Although the thickener does determine the basic characteristics of greases, they

can be varied within certain limits for one and the same thickener by selecting
the dispersion medium, adding various additives, fillers, etc. to the grease co
mposition. Greases are often additionally subdivided, according to the compositi
on of their dispersion medium, into petroleum and synthetic oil greases, which c
an be further subdivided into subgroups, e.g., petroleum greases, into greases b
ased on paraffin-naphthenic oils, aromatic oils, distillate, residual oils, etc.
, and synthetic oil greases, into greases based on polysiloxanes, esters, polygl
ycols, synthetic hydrocarbon oils, and on other synthetic fluids. The governing
role of the thickener in determining the grease properties is confirmed by the s
ummarizad data presented in Table 1.1. Besides, the classification of greases by
the thickener type is widely employed in technical and economic studies to eval
uate the general level of the quality of greases being produced, the structure a
nd amounts of their production, and the development prospects. gre Table 1.2 pre
sents the structure and history of grease production in some leading industriali
sed countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of greases by t
he type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease quality level
and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also of great impo
rtance in determining the grease production technology and in selecting the grea
se production method and equipment. Apart from the classification of greases by
the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classification based on th
e purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed information
on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained from special li
terature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the classificatio
n of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here that greases ar
e conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction greases, which
reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective) Table 1.2
presents the structure and history of grease production in some leading industr
ialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of greases
by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease quality le
vel and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also of great
importance in determining the grease production technology and in selecting the
grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification of greases
by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classification based o
n the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed informat
ion on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained from specia
l literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the classific
ation of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here that grease
s are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction greases, w
hich reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective) Table
1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some leading ind
ustrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of grea
ses by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease qualit
y level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also of gr
eat importance in determining the grease production technology and in selecting
the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification of gre
ases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classification bas
ed on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed info
rmation on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained from sp
ecial literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the class
ification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here that gr
eases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction grease
s, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective) T
able 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some leading
industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of
greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease qu
ality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also o
f great importance in determining the grease production technology and in select
ing the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification of
greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classification
 based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed
information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained fro
m special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the c
lassification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here tha
t greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction gr
eases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protectiv
e) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some lea
ding industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification
of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the greas
e quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is al
so of great importance in determining the grease production technology and in se
lecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classificatio
n of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classifica
tion based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detai
led information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained
from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies t
he classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here
that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifrictio
n greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (prote
ctive) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some
leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classifica
tion of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the g
rease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but i
s also of great importance in determining the grease production technology and i
n selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classific
ation of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classi
fication based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A d
etailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be obta
ined from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifi
es the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note
here that greases are conventionally divided based on their nd use into antifric
tion greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (pr
otective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in s
ome leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classif
ication of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate th
e grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, bu
t is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology an
d in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classi
fication of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their cla
ssification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used.
A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be o
btained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which spec
ifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only no
te here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into anti
friction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative
(protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production
in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The cla
ssification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluat
e the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use
, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production technolog
y and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the cl
assification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their
classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely us
ed. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can
be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which
specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will onl
y note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into
antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preserva
tive (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease product
ion in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The
 classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to eva
luate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their
use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production techn
ology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from th
e classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, t
heir classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widel
y used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification
can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, wh
ich specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will
only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use i
nto antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; pres
ervative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease pro
duction in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27].
The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to
evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on t
heir use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production t
echnology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart fro
m the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their compositio
n, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is w
idely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classificat
ion can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78
, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We
will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end u
se into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms;
preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease
production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-
27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only importan
t to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information
on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease producti
on technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart
from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their compos
ition, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics
is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classif
ication can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 2325
8-78, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose.
We will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their e
nd use into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanis
ms; preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of gr
ease production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR
[24-27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only impo
rtant to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary informat
ion on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease prod
uction technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. A
part from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their co
mposition, their classification based on the purpose and functional characterist
ics is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease cla
ssification can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST
23258-78, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purp
ose. We will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on the
ir end use into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mech
anisms; preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history o
f grease production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former U
SSR [24-27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only
important to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary info
rmation on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease
production technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipmen
t. Apart from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by thei
r composition, their classification based on the purpose and functional characte
ristics is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease
classification can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also G
OST 23258-78, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional
purpose. We will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on
their end use into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in
mechanisms; preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and histo
ry of grease production in some leading industrialised countries and in the form
er USSR [24-27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not o
nly important to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary
information on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the gre
ase production technology and in selecting the grease production method and equi
pment. Apart from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by
their composition, their classification based on the purpose and functional char
acteristics is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of gr
ease classification can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is al
so GOST 23258-78, which specifies the classification of gnd use into antifrictio
n greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (prote
ctive) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some
leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classifica
tion of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the g
rease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but i
s also of great importance in determining the grease production technology and i
n selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classific
ation of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classi
fication based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A d
etailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be obta
ined from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifi
es the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note
here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifri
ction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (p
rotective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in
some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classi
fication of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate t
he grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, b
ut is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology a
nd in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the class
ification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their cl
assification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used.
A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be
obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which spe
cifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only n
ote here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into ant
ifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservativ
e (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production
in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The cl
assification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evalua
te the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their us
e, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production technolo
gy and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the c
lassification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, thei
r classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely u
sed. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can
be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which
specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will on
ly note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into
antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preserv
ative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease produc
tion in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. Th
e classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to ev
aluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on thei
r use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production tech
nology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from t
he classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition,
their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is wide
ly used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification
can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, w
hich specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We wil
l only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use
into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; pre
servative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease pr
oduction in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]
. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important t
o evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on
their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production
technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart fr
om the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their compositi
on, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is
widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classifica
tion can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-7
8, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We
will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end
use into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms;
preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of greas
e production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24
-27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only importa
nt to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information
on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease product
ion technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apar
t from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their compo
sition, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics
is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classi
fication can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 232
58-78, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose
. We will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their
end use into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechani
sms; preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of g
rease production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR
[24-27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only imp
ortant to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary informa
tion on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease pro
duction technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment.
Apart from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their c
omposition, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteris
tics is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease cl
assification can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST
23258-78, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional pur
pose. We will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on th
eir end use into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mec
hanisms; preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history
of grease production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former
USSR [24-27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only
important to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary inf
ormation on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease
production technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipme
nt. Apart from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by the
ir composition, their classification based on the purpose and functional charact
eristics is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of greas
e classification can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also
GOST 23258-78, which specifies the classification of gnd use into antifriction g
reases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protecti
ve) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some le
ading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classificatio
n of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grea
se quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is a
lso of great importance in determining the grease production technology and in s
electing the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classificati
on of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classific
ation based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A deta
iled information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtaine
d from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies
the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note her
e that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifricti
on greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (prot
ective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in som
e leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classific
ation of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the
grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but
is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology and
in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classifi
cation of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their class
ification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A
detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be obt
ained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specif
ies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note
here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifr
iction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (
protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in
some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The class
ification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate
the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use,
but is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology
and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the clas
sification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their c
lassification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used
. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be
obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which sp
ecifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only
note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into an
tifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservati
ve (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease productio
n in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The c
lassification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evalu
ate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their u
se, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production technol
ogy and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the
classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, the
ir classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely
used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification ca
n be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, whic
h specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will o
nly note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use int
o antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preser
vative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease produ
ction in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. T
he classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to e
valuate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on the
ir use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production tec
hnology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from
the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition,
their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is wid
ely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classificatio
n can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78,
which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We wi
ll only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use
into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; pr
eservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease p
roduction in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27
]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important
to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on
their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production
technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart f
rom the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composit
ion, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is
widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classific
ation can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-
78, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. W
e will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end
use into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms
; preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grea
se production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [2
4-27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only import
ant to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary informatio
n on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease produc
tion technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apa
rt from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their comp
osition, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristic
s is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease class
ification can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23
258-78, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpos
e. We will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their
end use into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechan
isms; preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of
grease production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USS
R [24-27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only im
portant to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary inform
ation on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease pr
oduction technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment.
Apart from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their
composition, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteri
stics is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease c
lassification can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOS
T 23258-78, which specifies the classification of gnd use into antifriction grea
ses, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective)
Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some leadi
ng industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification o
f greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease
quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also
of great importance in determining the grease production technology and in sele
cting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification
of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classificati
on based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detaile
d information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained f
rom special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the
classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here t
hat greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction
greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protect
ive) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some l
eading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classificati
on of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the gre
ase quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is
also of great importance in determining the grease production technology and in
selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classificat
ion of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classifi
cation based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A det
ailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtain
ed from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies
the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note he
re that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifrict
ion greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (pro
tective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in so
me leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classifi
cation of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the
grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but
is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology and
in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classif
ication of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their clas
sification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A
detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be ob
tained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which speci
fies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only not
e here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antif
riction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative
(protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production i
n some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The clas
sification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate
the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use,
but is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology
and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the cla
ssification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their
classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely use
d. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can b
e obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which s
pecifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only
note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into a
ntifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservat
ive (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease producti
on in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The
classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to eval
uate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their
use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production techno
logy and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the
classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, th
eir classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely
used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification c
an be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, whi
ch specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will
only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use in
to antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; prese
rvative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease prod
uction in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27].
The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to
evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on th
eir use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production te
chnology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from
the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition
, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is wi
dely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classificati
on can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78,
which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We w
ill only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end us
e into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; p
reservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease
production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-2
7]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important
to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information o
n their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease productio
n technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart
from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composi
tion, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics i
s widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classifi
cation can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258
-78, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose.
We will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their en
d use into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanism
s; preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of gre
ase production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [
24-27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only impor
tant to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary informati
on on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease produ
ction technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Ap
art from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their com
position, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristi
cs is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease clas
sification can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 2
3258-78, which specifies the classification of gnd use into antifriction greases
, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective) Ta
ble 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some leading
industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of g
reases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease qua
lity level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also of
great importance in determining the grease production technology and in selecti
ng the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification of
greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classification
based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed i
nformation on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained from
special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the cl
assification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here that
greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction gre
ases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective
) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some lead
ing industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification
of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease
quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is als
o of great importance in determining the grease production technology and in sel
ecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification
of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classificat
ion based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detail
ed information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained
from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies th
e classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here
that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction
greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protec
tive) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some
leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classificat
ion of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the gr
ease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is
also of great importance in determining the grease production technology and in
selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classifica
tion of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classif
ication based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A de
tailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtai
ned from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifie
s the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note h
ere that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifric
tion greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (pr
otective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in s
ome leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classif
ication of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate th
e grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, bu
t is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology an
d in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classi
fication of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their cla
ssification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used.
A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be o
btained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which spec
ifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only no
te here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into anti
friction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative
(protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production
in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The cla
ssification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluat
e the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use
, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production technolog
y and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the cl
assification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their
classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely us
ed. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can
be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which
specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will onl
y note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into
antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preserva
tive (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease product
ion in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The
classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to eva
luate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their
use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production techn
ology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from th
e classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, t
heir classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widel
y used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification
can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, wh
ich specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will
only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use i
nto antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; pres
ervative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease pro
duction in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27].
The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to
evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on t
heir use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production t
echnology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart fro
m the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their compositio
n, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is w
idely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classificat
ion can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78
, which specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We
will only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end u
se into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms;
preservative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease
production in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-
27]. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only importan
t to evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information
on their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease producti
on technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart
from the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their compos
ition, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics
is widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classif
ication can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 2325
8-78, which specifies the classification of gnd use into antifriction greases, w
hich reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective) Table
1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some leading ind
ustrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of grea
ses by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease qualit
y level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also of gr
eat importance in determining the grease production technology and in selecting
the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification of gre
ases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classification bas
ed on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed info
rmation on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained from sp
ecial literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the class
ification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here that gr
eases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction grease
s, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective) T
able 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some leading
industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of
greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease qu
ality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also o
f great importance in determining the grease production technology and in select
ing the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification of
greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classification
based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed
information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained fro
m special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the c
lassification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here tha
t greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction gr
eases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protectiv
e) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some lea
ding industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification
of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the greas
e quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is al
so of great importance in determining the grease production technology and in se
lecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classificatio
n of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classifica
tion based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detai
led information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained
from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies t
he classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here
that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifrictio
n greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (prote
ctive) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some
leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classifica
tion of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the g
rease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but i
s also of great importance in determining the grease production technology and i
n selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classific
ation of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classi
fication based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A d
etailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be obta
ined from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifi
es the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note
here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifri
ction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (p
rotective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in
some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classi
fication of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate t
he grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, b
ut is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology a
nd in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the class
ification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their cl
assification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used.
A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be
obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which spe
cifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only n
ote here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into ant
ifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservativ
e (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production
in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The cl
assification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evalua
te the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their us
e, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production technolo
gy and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the c
lassification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, thei
r classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely u
sed. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can
be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which
specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will on
ly note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into
antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preserv
ative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease produc
tion in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. Th
e classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to ev
aluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on thei
r use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production tech
nology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from t
he classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition,
their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is wide
ly used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification
can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, w
hich specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We wil
l only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use
into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; pre
servative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease pr
oduction in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]
. The classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important t
o evaluate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on
their use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production
technology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart fr
om the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their compositi
on, their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is
widely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classifica
tion can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-7
8, which specifies the classification of gnd use into antifriction greases, whic
h reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective) Table 1.
2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some leading indust
rialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of greases
by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease quality l
evel and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also of great
importance in determining the grease production technology and in selecting the
grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification of grease
s by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classification based
on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed informa
tion on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained from speci
al literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the classifi
cation of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here that greas
es are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction greases,
which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective) Tabl
e 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some leading in
dustrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of gre
ases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease quali
ty level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also of g
reat importance in determining the grease production technology and in selecting
the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification of gr
eases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classification ba
sed on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed inf
ormation on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained from s
pecial literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the clas
sification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here that g
reases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction greas
es, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protective)
Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some leadin
g industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classification of
greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grease q
uality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is also
of great importance in determining the grease production technology and in selec
ting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classification o
f greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classificatio
n based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A detailed
information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtained fr
om special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies the
classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note here th
at greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifriction g
reases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (protecti
ve) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in some le
ading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classificatio
n of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the grea
se quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but is a
lso of great importance in determining the grease production technology and in s
electing the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classificati
on of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their classific
ation based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A deta
iled information on this and other types of grease classification can be obtaine
d from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specifies
the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note her
e that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifricti
on greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (prot
ective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in som
e leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The classific
ation of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate the
grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use, but
is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology and
in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the classifi
cation of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their class
ification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used. A
detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be obt
ained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which specif
ies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only note
here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into antifr
iction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservative (
protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease production in
some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The class
ification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evaluate
the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their use,
but is also of great importance in determining the grease production technology
and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the clas
sification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, their c
lassification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely used
. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification can be
obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, which sp
ecifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will only
note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use into an
tifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preservati
ve (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease productio
n in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. The c
lassification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to evalu
ate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on their u
se, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production technol
ogy and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from the
classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition, the
ir classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is widely
used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classification ca
n be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78, whic
h specifies the classification of greases by their functional purpose. We will o
nly note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end use int
o antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; preser
vative (protective) Table 1.2 presents the structure and history of grease produ
ction in some leading industrialised countries and in the former USSR [24-27]. T
he classification of greases by the type of thickener is not only important to e
valuate the grease quality level and to provide a preliminary information on the
ir use, but is also of great importance in determining the grease production tec
hnology and in selecting the grease production method and equipment. Apart from
the classification of greases by the thickener type, i.e., by their composition,
their classification based on the purpose and functional characteristics is wid
ely used. A detailed information on this and other types of grease classificatio
n can be obtained from special literature [28-30]. There is also GOST 23258-78,
which specifies the classification of gereases by their functional purpose. We w
ill only note here that greases are conventionally divided based on their end us
e into antifriction greases, which reduce the friction and wear in mechanisms; p
reservative (protective)ases, which protect metallic products from corrosion; se
aling greases, which seal clearances in mechanisms and equipment; and rope greas
es, use