Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Maurice Dusseault
MBDCI
Compressional Conditions
Laramide
Laramide Orogeny
Orogeny
Anticline
Anticline (USA)
(USA)
Thrust and Fold Belt
Appalachians
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
MBDCI
Thrust Faults
Near mountain
fronts, such as the
Andes foreland
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
MBDCI
Active subduction
margins on the west
coast of Chile
Thrust (compressional)
dominated basins near San Jorge
Basin
St
Newfoundland
La
wr
en
Slope edge
ecc
an
a
oti
yo
S c
n
va
No
lf
Listric faulting
she
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Abyssal plain
MBDCI
v
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
slip planes
h
Region of
very
Gas low
Pull Down
horizontal
stress
(extensional
strain)
Mid-Miocene regional pressure boundary
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Top Balder
Top Chalk
Intra Hod/Salt
MBDCI
A region of
crustal extension,
called the Basin
and Range
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
MBDCI
Colombia Tectonics
Pa
na
m Venezuela
a
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
COLOMBIA
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
http://geology.about.com/library/bl/maps/blcolombiamap.htm http://geology.com/world/colombia-satellite-image.shtml
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Cusiana
Stresses at Cusiana
, shear stress
MC failure line
max = c + n tan
c
Tectonics
See The Quest for Stability in the Cusiana
Field (Addis et al., Oilfield Review, 1993)
See the World Stress Project data base
Look at the tectonics: compression is worst
However, extremely low hmin also a problem
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Borehole Breakouts
Borehole failure,
Nevada Test Site
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Well A
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
core
core
Drill core
Drill core
Drill
Drill Tensile
stress
Tensile stress zones
Tensile zones
Tensile stress zone
stress
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
zone
Compressive stresses
in the rock mass
A = Low axial stress
B = High axial stress B.Watson, CSIR - SA
MBDCI
Disking of Core
Intense disking is
evidence of high in situ
stress, implying that
there may be reservoir
management problems
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
MBDCI
The v value is
~hmin, but
HMAX is huge!
The effective Courtesy M. Zoback
stress ratio is
about 3 to 3.4.
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Pore pressure is
~hydrostatic.
MBDCI
Borehole wall
Top view
Side view
MBDCI
If rock shrinks (-V), the stresses are shed from the region: if
rock expands, the opposite is true, stresses are attracted
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
shear stress
Y
Mohr-Coulomb plot This example is for
a normal fault case,
assuming v constant
after p
before p, initial
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
n
h]a h]b v]a v]b
a & b stand for after and before p
MBDCI
hmin = 3
drop in lateral stress
through production
production
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
n = n - p
Normal fault plane
MBDCI
Case Study
Enhanced Flow due to Triggered
Microseismicity, Japan
(Near-Well Scale)
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
General Structure:
m N-S trending horst
complex
15k
Depth Range:
4,000m 5,000m
Reservoir Rocks:
Cretaceous granite,
Eocene conglomerate
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Reservoir Type:
Fractured reservoir
10km
Pump Rate
Bottom Pc
Hole
Pressure
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Numa4
Numa1
W.Numa
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Numa3
MBDCI
B o t t o m H o le P r e s s u r e
70
(M P a)
60
M e as u r e d
S im u lat e d
50
0 24 48 72 96 120 144
Elap s e d T im e f r o m 2 0 0 5 / 5 / 1 2 1 4 :1 0 :0 0 , h o u r
Observation
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Initial
Prediction
MBDCI
36
MBDCI
Microseismicity is
Pressure associated with an
Matching injectivity increase of
8X
Observation
6-E High Tectonic Stresses
Modified
Simulation
37