SMART ENERGY METER

SMART ENERGY METER

Introduction

The present system of energy billing in India is error prone and also time and
labor consuming. Errors get introduced at every stage of energy billing like
errors with electro-mechanical meters, human errors while noting down the
meter reading and error while sometime didnt get also . The remedy for this

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drawback is smart energy meter

The main objective of the project is to develop a wireless energy meter. The
arduino takes the pulse from the energy meter, calculate units and displays the
reading on the LCD. The reading is store in builtin EEPROM so at the power
failure it continues the calculating reading. The reading of the energy meter is
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also sent to the cell phone of the user by a message through GSM modem. In
this project we also use relay and relay drive so that if arduino fails or stop
working , it automatically discontinued power supply to user and we get the
information about it.

This project is powered by external power supply takes the ac power and
converts it into dc power that is fed to arduino and gsm modem.
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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

Arduino 1.6.8

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

ARDUINO MEGA2560
GSM MODEM
LCD DISPLAY
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SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER
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RELAY
RELAY DRIVER
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SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER

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FIG 1: SINGLE PHASE ENERGY METER

An electricity meter, electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount
of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device.
Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises to measure electric
energy delivered to their customers for billing purposes. They are typically calibrated in
billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour [kWh]. They are usually read
once each billing period.

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Arduino 2560

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The Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs
(hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
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simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started.
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FIG 3:TECHNICAL SPECS

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LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)

FIG 4:LCD
Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2
displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2
lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip
which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with
the LCD.

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If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines

(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)

The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW

EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
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RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)

(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )

R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)

(When RW is low (1), the data reading to the LCD)

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FIG 5: LCD CONNECTION

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GSM MODULE

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FIG 6: GSM MODULE

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and
operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.

From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile
phone.
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When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use
the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.

While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet
connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS
messages.

In project gsm is used to send reading and receive command for relay to control
energy meter.

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RELAY

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FIG 7:RELAY

Relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such
as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled
circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays
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were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers

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Component List and Cost

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FIG 8 :Component List
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3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

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FIG 9 : GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Here we have interfaced electricity energy meter with Arduino using the pulse LED
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(Calibration or Cal) of electricity Energy meter. We only need to connect tis CAL
LED to Arduino.
When we power up the system then it reads previous values of rupees stored in
EEPROM and restores .Then Arduino turns On the electricity of home or office by
using relay. And Arduino sends a SMS to user phone at the end of the month and
requesting to pay the bill. If user did not pay the bill provider can cut off the electricity
connection of home by sending a SMS 'Light Cut' to user's GSM module for Light
Cut and requesting to pay bill soon. As Light cut message received aurduino
disconnect the power supply to home or office. GSM module has been used to send
and receive messages.

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Circuit diagram

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FIG 10: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Description of circuit diagram:-

Circuit connections for this smart energy meter project, are shown in the diagram.we
have used a Arduino Mega 2560 for processing all the things used in project. A liquid crystal
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display is used for displaying the status of Units and pulse. Data pins of LCD namely RS,
EN, D4, D5, D6, D7 are connected to Arduino digital pin number 8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 7. And Rx and
Tx pins of GSM module are directly connected to the Tx and Rx pins of Arduino
respectively. And GSM module is powered by using a 12 volt adaptor. A relay is used
for switching electricity connection which is connected at pin 31 of Arduino though
ULN2003 relay driver. Take ground of GSM module ,LCD and Aurduino 2560.
Connections:
Arduino RX pin is connected to GSM TX pin and Arduino TX pin is connected to the
GSM RX pin . GND pin of arduinois connected to the GND of GSM module is connected.
Pulse pin from energy meter is connected to the arduino pin 2. GND wire of pulse led is
connected to the GND in arduino. Load is connected across the output side of meter. Pin
no. 2 & 15 connected to the +5v from arduino.Pin 1,3,5,16 of lcd is connected to the ground.

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4. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

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FIG: 11
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FIG:12

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5. Design for use ,Reuse and Sustainability

It is use to get the reading in the end of the month.

It is more reliable and accurate then human .
It will work upto 15 years.

Resue

Arduino mega 2560 contains 54 digital input/output pin.

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Arduino mega 2560 contain 5 Rx and Tx pin.
we can add more feature later in project and reprogram again.
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6.. Result & Discussion

We have successful in taking the pulse and calculate the units .we face many
difficulties while interfacing the gsm modem but finally we also successful in
sending the units at given interval using GSM module and arduino.
Still we are not able in decoding received message to cutoff the power supply
and control over load .we tried your best but we are not successful.

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We also faced difficulties while coding arduino.Hence we have test your
project and it is working properly.
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6. Conclusion

A complete working prototype of this system is being done to demonstrate an automatic power meter
reading using the GSM network. The system takes the advantage of the existing GSM infrastructure
that have virtually full coverage of all housing and building area across the country which lead to low
infrastructure implementations cost, simple and easy installation of GSM power meter at consumer
site as GSM. Power meter is no different from existing analogue or digital meter installation .The
system is effective reliable and efficient wireless automatic power meter reading with automatic load
control. Thus it reduces the operation cost and human operator meter reading, making the system error
free with the help of the GSM modem, the only drawback with the system is that it way sometimes

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leads to slow delivery of message to the distribution side GSM modem.
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PHOTO OF PROJECT

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FIG 18: CAL WIRE CONNECTION
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FIG: 19

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FIG 20
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FIG 21

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Youtube Video link

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRURMi2bsU0

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References

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1. Arduino cookbook 2 Edition by Michael Margolis
2. http://www.engineersgarage.com/forums/projects/realtime-energy-meter-reading-
using-gsm
3. http://www.circuitstoday.com/interface-gsm-module-with-arduino
4. http://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2014/06/send-sms-with-arduino-uno-and-
sim900d-using-at-commands.html

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