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  • History of Porcelain Figurines

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    dianabalea
    89 visualizações2 páginas
    The production of porcelain figurines began in 1709 with the invention of hard porcelain in Meissen, Germany. Over the next centuries, the production of figurines spread across Europe as factories opened and secret formulas were shared. By the late 18th century, thousands of porcelain factories were mass producing figurines of varying artistic quality. In the late 19th century, notable artists began designing figurines, elevating them to an art form. While many factories have since ceased figurine production, some continue to produce both artistic and mass-produced figurines.

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    history of figurines from porcelain

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    The production of porcelain figurines began in 1709 with the invention of hard porcelain in Meissen, Germany. Over the next centuries, the production of figurines spread across Europe as factories opened and secret formulas were shared. By the late 18th century, thousands of porcelain factories were mass producing figurines of varying artistic quality. In the late 19th century, notable artists began designing figurines, elevating them to an art form. While many factories have since ceased figurine production, some continue to produce both artistic and mass-produced figurines.

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    89 visualizações2 páginas

    History of Porcelain Figurines

    Enviado por

    dianabalea
    The production of porcelain figurines began in 1709 with the invention of hard porcelain in Meissen, Germany. Over the next centuries, the production of figurines spread across Europe as factories opened and secret formulas were shared. By the late 18th century, thousands of porcelain factories were mass producing figurines of varying artistic quality. In the late 19th century, notable artists began designing figurines, elevating them to an art form. While many factories have since ceased figurine production, some continue to produce both artistic and mass-produced figurines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 2

    Abriefstoryaboutporcelainfigurines

    1709 AllstartswiththeinventionofhardporcelaininMeissen,Germany.

    AugusttheStrong,ElectorofSachsen,orderedtheMeissenfactorytomakelifesized
    1720
    animalsforhis"JapanischePalais".Sculptorswereengagedtomakemodels.

    TheyoungsculptorJJKndlerattheMeissenfactoryworkswithplasticdecorations
    fordinnerservices,comprisingamongotherthingsaseriesofHarlequinsfromthe
    1735
    ItalianComedy.Thisinitiatedthefashionwith"Kleinplastik"forthegalabanquet
    tablesattheEuropeancourts.

    Figurinesbecomethehighestfashionforgalabanquettabledecorationsatall
    1740 Europeancourtsandresidentialmansions.AtMeissenproductionoffigurines
    1770 becomesthemostimportantactivity.Thefigurinesareextremelyexpensiveandthe
    manufacturingprocessesarevigorouslyguarded.

    Throughwarsandindustrialespionagethesecretofporcelainmakingisspreadall
    1750 overEurope.MajorEuropeancourtsstarttheirownporcelainfactories.Famous
    1780 sculptorsareengagedinthedesignoffigurines.Morethan30newfactoriesproduce
    figurinesattheendofthisperiod.

    Theproductiontechniquesaregraduallyperfected.Morethan1000porcelainfactories
    arefoundedinEuropeduringthisperiod.Millionsoffigurineswithouthighartistic
    valueareproduced.Themiddleclassescannowmoreandmoreaffordfigurines.
    However,fromanartisticviewpoint,verylittlenewisaddeduntilcirca1890.
    1780
    1900 Inharmonywiththefashionofthedaysmanyfactoriesstartmakingsmallbisquit
    copiesofancientandcontemporarymarbelstatues.Attheendoftheperiodsomeof
    theoldestfactoriesaremakingreproductionsoftheirown1800centurymodels.These
    figurinescaryinmostcasesnewmarkstoavoidconfusionwithantiqueandvaluable
    pieces

    Herecomesthegoldendaysforfakesandforgeries.Manysmallfactoriesaremaking
    figurineswithfalsemarksfromoldprestigefactorieslikeMeissen,Svres,Hchst
    andLudwigsburg.Thesefigurines,mostlyinbarockandrokokostyle,arestill
    1850 circulatingontheantiquemarkets.
    1930
    Massproductionmethodsareinvented.Cheap,plainaswellasfinefigurinesare
    invadingallkindsofhomesallovertheworld.Figurineshavebecomeimportant
    interiordecorationelementsaswellascollectables

    WiththeJugendstylecamearenewingforfigurines.RoyalCopenhagenbecome
    worldfamous.Manyskilledartistsbeguntoworkwithporcelainfactoriesandmade
    smallsculpturestobecastedinporcelain.QualityfigurinesarenowregardedasArt.

    SeveralporcelainfactorieslaunchedArtDepartmentswherefamoussculptorswere
    1890 engaged.Manyofthosecamefrom"SchwarzburgerWerkstttenfrPorzellankunst"
    1920 inUnterweissbach,Germany,foundedin1909byMaxAdolfPfeiffer,laterartistic
    leaderattheMeissenfactory.

    FactoriesinEnglandlikeBeswick,Doulton,Coalport,Wedgwood,Derby,Minton,
    Copeland,Worcesterfollowsthepatternfromthemainland,butstartalsotoproduce
    familiesoffigurines,whichlaterbecamecollectables.

    TheJugendstilemovedslowlyintowhatlatergotthenameArtDeco.Thisstyleis
    alsoverywellsuitedforporcelainfigurinesandallmajorfactoriesparticipatedwith
    newmodelsinthisstyle.
    1910
    QualityfigurinesareproducedatseveraloldplantslikeMeissen,Svres,Royal
    1940 Copenhagen,Berlin,NymphenburgaswellasatsomeEnglishandnewmainland
    plantslikeRosenthal,WienAugarten(Austria),Herend(inHungary),Doccia(Italy).
    Inparallellwiththisareagreatnumberavsmallerplantsproducingfigurinesof
    varyingquality.Theoutputiscomprehensive.

    Fromanartisticviewpointverylittlerealnewhasarrivedduringthisperiod.Most
    companiesarejustmakingnewpullsfromtheiroldmoulds.Manyporcelainfactories
    ceasetheirfigurineproduction.Itrequirestomuchworkmanshipwithtimeconsuming
    manualcontents.Ithasbecometooexpensive.
    1940
    2000 However,anewplayerarrivesonthefigurinearena,LladrinSpain.Theyproduce
    mainlyunderglazedecoratedporcelainfigurines.Sincethestart1951theyhave
    designedthousandsofnewmodels.Mostoftheirproductionconsistsofquitplain
    models,buttheyhavealsocreatedanumberofrealqualityfigurines.Normallythey
    donotdisclosethenamesoftheirartists,buttheyprotectthemodelsbycopyright.

    Duetohighlaborcostsandlackofskilledpersonnel,manyoldporcelaincompanies
    areminimizingtheirqualityfigurineprograms.However,unsofisticated,
    massproducedfigurines,withoutrealartisticambitionsarestillinproductionat
    1980 severalsites.Qualityfigurinesareonlyproducedatsomefewfactoriesandthe
    productionlevelislow.

    Regeneratedfigurineprogramsseemsnowtobelaunchedatsomefactories,egat
    HerendinHungaryandatHutschenreuterinGermany.Thestyleissortoffuturistic.

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