CDR 1

COMPUTER AIDED TEXTILE DESIGN
(CATD)
TEXTILE DEIGNING & PRINTING
CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME
DISTANCE EDUCATION PROGRAMME

DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE ( DEEMED UNIVERSITY)
i
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or by any Information storage and retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher.
ISBN: XXXXXXXXXXX
DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE (DEEMED UNIVERSITY),
Published by:
Saran D. Bhatnagar
Central Administrative Office
DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE ( DEEMED UNIVERSITY),
DAYALBAGH, AGRA-282005
PH: 0562-2801545, FAX: 0562-2801226
EMAIL: dec.dei@gmail.com, parulpb@gmail.com
Printed at:
Textile Digital Lab, Agra
ii
COURSE NO. CTD 204
COMPUTER AIDED TEXTILE DESIGN (CATD)
CONTENTS PAGE NO.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
PREFACE iii
UNIT 1 WORKING WITH OBJECTS

LESSON 1 CORELDRAW: AN INTRODUCTION 3
LESSON 2 USING CORELDRAW FOR DESIGN 13
LESSON 3 SYMBOLS AND DRAWINGS 29
UNIT 2 WORKING WITH PAGES AND LAYOUT TOOLS

LESSON 4 PAGE LAYOUT 45
LESSON 5 PAGE MANAGEMENT 61
LESSON 6 USING GUIDELINES 69
UNIT 3 ADDING AND FORMATTING TEXT

LESSON 7 CREATING AND FORMATTING TEXT DOCUMENTS 83
LESSON 8 STYLIZING TEXT 95
LESSON 9 CREATING A DESIGN LIBRARY 105
UNIT 4 DESIGNING A LOGO FOR YOUR FIRM

LESSON 10 DESIGN RETRIEVAL 117
LESSON 11 CREATING DESIGNS 129
LESSON 12 SCANNING DESIGNS 143
UNIT 5 PRINTING
LESSON 13 PRINTING OF BROMIDES 153
LESSON 14 TILE PRINTING 169
LESSON 15 COLOUR MANAGEMENT IN CORELDRAW 177
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
STEERING COMMITTEE ON DISTANCE EDUCATION
Prof. V.G. Das, Director, DEI
Prof. S.S. Srivastava, Registrar, DEI
Prof. S.S. Bhojwani, Advisor, Distance Education cell
Prof. V.B. Gupta, Coordinator, Distance Education Cell
Prof. Pami Dua, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi
Prof. Satish Kumar, Physics & Computer Science, DEI
COURSE COORDINATORS
Dr. (Ms.) Parul Bhatnagar, Textile Design Unit, Dept of Drawing & Painting, DEI
Mr. Vidhu Kashyap, Director, Dept. of Personnel & Training, Ministry of
Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Govt. of India
CONTRIBUTERS
AUTHORS Mr. A.K. Hajela, DGM (IT), NTPC, Delhi
Ms. P.Meeta Prasad, Textile Design Unit, DEI
ILLUSTRATIONS Ms. Aruna Sharma, Creative Director, India Today, Delhi
AND GRAPHICS Textile Design Unit, DEI
REVIEW Ms. K. Padmaja, Faculty, NIFD, Vishakhapatnam
Ms. Rashmi Saini, Faculty, AADEI, Dayalbagh
Mr. D.S. Prakash, E-Learning Unit, Dept. of ACEEFO, DEI
EDITORS Textile Design Unit, DEI
Col. P.D.Gupta, Colonel Indian Army
Ms. Kshema Prakash, Faculty Librarian Gr I, Central Library,
DEI
Ms. Moushumi Gupta, Soami Nagar Primary School, New Delhi
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PREFACE
Application of computer technology has revolutionized the design process in
textile industry. Accordingly personnel with a variety of skills are needed for
developing designs. The present course has been developed keeping this need
in mind. The course deals with CorelDRAW, an important graphic programme
used by Textile Designers. The other graphics programmes are listed in Lesson 1
and a student well-versed in CorelDRAW can learn them without much difficulty.
The course on Computer Aided Textile Designing (CTD-204) is comprised

of fifteen self-contained lessons, which have been grouped into five Units. Screen
captures or colour pictures are depicted according to requirements. The first Unit
explains working with Objects using CorelDraw while Unit Two elaborates on how
to set up page layout, insert guide lines for ease of design along with its
management for a comfortable and meaningful working. We then move to the
Third Unit which is about creating, formatting, stylizing text and creating a Design
Library. The Fourth Unit is about design retrieval, scanning etc. and finally the
Fifth Unit deals with printing of designs on bromide .along with its colour
management. Students may note how the entire computer-based design process
is geared to increasing productivity through the use of computer based skills and
cuts the time required for design development and its modification, for securing
its approval.
This course is an extremely valuable one for upcoming designers. The

material has been developed and assimilated comprehensively and accurately in
the form of this booklet along with e-lessons in the form of DVDs self-learning.
We are grateful to the Madhubala Institute of Communication and

Electronic Media, New Delhi Textile Design unit DEI and Menka Khare, Dept. of
ACEEFO DEI, for helping us in making of the DVDs. We are also grateful to Ms.
Rakhi Chawla, Ms. Ruhi Gogia for the assistance rendered by them in various
ways.
It is with great joy that I thank all those who have generously contributed
their time and knowledge which has resulted in the valuable study material for the
students registered in this programme. Each contributor can take credit for its
success; none is responsible for its inadequacies; all have my profound gratitude.
May 2008 Parul Bhatnagar
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UNIT 1 WORKING WITH OBJECTS
LESSON 1 CORELDRAW: AN INTRODUCTION
LESSON 2 USING CORELDRAW FOR DESIGN

LESSON 3 SYMBOLS AND DRAWINGS
1
LESSON 1 CORELDRAW: AN INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE
1.0 OBJECTIVES
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO CAD/CATD
1.2 IMPORTANT GRAPHICS PROGRAMS
1.3 GETTING STARTED WITH CORELDRAW
1.3.1 OPENING CORELDRAW

1.3.2 CORELDRAW APPLICATION WINDOW
1.3.3 WINDOW COMPONENTS
1.4 TOOLS OVERVIEW
1.5 ASSIGNMENTS
1.5.1 CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

1.5.2 HOME ASSIGNMENTS
1.6 SUMMING UP
1.7 POSSIBLE ANSWERS TO SELF-CHECK QUESTIONS
1.8 TERMINAL QUESTIONS
1.9 REFERENCES
1.10 SUGGESTED FURTHER READING
1.11 GLOSSARY
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CTD 204 Unit 1, Lesson 1
1. CORELDRAW: AN INTRODUCTION
Today, computers have become an integral part of life. No wonder, they
are used for designing.
In this lesson, the important graphics programs will first be listed and then
one of these, viz. CorelDraw will be described. The tools used in CorelDraw will
then be discussed. In view of the important place that CorelDraw has in textile
designing, this whole course of fifteen lessons will be devoted to a detailed
understanding of this very versatile designing tool.
________________________________________________________________
1.0 Objectives
After going through this lesson, you will be able to
Understand various graphics software.
Use various menu bars and graphic tools of CorelDraw.
Use various text tools and docker tools in CorelDraw.
1.1 Introduction
A person who was good at performing numerical calculations was called a
human computer much before computers came into being. The use of
mechanical calculating devices made his task less demanding. The use of
punched paper cards to run jacquard looms came up around 1800. The
development of transistors followed by microprocessors based on integrated
circuits led to the size of the computers becoming smaller and its price also came
down.
Designing with computers is called computer aided designing (CAD) and

textile designing with computers is called computer aided textile designing
(CATD).
Designing with computers offers so many advantages that engineers,

technologists, professionals and so many others make use of them in their
everyday work. Some of the major advantages are:
We can save a lot of time and labour.
We can make designs with very great accuracy.
We can make a number of colour combinations of one design in a very

short-time period.
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We can make very complicated designs with different texture and colour
effect very easily.
1.2 Important Graphics Programs

Some of the important graphics programs, which are used by designers,
are given below:
CorelDraw
Corel Photo-paint
Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Illustrator
Macromedia Freehand
Macromedia Fireworks
L-View
U-Lead
In this course, we will study CorelDraw.
1.3 Getting Started with CorelDraw

CorelDraw is one of the most popular and powerful graphics programs and
gives designers a most rewarding and enjoyable work experience. It is built and
designed to meet the day-to-day demands of working designers.
CorelDraw software is available in the market and once loaded onto the
computer, you can get started with your designing work.
1.3.1 Opening CorelDraw
Switch on the computer and take the following steps:
Go to Start and select Programs from the list. (The welcome screen at
start-up is shown in the next figure).
Find the Corel section and select CorelDraw.
Choose Open Graphic for old design. New Graphic creates a new, one
page document. Template allows access to professionally created
templates from the library. Corel Tutor gives a brief overview of how to
use the program.
What's New? shows improvements over the earlier Version.

Designer.com connects you to a web site where you can find many helpful
areas.
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1.3.2 CorelDraw application window

The CorelDraw application window looks like the one illustrated here.
1.3.3 Window components

The various window components in CorelDraw are:
Title bar
Menu bar
Property bar
Tool bar (Standard)
Tool box
Rulers
Drawing page
Drawing window
Colour palette
Docker
Status bar
Document navigator
Navigator
These components and options will be known while working.
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1.4 Tools Overview
The Toolbox is located in the left portion of the window and contains all the
drawing and editing tools necessary to create objects for an illustration. Tools
containing a small triangle in the corner produce a Flyout. These are described
as:
Pick Tool Selects objects. Once selected, you can use the Pick
Tool for move, stretch, scale, rotate, and skew objects.
Shape Tool Reshapes objects by moving nodes, lines, and control

points.
Zoom Tool changes the current view of the drawing.
Freehand Tool draws lines and curves. You can also use this tool
to trace bitmaps.
Activity 1: Draw a flower with eight petals by using free hand tool
and shape tool. Draw a square by using pen tool. Place this flower
inside the square with the help of pick tool. Now fill the colours in
flower and square.
Smart Drawing Tool converts the freehand strokes you draw to

basic shapes and smoothed curves.
Rectangle Tool draws rectangles and squares. Squares are

created by using the Control key while drawing.
Ellipse Tool draws ellipses and circles. Circles are created by

holding down the Control key as you draw.
Graph Paper Tool draws a collection of boxes that simulate a sheet

of graph paper.
Perfect Shapes Tool - A collection of objects, which you can add to

your drawing.
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Activity 2: Make two compositions by using the following shapes - rectangle,

circle, polygon, spiral, star, and triangle.
Text Tool - Adds either Artistic or Paragraph text to your

drawing.
Interactive Blend Tool - Allows you to merge objects.
Eyedropper Tool - Allows you to select a color within an object,

especially a bitmap, and allows you to apply that color to
another object.
Outlines Tool - Sets the outline style of an object or a line. This

includes the line type, ends, color, and weight.
Note: The fly out tools of all the main tools helps us in creating
intricate designs more easily, and makes the task easy.
________________________________________________________________
Activity 3: Make two or three different shapes or write some text and try to use
the following tools in that drawing.
Interactive Blend tool
Interactive Contour tool
Interactive Transparency tool
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Interactive Drop shadow tool
________________________________________________________________
Fill Tool - Assigns the fill style of any object.
Interactive Fill Tool - Allows you to apply Fountain fills (gradients)

using the mouse. The flyout gives access to the Mesh fill Tool.
Activity 4: Make a floral pattern for table cloth by using the following tools:
1. Freehand tool
2. Shape Tool
3. Outline Tool
4. Transparency Tool
5. Fountain Fill Dialog Box
6. Interactive Mesh Fill Tool
Self-check Questions
1. What are various menu bars in CorelDraw?
2. What are different tools in CorelDraw?
3. What are fill tools?
4. Write the name of various fill tools.
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1.5 Assignments
1.5.1 Class assignments
i) Create a design using free hand tool and its flyouts.
ii) Apply some effects to the design created, using interactive blend tool.
1.5.2 Home assignment
i) Create a pattern design using duplicating technique and aplly some effects
using artistic media tool.
1.6 Summing Up
In this lesson we learnt about the basic operations and features in
CorelDraw. To begin with we studied about opening CorelDraw followed by
CorelDraw application window, brief description of window components and
about various tools used while working with CorelDraw.
1.7 Possible Answers to Self-check Questions

1. a. Standard toolbar
b. Property bar
c. Main tool box
d. Rulers
e. Colour palette
f. Status bar
g. Page navigator
h. Docker tabs
2. a. Pick tool
b. Shape tool
c. Rectangle tool
d. Zoom tool
e. Freehand tool
f. Ellipse tool
3. Assigns the colour fill style of any object.
4. a. Fountain fill
b. Pattern fill
c. Transform fill
d. Texture fill
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1.8 Terminal Questions
1. What are the major components of CorelDraw application window?
2. Discuss the toolbox of CorelDraw.
3. Describe in brief, the contents of menu bar.
1.9 References
1. CorelDraw Graphics Suite 12, User guide.
1.10 Suggested Further Reading

1. http://www.corel.com
1.11 Glossary
1. Jacquard A loom with an attachment for forming
openings for the passage of the shuttle
between the warp threads
2. Mesh An interconnected or intersecting configuration

or system of components
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LESSON 2 USING CORELDRAW FOR DESIGN
STRUCTURE
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 WORKING WITH LINE, RECTANGLES AND POLYGONS
2.2.1 LINES
2.2.2 SELECTION AND MANIPULATION OF AN OBJECT
2.2.3 DASHED LINES
2.2.4 WORKING WITH RECTANGLES
2.2.5 THE POLYGON TOOLS
2.3 WORKING WITH SPIRALS AND CIRCLES
2.3.1 SPIRAL
2.3.2 CIRCLE
2.4 ARRANGEMENT OF OBJECTS
2.4.1 CHANGING THE ORDER OF OBJECTS

2.4.2 ALIGN OBJECTS
2.4.3 DISTRIBUTE OBJECT SETS
2.4.4 GROUP AND UNGROUP OBJECTS
2.4.5 ROTATING AND SKEWING OBJECTS
2.5 EXERCISES
2.6 ASSIGNMENTS

2.7 SUMMING UP
2.10 SUGGESTED FURTHER READING AND REFERENCES
2.11 GLOSSARY
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2. USING CORELDRAW FOR DESIGN

In Lesson 1 of this Unit we were introduced to CAD/CATD and basic
operations and facilities of CorelDraw. In this lesson we will use Tool Bars and
will learn to work with objects.
2.0 Objectives
Understand use various flyout options.
Select and manipulate objects for it shape thickness and colour.
Change the alignment, order, group and rotate objects.
2.1 Introduction
In the first semester we learnt how to draw an object in Unit 5 of CTD 103
while studying Digitizer and Tablets. Free hand drawing with the help of a
digitizer tablet requires the person to be skilled at sketching with running hand,
but for the users who are not so good at free hand sketching Corel draw provides
numerous in-built standard shapes, with the help of which one can draw quickly
and easily, giving a professional touch to ones piece of drawing and designing.
For example, to draw a circle or a neat curve or even a perfect arc, is not
everyones cup of tea, but with Corel Draw, this is actually a childs play. So let us
now learn to work with free hand tool to draw the basic shapes available in Corel
such as:- Lines, Rectangles, Polygons, Spirals, and circles. We shall also learn
the proper way of selection and manipulation and arrangement of an object
created in Corel Draw Graphics.
2.2 Working with Lines, Rectangles and Polygons

2.2.1 Lines
Lines can be made using the Free hand Tool (Fourth from the top in the
tool bar). Just click where the line is desired and drag the mouse till the required
length. The shape of the line (whether wavy or straight) will be according to the
movement of the mouse. For an absolutely straight line, press Control and drag
the mouse. A single click will end the line. For Zig Zag lines first single click, then
move the mouse upwards and then double click. The double click starts a fresh
line at the very same point and then moves the mouse downwards. Repeat the
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procedure for as long as the zig zags are required. Terminate the length with a
single click.
2.2.2 Selection and manipulation of an object
Selection of object is a basic requirement in Corel. It can be done in 3

ways:
o Firstly, using the Pick Tool, by simply selecting the object.
o Secondly using the Marquee tool. For this select the pick tool and click
and mark the area by dragging the mouse. All the objects in the area
will get selected.
o Thirdly using the Tab key. This is used when the objects are very small
and clicking on the object is difficult. On using the Tab key each object
on the screen gets selected one by one.
Once it is selected, you can manipulate an object as follows:
o Duplicating Objects: Just select the object and press Ctrl+D. That will
create the exact copy of the object.
o Changing Outline Thickness: Select the object. Then click on the

Outline tool (Third last icon from the bottom). The Fly out give the
various options of thickness like 2pt, 4pt, 8pt and so on.
In the following figure, the thinnest line is 2 pt and the thickest line is 35pts.
You can also type the thickness figure on the property bar. In the illustrations, the
straight lines with various thicknesses have been duplicated and arranged.
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Filling and outlining objects with colour: Clicking on a colour from the
colour palette does colouring. The colour palette appears by clicking Windows,
and then selecting colour Dockers. One can select any colour model like RGB or
CMYK or so on. CMYK is selected when the work is to be printed.
Any object has two components. The outline and the area enclosed. The
outline and the object can have different colours. To change the colour of the
object, left click on the colour in the colour palette. To change the colour of the
outline right click on the colour in the colour palette. The colour of single thick
lines can be changed through a right click. The figure below illustrates this.
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2.2.3 Dashed Lines
You can select various styles of lines like the dashed, dotted lines etc. (As
shown in the next figure). The options to change the line features are displayed in
the Property bar.
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2.2.4 Working with Rectangles
Select the Rectangle tool, click and drag the mouse. The size of the
rectangle will change as one drags the mouse.
To make a square select the Rectangle tool in the tool box and hold the
Ctrl as you drag it. A simple rectangle A has been drawn in the next
figure.
Transforming the Rectangle: The rectangle can be rounded. For this select
the Rectangle Corner Roundness icon in the Property bar. To change the
corner roundness equally, click on the Lock icon. If you deselect this icon
one can select different roundness for each corner. B and C depict the
rounded rectangles. B has equal roundness in all the corners while C
has different roundness.
1. How do you use modifying lines?
2. How do you select and manipulate objects?
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2.2.5 The Polygon Tools
The polygon tool offers different options to create various shapes. The
default shape of the polygon is the pentagon: a five sided object. You can change
the number of sides that you draw with the Polygon tool. If the polygon is defined
as a three sided object it then forms the triangle A as shown in the next figure.
Up to 500 sided polygons can be made using this tool. To change the
number of sides a dialog box appears on double clicking the polygon tool. (B,
and C). In D, E, F of the same figure the number of sides of the star has
been increased and the outline is thickened.
Using the Polygon tool you can also create stars. One simply has to define
the number of points needed in a star. One can change the number of sided
required on the Property bar also.
________________________________________________________________
Activity: Quilt Design
Using Graph Paper Tool, draw the square; for the background Fill tool was
selected, then Texture Fill dialog, select sample7, Dry lands. For the plain
squares polygon tool was selected and polygon shape was drawn. Select the
object with the pick tool keep the cursor on any of the nodes, just drag it
inwards, or outwards; move it to left or to right; finally select it. Get the duplicate,
by pressing Ctrl+D. Reduce the size with the pick tool, then fill colour, again
duplicate it as many times as required. A small star may be inserted in the pink
star and filled with different colour. To change the out line colour, select the
object and right click on the desired colour.
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________________________________________________________________
2.3 Working with Spirals and Circles

2.3.1 Spiral
This option is in the fly out of the Polygon tool. One has the choice of
making close spiral or spirals in which the lines are far apart. They are called
symmetrical and Logarithmic spirals respectively.
The property bar gives the choice of how many rings can be made in the
spiral.
In the next figure A, B, C show symmetrical spirals made in 2, 3 rings

with the outline thickness increased. E shows the spiral with lots of rings.
F, G show logarithmic spirals with the ring space increased and lesser rings.
2.3.2 Circle
Similarly, one can make circles using the Circle icon in the tool bar. This is
the sixth icon from the top on the tool bar. The property bar again shows the
changes one can make with the circle i.e. making a PIE and an ARC.
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2.4 Arrangement of Objects
2.4.1 Changing the order of objects
For this select the object to be moved, right click on the object. Many
options appear on the screen. Select the Order command and a fly out appears
with various options like To Front, To Back, In Front Of etc. Select the
appropriate option and the object is relocated accordingly.
2.4.2 Align Objects
To align objects vertically:

o Select objects.
o The alignment will be based on the last object you select, so choose
the object that is in the correct position last.
o Choose Arrange, Align and Distribute from the Main Menu and Choose
Left.
o You can preview your results by clicking the Preview button.
o Click OK to apply the alignment.
Aligning objects vertically

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________________________________________________________________
3. How do you draw various shapes like triangle and star?
4. What are the steps involved in changing the order of the objects?
________________________________________________________________
2.4.3 Distribute object sets
Select Objects - The distribute objects function will evenly space sets of
objects horizontally or vertically, a great time saver.
Align and Distribute Window - Choose Arrange, Align and Distribute from
the Main Menu to open the Align and Distribute Menu. Click on the
Distribute tab.
Choose Vertical Distribution - Choose Spacing as the distribution type.

You can also align the top, center or bottom of objects, although spacing is
a common choice. The spacing type will place an even amount of space
between the objects, and will work even with objects of varying sizes.
Choose Distribution Area - Click on Extent of Selection in the center of the

Align and Distribute window. This setting distributes objects evenly over
the area from the top object to the bottom object in the selection. You also
have the option to have the objects distributed over the entire height of the
page. Choose Extent of Page for this option.
Preview and Apply - Preview the distribution settings you have chosen by
clicking on the Preview button. If the result is what you wanted, click OK to
apply the settings. Note how the objects are now all evenly distributed
from top to bottom.
2.4.4 Group and Ungroup Objects
Select Objects - Marquee or SHIFT select at least two objects. Note the
status bar stating the number of objects you have selected. We are going
to group these objects so they behave as one unit. You can move,
transform, and resize a grouped set as if they were one single object. They
can also be ungrouped at any time, and it is not unusual to group a set of
objects for temporary convenience to prevent accidental changing of
positions.
Group Selection - Choose Arrange, Group from the Main Menu.
Modify Group - Click on a colour in the colour palette. Notice how all the
objects are filled with that colour. You must be careful when working with a
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group that you do not make global changes. Click undo to restore the
original colours.
Select One Object in Group - Hold your CTRL key down and click on an
object within the group. This selects an individual object. Click again on
the colour palette and only the selected object will be filled with the new
colour.
Ungroup Objects - Click on your group to select. Choose Arrange,

Ungroup from the Main Menu. Now note the status bar. The status bar
now states that we have 5 objects selected for this sample.
2.4.5 Rotating and skewing Objects
Special selection handles, called rotate and skew handles, are available to
rotate and slant objects using the mouse. Objects are rotated around a pivot
point. The pivot point can be relocated outside of the object. This is handy when
you want to rotate one object around another. You can also rotate objects by
specifying an increment in the Angle Rotation section of the Property Bar.
Skewing objects: Skewing slants an object along either the horizontal or

vertical plane. This technique is used often to give the illusion of distance
or movement.
Flipping objects: You can flip objects by clicking two buttons located to
the right of the Angle Rotation portion on the property bar.
Go to the Standard Toolbar and select the Undo arrow twice. When you
select the arrowheads, a drop down list shows you all the steps you have
done since the last save. This allows you to undo one particular step or a
series of step. It is an advanced feature that you might find useful but will
not be addressed in this lesson.
2.5 Exercises
i) Using the tool, draw a rectangle.
ii) Using the tool, draw an ellipse.
iii) Try multiple Selection of objects created, with the tool and Shift.
iv) Draw multiple rectangles and try horizontal alignment.
v) Try distribution of object sets.
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2.6 Assignments
2.6.1 Class assignments
i) Draw multiple Rectangles and try vertical alignment.
ii) Try Grouping and Ungrouping of objects.
iii) Try rotation and skewing of objects.
iv) Try duplication of objects.
i) Try to make a Visiting Card project.
2.7 Summing Up
In Lesson 2 we learnt how to draw elementary objects like lines,
rectangles, spiral and circle using tools. We also learnt elementary operations of
objects like selecting, aligning, grouping, rotating and skewing. In Lesson 3 we
will be learning to work with symbols and drawings.
2.8 Possible answers to Self-check Questions

1. Lines can be drawn and modified using the free hand tool.
2. Selection of object is a basic requirement to work in corel.
It can be done in 3 ways-
Firstly, using the pick tool and clicking the mouse cursor on the object.
Secondly using the marquee tool i.e. by selecting the pick tool and click
and drag the mouse to mark the area. All the objects in the area will get
selected.
Thirdly using the tab key when the objects are very small and clicking
on the object is difficult. On using the tab key each objects on the
screen gets selected one by one.
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Once the object is selected you can manipulate it as follows:-
o Duplicating Objects: Just select the object and press Ctrl+D. That will
create the exact copy of the object.
o Changing Outline Thickness: Select the object. Then click on the

Outline tool (Third last icon from the bottom). The Fly out give the
various options of thickness like 2pt, 4pt, 8pt and so on.
o Filling and outlining objects with colour:
The colour palette appears by clicking Windows, and then selecting colour
Dockers. One can select any colour model like RGB or CMYK or so on.
CMYK is selected when the work is to be printed. To change the colour of
the object, left click on the colour in the colour palette. To change the
colour of the outline, right click on the colour in the colour palette.
3. There is a Polygon tool option on the toolbox. The polygon tool offers
different options to create various shapes with corners in them, like
triangle, square, rectangle etc. The default shape of the polygon is the
pentagon: a five sided object.
To draw a triangle, all you have to do is to change the number of sides of

the polygon option on the property bar to 3 and just by click and drag
along with pressing the control key you can get an equilateral triangle.
4. Following steps are to be taken for changing the order of the objects;
First select the object
Then right click on the object
From the menu that appears, when you select the option Order, a
flyout will come out with various options like to front, to back, to
front of etc.
Now click over the order you wish object should come at.

1. What is the function of Handle and Nodes in an object?
2. How are rectangle edges rounded?
3. With which tool would you create a star?
4. What are the three methods of selecting an object?
5. Name the two ways through which rotation can be done?
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2.10 Suggested Further Reading and References

1. CorelDraw Help Menu
2. CorelDraw Tutorials
3. Online Tutorials on Graphic Software
4. http://www.grassrootsdesign.com/intro/index.php
5.http://www.caddprimer.com/cadd_primer_chapters/drawing_design_automa
tion_introduction_0.htm
6. http://www.grafx-design.com/tutorials.html
2.11 Glossary
1. Manipulation Handling or Use
2. Marquee Large and often sumptuous tent, Pavilion
3. Skewing Turn or place at an angle
4. Flipping Throw or toss with a quick motion
27
LESSON 3 SYMBOLS AND DRAWINGS
STRUCTURE
3.0 OBJECTIVES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 WORKING WITH SYMBOLS
3.2.1 CREATING, EDITING AND DELETING SYMBOLS

3.2.2 TO CONVERT AN OBJECT TO A SYMBOL
3.2.3 TO EDIT A SYMBOL
3.2.4 TO INSERT A SYMBOL INSTANCE
3.2.5 TO DELETE A SYMBOL
3.2.6 USING SYMBOLS IN DRAWING
3.2.7 TO MODIFY A SYMBOL INSTANCE
3.2.8 TO REVERT A SYMBOL INSTANCE TO AN OBJECT
3.2.9 TO DELETE A SYMBOL INSTANCE
3.3 ILLUSTRATION OF DRAWING WITH SYMBOLS
3.3.1 ILLUSTRATION OF THE USE OF SYMBOLS IN CREATING

NEEDLEPOINT AND CROSS STITCH PATTERNS
3.4 WORKING WITH LAYERS
3.4.1 TO CREATE A LAYER

3.4.2 TO DISPLAY OR HIDE A LAYER
3.4.3 TO DISPLAY PAGE, LAYER AND OBJECTS
3.4.4 TO DELETE A LAYER
3.4.5 TO SPECIFY SETTINGS FOR A LAYER ON THE MASTER PAGE
3.5 EXERCISES
3.5.1 EXERCISE 1
3.5.2 EXERCISE 2
3.6 ASSIGNMENTS

3.7 SUMMING UP
3.10 SUGGESTED FURTHER READING AND REFERENCES
3.11 GLOSSARY
29
3. SYMBOLS AND DRAWINGS

In Lesson 2, we learnt how to draw elementary objects like lines,
rectangles, spiral and circle using tools. We also learnt elementary operations on
objects like selecting, aligning, grouping, rotating and skewing. In Lesson 3, we
will be learning to work with symbols and drawings.
________________________________________________________________
3.0 Objectives
Work with symbols.
Create illustrations using objects and symbols.
Work with layers in creating art-work.
3.1 Introduction
Till now we learnt how to create objects in Corel Draw, but if you explore the
inbuilt inventory of Corel Draw Graphics, you will find that it has a vast library
enriched with plenty of symbols and drawings stored in it. It is therefore important
to learn to work with symbols, and to use symbols in creating various patterns. In
this lesson you will also be familiarized with the concept of layers and their use.
We are sure you will enjoy working with them.
3.2 Working with Symbols

The CorelDraw application lets you create objects and save them as
symbols. Symbols are defined once and can be referenced many times in a
drawing. Using symbols instead of objects that appear many times in a drawing
helps to reduce file size.
3.2.1 Creating, editing, and deleting symbols
Symbols are created from objects. When you convert an object to a

symbol, the new symbol is added to the library, and the selected object becomes
an instance. You can also create a symbol from multiple objects.
You can edit a symbol; any changes you make affect all instances in a
drawing. You can also delete a symbol from the library.
31
3.2.2 To convert an object to a symbol
Select an object or multiple objects.
Click Edit Symbol, New symbol.
Tip: You can also convert an existing object or objects to a symbol by dragging
the object or objects to the Library Docker window/palette.
3.2.3 To edit a symbol
In the Library Docker window/palette, choose a symbol from the Symbols

list. If you want to name or rename the symbol, double-click the symbol's
name box, and type a name.
Click the Edit symbol button.
Modify the objects on the drawing page.
Click the Finish editing symbol tab in the bottom-left corner of the drawing
window.
Notes: Changes made to a symbol are automatically made to all instances in the
active drawing.
Tips: You can also edit a symbol by selecting an instance in the drawing
window, and clicking the Edit symbol button on the property bar.
3.2.4 To insert a symbol instance
Open the Library Docker window/palette by clicking Edit Symbol

Library.
Choose a symbol from the Symbols list.
Click Insert.
Tip: You can also insert a symbol instance by dragging a symbol from the
Library Docker window/palette to the drawing window.
3.2.5 To delete a symbol
In the Library Docker window/palette, choose a symbol from the Symbols

list.
Click the Delete button.
Note: When you delete a symbol, it is removed from the library, and all instances
of the symbol are removed from the drawing.
3.2.6 Using symbols in drawings
32
You can insert a symbol into a drawing, which creates a symbol instance.
You can modify certain properties of a symbol instance, such as size and
position, without affecting the symbol stored in the library. You can revert a
symbol instance to an object or objects while preserving its properties. You can
also delete a symbol instance.
3.2.7 To modify a symbol instance
Select a symbol instance.
Make any changes.
Tip: When a symbol instance is selected, you can modify the object properties
given on the property bar.
3.2.8 To revert a symbol instance to an object
Click Edit Symbol, Revert to object(s).
Note: The symbol remains in the library.
3.2.9 To delete a symbol instance
Press Delete.
Note: The symbol remains in the library.
Given below is an example of a drawing with symbols (Fig. 3.1).
Fig. 3.1 An example of a drawing with symbols

33
1. How are symbols created?
2. How can you insert a symbol in the art work?
3.3 Illustration of Drawing with Symbols

3.3.1 Illustration of the use of symbols in creating needlepoint and cross
stitch patterns
This example given below will show you how to convert your CorelDraw
drawing to a graph that you can use for needlepoint or counted cross-stitch.
The Cactus
This design was drawn in a six inch square.
You can make your design any size as long as it
can be divided into one-inch squares. Some
texture fills and gradient fills to the picture may be
added to indicate "texture" as shown at right.
The texture in needlepoint or cross stitch

usually comes from the type of stitch and yarn or
thread that is used.
Keep a separate file of your picture and

print it out to use as a reference. Copy and Paste
your picture into a New file. Using the Graph Tool
divide your picture into even one inch squares.
Enable Snap to Guidelines and Snap to Objects.
The design is divided into 6 squares horizontally
and vertically as shown in the figure. Put a red
outline of .020 on it to have needlepoint canvas.
Cross-stitch fabric would be 18 x 18 stitches per
inch. You can use any size canvas or cross Stitch
number. The larger the number, the more detail
you can get.
At this point, select the Pick tool and right

click on it. Go to Properties and put a check in the
box that says, "Treat all objects as filled." Starting
at the lower left hand corner cover the first square
with another graph that is 18 squares horizontally
and vertically. Ungroup that square and fill each
square to correspond to the color of your picture.
Just use a plain color as close to your design as
possible.
34
Remember that the stitch, yarn or thread will add the texture. Using your
Shift key you can select many squares at one time.
Just be careful not to accidentally hit the outline of
what you are filling. When you have the first one-
inch square finished, continue across the bottom to
the next one.
You can add half stitches to your design. In

the figure half stitches are added to the tail of the
rabbit. Fill the stitch, in this case, white and
duplicate it. Convert it to curves and delete the
appropriate corner. Fill the underneath square with
the color behind it. Half stitches are used in
counted cross-stitch.
If by accident you fill an area outside the

square you are working on and you are out of Edit
Undo, do not panic. Delete that object. Go to your original design and copy and
paste that object back into your picture.
Continue in this manner until you have all the squares filled. It is your
choice whether or not you leave the red lines and bring them to the front. The red
lines help you keep your place. The finished diagram is shown above.
3.4 Working with Layers

Layering gives you an added flexibility while organizing and editing the
objects in complex drawings. You can divide a drawing into multiple layers, each
containing a portion of the drawing's contents.
You can also display selected objects. Hiding a layer lets you identify and
edit the objects on other layers. This also reduces the time CorelDraw needs to
refresh your drawing when you edit it.
Each new file has one Master Page that contains and controls three
default layers: the Grid, Guides, and Desktop layers. The Grid, Guides, and
Desktop layers contain the grid, guidelines, and objects outside the borders of the
drawing page.
The Desktop layer lets you create drawings you might want to use later.
You can specify settings for the grid and guidelines on the Master Page. You can
specify settings, for example color, for each layer on the Master Page.
You can add one or more master layers to a Master Page. This layer
contains information that you want to display on every page of a multi-page
document.
For example, you can use a master layer to place a header, footer, or
static background on every page.
35
3.4.1 To create a layer
Create a layer: Click Tools Object manager.

Click the flyout button, and then click New layer.
Create a master layer: Click Tools Object manager.
Click the flyout button, and
Click New master layer.
Notes: To use a layer in the drawing, you must first make the layer active. In the
Object manager Docker window/palette, the active layer is highlighted in
red. When you start a drawing, the default layer (Layer 1) is the active
layer. When you create a master layer, it moves to the Master Page.
Tips: You can also add a layer by clicking the New layer button in the Object
manager Docker window/palette.
You can make any layer a master layer by right clicking.
3.4.2 To Display or Hide a Layer
Click Tools Object manager.
Click the Eye icon beside the layer name.
The layer is hidden when the Eye icon is grayed.
Tip: You can also display or hide a layer by right clicking the layer in the Object
manager Docker window/palette and clicking Visible.
3.4.3 To Display Pages, Layers, and Objects
Display pages Click Window Dockers / Palettes Object

manager. Click the flyout button and then
Show pages.
Display layers Click Window Dockers / Palettes Object

manager. Click the Layer manager view
button.
Display objects Click Window Dockers / Palettes Object

manager. Click the flyout button and then
Expand to show selection.
3.4.4 To Delete a Layer
Click Tools Object manager.
Click the name of a layer.
Click the flyout button, and click Delete layer.
36
Notes: When you delete a layer, you also delete all the objects on it. To retain an
object on the layer you are deleting, move it to a different layer first.
You can delete any unlocked layer except the three default layers of the
Master Page (Grid, Guides, or Desktop). For more information about locking and
unlocking layers, see "To set a layer's editing properties".
3.4.5 To Specify Settings for a Layer on the Master Page
Click Tools, Object manager.
Right-click the layer, and click Properties.
Change the settings and click OK.
3. What are layers?
4. How do you initialize layers?
3.5 Exercises
3.5.1 Exercise 1
Create a symbol of the object you need to use frequently. It is

easier to use symbol than to copy paste.
Open CorelDraw. Use any drawing tool and create a drawing for
making symbol. It can be created with single object or more than
one complex objects.
Select the drawing. Arrange Combine
Note: Symbol cannot be created until all the objects in the drawing are
not combined. This rule is not applicable for single object.
The object has to be closed.
37
Tools Create Symbol.
Name your own category to save the symbol. We have named it as

"Artwork". Click OK.
If you want to use the symbol Tools Symbols and Special

Characters.
Select the "Artwork" category in the drop down menu. The symbol
will be displayed in the list. Drag the symbol onto the page.
You can fill the symbol with any color.
3.5.2 Exercise 2
38
To get this design the Basic Shapes Tool was used. Select arrow shapes,
click on the arrow shape you will find a red spot, keep the cursor on the
red spot it changes in to [ ] this shape.
Drag the circle shape till the end like this.

Now selection position changes to skew and rotation, now keep the cursor
at one corner for rotation, pull it downwards and right click the mouse like
this.
Press Ctrl+R simultaneously until we get the above yellow design. Then
select all the arrows together and group them from the Arrange menu to
get the yellow design.
If we opt to Combine instead of Group, the result will be the red design.
Fill colours of choice as given below.
Place them as desired and we can use these designs for saris, home
furnishings etc.
3.6 Assignments
3.6.1 Class assignment
i) Make a drawing / design from existing symbol library.
ii) Make a 2-layer drawing.
i) Download a symbol from the Internet and add it to the symbol library.
39
3.7 Summing Up
In Lesson 3, we learnt how to work with symbols and create drawings
using symbols. We also learnt how to layer complex drawings. In Unit 2, we
would be focusing our attention to working with Pages and Layout Tools.
3.8 Possible answers to Self-check Questions

1. Symbols are created from objects. When you convert an object to a
symbol, the new symbol is added to the library, and the selected object
becomes an instance.
2. Symbols are inserted using inset character option from text menu.
Symbols are now available as fonts. Various symbol shapes are available
in windings font.
3. All CorelDRAW drawings consist of stacked objects. The vertical order of

these objects-the stacking order-contributes to the appearance of the
drawing. You can organize these objects using invisible planes called
layers.
Layering gives flexibility organizing the objects in complex drawings.

Drawing objects can divide a drawing into multiple layers, each containing
a portion of the drawings contents.
4. Layer options are initialized through the window options docker window
menu. Layers are separated with master layer and new layers for various
objects. Layers can be selected or hidden using eye button in the layer
docker window.

1. What is the advantage of using symbols?
2. How do you convert a symbol instance to an object?
3. What is the advantage of layering in a complex designs?
4. Which are the three default layers?
3.10 Suggested Further Reading and References

1. http://www.fayette.k12.il.us/99/Intro2Comp/introduction_to_computers.html
2. http://www.sketchpad.net/corel.htm
3. http://www.clicknlearn.com/TipsTricks/TipsTricks.htm
40
3.11 Glossary
1. Instance A single item of information that is
representative of a type CXmhaU
2. Revert Return dmng Cgr WmZ `m $n _| bmQ>Zm
3. Dockers Loaders ^aZo dmbo
4. Palette A flat surface on which artists mix paints and
the range of colors used aJ n{>H$m
41

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COMPUTER AIDED TEXTILE DESIGN

DISTANCE EDUCATION PROGRAMME

UNIT 1 WORKING WITH OBJECTS

UNIT 2 WORKING WITH PAGES AND LAYOUT TOOLS

UNIT 3 ADDING AND FORMATTING TEXT

UNIT 4 DESIGNING A LOGO FOR YOUR FIRM

The course on Computer Aided Textile Designing (CTD-204) is comprised

This course is an extremely valuable one for upcoming designers. The

We are grateful to the Madhubala Institute of Communication and

May 2008 Parul Bhatnagar

LESSON 2 USING CORELDRAW FOR DESIGN

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO CAD/CATD

1.2 IMPORTANT GRAPHICS PROGRAMS

1.3 GETTING STARTED WITH CORELDRAW

1.3.1 OPENING CORELDRAW

1.4 TOOLS OVERVIEW

1.5.1 CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

1.7 POSSIBLE ANSWERS TO SELF-CHECK QUESTIONS

1.8 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1.10 SUGGESTED FURTHER READING

Understand various graphics software.

Use various menu bars and graphic tools of CorelDraw.

Use various text tools and docker tools in CorelDraw.

Designing with computers is called computer aided designing (CAD) and

Designing with computers offers so many advantages that engineers,

We can save a lot of time and labour.

We can make designs with very great accuracy.

We can make a number of colour combinations of one design in a very

1.2 Important Graphics Programs

In this course, we will study CorelDraw.

1.3 Getting Started with CorelDraw

1.3.1 Opening CorelDraw

Switch on the computer and take the following steps:

Find the Corel section and select CorelDraw.

What's New? shows improvements over the earlier Version.

1.3.2 CorelDraw application window

1.3.3 Window components

These components and options will be known while working.

Shape Tool Reshapes objects by moving nodes, lines, and control

Zoom Tool changes the current view of the drawing.

Smart Drawing Tool converts the freehand strokes you draw to

Rectangle Tool draws rectangles and squares. Squares are

Ellipse Tool draws ellipses and circles. Circles are created by

Graph Paper Tool draws a collection of boxes that simulate a sheet

Perfect Shapes Tool - A collection of objects, which you can add to

Activity 2: Make two compositions by using the following shapes - rectangle,

Text Tool - Adds either Artistic or Paragraph text to your

Interactive Blend Tool - Allows you to merge objects.

Eyedropper Tool - Allows you to select a color within an object,

Outlines Tool - Sets the outline style of an object or a line. This

Interactive Blend tool

Interactive Contour tool

Interactive Transparency tool

Fill Tool - Assigns the fill style of any object.

Interactive Fill Tool - Allows you to apply Fountain fills (gradients)

5. Fountain Fill Dialog Box

6. Interactive Mesh Fill Tool

i) Create a design using free hand tool and its flyouts.

1.5.2 Home assignment

1.7 Possible Answers to Self-check Questions

3. Assigns the colour fill style of any object.

1.10 Suggested Further Reading

2. Mesh An interconnected or intersecting configuration