ABs Prunus serotina

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Ordaz-Galindo, A., Wesche-Ebeling, P., Wrolstad, R. E.,

Rodrguez- Saona, L., and Argaiz-Jamet, A. 1999.
Purification and identification of Capulin (Prunus serotina
Ehrh) anthocyanins. Food Chemistry. Vol. 65: 201-206

Mills, S., and Willoughby, M. J. 1996. British Herbal

Pharmacopoeia. 4th ed. British Herbal Medicine Association
Scientific Comitee, West York, England: 290-293.

Santamour, F. S. 1998. Amygdalin in Prunus leaves.

Phytochemistry. Vol. 47: 1537-1538.

Pharm Biol. 2010 Jul;48(7):732-9.

Vasoactive and antioxidant activities of

plants used in Mexican traditional
medicine for the treatment of
cardiovascular diseases

Acta Pol Pharm. 2005 Nov-Dec;62(6):435-41.

High-performance liquid
chromatographic identification of
flavonoid monoglycosides from Prunus
serotina ehrh.
Olszewska M

cta Pol Pharm. 2005 Mar-Apr;62(2):127-33.

Flavonoids from Prunus serotina Ehrh.

Olszewska M.
Source eFE-$&c3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University of Ld, 1 Muszyski Str, 90-151 Ld, Poland.
molszewska@pharm.am.lodz.p

J Pharm Sci. 1969 Oct;58(10):1272-3.

Identification of monomeric and

polymeric 5,7,3'4'-tetrahydroxyflavan-
3,4-diol from tannin extract of wild
cherry bark USP, Prunus serotina Erhart,
family Rosaceae.
Buchalter L.
PMID:
5349119
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Isolation and analysis of bioactive constituents of sour
cherry (Prunus cerasus) seed kernel: an emerging
functional food.
Bak I, Lekli I, Juhasz B, Varga E, Varga B, Gesztelyi R, Szendrei L, Tosaki A.

Source

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science Center,

University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

J Med Food. 2010 Aug;13(4):905-10.

Abstract

A plant-based diet reduces the risk for the development of several chronic diseases, such as
ischemic heart disease or cancer due to natural compounds found in plants. Numerous
cereals, berries, fruits, and vegetables, including sour cherry (Prunus cerasus), which is a
favored fruit worldwide, contain biological active components. The antioxidant
components of the sour cherry seed kernel have not been investigated until now. The aim of
our study was to isolate and analyze the bioactive constituents of sour cherry seed kernel.
We separated the oil fraction of the kernel; then the remaining solid fraction was dried, and
the oil-free kernel extract was further analyzed. Our results show that sour cherry seed
kernel oil contains vegetable oils including unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acids, alpha-
tocopherol, tocotrienols, and tocopherol-like components. The components of the solid
fraction include various bioactive structures such as polyphenols, flavonoids, vegetable
acids, and pro- and anthocyanidins, which could have useful therapeutic effects in the
prevention of various vascular diseases

Antioxidant activity relates to

plant part, life form and growing
condition in some diabetes
remedies
Letitia M. McCunea, ,
and Timothy Johnsa, b
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Volume 112, Issue 3, 25 July 2007, Pages 461-469

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.006 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI

a
Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-
Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada

b
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-
Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada

Abstract

Selection, collection and preparation of 35 plant species used by traditional healers in the
boreal regions of Canada for treatment of the symptoms of diabetes were supported
empirically by antioxidant activity of the plants. Because antioxidants fluctuate with growth
parameters and environmental factors, these remedies were evaluated in relation to the
affect of plant part, life form and growing condition on the level of activity. The parts used
here more frequently as medicines were roots and bark. Activity (IC50) of the bark extracts
used medicinally averaged to 21.38 3.84 ppm while root extracts used medicinally had an
IC50 of 185.11 32.18 ppm in a free radical DPPH assay. In contrast the analysis of extracts
of overall parts (medicinal or not) in these species found leaves and bark to have the least
activity (112.22 30.63 ppm and 123.02 21.13 ppm, respectively). The highest activity
was found in tree extracts (24.88 3.32 ppm) as compared to herbs and shrubs, and
increased activity was found in plant extracts from growing conditions of decreased
water/fertility. The antioxidant activity of these traditional plant remedies have the potential
to be partially deduced through environment signals interpreted by the traditional herbalist.

Keywords: Bark; Medicinal plant; Diabetes; Antioxidant; Habita

Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of
gastrointestinal disorders. 3. Confirmation of activity
against enterobacteria of 16 plants*1

Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Volume 38, Issue 1, January 1993, Pages 31-38

Armando Cceresa, b, , Ligia Fletesa, Leila Aguilara, Olvi Ramirez, Ligia Figueroaa,
Ana Maria Taracenaa and Blanca Samayoaa

a
Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of San Carlos (USAC), Edificio
T-12, Ciudad Universita, Zona 12, Guatemala City, Guatemala

b
Center for Mesoamerican Studies on Appropriate Technology (CEMAT), Guatemala City,
Guatemala

doi:10.1016/0378-8741(93)90076-H

Abstract

Ethonobotanical surveys and literature review identified 408 plants used in Guatemala for
the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The screening of 84 showed that 34 inhibit one
or more enterobacteria; 16 of these were selected for further investigation. Extracts were
obtained with three solvents of different polarity (n-hexane, acetone and alcohol) and the in
vitro activity was demonstrated against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella
enteritidis and Shigella flexneri. The activity of nine ethanolic extracts against
enterobacteria, particularly Acalypha guatemalensis, Diphysa robiniodes, Lippia dulcis,
Psidium guajava and Spondias purpurea was confirmed. The plants with antibacterial
activity are discussed.

Author Keywords: gastrointestinal disorders; enterobacteria; Guatemala; antibacterial

Article Outline

References

*1 Presented in part at the II Mesoamerican Seminar on Ethnopharmacology,

San Jose, Costa Rica, December, 1989. Correspondence to: Armando
Cceres, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of San Carlos
(USAC), Edificio T-12, Ciudad Universitaria, Zona 12, , Guatemala City, ,
Guatemala
Partial purification and characterization of an -D-
mannosidase from mature seeds of Prunus serotina
Ehrh. Original Research Article
Plant Science, Volume 53, Issue 1, 1987, Pages 1-10
K.T. Waln, J.E. Poulton
Close preview | Related articles | Related reference work articles
Abstract | References

Abstract

An -D-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) has been purified approximately 90-fold from mature
black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seeds in 35% yield using O-(diethylaminoethyl)-
cellulose chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The purified enzyme had a
molecular weight of 150 000, as determined by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, and an
isoelectric point at 4.85.2. The enzyme showed tight binding to concanavalin A-Sepharose
4B (Con A-Sepharose) with less than 25% of the applied activity being eluted by 1.0 M -
methyl-D-mannoside. The black cherry -D-mannosidase showed high activity towards the
synthetic substrates p-nitrophenyl--D-mannoside (Km = 2.8 mM) and 4-methyl-
umbelliferyl--D-mannoside (Km = 2.2 mM) at pH 4.0. The enzyme did not exhibit a metal
ion requirement. However, silver nitrate (1 mM) inhibited activity by 70%. Metal chelators
and thiol reagents had no effect on enzyme activity. -D-Mannosidase activity was potently
inhibited by D-mannono-(1,5)-lactone and the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, which
caused 50% inhibition at approximately 73 M and 0.4 M, respectively. The -glucosidase
inhibitor castanospermine had no effect on this enzyme.

Prolonged incubation of -D-mannosidase with black cherry mandelonitrile lyase at 30C

did not change the molecular weight of the lyase. Furthermore, the elution profile of
mandelonitrile lyase upon Con A-Sepharose 4B chromatography was unaltered by prior
incubation of this glycoprotein with black cherry -D-mannosidase for 8 h.
Purification and identification of Capulin (Prunus serotina
Ehrh) anthocyanins Original Research Article
Food Chemistry, Volume 65, Issue 2, May 1999, Pages 201-206
Alejandro Ordaz-Galindo, Pedro Wesche-Ebeling, Ronald E.
Wrolstad, Luis Rodriguez-Saona, Alvaro Argaiz-Jamet
Close preview | Related articles | Related reference work articles
Abstract | Figures/Tables | References

Abstract

Capulin (Prunus serotina Ehrh) anthocyanins were extracted from liquid nitrogen powdered epidermal tissue
using acetone, the aqueous acetone extract partitioned with chloroform and purified in a C-18 solid-phase
cartridge. pH-differential and bisulfite bleaching methods were used to determine monomeric anthocyanin
content and polymeric color. Pigments were identified by spectral analyses, HPLC and mass spectroscopy.
Information from HPLC profiles, saponification and acid hydrolysis of the capulin anthocyanins showed that
the two major pigments were cyanidin-3-glucoside (34%) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (63%), with no acylating
groups. A third yellow/orange pigment (max 480 nm, MW=632) possibly containing rutinose was detected by
MS.
IMAGEN PRUNUS WISCONSIN

Abstract

Black cherry occupies a key position in the dynamics of oak (Quercus spp.) forests in
southern Wisconsin. Its relative importance in sapling and small-tree sizes averaged over
50%, and in some stands it was the only species in these strata. Age analysis of 854 cores
showed that 58% of all black cherry stems were established between 1931 and 1941. The
appearance of large amounts of black cherry in the 1930 decade was the result of drought
and livestock-feed shortages. The latter were especially severe in 1934 and 1936 and
resulted in large-scale disturbance of forests through grazing and possibly extensive cutting
of forests for foliage. The presence of a strong shrub component exerted a major influence
on the dynamics of the oak forest. An inverse relationship existed between overstory tree
basal area and the importance of shrubs. Although density and cover of tree seedlings were
independent of tree basal area and shrub cover, seedling numbers were insufficient for
adequate restocking of most stands. In clear-cut forests the shrub layer was extensive, and
regrowth of trees was largely confined to stump sprouts. Shrubs in disturbed forests
averaged 38,635 stems/acre, 4,535 square inches basal area/acre, and 145.8% cover. In
undisturbed forests, shrub competition (average 16,231 stems/acre, 1,036 square inches
basal area/acre, and 51.4% cover) largely precluded seedling establishment by tree species,
and maximum basal area levels in these forests were not maintained. Growth and survival
of black cherry in the understory depended on the complex interaction of environmental
factors. Tree overstory basal area and soil available water were the most significant factors
controlling its vigor. Suppressed stems of cherry were as old as 60 years. Growth patterns
in stem cores showed that stems responded to release after 39 years of suppression. The
capacity of black cherry to develop basal sprouts and the occurrence of light intensities
greater than 1,200 ft-c in the understory greatly aided its survival in this stratum. The
important role of black cherry in the dynamics of the oak forests was based on
opportunistic characteristics including widespread dispersal, delayed germination of seeds,
and flexible seedbed requirements. Forest conditions, such as the isolation of forests as
woodlots, pioneer environmental conditions, and widespread disturbance, predisposed
invasion by opportunistic species. Dynamic processes were characterized by general rather
than gradient compositional changes. Patterns of replacement were not orderly and
predictable, but irregular as a result of chance dispersal and local catastrophe. Although not
uncommon in oak forests in the northeastern United States, invasion by Acer saccharum is
not occurring in southern Wisconsin. Succession to Acer-Tilia is confined to specific sites.
The overall existing pattern is one of increasing diversity typical of many pioneer
communities in an early phase of colonization
Vasoactive and antioxidant activities of plants used
in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of
cardiovascular diseases
July 2010, Vol. 48, No. 7 , Pages 732-739 (doi:10.3109/13880200903271280)

Pharmaceutical Biology July 2010, Vol. 48, No. 7 : Pages 732-739

Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13880200903271280

C. Ibarra-Alvarado1, A. Rojas1, S. Mendoza1, M. Bah1, D. M. Gutirrez1, L. Hernndez-Sandoval2, M.

Martnez2
1
Facultad de Qumica, Universidad Autnoma de Quertaro, Centro Universitario, Quertaro, Mxico
2
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autnoma de Quertaro, Campus Juriquilla, Quertaro,
Mxico
Address for CorrespondenceCsar Ibarra-Alvarado,: Facultad de Qumica, Universidad Autnoma de
Quertaro, Cerro de las Campanas, 76010 Quertaro, Qro, Mxico. Tel: +52 442 192 1267. Fax: +52
442 192 1302. E-mail: cibarra@uaq.mx

This study demonstrated that the aqueous extracts of plants employed in Mexican traditional medicine
for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases are able to modify the tone of arterial smooth muscle.
Agastache mexicana (Kunth) Lint & Epling (Labiatae), Chenopodium murale L. (Chenopodiaceae),
Chirantodendron pentadactylon Larreat (Sterculiaceae), Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Labiatae),
Psittacanthus calyculatus G. Don (Loranthaceae), Prunus serotina ssp. capuli (Cav. ex Spreng) McVaugh
(Rosaceae), and Sechium edule Sw. (Cucurbitaceae) contain secondary metabolites that promote
vascular relaxation and display antioxidant activities. As expected, their antioxidant effects showed a
significant correlation with the polyphenolics content. However, a lower correlation was found between
the antioxidant activity and the maximum vasodilatory effect, suggesting that the vasodilatation elicited by
the plant extracts could be only partly attributed to their antioxidant properties. The extract of P.
calyculatus, which displayed a maximum vasorelaxant effect that was higher than that of acetylcholine,
induced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Futhermore, the vasorelaxant response to the P.
calyculatus extract was reduced after adding an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase activity, providing
evidence that the NO/cGMP pathway is involved. On the other hand, the extracts of Bocconia frutescens
L. (Papaveraceae), Magnolia grandiflora L. (Magnoliaceae), and Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae)
induced concentration-dependent contraction of rat aortic rings, suggesting that these plants have
potential health benefits for the treatment of ailments such as venous insufficiency. The pharmacological
activities of the extracts studied provide scientific support for their ethnomedical use.
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13880200903271280
Purification and identification of Capulin (Prunus
serotina Ehrh) anthocyanins Original Research Article
Food Chemistry, Volume 65, Issue 2, May 1999, Pages 201-
206
Alejandro Ordaz-Galindo, Pedro Wesche-Ebeling, Ronald E.
Wrolstad, Luis Rodriguez-Saona, Alvaro Argaiz-Jamet
Close preview | Related articles | Related reference work articles

Abstract | Figures/Tables | References

Abstract
Capulin (Prunus serotina Ehrh) anthocyanins were extracted from liquid
nitrogen powdered epidermal tissue using acetone, the aqueous acetone
extract partitioned with chloroform and purified in a C-18 solid-phase
cartridge. pH-differential and bisulfite bleaching methods were used to
determine monomeric anthocyanin content and polymeric color.
Pigments were identified by spectral analyses, HPLC and mass
spectroscopy. Information from HPLC profiles, saponification and acid
hydrolysis of the capulin anthocyanins showed that the two major
pigments were cyanidin-3-glucoside (34%) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside
(63%), with no acylating groups. A third yellow/orange pigment (max 480
nm, MW=632) possibly containing rutinose was detected by MS.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Volume 112, Issue 3, 25 July 2007, Pages 461-469

Cited By in Scopus
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.006 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
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Antioxidant activity relates to plant part, life form and growing condition in
some diabetes remedies

Purchase

Letitia M. McCunea, ,
and Timothy Johnsa, b

a
Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-
Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada

b
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-
Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada

Received 19 April 2006;

revised 22 January 2007;

accepted 9 April 2007.

Available online 24 April 2007.

Abstract

Selection, collection and preparation of 35 plant species used by traditional healers in the
boreal regions of Canada for treatment of the symptoms of diabetes were supported
empirically by antioxidant activity of the plants. Because antioxidants fluctuate with growth
parameters and environmental factors, these remedies were evaluated in relation to the
affect of plant part, life form and growing condition on the level of activity. The parts used
here more frequently as medicines were roots and bark. Activity (IC50) of the bark extracts
used medicinally averaged to 21.38 3.84 ppm while root extracts used medicinally had an
IC50 of 185.11 32.18 ppm in a free radical DPPH assay. In contrast the analysis of extracts
of overall parts (medicinal or not) in these species found leaves and bark to have the least
activity (112.22 30.63 ppm and 123.02 21.13 ppm, respectively). The highest activity
was found in tree extracts (24.88 3.32 ppm) as compared to herbs and shrubs, and
increased activity was found in plant extracts from growing conditions of decreased
water/fertility. The antioxidant activity of these traditional plant remedies have the potential
to be partially deduced through environment signals interpreted by the traditional herbalist.

Keywords: Bark; Medicinal plant; Diabetes; Antioxidant; Habita