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Gas Spargers
CFD Modeling
Co- Counter-
current current
Type of Bubble Columns
0.6 0.25
2 G
d bs 0.4
0.5
G
eM L L
G ~ U Gn
In the homogeneous flow regime, n is close to unity. When
large bubbles are present, the exponent decreases, i.e., the
gas holdup increases less than proportionally to the gas
flow rate.
Interphase Forces
Drag force
Resultant slip velocity between two phases.
Basset force
Due to the development of a boundary layer around a
bubble.
Enhancement
Phase distribution
transfer resistance
Mass transfer Limitation
Gas hold-up Heat transfer
Interfacial area
Bubble driving force
recirculation mixing
Fluid properties
Turbulence shear Bubble breakage
stress terminal
velocity
And coalescence
residence time
CFD Modeling of Bubble Columns
Eulerian-Lagrangian approach
To simulate trajectories of individual bubbles
(bubble-scale phenomena)
Eulerian-Eulerian approach
To simulate the behavior of gas-liquid dispersions
with high gas volume fractions (e.g. to simulate
millions of bubbles over a long period of time)
Simulation Objective
Unsteady, asymmetric
To avoid imposing symmetry boundary conditions
Two-dimensional
Consider the whole domain
Three-dimensional
Use a body-fitted grid, or
Use modified conventional axis boundary
conditions to allow flow through the axis
When to use 2D Simulation?
Estimate liquid phase mixing and heat transfer
coefficient.
Gas-liquid
L L G G gdz
H
Dispersion ph
0
(gas as dispersed
Hydrostatic head
phase)
above the sparger
P0
Sparger
Plenum Ps
Vortical
structures
2D 3D
Source: http://kramerslab.tn.tudelft.nl/research/topics/multiphaseflow.htm
Dispersion of Tracer in a Liquid
Verification and Validation
Scale-down for experimental program.
Experiments are carried out in simple geometries and different conditions than
actual operating conditions.
The validated CFD model can then be used to extrapolate the experimental
data and to simulate fluid dynamics under actual operating conditions.
2-D CFD Simulation
Experiments
Meandering motions
Lateral movement of the bubble hose in the flat bubble column (gas flow rate 0.8 l/min)
Becker, et al., Chem. Eng. Sci. 54(12):4929-4935 (1999)
Simulation and Experiment