Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
BONTOC/BONTOK
8. GADDANG
Plan:
- Built on upright posts of about 1.00 - 2.00 m above the
ground with split bamboos as its flooring material
- Furniture are absent since eating, sleeping and any
mode of living are done on the floor
- The only furniture in the house is one or two trunks used
for storing valuables.
Structural Elements:
- Upright tree trunks are used as main support of the
house while walls are made of either split, plaited or
upright bamboo covered with grass
Protective Elements:
- From a central horizontal beam acting as ridge pole, cogon thatching arches all the way
downward to the level of the floor
10. IBALOY
Environmental Situation: Mountains of Benguet
Plan:
- House for the poor folks are built directly on the ground, covered with cogon grass thatching
and are provided with very small door opening in order to contain the heat within
- For well-to-do families, dema houses containing a bedroom, dining room, kitchen, a
discussion room and a storage room are built above the ground. In order to keep the house
warm, wooden planks are used for the flooring
- Ibaloy of Takdian built one-room houses. It has enclosed kamparan used or pounding rice
and for cooking. This enclosure stands directly on the ground which contains two stoves used
separately for preparing the familys food and that of the pigs
- The house is devoid of furniture
- House corners usually contains weapon, blankets, bakong clothes container, saraw jar and
working implements of the household head
- Pieces or furniture are generally absent in the Takdians house. Stool made from blocks of
wood
- Built-in bed of 2 wide and elevated 6 from the floor is permanently nailed in the corner of the
house
Structural Elements:
- Pine wood, numbering four to six or more is used as posts for the structure
- The floor is elevated about less than a meter above the ground by posts made of mature pine
or tribangdal fern wood
Protective Elements:
- Ceilingless, the Takdian roof is made of dema
Circulatory Elements:
- Stair is provided while doors and windows is provided for circulation
- Takdian house is windowless. A door which generally faces east or the north is provided
11. IBANAG
Environmental Situation: Lowland of Isabela
Plan:
- The house is built elevated about a meter or more from the ground
- Living room is converted into a bedroom at night
- Houses with an altar room
- Storage room for rice, corn and tobacco
- Batalag or porches located at the front is used by the family for relaxation and at rear is used
as an open-air bathroom and as washing and laundry area
Structural Elements:
- The house is supported by posts of sturdy wood
- The wall is made of split bamboo
Protective Elements:
- Roof covering is usually made of cogon or nipa
- The batalag porches are not roofed
12. IFUGAO
13. ILOKANO
- Types of flooring:
a. Datar made of small and thin strips of bamboo tied together with almost no spacing in
between them.
b. Basar made of large strips of bamboo tied together with large spacing in between the
laths and woven bamboo is placed over it.
- Kalapaw:
- A small and low hut consists of the following :
a. Porch used as an ante room and sleeping area during siesta hours especially
during summer months
b. Main room largest areas, it is use for entertaining guests, sleeping area for
the household members and storage space for family treasures and personal
belongings
- A curtain hanging from a wire is drawn during the night to separate the sleeping area
of the women from the men.
a. Dining room by the house members only. A low table called dulang is
provided where the family eats. No chairs are needed in as much as the
members of the family squat while eating. It is also used for storing various
utensils, condiments and the earthen jar containing the drinking water.
b. Kitchen 4 to 6 lower than the dining room, this is used for cooking food and
for washing dishes and pots
c. Sirok (silong) used as storage space, often fenced by bamboo slats with nipa
or cogon sheathing
- The main room is furnished with a bamboo bench and usually with an antique cabinet, a
family heirloom which is the centerpiece of the room
Structural Elements:
- The main posts are buried into the ground and are attached to the tie
- Beams through the mortise and tenon system of construction
- Supplementary used as braces to prevent the house from leaning
- Split bamboos are used for walling
Protective Elements:
- Bamboos called balatbat are used for purlins
- A single roof covers the whole house including the batalan and the kitchen, but in some
instances, the kitchen and the batalan have separate roofs
- Thatching is made of by placing bamboo laths covered with layers of nipa and cogon placed
on top of the rafters
- The roof ridge is placed over the main room which allows a spacious ceiling height and the
slopes towards the sides which provides a low ceiling height to the rest of the house slopes
towards the sides which provides a low ceiling height to the rest of the house
Circulatory Elements:
- The main door and stairs of the pinagong house are located in such a way that one can enter
either the kitchen or the house proper.
- The bamboo door and windows of the Ilokano house slide by means of a horizontal bamboo
placed above them
- The sliding window may also be propped up by using bamboo placed above them
- The sliding window may also be propped up by using a bamboo pole cut into a desired length
and placed in a slanting position with one end resting on the window sill and the other end
supporting the lower edge of the window frame
- The kalapaw has a single door opening located at main room
- The porch provided with low ladder opens to the entry
- Windows are provided only at the main room and are two types
a. Sliding sashes
b. Awning types
14. ILONGOT
Plan:
- Communal type of house allows several families within the structure but partitions are not
provided to separate each family
- Its flooring made of rattan strips usually elevated 5 from the ground
- At the center of the floor is a 25sq.ft to
225sq.ft floor space sunk 6 below the
floor line. On one side of this sunken area
are apportioned spaces for sleeping for
each family. The elevated remaining
spaces of 4-5 wide are used as fireplaces
and storage spaces per family
- The underneath portion is used to house
pigs and chicken
- Skulls of animals are used as decorations
Structural Elements:
- Wooden posts are used as structural supports
- Walls may be built either low and open at the upper part or high and entirely closed above
Protective Elements:
- Roof made of thatched roof is of sloping pyramidal type on top of which is a short ridge
- At both ends of the ridge are projecting wood which curve upward simulating a pair of horns
Circulatory Elements:
- Stairs is a single notched pole leading to a single main door
- The clerestory above the low wall provides ventilation to the house.
Plan:
- Elevated at 1.5m above the ground
- Binuron
A single-room rectangular structure
designed with three levels
The lowest level called datag or
xassaran is located at the center of
the room
Tamuyon is the immediate level
platforms that occupy three sides of
the floor proper
Tarakip the highest level located
on the remaining side of the house
At the rear corner of the datag is the
hearth with a stove consisting of
three stones. Hanging from the
rafters above the hearth is a three-
shelf sideboard
- House flooring is a removable reed mat made of solid rattan stems or bamboo grass tied
together with rattan strips placed atop the floor joists which in turn are supported by girders
- Ornaments are ancestral weapons, porcelain jars and plates belonging to the Ming or Sung
dynasty
Structural Elements:
- Fifteen post of heavy hardwood are used as supports to the house. The posts are distributed
in the following manner:
a. Sinit posts six of these support the datag and two support the tarakip
b. Adixi posts six of these support the roof
c. Atobtobo a single post supporting the ridgepole
- Walls slanting outwards toward the top made of wooden panel boards that are rabetted to the
upper and lower wall beams
Protective Elements:
- Gable roof, which covers the main house and the lean-to roof, which covers the tarakip is
made of bamboo and cogon grass thatching
- Roof framing which is a separate framework from the floor, consists of six posts rising from
the ground but placed outside the floor posts
- Arched rafters which allow the roof to look like an ogival arch outside
- Purlins made of closely knit canes to which layers of cogon grass are attached
Circulatory Elements:
- Approach to the house is through a wooden stair, usually located on one end of the side wall,
which leads to a door
- No fixed window openings since wall construction system allow occupants to remove few
wallboards in case air is needed for the interior
Environmental Situation: Slope of cliffs and villages built along the sides and tops of rocky hills of
Batanes Island. Batanes is the location of ancient known as Ijang.
Plan:
- Stand directly on the ground to withstand strong winds or typoons
- The dwelling is made up of two houses:
a. The rakuh (big house) consist of the
living room and sleeping quarters
b. The kusina (kitchen)
Structural Elements:
a. Walls made of lime and stone, are
sometimes embedded with wooden
reinforcement in order to resist the effect of
strong earthquake.
b. Reinforcement run from the base up to the
roof frame
Circulatory Elements:
a. Doors and windows are provided in the rakuh house but the wall facing the direction of the
strongest winds and left solidly closed.
17. KALINGA
Environmental Situation: Steep mountain slope of the Cordillera
Plan:
- Either rectangular or octagonal
- Octagonal form is called binayon or
finaryon
- Attic as granary
- Elevated fireplace is found at the left rear
side of the house
- Working space at ground level near the
entrance
- Floor rising at about 1.50m above the
ground
- Dattagon a central area with slightly
elevated floor on all sides called sipi
Structural Elements:
- 12 posts used as supports to the binayon house
- Lower part of the wall is made of plaited bamboo or sawali
Protective Elements:
- Hipped roof and thatched with reeds
- Four tall posts carry two crossbeams which support the queen post
- Rafters maybe arched to produce a vaulted interior
- The ridge is covered by bubong thatch
Circulatory Elements:
- Approach to the house is through ladder
- Doors are provided at the front and at the rear
18. KANKANAY
Plan:
- Traditional kankanay house is called binangiyan
- Single-room dwelling elevated at 1.5m from
the ground
- Interior space is used for sleeping, cooking,
eating and storage of utensils and valuables
- Underneath the roof and above the hearth is
an attic which serves as a granary
- Space underneath the house is not enclosed,
it used for activities like basket weaving,
kitchen utensils making, sewing cloth or
cutting firewood. Space also used for entertaining guests and as family room. Pigs and
chickens may be kept in a corner
- Flooring is made of hardwood like narra rests on three floor joists
- Underneath the overhanging eaves, jaw bones and skulls of butchered pigs are displayed for
the visitors to see
Structural Elements:
- The house is supported by four or more wooden posts to which the floor framing is attached
- Walls made of hardwood, slant outwards at the top
- Wall boards are rabetted to the transverse beam above
Protective Elements:
- Pyramidal in form, is mortised to the four corners of the slanting walls
- High and pointed, it is thatched with runo, pudong and cogon grass
- Eaves of the roof extends downward to about 1.20m above the ground, as a result, the roof
covers or conceals the house walls
Circulatory Elements:
- Detachable bamboo stair placed at the entrance is used to access to the house
- When Kankanay leaves the house, the stair is removed and placed crosswise against the
closed sliding door
- Windows are not provided except for a small opening above the door which serves as an
outlet for the smoke coming from the hearth.
23. MANGYAN
Plan:
- A communal house
- A one-room structure elevated from the
ground measures 6.00x10.00 and
rectangular in plan
- Palaganan a passageway leading from the
main door
Visitors may sleep along the
palaganan but most of the time
as an extra storage space.
- Flooring made of large logs with rattan
lashing
- Individual families are not separated from
one another by partition, rather, their space
allotment is defined by a mat spread on the floor and they have individual fireplace.
Structural Elements:
- Walls are made of bark of trees constructed a meter or less above the floor
Protective Elements:
- Gabled roof with cogon grass thatching
- Roof eaves project 1.00m beyond the wall
Circulatory Elements:
- Ladder of four steps leads to a narrow door which in turn leads to the palanan.
- No windows, openings are provided through space between the flooring and the underneath
surface of the wall.
30. TINGGIAN
Plan:
- House is elevated from the ground with floors made of wooden boards
- Wall boards are ornamented with carvings of eyes, noses and mouths to form figures of
human faces
Structural Elements:
- Posts and walls are made of wood
- Walls are usually with peepholes to allow house occupants to see people or things outside
without them being seen
Protective Elements:
- Roofs is made of several layers of runo grass(found in the innermost): Thatch; facing each
other and placed one over the other and well packed thatch (found in the outermost)
34. TAGBANUA
Environmental Situation: Coastal and near-Coastal plains and valleys of Central Palawan
Plan:
- Elevated on stilts about 8 high
- Usually made of eight levels, each corresponds
to certain function such as entrance, cooking or
hearth, dining, sleeping and various levels for
storage.
- The highest level usually contains storage
space for pillows and blankets
Structural Elements:
- Since there are various floor levels partitions
are unnecessary
Circulatory Elements:
- Entire house do not have windows