CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A. Background
In the United Kingdom, a preposition (the future of) the nickname of small words. Seen
glimpses of prepositions is just short words are not important, but in fact has a very important
function.
Preposition is always followed by a noun (noun) or pronoun (pronoun). A preposition is a
word that suggests a liaison relationship between the noun that follows him and one of the
basic elements of a sentence, that is subject, verb, object or complement. A noun or pronoun
that follows the preposition is the object of a preposition. Pronouns used in this position is
always an object pronoun, like me, you, him, her, it, us and them. Prepositions plus object
called a preposition phrase (prepositional phrase).

B. Problem formulation
Based on the background of these problems then we formulate the contents of the paper are
as follows:
- Identify the sense of Preposition
- Identify the types of preposition
- Identify ways to use

C. Purpose
Studying and understanding this paper materials namely about preposition then expected we
can understand the sense, different types, and how to use it. As for any other purpose the
preparation of this paper was to fulfill the course Structure.
D. Meaning categories
The following list illustrate the use of prepositional phrases to convey
specific kinds of information.
1. Place,position
Example :
- Across her house is across the street
- After the first street after the bridge is state street
- Against his by cycle was leaning against the fence
- Among the letter might be among those papers
- Around the shop is just around the corner
- At he used to be a student at a north American university
- Before I have your letter before me now
- Behind the garage is behind the house
- Below they live in apartment below ours
- Between his shop is between the bank and the post office
- That house by the lake is my dream house
- In she was dozing in an armchair when we got there
- In front of the ball stopped in front of the bus
- Inside come in. It is warmer inside the house
- Near you shouldn't smoke near gasoline
- On he found the book on the table
- On top of I want whipped cream on the top of my strawberries
- Opposite the school is opposite the church
- Outside there's bird's nest outside my window
- Over the window is over the radiator
- To attach the rope to the bumper of the car
- Under the book was under the desk
- Underneath the book is underneath the papers
2. Direction
Example :
- Across I am going across the street to see my cousin
- At the children threw stone at the bear
- By way of can't we drive to new york by way of Philadelphia?
- Down we saw her walking down fifth avenue
- Into I saw her going into the theater a few minutes ago
- Out of he took some money out of his pocket
- To she went to the grocery store
- Through the bird flew through the open window
- Toward this road leads toward the sea
- Up the salmon were swimming up the river
- Upon the birds was perched upon his shoulder
3. Time
Example :
- About I think she will be away about a week
- After would you please call after eight
- Around I get to my office around nine every morning
- At I told her to meet us at six o'clock sharp
- Before take the medicine before the mealtime
- By she should be back by seven at the latest
- During during the winter, I think I'll go to Florida
- From...to the office will be open from nine to one every day
- From...until she works from eight until two six days a week
- In I'll meet you in an hour
4. Purpose, reason
Example :
- For take this medicine for your headache
5. Possession
Example :
- Of the leader of the scout has not arrived yet
6. Manner, instrument
Example :
- By I enjoy going there by train
- In you can't go to that restaurant in jeans
- Like that clown walk like a duck
- With she writes with a pen
7. Identification
Example :
- At the shop at the corner sells stamps
- By that book by Hemingway is a masterpiece
- In the man in the dark suit is my neighbor
- On the apartment on the second floor is smaller than ours
- With people with law degrees often go into politics
8. Distance
Example :
- For we walked for miles and miles
9. Agent
Example :
- By this film was directed by a Czech director
10. Material
Example :
- With I must fill my pen with ink
11. Quantity
Example :
- By meat is sold by the pound or by kilo

E. Prepositions with multiple meanings

Some prepositions are used to express a variety of meanings. These
may be present difficulties. Some of the common prepositions with their
various meaning and their most common used are summarized as follows
for references purposes.
1. Around
"At approximately"
- The police believe the man died around six o'clock
- The temperature has been around 32 celcius degrees all day
"In the vincinity of"
- People have reported seeing a stranger around the store"
2. At
With a street address if the house number given
- She lives at 18 Magnolia Street
- With points in time
- He arrived at 08.00
- Those farmers stop working at sunset
With prices
- They are on sale at two dollars a dozen
- I cannot afford to buy them at that price
3. By
"Alone" (with a reflexive pronoun)
- He lives by himself
- She did the homework by herself
"Past" (with verbs of motion)
- I always walk by that house on my way to work
- Several ways buses go by our house
 "At the latest" (with a maximum time limit)
- He will be here by five o'clock
- All classes will be over by June.
4. For
To indicate the duration of time
- She played the piano for two years
- They lived in Washington for two years
"In exchange for"
- He rented the house for very little money
- I bought this book for two dollars
With the beneficiary of an action
- Shall I open the window for you?
- He baked a cake for me
"Instead of," "in place of"
- When he was away, his neighbor did the work for him
- With the subject of an infinitive
- It is important for them to arrive early
- For him to go to a party is unusual
5. In
With cities, states, countries, continents
- He lives in Cairo
- That river is in California
- Rice is grown in Thailand
With periods of time
- I saw him in January
- The mail comes in the morning
With lengths of time
- He will come in an hour
- He finished that book in one evening
With languages
- That opera was originally written in Italian
6. On
To indicate contact with a surface
- The book is on the table
- The picture is on the wall
- There is a light on the ceiling
With days of the week and dates
- Summer begins on June 21
- We do not have classes on Sundays
With the name of a street
- I live on McKinley street
- She is visiting a friend on Magnolia Street
7. With
To indicate association
- She is with a consulting firm
- I will stay with the car while you go for help
8. Without
To indicate the absence of something
- Nothing can live without water
- I am without money today and cannot buy the tickets
F. Prepositions that are often confused
In, on, and at discussed previously, are probably the most often confused
nglish prepositions. Following are some others.
1. Above, over
Above refers to a place higher than a certain point. Over refers to a place
directly above a certain point.
- The temperature is well above freezing
- He held an umbrella over his head
Over also means "more than" and "in the course of" a period af time
- He is over eighty years old
- Over the years, he has proven to be a true friend
2. Below,under
Below refers to a place lower than the a certain point. Under refers to a
place directly below a certain point
- That valley is below sea level
- His shoes are under the bed
Under also means "less than" and "under the supervision of"
- The children in this class are under six years of age
- She works under the managing editor