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Hans Kenneth F. Broce

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Catherine S. Canghagas
Merabel B. Lagos

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Justin T. Maasin
Conielyn M. Mondido

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Patricia Ann F. Palencia
Nelia L. Soliquez

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 Curriculum for the 21st Century Teaching and Learning
Introduction

According to www.21st Century Schools, 2008, education should be

bold that breaks away from the mold. It will be flexible, creative,
challenging and complex.

This special topic will most likely describe the curriculum in the current
century. The scenario is based on the global education trends as influenced
by the current and future worldwide needs developments.

The Context:

Some of the emerging factors or conditions frequently mentioned in

various fora, discussion, dialogues that will shape the curriculum of the
century include the following:

1. Globalization of economies where power is centered in Asia with China

leading
2. Dependence on international markets that need global perspectives
from entrepreneurs and workers
3. Increased concern and positive actions about environment
degradation, water and energy shortage, global warming, pandemics
(AIDS, flu, others)
4. Nations competing for power blocks
5. Internationalization of employment due to increased global migration,
increased opportunities for working overseas, greater need to have
multinational work teams
6. Science and technology edge as drivers of gaining economic edge
7. The knowledge economy as the generator of most wealth and jobs

The 21st century curriculum would depend on an integrative approach

one that unites core academic subjects, interdisciplinary themes, essential
skills in which modern pedagogies, technologies, resources and contexts,
work-together to prepare students for modern life.

DISCUSSION

A. Emerging Curricula for the 21st Century Learners

Curricularists say that the 21st Century curricula should be inspiring
and challenging for both the teachers and learners. ACARA in 2012
mentions the following characteristics of a curriculum:
1. Local, national, global
 2. Research driven
3. Co-development
4. Multi-cultural
5. Sustainable

Curriculum Blueprint for the 21st Century

A curriculum blueprint is a tool that guides curriculum makers and

users in their journey to achieve the goal.
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The Learner

Learning activities are arranged to

help all learners meet the
curriculum and achieve well.

Perkins in Jacobs (1989) mentioned that a curriculum must go beyond

content knowledge with strong emphasis on the 21 st century skills.
Assessment is authentic and requires real-world audiences.

The Global Classroom

Comparison of the 20th Century Classroom and the 21st Century Classroom

20th Century Classrooms 21st Century Classrooms

Teacher-centered, fragmented
curriculum, learners working in
isolation, memorizing facts
Time-based
Focus on memorization of discrete
facts
Lesson focus on lower level of
Blooms Taxonomy: knowledge,
comprehension and application
Textbook-driven
Passive learning
Learners work in isolation-classroom
within four walls
Teacher-centered: Teacher is the
dispenser of information.
Problem of discipline
Little to no student freedom
Fragmented column
Low expectations
Teacher is the sole judge.
Curriculum is irrelevant to learners
Pencil and paper is the primary
vehicle od learning and assessment.
Diversity of learners is ignored.
Literacy in the 3 Rs: Reading, riting,
rithmetic
Factory model, based upon the needs
of employers of the 19th century
scientific management.
Driven by standard testing Standard testing has its place.
Multiple ways of assessment of
Learner-centered, integrated
curriculum, learners working
together, understanding facts
Outcome-based
Focus on What students Know, can
DO, and are Like after all the details
are forgotten
Learning is design on upper levels of
Blooms Taxonomy: analysis,
evaluation and synthesis; considers
Multiple Intelligences and Emotional
Quotient
Research-driven
Active learning
Learners work collaboratively with
classmates and others around the
world, borderless and global
Student-centered: Teacher is the
facilitator, coach, and guide at the
side.
Students and teachers mutually
respect each other.
Great deal of student freedom
Integrated and interdisciplinary
High expectations to succeed
Self, peer and other assessment
Curriculum is connected to students
interests, experiences, talents and
the real world.
Performance, products and multiple
forms of media are used for learning
and assessment.
Curriculum addresses learners
diversity.
Multiple literacies of the 21st century-
aligned to living and working in a
globalized new millennium.
Global model based upon the needs
of a globalized, high tech society
 learning and for learning

The critical attributes of the 21st century curriculum and education are:

Integrated and interdisciplinary

Global classrooms/globalizations
Student-centered
Research-driven
Technologies and media
21st Century Skills
Relevant, rigorous and real world
Adapting to and creating constant personal and social change and
lifelong learning

B. Skills for the 21st Century Learners and Teachers

Learners and teachers should embrace the necessary skills to address
the need of the millennium. These include:
1. Literacy
2. Numeracy
3. Information and communication technology competence
4. Ethical behavior
5. Personal and social competence
6. Intercultural understanding

Multi-literacies embrace overacting clusters that would address the

different life skills. These include:

Media literacy
Financial literacy
Arts and creativity
Ecoliteracy
Cyberliteracy
Physical fitness and health literacies
Globalization and multicultural literacies
Social/emotional literacies

8 Skills required for learners of the 21st Century:

gather, analyze, and synthesize information

work independently to a high standard with minimal supervision
lead others through influence
be creative and turn such creativity into action
think critically and ask the right questions
 understand others perspectives and the entirety of the issue
communicate effectively using technology
work ethically, firmly based in both the society and the planet as a
whole

These were renamed as Survival Skills by Tony Wagner (2006) in his

book, The Global Achievement Gap as:

1. critical thinking and problem solving

2. collaboration across networks and leading by influence
3. agility and adaptability
4. initiative and entrepreneurship
5. effective oral and written communication
6. accessing and analyzing information
7. curiosity and imagination

On the other hand, the 21st Century skills set by Singapore Ministry of
Education, (MOE) points to the following clusters:

Cluster of 21st Century Skills for Teachers and Learners

Cluster of Skills for the 21st Century

Learning and Innovation Skills
Knowledge, Information, Media and Content Mastery
Technology Literacy Skills
Life Skills
Citizenship Skills
Specific Descriptors
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Creativity and Innovation
Oral and Written Communications
Information Literacy
Media Literacy
ICT Literacy
Flexibility and Adaptability
Initiative and Self Direction
Teamwork and Collaboration
Social and Cross-Cultural Skills
Productivity and Accountability
Leadership and Responsibility
Valuing of Diversity
Global Awareness
Ecological and Environmental
Awareness
Values, Ethics and Professionalism
 5 Frames of Thinking by Howard Gardner (2006) in his book Five Minds of
the Future:

The Disciplined Mind

The Synthesizing Mind
The Creating Mind
The Respectful Mind
The Ethical Mind

There are various research-supported approaches that have been

proven to be effective ways of enhancing learning in the curriculum.
Among the many are:

1. problem based learning (pbl)

2. cooperative learning
3. using real world context/experiential learning
4. simulations
5. re-living historical events

C. Core Values at the Heart of the 21st Century Curriculum

Singapores Ministry of Education (2012) has the following core values
in the 21st Century Curriculum:
1. Respect
2. Responsibility
3. Integrity
4. Care
5. Resilience
6. Harmony

4 core values in Basic Education Curriculum:

Maka-Diyos (pro-God)
Maka-tao (pro-man)
Maka-bayan (pro-country)
Maka-kalikasan (pro-nature)

In the current K to 12 curriculum, in Values Education, at the core are:

Respect and Truth
Love and Goodwill
Spirituality
Justice
Respect of Nature
Nationhood
Peace
EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS

The curriculum of the 21st century guides teachers and learners on how
to navigate their future. Schools must change its paradigm. Classrooms
should be designed differently. Tools and methods of teaching which have
become irrelevant and ineffective should be replaced. Teachers have to
update, enhance and develop in order to catch up with the 21st century skills.

I need to remember the following:

Concepts:

1. 21st century curriculum demands 21st century skills

2. 21st century curriculum is holistic and integrative
3. 21st century curriculum focuses on essentials and deep understanding
4. 21st century curriculum respects diversity of culture and national
boundaries and enhances sustainability
5. 21st century curriculum recognizes the five frames of the minds which
are necessary for thinking
6. 21st century curriculum develops survival skills
7. 21st century curriculum is anchored on universal core values
8. 21st century curriculum requires 21st century teachers
9. 21st century curriculum responds to globalization
10. 21st century curriculum defines education of the future

Skills:

1. 21st century skills require higher level of thinking skills, doing skills and
valuing skills.
2. 21st century skills refer to what can be utilized by both the teacher and
learners in understanding, creating and innovating.
3. Literacy in the 21st century goes beyond the fundamentals of listening,
reading, writing, speaking, and viewing but includes multi-literacies.

Values:

1. Core values are rooted in the 21st century curriculum.

2. National curriculum differs in the core values which are informed by
the countrys vision, aspiration and culture.
3. Universal core values of the 21st century curriculum transcend nations.