INTAKE

INTAKE SYSTEM
SYSTEM
 INTAKE SYSTEM
GENERAL DIAGRAM
THROTTLE BODY
AIR CLEANER
SURGE TANK

IDLE SPEED
CONTROL MOTOR

CYLINDER
MAP SENSOR
The manifold absolute
pressure(MAP) sensor is a pressure
sensitive variable resistor. It
measures the change in the intake
manifold pressure which result from
engine load and speed changes
and converts this to a voltage output.
The MAP sensor is also used to
measure barometric pressure at
start up and under certain other
conditions, allows the ECM to
MAP sensor
automatically adjust for different
altitudes.
MAP SENSOR

J-1 Elantra Accent

MAP SENSOR
CIRCUIT
The ECM supplies 5 volts to the
MAP sensor and monitors the
voltage on a signal line. The sensor
provides a path to ground through its
variable resistor.
The MAP sensor input affects fuel
delivery and ignition timing controls
in the ECM.
ground
signal
sensor
power
MAP SENSOR
WAVE FORM - SUDDEN ACCELERATION

COMMENTS:
MAP SENSOR
WAVE FORM - SUDDEN DECELERATION

COMMENTS:
MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR
This hot film type air flow sensor consists of a hot film sensor, housing and
metering duct. Mass air flow rate is measured by detection of heat transfer
from the hot film probe. The change in air flow rate causes change in the
amount of heat being transferred from the hot film probe surface to the air
flow. This results in a change of the temperature in the hot film probe and
in the change of resistance.
MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR
CIRCUIT

MAF
SENSOR

SENSOR SIGNAL
GROUND OUTPUT
ECM
MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR
WAVEFORM
COMMENTS:

MAF SENSOR

TPS
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
General Information
The amount of air taken in by the air cleaner is measured by the
volume air flow sensor, the air passes through the throttle body
then to the surge tank. From the surge tank, it is distributed to
the manifold of each cylinder, where it is mixed with fuel injected
and is taken into the cylinder. The amount of supplied air is
regulated by the opening of the throttle valve. The amount of air
during idling is adjusted by the idle speed actuator, which is
controlled by the ECM. The ISA controls the bypass air amount
during deceleration and engine warm-up.
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
MELCO
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
The VAF sensor measures the intake air volume. It makes use of a
Karman Vortex to detect the air flow rate and sends it to the ECM.
The ECM uses this signal to decide basic fuel injection duration.

Ultrasonic wave
Amplifier
AIR
Transmitter

ECM
Rectifier Receiver

Modulator
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
KARMAN VORTEX
When a triangular column is placed in
an air stream, regularly spaced
vortices are generated downstream
alternately on either side of the
column. These vortices are called
"Karman vortices". The number of
vortices generated is proportional to
a close degree to the volume of air
flow in given time; the higher the
flow speed, the more vortices are
generated.
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
KARMAN VORTEX
(1) When there is no air flow : No vortices are generated in the
absence of air flow. Therefore, the ultrasonic waves transmitted
from the transmitter take a fixed time to reach the receiver. This
time is called the "reference time". This time shall be referred to
as "T".
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
KARMAN VORTEX
(2) When a clockwise vortex
passes under transmitter :
When a vortex passing between
the transmitter and receiver
revolves clockwise, the direction
of ultrasonic wave transmission
is the same as that of the air
movement of the leading half of
the vortex, so that the time
elapsed for the ultrasonic waves
to reach the receiver is shorter
than the reference time.
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
KARMAN VORTEX
This time shall be referred to as "T". In the trailing half of the
vortex, the directions of the wave transmission and the vortex air
movement are opposite to each other, thus the elapsed time
required by the ultrasonic waves to reach the receiver becomes
longer.
(3) When a counterclockwise vortex passes under the transmitter .
When the vortex passing between the transmitter and receiver
revolves counterclockwise, the direction of ultrasonic wave
transmission and that of the air movement of the vortex are
opposite to each other for its leading half, thus the time taken for
the ultrasonic waves to reach the receiver is longer than the
reference time. This time shall be referred to as "T".
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
KARMAN VORTEX
In the trailing half of the vortex, the directions of the two are the
same so that the time taken for the ultrasonic waves to reach the
receiver becomes shorter than the reference time.
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
KARMAN VORTEX
(4) When clockwise and
counterclockwise vortices are
passing in an alternate fashion.
When clockwise and
counterclockwise vortices are
passing alternately between the
transmitter and the receiver, the
time taken for ultrasonic waves
to reach the receiver changes
as illustrated in the upper
diagram at the left.
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
KARMAN VORTEX
(5) Modulator generated signal
Each time the "T" point is
passed and transmission time
converge on the reference time
"T", the modulator generates one
pulse. As a result, when more air
is drawn, the modulator
generates more pulses, and
when less air is drawn, it
generates less pulses. The air
flow sensor measures the intake
air flow based on this principle.
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
CIRCUIT

VAF SENSOR

CONTROL
RELAY
VOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
WAVE FORM
COMMENTS:

IDLE CONDITION SUDDEN ACCEL'T

TP SENSOR
The TP sensor is a rotating type variable resistor that rotates with the
throttle body throttle shaft to sense the throttle valve angle.
TP SENSOR
CIRCUIT

TP Sensor

TP Sensor
with idle s/w
TP SENSOR
CURRENT DATA
Each EMS systems use different inputs to determines throttle valve
angle.
MELCO - use voltage output from the TPS
BOSCH - converts voltage output from the TPS to angle in degrees.
SIEMENS - converts voltage output from the TPS to valve opening
percentage.

CONDITION SIEMENS BOSCH MELCO

AT IDLE 2-18% 8-12 450-550
ACCELERT'G INCREASE
WIDE OPEN 80-100% 88-98 4.5 - 5.0V
TP SENSOR
WAVEFORM

COMMENTS:
IAT SENSOR
The intake air temperature(IAT) sensor is
a resistor-based sensor for detecting the
intake air temperature.
According to the intake air temperature
information from the sensor, the ECM
provides fuel injection duration control.

SONATA

ACCENT

ELANTRA
(96MY)
IAT SENSOR

Resistance
Temperature

Output voltage
Sensor Ground
power

Temperature
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR

A barometric pressure sensor is mounted on the volume air flow

sensor. It senses the barometric pressure and converts it to
electrical voltage which is sent to the engine control unit. Using this
signal, the engine control unit calculates the altitude of the vehicle
location and corrects the fuel injection quantity for optimum air-fuel
ratio at that altitude as well as the ignition timing. This ensures
improved driveability at high altitudes. The barometric pressure
sensor converts the pressure to a voltage making use of the fact
that the resistance of a strain gauge changes in direct proportion to
the pressure as shown with the circuit diagram which illustrates the
relationship between barometric pressure and output voltage.
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR

protective film strain gauge

aluminium diffusion
electrode lead

vacumn reference
pressure chamber
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR
CIRCUIT

VOLTAGE
PRESSURE
IDLE POSITION S/W
The idle position s/w determines whether the accelerator pedal is
depressed or not, then converts it into a voltage and sends to the
ECM. Idle position s/w of V6 engine is located in the TP sensor.
IDLE POSITION SWITCH
At idle position of throttle valve : ON
Not idle position of throttle valve : OFF

Some engine
None idle switch engine uses the TP sensor signal instead of
idle s/w, ECM memorizes the minimum TP sensor value.
IDLE POSITION S/W
CIRCUIT
Inside TP sensor
TP SENSOR IDLE S/W

IDLE S/W
IDLE SPEED CONTROL
A. Rotary Actuator
- RD,XD Elantra
- Accent - XG 2.5L
- EF Sonata - FO
B. Linear Actuator
- Atos
C. Step Motor
- Y-3 Sonata after 93MY
- Sonata DOHC before 93MY
- J-1 Elantra DOHC
- XG 3.0L
TYPE 2-IDLE SPEED CONTROL

D. D.C Motor
MELCO
- Sonata SOHC before 93MY
- Scoupe before 92MY
- Excel
- Elantra 1.5L

E. Electronic Throttle valve control System(ETS)

- XG 3.0(Optional)
- LZ
ISC ACTUATOR
The ISC Actuator is of the double coil type and has two coils. The two coils
are driven by separate driver stages of the ECM and one coil receives the
inverse signal of the other. Depending on the pulse duty factor, the
equilibrium of the magnetic forces of the two coils will result in different
angles of the motor. In parallel to the throttle valve, a bypass hose line is
arranged where the idle speed actuator is inserted in.

ELANTRA

ACCENT
FO,SM
ISC ACTUATOR
CIRCUIT

MFI CONTROL
RELAY

OPENING CLOSING
COIL COIL
ISC ACTUATOR
WAVEFORM - SIEMENS

COMMENTS:
ISC ACTUATOR
WAVEFORM - SIEMENS (OPENING & CLOSING COIL)

COMMENTS:
ISC ACTUATOR
WAVEFORM - SIEMENS (FREQUENCY)

COMMENTS:
ISC ACTUATOR
WAVEFORM - BOSCH

COMMENTS:
ISC ACTUATOR
WAVEFORM - BOSCH(OPENING & CLOSING)

COMMENTS:
IDLE SPEED CONTROL SERVO

The control of the volume of

intake air is performed by the
throttle valve, the speed
adjusting screw, the fast idle
air valve and the idle speed
control servo, all of which
are mounted on the throttle
body.
IDLE SPEED CONTROL SERVO-MELCO
During engine warm up :
The intake air flow during fast
idle is controlled by both the
wax actuated air valve which
functions in response to the ISC MOTOR

INTAKE AIR VOLUME

engine coolant temperature
and the idle speed control FIAV
servo that is controlled by the
engine control unit.

SPEED ADJ. SCREW

THROTTLE VALVE
COOLANT TEMPERATURE
IDLE SPEED CONTROL SERVO-MELCO
After engine has been warmed up :
Control of the intake air flow during curb idle (or the control
of curb idle speed) is performed by the idle speed control
servo which in turn is controlled by the engine control unit.
The idle speed can be adjusted by increasing or
decreasing the intake air flow rate with the speed adjusting
screw. The off-idle intake air flow is controlled by the
throttle valve ; operation of the accelerator pedal
determines the degree that the throttle valve is open at any
particular moment.
IDLE SPEED CONTROL SERVO-MELCO
FAST IDLE AIR VALVE
FAST IDLE AIR VALVE
The fast idle air valve is a wax actuated valve. The engine coolant
circulates around the wax pellet, causing the air valve to be forced
out as the coolant temperature increases, thus decreasing the
bypass air flow rate. The valve is closed completely when the
coolant temperature is approximately 50*C (122*F) or higher.
ISC STEP MOTOR

The idle speed control servo, consisting of a step type motor and
pintle, is mounted on the throttle body. As the motor operates, the
pintle extends or retracts to control the bypass air flow.
The step type motor, or stepper motor, is a motor that rotates a
fixed angle when an electric pulse is applied. The rotor of the
stepper motor used here for example rotates 15 degrees whenever
a pulse is applied. The pintle meshes with the lead screw on the
magnet rotor shaft. When the rotor rotates in the direction of the
outlined arrow, the lead screw causes the pintle to retract towards
the interior of the motor. When the rotor rotates in the direction of
the solid arrow, the pintle extends.
ISC STEP MOTOR
ISC STEP MOTOR

The relationship between the pintle extension or retraction

movement and bypass air flow rate is as shown below.
ISC STEP MOTOR
CIRCUIT
Battery power is supplied first
to the control relay, then to the
idle speed control servo coil, Control Relay
then to the engine control unit.
The engine control unit uses
the idle speed control servo
activation signal to turn the Step Motor
power transistor on thus
forming the coil grounding
circuit. As the coils are
sequentially energized, it
causes the magnet rotor of the ECM
idle speed control servo to
rotate.
1. OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF STEPPER MOTOR

The stepper motor construction is as shown below. Its operating

principles are explained, with reference to the schematic.
1.1 Step "0"

When coils A1 and B1 are energized the upper halves of stators I

and II are N poles and their lower halves are S poles. Thus, their N
poles and S poles attract the S poles and N poles of rotormagnets,
respectively, and rotor is held stationary.
1.1 Step "0"

STEP "0"
1.2 Step "1"

When coil A2 is energized instead of coil A1, the lower half of

stator becomes an N pole. This means that the N pole is moved
one step to the right compared to the condition Step 0. As a result,
the S pole of the rotor is attracted to the N pole of the stator and
the rotor moves, or rotates, one step to the right.
1.2 Step "1"

STEP "1"
1.3 Step "2"

When coil B2 is energized instead of coil B1, the lower half of stator II
becomes the N pole. This means that the N pole is moved one step to
the right compared to the condition in Step 1. Thus, as in Step 1, the
rotor rotates one step to the right. Each different pair of coils
energized as shown above, the rotor rotates one step.
When the coil energizing sequence is as A1, B1-B1, A2-A2, B2-B2,
A1-A1, B1 ...., the rotor rotates clockwise.
When coil pairs are energized in the reverse sequence, namely in the
order B1, A1-A1, B2-B2, A2-A2, B1, A1 ... the rotor rotates
counterclockwise.
1.3 Step "2"
2. SERVO CONTROL

Servo control includes feedback control and position control. In

feedback control, the engine control unit constantly calculates the
actual idle speed, and if the value differs from the target idle speed,
the unit drives the stepper motor to adjust actual speed to the
target value. In position control, the idle speed control is adjusted to
the target position to cope with the air conditioner and other load
changes. Position control is also performed when cranking the
engine and decelerating.
1. FEEDBACK CONTROL
While the engine runs at idle speed, the stepper motor is activated
to keep the engine speed at the preset target idle speed by
controlling the bypass air volume.
2. SERVO CONTROL

The target idle speed that is optimum for each operating condition
(including air conditioner switch ON/OFF) has been preset. This
engine speed feedback control is provided under stabilized idling
conditions and not when any of the following conditions occur.
o When the vehicle is moving at 2.5 km/h (1.6 mph) or more.
o When the idle switch is turned from OFF to ON, and while the
idle switch is in the OFF position.
o When the air conditioner switch is turned from ON to OFF, or
vice versa.
o When power steering oil pressure switch is turned from ON to
OFF, or vice versa.
2. SERVO CONTROL

o When the ignition s/w is turned from ST to IG or vice versa.

o While the dash pot control is in operation.

A/C Switch Idle Speed Control Servo

N RANGE

Idle Up Stepper Motor Stepper

Target Speed

Control Motor Engine

Coolant Temp

Engine Speed
2. SERVO CONTROL

1. If there is a difference between the

target and actual idle speeds, the
servo is activated the number of
angular steps corresponding to the
difference. Hence, extending or

Servo Drive Steps

retracting the pintle to control the
amount of bypass air and adjusts the
actual idle speed to the target value.

Difference Between the Target

and Actual Idle RPM
2. SERVO CONTROL

The servo drive steps

during idle speed
feedback control vary as
shown in the right.

Servo Drive Steps

Time (sec)
2. SERVO CONTROL

2.When the engine

coolant temp is low,
the fast idle air valve
together with the idle
speed control servo
is operated to supply

Intake Air Volume

an adequate volume
Fast Idle Idle Speed
of bypass air Air Valve Control Servo
according to the
Speed Adjusting Screw
engine coolant temp.
Throttle Valve

-30 0 30 60 90

Engine Coolant Temp (degrees Celsius)

2. SERVO CONTROL

3 Basic Target Idle

Speed : is preset as a
map value optimized
according to the
engine coolant temp.

Basic Target Idle Speed RPM

This speed is
750
maintained to ensure 1.000
stabilized idle speed.

-20 0 40 80
Coolant Temp(Celius)
2. SERVO CONTROL

4. Idle speed while

the A/C is being
operated. When
the engine coolant
temp is set high
with the A/C switch 850

Target Idle Speed RPM

in the ON position,
1.000
the idle speed is
set higher than the
basic idle speed.

-20 0 40 80
Engine Coolant Temp (Celius)
3. POSITION CONTROL

When the steering wheel is turned or the air conditioner switch is

operated while idling, the engine load changes and consequently
the idle speed changes sharply.

Dash Pot Condition

Power Steering Oil
Pressure S/W Idle Speed
A/C Switch Control Servo

Dash Pot
Control
Basic Target

Stepper Stepper
Motor Motor Engine
Position

Idle Up Idle Up
Control
Coolant
Temp
3. POSITION CONTROL

Therefore, immediately after detection of such a load signal, the

engine control unit activates the idle speed control servo to achieve
the target position, thus controlling the bypass air volume and
suppressing engine speed changes. The engine control unit also
activates the idle speed control servo to achieve the optimum
target position while cranking, driving and decelerating, according
to the operating conditions.
3.1 IDLE SPEED SERVO POSITION CONTROL WHEN THE ENGINE IS IDLING

1. Basic position ;
The basic position is preset as a
map value optimized according to
the engine coolant temperature. The
idle speed control servo is activated

Basic Target Position

(number of steps)
to conform to this position, thereby
maintaining the optimum idle speed.
This basic position of the idle control
servo directly corresponds to the
basic idle speed described earlier.

0 80
Coolant Temp (Celius)
3.1 IDLE SPEED SERVO POSITION CONTROL WHEN THE ENGINE IS
IDLING

2. Idle control servo position during

operating of the power steering
system ; Target Position During
Operation
When the power steering oil of the Power Steering System
pressure switch is turned on
because the steering wheel is

Servo Position
being turned while the vehicle is

(Number of
stationary, the servo position is

Steps)
changed to correspond to the
increased power steering pump
load.

0 8
Coolant Temp 0
(Celius)
3.1 IDLE SPEED SERVO POSITION CONTROL WHEN THE ENGINE IS IDLING

3. Servo position while the

air conditioner is being
operated ;
When the air conditioner

(Number of Steps)
Servo Position During
switch is turned on, the

Servo Position
Operation of the A/C
servo position is changed
to correspond to the
increased air conditioner
load.

0 80
Coolant Temp (Celius)
3.1 IDLE SPEED SERVO POSITION CONTROL WHEN THE ENGINE IS IDLING

4. High altitude compensation ;

A correction performed by increasing
the opening of the idle speed control
servo to allow increased bypass air flow.
This is in order to compensate for the

Amount of Correction (steps)

loss of intake air volume (as measured
by weight) caused by a reduction in
intake air density due to a drop in
barometric pressure at increased
altitude.

760
Barometric Pressure mmHg
3.1 IDLE SPEED SERVO POSITION CONTROL WHEN THE ENGINE IS IDLING

(5) Learning function ;

To provide more accurate idle speed position control, the
system is provided with a learning function whereby the servo
position is corrected according to both previous optimum idle
speed values which have been stored in the memory, i.e.
"learned" and the actual idle speed.
 3.2 Control when the Engine Speed is Unusually Low

The following controls are provided when the engine speed falls
below 450 rpm after the engine has been fully warmed-up [with
coolant temperature more than 55 C (131F)].
(1) During feedback ;
The idle speed control servo is activated immediately by a
particular number of angular steps which represent the feedback
correction.
(2) During servo position control ;
The idle speed control servo is activated to conform to a position
corresponding to the increased number of steps (40 steps).
3.3 Dash Pot Control

Control is provided to dampen the extending motion of the pintle,

thereby absorbing deceleration shocks.
(1) Control while cruising ;
While cruising or accelerating, the idle speed control servo is
activated to further open the bypass air path corresponding to the
dash pot position which is more open than in idle position.
The idle speed control servo is activated in this way when the
following conditions are met.
o Engine speed 500 rpm or higher
o Idle switch in the OFF position
3.3 Dash Pot Control

The dash pot position is dependent on the throttle valve

opening map value.
(2) Control during deceleration ;
When the vehicle is decelerated from a cruising or accelerating
speed, the idle speed control servo is activated to gradually
close the bypass air path from the dash pot position so that the
intake air volume is not abruptly reduced, thereby dampening
deceleration shocks.
3.3 Dash Pot Control

The idle speed control servo is activated when either one of the
following conditions are met.
o When the throttle position sensor output voltage drops
o When the idle switch is turned ON.
Position (Number of Steps)
Idle Speed Control Servo

Start of Deceleration
Idle Switch ON

Dash Pot Position

Time (secs) 2 to 6
3.4 Control when Starting

While the engine is being cranked, the idle speed control servo
is controlled to provide optimum bypass air volume for starting.
Immediately after the ignition switch is turned ON, idle speed
servo position control is provided to achieve the optimum
position.
3.4 Control when Starting

(1)Idling stabilization control

immediately after
starting ;Immediately after starting,

when Starting(number of steps)

the idle speed control servo
activation steps are increased above

Basic Servo Position

the idle position; in other words,
bypass air volume is increased. The
number of steps are decreased
gradually afterwards. The increased
number of steps are preset as a
map value according to the engine
coolant temperature. 0 80
Temperature (Celius)
3.5 Idle Stabilizing Control at High Temperature
If the intake air temperature exceeds 50 C (122 F) and coolant
temperature 90 C (194 F) when the engine is started, the
feedback target speed after the engine has started is increased a
set value which is higher than normal and then gradually decreased.

Engine has Started

Target Position

Decr
ease
d
Increased
No.of
Steps
Idle Servo Position

Time (secs)
3.6 Control during Idle Speed Adjustment
Grounding the ignition timing adjusting terminal and diagnosis/data
transfer select terminal causes the idle speed control servo to be
fixed at a position corresponding to the idle position after warm-up.
Idle speed is therefore adjusted with the servo at the preset position
after warm-up (9 steps).
The altitude compensation control is applied to this position,
meaning that the motor shifts to a position so that the pintle is
further retracted at high altitudes.
Increased Speed
RPM

Time
Time(secs)
ISC STEP MOTOR
WAVEFORM

COMMENTS:
ETS (Electronic Throttle valve control System)
ETS is electronic throttle valve control system.
ETS system uses an electronic control module and electric motor
to control the throttle valve instead of accelerator cable.
The engine control system can perform various functions to
enhance engine management, driving safety and convenience.
The safety means that the engine control system is related to
TCS(traction control system) to reduce the engine rpm and
torque. The convenience means that the engine control system is
also related to cruise control system to control the vehicle speed.

The throttle valve control module receives signals from various

components. For example, APS, TPS and ECM. The throttle
valve control module is related to TCS and cruise control system
through the ECM.
ETS (Electronic Throttle valve control System)
The APS(accelerator position sensor) monitors the position of the
accelerator pedal and transmits this information to control
modules. There are two APS on the dash pannel(see location).
One is for engine control module. The other is for throttle valve
control module. The control module use this signal to calculate
the control signal for the throttle motor.
The TP(throttle position) sensor monitors the position of the
throttle valve. The control module uses this signal to monitor the
throttle valve position. There is one TP sensor on the throttle
body (see location) but there are two output signal lines. One is
for engine control module. The other is for throttle valve control
module.
ETS (Electronic Throttle valve control System)
The throttle motor a brushless type step motor. It drive the throttle
valve through the gear set. The throttle motor is driven by throttle
valve control module through the 3 wires.
The fail safe motor is a fail safe device. It prevents the engine
stall when the throttle motor is not operated.
There are only two positions opening and closing position.
Applicable engine is as below table.

Engine ETS

4.5L Omega Engine All

3.0L Sigma Engine TCS vehicle only

ETS (Electronic Throttle valve control System)
Throttle Motor
The throttle motor a brushless type step motor. It drive the throttle
valve through the gear set. The throttle motor is driven by throttle
valve control module through the 3 wires.
ETS (Electronic Throttle valve control System)
ETS (Electronic Throttle valve control System)
ETS (Electronic Throttle valve control System)
Initialization have to be done in following cases
1. After production of vehicle
2. Throttle motor replacement
3. ETSCM replacement

Procedure
1. Erase the trouble codes on the ECM and the ETSCM
2. Turn the ignition key on less than 1second and turn it off
(Do not start the engine)
3. Turn the ignition key off and keep this condition until the
control relay is turned off.(It will takes 10 second)
4. Turn ignition key on more than 1second to record the
throttle motor position on the EEPROM
ETS (Electronic Throttle valve control System)
Checking the completion of initialization
If the throttle valve was moved while operating of
acceleration pedal on engine running or ignition key on.
The initialization was completely finished.

Reference
If the throttle motor position was recorded on EEPROM
through the initialization procedure, ETSCM does not need to
initialize any more even if the battery terminal is disconnected.