMES

External examiner(s)

Special materials required

(graph/music/drawing
paper, maps,
diagrams, tables, computer cards, etc.)

Time allowance

L
Course
No(s)

lnstructions to candidates
may VViS;l to U53 ~~ii3space
to indicate, inter alia the contribution
made by:' is exa-unattor: or t'~st towards
(Examiners

A. TSWER A~.JL QUESTI'

the ye~ - ._--'-I- if aoproor.a:e)

),

._-----------'

Hours

ICIVN4010

NS

._------'
--l
.C_--l

QUESTION

A channel on a slope of 0.0007 has a triangular cross section with 45 side slopes and a lining
with k, = 0.6 mm. Determine the discharge in this channel when the flow depth is 0.5 m.
(10)

QUESTION

Discuss the factors that affect flow resistance in natural rivers.

(5)

QUESTION 3
A long, concrete-lined canal has a rectangular cross section with a width of 2.0 m. A short,
smooth hump is built in the canal, with its highest point 1.0 m above the bottom of the canal.
At a certain discharge the flow depth on the top of the hump is 0.60 m and a hydraulic jump
occurs a short distance downstream of the hump. Determine
a.

the longitudinal slope of the canal, and

b.

the force exerted on the hump.

(10)

QUESTION 4
A long, concrete-lined (n = 0.013), rectangular canal is 4.0 m wide and has a slope of 0.008.
At one location the canal contracts smoothly over a distance of 2.0 m to a width of 3.2 m, and
then expands smoothly over a distance of 2.0 m back to 4.0 m width. A further 15.0 m
downstream there is a smooth hump 0.8 m high, rising and falling over a total distance of 1.0
m.

If the discharge is 42.0 m3/s, determine the flow depths at the centre sections and immediately
upstream and dov..TIstream of the two features. You may assume no friction losses through
and between the features.

(L)

~.

("i

/
~1 __/0_4_/_20_1_0
__

1 I~

University of the Witwatersrand,

EXAMS OFFICE
USE ONLY

Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s)

Course or topic name(s)

Paper Number & title

I HYDRAULIC

Examinationrfest*
to be held during
month(s) of (*delete.asapplicable)

I April

Year of Study (Arts & Scienceleaveblank)

I FOURTH

Degree/Diplomas
for which
This course is prescribed

iBSC(Eng)

CIVN4010

ENGINEERING

1, 2010

(BSc (Eng) should indicate which branch)

Faculty/ies presenting

candidates

IENGINEERING
I PROF.

Internal examiner(s) and

Telephone extension number(s)

AND THE BUILT ENYmONMENT

x77136

A.E. TAIGBENU

External examiner(s)

Special materials required

(graph/music/drawingpaper, maps,
diagrams,tables,computercards, etc.)

L-CN_oO_~~~~: -LIC_I_VN
__ 4_0_1_0

Time allowance

Instructions to candidates
(Examiners may wish to use this space
to indicate, inter alia, the contribution
made by this examination or test towards
the year mark, if appropriate)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Internal Examiners or Heads of Department are requested

to sign the declaration

overleaf

1~

~I_H_o_u_r
__
s

"'+----------."""'-----~-C--1000

Figure Q3
Question 4
Indicate the flows in the branch pipeline system in Fig. Q4 after carrying
iteration in the analysis of the flows in the pipelines connected to 4 reservoirs
elevations of H1=150m, H3=120m, Hs=80m and H6=40m. Use the head loss
hL = KQ2, where the values of K for all the pipes are found in Table Q3

out One
at water
equation
and the

dimension of Q is m3is. For your calculations, take the initial values of hydraulic head at
junction 2 to be 122m and that at junction 4 to be 78.3m.

(15 marks)

LSD
1---"0----; 1
3

, '2..-0

Figure Q4
. fICS f or Q ues fIon
T a ble Q4 p'rpe Ch arac t ens
12
23
24
Pipe
4
2
4
Length (km)
450
450
Diameter, D (mm)
600
540
620
240
K values

4
45
2
450
560

46
4
250
800

Question 1
A 450mm-diameter pipeline that is 6km long is laid between 2 reservoirs with water
surface elevations of 105m and 82m. To increase the capacity of the line, a 300mmdiameter pipeline is laid parallel to the original line. What length of 300mm pipeline is
required to increase the total discharge by 20% from the upper reservoir? Assume
friction factor of 0.015 for the 450mm pipe and il.02,for the 300mm pipe. Neglect minor
losses.
.
(15 marks)

Question 2
Two identical pumps are installed in a pumping station, with one being on standby. The
static head over which water is delivered is 20m. Given the pump and frictional and
minor loss characteristics in Table Q2, determine the discharge of a single pump in
operation.
Table Q2
Discharge (lIs)

20

40

60

80

Pump Head (m)

50

45

33

19

Efficiency (%)

65

69

40

20

Pipe frictional and minor losses (m)

1.0

4.0

10.0

22.5

To meet increased future demand, both pumps have to be brought into continuous
operation. Investigate the relative suitability of arranging the two pumps in series and in
parallel so as to provide the increased flow. Justify your choice of arrangement.
(15 marks)
Question 3
Analyze for the flows in the water distribution network shown in Fig. 03 using the initially
assumed flows specified in litres/sec. The head loss for all pipes is given by the HazenWilliams relationship:
hL = KQ2, where hL is in metres, Q in m3/s and K values are
presented

in Table 03. (Indicate

the flows in the network after 1 iteration

of the

analysis.)
(15 marks)
. fICS
T a bl e Q3 P'ipe rme Ch arac t ens
Pipeline
AB
BC
BD
CD
AD
AE
CE

Length (m)

Diameter (mm)

500

300

35

400
400

200
200

300

200

60
60
45

350
600

300

30

300
200

40
70

600

\
N_______
B rancn n lDellue example wnn _.
Eps
0
Re
(rnrn)
Q (\/s)
(mm)
L (km)
#
0.15 #
350
10
0.\5
#
#
4
200
0.15 #
#
5
150

I-I (pump)
(m)

Hres
2360
15493
81)-07

100
60
50

Hj (rn)
90
90
90

f
0.015
0.015
0.015

(rn)

0
0
0

head loss
(m)
10
-30
-40

.-

0.15
0.15

65.1
-44.0

236813
280143

0.0183
0.0197

2876
20375

100
60

89.8
89.8

0.0
0.0

10.2
-29.8

59.7
-38.2

ISO

0.15

-22.1

187926

0.0213

115808

50

89.8

0.0

-39.8

-18.5
2.9

.2X
l.47
7.5X

10
4
5

350
200
150

0.15
0.15
0.15

59.7
-38.2
-18.5

217141
243283
157269

0.0]84
0.0199
0.0215

2898
20548
117187

100
60
5~

90.5
90.5
90.5 '

0.0
0.0
0.0

9.5
-30.5
-40.5

57.2
-38.5
-18.6
0.0

6.04
6
0.1\6
7.7()

Pipe
Ij
2j
3j

1j
2j
3j

1j
2j
3j

ith P

10
4
5

0
(rnm)
350
200
150

10
4
5

350
200
150

L (krn)

10
4
5

350
200
150

...

Hres
(m)

Eps
(rnrn)

0.15
0.15
0.15

0.15
0.15
0.15

0.15
0.15
0.15

Q (lis)
#
#
#

65.1
-44.0
-27.8

63.5
-37.3
-23.7

Re
#
#
#

236813
280143
235845

230950
237723
201348

f
0.015
0.015
0.015

2360
15493
81607

0.0183
0.0197
0.0210

2876
20375
114293

0.0183
0.0199
0.0212

2882
20579
115321

()

.'

O.X
O.X
O.X

00
0.0
0,0

J-"

() .'
() "

5X3

350
200

h nineli

I h'1 II

I. ')

10
4

<.>/1 II
Q (lis)
I
65.1
I II /
-1\/1.0
). "I ')
-22.1
c--._.
X."i
\
-1.0
-

I:-Jj (m)
90
90

100
60

C3.

89.1
89.1
89.1

100
60
50

cJ

'6

e.

I )e I II
I (,
I (,
- I ,()

65.1
-44.0
-27.8
-6.7

(J.5 I

0.0
0.0
25.9
,

11.6
-28.4
-64.3

63.5
-37.3
-23.7
2.4

5.I\X

oI

I .'j I

O. I
0:/

0.0
0.0
26.8

10.9
-29.1
-65.9 ~

.'

G 1.5
-37JJ
-21.()

"0

Q Ihl

10
-30
-63

88.4
88.4
88.4

100
60
50

Q (lIs)

(rn)

0
0

head
loss

H
(pump)
(m)

0.0

1.1\7

0.1\/1
IUI~.

o. 1"1
7.1 (,

(J,O
()O

(JO

_//_11_-

EXAMS OFFICE
USE ONLY

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s)

I CIVN4010

Course or topic name(s)

Paper Number & title

I HYDRAULIC

ENGINEERING

Examination/+e&t*
month(s) of (delete

I SEPTEMBER

2010

Year of Study

to be held during
as applicable)

(Arts & Science leave blank)

Degree/Diplomas for which

This course is prescribed
(BSe (Eng) should indicate which branch)

Faculty/ies presenting candidates

I FOURTH
I BSc(Eng)
I ENGINEERING

PROF. C S JAMES
PROF. A E T AIGBENU

Internal examiner(s) and

Telephone extension number(s)

External examiner(s)

Special materials required

(graph/music/drawing
paper, maps,
diagrams, tables, computer cards, etc.)

Time allowance

& THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

x 77115
x 77136

I MR F GIBBONS

GRAPH PAPER

Course
No(s)

CIVN4010

Hours

Instructions to candidates
(Examiners may wish to use this space
to indicate, inter alia, the contribution
made by this examination or test towards
the year mark, if appropriate)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Internal. Examiners or Heads of Department are requested

to sign the declaration overleaf

QUESTION 1
Evaluate the more suitable arrangement of two identical pumps either in series or in parallel
so that the combined flow is no less than 100 litres/s. The pumps are expected to deliver
water from a ground reservoir with water level of 2 m to a reservoir with water level of 46 m
through a 600 mm pipe that is 4 krn long. Each pump characteristics is presented in Table Q 1
and the pipe friction and minor losses given as hL

KQ2 , where hL is in metres, Q in m3 Is

and K = 420, calculate the discharge and the power requirement of the pump.
Table Ql
Discharge (lis)
0

Head (m)
45

Efficiency (%)

40

52
44

65

80
120

70
58
40

36
18

160

(12)

QUESTION

Analyze the water distribution network shown in Fig. Q2 (i) using the initially assumed flows
specified in litres/sec. The pump along BC has the characteristics presented in Fig. Q2 (ii).
The head loss for all pipes to be given by the Hazen-Williams relationship:
3

hL is in metres, Q is in m Is, and K

hL

t;;;.

AB
BC
CD
DE
BE
EF
AF

KQ2, where

values can be found in Table Qf2Carry

calculations for 1 iteration and indicate the pipe flows after that iteration.
is the pump being operated? Estimate the power requirement of the pump. .

Pipeline

Table Q2: Pipeline Characteristics

Diameter (mrn)
Length (m)
500
500
800
800
600
700
700

450
300
300
250
300
300
450

<gfL
K

50
100
190
180
120
160
70

out your

what efficiency

900

500

__~

------~D

500

1600

Fig. Q2 (i)

Head-Discharge

- --

50

--

Efficiency-Discharge

40

80

7S ",.y:)

30

>o
70 c

Q)

'u
ti=

w
i
I

20

'!-.

200

400

600

60

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Discharge (lIs)

Fig. Q2 (ii)
(14)

QUESTION
(a)

Express the first-order differential equations which govern the surge phenomenon in a
pipeline by the explicit finite difference scheme.
What are the limitations of the
explicit finite difference solution scheme?
(4)

(b)

A surge tower 10 metre diameter is situated at the end of a 6 km long, 3 metre diameter
tunnel. A steady discharge of 48 m3 Is to the turbines is suddenly stopped by the turbine
inlet valve. If the Darcy friction factor of the tunnel is 0.022 and the minor loss
coefficient is 4.0 (relative to the velocity head in the pipeline), carry out 2 steps of
calculation, using a time step of 5 seconds (i.e. times of 5 and 10 seconds), to estimate
the water elevation in the surge chamber and the velocity in the pipeline.
(10)

QUESTION 4
The channel shown in longitudinal section below has a Manning's n value of 0.013 and may
be assumed to be wide. Reaches between all possible control features are sufficiently long for
uniform flow conditions to become established.
Sketch the water surface profile and classify all nonuniform reaches.
Calculate flow depths at all control points and hydraulic jumps.

So = 0.0002

(25)
QUESTION 5
A rectangular, concrete-lined (n = 0.013) channel has a width of 5.0 m and a slope of 0.005.
When the discharge is 45 m3/s the flow depth at a particular location is 2.60 m. Determine
the flow depth 50 m upstream from this location. (If nonuniform flow computations are
required, do these using the Standard Step Method with one step for anyone profile).
(25)

~0)
/./

QUESTION

\}

Sketch and explain the form of the rating curve for a siphon spillway.
(10)