ASSIGNMENT

Decision Making
Process

submitted to
Sir.Asif Ayaz
prepared by
Haleema Sadia
 Introduction:

Decision making can be regarded as the

mental processes resulting in the selection of
a course of action among several alternatives.
Every decision making process produces a
final choice. The output can be an action or
an opinion of choice.

Decision Making Process:

In general: Decision making is the process of

making a choice between a numbers of options
and committing to a future course of actions
OR
A choice between two or more than two
alternatives is called decision

Problem Analysis vs. Decision Making:

It is important to differentiate between problem

analysis and decision making. The concepts are
completely separate from one another. Problem
analysis must be done first, and then the
information gathered in that process may be used
towards decision making.

Decision making Steps:

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 There are eight steps of decision making:

1. Identification of problem
2. Identification of decision Criteria
3. Allocating weight to criteria
4. Develop alternatives
5. Analysis of Alternatives
6. Selection of alternatives
7. Implementation of the best alternatives
8. Evaluation of decision effectiveness

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Implem Allocati
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 Problem The decision-making process begins when a manager
identifies the real problem. The accurate definition of the problem
affects all the steps that follow; if the problem is inaccurately
defined, every step in the decision-making process will be based
on an incorrect starting point. One way that MANAGER can help
determines the true problem in a situation is by identifying the
problem separately from its symptoms. The most obviously
troubling situations found in an organization can usually be
identified as symptoms of underlying problems.

Step 1:
Identification of a Problem a problem is defined as a discrepancy
between an existing and a desired state of affairs. Some cautions
about problem identification include the following:
Make sure its a problem and not just a symptom of a problem.
Problem identification is subjective.
Managers arent likely to characterize a discrepancy as a problem if
they perceive that they dont have the authority, information, or
other resources needed to act on it.
So the problem we are identifying is:
To get a job in School with maximum salary and benefits

Step 2:
Identification of Decision Criteria Decision criteria are factors that are
important (relevant) to resolving the problem: So the factors which are
relevant in solving our problems are:
Salary
Opportunity to progress
Job Environment
Incentives
Facilities
Job securities
Locati0n
Timings

Step 3:
ALLOCATION OF WEIGHTS TO CRITERIASTEP 3 IS ALLOCATING
WEIGHTS TO THE CRITERIA. THE CRITERIA IDENTIFIED INSTEP 2 OF
THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS ARENT ALL EQUALLY

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IMPORTANT,SO THE DECISION MAKER MUST WEIGHT THE ITEMS IN
ORDER TO GIVE THEMCORRECT PRIORITY IN THE DECISION.

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 Criterion Weights
CRITERION WEIGHTS
SALARY 10
OPPUTUNITY TO PROGRESS 09
JOB ENVIRONMENT 08
INCENTIVES 08
JOB SECURITEIES 07
LOCATION 06
TIMINGS 06

Step 4:
DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVESIDENTIFYING VIABLE ALTERNATIVES ARE
LISTED (WITHOUT EVALUATION) THAT CAN RESOLVE THE PROBLEMNAME
OF SCHOOLS

1) UNIQUE GRAMMAR SCHOOL

2) DAWN ACADEMY

3) IBA COMMUNITY COLLEGE

4) THE EDUCATORS

Step 5:
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES APPRAISING EACH ALTERNATIVES
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES EVALUATION USING DECISION CRITERIA
AND EVALUATION AGAINST WEIGHTED CRITERIA

Assessed Values Using Decision

Criteria

Names Sala Opportun Job Incenti Job Locati Timin

ry ity to Environm ves securit 0n gs.
progress ent ies

UNIQUE 8 9 6 7 10 7 8
Gramma
r School
Dawn 7 7 10 5 9 5 8
Academ
y
IBA 9 6 8 9 5 9 8
Commu
nity
College

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 The 9 8 10 7 8 7 8
Educato
rs

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 Step 6:
Selection of alternatives: Choosing the best alternative, the alternative
with the highest total weight is chosen.

Evaluation against Weighted

Criteria

Names Salar Opportu Job Incenti Job Locat Timin Tot

y nity to Environ ves securi ion gs. al
progress ment ties

UNIQUE 80 81 48 56 70 42 48 425
Grammar
School
Dawn 70 70 80 72 35 54 48 429
Academy
IBA 90 54 80 72 35 54 48 433
Community
College
The Educators 90 72 80 56 56 42 48 444

Step 7:

Implementing the
decision

Put the chosen alternative into action, after choosing the best
alternative decision in to action by conveying it to those affected and
getting their commitment to it. So we find here The Educators as
the best choice from other options / alternatives and best fit to our
criterion.

Step 8:

Evaluating the Decisions

Effectiveness

The soundness of the decision is judged by its outcomes.

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 How effectively was the problem resolved by outcomes resulting
from the chosen alternatives?
The last step the decision making Process involve evaluating the
outcome or result of the decision to see if the problem is resolve.

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