Piping Codes, Valve Standards and Ball Valve Selection: Ron Manson, March 2015

Piping codes, valve standards
and
ball valve selection
Ron Manson, March 2015
Valve Requirements for Piping Codes -
ASME B31.1 - Power Piping, 2014
ASME B31.3 - Process Piping, 2012
ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries, 2012
ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, 2012
All the above codes list valves as a piping component.

See sections 101.1.1, 300.2, 400.1 & 803.2 respectively
2 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

ASME B31.1 - Power Piping, 2014
Listed valves (table 126.1) -
ASME B16.34 - Valves Flanged, Threaded and Weld End

MSS SP67 - Butterfly Valves
MSS SP68 - High Pressure Butterfly Valves with Offset Design
Note: the list excludes cast iron and bronze valves
107 VALVES
107.1 General
(A) Valves complying with the standards and specifications listed in Table 126.1 shall be used
within the specified pressuretemperature ratings. Unless otherwise required in the individual
standards and specifications listed in Table 126.1, such steel valves shall be pressure tested
in accordance with MSS SP-61.
(B) Valves not complying with (A) above shall be of a design, or equal to the design, that the
manufacturer recommends for the service as stipulated in para. 102.2.2. Such valves shall
be pressure tested in accordance with MSS SP-61.
ASME B31.3 - Process Piping, 2012
Listed valves (table 326.1) -

MSS SP72 - Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends
for General Service
API 608 - Metal Ball Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding Ends
307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS

The following requirements for valves shall also be met as applicable by other pressure
containing piping components, such as traps, strainers, and separators. See also Appendix F,
paras. F301.4 and F307.
307.1 General
307.1.1 Listed Valves. A listed valve is suitable for use in Normal Fluid Service, except as
stated in para. 307.2.
307.1.2 Unlisted Valves. Unlisted valves may be used only in accordance with para. 302.2.3.
Unless pressuretemperature ratings are established by the method set forth in ASME
B16.34, pressure design shall be qualified as required by para. 304.7.2
ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems
for Liquids and Slurries, 2012
Listed valves (table 423.1.1) -
MSS SP68 - High Pressure Butterfly Valves with Offset Design
MSS SP72 - Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends
for General Service
API 600 - Steel Gate Valves - Flanged and Butt-welding Ends,
Bolted Bonnets, Twelfth Edition
API 602 - Steel Gate, Globe and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100 and
Smaller for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, 9th Ed
API 603 - Corrosion-resistant, Bolted Bonnet Gate Valves-Flanged
and Butt-welding Ends, Eighth Edition
API 6D - Specification for Pipeline and Piping Valves, 24th Ed
API 6A - Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems
for Liquids and Slurries, 2012
404.5 Valves
404.5.1 General. Steel valves conforming to standards
and specifications listed in Tables 423.1-1 and 426.1-1 may be used. These valves
may contain certain cast, malleable, or wrought iron parts as provided for in API 6D.
Cast iron valves conforming to standards and specifications listed in Tables 423.1-1
and 426.1-1 may be used for pressures not to exceed 250 psi (17 bar). Care shall be
exercised to prevent excessive mechanical loading (see para. 404.4.8.3).
Working pressure ratings of the steel parts of steel valves are applicable with the
temperature limitations of -20F (-30C) to 250F (120C) (see para. 401.2.2.4).
Where resilient, rubber-like, or plastic materials are used for sealing, they shall be
capable of withstanding the fluid, pressure, and temperature specified for the piping
system.
404.5.2 Special Valves. Special valves not listed in Tables 423.1-1 and 426.1-1 shall be
permitted, provided that their design is of at least equal strength and tightness and
they are capable of withstanding the same test requirements as covered in these
standards, and structural features satisfy the material specification and test procedures
of valves in similar service set forth in the listed standards.
ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution
Piping Systems, 2012
Listed valves (table 423.1.1) -
ASME B16.33 - Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping
Systems up to 175 psi (Sizes NPS1/2 Through NPS 2)
ASME B16.34 - Valves Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End
ASME B16.38 - Large Metallic Valves for Gas Distribution: Manually
Operated, NPS 21 .2 (DN 65) to NPS 12 (DN 300),
125 psig (8.6 bar) Maximum
API 6D - Specification for Pipeline and Piping Valves, 24th Ed
API 6A - Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution
Piping Systems, 2012
831.1 Valves and Pressure-Reducing Devices
831.1.1 Valves Without Threads. Valves shall conform to standards and
specifications referenced in this Code and shall be used only in accordance
with the service recommendations of the manufacturer.
(a) Valves manufactured in accordance with the following standards may be
used: see previous list.
(b) Valves having shell (body, bonnet, cover, and/or end flange) components
made of cast ductile iron in compliance with ASTM A395 and having
dimensions conforming to ASME B16.1, ASME B16.33, ASME B16.34,
ASME B16.38, ASME B16.40, or API 6D/ISO 14313 may be used at pressures
not exceeding 80% of the pressure ratings for comparable steel valves at their
listed temperature, provided the pressure does not exceed 1,000 psig (6 900
kPa), and welding is not employed on any ductile iron component in the
fabrication of the valve shells or their assembly as part of the piping system.
(c) Valves having shell components made of cast iron shall not be used in gas
piping components for compressor stations.
Federal Codes for Transportation of
Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline
192.145 Valves.
Link to an amendment published at 80 FR 181, Jan. 5, 2015.
(a) Except for cast iron and plastic valves, each valve must meet the minimum
requirements of API 6D (incorporated by reference, see 192.7), or to a national or
international standard that provides an equivalent performance level. A valve
may not be used under operating conditions that exceed the applicable pressure-
temperature ratings contained in those requirements.
(b) Each cast iron and plastic valve must comply with the following:
(1) The valve must have a maximum service pressure rating for temperatures that
equal or exceed the maximum service temperature.
(2) The valve must be tested as part of the manufacturing, as follows:
(i) With the valve in the fully open position, the shell must be tested with no
leakage to a pressure at least 1.5 times the maximum service rating.
(ii) After the shell test, the seat must be tested to a pressure not less than 1.5
times the maximum service pressure rating. Except for swing check valves, test
pressure during the seat test must be applied successively on each side of the
closed valve with the opposite side open. No visible leakage is permitted.
Federal Codes for Transportation of
Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline
(iii) After the last pressure test is completed, the valve must be operated through its
full travel to demonstrate freedom from interference.
(c) Each valve must be able to meet the anticipated operating conditions.
(d) No valve having shell (body, bonnet, cover, and/or end flange) components
made of ductile iron may be used at pressures exceeding 80 percent of the
pressure ratings for comparable steel valves at their listed temperature. However, a
valve having shell components made of ductile iron may be used at pressures up to
80 percent of the pressure ratings for comparable steel valves at their listed
temperature, if:
(1) The temperature-adjusted service pressure does not exceed 1,000 p.s.i. (7 Mpa)
gage; and
(2) Welding is not used on any ductile iron component in the fabrication of the valve
shells or their assembly.
(e) No valve having shell (body, bonnet, cover, and/or end flange) components
made of cast iron, malleable iron, or ductile iron may be used in the gas pipe
components of compressor stations.
[35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192-62, 54 FR 5628, Feb. 6,
1989; Amdt. 192-85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 192-94, 69 FR 32894, June
14, 2004; Amdt. 192-114, 75 FR 48603, Aug. 11, 2010]
Federal Codes for Transportation
of Hazardous Liquids by Pipeline
195.116 Valves.
Link to an amendment published at 80 FR 186, Jan. 5, 2015.
Each valve installed in a pipeline system must comply with the following:
(a) The valve must be of a sound engineering design.
(b) Materials subject to the internal pressure of the pipeline system, including
welded and flanged ends, must be compatible with the pipe or fittings to which
the valve is attached.
(c) Each part of the valve that will be in contact with the carbon dioxide or
hazardous liquid stream must be made of materials that are compatible with
carbon dioxide or each hazardous liquid that it is anticipated will flow through
the pipeline system.
(d) Each valve must be both hydrostatically shell tested and hydrostatically seat
tested without leakage to at least the requirements set forth in Section 11 of API
Standard 6D (incorporated by reference, see 195.3).
(e) Each valve other than a check valve must be equipped with a means for
clearly indicating the position of the valve (open, closed, etc.).
(f) Each valve must be marked on the body or the nameplate, with at least the
following: Not shown in this presentation
Comparison of Valve Standards API 6D vs API 608
API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 API 608, 4TH EDITION, DECEMBER 2008
API 6D INDEX
Description Sec Description Sec
This standard specifies the requirements for

metal ball valves suitable for petroleum,
petrochemical and industrial applications that
have flanged ends in sizes NPS 1/2 through
This specification defines the requirements for the NPS 20 (DN 15 through DN500); butt-welding
design, manufacturing, assembly, testing, and ends in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 20 (DN 15
documentation of ball, check, gate, and plug valves through DN 500); socket-welding ends in sizes
for application in pipeline and piping systems for the NPS 1/4 through NPS 2 (DN 8 through DN 50);
petroleum and natural gas industries. threaded ends in sizes NPS 1/4 through NPS 2
This specification is not applicable to valves for (DN 8 through DN 50).
Scope 1.1 1
pressure ratings exceeding Class 2500. Corresponding to the nominal pipe sizes in
If product is supplied bearing the API Monogram ASME B36.10M.This standard applies to metal
and manufactured at a facility licensed by API, the ball valves with pressure classes as follows;
requirements of Annex A applies. flanged ends in Classes 150, 300 and 600 (PN
Annexes B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, and O 16, 25, 40 and 100);butt-welding ends in
are annexes that are used in order listed. Classes 150, 300 and 600 (PN 16, 25, 40 and
100); socket-welding ends in Classes 150, 300,
600 and 800 (PN 16, 25, 40 and 100); threaded
ends in Classes 150, 300, 600 and 800 (PN 16,
25, 40 and 100).
Conformance 1.2
Units of measurement Addressed 1.2.1 Not addressed
Rounding Addressed 1.2.2 Not addressed
Conformance with Specification Addressed 1.3 Not addressed
Processes Requiring Validation Addressed 1.4 Not addressed

API 6D INDEX
Normative references 2 2
Terms, Definitions, Acronyms,
Abbreviations, Symbols, and 3 3
Units
Terms and Definitions 3.1
Acronyms and Abbreviations Addressed 3.2 Not addressed
Symbols and Units Addressed 3.3 Not addressed
Valves types and configurations 4
Covers Ball, Gate, Check and Plug Valves. Example
Valve types 4.1 Covers Ball Valves only (No valve Drawings) 1
of covered valve given (Valve Drawing)
Full-opening valves shall have an internal

minimum cylindrical opening for categorizing
bore size as specified in Table 1. Minimum valve
bore values given, (NPS 0.5 - NPS 60). Obturator
and seat dimensions shall meet Table 1.
For valve not covered in Table 1, the size and
Flow passageway in this standard categorized
bore shall be by agreement and the manufacture
as full bore; single reduced bore and
shall stamp the size and bore on the nameplate.
Valve configurations 4.2 double reduced bore. 5.2
Minimum cylindrical diameter for categorizing
For Reduced-opening valves:
bore size given, (NPS 0.25 - NPS 20)
- valves NPS 4 (DN 100) to NPS 12 (DN 300):
one size below nominal size of valve with bore
according to Table 1,
- valves NPS 14 (DN 350) to NPS 24 (DN 600):
two sizes below nominal size of valve with bore
according to Table 1.

API 6D INDEX
Design 5
In accordance with an internationally recognized
Design standards and design code: e.g. ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Meet the requirements of Standard Class valves
5.1 5
calculations Division 1 or Division 2; ASME B16.34; EN 12516- per ASME B16.34
1 or EN 12516-2; and EN 13445-3.
Referenced from ASME B16.34 orASME Section 5.3.
Wall Thickness 5.1 In accordance to requirements of ASME B16.34
VIII. 1
In ASME rating class. Pressure-temperature
ratings for class-rated valves is based per ASME
B16.34 and Class 400 valves is based per ASME
B16.5. Covers up to Class 2500 maximum.
NOTE: It is not required that identical material or
material form be used for body and bonnet or
cover parts. Valve rating shall be the lesser of the shell rating
Pressure-temperature ratings are based on or seat rating. Valve shell rating shall be the rating
material group of valve's end connection. Where for the shell material as listed for Standard Class
1.2,
Pressure and temperature rating the valve ends are made from material in two 5.2 in ASME B16.34. Covers up to Class 600 (Class
4
different groups, the material with the lower 150, 300, and 600) for flanged and butt-welding
pressuretemperature rating shall govern. Valves ends, and up to Class 800 (Class 150, 300, 600
with flanged end(s) shall not be designed to an and 800) for socket-welding and threaded ends.
intermediate rating due to the risk of the valve
being transferred to a different application, which
may utilize the full flange rating. Manufacturer shall
advise any limits on the design pressures and the
minimum and maximum design temperatures due
to nonmetallic parts.
International Standard, NPS sizes are stated first

followed by the equivalent DN size between
Sizes 5.3 Nominal Pipe Size covers NPS up to NPS 20" 1.2
brackets. Values given up to NPS 60" for class
150-600.

API 6D INDEX
International Standard, NPS sizes are stated first

followed by the equivalent DN size between
Sizes 5.3 Nominal Pipe Size covers NPS up to NPS 20" 1.2
brackets. Values given up to NPS 60" for class
150-600.
Ball-stem design and Contains Requirements for strength of ball to stem
Not addressed 5.5
construction connection and location of weakest part of stem
Packing glands and gland
Not addressed 5.7
bolting Requires adjustable packing glands
Values given, or per ASME B16.10 for valve sizes
not specified. Tolererances of +/- 1.5mm for NPS
10 and smaller. Tolerance of +/- 3.0mm for NPS Face to face dimensions of flanged valves & end-to-
5.3.
12 and larger. end dimensions of butt-welding end valves per
Face-to-face and End-to-end 2,
In some cases the support legs on some valve 5.4 ASME B16.10 ball valveslong or short pattern.
Dimensions 5.3.
designs may have to be extended beyond the end- End to end dimensions for threaded and socket
3
to-end dimensions to assure that the valve can be welding end valves - per manufacturers standard.
safely supported. These extensions shall be able
to be removed if required after installation.
Criteria which determine which type of operator
should be used:
1. Max. pressure differential (MPD)
2. Flow coefficient
3. Breakaway thrust or torque and the Requirements for manual operators - lever type
Valve operation breakaway travel or angle 5.5 handles and gear operators - fitted with hand 5.8
4. Valve run thrust or torque wheels are stated.
5. Max. allowable stem thrust or torque on the
valve
6. Number of turns for manually operated
valves
Pigging Purchaser specify pigging requirements 5.6 Not addressed

API 6D INDEX
Flanged ends
Specified dimensions, tolerances, and finishes, including drilling templates,
End flanges & bonnet flanges
flange facing, nut-bearing surfaces (i.e. spot facing and back facing),
- Dimensions and facing finish of end
outside diameters, and thickness (see Figure 1) shall be in accordance
flanges shall conform to ASME B16.5.
with:
- Shall be cast or forged integral with the
- ASME B16.5 for sizes up to and including NPS 24 (DN 600) except NPS 5.3.
5.7.1 body. Cast or forged flanges attached by
22 (DN 550) 8
full penetration butt-welding may be used
- MSS SP-44 for NPS 22 (DN 550)
if agreed to by the purchaser. Flanges
- ASME B16.47, Series A for NPS 26 (DN 650) and larger sizes
attached by welding -Paragraph 2.1.6
For valves with heavy wall sections, flanges with nut stops in accordance
ASME B16.34.
with Mandatory Appendix 2, Figure 2-4 (Sketch 12 or 12a) of ASME
Valve ends BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1 may be required.
Butt-welding ends
- Conforms to ASME B16.25 5.3.
Welding ends Socket-welding ends 5,
5.7.2
- Conforms to ASME B31.3, ASME B31.4, or ASME B31.8 - Conforms to ASME B16.11, minimum 5.3.
wall thicknesses shall conform to Table 4 6
of ASME B16.34
Threaded ends shall have taper pipe
Alternate valve end connections threads - ASME B1.20.1, minimum wall 5.3.
5.7.3
- specified by purchaser thicknesses shall conform to Table 4 of 7
ASME B16.34
Valve cavity relief pressure when added to the valve pressure rating shall
not exceed 133 % of the valve pressure rating at maximum specified
design temperature. To achieve a higher cavity relief pressure, the valve
shell shall be designed and tested to withstand a higher hydrostatic shell
Valve Cavity test pressure. If a relief valve fitted to the cavity is required, purchaser may Each valve shall be tested in accordance
5.8 7.3
Pressure Relief specify provisions to facilitate in service testing. External cavity relief with AP1 598
valves shall be NPS 1/2 (DN 15) or larger. Cavity relief testing and
functionality may be demonstrated by tests in H.8.2 for trunnion mounted
ball valves and gate valves. Floating ball valve functionality may be
demonstrated by agreement.

API 6D INDEX
Drilled and threaded unless otherwise specified. Tapered

threads shall be capable of providing a seal and comply with
Drain, bypass or other types of auxiliary 5.3.
Drains ASME B1.20.1; Parallel threads shall comply with ASME 5.9
connections - ASME B16.34 10
B1.20.1 or ISO 228-1. Minimum sizes shall be in
accordance with Table 2.
For sealant, lubrication, or flushing may be provided for

seats and/or stem. When provided, the injection points shall
incorporate a check valve and a secondary means of
Injection points 5.10 Not addressed
isolation for each injection point. Sealant fittings shall have a
design pressure not less than the greater of the pipeline or
piping valve rated pressure and the injection pressure.
Drain and vent lines shall:

- Have design pressure not less thn the rated pressure of
the valve on which they are installed
- Be capable of withstanding the hydrostatic shell test
Drain, vent and sealant lines pressure of the valve 5.11 Not addressed
- Be designed in accordance with a recognized design code
- Be suitable for blow down operation
Sealant lines design pressure not less than the greater of
the pipeline valve rated pressure and the injection pressure
Drain and vent block valves shall have a rated pressure

not less than the valve on which they are installed and be
suitable for blow-down operation.
Drain, Vent, and Sealant Valves 5.12 Not addressed
Block and check valves fitted to sealant injection lines shall
be rated for the greater of the pipeline valve rated pressure
& the injection pressure defined in 5.10

API 6D INDEX
Length of lever handle or the gear ratio. Efficiency
and handwheel diameter of gear operators shall be
Max force to apply the breakaway torque or thrust shall not designed so that required input force to fully open
exceed 360N. and close valve shall not exceed 360N when
Wrenches shall not longer than twice the face to face/ end to operating at maximum published torque (5.5.3). 5.8.
Handwheels and end dimension. Handwheel on manual gear operators - marked to 3,
5.13
Wrenches Levers Handwheel diameter shall not exceed 40in (1065 mm). indicate the direction of opening and/or closing. 5.8.
Spokes shall not extend beyond the perimeter of the Lever type handles parallel to ball bore (indicates ball 7
handwheel. bore position). If round or oval directed mounted
Direction of closing shall be clockwise. handwheel , means of indicating ball bore position is
included in handwheel design. Direction of closing
shall be clockwise.
Valves furnished with a lockable device that accepts
a purchaser-supplied padlock - allows the valve to be
Purchaser specification.Locking devices for check valves shall locked in both the fully open and fully closed
be designed to lock valve in open position only. Locking devices positions. 5.8.
Locking Provision 5.14
for other types of valve shall be designed to lock the valve in the Lockable device designed such that a lock with a 11
open and/or closed position. 5/16-in. (8-mm) diameter shank, not more than 4.0
in. (102 mm) long can be inserted directly through
hole(s) in lockable device and locked.
Except for check valve, position of the obturator shall not be
Position of the altered by dynamic forces of the passing flow or in the case of
5.15 Not addressed
Obturator screw operated gate valves by forces generated from internal
pressure.
Position indicator shall be in line with the pipeline when the An indication of the position of ball bore of the valve
valve is open and transverse when the valve is closed. Valves shall be integral with the valve stem. This indication 5.8.
Position Indicators 5.16
without position stops shall have provision for the verification of may be by permanent marking to the top of the stem, 8
open and closed alignment with the operator/actuator removed. or by shape of exposed stem portion.
Provided on valves which do not require mechanical force to Position stops shall be provided for both fully open 5.8.
effect a seal and/or operator and they shall be located at the and fully closed positions of valve. Position stops 5,
Travel Stops 5.17
position of the obturator in the open and closed position. integral with packing gland, gland flange or gland 5.8.
Guidance for travel stops by valve type provided in Annex
18 D. bolting shall not be used.
ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES 12
API 6D INDEX
Output of the actuator shall not exceed the stress limits of the valve
drive train permitted by 5.20.2. Actuator sizing and mounting kits
Actuator, Operators,
shall be in accordance with API 6DX. Operators, stem extensions 5.18 Not addressed
and Stem Extensions
and their interfaces shall be sealed to prevent ingress of external
contaminants and moisture.
The manufacturer shall determine the need for and verify suitability
Lifting of lifting points of the valve. The purchaser shall specify when lifting 5.19 Not addressed
points on the valve are not required.
The torsional strength of both the stem-to-
ball connection and the portion of the stem
within the pressure boundary (below top of
Design thrust or torque to be at least 2x breakaway thrust or torque. packing) shall exceed the torsional strength
Design stresses for tensile stress, shear stress (including torsional of the stem portion above the pressure
shear stress) and bearing stress shall comply with ASME BPVC, boundary (above the top of the packing) by
Section VIII. at least 10 %. The stem and the ball-to-stem
Average primary shear stress across a section loaded under design connection shall have no occurance of
conditions in pure shear, e.g. keys, shear rings, screw threads, etc., permanent deformation and failure of any 5.5.
Drive Trains 5.20
shall be limited to 0.6 Sm. part when the torque applied is equal to the 2
The maximum primary shear under design conditions, exclusive of greater of:
stress concentration at the periphery of a solid circular section in - 15 ft-lbs (20 N-m), or
torsion, shall be limited to 0.8 Sm. - twice the manufacturers maximum
The drive train shall be designed such that the weakest component published torque.
is outside the pressure boundary. The manufacturers maximum published
torque shall be based upon clean, dry air
service at the maximum differential pressure
rating of the valve.
The valve shall be designed to insure that if
Valves shall be designed to ensure that the stem does not eject
a failure occurs at the stem-to-ball
under any internal pressure condition or if the packing gland 5.5.
Stem Retention 5.21 connection or of the stem itself within the
components and/or valve operator mounting components are 1
pressure boundary, no portion of the stem is
removed.
ejected by internal pressure.
If specified, shall be per one of the following: API 6FA, API 6FD,
Fire Type-testing 5.22 Per API 607 10
API 607, or ISO 10497. 19 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES
API 6D INDEX
Valves shall incorporate an antistatic feature that insures

Soft-seated ball, plug, and gate valves shall have an
electrical continuity between the stem and body of valves
antistatic device.The electrical resistance between the
NPS 2 and between ball, stem and body of valves > NPS
obturator and the valve body and between the
2. The anti-static feature shall have electrical continuity
Antistatic Device stem/shaft and the valve body shall be measured 5.23 5.4
across the discharge path with a resistance not exceeding
using a direct-current power source not exceeding 12
10 ohms from a power source not exceeding 12VDC when
V. The resistance shall be measured on dry valves
type tested on a new, dry, as-built valve after open-close
before pressure testing and shall not exceed 10 ohm.
position cycling of the valve at least 5 times.
Defines the allowable disruptions on the flange gasket

face:
- Ring shaped radial gaps in the faces of end flanges of
flanged ball valves, located in the sealing surface of a
centered ASME B16.20 spiral-wound gasket, shall not
exceed 0.030 in. (0.75 mm); see dimension b on Figure 1.
An example of this condition is the radial gap that exists
between the outer diameter of a body insert and the inner
End Flange Face bore of the body end flange of a valve as shown in Figure
Not addressed 5.9
Interruptions B.1
- For ball valves designed with a body insert as shown in
Figure B.1, with a gasket seating face outer diameter
located within the sealing area of a centered ASME B16.20
spiral-wound gasket, the body insert flange face shall not
protrude beyond the valve body end flange face. The body
insert flange face shall not be recessed below the body
end flange face by more than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm). See
dimension a on Figure 1.

API 608, 4TH EDITION, DECEMBER
API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014
2008
API 6D INDEX
Materials 6 6
Shell per ASME B16.34. Trim, stem
Issued by the manufacturer and address the following: material
seals, body seals, and gaskets shall
grade; chemical analysis; heat treatment; mechanical properties
have properties at least equal or
(tensile); certification to report all items listed in 6.1.
better than shell material. Threaded
Material Specification Other requirements of the material specifications shall be as 6.1 6
plugs shall have same nominal
follows, if applicable: carbon equivalent (CE); Charpy impacts;
composition as shell material. Higher
hardness; testing. Pressure containing parts shall be per 5.2.
material grades may be specified by
Guidance on selection of material suppliers is given in Annex E.
purchaser.
Tensile test specimens shall be removed from a test coupon
(TC) after final heat-treatment cycle, and shall be performed per
ASTM A370 or ISO 6892-1. Minimum of one tensile test shall be
performed. All yield strengths shall be determined using 0.2 %
offset method. Results of tensile test(s) shall satisfy the
Tensile Test Requirements 6.2 Not addressed
applicable material specification requirements. Otherwise, two
additional tests on two additional test specimens (removed from
same TC with no additional heat treatment) may be performed.
The result of each of these tests shall satisfy the applicable
requirements.
All process-wetted parts, metallic and non-metallic, and
lubricants shall be suitable for commissioning fluids and service
specified by purchaser. Metallic materials to avoid corrosion and
Service Compatibility galling. 6.3 Not addressed
Elastomeric materials for valves intended for rapid gas
decompression gas service Class 600 and above to consider
explosive decompression.
All forged material(s) shall be formed using a hot-working
Forged Parts practice and heat treatment that produces a forged structure 6.4 Not addressed
throughout the material.

2008
API 6D INDEX
Materials 6 6
The chemical composition of carbon steel welding ends shall
meet the following requirements.
- The carbon content shall not exceed 0.23 % by mass.
Composition Limits 6.5 Not addressed
- The sulfur content shall not exceed 0.020 % by mass.
- The phosphorus content shall not exceed 0.025 % by mass.
- The carbon equivalent (CE) shall not exceed 0.43 %.
All carbon, alloy steels and non-austenitic stainless steel for

pressure-containing parts with design temperature below -20 F (-
29 C) shall be impact-tested using the Charpy V-notch technique
per ASTM A370/ISO 148-1. Striker of 8mm shall be used when
using ISO 148-1. Bolting material tests will meet requirement of
ASTM A320. Impact values for full-size specimens of duplex or
super duplex stainless steels are as follows:
Toughness Test a)average of three specimens: 33 ft lb (45 J) minimum;
6.6 Not addressed
Requirements b)no single specimen less than 26 ft lb (35 J);
c)Impact test temperature shall be 50 F (46 C).
Requirements for impact test results for full size specimens given
in Table 3.
If a test fails, then a retest of three additional specimens removed
from the same TC, with no additional heat treatment, may be
made, each of which shall exhibit an impact value equal to or
exceeding the required average value.
Bolting shall be intermediate strength
Carbon/low-alloy steel bolting material with hardness exceeding
as per ASME B16.5 as a minimum;
Bolting HRC 35 (HBW 321) not valid for valve applications with possible 6.7 6.3
pruchaser may specify higher grades
hydrogen embrittlement.
of bolting materials
Shall meet NACE MR0175 or ISO 15156 (all parts) or NACE
Sour Service 6.8 Not addressed
MR0103, purchaser to specify the standard to be used.

API 608, 4TH
API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 EDITION,
API 6D INDEX DECEMBER 2008
Materials 6 6
Drain Connections Threaded plugs shall be compatible with the valve body material or made from a corrosion-resistant material. 6.9 Not addressed
All heat treating of parts and TCs shall be performed with production-type equipment. "Production-type" heat-treating equipment shall be
considered equipment that is routinely used to process production parts. All heat treatment for mechanical properties shall be performed
Heat-treating Equipment
using furnaces calibrated in accordance with Annex F. Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) shall be performed with heat-treat equipment 6.10 Not addressed
Qualification
meeting the requirements specified by the manufacturer. Furnaces shall be calibrated and surveyed at least annually, records shall be
maintained for a minimum of five years.
Welding 7
Shall conform to the American Welding Society's or manufacturer's specifications. The manufacturer shall have a written procedure for
Welding Consumables storage and control of welding consumables. Materials of low-hydrogen type (including electrodes, wires and fluxes) shall be stored and 7.1 Not addressed
used as recommended by manufacturer of welding consumables to retain their original low-hydrogen properties.
Welding shall be as per ASME BPVC, Section IX, or ISO 15607, ISO 15609, and ISO 15614-1. Welders and welding operators shall be
qualified per ASME BPVC, Section IX or ISO 9606-1, or EN 287-1. All qualifications documented in PQR. PWHT performed in accordance
with applicable material specification or design code.
Welding Procedure and Weld overlay shall be as per ASME BPVC, Section IX, Articles II and III or ISO 15614-7. Chemical analysis of the weld metal shall be as
Welder/Welding per ASME BPVC, Section IX at the minimum overlay thickness as specified by manufacturer for the finished component. Weld overlay or 7.2 Not addressed
Operator Qualifications clad welding with nickel-based alloy UNS N06625, the thickness chemical composition shall meet one of the classes listed below:
Class Fe 10: iron mass fraction 10.0 % maximum; or
Class Fe 5: iron mass fraction 5.0 % maximum, when specified by the purchaser.
For all other composition, the chemical analysis of the weld overlay or clad welding shall conform to the manufacturers written specification.
On valves with design temperature below -29 C (-20 F). HAZ testing per ASME BPVC, Section IX or ISO 9606-1, ISO 15607, ISO 15609,
Impact Testing 7.3 Not addressed
ISO 15614-1, and ISO 15608. Also per ASTM A370 or ISO 148-1 using the Charpy V-notch technique.
Hardness Testing Hardness testing shall be as per NACE MR0175, ISO 15156 (all parts), or NACE MR0103. Hardness surveys shall be performed on BM, 7.4 Not addressed
WM and HAZ per NACE MR0175, ISO 15156 (all parts), or NACE MR0103,
Weld repair of forgings and plates shall not be performed to correct material defects, unless otherwise agreed. However, weld repair can be
Repair used to correct machining errors. The weld repair shall be in accordance with the applicable material standard, including any PWHT, if 7.5 Not addressed
applicable.
Repair of welds Shall be performed as per applicable design code or standard listed in 5.1. 7.6 Not addressed
Quality Control 8
Final surface (MT and PT) and ultrasonic (UT) shall be conducted after final heat treatment or postweld heat treatment. Final radiography
NDE Requirements (RT) shall be conducted after final heat treatment, unless otherwise agreed. 8.1 Not addressed
Shall be selected from the list in accordance with Annex G if specified by the purchaser.
Measuring and Test
Dimension, pressure, and temperature measuring equiptment specifications are given 8.2 Not addressed
Equipment
Qualification of
NDE personnel and welding inspector qualifications are given 8.3 Not addressed
Personnel
Excavated area examined by MT or PT methods in accordance with Annex G. Repair welds examined using the same NDE method that
NDE of Repairs 8.4 Not addressed
was used to detect the defect with a minimum of MT or PT. The final NDE activities conducted after post weld heat treatment
Weld End NDE Acceptance criteria per clauses G.24, G.26, or G.27, 8.5 Not addressed
Per MSS SP-55 as a minimum, with the following acceptance criteria:
Visual Inspection of
Type 1: none acceptable; 8.6 Not addressed
Castings
Type 2 to 12: A and B only.
Quality Specification Annex J describes the QSLs including specific requirements for NDE, pressure testing, and documentation of the manufacturing process if
8.7 Not addressed
Levels (QSLs) specified by the purchaser.
API 608, 4TH EDITION,
DECEMBER 2008
API 6D INDEX
Pressure Testing 9 7.3
Tested with seating/sealing surfaces free from sealant except where sealant is
primary means of sealing. The water temperature shall not be greater than
100 F (38 C) during the testing period. Supply pressure shall be isolated
Tested according to API
General from the valve being tested and shall be stabilized prior to the start of pressure 9.1 7.3
598
testing duration. The pressure measuring device shall be installed in the test
apparatus in such a manner that the device continuously monitors/records the
test pressure of the valve assembly.
1.1 times pressure rating for material at 100 F (38 C), no visually detectable
Stem backseat test 9.2 Not addressed
leakage permitted.
1.5 times pressure rating for material at 100 F (38 C), no visually detectable
leakage permitted.
When the valve has been designed to withstand a higher hydrostatic shell test
pressure per 5.8, the shell test pressure shall be 1.5 or more times the higher
design pressure at 100 F (38 C).
When performing a higher hydrostatic shell test and the valve is flanged, the
hydrostatic shell test shall be performed with bore sealing plugs to ensure the
Hydrostatic shell test 9.3 Not addressed
flanges are not subjected to test pressures greater than 1.5 times the valve
flange rating.
If pipe pups are to be welded to the valve as part of the final assembly, the
pressure rating of the pipe pups may be insufficient for the hydrostatic-shell
test pressure, then the pups shall be welded to the valve following the valve-
shell test and the valve and pup(s) tested at a pressure lower than the
hydrostatic shell test not to exceed the test pressure of the pipe pups.
1.1 times pressure rating for material at 100 F (38 C).

Acceptance criteria:
- Soft-seated valves and lubricated plug valves: Per ISO 5208, Rate A (no
Hydrostatic seat test 9.4 Not addressed
visible detectable leakage)
- Metal-seated valves (except check valves): Per ISO 5208, Rate D
- Metal-seated check valves: Per ISO 5208, Rate G

2008
API 6D INDEX
Subject to hydrostatic test in accordance with 9.3. Lines may be tested

Testing of Drain, Vent, and
seperately at test pressure in 9.3. The final assembly connection is 9.6 Not addressed
Sealant Injection Lines
subjected to hydrostatic test in 9.3.
Prior to packaging or shipping, each
valve shall be drained of test fluid,
Draining Valves drained/dried/lubricated before shipment where applicable. 9.7 including draining of the body cavity 9.1
area between seats and around ball,
and cavities of cored balls if used.
For non-corrosion resistant valves only. Preventative measures shall

be taken to assure no foreign material enters internal cavity of valve. Valves manufactured with shell
Corrosion-resistant valves, flange face and actuator mounting flange materials shown in ASME B16.34
Coating/Painting sealing surfaces, weld bevel ends, and exposed stems shall not be 10 Group 1 shall have lead-free rust 9.2
coated (refer to Annex L). Corrosion protection shall be provided using preventative coatings on all
the manufacturers documented requirements for flange faces, weld unmachined exterior body surfaces
bevel ends, exposed stems, and internal surfaces of valve.
Valves shall be marked in accordance with the requirements of Table

7. Certain criteria may be ommitted if size/shape limits. The nameplate
shall be attached to the valve body; however, based on valve design
The identification plate(s) shall be
the nameplate may be attached to the bonnet/cover or end connector
attached to the valve body by welding
at the option of the manufacturer. For valves smaller than NPS 2 (DN
or by pins made from same materials
50), nameplate may be attached to valve with stainless steel wire, but
Marking 11 allowed for identification plate. Per 8
may be ommitted only by agreeement. Marking on the body
ASME B16.34. Special markings
closure/end connector and bonnet/cover shall be not less than 0.25 in.
required for unidirectional valves.
(6 mm). The nameplate minimum letter size shall be 0.125 in. (3 mm)
Shall be marked as "API 608".
on valves sizes NPS 2 (DN 50) and larger. For all valves NPS 1.5 in
(DN 38) and smaller, the nameplate letter size shall be per the
manufacturer's standard.

API 608, 4TH EDITION,
DECEMBER 2008
API 6D INDEX
Drained of test fluid including

Plug, ball, and reverse-acting through-conduit gate valves shall be body cavity area between seats
shipped in the fully open position, unless fitted with a fail-to-close and around ball. If export
actuator. Other gate valve types shall be shipped with the gate in the packaging is not specified,
Preparation for Shipment fully closed position. Check valves NPS 4 (DN 100) and larger shall be 12 package to prevent damage 9
shipped with disc secured or supported. Valves shipped with stem during shipment. If specified,
extensions and without an operating mechanism shall have the annular shipped in wooden boxes or
space closed and the stem extension secured to the outer housing. crates and packed to prevent
individual valves from moving
Required documents and conditions specified. A certificate of

Documentation conformance to this specification shall be supplied together with the 13 Not addressed
valves by manufacturer.
Facility Requirements 14
Minimum Facility Requirements The assembler (see 3.1.1) shall have on-site equipment and personnel
for the Assembler Category of to perform the required processes needed to produce the products 14.1 Not addressed
Manufacturing under the scope of this specification as identified in Table 8.
Activities Applicable to an The activities for an assembler and applicable locations are given in
14.2 Not addressed
Assembler Facility Table 8.

Comparison of Valve Standards API 6D vs API 598
Per 6.4.3 of API 598: When closure testing gate, plug, and ball valves, a method of testing seat leakage shall be used that fills and
fully pressurizes the body cavity to the test pressure between the seats and the bonnet area, as applicable, with the test fluid.
NOTE
Trunnion mounted ball valves cannot be seat tested to API 598 as the cavity is required to be pressurized.
API 598 (9th EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2009) API 6D (24th EDITION, AUGUST 2014)
TEST CRITERIA Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 4500) ( Class 2500)
Required for Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug
Requirement Required for Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
Valves
Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid (viscosity Fresh water (may contain corrosion inhibitor -
Test Medium
water) antifreeze)
Temperature Range 41F - 122F (5C - 50C) 100F (38C) (Max)

For ductile iron and cast iron (Refer to Table 1)
Test Pressure x 1.5 testing pressure as per ASME B16.34
For Steel:
x 1.5 testing pressure as per ASMEB16.34
HYDROSTATIC
SHELL TEST
Test Duration See attached Table 2
No visible leakage through pressure boundary walls & fixed

Acceptance Criteria No visible leakage permitted.
body joint.

TEST CRITERIA Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 4500) Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 2500)
Requirement Applicable for gate and globe valves only. Applicable for valves with backseat features.
Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid Fresh water (may contain corossion inhibitor -
Test Medium
(viscosity water) antifreeze)
High Pressure: x 1.1 max allowable pressure

Test Pressure x 1.1 testing pressure as per ASME B16.34
Low Pressure: 60 - 100 psig
BACKSEAT
TEST
See attached Table 2

Test Duration Notes 'e' and 'f' per tables 1 & 2 are in error as a floating ball or
a butterfly valve cannot be double block bleed.
Acceptance Criteria No visible leakage permitted. No visible leakage permitted.

API 6D (24th EDITION, AUGUST
API 598 (9th EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2009)
2014)
( Class 2500)
Test Low Pressure Closure Test Low-pressure Gas Seat Testing
NPS 4 & ASME Class >

NPS 4 & ASME Class 1500; or 1500; or
NPS > 4 & ASME Class 600 NPS > 4 & ASME Class >
Ball 600
LOW Valve
PRESSURE (Floatin
CLOSURE g or
TEST Floating Trunnion Floating Trunnion
Trunion)
Required Required Required Optional

Requirement Optional

NPS 4 & ASME Class 1500 or 1500 or
Gate, NPS > 4 & ASME Class 600 NPS > 4 & ASME Class >
Plug, 600
Globe,
Check
Valve Required: Gate, Plug
Optional
Optional: Globe, Check, Lubricated Plug

( Class 2500)
Test Medium Air / Inert gas Air / Nitrogen
Type 1 / Type 2 (Pneumatic Test)

Test Pressure 60 - 100 psig Type 1: 5 - 14.5 psig
Type 2: 80 - 100 psig
LOW
PRESSURE
CLOSURE Test Duration See attached Table 2
TEST
The acceptable leakage rate for low-pressure

gas seat testing shall be:
Visible leakage through disk, behind seat rings or past shaft
Acceptance Criteria - Soft-seated: No visible leakage.
seals is not permitted. (See attached Table 3)
- Metal-seated: ISO 5208, Rate D (See attached
Table 4)

API 6D (24th EDITION, AUGUST
API 598 (9th EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2009)
2014)
Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 4500)
( Class 2500)
Hydrostatic Seat Test / High-pressure

Test High Pressure Closure Test
Gas Seat Testing

NPS 4 & ASME Class 1500; or 1500; or
NPS > 4 & ASME Class 600 NPS > 4 & ASME Class >
600
Ball
Valve Floating Trunnion Floating Trunnion
(Floating Optional
Optional
or (Required: if
(Required: if
HIGH Trunion) Optional (Required: if valves valves
valves specified
PRESSURE specified to be double block and specified to be Required
to be double
CLOSURE Requirement bleed valves.) double block Required: Hydrostatic
block and bleed
TEST and bleed Optional: Pneumatic (Gas)
valves.)
valves.)
NPS 4 & ASME Class 1500 or 1500 or
Gate, NPS > 4 & ASME Class 600 NPS > 4 & ASME Class >
Plug, 600
Globe,
Check
Valve Required: Globe, Check, Lubricated Plug Required
Optional: Gate, Plug
Hydrostatic: Fresh water (may contain

Test Medium Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid (viscosity water) corrosion inhibitor - antifreeze)
Pneumatic: Inert gas
x 1.1 testing pressure as per ASME

Test Pressure x 1.1 max allowable pressure at 100F
B16.34
Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 4500)
( Class 2500)
Hydrostatic: Fresh water (may contain corrosion

Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid (viscosity
Test Medium inhibitor - antifreeze)
water)
Pneumatic: Inert gas
Test Pressure x 1.1 max allowable pressure at 100F x 1.1 testing pressure as per ASME B16.34
HIGH
PRESSURE Hydrostatic Seat Test:
CLOSURE
TEST
Test Duration See attached Table 2
High-pressure Gas Seat Testing:

( Class 2500)
Hydrostatic Seat Test:

Soft-seated: No visible leakage
Metal-seated (except check valves): ISO
5208, Rate D (See attached Table 4)
Metal-seated check valves: ISO 5208, Rate
HIGH
G (See attached Table 4)
PRESSURE Visible leakage through disk, behind seat rings or past shaft seals
Acceptance Criteria
CLOSURE is not permitted. (See attached Table 3)
High-pressure Gas Seat Testing:
TEST
Soft-seated: No visible leakage
Metal-seated (except check valves): 2x
ISO 5208, Rate D (See attached Table 4)
Metal-seated check valves: ISO 5208, Rate
EE (See attached Table 4)
1) If the purchaser specifies the

functionality for the valve to be that of
double block and bleed (DBB) valves, the
test described in H.9 shall be performed.
functionality for the valve to be that of
Additional Seat double isolation and bleed (DIB-1), both
Not addressed
Testing seats bidirectional, the test described in
H.10 shall be performed.
functionality for the valve to be that of DIB-
2, one seat unidirectional and one seat
bidirectional, the test described in H.11
shall be performed.

API 598 Test Tables
Table 1
Table2

API 598 Test Tables
Table 3

ISO 5208
Table 4

Valve Selection Summary-
API 608 for floating ball valves only
API 608 mandates testing to API 598 and section 6.4.3 does
not allow for testing of a trunnion ball valve.
API 6D for floating & trunnion ball valves, slab & expanding gates,
plug and check valves

Piping Codes, Valve Standards and Ball Valve Selection: Ron Manson, March 2015

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Piping Codes, Valve Standards and Ball Valve Selection: Ron Manson, March 2015

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Piping codes, valve standards

ASME B31.3 - Process Piping, 2012

ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, 2012

All the above codes list valves as a piping component.

2 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

ASME B16.34 - Valves Flanged, Threaded and Weld End

ASME B16.34 - Valves Flanged, Threaded and Weld End

307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS

This standard specifies the requirements for

12 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Full-opening valves shall have an internal

13 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

International Standard, NPS sizes are stated first

14 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

International Standard, NPS sizes are stated first

15 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

16 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Drilled and threaded unless otherwise specified. Tapered

For sealant, lubrication, or flushing may be provided for

Drain and vent lines shall:

Drain and vent block valves shall have a rated pressure

17 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Valves shall incorporate an antistatic feature that insures

Defines the allowable disruptions on the flange gasket

20 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

21 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

All carbon, alloy steels and non-austenitic stainless steel for

22 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

1.1 times pressure rating for material at 100 F (38 C).

24 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Subject to hydrostatic test in accordance with 9.3. Lines may be tested

For non-corrosion resistant valves only. Preventative measures shall

Valves shall be marked in accordance with the requirements of Table

25 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Drained of test fluid including

Required documents and conditions specified. A certificate of

26 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Temperature Range 41F - 122F (5C - 50C) 100F (38C) (Max)

Test Duration See attached Table 2

No visible leakage through pressure boundary walls & fixed

27 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Temperature Range 41F - 122F (5C - 50C) 100F (38C) (Max)

High Pressure: x 1.1 max allowable pressure

See attached Table 2

Acceptance Criteria No visible leakage permitted. No visible leakage permitted.

28 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Test Low Pressure Closure Test Low-pressure Gas Seat Testing

NPS 4 & ASME Class >

Required Required Required Optional

NPS 4 & ASME Class >

29 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Test Medium Air / Inert gas Air / Nitrogen

Temperature Range 41F - 122F (5C - 50C) 100F (38C) (Max)

Type 1 / Type 2 (Pneumatic Test)

The acceptable leakage rate for low-pressure

30 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Hydrostatic Seat Test / High-pressure

NPS 4 & ASME Class >

Hydrostatic: Fresh water (may contain

Temperature Range 41F - 122F (5C - 50C) 100F (38C) (Max)

x 1.1 testing pressure as per ASME

Hydrostatic: Fresh water (may contain corrosion

Temperature Range 41F - 122F (5C - 50C) 100F (38C) (Max)