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British Standard

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 | BS EN
BRITISH STANDARD |
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Grout for prestressing |
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tendons |
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Test methods |
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The European Standard EN 445 : 1996 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 91.100.10 ; 91.100.30 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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 BS EN 445 : 1997 Issue 2, December 1997

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural
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use of concrete, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Consulting Engineers

British Cement Association
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
Concrete Society
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of the Environment (Construction Sponsorship Directorate)
Department of Transport (Highways Agency)
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
Steel Reinforcement Commission

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 November 1997

BSI 1997
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date Text affected

9876 December Indicated by a sideline in the margin

1997
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/525/2
Draft for comment 91/10645 DC

ISBN 0 580 28311 9

 Issue 2, December 1997 BS EN 445 : 1997

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/525/2 and is the English
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language version of EN 445 : 1996 Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods
published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
EN 445 was produced as a result of European discussions in which the UK took an
active part. The UK voted against this standard at the CEN Formal Vote stage because
UK industry considered the standard to be insufficient in providing suitable
specification requirements for grouting materials and procedures, particularly for
highway bridges.
The UK conducted significant development work and subsequently published Concrete
Society Technical Report No. 47 Durable Bonded Post Tensioned Concrete Bridges,
prepared by a Concrete Society Working Party in collaboration with the Concrete
Bridge Development Group (September 1996), to which reference may be made.
At the CEN Formal Vote stage, however, the analysis of voting resulted in a positive
vote and in accordance with CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 2 : Common
rules for standards work EN 445 was accepted as a European Standard.
Cross-reference
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
EN 196-1 : 1994 BS EN 196-1 : 1995 Determination of strength
Textual error
The textual error set out below was discovered when adopting the text of the
European Standard. It has been reported to CEN in a proposal to amend the text of the
European Standard.
Figure 2 in the published EN version is not correct. In the national annex NA
(informative) of this BS EN an updated version of the figure is given until such time as
the EN is amended.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

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BSI 1997 i
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 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 445
NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROPAISCHE NORM March 1996
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ICS 91.100.30

Descriptors: Cables, ropes, prestressed concrete, grouting, viscosity, tests

English version

Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods

Coulis pour cable de precontrainte Methode Einpremortel fur Spannglieder Prufverfahren

d'essais

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-28. CEN members are
bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite Europeen de Normalisation
Europaisches Komitee fur Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members.

Ref. No. EN 445 : 1996 E
 Page 2
EN 445 : 1996

Foreword Page
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3.4 Volume change test 6

This European Standard has been prepared by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 104, Concrete 3.4.1 Principle of test 6
Performance, production, placing and compliance 3.4.2 Cylinder method 6
criteria, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN.
3.4.2.1 Apparatus 6
This European Standard shall be given the status of a
national standard, either by publication of an identical 3.4.2.2 Procedure 6
text or by endorsement, at the latest by 3.4.2.3 Reporting of results 6
September 1996, and conflicting national standards 3.4.3 Can method 6
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1996.
3.4.3.1 Apparatus 6
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
the following countries are bound to implement this 3.4.3.2 Procedure 6
European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, 3.4.3.3 Reporting of results 6
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, 3.5 Compression strength test 6
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 3.5.1 Prisms 6
3.5.1.1 Principle of the test 6
3.5.1.2 Apparatus 7
3.5.1.3 Procedure 7
3.5.1.3.1 Moulding of the test specimens 7
Contents 3.5.1.3.2 Curing of test specimens 8
Page 3.5.1.3.3 Compression test 8
Foreword 2 3.5.1.4 Reporting of results 8
0 Introduction 3 3.5.2 Cylinders 8
1 Scope 3 3.5.2.1 Principle 8
2 Normative references 3 3.5.2.2 Apparatus 8
3 Testing of grout 3 3.5.2.3 Procedure 8
3.1 General conditions 3 3.5.2.4 Reporting of results 8
3.2 Fluidity test 3
3.2.1 Immersion method 3
3.2.1.1 Principle of test 3
3.2.1.2 Apparatus 3
3.2.1.3 Calibration procedure 3
3.2.1.4 Test procedure 3
3.2.1.5 Reporting the results 5
3.2.2 Cone method 5
3.2.2.1 Principle of test 5
3.2.2.2 Apparatus 5
3.2.2.3 Test procedure 5
3.2.2.4 Reporting of results 5
3.3 Bleeding test 5
3.3.1 Principle of test 5
3.3.2 Apparatus 5
3.3.3 Procedure 5
3.3.4 Reporting of results 6

BSI 1997

0 Introduction
In post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction,
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the grouting of tendons is an important operation. This
European Standard provides methods of test for grout
specified in EN 447. Some tests given herein are
alternatives and it will be necessary to relate the
chosen test method to the specified requirements.
1 Scope
This European Standard describes the methods of test
for grout specified in EN 447.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the
appropriate places in the text and the publications are
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this European Standard only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For
undated references the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies.
EN 196-1 : 1987 Methods of testing cement
Determination of strength
EN 447 Grout for prestressing tendons
Specification for common grout
ISO 4012 Concrete Determination of
compressive strength of test
specimens
3 Testing of grout
3.1 General conditions
The grouts shall be tested by competent personnel
experienced in the subject. The normal conditions of
temperature and relative humidity at test shall be as
follows:
temperature (20 2) C; and dampen the inside of the tube and the plunger so
relative humidity > 65 %.
These conditions are for the specification of the grout.
Variations in temperature and humidity on site may
cause variations in the test results and shall be
reported.
The grout for the tests shall be made from materials
specified in clause 4 of EN 447 and mixed in
accordance with clause 6 of EN 447. The temperature
of the freshly mixed grout is to be given in all test
reports.
3.2 Fluidity test
3.2.1 Immersion method
3.2.1.1 Principle of test
The test consists of measuring the time a plunger
needs to drop through a defined amount of grout in a
tube.
BSI 1997
Page 3
EN 445 : 1996
3.2.1.2 Apparatus
a) Calibrated immersion equipment, according to
figure 1.
b) A 0,5 m spacer rod, according to figure 1.
c) A stopwatch.
3.2.1.3 Calibration procedure
Calibrate the immersion equipment with glycerol
(analytical grade) having a density of 1,226 g/cm3 at
(20 0,5) C. The temperature of the room, immersion
equipment and glycerol shall be (20 0,5) C during the
calibration.
Fill the cylinder with about 1,9 l glycerol up to
approximately 260 mm below the rim. After filling the
immersion equipment the glycerol shall be allowed to
rest for about 1 h. Then immerse the plunger to expel
the air bubbles from the glycerol, which may have
been introduced into the glycerol during the filling of
the cylinder.
After at least 1 h position the plunger so that its stop
on the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of
the tube. Then pull the spacer away to allow the
plunger to sink to the stop of the tube. Record this
time to the nearest second.
Repeat the calibration at least three times.
The mean value of all measured immersion times shall
be (34 1) s. If the test result deviates from this value
the weight of the plunger shall be increased where
t > 35 s or reduced where t < 33 s. This is done by
varying the quantity of the lead pellets in the plunger.
Delay repeating the calibration procedure for at
least 30 min to ensure that no air bubbles are in the
glycerol resulting from the preceding calibration
procedure.
3.2.1.4 Test procedure
Preparation
The adjustment of the immersion equipment shall be
tested before it is used. Adjustment of the immersion
equipment shall be tested subsequently once a year
and/or after any damage.
Directly before the test place the equipment vertically
that the surface is moist but without free water.
Procedure
Fill the cylinder with approximately 1,9 l grout up to
approximately 260 mm below the rim, so that the
plunger is fully immersed on introduction if its stop on
the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of the
tube. Then pull the spacer away; the plunger sinks to
the stop in the tube. Then raise the plunger back to its
initial position, insert the spacer, pull it away again and
measure the time until the stop lies on the tube.
Measure the immersion times of the grout immediately
after the mixing process and after 30 min.
For the test after 30 min, grout from the same mix as
that used for the immersion test immediately after the
mixing process shall be used; the grout is to be kept in
motion with the stirrer until the carrying out of the test
after 30 min. Each test is carried out three times in
succession with the same filling.
 Page 4
EN 445 : 1996
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1 Stop
2 Guide rod
3 Wooden rod (as spacer)
4 Cu-Zn tube
5 Final position of the plunger
6 Level
7 Wooden rod (as measuring rod)
8 White dye
9 Guide cam
10 Grout level in the starting position of the plunger
11 Grout level without plunger ( 1,9 l)
Figure 1. Immersion equipment for determining the immersion time

BSI 1997
 Page 5
EN 445 : 1996

3.2.1.5 Reporting of results Dimensions in mm

Report the result as the average of the immersion
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times to the nearest second of the second and third

immersion, ignoring the first immersion time.
3.2.2 Cone method
3.2.2.1 Principle of test
The fluidity of grout, expressed in seconds, measured
by the time necessary for a stated quantity of grout to
pass through the orifice of the cone, under stated
conditions.
3.2.2.2 Apparatus
The following apparatus is required for the test.
a) Cone, a cone of the dimensions given in figure 2.
It shall be robust and manufactured from materials
not reactive with any materials specified in clause 4
of EN 447. The volume of the cone (excluding the
cylindrical portions at top and bottom) shall
be 1,7 l 10 %.
Figure 2. Cone for fluidity test
b) Sieving medium, the sieving medium aperture
shall be 1,5 mm and the sieving medium shall be 3.3 Bleeding test
fitted as shown in figure 2, and be removable.
3.3.1 Principle of test
c) Stopwatch.
The test consists of measuring the quantity of water
d) Container, of 1 l capacity.
remaining on the surface of the grout which has been
3.2.2.3 Test procedure allowed to stand protected from evaporation.
Preparation 3.3.2 Apparatus
Mount the cone with its axis vertical and its largest A transparent 100 ml cylinder 25 mm in diameter
diameter uppermost. Fix the sieving medium at the and 250 mm in height graduated in ml. Alternatively, a
position indicated in figure 2. During the test prevent transparent cylinder 50 mm in diameter and 200 mm in
the cone from vibrating. Place the container under the height graduated in mm.
cone outlet. All surfaces of the cone shall be clean and
shall be dampened so that the surfaces are moist but 3.3.3 Procedure
without free water. Close the lower cone orifice. Preparation
Procedure Place the cylinder on a surface free from shocks or
Pour the grout through the sieving medium to fill the vibration. The grout used should be from the same
conical section of the cone. Pour the grout sufficiently batch as that used for the fluidity test.
slowly to prevent the build-up of air in the grout in the Procedure for 25 mm diameter cylinder
cone. Open the lower cone orifice and at the same Pour 95 to 100 ml of grout into the cylinder. Note the
time, start the stopwatch. Measure the time taken to level of the grout (v) ignoring the meniscus. After 3 h,
the nearest 0,5 s to fill the container. The presence of measure the quantity of water on top of the grout (v1),
lumps on the sieving medium shall be reported. Three taking appropriate measures to prevent evaporation.
tests shall be carried out, the first immediately after The test is carried out on one sample of grout.
the grout is mixed and the remaining two tests 30 min
after mixing or injection. While testing is in progress Procedure for 50 mm diameter cylinder
the grout shall be kept agitated. Pour grout into the cylinder to a height of
approximately 150 mm. Note the height to the top of
3.2.2.4 Reporting of results the grout (h) ignoring the meniscus. After 3 h, measure
Report the time taken to the nearest 0,5 s. Report also the height of water on top of the grout (h1) taking
the presence of lumps. appropriate measures to prevent evaporation. The test
Report the result as the average of the times is carried out on one sample of grout.
determined to the nearest 0,5 s of the second and third
tests, ignoring the results of the first test.

BSI 1997
 Page 6
EN 445 : 1996

3.3.4 Reporting of results
Bleeding at the end of 3 h is given by
v1
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transparent stop plate, for placing on the grout
and having a diameter of 98 mm and weight of 10 g
approximately (see figure 4).

3 100 % for 25 mm diameter cylinder d) Filling gauge.

v
and 3.4.3.2 Procedure
h1 Place the cans on a surface free of vibration and heat
3 100 % for 50 mm diameter cylinder radiation and store for 24 h. Immediately after mixing,
h
pour the grout into each can using the filling gauge, to
where: a depth of 100 mm. Carry out a measurement of the
v1 is the volume of water in ml on the surface of distance from the top of the can to the top of the
the grout after 3 h grout:
immediately after the containers are filled; and
v is the initial volume in ml of grout
24 h after the containers are filled;
h1 is the height in mm of water on the surface of by one of the following methods.
the grout after 3 h
a) Measurement with the stop plate on the can
h is the initial height in mm of grout. Take the first measurement immediately after the
The report shall state the temperature at the time of cans have been filled with grout, by measuring the
test. distance between the surface of the grout and the
top edge of the can, with the stop plate on the can,
3.4 Volume change test in at least six places with the depth gauge or by
3.4.1 Principle of test other means (first measurement). The marking shall
coincide with the top edge of the can (reference
The volume change is measured as a percentage of the point). Then seal the cans by covering the lid with a
volume of grout between the start and the end of the weight of approximately 300 g until the second
test. The test measures mainly the volume change measurement. Carry out the second
caused by segregation or expansion. measurement 24 h after the filling of the cans.
The grout used in this test may have been used for the In the second measurement, measure the distance
bleeding test (see 3.3). between the firm surface of the grout and the top
edge of the can at the same places with the same
3.4.2 Cylinder method
means as for the first measurement.
3.4.2.1 Apparatus b) Measurement with the stop plate on the grout
A transparent cylinder, 50 mm in diameter and 200 mm Immediately after filling the cans, put the stop plate
in height. (figure 4) on the fresh grout and measure with the
3.4.2.2 Procedure depth gauge the distance between this plate and the
top edge of the can in at least six places (first
Place the cylinder on a surface free from shocks or measurement). Then seal the cans. Carry out the
vibration. Fill it with the grout to a height h. 24 h after second measurement 24 h after the filling of the
filling the cylinder measure the height (h2) of the grout cans. In the second measurement, measure the
in the cylinder. distance between the stop plate and the top edge of
3.4.2.3 Reporting of results the can at the same six places as for the first
The volume change at the end of 24 h is given by measurement.
h2 2 h 3.4.3.3 Reporting of results
3 100 %
h The difference of the average values between the first
where: and second measurement(s) in mm corresponds
at 100 mm grout level to the volume change in percent
h is the initial height in mm of grout (see 3.4) and is reported as the percentage change in volume.
h2 is the height of grout in mm after 24 h. Report the percentage change in volume as the average
of the three containers to the nearest 0,1 %. Report
3.4.3 Can method increase of volume as (+) and decrease as (2).
3.4.3.1 Apparatus 3.5 Compression strength test
a) Three metal cans, 120 mm high and
approximately 100 mm in diameter, with lids capable 3.5.1 Prisms
of preventing the loss of moisture. 3.5.1.1 Principle of the test
b) Measuring rod or sliding calipers. The compression strength of grout in this test (which
c) Plates: is an adaptation to grouts of the mechanical tests
stop plate, for placing on the can with a diameter described in EN 196-1) is determined on the broken
of 120 mm (see figure 3); halves of prisms.

BSI 1997
 Page 7
EN 445 : 1996

3.5.1.2 Apparatus Dimensions in mm

a) Mixer for grout, in accordance with the
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requirements of EN 447.
b) Ventilated drying cupboard, with a temperature
of (20 1) C and a relative humidity of (95 5) %.
c) Test machines, and the devices in accordance
with 4.7 and 4.8 of EN 196-1.
d) Metal moulds, in accordance with 4.5 of
EN 196-1.
e) Metal straight edge, in accordance with figure 3 of
EN 196-1.

Dimensions in mm

a) Container

b) Plate
a) Container
Figure 4. Plate on the grout

3.5.1.3 Procedure
3.5.1.3.1 Moulding of the test specimens
The moulds and accessories shall be prepared and the
specimens made in accordance with EN 196-1, with the
exception noted as follows.
Each mould shall be filled with the prepared grout. As
an exception to the procedure in EN 196-1 (and
because of the liquidity of grouts) the test specimens
shall not be subjected to any vibration or shock.
Immediately strike off the excess grout with the metal
straight edge held almost vertically and moved slowly,
b) Plate
with a transverse sawing motion once in each
Figure 3. Plate on the can direction. Smooth the surface of the specimens using
the same straight edge held almost flat. Then cover the
specimens with a glass plate.
Label or mark moulds to identify the specimens.

BSI 1997
 Page 8
EN 445 : 1996

3.5.1.3.2 Curing of test specimens

Cure test specimens in accordance with EN 196-1, until
they are tested.
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3.5.1.3.3 Compression test

The compression test shall be carried out in
accordance with EN 196-1. The compression strength
shall be measured on six test specimens from three
prisms broken in flexure.
3.5.1.4 Reporting of results
The report shall provide all the results of the
compression tests, in MPa.
The value obtained for each test shall be the mean of
the individual results.
3.5.2 Cylinders
3.5.2.1 Principle
The compressive strength of grout in this test is
determined on the three cylinders used in the volume
change test given in 3.4.3.
3.5.2.2 Apparatus
a) The cans, as described in 3.4.3.1.
b) A compression test machine, as described in
ISO 4012.
c) Equipment, for sawing and grinding test
specimens.
3.5.2.3 Procedure
After measuring the volume change, store the three
cylinders in water at (20 1) C until they are to be
prepared for test. Immediately prior to test, carefully
demould the specimens.
Prepare each specimen for test by sawing through the
cylinder near the upper surface and then grinding both
circular surfaces of the cylinder until the disc to be
loaded in the test has a thickness of 80 mm.
Then test each specimen in accordance with
ISO 4012 until the maximum load (Fc) is reached.
3.5.2.4 Reporting of results
Calculate the compressive strength Rc in N/mm2 from
F
Rc = c
A
where

Fc is the failure load in N

A is the cross-sectional area in mm2

and shall be measured on three specimens, the mean

value of which shall be reported as the compressive
strength. The report shall provide all the test results.

BSI 1997
 Issue 2, December 1997 Page 9
BS EN 445 : 1997

National annex NA (informative)

Cone for fluidity test
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152 3

280 10
60 3

10 0,1

| 1. Sieving medium

Figure NA1. Cone for fluidity test

BSI 1997
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10
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BSI 1997
See national foreword.
List of references
BS EN 445 : 1997
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| stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic,
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| photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI.
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| This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of
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| necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
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| details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
| written permission of BSI must be obtained.
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| If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing
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| agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager.
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| Tel: 020 8996 7070.
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BSI |
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389 Chiswick High Road |
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London |
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W4 4AL |
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