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SteelGrades

RegularTempSteel(#reg_temp)
LowTempSteel(#low_temp)
StainlessSteel(#stainless)
SpecialityTrims(#speciality)
HeatTreatment(#heat)
ASTMA216/A216M(WCA,WCB,WCC)(A105istheforgedversionofthissteel)Typicallyreferredtoasacastregulartemporregtempsteel.

ForeachgradeWCstandsfor"wroughtcarbon"withthethirdletterindicatinggradethehigherthegradethehigherthetensile/yieldstrength.

Thisspecificationcoverscarbonsteelcastingsforvalves,fittings,flangesandotherpressurecontainingpartsforhightemperatureserviceandthequality
requiredforassemblywithothercastingsorwroughtsteelpartsbyfusionwelding.Thesegradesareall"cast"gradesmeaningtheyaremadethrough"casting"
whichisamanufacturingprocesswherealiquidmaterialispouredintoamoldandallowedtoharden.Castvalvesaretypicallylessexpensivethantheirforged
counterpartsforlargerborevalvesthoughasaresultofthecastingprocessthereisthepotentialforaporouscast(badcasting)whichiswhymosthigh
pressurevalvesaremadewithforgedsteel.NACEMR0175requirestheuseofdoubleheattreatedcaststeelcastings.

ThefollowingtableindicatesthemechanicalpropertiesandchemicalcompositionofthethreeASTM216/A216Mgrades.

OfthethreesteelgradesWCBisthecommongradeforregulartemperatureapplicationsforcaststeelvalves.ASTMA216WCBisacceptableforthe
temperaturerangeof20*Fto800*F(wherecorrosionresistanceisnotimportant).Othergradesofwroughtcarbonexistforspecificapplicationscopiesofthese
gradescanbepurchasedatwww.astm.org(http://www.astm.org)

ASTMA352/A352M(LCA,LCB,LCC)(ASTMA350LF2istheforgedversionofthissteel)Typicallyreferredtoasacastlowtempsteel.
ForeachgradeLCstandsfor"lowtemp(wrought)carbon"withthethirdletterindicatinggradethehigherthegradethehigherthetensile/yieldstrength.

Thisspecificationcoverscarbonsteelcastingsforvalves,fittings,flangesandotherpressurecontainingpartsforlowtemperatureserviceandthequalityrequired
forassemblywithothercastingsorwroughtsteelpartsbyfusionwelding.Thesegradesareall"cast"gradesmeaningtheyaremadethrough"casting"whichisa
manufacturingprocesswherealiquidmaterialispouredintoamoldandallowedtoharden.Castvalvesaretypicallylessexpensivethantheirforgedcounterparts
forlargerborevalvesthoughasaresultofthecastingprocessthepotentialforaporouscast(badcasting)iswhymosthighpressurevalvesaremadewith
forgedsteel.NACEMR0175requirestheuseofdoubleheattreatedcaststeelcastings.

ThefollowingtableindicatesthemechanicalpropertiesandchemicalcompositionofthethreeASTMA352/A352Mgrades.

OfthethreesteelgradesLCCisthecommongradeforregulartemperatureapplicationsforcaststeelvalves.ThesethreegradesofASTMA352/A352Maregood
fortemperaturesrangingfrom50*Fto800*F(wherecorrosionresistanceisnotimportant)Othergradesoflowtempwroughtcarbonexistforspecificapplications
copiesofthesegradescanbepurchasedatwww.astm.org(www.astm.org)

ASTMA351/A351MCF8M(ASTMA182316SSistheforgedversionofthissteel)Typicallyreferredtoasstainlesscaststeel

CF8Misacastingausteniticferriticstainlesssteelgradewithhighcarbon,nickelandmolybdenumcomparedtootherCFstainlessgrades.

Thisspecificationcoversstainlesssteelcastingsforvalves,fittings,flangesandotherpressurecontainingpartsforlowtemperatureserviceandthequality
requiredforassemblywithothercastingsorwroughtsteelpartsbyfusionwelding.Thesegradesareall"cast"grades,meaningtheyaremadethrough"casting",
amanufacturingprocesswherealiquidmaterialispouredintoamoldandallowedtoharden.Castvalvesaretypicallylessexpensivethantheirforged
counterpartsforlargerborevalvesthoughasaresultofthecastingprocessthepotentialforaporouscast(badcasting)iswhymosthighpressurevalvesare
madewithforgedsteel.CF8MmeetsNACEMR0175requirementswithoutdoubleheattreatment.

ThefollowingtableindicatesthemechanicalpropertiesandchemicalcompositionofASTMA351/A351MgradesCF8M

ASTMA351/A351MgradeCF8Misgoodfortemperaturesrangingfromabsolutezeroto1500*F.CF8Misusedinapplicationswherecorrosionresistanceisa
primaryconcern.Othergradesofcaststainlesssteelsexistforspecificapplicationscopiesofthesegradescanbepurchasedatwww.astm.org(www.astm.org)

A276410orA276410HardFacedThisisthebasicmartensiticstainlessthatattainshighmechanicalpropertiesafterheattreatmenttypicallyusedinvalve
components.

ASTMA276410canbehardenedbyheatingthesteelto18701850*F(9541010*C)oilquenchformaximumhardness.Thisgradeofsteelprovidesgood
impactstrength,andcorrosion/scalingresistanceupto1200*F.Likemoststainlessmaterialthissteelisgoodfromabsolutezerotoabout1200*FAcopyofthis
gradecanbepurchasedatwww.astm.org(www.astm.org)

SpecialtyTrims/Material

Stelliteisaproprietaryalloyusedfordemandingmechanicalandchemicalserviceoverawidetemperaturerange.Stelliteretainsareasonablelevelofhardness
upto1470*Fandisknownforitsantigallingproperties,hightemperaturehardnessandastrongresistancetoimpact/cavitycorrosion.Stellite6isthemost
commonformofstelliteinvalves.StelliteistrademarkedbyDeloroStelliteCompany.

FormoreinformationonStellitevisithttp://www.stellite.com/alloydatabase/nominal.asp(http://www.stellite.com/alloydatabase/nominal.asp)

InconelInconelisafamilyofausteniticnickelchromiumbasedsuperalloys.Itistypicallyusedinhightemperatureapplicationsandiswellsuitedforextreme
serviceenvironments.InconelistrademarkedbySpecialMetalsCorporation.

FormoreinformationonInconelvisithttp://www.specialmetals.com/products/index.php(http://www.specialmetals.com/products/index.php)

MonelMonelisaseriesofnickelalloyswithupto67%nickelwithhighcopperandtradeamountsofironandotherelements.Monelisalsotrademarkedby
SpecialMetalsCorporationandistypicallyusedinhighcorrosionenvironmentslikeinseawatervalves.

FormoreinformationonMonelvisithttp://www.specialmetals.com/products/index.php(http://www.specialmetals.com/products/index.php)

ENCElectrolessnickelcoatingorENPElectrolessnickelplating(ASTMB733)

Electrolessnickelcoating/platingisanautocatalyticnickelphosphorouscoatingusedonmetal(typicallyvalveballs).Itisappliedatvariousthicknesses1mmto
3mmwiththegreaterthethicknessthebettertheresiliancyofthecoating3mmisthepreferredthicknessinthevalveindustry.Thecoatingisusedasan
inexpensivealternativetostainlessduetoitssimilarmechanical/chemicalproperties.Thecoatingisappliedtolessexpensivemetalswhichcansignificantly
reducecost.Electrolessnickelisuniformlydepositedonapplicationmakingitsimplertoapplyoncomplexcomponentsasopposedtootherhardwearing
coatings.

AcopyoftheASTMB733speccanbepurchasedherehttp://www.astm.org/Standards/B733.htm(http://www.astm.org/Standards/B733.htm)

HeattreatmentsHeattreatingisagroupofprocessesusedtoalterthephysical/chemicalpropertyofametal.Thefourcommontypesofheattreatmentinvalve
materialsare:

AAnnealThisisageneralterminwhichmetalisheatedtoaspecifictemperaturethencooledatacontrolledratethatresultsinarefinedmicrostructure.Itis
usuallyusedtosoftenthemetaltoimprovemachinabilityorincreaseelectricalconductivity.

NNormalizeNormalizingisatechniqueusedtoprovideconsistencyingrainsizethroughoutanalloy.Typicallyitisappliedtoferrousalloysthatareheated
abovetheircriticaltemperatureandallowedtocoolinopenair.

NTNormalizeandTemperTemperisanadditionalstepusedonmartenisticsteelmakingitlessbrittle.Temperingistypicallydonebyheatingthemetalto
temperaturesbelowthecriticaltemperaturetoincreasetoughness.

QTQuenchandTemperQuenchingisaheattreatmentinwhichthemetalisheatedtoaspecifictemperaturethencooledquicklytoincreasehardening.

Formoreinformationonheattreatmentsvisithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_treating(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_treating)

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