Draft Final Report Vol 5: Economic Evaluation: Accra Urban Transport Project (Autp), Phase 1 - Pokuase Interchange

MINISTRY OF ROADS AND
DEPARTMEHNIT
GHOW
FAUY
RSBAN ROADS
ACCRA URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT (AUTP),

PHASE 1 POKUASE INTERCHANGE
DRAFT FINAL REPORT
VOL 5: ECONOMIC EVALUATION

REPORT
ASSOCIATED CONSULTANTS LTD

33 Royalt Castle Road Kokomlemle,
P. O. Box M259,
Accra, Ghana
SEPTEMBER 2015
ACCRA URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT (AUTP), PHASE 1 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... ii

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. iii
1.0 Economic Evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Excel Model for the selection of Bridge Structure/Material Type ............................................. 1-1
1.2 Highway Development and Management Investment Model, (HDM-4) .................................. 1-1
1.2.1 HDM-4 Input Data ............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2.2 Economic Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 1-16
1.3 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 1-37
1.4 Recommendations .................................................................................................................... 1-37
Page i of 82
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.2.1.1: Vehicle Fleet Characteristics .............................................................................................. 1-3
Table 1.2.1.2: Work Standards for Road Maintenance Activities ............................................................. 1-4
Table 1.2.1.3: Work Standards for Interchange Bridge Structure Maintenance Activities........................ 1-4
Table 1.2.1.4: Summary of Project Costs by Proposed Scheme ................................................................ 1-5
Table 1.2.1.5: Distribution of Project Costs by Existing Road .................................................................. 1-6
Table 1.2.1.6: Summary of Total Project Costs by Proposed Scheme....................................................... 1-6
Table 1.2.1.7: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - At-Grade Signalised
Intersection ................................................................................................................................................ 1-7
Table 1.2.1.8: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - 3-Tier Rotary .................... 1-7
Table 1.2.1.9: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - 3-Tier Signalised .............. 1-8
Table 1.2.1.10: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - Partial Clover Leaf ........ 1-8
Table 1.2.1.11: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars Full Clover Leaf ............ 1-8
Table 1.2.1.12: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars Directional (3 levels) ..... 1-9
Table 1.2.1.13: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars Semi-Directional (3 levels)
................................................................................................................................................................... 1-9
Table 1.2.1.14: Summary of Unit Costs for Road Maintenance Activities ............................................. 1-10
Table 1.2.1.15: Summary of Economic Unit Vehicle Operating Costs ................................................... 1-11
Table 1.2.1.16:: Summary of Value of Time ........................................................................................... 1-13
Table 1.2.1.17: Summary of Average Occupancy Rate - Persons Carried .............................................. 1-13
Table 1.2.1.18: Quantification of Benefits due to reduction in Delay - Time Savings (Year 1) ............. 1-14
Table 1.2.1.19: Summary of Time Savings and Average Annual Percent Change ................................. 1-15
Table 1.2.2.1: Summary of Economic Evaluation (Base Run) ................................................................ 1-16
Table 1.2.2.2a: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis....................... 1-17
Table 1.2.2.3: Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (EIRR) .................................... 1-19
Table 1.2.2.4: Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (Net Present Value - NPV) ..... 1-19
Table 1.2.2.5: Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (Benefit-Cost Ratio - BCR) .... 1-20
Table 1.2.2.6: Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (FYRR)................................... 1-21
Table 1.2.2.7a: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (2-Tier
Interchanges) ............................................................................................................................................ 1-22
Table 1.2.2.8: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (At-Grade Signalised Intersection) ........ 1-24
Table 1.2.2.9: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (3-Tier Rotary Interchange)................... 1-25
Table 1.2.2.10: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (3-Tier Signalised Interchange) ........... 1-26
Table 1.2.2.11: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (Partial Clover Leaf Interchange) ........ 1-27
Table 1.2.2.12: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (Full Clover Leaf Interchange) ............ 1-28
Table 1.2.2.13: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (Directional 3-Tier Interchange) ...... 1-29
Table 1.2.2.14: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (Semi-Directional 3-Tier Interchange) . 1-
30
Table 1.2.2.15: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Switching Value Analyses (Base Run/Case)........ 1-31
Table 1.2.2.16a: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Total Net User Benefits by Proposed
Scheme/Option (Base Run/Case) ............................................................................................................. 1-32
Page ii of 82
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.2.2.1: Annual Average VOC per veh-km ACP Road (Base Case - Minimal Maintenance) .. 1-34
Figure 1.2.2.2: Annual Average VOC per veh-km ACP Road (Upgrade road to 2-Lane Dual Facility
with Asphalt Concrete Surfacing) ............................................................................................................ 1-34
Figure 1.2.2.3: Annual Average VOC per veh-km Awoshie New Road Unpaved Section.................. 1-35
Figure 1.2.2.4: Annual Average VOC per veh-km Awoshie New Road Unpaved Section (Upgrade road
to 2-Lane Dual Facility with Asphalt Concrete Surfacing) ..................................................................... 1-35
Figure 1.2.2.5: Annual Average VOC per veh-km Nsawam Road (Base Case - Minimal Maintenance) 1-
36
Figure 1.2.2.6: Annual Average VOC per veh-km Nsawam Road (Pavement Reconstruction) .......... 1-36
Page iii of 82
1.0 ECONOMIC EVALUATION
General
The Consultants employed two (2) main Models for the economic analysis and evaluation of the
project for the 25 years following its completion, as per the TOR. These models comprise:
Excel model for the selection of Bridge type, (structure and type of material), and
The Highway Development and Management Investment Model, (HDM-4), for the
selection of the best project functional scheme/option, utilising the traffic operations on
the influence area road network system
1.1 Excel Model for the selection of Bridge Structure/Material Type

Life-cycle costs analyses have been performed on various types of bridge structures and
materials to select the most optimum type, employing the Present Value analysis technique. The
selected option has been applied to all the project interchange schemes/options as input into the
HDM-4 analysis. The details are presented under the Bridges section.
1.2 Highway Development and Management Investment Model, (HDM-4)

The economic feasibility of the project has been determined by utilising the discounted cash flow
technique. The economic evaluation has been undertaken for both "with" and "without" project
cases. The "with" project case constitutes all the project alternatives/schemes/options. The
Consultants are aware that the Road Deterioration sub-model of the HDM-4 is one of the
sensitive models. In this regard, the Consultants have employed the calibrated HDM-4 model for
Ghana, which was undertaken by the then Ministry of Transportation (MoT), since calibration of
such a model requires extensive data collection and analysis to reasonably predict the behaviour
of the affected roads.
1.2.1 HDM-4 Input Data

The following data was collected to serve as input into the HDM-4 Model:
Existing road characteristics
Vehicle fleet characteristics
Road works standards
Economic costs
Economic benefits
1.2.1.1 Existing Road Characteristics

This involves the existing road characteristics and environmental factors. Data that was collected
include:
Road surface condition

Road geometry
Surface type
Page 1-1 of 82
Length of road
Pavement structure and strength
Altitude and rainfall
These are presented in the Appendix to this report.
1.2.1.2 Vehicle Fleet Characteristics

This covers the characteristics of the vehicle fleet that will be using the Project roads/interchange
area. These include:
Tare weight
Driven power
Used braking power
No. of axles/ESA factors
No. of tyres
Type of fuel
Average annual km driven
Average annual hours driven
Hourly utilization ratio
Average service life (years) - these are given in Table 1.2.1.1.
Traffic volume and growth rates for all the vehicle categories, (both motorised and non-
motorised) these are presented under the Traffic section.
1.2.1.3 Road Works Standards

Road works standards are targets or levels of conditions and response that the DUR aim to
achieve in the management of the roads and associated facilities. The Consultants have dialogued
with the DUR the maintenance and improvement standards and strategies they employ in their
road network management and development activities, including interchange bridge structures.
Tables 1.2.1.2 and 1.2.1.3 give the Work Standards for Road Maintenance and Interchange Bridge
Structure Maintenance activities respectively.
Page 1-2 of 82
Table 1.2.1.1: Vehicle Fleet Characteristics

VEHICLE FLEET CHARACTERISTICS
ARTICULATOR
VEHICLE TYPE MOTORBIKE MINI/SMALL BUS CAR TAXI PICK-UP MEDIUM/LARGE BUS LIGHT TRUCK MEDIUM TRUCK HEAVY TRUCK TRUCK
REPRESENTATIVE YAMAHA NISSAN URVAN 2.6 TOYOTA CARINA NISSAN PICKUP NISSAN CIVILIAN SWARAJ MAZDA MERCEDEZ BENZ MERCEDEZ BENZ MERCEDEZ BENZ
1. VEHICLE FLEET CHARACTERISTICS

PCE FACTOR 0.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8
NO. OF WHEELS 2 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 10 14
NO. OF AXLES 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4
TYPE OF TYRE B R R R R B B B B B
BASE NO. OF RECAPS PER TYPE
CARCASS 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
RETREAD COST AS A % OF NEW TYRE
COST 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
ANNUAL AVERAGE DISTANCE
TRAVELLED (KM) 10,000 41,000 20,000 39,000 25,000 62,000 30,000 60,000 60,000 100,000
ANNUAL WORKING HOURS 400.00 2,000.00 500 1,900 1,300 2,000 1,715 1,750 1,750 1,750
AVERAGE SERVICE LIFE 10.00 12.00 12 13 13 12 12 12 14 14

% OF VEHICLE USED ON PRIVATE
TRIPS 25 0 75 75 50 0 30 0 0 0
NO. OF PASSENGERS 1.50 11.00 3.40 3.00 7.00 40.00 2.00 2.50 3.90 1.30
% OF PASSENGER TRIPS WHICH ARE

WORK RELATED 75 30 25 25 50 30 70 90 90 90
EQIVALENT STANDARD AXLE LOAD

FACTOR (ESALF) 0.0000 0.0300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0740 2.2947 0.0556 1.8458 5.2560 8.2077
OPERATING WEIGHT (TONNES) 0.20 3.72 1.60 1.60 2.00 9.00 6.25 11.62 27.35 38.00
2. CALIBRATION
FRONTAL AREA (m2) 0.8 2.9 1.9 1.9 2.8 5.0 4.0 5.0 8.5 9.0
DRIVING POWER (kw) 12 40 33 33 45 65 50 87 227 227
BRAKING POWER (kw) 5 26 20 20 25 70 45 70 255 255
RATED ENGINE POWER (kw) 15 60 70 70 60 100 75 100 280 300
Note: 1. R - Radial-ply 2. B - Bias-ply 3. Source: Mostly Ghana Highway Authority - 2009 and Consultants Studies - 2011. 4. ESALF Source: Circle-Tesano Sudies - Brazilians for Circle Interchange, 2014.
Page 1-3 of 82
Table 1.2.1.2: Work Standards for Road Maintenance Activities

A. Unpaved Road
Maintenance Activity Frequency Response Criteria
Routine Every year
Grading Every 188 days Max IRI = 30, (work would not be performed)
Gravel thickness <= 100 mm. Max IRI = 16, (work
Spot Regravelling
would not be performed)
Gravel thickness <= 50 mm. Max IRI = 30, (work
Regravelling
would not be performed)
B. Paved Road
Maintenance Activity Frequency Response Criteria
Routine Every year

Potholing >=10 no./km. Max IRI = 16, (work would
Patching (100%)
not be performed)
Edgebreak >=10, <= 100 m2/km. Max IRI = 16,
Edge break seal
(work would not be performed)
Resealing Every 4 years Max IRI = 9, (work would not be performed)
AC Overlay (50 mm) Every 8 years Max IRI = 30, (work would not be performed)
Defects such as ravelling, rutting, etc., have also been considered and these are reflected in the
Roughness, (IRI) values.
Table 1.2.1.3: Work Standards for Interchange Bridge Structure Maintenance Activities
Frequency
Maintenance Activity Remark
(Years)
Replacement and restoration of damaged concrete with

5
Cement mortars or concrete (CC)
Will occur 5 times over
Cleaning and painting of severely corroded railing 5 the design horizon of 25
years
Crack filling with cement-based filling materials or epoxy
5
resin
Replacement of damaged bearing pads 20 Will occur Once over the

design horizon of 25
Replacement of damaged expansion joints 20 years
Table 1.2.1.3 was not applied to the At-Grade Signalised Option. Major signal control periodic
maintenance has however been included at a frequency of every five (5) years.
Page 1-4 of 82
1.2.1.4 Economic Costs

The following major economic costs were considered for the economic evaluation of the Project:
Capital and Maintenance costs to be incurred by the Client or Road Agency
Vehicle operating costs to be incurred by road users
Capital Costs of the Project

The capital costs for each proposed scheme or investment have been derived from preliminary
cost estimates. The costs exclude taxes, duties, subsidies or any other transfer payments to the
Government. The project costs for the various options are presented in the tables below:
Table 1.2.1.4: Summary of Project Costs by Proposed Scheme
Summary of Project Costs by Proposed Scheme in Million US Dollars
Option Proposed Scheme Financial Economic
1 At-Grade Signalised Intersection 31.039 26.383
2 3-Tier Rotary 45.050 38.292
3 3-Tier Signalised 51.141 43.470
4 Partial Clover Leaf 38.958 33.115
5 Full Clover Leaf 44.441 37.774
6 Directional (3 levels) 75.507 64.181
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 84.644 71.948
Note: 1. Costs include associated Ramps, but not Existing Roads. 2. Economic = Financial x 0.85.
Page 1-5 of 82
Table 1.2.1.5: Distribution of Project Costs by Existing Road
Summary of Project Costs by Existing Road in Million US Dollars

Name of Road - Reopresentative
Item
Length
Financial Economic
1 Nsawam road - 2.02 km 7.218 6.135
2 ACP road - 0.5 km 0.786 0.668
3 Awoshie New road - 5 km 7.861 6.682
Total 15.865 13.485
Note: 1. Economic = Financial x 0.85. 2. Projects involve Pavement Reconstruction, Upgrading and
Widening.
Table 1.2.1.6: Summary of Total Project Costs by Proposed Scheme
Summary of Total Project Costs by Proposed Scheme in Million US Dollars
2 3-Tier Rotary 60.915 51.778
Note: 1. Costs include associated Ramps, etc. 2. Economic = Financial x 0.85.
Page 1-6 of 82
The adjustment factor used was adopted from similar studies, where the Economic costs were
derived from the Financial costs after deducting taxes, duties, etc. The following projects have
been modelled:
Nsawam road pavement reconstruction to Asphaltic concrete surfacing

ACP/Kwabenya road Upgrading to 2-lane dual Asphaltic concrete surfacing
Awoshie New road - Upgrading to 2-lane dual Asphaltic concrete surfacing
Table 1.2.1.7 through to Table 1.2.1.13 gives the distribution of the Total Project Unit Costs by the
Project roads. The distribution of the Interchange costs is by road length.
Table 1.2.1.7: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - At-Grade Signalised Intersection
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - At-Grade Signalised Intersection
Name of Road Lenth (km) Financial Economic
Nsawam road 2.02 6,237,285.52 5,301,692.69
ACP road 0.50 6,237,285.52 5,301,692.69
Awoshie New road 5.00 6,237,285.52 5,301,692.69
Total 7.52 18,711,856.55 15,905,078.07
Table 1.2.1.8: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - 3-Tier Rotary
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - 3-Tier Rotary

Nsawam road 2.02 8,100,370.80 6,885,315.18
ACP road 0.50 8,100,370.80 6,885,315.18
Awoshie New road 5.00 8,100,370.80 6,885,315.18
Total 7.52 24,301,112.40 20,655,945.54
Page 1-7 of 82
Table 1.2.1.9: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - 3-Tier Signalised
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - 3-Tier Signalised
Nsawam road 2.02 8,910,407.88 7,573,846.70
ACP road 0.50 8,910,407.88 7,573,846.70
Awoshie New road 5.00 8,910,407.88 7,573,846.70
Total 7.52 26,731,223.64 22,721,540.09
Table 1.2.1.10: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - Partial Clover Leaf
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - Partial Clover Leaf
Nsawam road 2.02 7,290,333.72 6,196,783.66
ACP road 0.50 7,290,333.72 6,196,783.66
Awoshie New road 5.00 7,290,333.72 6,196,783.66
Total 7.52 21,871,001.16 18,590,350.99
Table 1.2.1.11: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars Full Clover Leaf
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - Full Clover Leaf
Nsawam road 2.02 8,019,367.09 6,816,462.03
ACP road 0.50 8,019,367.09 6,816,462.03
Awoshie New road 5.00 8,019,367.09 6,816,462.03
Total 7.52 24,058,101.28 20,449,386.09
Page 1-8 of 82
Table 1.2.1.12: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars Directional (3 levels)
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - Directional (3 levels)
Nsawam road 2.02 12,150,556.20 10,327,972.77
ACP road 0.50 12,150,556.20 10,327,972.77
Awoshie New road 5.00 12,150,556.20 10,327,972.77
Total 7.52 36,451,668.60 30,983,918.31
Table 1.2.1.13: Summary of Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars Semi-Directional (3 levels)
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars - Semi-Directional (3 levels)
Nsawam road 2.02 13,365,611.82 11,360,770.05
ACP road 0.50 13,365,611.82 11,360,770.05
Awoshie New road 5.00 13,365,611.82 11,360,770.05
Total 7.52 40,096,835.46 34,082,310.14
Road Maintenance Unit Costs

This covers the unit costs of maintenance operations employed by the DUR in the management
of their roads and other related facilities. Summary of Unit Costs for Road Maintenance
Activities that were employed are presented in Table 1.2.1.14. The unit costs used were adopted
from similar studies.
Page 1-9 of 82
Table 1.2.1.14: Summary of Unit Costs for Road Maintenance Activities
Summary of Unit Costs for Road Maintenance Activities
A. Unpaved Road Unit Cost (US Dollars)
Maintenance Activity Unit Financial Economic
Routine km 399.6 339.6
Grading km 245.5 208.6
Spot Regravelling cu.m 6.2 5.2
Regravelling cu.m 20.9 17.7

B. Paved Road Unit Cost (US Dollars)
Maintenance Activity Unit Financial Economic
Routine km 109.5 93.1
Patching sq. m. 20.5 17.4
Resealing sq. m. 6.5 5.5

2
Edge break seal m /km 15.8 13.4
AC Overlay (50 mm) sq. m. 19.4 16.5

Note: 1. Economic = Financial x 0.85.
1.2.1.5 Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC)

The following VOC components were employed:
Motorised VOC these costs include:

Capital new vehicle purchase
Fuel and lubricant
Tyre and parts
Labour
Crew
Overheads
Travel time costs these include - Passenger travel time
Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) Costs, especially Bicycles these costs include time
and operating costs.
The Consultants collected and updated unit vehicle operating costs (VOC) for representative
vehicles, using data from relevant sources such as DUR, MRH, GHA, vehicle operators and
manufacturers, fuel companies, etc.
Page 1-10 of 82
Table 1.2.1.15: Summary of Economic Unit Vehicle Operating Costs

ECONOMIC UNIT COST (US DOLLAR)
ARTICULATOR
VEHICLE TYPE MOTORBIKE MINI/SMALL BUS CAR TAXI PICK-UP MEDIUM/LARGE BUS LIGHT TRUCK MEDIUM TRUCK HEAVY TRUCK TRUCK
REPRESENTATIVE YAMAHA NISSAN URVAN 2.6 TOYOTA CARINA NISSAN PICKUP NISSAN CIVILIAN SWARAJ MAZDA MERCEDEZ BENZ MERCEDEZ BENZ MERCEDEZ BENZ
1. ECONOMIC UNIT COST (US DOLLAR)

COST OF AN EQUIVALENT NEW
VEHICLE 2,750.00 37,008.40 23,412.40 23,412.40 20,320.30 85,135.60 22,407.00 84,255.60 136,109.60 172,856.20
COST OF AN INDIVIDUAL TYRE 44.00 55.00 48.40 48.40 57.20 233.20 62.70 328.90 379.50 437.80
FUEL COST/LITRE 0.95 0.93 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93
LUBRICANTS COST/LITRE 8.84 5.28 8.84 8.84 5.28 5.28 5.28 5.28 5.28 5.28
AV. MTCE LABOUR COST/HOUR 1.20 1.20 1.92 1.92 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.68
CREW WAGES/HOUR 0.00 0.54 0.10 0.10 0.46 0.82 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.14
AV. ANNUAL OVERHEAD COST
(LUMPSUM/YEAR) 0.00 500.00 400 400 200 700 700 700 800 800
ANNUAL BANK INTEREST RATE (%) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
2. TIME VALUE (US DOLLAR)

PASSENGER WORKING TIME/HOUR 0.30 0.34 0.50 0.50 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
PASSENGER NON-WORKING
TIME/HOUR 0.08 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
CARGO/HOUR
Note: Source: Mostly Ghana Highway Authority - 2009 and Consultants Studies - 2011.
Page 1-11 of 82
1.2.1.6 Project Details and Analysis Parameters

The following have been utilized for the economic analysis:
Discount rate 12%

Analysis period, in years 30, (including about 4 years of Project Preparation and
Construction 2014-2043, inclusive). The following tentative dates and durations have
been assumed:
Design studies November 2014 to mid 2015 0.75 years
Other preparation mid 2015 to end of 2016 1.5 years
Construction start of 2017 to end of 2018 = 2 years
25 years project operation start of 2019 to end of 2043
1.2.1.7 Economic Benefits

The Consultants have taken into consideration both quantifiable and non-quantifiable benefits
that might be derived as a result of the project. Quantifiable benefits have been expressed
primarily in terms of the following:
VOC savings
Residual value of road structures at the end of the evaluation period
Savings in road maintenance expenditure
Value of time savings
Exogenous benefits, i.e. external benefits that are input into the model directly - savings
due to reduction in delay were considered as a major benefit to the project
Only quantifiable benefits have been used for the economic evaluation of the Project. The
Consultants have however; undertaken detailed qualitative analysis of the non-quantifiable
(Intangible) benefits, i.e. the indirect economic and social benefits arising from the project. This
is presented under the Social Impact Assessment section.
Value of Time
This has been used to quantify the anticipated reduction in delays due to the project. The average
value of the various vehicle categories, US$ 0.37/hr, has been employed. This has been used to
quantify the expected time savings for the various alternative Project schemes/options against the
Existing situation. The time savings were obtained from the results of the traffic modelling at 5-
year intervals over the design horizon of 25 years.
The time savings were applied to only the Work-related trips for the Morning peak period as a
representation for the day. The Work-related trips were obtained from the results of the Origin-
Destination surveys. The annual savings were computed over a period of 260 days.
Page 1-12 of 82
Table 1.2.1.16 gives the summary of the value of time savings per hour for each type of vehicle.
The average number of persons carried is shown in Table 1.2.1.17. Quantification of first year
Benefits is presented in Table 1.2.1.18.
Table 1.2.1.16:: Summary of Value of Time
Summary of Value of Time

Value of 1 hour saved
Item Vehicle type
travelling time (US$/hr.)
1 car 0.50
2 taxi 0.50
3 Pick-up/vans/jeeps 0.34
4 small bus 0.34
5 medium bus 0.34
6 heavy bus 0.34
7 small/light truck 0.34
8 medium truck 0.34
9 heavy truck 0.34
10 articulated truck 0.34
11 motorcycle 0.30
Average Value 0.37
Note: Source: HDM-4 Calibrated Model for Ghana.
Table 1.2.1.17: Summary of Average Occupancy Rate - Persons Carried

Summary of Average Occupancy Rate - Persons Carried
Average No. of
Item Vehicle type
Persons Carried
1 car 3.4
2 taxi 3.0
3 pick-up/vans/jeeps 7.0
4 small bus 11.0
5 medium/large bus 40.0
7 medium truck 2.5
8 heavy truck 3.9
10 motorcycle 1.5
Total Persons 75.6
Page 1-13 of 82
Table 1.2.1.18: Quantification of Benefits due to reduction in Delay - Time Savings (Year 1)
Quantification of Benefits due to reduction in Delay - Time Savings (Year 1)
Delay Work
Delay with Time Average Value Total Time Total Time
Type of without Total Total Time Related Net Savings
Item Project Gain/Person of Time Savings/Day Savings/Yr.
Interchange/Scheme Project Persons Gain (Hrs.) Passenger- (Year 1 - US$)
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (US$/hr. ) (US$) (US$)
(Hrs.) trips (%)
a b c d e=c-d f g=e*f h i=g*h j = 260 * i k l = j * k /100
At-Grade Signalised
1 2,280.6 107.6 2,173.0 76 165,148 0.37 61,105 15,887,238 80 12,709,790
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 2,280.6 175.3 2,105.3 76 160,003 0.37 59,201 15,392,269 80 12,313,815
3 3-Tier Signalised 2,280.6 54.3 2,226.3 76 169,199 0.37 62,604 16,276,925 80 13,021,540
4 Partial Clover Leaf 2,280.6 687.2 1,593.4 76 121,098 0.37 44,806 11,649,666 80 9,319,733
5 Full Clover Leaf 2,280.6 44.6 2,236.0 76 169,936 0.37 62,876 16,347,843 80 13,078,275
6 Directional (3 levels) 2,280.6 242.3 2,038.3 76 154,911 0.37 57,317 14,902,419 80 11,921,935
Semi-Directional (3
7 2,280.6 216.3 2,064.3 76 156,887 0.37 58,048 15,092,510 80 12,074,008
levels)
Note: 1. Time savings apply only to Work related (Productive) Passenger-trips in the Morning.
Page 1-14 of 82
Net travel time savings for the first year of project completion and average annual percent change over the subsequent years are presented in
Table 1.2.1.19.
Table 1.2.1.19: Summary of Time Savings and Average Annual Percent Change
Summary of Time Savings and Average Annual Percent Change

Net Savings
Net Savings (Average Annual Percent Change)
(Million US$)
Option Proposed Scheme Year 1 Year 2 Year 5 Year 10 Year 15 Year 20 Year 25
At-Grade Signalised
1 12.71 -21.0 -55.1 -272.7 -116.3 -116.3 -116.3
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 12.31 -16.1 -144.2 95.1 -21.7 -21.7 -21.7
3 3-Tier Signalised 13.02 -28.0 -35.6 -246.2 -103.3 -103.3 -103.3
4 Partial Clover Leaf 9.32 -94.8 -260.1 75.7 -93.1 -93.1 -93.1
5 Full Clover Leaf 13.08 -23.2 13.6 22.8 4.4 4.4 4.4
6 Directional (3 levels) 11.92 -47.6 20.4 -206.1 -77.8 -77.8 -77.8
Semi-Directional (3
7 12.07 -35.3 -189.2 4.7 -73.3 -73.3 -73.3
levels)
Note: 1. Net Savings are against "Without the Project". 2. Years 15-25 - Average of first 10 years. 3. The Model accepts up to -100%.
The expected time savings/percent change for the various years were entered into the model as Exogenous benefits for each alternative Project
scheme/option.
Page 1-15 of 82
1.2.2 Economic Evaluation

The Consultants have undertaken evaluation of the economic feasibility of the project for the 25
years following the completion of the Project for all the project options compared with the
Existing situation. A total of five (5) Runs/Scenarios have been modelled, comprising the Base
run/scenario and four (4) Sensitivity analyses. These are:
(a) Base Case/Scenario

(b) Sensitivity Analyses
Increase in investment cost: +20%
Decrease in traffic volume AADT: -20%
Decrease in economic benefit - Value of Time (VoT): -20%
All negative scenarios (Worst case) - increase in investment cost of 20%, 20%
decrease in traffic volumes and value of time.
The economic viability for all has been expressed, in terms of:
(a) The economic internal rate of return (EIRR)

(b) The net present value (NPV)
(c) The benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and
(d) The first year rate of return (FYRR).
1.2.2.1 Base Case/Scenario

The summary of results for the Base case is presented in Table 1.2.2.1.
Table 1.2.2.1: Summary of Economic Evaluation (Base Run)
Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme - Base Run

PV of Total Agency
Total NPV NPV/Cost Ratio Total Project Cost
Option Proposed Scheme EIRR (%) Capital Costs FYRR (%)
(Million US$) (BCR) (Million US$)
(Million US$)
a b c d e f = d/e g h
At-Grade Signalised
1 40.5 65.48 27.17 2.410 26.3 46.90
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 29.4 51.11 35.28 1.448 19.6 60.92
3 3-Tier Signalised 30.7 56.65 38.81 1.460 18.8 67.01
4 Partial Clover Leaf 31.4 53.07 31.75 1.671 16.5 54.82
5 Full Clover Leaf 47.6 283.63 34.93 8.120 21.0 60.31
6 Directional (3 levels) 25.4 50.71 52.92 0.958 12.6 91.37
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 18.9 28.17 58.22 0.484 11.6 100.51
Note: 1. EIRR = Economic Internal Rate of Return 2. NPV = Net Present Value 3. FYRR = First Year Rate of Return.
Page 1-16 of 82
The following can be observed from Table 1.2.2.1:
All the proposed projects, with the exception of the Directional (3 levels) and the Semi-
Directional (3 levels), are viable and also justified to be implemented as planned, with:
EIRR greater than 12% - discount rate
NPV greater than Zero positive
B/C ratio (BCR) greater than 1 unity, and
FYRR also greater than 12%.
Full Clover Leaf option has the highest EIRR of about 48%
Full Clover Leaf option has the highest NPV of about US$ 284 million as well as the
highest BCR of about 8.1
At-Grade Signalised Intersection option has the highest FYRR of about 26%
Incremental benefit-cost analysis has, however, been performed to compute the Incremental
benefit-cost ratio, (IBCR), to assess the most feasible project scheme/option. Table 1.2.2.2a and
Table 1.2.2.2b show the summary of results for the separate Incremental benefit-cost analysis
for the 2-Tier and the 3-Tier interchanges respectively.
Incremental BCR is given by ( B1 - B2) / ( C1 - C2)
Where:
B1 = total discounted benefits (NPV) for Project Option 1

C1 = total discounted costs (PV of Total Capital Costs) for Project Option 1
Table 1.2.2.2a: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis
(Base Run - 2-Tier Interchanges)

Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Base Run - 2-Tier Interchanges)
PV of Total Agency Incremental Benefit-
Option Proposed Scheme Capital Costs Cost Ratio (IBCR) Remark
(Million US$)
a b d e f = d/e h i j
1 At-Grade Signalised Intersection 65.48 27.17 2.410 46.90
4 Partial Clover Leaf 53.07 31.75 1.671 54.82 -2.706 IBCR < 1
5 Full Clover Leaf 283.63 34.93 8.120 60.31 28.103 IBCR > 1
Page 1-17 of 82
Table 1.2.2.2a reveals the following for the 2-Tier interchanges:
The Full Clover Leaf option is the most feasible option.

The additional cost to be incurred for embarking on the Partial Clover Leaf option against
the At-Grade Signalised Intersection option is not worth it, since IBCR is negative.
Table 1.2.2.2b: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis
(Base Run - 3-Tier Interchanges)

Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Base Run - 3-Tier Interchanges)
(Million US$)
a b d e f = d/e h i j
2 3-Tier Rotary 51.11 35.28 1.448 60.92
3 3-Tier Signalised 56.65 38.81 1.460 67.01 1.572 IBCR > 1
6 Directional (3 levels) 50.71 52.92 0.958 91.37 -0.421 IBCR < 1
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 28.17 58.22 0.484 100.51 -1.468 IBCR < 1
Table 1.2.2.2b reveals the following for the 3-Tier interchanges:
The 3-Tier Signalised option is the most feasible option.

The additional costs to be incurred for embarking on the Directional (3 levels) option or
the Semi-Directional (3 levels) option is not worth it, since they have negative IBCR
values.
1.2.2.2 Sensitivity and Switching Value Analyses
Sensitivity Analyses
The summaries of results for the Sensitivity analyses are presented in Table 1.2.2.3 through to
Table 1.2.2.6 for EIRR, NPV, BCR and FYRR respectively for all the four (4) scenarios.
Page 1-18 of 82
Table 1.2.2.3: Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (EIRR)
Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (Economic Internal Rate of Return - EIRR)
EIRR (%)
All
20% Reduction
20% Increase 20% Reduction Negative/
Option Proposed Scheme/Type of Scenario in Value of
in Project Cost in AADT Worst
Time
Case
2 3-Tier Rotary 23.3 24.9 28.7 20.5
3 3-Tier Signalised 26.0 26.5 29.3 21.1
4 Partial Clover Leaf 26.8 26.5 30.7 22.1
5 Full Clover Leaf 42.4 44.7 44.3 36.9
6 Directional (3-Tier) 21.3 21.8 23.9 17.0
7 Semi-Directional (3-Tier) 16.1 15.6 18.6 12.9
Note: Highest
The following can be observed from Table 1.2.2.3:
Full Clover Leaf option has the highest EIRR for all scenarios. EIRR ranges from about
37% to about 45%
Table 1.2.2.4: Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (Net Present Value - NPV)
Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (Net Present Value - NPV)
NPV (Million US$)
All
20% Reduction
Proposed Scheme/Type of 20% Increase 20% Reduction Negative/
Option in Value of
Scenario in Project Cost in AADT Worst
Time
Case
2 3-Tier Rotary 42.81 31.14 49.71 22.69
3 3-Tier Signalised 48.89 36.69 53.48 25.75
5 Full Clover Leaf 276.64 263.66 235.82 208.87
7 Semi-Directional (3-Tier) 16.53 8.21 26.80 -4.81
Note: Highest
Page 1-19 of 82
It can be seen from Table 1.2.2.4 that:

Full Clover Leaf option has the highest NPV for all the scenarios. NPV ranges from
about US$ 209 million to about US$ 277 million.
Semi-Directional (3-Tier) option has a negative NPV value for the All Negative/Worst Case
scenario
All other options have positive NPV value s for all scenarios
Table 1.2.2.5: Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (Benefit-Cost Ratio - BCR)
Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (Benefit-Cost Ratio - BCR)
NPV/Cost Ratio (BCR)
All
20% Reduction
Proposed Scheme/Type of 20% Increase 20% Reduction Negative/
Option in Value of
Scenario in Project Cost in AADT Worst
Time
Case
2 3-Tier Rotary 1.011 0.883 1.409 0.536
3 3-Tier Signalised 1.050 0.945 1.378 0.553
5 Full Clover Leaf 6.600 7.548 6.751 4.983
7 Semi-Directional (3-Tier) 0.237 0.141 0.460 (0.069)
Note: Highest
The following can be seen from Table 1.2.2.5:
Full Clover Leaf option has the highest BCR for all the scenarios. BCR ranges from
about 4.98 to about 6.60.
Directional (3-Tier) and Semi-Directional (3-Tier) options have BCR values less than Unity for
all the scenarios
3-Tier Rotary and 3-Tier Signalised options have BCR values less than Unity for the scenarios:
20% Reduction in AADT and All Negative/Worst Case
Partial Clover Leaf option have BCR values less than Unity for the All Negative/Worst Case
scenario
At-Grade Signalised Intersection option has BCR values greater than Unity for all the scenarios
Page 1-20 of 82
Table 1.2.2.6: Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (FYRR)
Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme (First Year Rate of Return - FYRR)
FYRR (%)
All
20% Reduction
Base 20% Increase 20% Reduction Negative/
Option Proposed Scheme/Type of Scenario in Value of
Run/Case in Project Cost in AADT Worst
Time
Case
1 At-Grade Signalised Intersection 26.3 26.3 26.3 21.0 17.5
2 3-Tier Rotary 19.6 16.3 19.6 15.7 13.1
3 3-Tier Signalised 18.8 15.7 18.8 15.1 12.6
4 Partial Clover Leaf 16.5 13.7 16.5 13.2 11.0
5 Full Clover Leaf 21.0 17.5 21.0 16.8 14.0
6 Directional (3-Levels) 12.6 10.5 12.6 10.1 8.4
7 Semi-Directional (3-Tier) 11.6 9.7 11.6 9.3 7.8
Note: Highest
The following can be seen from Table 1.2.2.6:
At-Grade Signalised Intersection option has the highest FYRR values for all the scenarios. FYRR
ranges from about 17% to about 26%.
Directional (3-Tier) and Semi-Directional (3-Tier) options have most values less than the
minimum required value of 12%.
Semi-Directional (3-Tier) option has all values less than 12%.
3-Tier Rotary, 3-Tier Signalised and Full Clover Leaf options have FYRR values greater than
12% for all the scenarios:
Partial Clover Leaf option has only the All Negative/Worst Case scenario value less than the
minimum required value of 12%.
Incremental benefit-cost analysis was also performed for all the Sensitivity scenarios.
Table 1.2.2.7a and Table 1.2.2.7b give the summary of results for the Incremental benefit-cost
analysis.
Page 1-21 of 82
Table 1.2.2.7a: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (2-Tier Interchanges)
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit Cost Analysis (2-Tier Interchanges)

Incremental Benefit Cost Ratio (IBCR)
20% Increasing
Proposed Scheme/Type of Base 20% Increase in 20% Reduction All Negative/Worst
Option Reduction in Project Cost
Scenario Run/Case Project Cost in AADT Case
Value of Time (Million US$)
1 At-Grade Signalised Intersection 46.90
4 Partial Clover Leaf -2.706 -2.422 -2.706 -2.367 -2.139 54.82
5 Full Clover Leaf 28.103 23.253 28.103 22.282 18.401 60.31
Table 1.2.2.7a reveals the following for the 2-Tier interchanges:
The Full Clover Leaf option is the most feasible option. It is the most feasible project
option under all the scenarios
The additional cost to be incurred for embarking on the Partial Clover Leaf option against
the At-Grade Signalised Intersection option is not worth it, since IBCR is negative.
Table 1.2.2.7b: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (3-Tier Interchanges)
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit Cost Analysis (3-Tier Interchanges)

Incremental Benefit Cost Ratio (IBCR)
20% Increasing
Proposed Scheme/Type of Base 20% Increase in 20% Reduction All Negative/Worst
Option Reduction in Project Cost
Scenario Run/Case Project Cost in AADT Case
Value of Time (Million US$)
1 3-Tier Rotary 60.92
2 3-Tier Signalised 1.572 1.437 1.572 1.068 0.723 67.01
3 Directional (3 levels) -0.421 -0.517 -0.421 -0.537 -0.614 91.37
4 Semi-Directional (3 levels) -1.468 -1.390 -1.468 -1.375 -1.312 100.51
Page 1-22 of 82
Table 1.2.2.7b reveals the following for the 3-Tier interchanges:
The 3-Tier Signalised option is the most feasible option.

The additional costs to be incurred for embarking on the Directional (3 levels) option or
the Semi-Directional (3 levels) option is not worth it, since they have negative IBCR
values.
Table 1.2.2.8 through to Table 1.2.2.14 show the summary of the Annual discounted Cash
streams for the various project options.
It should be mentioned that Negative value signifies Cost incurred and Positive value indicates Benefit
derived.
Page 1-23 of 82
Table 1.2.2.8: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (At-Grade Signalised Intersection)
Proposed Project Option: At-Grade Signalised Intersection

Annual Discounted Cash Streams (Million US$)
Agency Costs User Benefits
Normal Traffic + Generated/Induced
Construction Maintenance
Diverted Traffic
Other-
Costs Costs VOC Time VOC Time Total
Exogenous
Year (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$)
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -19.864 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -19.863
2018 -7.601 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -7.598
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 7.212 13.320
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 3.439 9.373
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 1.639 7.379
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 0.782 6.270
2023 0.000 -0.073 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.144
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017
2028 0.000 -0.041 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.780
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047
2033 0.000 -0.023 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.316
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916
2038 0.000 -0.013 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.917
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555
2043 0.298 -0.007 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.625
Totals -27.168 -0.129 68.288 3.738 7.605 0.576 13.071 65.484
Page 1-24 of 82
Table 1.2.2.9: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (3-Tier Rotary Interchange)
Proposed Project Option: 3-Tier Rotary Interchange
Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -25.798 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -25.797
2018 -9.872 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -9.868
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 6.987 13.095
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 0.000 5.935
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 0.000 5.740
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 0.000 5.488
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.220
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.823
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.134
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.931
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555
2043 0.387 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.722
Totals -35.283 -0.171 68.288 3.738 7.605 0.576 6.987 51.106
Page 1-25 of 82
Table 1.2.2.10: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (3-Tier Signalised Interchange)
Proposed Project Option: 3-Tier Signalised Interchange

Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -28.378 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -28.376
2018 -10.859 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -10.855
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 7.389 13.497
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 4.374 10.309
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 2.589 8.329
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 1.533 7.021
2023 0.000 -0.073 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.144
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017
2028 0.000 -0.041 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.780
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047
2033 0.000 -0.023 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.316
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916
2038 0.000 -0.013 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.917
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555
2043 0.426 -0.007 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.753
Totals -38.811 -0.129 68.288 3.738 7.605 0.576 15.885 56.654
Page 1-26 of 82
Table 1.2.2.11: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (Partial Clover Leaf Interchange)
Proposed Project Option: Partial Clover Leaf Interchange
Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -23.218 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -23.217
2018 -8.885 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -8.881
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 5.288 11.396
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 0.000 5.935
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 0.000 5.740
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 0.000 5.488
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.220
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.823
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.134
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.931
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555
2043 0.348 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.683
Totals -31.754 -0.171 68.288 3.738 7.605 0.576 5.288 53.072
Page 1-27 of 82
Table 1.2.2.12: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (Full Clover Leaf Interchange)
Proposed Project Option: Full Clover Leaf Interchange
Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -25.540 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -25.539
2018 -9.773 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -9.769
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 7.421 13.529
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 6.917 12.852
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 6.448 12.188
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 6.010 11.499
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 6.590 11.810
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 7.226 12.158
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 7.922 11.223
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 8.686 10.747
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 9.524 11.541
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 9.660 11.483
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 9.798 11.487
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 9.938 11.873
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 10.080 12.187
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 10.224 12.271
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 10.370 12.504
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 10.518 13.094
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 10.668 13.409
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 10.821 13.673
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 10.975 13.891
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 11.132 14.063
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 11.291 14.204
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 11.452 14.341
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 11.616 14.401
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 11.782 14.337
2043 0.383 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 11.950 14.668
Totals -34.930 -0.171 68.288 3.738 7.605 0.576 239.019 283.627
Page 1-28 of 82
Table 1.2.2.13: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (Directional 3-Tier Interchange)
Proposed Project Option: 3-Tier Directional Interchange
Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -38.697 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -38.696
2018 -14.808 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -14.804
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 6.765 12.873
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 6.245 12.180
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 5.766 11.506
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 5.323 10.811
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.220
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.823
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.134
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.931
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555
2043 0.581 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.916
Totals -52.924 -0.171 68.288 3.738 7.605 0.576 24.099 50.713
Page 1-29 of 82
Table 1.2.2.14: Summary of Annual Discounted Cash Streams (Semi-Directional 3-Tier Interchange)
Proposed Project Option: 3-Tier Semi-Directional Interchange
Diverted Traffic
Other-
Costs Costs VOC Time VOC Time Exogeno Total
Year (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Milus
US$) (Mil US$)
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -42.567 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -42.565
2018 -16.288 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -16.285
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 6.851 12.959
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 0.000 5.935
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 0.000 5.740
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 0.000 5.488
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.220
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.823
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.134
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.931
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555
2043 0.639 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.974
Totals -58.216 -0.171 68.288 3.738 7.605 0.576 6.851 28.173
Page 1-30 of 82
Switching Value Analyses

Switching value analyses have been performed for the Base run/case scenario on the Agency
Costs and User Benefits, (traffic levels), for all the proposed project options. The summaries of
results for the Switching value analyses are presented in Table 1.2.2.15.
Table 1.2.2.15: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Switching Value Analyses (Base Run/Case)
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Switching Value Analyses (Base Run/Case)

Changes in Key Parameters to render NPV = Zero
Agency Costs Benefit (Traffic Levels)
Option Proposed Scheme Factor Percent Factor Percent
1 At-Grade Signalised Intersection 3.417 242% 0.293 -71%
2 3-Tier Rotary 2.459 146% 0.407 -59%
3 3-Tier Signalised 2.468 147% 0.405 -59%
4 Partial Clover Leaf 2.678 168% 0.373 -63%
5 Full Clover Leaf 9.095 809% 0.110 -89%
6 Directional (3 levels) 1.965 96% 0.509 -49%
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 1.491 49% 0.671 -33%
Averages 3.367 237% 0.395 -60%
Table 1.2.2.15 reveals the following:
On the average, Agency costs have to be multiplied by about 3.38 (237 percent increase) to
render NPV Zero. On the other hand, User benefits would have to be multiplied by about
0.39 (60 percent reduction) for NPV to turn to Zero.
This implies that User benefits, (traffic levels), are more sensitive to the outcome of
Economic evaluation of the project than Agency costs.
The Full Clover Leaf option has the highest percentages in both costs increase (809%), and
benefit reduction (89%).
Page 1-31 of 82
1.2.2.3 Sample of HDM-4 Output Tables and Charts
Net User Benefits

Table 1.2.2.16a gives summaries of Discounted Net User Benefits by Proposed Scheme/Option.
The Percent distribution of Net User Benefits is presented in Table 1.2.2.16b.
Table 1.2.2.16a: Summary of Economic Evaluation - Total Net User Benefits by Proposed Scheme/Option
(Base Run/Case)
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Total Net User Benefits by Proposed Scheme/Option
Base Run/Case Scenario Total Discounted Net User Benefits (Million US Dollars)
Exogenous
Option Proposed Scheme VOC Savings Time Savings Total
Benefits - Delay
2 3-Tier Rotary 75.89 4.31 6.99 87.19
3 3-Tier Signalised 75.89 4.31 15.88 96.09
5 Full Clover Leaf 75.89 4.31 239.02 319.23
6 Directional (3 levels) 75.89 4.31 24.10 104.31
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 75.89 4.31 6.85 87.06
Averages 75.89 4.31 44.46 124.66
The Full Clover Leaf option has the highest total Net User Benefits.
Page 1-32 of 82
Table 1.2.2.16b: Summary of Economic Evaluation Percent Distribution of Net User Benefits by Proposed
Scheme/Option (Base Run/Case)
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Percent Distribution of Net User Benefits by Proposed Scheme/Option
Base Run/Case Scenario Percent Distribution of Net User Benefits
Exogenous
Option Proposed Scheme VOC Savings Time Savings Total
Benefits - Delay
2 3-Tier Rotary 87.0 4.9 8.0 100.00
3 3-Tier Signalised 79.0 4.5 16.5 100.00
5 Full Clover Leaf 23.8 1.4 74.9 100.00
6 Directional (3 levels) 72.8 4.1 23.1 100.00
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 87.2 5.0 7.9 100.00
Averages 74.3 4.2 21.5 100.00
The following can be observed from Table 1.2.2.16b:
On the average, VOC savings constitute about 74 percent of total Net User Benefits.
The Partial Clover Leaf option has the highest of about 89 percent.
On the average, Time savings constitute about 4 percent of total Net User Benefits.
The Partial Clover Leaf option has the highest of about 5 percent.
On the average, Delay savings constitute about 21 percent of total Net User Benefits.
The Full Clover Leaf option has the highest of about 75 percent.
Page 1-33 of 82
Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) Charts
Annual Average Vehicle Operating Cost per veh-km

3.5 01 Car
02 Taxi
03 Pickups
3
04 Small truck
05 Medium truck
Cost per veh-km
2.5 06 Heavy truck 1

07 Articulator Truck
2 09 Small bus
11 Medium/Heavy bus
1.5 13 Motorcycle / scoo
0.5
0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
Year
Figure 1.2.2.1: Annual Average VOC per veh-km ACP Road (Base Case - Minimal Maintenance)

3.5 01 Car
02 Taxi
03 Pickups
3
04 Small truck
05 Medium truck
Cost per veh-km

2 09 Small bus
11 Medium/Heavy bus
0.5
0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
Year
Figure 1.2.2.2: Annual Average VOC per veh-km ACP Road (Upgrade road to 2-Lane Dual Facility with
Asphalt Concrete Surfacing)
Page 1-34 of 82

3.5 01 Car
02 Taxi
03 Pickups
3
04 Small truck
05 Medium truck
Cost per veh-km

2 09 Small bus
11 Medium/Heavy bus
0.5
0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
Year
Figure 1.2.2.3: Annual Average VOC per veh-km Awoshie New Road Unpaved Section
(Base Case - Minimal Maintenance)

3.5 01 Car
02 Taxi
03 Pickups
3
04 Small truck
05 Medium truck
Cost per veh-km

2 09 Small bus
11 Medium/Heavy bus
0.5
0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
Year
Figure 1.2.2.4: Annual Average VOC per veh-km Awoshie New Road Unpaved Section (Upgrade road to 2-
Lane Dual Facility with Asphalt Concrete Surfacing)
Page 1-35 of 82

2.8 01 Car
02 Taxi
03 Pickups
2.4
04 Small truck
05 Medium truck
Cost per veh-km
2 06 Heavy truck 1
1.6 09 Small bus
11 Medium/Heavy bus
0.8
0.4
0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
Year
Figure 1.2.2.5: Annual Average VOC per veh-km Nsawam Road (Base Case - Minimal Maintenance)

2.8 01 Car
02 Taxi
03 Pickups
2.4
04 Small truck
05 Medium truck
Cost per veh-km
2 06 Heavy truck 1
1.6 09 Small bus
11 Medium/Heavy bus
0.8
0.4
0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
Year
Figure 1.2.2.6: Annual Average VOC per veh-km Nsawam Road (Pavement Reconstruction)
Page 1-36 of 82
1.3 Conclusions
The following conclusions are made based on the forgoing analysis and summaries of results:
(a) All the proposed projects are viable and also justified to be implemented as planned, with
all the Economic indicators criteria satisfied, with the exception of the Directional (3
levels) and the Semi-Directional (3 levels).
Their NPV/Cost Ratios (BCR) are less than Unity
(b) The Full Clover Leaf option has the highest EIRR of about 48%. It also has the highest
NPV of about US$ 284 million as well as the highest BCR of about 8.1. It has the highest
total Net User Benefits
(c) The At-Grade Signalised intersection option has the highest FYRR of about 26%
(d) The 3-Tier Signalised option is the most feasible option among the 3-Tier interchanges,
while the Full Clover Leaf option is the most feasible option among the 2-Tier interchanges
(e) All the proposed projects are also viable under most of the Sensitivity scenarios, with the
exception of the Directional (3 levels) and the Semi-Directional (3 levels).
(f) The Switching value analyses revealed that User benefits, (traffic levels), are more
sensitive to the outcome of Economic evaluation of the project than Agency costs.
1.4 Recommendations
The Consultants recommend the following three (3) Interchange project options for consideration based
on the results of the Economic evaluation as presented in the various sections:
3-Tier Rotary option

3-Tier Signalised option, and
Full Clover Leaf option
It should however be mentioned that the Full Clover leaf option would have severe land
constraints due to the fact that one of the loops would occupy the Sacred grove (forest), which,
according to local sources, accommodates three (3) gods of the Community and therefore could
not be touched.
The details and supporting documentation of all the analysis and results presented herein are
included in the Appendices to this report. The HDM-4 Model files have been presented on separate
CDs.
Page 1-37 of 82
ECONOMIC EVALUATION REPORT

(Appendices/Supporting Materials)
Page 1-38 of 82
HDM-4 Economic Indicators Summary Table APP1
Study Name: POKUASE INTERCHANGE

HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT
Run Date: 31/08/2015
Currency: US Dollar (millions)
Option 1: At-Grade Signalised Intersection Discount Rate: 12.00%.
Present Value Present Value of

of Total Agency Agency Capital Costs Increase in Decrease in Net Exogenous Net Present NPV/Cost NPV/Cost Internal Rate First Year Rate
Costs (RAC) (CAP )
Agency Costs User Costs Benefits Value Ratio Ratio of Return of Return
First Year Total Agency

(C) (B) ( E) (NPV = B+E-C) (NPV/RAC) (NPV/CAP) ( IRR ) ( FYRR )
Benefits Capital Costs
Road Project
BASE CASE 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
UPGRADE DBST TO ASPHALT - ACP/Kwabenya Road 1.82 1.81 1.77 6.71 0.87 5.81 3.193 3.215 40.2 26.3 0.480 1.826
UPGRADE GRVL TO ASPHALT - Awoshie to Pokuase Road 18.17 18.06 18.12 24.76 8.69 15.32 0.843 0.848 23.5 26.3 4.795 18.262
PAVEMENT RECONSTRUCTION - Nsawam Road 7.35 7.30 7.30 48.15 3.51 44.35 6.032 6.078 57.8 26.3 1.937 7.378
27.395 27.168 27.198 79.611 13.071 65.484 2.390 2.410 40.5 26.3 27.466
Figure in brackets is number of IRR solutions in range -90 to +900
HDM-4 Version 1.3 Page -1 of 1

Run Date: 31/08/2015
Option 2: 3-Tier Rotary Interchange Discount Rate: 12.00%.
Present Value
Present Value
of Agency
of Total Agency Increase in Decrease in Net Exogenous Net Present NPV/Cost NPV/Cost Internal Rate First Year Rate
Capital Costs
Costs (RAC)
(CAP )

Road Project
BASE CASE 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
UPGRADE DBST TO ASPHALT - ACP/Kwabenya Road 2.36 2.35 2.31 6.66 0.46 4.81 2.039 2.052 30 19.6 0.465 2.372
PAVEMENT RECONSTRUCTION - Nsawam Road 9.55 9.48 9.49 48.09 1.88 40.48 4.240 4.271 43 19.6 1.877 9.581
35.558 35.283 35.336 79.456 6.987 51.106 1.437 1.448 29.4 19.6 35.670
Page 1-39 of 82
HDM-4 Economic Indicators Summary

Study Name:
POKUASE INTERCHANGE
Table APP3
Run Date: 31/08/2015
Option 3: 3-Tier Signalised Interchange Discount Rate: 12.00%.
Present Value
Present Value
of Agency
Capital Costs
Costs (RAC)
(CAP )
Total
(NPV = First Year Agency
(C) (B) ( E) (NPV/RAC) (NPV/CAP) ( IRR ) ( FYRR )
B+E-C) Benefits Capital
Road Project Costs
BASE CASE 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
39.038 38.811 38.842 79.611 15.885 56.654 1.451 1.460 30.7 18.8 39.237

Run Date: 31/08/2015
Option 4: Partial Clover Leaf Interchange Discount Rate: 12.00%.
Present Value
Present Value
of Agency
Capital Costs
Costs (RAC)
(CAP )

Road Project
BASE CASE 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
PAVEMENT RECONSTRUCTION - Nsawam Road 8.60 8.53 8.55 48.15 1.42 41.02 4.770 4.809 46 16.5 1.421 8.623
32.024 31.754 31.827 79.611 5.288 53.072 1.657 1.671 31.4 16.5 32.103
Page 1-40 of 82

Run Date: 31/08/2015
Option 5: Full Clover Leaf Interchange Discount Rate: 12.00%.
Present Value
Present Value
of Agency
Capital Costs
Costs (RAC)
(CAP )
Total
Road Project Costs
BASE CASE 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
35.199 34.930 35.003 79.611 239.019 283.627 8.058 8.120 47.6 21.0 35.313
Study Name:
POKUASE INTERCHANGE
Run Date: 31/08/2015
Option 6: Directional (3 levels) Interchange Discount Rate: 12.00%.
Present Value
Present Value
of Agency
Capital Costs
Costs (RAC)
(CAP )
Total
Road Project Costs
BASE CASE 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
53.193 52.924 52.997 79.611 24.099 50.713 0.953 0.958 25.4 12.6 53.504
Page 1-41 of 82
Table APP7
HDM-4 Economic Indicators Summary
Study Name:
POKUASE INTERCHANGE
Run Date: 31/08/2015
Option 7: Semi-Directional (3 levels) Interchange Discount Rate: 12.00%.
Present Value
Present Value
of Agency
Capital Costs
Costs (RAC)
(CAP )
Total
Road Project Costs
BASE CASE 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
UPGRADE GRVL TO ASPHALT - Awoshie to Pokuase Road 38.84 38.71 38.79 24.76 4.56 -9.48 -0.244 -0.245 8.6 11.6 4.555 39.132
58.486 58.216 58.289 79.611 6.851 28.173 0.482 0.484 18.9 11.6 58.855
Page 1-42 of 82
ACCRA URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT (AUTP), PHASE 1
POKUASE INTERCHANGE E
Table APP8
Distribution of Unit Costs for Signal Control Maitenance Activities - At-Grade Signalised
Intersection
Financial Unit Cost (US Economic Unit Cost (US
Dollars) Dollars)
Name of Road Every 5 years Every 5 years
Nsawam road 40,000 34,000
ACP road 30,000 25,500
Awoshie New road 30,000 25,500
Total 100,000 85,000
Table APP9
Distribution of Unit Costs for Interchange Bridge Maintenance Activities
Financial Unit Cost (US Dollars) Economic Unit Cost (US Dollars)
Name of Road Every 5 years Every 20 years Every 5 years Every 20 years
Nsawam road 32,000.0 340,000.0 27,200.0 289,000.0
ACP road 24,000.0 255,000.0 20,400.0 216,750.0
Awoshie New road 24,000.0 255,000.0 20,400.0 216,750.0
Total 80,000.0 850,000.0 68,000.0 722,500.0
Page 1-43 of 82
Table APP10
Delay Work
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (US$/hr. ) (US$) (US$)
(Hrs.) trips (%)
At-Grade Signalised
1 2,280.6 107.6 2,173.0 76 165,148 0.37 61,105 15,887,238 80 12,709,790
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 2,280.6 175.3 2,105.3 76 160,003 0.37 59,201 15,392,269 80 12,313,815
3 3-Tier Signalised 2,280.6 54.3 2,226.3 76 169,199 0.37 62,604 16,276,925 80 13,021,540
4 Partial Clover Leaf 2,280.6 687.2 1,593.4 76 121,098 0.37 44,806 11,649,666 80 9,319,733
5 Full Clover Leaf 2,280.6 44.6 2,236.0 76 169,936 0.37 62,876 16,347,843 80 13,078,275
6 Directional (3 levels) 2,280.6 242.3 2,038.3 76 154,911 0.37 57,317 14,902,419 80 11,921,935
Semi-Directional (3
7 2,280.6 216.3 2,064.3 76 156,887 0.37 58,048 15,092,510 80 12,074,008
levels)
Page 1-44 of 82
Table APP11

Delay Work
Type of without Total Total Time Related Net Savings (Year % Change -
Interchange/Scheme Project Persons Gain (Hrs.) Passenger- 2 - US$) Net Savings
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (US$/hr. ) (US$) (US$)
(Hrs.) trips (%)
a b c d e=c-d f g=e*f h i=g*h j = 260 * i k l = j * k /100 Yr1 - Yr2
At-Grade Signalised
1 2,470.8 755.0 1,715.8 76 130,401 0.37 48,248 12,544,557 80 10,035,646 -21.0
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 2,470.8 705.1 1,765.7 76 134,193 0.37 49,651 12,909,386 80 10,327,509 -16.1
3 3-Tier Signalised 2,470.8 868.6 1,602.2 76 121,767 0.37 45,054 11,714,005 80 9,371,204 -28.0
4 Partial Clover Leaf 2,470.8 2,387.7 83.1 76 6,316 0.37 2,337 607,561 80 486,049 -94.8
5 Full Clover Leaf 2,470.8 754.6 1,716.2 76 130,431 0.37 48,260 12,547,481 80 10,037,985 -23.2
6 Directional (3 levels) 2,470.8 1,403.2 1,067.6 76 81,138 0.37 30,021 7,805,437 80 6,244,350 -47.6
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 2,470.8 1,136.1 1,334.7 76 101,437 0.37 37,532 9,758,259 80 7,806,607 -35.3
Page 1-45 of 82
Table APP12

Delay Work
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (US$/hr. ) (US$) (US$)
(Hrs.) trips (%)
At-Grade Signalised
1 3,267.9 3,112.8 155.1 76 11787.6 0.37 4,361 1,133,967 80 907,174 -55.1
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 3,267.9 3,419.9 -152.0 76 -11552.0 0.37 -4,274 -1,111,302 80 -889,042 -144.2
3 3-Tier Signalised 3,267.9 2,840.7 427.2 76 32467.2 0.37 12,013 3,123,345 80 2,498,676 -35.6
4 Partial Clover Leaf 3,267.9 3,608.6 -340.7 76 -25893.2 0.37 -9,580 -2,490,926 80 -1,992,741 -260.1
5 Full Clover Leaf 3,267.9 754.6 2513.3 76 191010.8 0.37 70,674 18,375,239 80 14,700,191 13.6
6 Directional (3 levels) 3,267.9 1,403.2 1864.7 76 141717.2 0.37 52,435 13,633,195 80 10,906,556 20.4
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 3,267.9 4,214.5 -946.6 76 -71941.6 0.37 -26,618 -6,920,782 80 -5,536,626 -189.2
Page 1-46 of 82
Table APP13

Delay Work
Delay with Time Average Value Total Time Total Time % Change
Item Project Gain/Person of Time Savings/Day Savings/Yr. - Net
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (US$/hr. ) (US$) (US$) Savings
(Hrs.) trips (%)
At-Grade Signalised
1 11,082.3 13,462.2 -2,379.9 76 -180,872.4 0.37 -66,923 -17,399,925 80 -13,919,940 -272.7
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 11,082.3 15,378.6 -4,296.3 76 -326,518.8 0.37 -120,812 -31,411,109 80 -25,128,887 -95.1
3 3-Tier Signalised 11,082.3 13,931.9 -2,849.6 76 -216,569.6 0.37 -80,131 -20,833,996 80 -16,667,196 -246.2
4 Partial Clover Leaf 11,082.3 16,779.9 -5,697.6 76 -433,017.6 0.37 -160,217 -41,656,293 80 -33,325,034 -75.7
5 Full Clover Leaf 11,082.3 4,061.2 7,021.1 76 533,603.6 0.37 197,433 51,332,666 80 41,066,133 22.8
6 Directional (3 levels) 11,082.3 13,593.8 -2,511.5 76 -190,874.0 0.37 -70,623 -18,362,079 80 -14,689,663 -206.1
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 11,082.3 12,275.9 -1,193.6 76 -90,713.6 0.37 -33,564 -8,726,648 80 -6,981,319 4.7
Page 1-47 of 82
Table APP14
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - At-Grade Signalised Intersection

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Increase (%) Increase (%) Increase (%) Increase (%) Increase (%)
Net Savings Total Net Savings

Item Name of Road Lenth (km) Year 1-5 Yr5 - Yr10 Yr10 - Yr15 Yr15 - Yr20 Yr20 - Yr25
(Year 1 - US$) (Year 1 - US$)
1 Nsawam road 2.02 3,414,066 -46.6 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
2 ACP road 0.50 845,066 -46.6 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0

12,709,790
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 8,450,658 -46.6 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Total 7.52 12,709,790 -46.6 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Note: 1. Distribution of Time Savings is by Length of Road.
Table APP15
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - 3-Tier Rotary Interchange


1 Nsawam road 2.02 3,307,700 -100.0 -95.1 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
2 ACP road 0.50 818,738 -100.0 -95.1 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0

12,313,815
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 8,187,377 -100.0 -95.1 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Total 7.52 12,313,815 -100.0 -95.1 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Page 1-48 of 82
Table APP16
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - 3-Tier Signalised Interchange


1 Nsawam road 2.02 3,497,807 -33.7 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
2 ACP road 0.50 865,794 -33.7 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0

13,021,540
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 8,657,939 -33.7 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Total 7.52 13,021,540 -33.7 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Table APP17
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - Partial Clover Leaf Interchange


1 Nsawam road 2.02 2,503,439 -100.0 -75.7 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
2 ACP road 0.50 619,663 -100.0 -75.7 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0

9,319,733
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 6,196,631 -100.0 -75.7 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Total 7.52 9,319,733 -100.0 -75.7 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Page 1-49 of 82
Table APP18
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - Full Clover Leaf Interchange


1 Nsawam road 2.02 3,513,047 4.4 22.8 13.6 13.6 13.6
2 ACP road 0.50 869,566 4.4 22.8 13.6 13.6 13.6

13,078,275
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 8,695,661 4.4 22.8 13.6 13.6 13.6
Total 7.52 13,078,275 4.4 22.8 13.6 13.6 13.6
Table APP19
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - Directional (3 levels) Interchange


1 Nsawam road 2.02 3,202,435 3.4 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
2 ACP road 0.50 792,682 3.4 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0

11,921,935
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 7,926,819 3.4 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Total 7.52 11,921,935 3.4 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
Page 1-50 of 82
Table APP20
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - Semi-Directional (3 levels) Interchange


1 Nsawam road 2.02 3,243,284 -100.0 4.7 -73.0 -73.0 -73.0
2 ACP road 0.50 802,793 -100.0 4.7 -73.0 -73.0 -73.0

12,074,008
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 8,027,931 -100.0 4.7 -73.0 -73.0 -73.0
Total 7.52 12,074,008 -100.0 4.7 -73.0 -73.0 -73.0
Page 1-51 of 82
Table APP21
Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme - Sensitivity Analysis (20% Increase in Costs)
PV of Total Agency
(Million US$)
At-Grade Signalised
1 34.6 60.05 32.60 1.842 21.9 56.29
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 23.3 42.81 42.34 1.011 16.3 73.10
3 3-Tier Signalised 26.0 48.89 46.57 1.050 15.7 80.41
5 Full Clover Leaf 42.4 276.64 41.92 6.600 17.5 72.37
Table APP22
Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme - Sensitivity Analysis (20% Reduction in Traffic)
PV of Total Agency
(Million US$)
At-Grade Signalised
1 35.2 45.52 27.17 1.676 26.3 46.90
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 24.9 31.14 35.28 0.883 19.6 60.92
3 3-Tier Signalised 26.5 36.69 38.81 0.945 18.8 67.01
5 Full Clover Leaf 44.7 263.66 34.93 7.548 21.0 60.31
Page 1-52 of 82
Table APP23
Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme - Sensitivity Analysis (20% Reduction in Traffic)
PV of Total Agency
(Million US$)
At-Grade Signalised
1 38.7 62.87 27.17 2.314 21.0 46.90
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 28.7 49.71 35.28 1.409 15.7 60.92
3 3-Tier Signalised 29.3 53.48 38.81 1.378 15.1 67.01
5 Full Clover Leaf 44.3 235.82 34.93 6.751 16.8 60.31
Table APP24
Summary of Economic Evaluation by Proposed Scheme - Sensitivity Analysis (All Negative/Worst Case Scenario)
PV of Total Agency
(Million US$)
1 At-Grade Signalised Intersection 28.4 37.47 32.60 1.149 17.5 56.29
2 3-Tier Rotary 20.5 22.69 42.34 0.536 13.1 73.10
3 3-Tier Signalised 21.1 25.75 46.57 0.553 12.6 80.41
5 Full Clover Leaf 36.9 208.87 41.92 4.983 14.0 72.37
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 12.9 (4.81) 69.86 (0.069) 7.8 120.61
Page 1-53 of 82
Table APP25
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Sensitivity Analysis: 20% Increase in Costs, 2-Tier Interchanges)
PV of Total Agency Incremental Benefit-Cost

Total NPV (Million NPV/Cost Ratio Total Project Cost
Option Proposed Scheme Capital Costs (Million Ratio (IBCR) Remark
US$) (BCR) (Million US$)
US$)
Table APP26
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Sensitivity Analysis: 20% Increase in Costs, 3-Tier Interchanges)

Total NPV (Million NPV/Cost Ratio Total Project Cost
US$) (BCR) (Million US$)
(Million US$)
2 3-Tier Rotary 42.81 42.34 1.011 73.10
Page 1-54 of 82
Table APP27
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Sensitivity Analysis: 20% Reduction in Traffic, 2-Tier Interchanges)
Incremental Benefit-Cost
Total NPV PV of Total Agency Capital NPV/Cost Ratio Total Project Cost
Option Proposed Scheme Ratio (IBCR) Remark
(Million US$) Costs (Million US$) (BCR) (Million US$)
Table APP28
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Sensitivity Analysis: 20% Reduction in Traffic, 3-Tier Interchanges)
PV of Total Agency Incremental Benefit-Cost
Total NPV NPV/Cost Ratio Total Project Cost (Million
Option Proposed Scheme Capital Costs (Million Ratio (IBCR) Remark
(Million US$) (BCR) US$)
US$)
2 3-Tier Rotary 31.14 35.28 0.883 60.92
Page 1-55 of 82
Table APP29
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Sensitivity Analysis: 20% Reduction in Value of Time, 2-Tier Interchanges)
Total NPV PV of Total Agency Capital Total Project Cost
Option Proposed Scheme NPV/Cost Ratio (BCR) Ratio (IBCR) Remark
(Million US$) Costs (Million US$) (Million US$)
Table APP30
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Sensitivity Analysis: 20% Reduction in Value of Time, 3-Tier Interchanges)
2 3-Tier Rotary 49.71 35.28 1.409 60.92
Page 1-56 of 82
Table APP31
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Sensitivity Analysis: All Negative/Worst Case Scenario, 2-Tier Interchanges)
Table APP32
Summary of Economic Evaluation - Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis (Sensitivity Analysis: All Negative/Worst Case Scenario, 3-Tier Interchanges)
2 3-Tier Rotary 22.69 42.34 0.536 73.10
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) -4.81 69.86 -0.069 120.61 -1.312 IBCR < 0
Page 1-57 of 82
Table APP33
Summary of Total Project Costs by Proposed Scheme in Million US Dollars (20% Increase)
2 3-Tier Rotary 73.098 62.133
Note: 1. Costs include associated Ramps, etc. 2. Economic = Financial x 0.85.
Page 1-58 of 82
Table APP34
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars (20% Increase) - At-Grade Signalised Intersection
Nsawam road 2.02 7,484,742.62 6,362,031.23
ACP road 0.50 7,484,742.62 6,362,031.23
Awoshie New road 5.00 7,484,742.62 6,362,031.23
Total 7.52 22,454,227.86 19,086,093.68
Table APP35
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars (20% Increase) - 3-Tier Rotary Interchange
Nsawam road 2.02 9,720,444.96 8,262,378.22
ACP road 0.50 9,720,444.96 8,262,378.22
Awoshie New road 5.00 9,720,444.96 8,262,378.22
Total 7.52 29,161,334.88 24,787,134.65
Table APP36
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars (20% Increase) - 3-Tier Signalised Interchange
Nsawam road 2.02 10,692,489.46 9,088,616.04
ACP road 0.50 10,692,489.46 9,088,616.04
Awoshie New road 5.00 10,692,489.46 9,088,616.04
Total 7.52 32,077,468.37 27,265,848.11
Page 1-59 of 82
Table APP37
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars (20% Increase) - Partial Clover Leaf Interchange
Nsawam road 2.02 8,748,400.46 7,436,140.39
ACP road 0.50 8,748,400.46 7,436,140.39
Awoshie New road 5.00 8,748,400.46 7,436,140.39
Total 7.52 26,245,201.39 22,308,421.18
Table APP38
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars (20% Increase) - Full Clover Leaf Interchange
Nsawam road 2.02 9,623,240.51 8,179,754.43
ACP road 0.50 9,623,240.51 8,179,754.43
Awoshie New road 5.00 9,623,240.51 8,179,754.43
Total 7.52 28,869,721.53 24,539,263.30
Table APP39
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars (20% Increase) - Directional (3 levels) Interchange
Nsawam road 2.02 14,580,667.44 12,393,567.32
ACP road 0.50 14,580,667.44 12,393,567.32
Awoshie New road 5.00 14,580,667.44 12,393,567.32
Total 7.52 43,742,002.32 37,180,701.97
Page 1-60 of 82
Table APP40
Total Project Unit Costs in Million US Dollars (20% Increase) - Semi-Directional (3 levels) Interchange
Nsawam road 2.02 16,038,734.18 13,632,924.06
ACP road 0.50 16,038,734.18 13,632,924.06
Awoshie New road 5.00 16,038,734.18 13,632,924.06
Total 7.52 48,116,202.55 40,898,772.17
Table APP41
Total AADT (vpd) - Motorised Traffic
Name of Road AADT 2014 AADT 2014 (-20 Percent)
Nsawam road 33,744 26,995
ACP road 12,597 10,078
Awoshie New road 4,286 3,429
Table APP42
Total AADT (vpd) - Non-Motorised Traffic
Name of Road AADT 2014 AADT 2014 (-20 Percent)
Nsawam road 70 56
ACP road 13 10
Awoshie New road 19 15
Page 1-61 of 82
Table APP43
Summary of Value of Time (-20 Percent)

Value of 1 hour saved
Item Vehicle type
travelling time (US$/hr.)
1 car 0.4
2 taxi 0.4
3 Pick-up/vans/jeeps 0.3
4 small bus 0.3
5 medium bus 0.3
6 heavy bus 0.3
8 medium truck 0.3
9 heavy truck 0.3
11 motorcycle 0.2
Average Value 0.3
Page 62 of 82
Table APP44
Quantification of Benefits due to reduction in Delay (20% Reduction in Value of Time) - Time Savings (Year 1)
Delay Work
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (US$/hr. ) (US$) (US$)
(Hrs.) trips (%)
At-Grade Signalised
1 2,280.6 107.6 2,173.0 76.0 165,148.0 0.30 48,883.8 12,709,790 80.0 10,167,832.1
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 2,280.6 175.3 2,105.3 76.0 160,002.8 0.30 47,360.8 12,313,815.5 80.0 9,851,052.4
3 3-Tier Signalised 2,280.6 54.3 2,226.3 76.0 169,198.8 0.30 50,082.8 13,021,539.6 80.0 10,417,231.7
4 Partial Clover Leaf 2,280.6 687.2 1,593.4 76.0 121,098.4 0.30 35,845.1 9,319,732.9 80.0 7,455,786.3
5 Full Clover Leaf 2,280.6 44.6 2,236.0 76.0 169,936.0 0.30 50,301.1 13,078,274.6 80.0 10,462,619.6
6 Directional (3 levels) 2,280.6 242.3 2,038.3 76.0 154,910.8 0.30 45,853.6 11,921,935.2 80.0 9,537,548.1
Semi-Directional (3
7 2,280.6 216.3 2,064.3 76.0 156,886.8 0.30 46,438.5 12,074,008.1 80.0 9,659,206.5
levels)
Note: 1. Time savings apply only to Work related (Productive) Passenger-trips in the Morning. 2. Average Value of Time from HDM-4 Calibration for Ghana.
Page 1-63 of 82
Table APP45
Delay Work
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (US$/hr. ) (US$) (US$)
(Hrs.) trips (%)
At-Grade Signalised
1 2,470.8 755.0 1,715.8 76.0 130,400.8 0.30 38,598.6 10,035,645.6 80.0 8,028,516.5 -21.0
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 2,470.8 705.1 1,765.7 76.0 134,193.2 0.30 39,721.2 10,327,508.7 80.0 8,262,006.9 -16.1
3 3-Tier Signalised 2,470.8 868.6 1,602.2 76.0 121,767.2 0.30 36,043.1 9,371,203.7 80.0 7,496,963.0 -28.0
4 Partial Clover Leaf 2,470.8 2,387.7 83.1 76.0 6,315.6 0.30 1,869.4 486,048.6 80.0 388,838.9 -94.8
5 Full Clover Leaf 2,470.8 754.6 1,716.2 76.0 130,431.2 0.30 38,607.6 10,037,985.2 80.0 8,030,388.1 -23.2
6 Directional (3 levels) 2,470.8 1,403.2 1,067.6 76.0 81,137.6 0.30 24,016.7 6,244,349.7 80.0 4,995,479.8 -47.6
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 2,470.8 1,136.1 1,334.7 76.0 101,437.2 0.30 30,025.4 7,806,606.9 80.0 6,245,285.5 -35.3
Page 1-64 of 82
Table APP46
Delay Work
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (US$/hr. ) (US$) (US$)
(Hrs.) trips (%)
At-Grade Signalised
1 3267.9 3,112.8 155.1 76 11787.6 0.30 3,489.1 907,173.7 80.0 725,739.0 -55.1
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 3267.9 3,419.9 -152.0 76 -11552.0 0.30 -3,419.4 -889,041.9 80.0 -711,233.5 -144.2
3 3-Tier Signalised 3267.9 2,840.7 427.2 76 32467.2 0.30 9,610.3 2,498,675.7 80.0 1,998,940.6 -35.6
4 Partial Clover Leaf 3267.9 3,608.6 -340.7 76 -25893.2 0.30 -7,664.4 -1,992,740.7 80.0 -1,594,192.5 -260.1
5 Full Clover Leaf 3267.9 754.6 2513.3 76 191010.8 0.30 56,539.2 14,700,191.2 80.0 11,760,152.9 13.6
6 Directional (3 levels) 3267.9 1,403.2 1864.7 76 141717.2 0.30 41,948.3 10,906,555.7 80.0 8,725,244.6 20.4
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 3267.9 4,214.5 -946.6 76 -71941.6 0.30 -21,294.7 -5,536,625.5 80.0 -4,429,300.4 -189.2
Page 1-65 of 82
Table APP47
Delay Work
Delay with Time Average Value Total Time Total Time % Change
Item Project Gain/Person of Time Savings/Day Savings/Yr. - Net
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (US$/hr. ) (US$) (US$) Savings
(Hrs.) trips (%)
At-Grade Signalised
1 11,082.3 13,462.2 -2379.9 76 -180872.4 0.30 -53,538.2 -13,919,939.9 80.0 -11,135,951.9 -272.7
Intersection
2 3-Tier Rotary 11,082.3 15,378.6 -4296.3 76 -326518.8 0.30 -96,649.6 -25,128,886.8 80.0 -20,103,109.5 -95.1
3 3-Tier Signalised 11,082.3 13,931.9 -2849.6 76 -216569.6 0.30 -64,104.6 -16,667,196.4 80.0 -13,333,757.1 -246.2
4 Partial Clover Leaf 11,082.3 16,779.9 -5697.6 76 -433017.6 0.30 -128,173.2 -33,325,034.5 80.0 -26,660,027.6 -75.7
5 Full Clover Leaf 11,082.3 4,061.2 7021.1 76 533603.6 0.30 157,946.7 41,066,133.1 80.0 32,852,906.4 22.8
6 Directional (3 levels) 11,082.3 13,593.8 -2511.5 76 -190874.0 0.30 -56,498.7 -14,689,663.0 80.0 -11,751,730.4 -206.1
7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 11,082.3 12,275.9 -1193.6 76 -90713.6 0.30 -26,851.2 -6,981,318.7 80.0 -5,585,054.9 4.7
Page 1-66 of 82
Table APP48
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - At-Grade Signalised Intersection (20% Reduction in Value of Time)

1 Nsawam road 2.02 2,731,253 -46.6 -272.7 -159.6 -159.6 -159.6
2 ACP road 0.50 676,053 -46.6 -272.7 -159.6 -159.6 -159.6

10,167,832
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 6,760,527 -46.6 -272.7 -159.6 -159.6 -159.6
Total 7.52 10,167,832 -46.6 -272.7 -159.6 -159.6 -159.6
Table APP49
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - 3-Tier Rotary Interchange (20% Reduction in Value of Time)

1 Nsawam road 2.02 2,646,160 -112.1 -95.1 -103.6 -103.6 -103.6
2 ACP road 0.50 654,990 -112.1 -95.1 -103.6 -103.6 -103.6

9,851,052
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 6,549,902 -112.1 -95.1 -103.6 -103.6 -103.6
Total 7.52 9,851,052 -112.1 -95.1 -103.6 -103.6 -103.6
Page 1-67 of 82
Table APP50
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - 3-Tier Signalised Interchange (20% Reduction in Value of Time)

1 Nsawam road 2.02 2,798,246 -33.7 -246.2 -139.9 -139.9 -139.9
2 ACP road 0.50 692,635 -33.7 -246.2 -139.9 -139.9 -139.9

10,417,232
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 6,926,351 -33.7 -246.2 -139.9 -139.9 -139.9
Total 7.52 10,417,232 -33.7 -246.2 -139.9 -139.9 -139.9
Table APP51
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - Partial Clover Leaf Interchange (20% Reduction in Value of Time)

1 Nsawam road 2.02 2,002,751 -218.7 -75.7 -147.2 -147.2 -147.2
2 ACP road 0.50 495,730 -218.7 -75.7 -147.2 -147.2 -147.2

7,455,786
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 4,957,305 -218.7 -75.7 -147.2 -147.2 -147.2
Total 7.52 7,455,786 -218.7 -75.7 -147.2 -147.2 -147.2
Page 1-68 of 82

Table APP52
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - Full Clover Leaf Interchange (20% Reduction in Value of Time)

1 Nsawam road 2.02 2,810,438 4.4 22.8 13.6 13.6 13.6
2 ACP road 0.50 695,653 4.4 22.8 13.6 13.6 13.6

10,462,620
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 6,956,529 4.4 22.8 13.6 13.6 13.6
Total 7.52 10,462,620 4.4 22.8 13.6 13.6 13.6
Table APP53
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - Directional (3 levels) Interchange (20% Reduction in Value of Time)

1 Nsawam road 2.02 2,561,948 3.4 -206.1 -101.4 -101.4 -101.4
2 ACP road 0.50 634,145 3.4 -206.1 -101.4 -101.4 -101.4

9,537,548
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 6,341,455 3.4 -206.1 -101.4 -101.4 -101.4
Total 7.52 9,537,548 3.4 -206.1 -101.4 -101.4 -101.4
Page 1-69 of 82
Table APP54
Distribution of Time Savings by Road - Semi-Directional (3 levels) Interchange (20% Reduction in Value of Time)

1 Nsawam road 2.02 2,594,627 -150.7 4.7 -73.0 -73.0 -73.0
2 ACP road 0.50 642,234 -150.7 4.7 -73.0 -73.0 -73.0

9,659,207
3 Awoshie New road 5.00 6,422,345 -150.7 4.7 -73.0 -73.0 -73.0
Total 7.52 9,659,207 -150.7 4.7 -73.0 -73.0 -73.0
Page 1-70 of 82

Table APP55
Proposed Project Option: At-Grade Signalised Intersection

Discounted Net Economic Benefits (Million US$) Switching Value Analysis
Agency Benefits User Benefits A B
Construction Maintenance Agency User
Diverted Traffic
Other-
Costs Costs VOC Time VOC Time Total 3.41723 0.292649
Exogenous
Year (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$)
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -19.864 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -19.863 -67.877 -19.863
2018 -7.601 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -7.598 -25.967 -7.599
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 7.212 13.320 13.327 3.900
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 3.439 9.373 9.380 2.745
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 1.639 7.379 7.385 2.161
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 0.782 6.270 6.275 1.836
2023 0.000 -0.073 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.144 4.967 1.454
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933 4.937 1.445
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301 3.306 0.967
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061 2.065 0.604
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017 2.020 0.591
2028 0.000 -0.041 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.780 1.680 0.492
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689 1.693 0.495
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935 1.938 0.567
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107 2.110 0.617
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047 2.049 0.600
2033 0.000 -0.023 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.316 2.260 0.661
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576 2.578 0.754
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741 2.743 0.803
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852 2.854 0.835
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916 2.917 0.854
2038 0.000 -0.013 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.917 2.885 0.844
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913 2.914 0.853
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889 2.890 0.846
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785 2.786 0.815
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555 2.556 0.748
2043 0.298 -0.007 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.625 3.328 0.974
NPV 0.000 0.001
Page 1-71 of 82
Table APP56
Proposed Project Option: 3-Tier Rotary Interchange

Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -25.798 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -25.797 -63.444 -25.797
2018 -9.872 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -9.868 -24.272 -9.869
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 6.987 13.095 13.099 5.326
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 0.000 5.935 5.939 2.415
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 0.000 5.740 5.744 2.335
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 0.000 5.488 5.491 2.233
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.220 5.223 2.124
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933 4.935 2.007
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301 3.304 1.343
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061 2.063 0.839
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017 2.019 0.821
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.823 1.825 0.742
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689 1.691 0.688
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935 1.937 0.788
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107 2.109 0.857
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047 2.049 0.833
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.134 1.835 0.746
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576 2.577 1.048
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741 2.742 1.115
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852 2.853 1.160
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916 2.917 1.186
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.931 2.931 1.192
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913 2.914 1.185
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889 2.890 1.175
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785 2.786 1.133
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555 2.556 1.039
2043 0.387 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.722 3.287 1.337
NPV 0.000 0.000
Page 1-72 of 82
Table APP57
Proposed Project Option: 3-Tier Signalised Interchange

Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -28.378 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -28.376 -70.024 -28.376
2018 -10.859 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -10.855 -26.790 -10.856
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 7.389 13.497 13.501 5.471
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 4.374 10.309 10.313 4.179
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 2.589 8.329 8.333 3.377
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 1.533 7.021 7.024 2.846
2023 0.000 -0.073 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.144 5.037 2.041
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933 4.935 2.000
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301 3.304 1.339
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061 2.063 0.836
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017 2.019 0.818
2028 0.000 -0.041 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.780 1.719 0.697
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689 1.691 0.685
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935 1.937 0.785
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107 2.109 0.855
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047 2.049 0.830
2033 0.000 -0.023 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.316 2.282 0.925
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576 2.577 1.044
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741 2.742 1.111
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852 2.853 1.156
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916 2.917 1.182
2038 0.000 -0.013 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.917 2.897 1.174
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913 2.914 1.181
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889 2.890 1.171
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785 2.786 1.129
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555 2.556 1.036
2043 0.426 -0.007 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.753 3.367 1.364
NPV 0.000 0.000
Page 1-73 of 82
Table APP58
Proposed Project Option: Partial Clover Leaf Interchange

Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -23.218 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -23.217 -62.175 -23.217
2018 -8.885 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -8.881 -23.786 -8.882
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 5.288 11.396 11.401 4.257
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 0.000 5.935 5.939 2.218
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 0.000 5.740 5.744 2.145
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 0.000 5.488 5.492 2.051
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.220 5.223 1.950
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933 4.936 1.843
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301 3.304 1.234
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061 2.063 0.771
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017 2.019 0.754
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.823 1.825 0.682
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689 1.692 0.632
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935 1.937 0.723
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107 2.109 0.788
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047 2.049 0.765
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.134 1.790 0.668
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576 2.577 0.962
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741 2.742 1.024
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852 2.853 1.065
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916 2.917 1.089
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.931 2.931 1.095
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913 2.914 1.088
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889 2.890 1.079
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785 2.786 1.040
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555 2.556 0.954
2043 0.348 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.683 3.269 1.221
NPV -0.001 0.000
Page 1-74 of 82
Table APP59
Proposed Project Option: Full Clover Leaf Interchange

Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -25.540 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -25.539 -232.261 -25.539
2018 -9.773 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -9.769 -88.860 -9.771
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 7.421 13.529 13.553 1.490
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 6.917 12.852 12.874 1.416
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 6.448 12.188 12.208 1.342
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 6.010 11.499 11.517 1.266
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 6.590 11.810 11.827 1.300
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 7.226 12.158 12.174 1.339
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 7.922 11.223 11.238 1.236
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 8.686 10.747 10.760 1.183
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 9.524 11.541 11.553 1.270
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 9.660 11.483 11.494 1.264
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 9.798 11.487 11.498 1.264
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 9.938 11.873 11.883 1.307
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 10.080 12.187 12.195 1.341
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 10.224 12.271 12.278 1.350
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 10.370 12.504 10.842 1.192
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 10.518 13.094 13.100 1.440
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 10.668 13.409 13.415 1.475
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 10.821 13.673 13.678 1.504
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 10.975 13.891 13.896 1.528
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 11.132 14.063 14.067 1.547
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 11.291 14.204 14.208 1.562
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 11.452 14.341 14.345 1.577
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 11.616 14.401 14.405 1.584
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 11.782 14.337 14.340 1.577
2043 0.383 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 11.950 14.668 17.773 1.954
NPV 0.000 0.001
Page 1-75 of 82
Table APP60
Proposed Project Option: 3-Tier Directional Interchange

Diverted Traffic
Other-
Exogenous
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -38.697 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -38.696 -76.017 -38.696
2018 -14.808 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -14.804 -29.084 -14.805
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 6.765 12.873 12.876 6.554
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 6.245 12.180 12.183 6.201
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 5.766 11.506 11.508 5.858
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 5.323 10.811 10.813 5.504
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.220 5.222 2.658
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933 4.934 2.512
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301 3.303 1.681
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061 2.062 1.050
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017 2.018 1.027
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.823 1.824 0.929
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689 1.691 0.861
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935 1.936 0.986
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107 2.108 1.073
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047 2.048 1.043
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.134 1.936 0.986
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576 2.577 1.312
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741 2.742 1.396
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852 2.853 1.452
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916 2.916 1.485
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.931 2.931 1.492
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913 2.913 1.483
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889 2.890 1.471
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785 2.786 1.418
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555 2.556 1.301
2043 0.581 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.916 3.476 1.769
NPV 0.001 0.000
Page 1-76 of 82
Table APP61
Proposed Project Option: 3-Tier Semi-Directional Interchange

Diverted Traffic
Other-
Costs Costs VOC Time VOC Time Exogeno Total 1.49104 0.67067
Year (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Milus
US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$) (Mil US$)
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2017 -42.567 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -42.565 -63.467 -42.565
2018 -16.288 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -16.285 -24.282 -16.285
2019 0.000 0.003 5.728 0.241 0.129 0.007 6.851 12.959 12.960 8.692
2020 0.000 0.003 5.441 0.227 0.251 0.013 0.000 5.935 5.936 3.981
2021 0.000 0.003 5.143 0.211 0.365 0.018 0.000 5.740 5.741 3.850
2022 0.000 0.002 4.801 0.195 0.467 0.023 0.000 5.488 5.489 3.681
2023 0.000 0.002 4.453 0.180 0.557 0.028 0.000 5.220 5.221 3.501
2024 0.000 0.002 4.089 0.165 0.645 0.032 0.000 4.933 4.934 3.309
2025 0.000 0.002 2.618 0.134 0.516 0.031 0.000 3.301 3.302 2.215
2026 0.000 0.002 1.520 0.124 0.382 0.034 0.000 2.061 2.061 1.383
2027 0.000 0.002 1.437 0.118 0.423 0.038 0.000 2.017 2.018 1.353
2028 0.000 0.001 1.250 0.105 0.427 0.039 0.000 1.823 1.823 1.223
2029 0.000 0.001 1.125 0.097 0.426 0.039 0.000 1.689 1.690 1.133
2030 0.000 0.001 1.333 0.108 0.451 0.042 0.000 1.935 1.936 1.298
2031 0.000 0.001 1.613 0.120 0.340 0.033 0.000 2.107 2.108 1.414
2032 0.000 0.001 1.732 0.115 0.180 0.018 0.000 2.047 2.048 1.373
2033 0.000 -0.205 2.007 0.130 0.184 0.019 0.000 2.134 2.034 1.364
2034 0.000 0.001 2.225 0.142 0.189 0.019 0.000 2.576 2.576 1.728
2035 0.000 0.001 2.379 0.150 0.193 0.019 0.000 2.741 2.741 1.839
2036 0.000 0.001 2.482 0.154 0.196 0.019 0.000 2.852 2.852 1.913
2037 0.000 0.001 2.542 0.157 0.198 0.019 0.000 2.916 2.916 1.956
2038 0.000 0.001 2.559 0.156 0.197 0.018 0.000 2.931 2.931 1.966
2039 0.000 0.000 2.547 0.154 0.194 0.017 0.000 2.913 2.913 1.954
2040 0.000 0.000 2.531 0.152 0.189 0.016 0.000 2.889 2.889 1.938
2041 0.000 0.000 2.444 0.146 0.181 0.014 0.000 2.785 2.786 1.868
2042 0.000 0.000 2.241 0.133 0.169 0.012 0.000 2.555 2.556 1.714
2043 0.639 0.000 2.049 0.121 0.156 0.009 0.000 2.974 3.287 2.205
NPV 0.000 0.000
Page 1-77 of 82

Draft Final Report Vol 5: Economic Evaluation: Accra Urban Transport Project (Autp), Phase 1 - Pokuase Interchange

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Draft Final Report Vol 5: Economic Evaluation: Accra Urban Transport Project (Autp), Phase 1 - Pokuase Interchange

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MINISTRY OF ROADS AND

ACCRA URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT (AUTP),

DRAFT FINAL REPORT

VOL 5: ECONOMIC EVALUATION

ASSOCIATED CONSULTANTS LTD

POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... ii

POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

1.0 ECONOMIC EVALUATION

1.1 Excel Model for the selection of Bridge Structure/Material Type

1.2 Highway Development and Management Investment Model, (HDM-4)

1.2.1 HDM-4 Input Data

1.2.1.1 Existing Road Characteristics

Road surface condition

POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

These are presented in the Appendix to this report.

1.2.1.2 Vehicle Fleet Characteristics

1.2.1.3 Road Works Standards

POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

Table 1.2.1.1: Vehicle Fleet Characteristics

1. VEHICLE FLEET CHARACTERISTICS

AVERAGE SERVICE LIFE 10.00 12.00 12 13 13 12 12 12 14 14

% OF PASSENGER TRIPS WHICH ARE

EQIVALENT STANDARD AXLE LOAD

POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

Table 1.2.1.2: Work Standards for Road Maintenance Activities

Maintenance Activity Frequency Response Criteria

Routine Every year

Maintenance Activity Frequency Response Criteria

Routine Every year

Replacement and restoration of damaged concrete with

Replacement of damaged bearing pads 20 Will occur Once over the

POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

1.2.1.4 Economic Costs

Capital Costs of the Project

Table 1.2.1.4: Summary of Project Costs by Proposed Scheme

Summary of Project Costs by Proposed Scheme in Million US Dollars

Option Proposed Scheme Financial Economic

1 At-Grade Signalised Intersection 31.039 26.383

2 3-Tier Rotary 45.050 38.292

3 3-Tier Signalised 51.141 43.470

4 Partial Clover Leaf 38.958 33.115

5 Full Clover Leaf 44.441 37.774

6 Directional (3 levels) 75.507 64.181

7 Semi-Directional (3 levels) 84.644 71.948

POKUASE INTERCHANGE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

Table 1.2.1.5: Distribution of Project Costs by Existing Road

Summary of Project Costs by Existing Road in Million US Dollars

1 Nsawam road - 2.02 km 7.218 6.135

2 ACP road - 0.5 km 0.786 0.668

3 Awoshie New road - 5 km 7.861 6.682

Total 15.865 13.485

Table 1.2.1.6: Summary of Total Project Costs by Proposed Scheme

Summary of Total Project Costs by Proposed Scheme in Million US Dollars

Option Proposed Scheme Financial Economic

1 At-Grade Signalised Intersection 46.904 39.869

2 3-Tier Rotary 60.915 51.778

3 3-Tier Signalised 67.006 56.955

4 Partial Clover Leaf 54.823 46.600

5 Full Clover Leaf 60.306 51.260