ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.

SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET

.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

computer data .
process output . (instructions) ,
.
(1) :
input :
numbers, characters fact , input .
data . process .
1.2 process :
input ,
. searching, sorting .
1.3 output :
process result output . information .
meaning .

:
: (speed)
. .
(accuracy) :
.
100% .
(versatile) :

software (program) . accounting, designing, animations .
.
(storage capacity) :
,
.
2.5 (concerntration) :
, ,
, .
2.6 (choice of configuration) :
program .
home use printer scanner .
2.7 (rellable) :
. .
.

/ :

.
.
, .
.
.
(business applications), .
: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 1
 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

. , video, audio, animations .

internet e-mail communication .
, surgery , .
banking . net banking, ATM, credit card debit card .
, .
internet - .

computer generation ,
.

Generation speed Application

1940
, 333 - Scientific ENJAC, UNIVAC I
to Application EWVAC UMIVAC II
1956 . . - MARK-I, MARK-II,
. IBM

- .
1956 10 - Business IBM 1404, IBM-
to 1000
- . engineering
1963 UNIVAC III
1964 100 -Silicon chip (IC) size IBM-360, IBM-370
to BARROGH-5700-6700
1971 (IC) . 7700
- , online

1971 Large scale 390 -LSI size ( IBM PC series
to integration Apple series
1984 (LSI) ) . , real time Intel 4004
control
1985 Very large Artificial ---
scale --- . Intelligence
integration (AI), speech
(VLSI), Recognization
. System

:
, , , , .
processing capability computer, mini computer, main frame computer super computer
.
5.1 analog computer :
1936 analog computer . .
.
5.2 digital computer :
digital signals . (binary language)
0 1 . 0 off 1 on . Digital computer .
super computer :
, .
main frame computer : size . ,
, airpot .
mini computer : computer computer school, governemetn
offices,banking, financial institutes store process analises .
: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 2
 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

micro computer : micro computer personal computer (PC) laptop

. Micro computer CPU processor . size . laptop
. laptop monitor (flat) , liquid
crystal display (LCD) technology . . .

(2) :
5 unit . input unit, output unit, control unit, memory unit arithmetic & logic unit (A.L.U)
.
, process result unit
.
Input unit : user input device input unit . Input unit data
language (decimal) computer language (binary) convert processing C.P.U. .
C.P.U. : central processing unit . functions CPU control unit
. process flow (input process output) . C.P.U. memory store
pogram use (execution) . C.P.U. IC , micro processor
. arithmetic logical process porform . , C.P.U. 3 .
(1) memory unit (2) control unit, (3) A.L.U.
OUTPUT UNIT : C.P.U. process output unit . computer language (binary) .
output unit language (decimal) convert output device , monitor
.
(3) :

: (1)Hardware, (2) software

(1) Hardware :
, . Key board, monitor,
hard disc . Hardware 3 . (1) input device (2) output device (3) storage device
(2) Software :
program .
3 . (1) application software (2) system software (3) utility software

input device
divice data input device , .

(1) Key board :

Key board standared input device . 4 keys .
(i) A Z (iii) +, -, $, #,
(ii) 0 9 (iv) F1 f2 .
Key board 101, 104 110 key .

(2) Mouse :
Mouse GUI (graphical user interface) . option
. point & draw device .
move screen . ,
scroll button . . ,
wireless .

(3) Scanner :
Scanner (hard copy) form (soft copy) .
photography, scanner .

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 3

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

Scanner :
(a) Handheld scanner :
scanner size . paper
image scan .

(b) Flat bed scanner :

scanner sixe . Scan image .
.

(c) Drum scaner :

scanner fax machine . mediam size scanner .

(d) Optical scanner :

optical scanner . .

(i) Optical mark reader / recognizer (OMR): scanner (compelitive exam)

.
.

(ii) Optical character reader / recognizer (OCR) : scanner handwritten type printed data
code , . sales receipt, printed records
data entry text speech machie translation artificial intelligence .
(iii) Bar code reader (BCR): scanner product book print bar code scan
. Bar code reader inventory management library management .
(iv) Magnetic ink charater reader (MICR) : scanner banking industry .
magnetic ink code scan , .

(4) Joy stick :

Joy stick video games . game joy stick . game
object movement . buttions . Video games flight simulation robotics
.

(5) Track ball :

Track ball pointing device . , .
. track ball . laptop
(surface) track ball .

(6) Touch screen :

visual display unit (VDU) monitor screen . sceen
option . , free hand design touch screen .

(7) Light pen :

Light pen light gun selector pen . computer screen , pen point ()
. light capture user option point select
. position touch screen .

(8) Digitizer :
input device paper design
. picture map X Y store .

(9) Mircrophone (mike) :

device . voice recognition speech recognition device
. microphone input data .

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 4

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

output device :

device output device . :

(1) Visual display unit / monitor :

Monitor basic output device . computer . television . characters
picture . 4 .

(i) Black & white (monocrome) : monitor CUI(character base user inferface)
application .

(ii) Colour monitor : cathode ray tube (CRT) . RGB (red, green, blue) colours
256 colour shades . GUI (graphical user interface) application .

(iii) L.C.D. : liquid crystal display laptop . monitor LCD

. display quality high . .

(iv) L.E.D. : light emitting diod . LCD LED technology monitor .

, output .
Pixel : screen dot point.
Dump teminal : computer monitor computer (processing
) dumb terminal .
Intelligent terminal : computer keyboard, V.D.U. C.P.U., memory control program intelligent
terminal .

(2) Printer :
computer device printer . computer (soft
copy) (hard copy) .

:
. , ,
. :
(i) : (pins) (niddles) , (ribbon) .
(dots) . ,
. (character) . . ,
.

(ii) .
: .
. fonts . graphics .
, .

(iii) : chain . character set

. , . .

- :
.
. , . :

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 5

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

(i) : () . . (nozzles)
ink character .
. . .
.
(ii) : . , .
. , . high graphics
. page .
DPI (dots per inch) LPI (link per inch) , C.P.S. (chracter per second)
.

(3) Plotter :
, . CAD CAM (computer aided
designing computer aided machining) , engineering design , paln, plan .

(4) Projector :
output screen , . presentation movie
movie hall .

(5) :
output device sound (audio video) .
Input / output device :
Digital camera :
photo video capture memory card .
Web camera :
web video internet video capture .
/ :
. (1) (2) . ,
.
(a) Primary memory :

, store . main memory internal memory . 2
(1) RAM (random access memory) (2) ROM (read only memory)

(1) RAM : ram memory write . , ,

(execute) , switch off ram
, volatile memory . ram (random) -
. .

(i) Static RAM : ram , write .

.
(ii) Dynamic RAM : ram temprary RAM . access time
megabytes . RAM .

(2) ROM : manufacture ROM ,

. , read only memory . rom
BIOS (basic input output sub routines), POST (power on self test) .
(boot) . firmware .
delete non-volatle .
(i) PROM (programming read only memory) : rom add delete .

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 6

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

(ii) EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory) : ROM add

erase :
EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM) erase electric
.
UV EPROM (ultra violet erasable programmable ROM) : ROM erase ultra violet
erase .

(B) secondary memory :

.
. (back up) , delete
. , (non volatile) .
. . Magnetic disk magnetic tape.
Magnetic disc - , DASD (direct access storage device)
, magnetic tape - (sequence) . .

(1) Hard disc :

Hard disc disc , disc . disc
read / write head . .
. .
10 MB 1 TB .

(2) CD :
CD optical . : .
, . CD ROM (compact disc read only memory) .
. CD games, movies, book , SIZE .
650 MB . :
(i) CD ROM : . .
(ii) WORM : (write one read many) disc
, manufacture company . : . .
(iii) CD RW : re-writable CD . CD .
erase .

(3) DVD :
. CD ,
. CD 13 . 4.7 GB .

(4) Floppy disc :

flexible physical property . magnetic disc .
. device .
(FDD) . read / write head . size
.
(1) 5.25 inch (2) 3.5 inch ( 1.44 MB .)

(5) Blu-ray disc :

disc audio, video data . optical disc BD
. data store . .
(1) Single layer blu-ray disc : (capacity 25 GB)
(2) Double layer blu-ray disc : (capacity 50 GB)

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 7

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

(6) Pen drive :

Pen drive . Pen drive .
, . USB (universal serial bus)
.
disc circle track .
track , sector . 512 bytes .

:
. . CD
, . ,
. 3 :
(1) system software (2) application software (3) utility software

system software :

(1) Computer system oprations system software

. : (1)operating system (2) language translation

(1) operating system :

operate , control operating system
. .. dos, windows, unix, mac :
(i) DOS : dos disc operating system , operating system , CUI (character base
user interface) operating system . user . commands :
(ii) Windows operating system : 1983 windows operating system . operating
system operating system . GUI (graphical user interface) . screen
window . . (multitasking) user
. (multiuser) version , windows 95, windows 98, windows NT, windows 2000, windows
xp, windows vista, windows 2007.
(iii) Unix : unix (multiuser) operating system
1960 . Unix operating systemn , . Unix
C . multitasking .
(iv) Linux : linux GUI, multiuser multitask operating system . intel processor . opera
source operating system . freely available . windows operating system .

(2)language translation :
software . languages
. :
(1) Compiler
(2) Interpreter
(3) Assembler

application software :

Application software user . problem solve

. application package . application software user
. .
(1) :
text related . letter resume . Notepad, wordpad MS word
.

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 8

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

(2) :
, pay slip . tools/ functions
available . MS excel .
(3) :

. MS access, oracle, SQL server .
(4) :
. product
/ . MS power point, flash . .
(5) :
DTP software (desktop publishing) . desigining advertising . Page maker, corel draw,
photoshop DPT software .
(6) :
, , . Tally
.
(7) :
Internet . Internet explorer,
google crome, opera .
(8) :
, movie games software
. Window media player, winamp, games .

utility software :

Operating system ser , tools . tools/

utility software user . Utility software :
(1) Format
(2) Back-up
(3) Data compression
(4) Antivirus

(1) Format :
disc / format ,
disc data delete format utility .
(2) Back-up :
damage . important
external device copy back-up utility .
(3) Data compression :
file normal size size , save ,
data compression . data transfer ,
.
(4) Antivirus :
virus , virus delete antivirus utility/program .
scan repair / delete .
:
File naming : file save . file . .
(dot/period) .
File name .extention software / , . file extensions ,
.

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 9

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

Software Extension
MS word .doc
MS excel .xls
MS POWERPOINT .ppt
MS access .mdb
Notepad .txt
Image file .jpg, .jpeg, .gift
Sound file .mp3, .mp4. / waw

Internet ?
Internet size network . inter connected network .
Network ?
structure network . computer
. .
INTERNET :
E-mail Online
Chatting Video conference .
Shareware, freeware software software
group discussion
Sound, animation picture files .
Data upload download downloading internet
. uploading internet user
e-mail uploading .

NETWORK :
(1) Local area network (LAN) :
. LAN km
. 20 24 , .
(2) Metropolitan area network (MAN):
.
(3) Wide area network (WAN) :
, , .
Intenet WAN .

CONNECTION :
Internet available :
(1) Dial up : , internet
. slow .
(2) Broad-band : .
ADSL(asymmetric digital subscriber line) DSL . dial up .
(3) Dedicated / physical : .
. .
(4) Wireless connection : connection cable wire . signal . wi-fi,
dongle .

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 10

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

web browser :
internet website web-browser ,
internet explorer, netscape navigator, google crome, opera, safari .

Search English :
internet web-site search engine . google,
yahoo, ask.com, alta vista, AOL .

Protocol :
protocol .
TCP / IP : / .
.
HTTP : . .
http://www.yahoo.com
FTP : . - . FTP
, FTP .

www : world wide web . hyper text document (web page) internet
.

URL : universal resource locator uniform resource locator . communication

web-site URL . www.yahoo.com

Web page : HTML . text, picture, voice/ sound video

.

Home page : Web-site address page open home page .

Hyper link : page page .

MODEM : modulation to de-modulation . analog data digital digital data analog

.

Domain name :
Domain name 2 .

area
.in (india) .com (company)
.pk (Pakistan) .gov (government)
.au (Australia) .org (organisation)
.uk (united kigdom) .edu (education)

Ip address :
- / .
. ip address . 4 .
-------------- -------------- ----------------- ------------
4 octet . (period) separate . 8 bit .
ip address 32 bit . octet range 0-255 . 1 byte 256 rulue store .

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 11

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

4 bit = 1 nibble
8 bit/2 nibble = 1 byte
1024 byte = 1 kilo byte = 210 bytes
1024 KB = 1 MEGA BYTE [1024 1024 byte] = 220 bytes
1024 MB = 1 giga byte = 230 bytes
1024 GB = 1 tera byte = 240 bytes
1024 TB = 1 peta byte = 250 bytes
1024PB = 1 exa byte = 260 bytes
1024EB = 1 zetta byte = 270 bytes
1024ZB = 1 yotta byte = 280 bytes

/
, user
copy .
floppy disc, CD, DVD USB drive .
.
Computer warm .
program code / , .
Computer worm ,
. (hidden) . remove .
:
.
.
re-start .
open .
message window display .
Hard disc file save .
hard disc RAM full .

:
Macro virus Worm Creeper virus
Boot sector Trojan horse

:
. remove .
antivirus software , boot sector ( , , CD, DVD, pen drive)
scan . virus signature .
repair . file repair remove remove
quarantine ( ) .

Antivirus software :
Quick heal antivirus Kaspersky antivirus Anti spyware antivirus
Mcafee antivirus Symantec nortan antivirus Trend micro antivirus
Fire wall : fire wall software hardware based communication unauthorized access
use .
Spyware : malicious users copy .
Malware : malware , worms, Trojan horse, rootkits, spyware .
Spam : bulk , spam mail, junk mail .

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 12

 ANGEL ACADEMY : GPSC 1-2, Dy.SO - , , , PSI-ASI, , TAT, TET
.7575 072 872 :1) , :7-C, -3, 2) , : 29, -6 , angelacademy.co.in

C, C++, java, cobol, basic, perl, Pascal, Algol, SNOBOL, FORTH, PROLOG, fortran, lips, language .
/
- 1 -1937
-1 1979
,
.
10 Feb. 1996 .
2 .
.


O.S Operating System V.D.U Visual Display Unit
D.O.S Disk Operating System E.D.P Electronic Data processing
C.P.U Central processing unit U.S.B Universal serial Bus

: (GPSC 1-2(p) , Dy.SO- (p), , , , TAT, TET 10 ) 13