- Is the fundamental unit of life deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - All living things are made up of cells - All cells come from preexisting cell III. Nucleolus - Cells can either be unicellular or - It consists of ribonucleic acid multicellular (RNA) which is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomes 3 Fundamental Parts Organelles in the cytoplasm a. Cell Membrane - It regulates the passage of A. Mitochondria materials into and out of the - It can harness energy by cell. breaking down food molecules b. Cytoplasm to make adenosine triphosphate - It consists of a thick semi-fluid (ATP), which is the main carrier aggregate of chemical of energy in cells compounds called cytosol. B. Ribosomes c. Nucleus - It receives coded message from - It is known as the control center DNA as to kind of protein to be of the cell. synthesized or produced - It regulates and coordinates all C. Endoplasmic Reticulum the activities of the cell. - It is usually the site for fat metabolism and specializes in 2 Types of Cell according to nucleus the transport of lipids structure D. Golgi Apparatus - It is involved in modifying, 1. Prokaryotic sorting and packaging - Lacks a nuclear membrane - Nuclear materials occupy a macromolecules for secretion or space in the cell called the for delivery to other organelles E. Lysosomes central body or nucleoid - Known as digestive sacs in the 2. Eukaryotic - It has a nuclear membrane cell - It contains numerous hydrolytic which encloses its nuclear or digestive enzymes for the materials breakdown of carbohydrates, 3 Parts of Nucleus proteins and fats within the cell - They play a role in the I. Nuclear Membrane destruction or repair of - Unlike cell membrane, it has defective parts of the cell nuclear pores which serve as F. Peroxisomes pathways for the exchange of - Membrane-bound vesicles materials between the nucleus which contain oxidative and the cytoplasm enzymes II. Nucleoplasm - They have enzymes for - It consists of nucleoproteins, oxidizing certain organic granules and fibrils molecules resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide G. Vacuoles which is a toxic substance - It either serves as storage of - It is responsible for converting water and food, or for excretion hydrogen peroxide into water of waste materials and oxygen