Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Cell Membrane Name: Jocelyn Hernandez

Class/Period: 5
Date: 1/29/2017
Essential Question: How and why do substances move across a cell membrane?

Questions: Notes:
Cell theory: well tested description that unifies a range of
observations by multiple scientist
What is the most important Three things that describe a cell: 1. All living things are composed
part of a cell and its of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in
function? living 3. New cells are produced from existing cells
` Cells: Mora shapes and sizes have genetic material (DNA/RNA)
have in a cell membrane have cytoplasmtosis
No Nucleus=Prokaryotic (bacteria)
Nucleus=fukariatic (animals, plants)

Function: Protect and supports the cell. Regulates the transport

materials in and out of the cell
Lipid bilayer: a double layer sheet of phospholipids that makes up
the cell membrane. It provides a flexible structure that forms a
strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Cholesterol Chain
Why is it important Polar/Hydrophilic: water-loving heads face out
for molecules to Nonpolar/Hydrophobic: water hating tails face inside rear
pass through the Fluid Mosaic Model: cell membrane is made up of many different
cell membrane? parts that freely move
Small molecules: go through protein channels
Large molecules: have to be pumped
Imbedded proteins
Two proteins
Peripheral proteins surface
Can anything else Embedded Protein: proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer. Acts
that isnt the as a channel or pump that helps move material across the
selectively membrane
permeable help Charbohydrate Chain: Acts like chemical identification cards
molecules pass allowing individual cells to identify one another
through? Selectively Permeable: some substances can pass through the cell
membrane but other cant
Nonpolar/Hydrophilic: pass through easy

Summary: Substances need to move across the cell membrane because molecules need to get to an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration, or an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration,
which is called Passive Transport and Active Transport. Small and large molecules are used of both
transportations. The molecules have to pass through the semi permeable into or out of the cell membrane to get to
the concentration they need to be. But also, small molecules get passed through easy through the protein channel
and larger molecules have to get pumped due to their size and polarity. Nonpolar molecules get passed through
easily along with small molecules while polar and large molecules cant.

Questions: Notes:
Passive Transport: movement of substances into/out of a cell without using energy.

How are the types High Low concentration

of passive transport 3 types: 1. Simple diffusion (down gradient until e.g.)
and active 2. Facilitated diffusion (requires special
transport different? protein)
3. Osmosis (diffusion of water via
aquaporin)
Brownian Motion: molecules randomly bounce around until theyre
spread out equally.
Dynamic equilibrium (equal motion)
Simple Diffusion: molecules move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
Why is osmosis
different from Move down the concentration gradient until dynamic
simple and equilibrium is reacted
facilitated Non-charged small molecules
diffusion? No channels needed
Facilitated Diffusion: larger molecules require help pass through
the cell membrane
Requires protein channels (specific)
Ions glucose
High concentration low concentration
Osmosis: Diffusion of water through the cell membrane
Uses special channels called equilibrium
High low, down concentration gradient
Hypotonic: low concentration of solute and high concentration of
water
Hypertonic: high concentration of solute and low concentration of
water
Isotonic: concentration of solute and water is equal

Active Transport: the process of transporting a small and large

Do molecules have molecule AGAINST their concentration gradient
to be in one of -from an area of low concentration to an area of higher
these hypertonic, concentration
hypotonic, or
isotonic? -this requires energy INPUT ATP
4 types: 1. Ion Pumps
Small molecules pass
2. Cotransport
3. Endocytosis
Large molecules pass
4. Exocytosis
Ion Pumps: pumps anything that has a positive or negative sign
through
Cotransport: is the transport of ion with something else
Endo: moving IN
Exo: moving OUT

Phagocytosis when a cell engulfs a solid particle

Pinocytosis when a cell engulfs a liquid particle
Receptor Mediated binding of ligands to receptors triggers
vesicles formation
Ligand is any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of
another molecule
Exo proteins, nutrients, and waste exit by exocytosis, vesicles
carry and release objects through the plasma membrane

Summary: Substances need to move across the cell membrane to be in an area of high or low concentration. The
substances in the passive transport does not require energy and gets the help of osmosis, simple and facilitated
diffusion. While substances in active transport does require energy along with the help of ion pumps, cotransport,
endocytosis, and exocytosis. As being shown, the types of passive and active transports are quite different from
each other which means they work differently. Passive and Active are really different from each other and its just
not because of their types.