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Categories of Joint

Joints can be classified functionally according to:

- type

- degree of movement

- biomechanical properties

- Function

- structure
3 Functional Categories of Joint

1. Synarthrosis
- Immovable joint = joints that have NO movement
- Most synarthrosis is Fibrous Joints
- Ex.

Skull Sutures Gomphoses-Teeth


2. Amphiarthrosis

- Slightly moveable joint


- Most amphiarthrosis is Cartilaginous Joints
- Ex.

Intervertebral discs Pubic symphysis


3. Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

- Freely moveable joint


- Ex.

Knee Joints Shoulder Joints


3 Structural Categories of Joints

based on the type of tissue involved in their formations:

Fibrous Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

Synovial Joints
Fibrous Joints
Connected by dense connective tissue which is rich in collagen

Fixed or immovable joints interlocked with irregular edges

3 types; Suture, Syndesmoses, Gomphosis


Types of Fibrous Joints
Suture
Found in cranial (Skull), connected by Sharpey's fibers and allow some
movement in fetus but become mostly immovable as growing

Syndesmoses
Found between long bone of the body and allow less movement than
synovial joints

Gomphosis
Found at the articulation between teeth and socket of the maxilla or
mandible connected by fibrous tissue called periodontal ligament
Types of Fibrous Joints
Suture Syndesmoses Gomphosis
Cartilaginous Joints
Are connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

Allow are movement than Fibrous joint but lesser than synovial joint

2 Types; Primary (Synchondroses)

Ex. Epiphyseal plate

Secondary (Symphyses)

Ex. Intervertebral discs


Synovial Joints or Diarthroses
The most common and movable

Have Synovial capsule

Dense irregular connective tissue

connects the Bones together forming an

articular capsule that covers bones

articulating surfaces
UNIAXIAL
Gliding Joints/planar
Allow for smooth movement in several
directions along a plane or other smooth surface.
The articulation is like two plates
sliding across each other.
Nonaxial (a little movement with no axis)
Example : wrists (intercarpal joints), ankles
(intertarsal joints)
Condyloid Joints
Similar to gliding joints but they have
an irregular surface where the bones move
past one another.
This type of joint is like two bowls
nested together.
Biaxial movements (forward-backward
and side to side but not rotation)
Example : The radio-carpal joint of the wrist
Saddle Joints
Characterized by two bones that fit
together in a manner similar to a rider
in a saddle.
This sort of articulation allows bending
motion in several directions without sliding.
Biaxial (forward-backward and side to
side but not rotation)
Example : Carpometacarpal joint
of the thumb.

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