John T.

Platts

A
DICTIONARY OF
URDU, CLASSICAL
HINDI AND ENGLISH

London
1884

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John T. Platts, A dictionary of Urdu, beginning with a consonant, to signify negation
classical Hindi, and English. London, 1884. or privation: e.g. auddha, 'impure,' 'incorrect.'
1259 pp.
The original edition was issued successively by
two or three publishers. Numerous reprints in
Britain (Oxford: Oxford University Press. 0-19-
864309-8) and in India.
Headwords are given in Arabic, Devanagari
and Latin scripts (sub-headings and phrases in
Latin only); they are in the Arabic alphabetical
order, appropriate to Urdu. A Hindi user will
take a little time to get to know it. A rich
collection from oral and printed sources of the
vocabulary and usage of the nineteenth-century
language and in some ways still the best concise
dictionary today. Etymologies are given in
square brackets.
Some ethnographical information, but no
quotations from literature. Taxonomic names
are supplied for flora and fauna. Additions and
corrections, pp. 1255-9.
As in Greek,a becomes an before a vowel;
e.g. ananta, 'without end,' 'endless.'
H ab, (prob. formed by analogy
after jab, tab, &c. q.v.), adv. Now, presently,
just now, now-a-days, a little while ago,
recently.ab-bh, adv. Even now, yet, as yet,
still.ab-tab, adv. Now and then, presently,
very shortly:ab-tab karna, To put off
continually, to delay; to evade, shuffle:ab-tab
hona, To be in a dying state, to be at the point
of death.ab-tak and ab-talak, adv. Up to the
present time, till now; as yet, hitherto; all this
time.ab-ta`, ab-tor, ab-to, ab-te = ab-
tak, q.v.ab-se, adv. From this time,
henceforth, henceforward, in future, hence:
ab-se dr, Far be it from us! Heaven preserve
us! Avaunt! (The phrase is generally used
especially by womento deprecate the
recurrence of a past misfortune).ab-k, adj.
(f. -k). Of the present; for the present; this, the
present; the next, the following, the coming;

a, the first letter of the Arabic, Persian, and
Urd alphabets. Its pronunciation depends on
the vowel which accompanies it;
e.g. with fata (=)the Devangar = the
English a, as in cedar (or =the
English u in fun); with kasra (=)the
Devangar =the English i, as
in fin; with amma (=)the Devangar =the
English u, as in bull. with fata, followed
by , (i.e. , which is usually written =)the
Devangar =the English , as
in father; with fata, followed by the letter ,
(i.e.=)the Devangar =the
English au (sounded
like ou in house); with fata, followed by the
letter , (i.e. ),=the Devangar =the
English ai, as in aisle.with amma, followed
by the letter , (i.e. ),=1, the
Devangar =the English u, as
in rule (or=the oo in pool), and, 2, =the
Devangar =the English o, as inpole.
with kasra, followed by , (i.e. ), = 1, the
Devangar =the English , as in caprice; and,
2, =the Devangar =the French e, as in fte.
is used, 1 (arithmetically, according to
the Abjad, q.v.) for the number one. 2 (for ,
in Almanacks and Astrology) for Sunday, and
Aries. 3 (for ) as a name of the god
Vishnu. 4 as an inseparable prefix to a word
new, fresh:ab-ke, adv. This time, the next
time:ab-kbr, Idem.ab-lag, ab-lo, ab-
le, ab-le, adv.=ab-tak, q.v.ab-na-tab, adv.
Neither now nor then; neither here (on earth)
nor in the world to come; nowhere; never.ab-
h, adv. Just now, this very moment, instantly,
immediately; already.
A ab (originally ), s.m. Father. (Rare.)
S ib [S. iva], adv. Thus, as, in like
manner.
P b [Old P. w, Pehl. p, Zend ap, S. - ]
s.m. Water; water or lustre (in gems); temper
(of steel, &c.); edge or sharpness (of a sword,
&c.); sparkle, lustre; splendour; elegance;
dignity, honour, character, reputation.b-b
hon, To be drenched with perspiration; to be
thoroughly ashamed or abashed; to blush.b-
utarn, To lose lustre or polish, become dull; to
rade; to lose honour, be disgraced.b-
bigan = b utarn.b-i-brn, s.m. Rain-
water.b-bz, s.f. Play or sport in water;
swimming.b-i-basta, s.m. Ice; glass.b-
psh, s.f. Sprinkling water; watering fields,
&c.; irrigation.b-tb (and b o tb), s.f.
Brightness, brilliance, lustre, splendour;
dignity, grandeur, majesty, glory, pomp:b o
tb den (-ko), To impart lustre (to); to glorify,
praise, honour.b-tba, s.m. An ewer with a
spout, a jug.b-i-jr, s.m. Running water,
stream, rivulet; tears running down the
cheeks.b jn = b utarn, q.v.b-i-io,
s.m. Water of a rivulet.b-jo, s.f. Rivulet,
steamlet.b-josh, s.m. Juice of cooked meat,
broth, soup, gravy.b ahn (-par), To

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cause lustre to come (upon), to give brightness reputation, rank, dignity; grandeur; pride,
(to), to make bright, burnish, polish; to temper credit, ornament, show, appearance:b-r
(steel, &c.); to whet, sharpen (a sword, &c.). utrn (-k), To drag down the character or
b-i-ashm, s.m. Water of the eyes, tears.b- reputation (of), to disgrace, dishonour; to abuse,
ash, s.f. Giving an infant water to drink for vilify; to violate the chastity (of), to debauch; to
the first time (generally when about six months commit an indecent assault (upon):b-r bar-
old) preparatory to weaning.b-i-haram, s.m. bd den (-k), To give one's honour or
Unclean or forbiddea water; wine; hypocritical character to the winds, to sacrifice one's
tears.b-i-asrat, s.m. Water of desire; wish, reputation; to destroy the reputation or character
louging, appetite.b-i-ayt, s.m. Water of (of):b-r bign = b-r utrn, q.v.b-
life; immortality; fountain of life; a fabulous r pn, To obtain rank, dignity, or renown:
fountain (said to be veiled in obscurity); b-r paid karn, Idem:b-r sil karn,
inspired knowledge (=b-i-ir); clear, cold, Idem:b-r k me miln (-k), To lay
sweet water; drinking water used by a king. one's honour in the dust; to destroy the
b-i-aiwn, s.m.=b-i-haiyt, q.v.b-na, character or reputation (of):b-r den, To
s.m. Place where drinking water is kept, pay or do honour (to); to confer rank or dignity
repository of water; reservoir.b-st, s.m. (on), to dignify, ennoble, exalt; to sacrifice or
Melon, cucumber.b-i-ir, s.m. Water of lose one's own honour or character:b-r
life, &c.; inspired knowledge (see b-i-haiyt, rakhn, To preserve one's honour or
and also ir).b-ur and b-urd, s.m. reputation:b-r-rez, s.m. A vilifier,
Drinking; meat and drink (=b-dna and dn- calumniator:b-r-rez, s.f. Slander,
pn), victuals; place of drinking water; fortune, calumny:b-r-k lg hon, To be bent on
lot, destiny.b-ora, s.m. A narrow- ruining one's honour, character, or reputation:
mouthed earthen or metal vessel for holding b-r karn (-k), To pay or do honour (to), to
water (syn. kza); goblet; cup of water:b- treat with respect:b-r ke phe pan (-k)
ora bharn, To offer a libation of cups of = b-r-k lg hon, q.v.b-r len (k)
sherbet or milk.b-dr, s.m. The servant who = b-r utrn, q.v.:b-r me ba lagn,
has charge of the drinking water;adj. To be stained in character or reputation:b-
Polished, bright; of a good water (as gems); r-me farq n or -jn, Idem.b-i-ravn,
well-tempered (as steel, &c.); sharp (as a sword. s.m. Lit. 'Running water'; a very fine kind of
&c.); pure, clean, white:b-dr-na, s.m. muslin.b-rez, s.m. 'Pouring or sprinkling
The place where drinking water is kept.b- water'; a watering-pot; a shower-bath.b-i-
dr, s.f. The office of b-dr; brilliancy (of zar, s.m. Water of gold; white wine.b-i-
gems); lustre, polish; sharpness (of a sword, zull, s.m. Pure, clear, cool water; an
&c.); purity, clearness, whiteness.b- infusion.b-shr, s.m.f. Water-fall,
dna (and o o dna), s.m. Water and grain; cascade.b-shins, s.m. One who takes
meat and drink (=dn-pn), food, victuals; soundings in a ship, lead-man, pilot.b-i-
means of subsistence, livelihood, employment; shor, s.m. Salt water; sea-water; the sea.b-
lot, fortune, destiny.b-dast, s.m. Purificatory shora, s.m. Water cooled with saltpetre; a
washing (such as washing the hands, &c. sherbet made of lime-juice and sugar (generally
preparatory to prayer, or before eating, or after cooled), lemonade.b-i-`ashrat, s.m.
an unclean act); ablution; washing oneself after Wine; semen genitale.b-kr, s.m. A water-
easing nature (this is the common signification carrier; sprinkling (rare); a distiller or seller of
of the word in India); a skilful workman (one spirituous liquors; a drinker of spirituous
whose hands turn out clean and polished liquors.b-kr, s.f. The business of a
work,a rare signification);adj. Having distiller; distillery; liquor-shop, tavern; duty on
clean hands, pure, spotless (rare):b-dast the manufacture and sale of spirituous liquors,
karn, To wash or purify (the hands, &c.); to excise.b-kash, s.m. A drawer of water:b-
wash oneself after easing nature:b-dast len, kash, s.f. The act of drawing or carrying
Idem.b-i-dandn, s.m. Sharpness and polish water.b-i-kausar, s.m. The water of the river
of the teeth; weakness, baseness (rare):b- Kausar, fabled to flow in Paradise with milk
dandn, s.m. Watering of the mouth; a species and nectar; nectar.b-gur, s.m. Passage of
of pear; a species of pomegranate; a kind of a river, ford, ferry; an expeditious messenger,
delicious sweetmeat;adj. Weak, vile, courier; an express.b-guar, s.m. Water-
(rare).b-i-dahn, s.m. Water of the mouth, course, channel for water, canal.b-i-gosht,
saliva.b-i-dda, s.m. Water of the eyes, s.m.=b-josh, q.v.b-i-gohar, s.m. Lit. 'Water
tears:b-dda, adj. & adv. Having tears in the of pearls'; pure, limpid water.b-gr, s.m.
eyes, in tears:b-dda hon, To have tears in Receptacle for water, reservoir, pond, ditch; a
the eyes, to shed tears.b-r, weaver's brush.b-gna, s.m. Lit. 'Possessed
s.f. Lit. 'brightness of face'; honour, character, of lustre or clearness'; mirror, looking-glass;

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drinking-glass; bottle;wine; diamond.b-i- P bd-besh: For all compounds
man, s.m. Sperma genitale (=man).b-i- having bd for the first member,
nuqra, s.m. Silver reduced to a liquid state; v.s.v. bd.
quicksilver.b-nai or b-na, s.f. The S abdh, adj. (f. -), Unobstructed,
perpendicular tube of a huqqa on which
unrestrained, unfettered; unoppressed; true;
the ilam is fixed; (in Geography) a strait.b-
without difficulty; not obstructing, not
nosh, s.m. Drinking water, (e.g. h-i-b-
opposing.
nosh).b o tb = b-tb, q.v.b o
dna=b-dna, q.v.b o rang, s.m. Lit. S bdh, s.f. Segment of the base
'Water and colour'; beauty; splendour; polish, of a triangle.
gloss; joy, pleasure, bliss.b o namak, S abdhya, s.m. A postulate.
s.m. Lit. 'Water and salt'; sufficiency of water P bd, s.f. Inhabited spot or place;
and salt (in a dish); seasoning, condiments; colony; population, number of inhabitants;
ingredients; savouriness, relish, flavour, cultivated place; cultivation; the part of a
taste;maintenance, support. b o haw, village lands brought under cultivation;
s.f. Lit. 'Water and air' (of a place); air, increased assessment (=besh); prosperity; state
climate.b-yr, s.m. Waterer, sprinkler:b- of comfort; happiness, joy, pleasure.
yr, s.f. Watering, sprinkling;a kind of thin
H abr [S. ], s.m. This side, the
linen cloth; a species of dove.b-i-yan,
s.m. Water in which meat has been boiled near bank of a river.
down, broth; gravy (=b-i-gosht). H ubr (v.n. from next) s.m. Release,
H abb [A. ab], s.m. Father; superior;a deliverance.
consummate knave.abb-jn, abb-jn, dear
H ubrn (causal of ubarn)
father.
A ib, s.m. Denying, refusing; denial:ib [ubr = Prk. ()=S. (), caus. of
karn, v.t. To refuse, deny. rt. +], v.a. To put by as a surplus or
A b, s.m.pl. (of ab), Fathers;
ancestors:b o ajdd, s.m. Fathers; balance; to keep in reserve;to release, deliver,
forefathers, ancestors; family, race; lineage, liberate, set at liberty.
line. H abk [ priv.+ ] adj. & adv.
A abbl, s.m. A swallow. Dumb, speechless.
A ibat, [v.n. iv of ], s.f. Giving H abk [S. ava+ an], adv.
liberty, permitting; permission.
Downwards; below, beneath; southwards.
P bd [Z. vda; S. ], adj. Inhabited,
H ubkn (causal of ubakn),
populated, peopled; full of buildings and
v.t. To vomit, reject.
inhabitants, populous; settled (as a colony or
town); cultivated; stored; full; occupied;city, H ubl (v.n. of ubln), s.m.
town (in this sense it commonly occurs as the Ebullition, boiling; swelling with anger or rage;
last member of compounds, e.g. Faibd, anger, rage, burst of passion:ubl -jn, v.n.
Ilhbd);flourishing, prosperous; pleasant; To commence boiling, get into a state of
happy.bd-bash, s.f. First assessment of ebullition:ubl den, v.t. To boil, cause to
newly settled or cultivated land.bd-rahn, boil (=ubln).
To be full, stored, flourishing, prosperous, H ubl (perf. part. of ubln), part.
happy or comfortable.bd-kr, s.m. The adj. Lit. 'boiled'; boiled in water simply,
first settler on waste land.bd-karn, v.t. To unseasoned; bleached, whitened.
make (a place) habitable; to people, settle,
found (a colony, &c.); to build and plant; to H ubln (causal of ubaln),
cultivate; to make (the heart, dil) rejoice, to v.t. To boil, to make boil.
comfort, rejoice (the heart); to build up (a house P bn, s.m. The eighth month of the
or family, ghar), beget (children).bd hon, Persian year.
To be full, flourishing, &c. (=bd rahn, q.v.); H ubn (causal of ubn), v.t. To
to be occupied (as a house); to have the sow, plant; to cause to germinate, cause to
prospect of issue; to be married. grow; to fructify:ub den, Idem.
P bdn, adj.= bd, q.v. A b` (from b, q.v.), adj. Belonging to
P bdn, s.f. A habitation; a cultivated, or descending from one's ancestors, paternal.
populous, or pleasant place; population;
H abibd,= avivd, q.v.
cultivation; abundance; prosperity;
advancement; civilization; enjoyment, pleasure. P b-i-brn. For compounds
having b for the first member v.s.v. b.

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H ababhg [S. +], s.m. H ubawn (causal of uban),
Adverse fortune; misfortune, ill-luck. v.t. To cause the body to be rubbed with uban,
H ab-bh. For compounds to have uban rubbed on the body.
having ab for the first member v.s.v. ab. H ub, s.f.= uban, q.v.
H abibek = avivek, q.v. S abja [ 'water'+ 'born'], s.m. The
H abibekat = avivekat, nympha or lotus; the moon; a conch; the tree
q.v. Barringtonia acutangula; Dhanvantari, the
physician of the gods; a million millions.
H abibek = avivek, q.v. A abjad, s.m. 1. The first of a series of
A ibtid [v.n. viii of ], s.f. Beginning, eight words comprising the letters of the Arabic
commencement, exordium; birth, rise, source, alphabet in the order in which they were
origin.ibtid-se, adv. From the beginning, ab originally disposed (agreeing with that of the
initio:ibtia karn, v.t. To begin, commence, Hebrew and Aramaic). 2. The arrangement of
originate:ibtid-me, adv. In the beginning, the Arabic alphabet according to the occurrence
at first, originally. of the letters in the said eight words. 3. The
A ibtid`a (Ar. acc. of the preceding), numerical value of the letters in this
adv. In the beginning, at first; firstly, in the first arrangement of them. 4. The alphabet.abjad-
place. n, s.m. One who is learning the alphabet;
A ibtid` [v.n. viii of ], s.m. Innovation; a beginner (syn. nau-moz).
the producing of something new, invention. H aba (a neg.+rt. of ban, q.v.), s.m.
A ibtid`, adj. Preliminary, introductory,
prefatory; primary, prior. That which has not escaped.
A ibtil [v.n. viii of ], s.m. Vileness, H abir [S. priv.+], s.m.
meanness; servitude; carelessness in preserving Want of consideration, thoughtlessness; want of
anything. judgment or discrimination; injustice.
A abtar (from ' to cut off,' 'to cut off a H abir [S. + ], adj.
tail'), adj. Ruined, spoiled; deteriorated,
Destitute of consideration or reflection,
vitiated; worthless, destitute of good qualities,
inconsiderate, unreflecting, thoughtless;
dissolute, wanton, disorderly; destitute,
unjust:s.m. (f. -in) an unjust man; an ill-
miserable, poor; in disorder, disarranged;
advised person.
defective, imperfect; false (as a deal at
cards).abtar karn, v.t. To ruin, spoil, mar, H abial [S. priv.+], adj.
vitiate, deprave, corrupt; to derange, disarrange, (f. -), Motionless, unmoved, unshaken,
disorder, to shuffle (a pack of cards). resolute, firm.
AP abtar, s.f. Deterioration, ruin, decay; H abhar, s.f.= apsar, q.v.
worthlessness, wretchedness, poverty; disorder,
confusion; disorganization; mismanagement. H abihn, adj. = avihn,
A ibtism [v.n. viii of ], s.m. Smiling; q.v.
smile; cheerfulness; gaiety. A abira, vulg. abara (pl.
A ibtil [v.n. of ], s.m. Trial, suffering, of bur), s.m. Vapours, exhalations,
affiction, misfortune, steam, fumes;raving, delirium.
A ibtihj [v.n. viii of ' to become A abal, adj. (comp. and super.
beautiful or goodly'], s.m. Gladness. of bal), More, most or very covetous or
H uba (v.n. of uban), avaricious.
s.m.= uban, q.v. S abda, s.m. Cloud; year, ra.
H uban [S. +, 'rubbing and A abad, s.m. Endless time, prospective
eternity (opp. to azal, q.v.); eternity.abad-tak,
cleaning the body'], s.m. A paste (composed of
adv. To all eternity.
one or other kind of meal, turmeric, oil and
perfume) rubbed on the body when bathing to A abada (Ar. acc. of abad), adv. Eternally,
clean and soften the skin; a cosmetic; for ever; never.
A ibd` [v.n. iv of ' to originate'], s.m.
unguent:uban maln, To rub the body
The production of something new, invention.
with uban (=ubana).
A abdl (pl. of badal, or badl),
H uban or uban, m. Lit. 'The substitutes or lieutenants';1.
s.m.= uban:uban, v.t. To anoint and rub Certain righteous persons of whom the world is
the body with uban. never destitute, and by whom God rules the
earth: 2. The substitutes and successors of the
prophets: (hence,) 3. A religious person,

5
hermit, devotee, saint, enthusiast: 4. A H ubr, [S. +], s.m. See ubr-
religious fraternity; a class of wandering
subr, s.v. ubarn.ubr-karn, v.t.=ubrn,
Mohammadan saints.
q.v.
A ibdl [v.n. iv. of ' to exchange'], s.m.
A abrr, (pl. of ) , s.m. Just, holy, pious
Change exchange, substitution of one thing for
men; saints: dutiful (to parents).
another.
A ibrr, [v.n. iv of ] , s.m. Overcoming,
AP abdl, adj. Of or relating to
being superior.
an abdl or devotee.
H ubrn (causal
H abadh, adj. (f. -),= abadhya,
of ubarn),= ubrn, q.v.
q.v.
A ibrhm, prop. n.m. Abraham (the
H abidh [S. priv.+], adj. & patriarch).
adv. Void of, or contrary to, rule; irregular: A abrad, adj. (comp. & super. of ), More,
irregularly. most, or very cold.
H abudh [S. priv.+ ], adj. A abrash, adj. Marked with small specks,
speckled: mottled; dapple grey (horse).
Deficient in, or void of, understanding or sense,
unwise, ignorant, stupid, foolish:s.m. A fool. H abarshan,= avarshan, q.v.
S abuddhi, adj.=abudh, q.v.:s.f. A abra, adj. Leprous.
Want of understanding or sense, ignorance, A abraq,=the next Arabicized.
stupidity, foolishness. H abrak, [S. ], s.m. Talc;
S abdh, s.f. Segment of the base of mica.
a triangle. H abran, s.m.= bharan, q.v.
S abuddhimn, adj. (f. -mati), H ubarn (see the trans. ubrn),
=abudh and abuddhi (adj.) qq.v. v.n. To be left over as a remainder or surplus, to
H abdht [S. 'off'+ 'shaken remain over, be over; to exceed; to be kept in
'], s.m. One who has separated himself from reserve, be put by.ubr-subr, s.m.
worldly feeling and obligation; a Hind faqir, Remainder; surplus; remains, fragments,
a jog (q.v.); a devotee; (commonly) a remnants; leavings; scraps; refuse.
worshipper of the god iva. P abranjan, = P abranjn, s.m.
Bracelet; ankle ornament of gold or silver
S abdhi, s.m. The ocean.abdhi- (cf. abran).
kaph, s.m. Cuttle-fish bone. P abranjn, = P abranjan, s.m.
S abadhya, adj. (f. -), Not Bracelet; ankle ornament of gold or silver
deserving death, not to be slain, inviolable, (cf. abran).
sacred. P abr [Pehl. br, Z. brvat, S. ], s.f. Eye-
A abad, adj. Eternal, without end, brow.Abr-par gir mrn, To knit the brow,
everlasting, immortal. to frown.
H abidy, s.f.= avidy, q.v. P br (i.e. b-i-r), v.s.v. b.
P abr, vulg. abar [Old P. awar, Pehl. abar, H abirodh,
Zend awra, S. ], s.m. A cloud; the marks on s.m.= avirodh, q.v.
the paper called abr (q.v.).abr-i-ur, s.m. A H abirodh,
cloud without rain.abr hn, v.n. Clouds to adj.= avirodh, q.v.
overshadow; to be cloudy or overcast; to P abra, s.m.= abr, q.v.
lower.abr-i-`lamgr, s.m. Rain clouds which H barhan, s.m.= bharan,
cover a large extent of country.abr-i-qibla,
q.v.
s.m. Clouds which come from the direction of
P abr (from abr), adj. Clouded;
the qibla; clouds heavily charged with rain.
abr khuln, v.n. Clouds to disperse; (the sky) to mottled; variegated:s.f. (also abr kga), a
be clear.abr-i-murda, s.m. A sponge. kind of thick and shining paper, clouded
(obtained from Kashmr); variegated, or marble
H abar, adv. Now, at present paper.
(= ab);adj. Weak, &c. (= abal). P abresham (vulg. bresham), s.m. Raw
P abr, s.m. The outer fold of a double silk, silk; sewing silk.
garment (opposed to astar, 'the lining'). P abreshm, adj. Silken, made of silk.
abr ahn (-par). To sow or quilt another, or A ibrq (P. b-rz Arabicized), s.m. A
outer, fold (upon a garment). vessel, or water-pot, with a spout and a handle;
A ibr [v.n. iv of ], s.m. Release, an ewer.
acquittal.

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H aba-dhaba, adj. & adv. A abtal, adj. (comp. & super. of btil),
Clumsy; coarse, rough: out of all time and tune, More, most, or very vain or fruitless, &c.
jarring, discordant, inharmonious, confused A ab`d, s.m. (pl. of ), Distances;
(music). divarications; dimensions.Ab`d-i-salsa,
s.m. The three dimensions (of a solid body).
H abas [S. +], adj. (f. -), A ab`ad, adj. (comp. & super. of ), More,
Unsubmissive to another's will, disobedient; most, or very distant or remote; further;
unrestrained; unsubdued; not under control: not furthest.
having one's own free will; in subjection to A abq [v.n. iv of ], s.m. Rendering
another; helpless, powerless; without choice. permanent; confirmation; establishment;
P bsl, s.m. A vineyard; a garden. perpetuation; prolongation; preservation.
H ubsn (causal of ubasn), H ubk (see next), s.m. The slip-knot
v.t. To cause to rot; to cause to ferment; to or noose placed round the neck of a vessel for
cause to become sticky. drawing water with it.
P bist, bistn, , bistan = H ubkn (causal of ubakn),
bista, q.v.
P bistag = P bistan s.f. v.t. To cause (one) to vomit; to produce
Pregnancy; the state of being with young. vomiting, &c. (see ubakn).
P bistan = P bistag s.f. H ubk`, s.f. The act of vomiting,
Pregnancy; the state of being with young. &c. (see ubakn).
P bista (cf. S. ), adj. Pregnant (a H abikt [S. + ], adj. (f. -),
woman); with young (an animal); new-born Unapparent, imperceptible; hidden;
(child). undetermined, unknown; unintelligible.abikt-
H abasan [S. +], adj. (f. -), ganit, s.f. The arithmetic of unknown quantities,
Without clothes, naked. algebra.
H abisan [S. +], adj. & H ubakn [S. ++ ;
s.m. (f. -), Without desire, indifferent; without Prk. ()], v.n. To throw up, vomit, retch;
application:an indifferent person, &c. to disgorge; to eject, expel; reject.
H ubasn [S. +], v.n. To H abkesh [S. ++ ], adj.
give forth a smell, become fetid; to turn; to (f. -in) & s.m. Without fruit; unfruitful,
smell offensive (meat or food); to rot, putrefy, barren:a tree without fruit.
become rancid or rank; to become mouldy, S abal, adj. & s.m. Without strength or
musty, or mildewed; to ferment; to become
sticky or viscous; to become stale, or useless; to power, weak, feeble, infirm, impotent, frail,
be weary, to be out of patience. enervated:a weak person, &c.
H abisws [S. + ], S abal, adj. (fem. of the preceding),
s.m. Want of confidence, distrust, disbelief; Weak, delicate, &c.:s.f. A woman; a delicate
mistrust, suspicion. woman; a beautiful woman.
H abiswspan [the H abalp, =

preceding+S. aff. ], s.m. Distrustfulness, H abalpan, [S. ++] s.m.

suspiciousness. Weakness, frailty, &c.
H abisws, adj. & s.m. (f. - H abalpan, =
in). Destitute of, or deficient in, belief; H abalp, [S. ++] s.m.
incredulous, distrustful; mistrustful, Weakness, frailty, &c.
suspicious:a distrustful person; an unbeliever, A iblg [v.n. iv. of ], s.m. Causing to
&c. arrive; conveying, sending.
H abishek (vulg. abikhek) H ubln (causal of ubaln),
= abhishek, q.v. v.t.= ubln, q.v.
A abr, s.m. (pl. of ), Views, looks; H abal`, s.f. Weakness, debility,
perception, understanding.
frailty.
A ibtl [v.n. iv of ' to become false,
vain,' &c.], s.m. Proving (a thing) false, S abalat, s.f. =
refuting, confuting; refutation; rendering null, S abalatwa, s.m. Weakness, &c.
abolishing; annihilating; abolition, &c. (see abalpan).

7
S abalatwa, s.m. = H abins [S. +, rt. ],
S abalat, s.f. Weakness, &c. s.m. Exemption from destruction, loss, or
decay; safety.
(see abalpan).
A ablaq (from ), adj. Black and white, H abins [S. ], adj.
party-coloured, piebald; spotted; pepper-and- (f. -in), Indestructible, imperishable, exempt
salt; grey. from decay or loss; everlasting, immortal; safe;
AH ablaq (the preceding+poss. affix ), entire:s.m. Anything indestructible, &c.
s.m. A bird of the maina kind; a starling. S abindu, adj. Without point or dot.
H abilamb,= avilamb, q.v. P bns, s.m. Ebony.bns-k kund,
H ubaln [ubal = adj. (Lit. 'a log of ebony'); black and ill-
featured, repulsive:s.m. A repulsive man; a
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. + ], blackamoor.
v.n. To go upwards, to rise, ascend, mount (to); P bns, adj. Made of obony; black as
to swell, flow over; to boil, boil over, bubble ebony; black.
up; to swell with pride or rage, to be puffed up, H abn [S. avan], s.f. The
be inflamed; to abound; to be flushed (with); to
earth, world.
overflow, be flooded, be inundated.ubal
aln, v.n. To flow or run over, boil over; to H abinay [S. +], s.m. Want
begin to swell or rise, &c. of good manners; indecorum; want of modesty;
P blj, or bl, s.m. White sugar- rude behaviour, rudeness, pertness; wantonness.
candy. H abint [S. +], adj. (f. -
H abalokan, ), Badly trained; ill-mannered; misbehaving,
s.m.= avalokan, q.v. acting ill or improperly; unchaste, unfaithful
P bila, bla, s.m. A blister, a pustule (of (conjugally); wanton; pert, petulant:s.m. An
small pox, &c.).bla-i-farang, s.m. The unfaithful spouse.
European pox, syphilis; bubo. H abint (fem. of the above); s.f.
A ablah (from ), adj. Simple, silly, foolish;
An immodest, unchaste, or unfaithful woman or
ignorant; bashful.ablah-fareb, s.m. A sly,
wife.
wily knave; an impostor.
A ab (used, like ibn, in comb. with a
AP ablah, s.f. Silliness, foolishness, folly.
following subst. in the gen., the final being
H abal [S. ], s.f. A row, range; shortened in pron. if the Ar. art. precede the
a continuous line. subst.), s.m. Father; originator, author, &c.
H abal, adj. (f. -in),= abal, q.v. abu`l-bashar, Lit. 'The father of the human
A ibls [v.n. of , rt. ' to despair of race'; Adam.abu`l-ris, s.m. The lion (he
the mercy of God'], s.m. The devil, Satan. being among beasts of prey, the strongest
ibls-k peshb, and ibls-k jan, s.m. The to acquire).ab-bakr, Lit. 'The father of the
devil's own child, the devil's brat. virgin'; the name of the father-in-law of, and
A ibn (used in comp. only, usually in its first successor to, Mohammad.ab-turb, Lit.
nom. form ibnu), s.m. Son, child.ibnu`l-amr, 'Father dusty;' a nickname of 'Al, the son-in-
adj. Of noble blood, high born:ibnu`s-sabl, law of Mohammad.ab-jahl, Lit. 'Father of
s.m. A son of the road, a traveller:ibnu`l- ignorance,' the name of an uncle of
Mohammad, noted for his stubbornness.ab-
gara, s.m. A selfish person:ibnu`l-gaib, s.m.
`al-sn, The name of a celebrated sage and
A God knows who, an obscure person, an
physician.ab-huraira, Lit. 'Father (owner) of
upstart, a parvenu:ibnu`l-waqt, s.m. A time-
the little cat'; the nickname of one of
server.
Mohammad's disciples (who was in the habit of
A abn (pl. of ibn;used in comp. only),
carrying a pet cat about with him).
s.m. Sons; people; tribes.abn-i-jins, s.m.
A abwb (pl. of ), s.m. Doors, gates;
Those of the same rank, quality, kind, or
chapters, sections; heads or subjects of taxation;
species; companions, comrades, equals. abn-i-
sources of public revenue, such as cesses,
dahr, s.m. and abn-i-rozgr, s.m. Sons of the
imposts, assessments on land, &c.: (under
time, contemporaries.
Mohammadan rule) taxes imposed in excess of
H ubn [S. ], v.n. Lit. 'To be sown the original assessment.
or planted'; to germinate; to grow; to be H ubwn (causal of ubn), v.t.
produced; to spring (as plants), sprout, shoot
To cause to be sown, &c.; to sow (seed).
(cf. ugn).
H abiwhit [S. +],
adj. & s.m. (f. -), Unmarried, single:an

8
unmarried man, a bachelor.abiwhit, s.f. An place beyond the reach of danger or harm; to
unmarried woman; a mistress. save, rescue, deliver from trouble of any kind),
H abjh, (+rt. of bjhn, release, liberate, set free.ubhr-ln, v.t. To
unload and bring;to incite, induce, work
q.v.), adj. (f. -), Void of, or deficient in,
upon, persuade, win over, seduce, draw over; to
understanding or sense; senseless, stupid.
procure, obtain.ubhr-le-jn, v.t. To carry
H abjh, adj. (f. -), Not off, bear away, &c. (see above).
understood; incomprehensible. H ubhna, v.t.= ubhrn,
S abodh, s.m. Ignorance, q.v.
stupidity:adj. (f. -), Unintelligent, stupid, S bhs, s.m. Appearance,
ignorant; puzzled, perplexed.abodh-gamya,
semblance, likeness; semblance of a reason;
adj. (f. -), Incomprehensible.
fancy; thought; impression, idea; intention,
S abodhanya, adj. (f. -), not purpose.
to be understood, unintelligible, H bhs, =
incomprehensible.
S bhsha, s.m. Introduction,
H abodhw [S. + +],
preface, preamble, exordium:bhs-kath,
adj.= abudh and abodh, q.v.
s.f. Idem.
H abol ( + rt. of boln, q.v.),
S bhsha, =
adj. (f. -), Speechless; silent, mute; dumb.
H bhs, s.m. Introduction,
H abol, adj. (f. -), Disposed or
preface, preamble, exordium:bhs-kath,
accustomed to be silent, &c. (=abol); taciturn;
s.f. Idem.
reserved; conceited, vain:s.m. Dumb
creature; one incapable of speaking distinctly, a S abhg, s.m. Unfortunateness;
child, an infant. misfortune, calamity, ill-luck.
S abhi. An inseparable Sanskrit prefix H abhg (f. -),= abhg, q.v.
(the reverse of anu), denoting priority in S abhg, adj. (f. -in), Having ill-
time or place; before; against; with respect to. luck, unfortunate, unlucky, ill-starred; destitute:
S ibha, ibh, s.m. An elephant.ibha- s.m. An unfortunate or unlucky wight.
plak, s.m. An elephant keeper. S abhgya, s.m.= abhg;
S bh, s.f. Light, splendour, beauty. adj. (f. -),= abhg, q.v.
H abhgepan (S. abhgyatwa),
S abhr, adj. (f. -), Light, of little
s.m. Unfortunateness, ill-fate, lucklessness.
weight.
S abhgyamn, adj. (f. -
H ubhr [S. +], s.m. Rising,
mat),= abhg, q.v.
swelling, tumefaction; plumpness;
prominence; developing; budding; acquiring H abhl [S. ], s.m. A cloud.
fullness; rising or development of the breasts abhl-n and abhl hn, v.n. To be clouded
(in girls):conj. part. (used in compounds), or overcast.
see ubhr ln, and ubhr le-jn, A ibhm [v.n. iv of ], s.m. Confusion;
s.v. ubhrn. doubt, uncertainty; ambiguity; suspicion;the
H ubhr, perf. part. (of the next), thumb; the great toe:adj. Covered, concealed;
unknown.
Taken up, carried away, &c.ubhr den, v.t.
To carry off, bear away; to incite, persuade, H abhn (see ), adj. (f. -),
encourage, entice:ubhr karn, v.t. To Unbefitting, unbecoming, unsuitable:
unload, &c. (see ubhrn and ubhrn). distasteful; unacceptable.
H ubhrn [ubhr = H ubhn [S. +, caus. of
Prk. () or ()=S. (), caus. rt. ], v.t. To alarm, disturb.
of rt. +], v.t. To raise up, plump up; to take S abh`o, s.m. Non-existence;
up, lift; to cause to be unladen, to unlade (a cart absence; extinction, annihilation; poverty, want,
or boat); to discharge (cargo), unship; to destitution:adj. Non-existent; extinct;
remove, bear away, carry off, run away with; to annihilated, &c.
steal, kidnap (in these senses the more common S abhvatwa, s.m. (f. abhvat),
form is ubhr-le-jn); to rouse, stir up, incite,
Non-existence; deficiency; want.
excite, instigate, induce, persuade; to raise up,

9
S abhy, s.f. A courageous female H abharan, abhran =
(=abhaya, q.v.);adj. Unbetitting, &c. S bharan, s.m. Jewels,
(=abhn, q.v.)
ornaments; decoration, finery. (The popular
H abhibd,= abhird, q.v. form is abran.)
H abhibdan,= abhivda H ubharn [S. +; see the trans.
n, q.v. form ubhrn], v.n. To rise, swell, be
S abhibhta, part. adj. inflated; to come out fully, be developed; to rise
up, form (as a pustule); to spring up, shoot,
Defeated, overcome, subdued, subjected,
grow, increase, flourish; to run over, overflow;
domineered over.
to be or become excited or inflamed, &c.; to
S abhiprya, s.m. Aim, purpose, feel the sexual passion; to be puffed up, be
intention, design, wish, desire; sentiment; goal; conceited; to rise from a sick bed; to recover
the main purport of a book, &c. from trouble or misfortune; to rally; to take
S abhipreta, part. adj. Intended, oneself off; to take leave, depart; to make one's
designed. escape, to steal away; to come to light, be
discovered or exposed, become public; to be
S abhijta, adj. Noble, well- unloaded, unladen, emptied (as a cart or
born; inbred, innate; fit, proper; wise, learned. boat).ubhar n = ubharn in most of its
S abhijit, s.m. The significations.ubhar aln, To be on the rise
21st nakshatra, or lunar asterism; the or increase; to run over, overflow; to become
8th muhrt, or division of the day. puffed up, vain, or conceited; to be gaining
strength (after sickness, &c.), be convalescent;
S abhijna, adj. (f. -), Knowing,
to be improving; to progress favourably.
clever, skilful, conversant with:s.m. A patron.
H bhas [S. ], s.m. A little; a
S abhir, s.m. Incantation;
few.
employment of spells for a malevolent purpose;
S abhisra, s.m. Meeting,
a charm or spell causing death or disease.
rendezvous, tryst, a lover's appointment; attack,
S abhidhn, s.m. A vocabulary,
assault.
a dictionary.
S abhisrik, s.f. A woman
S abhra, s.m. The sky; a cloud
who goes to meet her lover or keeps an
(= abr). assignation; a lewd woman.
H ubhr (from ubharn, q.v.), part. S abhisr, adj. (f. -in), Going
adj. Unladen (as a cart or boat); excited, &c. to meet; keeping an assignation:s.m. A party
S abhirm, adj. (f. -), Agreeable, to an assignation.
pleasing, delightful; beautiful, charming. S abhishikta, part. adj.
H ubhrn (caus. of ubharn), v.t. Sprinkled, baptized; anointed to an office,
To cause to overflow, to fill to overflowing, &c. inaugurated, enthroned; imbued with.
(cf. ubhrn, of which it is another form). S abhishek, s.m. Sprinkling;
S abhiru, s.f. Desire, delight, inaugurating or consecrating by sprinkling
pleasure, taste, relish.abhiru rakhn (-me). water (usually that of the Ganges or other
To have or take delight (in). sacred river); inauguration of a king, royal
unction; installation; religious bathing, ablution;
S abhrak, s.m. Talc; mica
bathing of the idol to which worship is
(= abrak). offered;a religious ceremony consisting of
H abhrak [+], adj. Made the presentation of a variety of articles (such as
or consisting of talc. fruits, gems, &c.) along with water or with fluid
H abharam [S. +], adj. (f. -), substances for bathing the idol to which
worship is offered.
Without credit, respect, or character.abharam
H ubhak, s.m. A bear.
karn, v.t. To dishonour, disgrace.
S bharan, = S abhakta, adj. (f. -), Unbelieving,
H abharan, abhran s.m. Jewels, undevout; unattached, indifferent.s.m. An
unbeliever, &c.
ornaments; decoration, finery. (The popular
S abhakti, s.f. Want of devotion to;
form is abran.)
want of faith; unbelief, impiety; disregard; want
of desire; indifference.

10
S abhaktimn, adj. & s.m. (f. S abhimukh, adj. (f.-), Turning
-mat), Undevoted to; unbelieving; indifferent towards, facing, in front; before, present:adv.
to:An unbeliever. In front (of, -ke), in the presence (of); towards.
S abhikrama, s.m. Assault, S abhimukhat, s.f. Presence,
attack; undertaking, enterprise. proximity.
S abhakshya, part. adj. Not to be H abhimanyu,
eaten; unlawful to be eaten:s.m. Unlawful or adj.= abhimnya, q.v.
forbidden food. S abhinna, adj. Undivided,
S abhigaman, s.m. unseparated; ones.m. An integer, a whole
Approaching, coming forward. number.
S abhilsh (vulg. abhilkh), H abhang [S. +], adj. Not
s.m. = breakable; strong; indestructible, perishable; not
S abhilsh (vulg.abhilkh), broken.
s.f. Desire, wish, longing, strong inclination, S abhinandan, s.m. Praise,
craving; affection, love, passion. applause, approbation; consent.
S abhilsh (vulg. abhilkh), S abhinav, adj. (f. -), Recent,
s.f. = new, quite new.
S abhilsh (vulg.abhilkh), H abh = abh, q.v. s.v. ab.
s.m. Desire, wish, longing, strong inclination, H ubhau = ubhay, q.v.
craving; affection, love, passion.
S abhivd, s.m. Reverential
S abhilshit, part. adj.
salutation;unfriendly or opprobrious
Desired, wished.
language, abuse.
S abhilsh, adj. & s.m. (f. -
S abhivdan, s.m. Respectful
in), Wishing, desiring; longing for; covetous,
salutation, a bow or prostration to a person
greedy:Wisher, &c.
(generally including the mention of his name or
H abhilkh = abhilsh, title); kissing the feet in adoration.
q.v. S abht, part. adj. Non-existent; not
H abhilkh = abhilsh past.abht-ripu, adj. Without enemies.
, q.v. H abhoj, adj.= abhojya, q.v.
S abhimn, s.m. High opinion of
S abhojan, s.m. Not eating,
self, self-conceit, pride, haughtiness.
fasting, abstinence.
abhimn-putra, s.m. (f. -k or -ik), A foster-
son.abhimn karn, To behave proudly or S abhoj, adj. & sm. (f. -in), Not
conceitedly; to be proud or conceited. having eaten; fasting:a faster.
abhimn galn, (-k), To bring down (one's) S abhojya, adj. & s.m. (f. -),
pride, to humble; to get rid of (one's own) pride. Not to be eaten, prohibited as food; impure:
S abhimnat, s.f. Pride, forbidden food.
arrogance, &c. (=abhimn). S bhshan, =
S abhimn, adj. (f. -in). = H bhkhan, s.m. Ornaments,
S abhimnya, adj.(f. - jewels, jewellery, finery.
). Proud, conceited, haughty, arrogant:s.m. H bhkhan, =
A proudperson, &c.
S bhshan, s.m. Ornaments,
S abhimnya, adj. (f. -). =
jewels, jewellery, finery.
S abhimn, adj.(f. -in). Proud, S bhog, s.m. Curve; crookedness;
conceited, haughty, arrogant:s.m. A roundness; extension; fullness; a vault; the
proudperson, &c. expanded hood of the cobra capella;
S abhimat, part. Admitted, enjoyment; satiety, surfeit.
assented to, consented to, accepted; approved S abhog, adj. Unfit for use;
of, chosen; wished, desired. unpossessed, unenjoyed.
S abhimatat, abhimatt, s.f.
Agreeableness; desireableness; desire; love.

11
S abhog, adj. & s.m. (f. -in). Not S abhed, s.m. Absence of difference
partaking in; not possessing or enjoying;a or distinction; identity; similarity: adj. (f. -
non-participator. ), similar; identical, of one kind; united,
H abh = abh = abh, q.v. fastened together; known, celebrated.
S abhay-dn, s.m.=abhay-
H abh (i.e. ab+emphat. aff. h),
patra, q.v. s.v. abhay.
v.s.v. ab.
S abhedya, adj. Not to be divided or
S abhay, abhai, adj. & s.m. (f. -),
broken, indivisible, impenetrable, inseparable.
Without fear, fearless, undaunted, bold,
courageous;a fearless person, &c.;the root S bhr, s.m. A cowherd.
of a fragrant grass,Andropogon muricatum. (See ahr.)
abhay-patra, s.m. Assurance of safety or S abhyasta, part. adj. Practised.
protection, a safe-conduct; encouragement;
exercised; learnt by heart; repeated; studied;
amnesty:abhay-dn, and abhay-vk,
accustomed, habituated; experienced.
s.m.=abhay-patra.
S abhsha, part. adj. (f. -),
S ubhaya, adj. Both, the two: (in
Desired, beloved, cherished.
Hind generally occurring in comp.,
e.g.) ubhaya-tas, adv. From both sides, on both S abhyantara, adj. (f. -),
sides, to both sides; in both cases:ubhayath, Interior, internal, inward (see bhtar);s.m.
adv. In both ways; in both cases:ubhaya- inner part, interior, inside, middle, included
nishh, adv. That regards or respects both sides; space (see bhtar).
common to both sides. S abhyantarya, adj.
S abhay, s.f. A courageous Interior, internal.
woman;the plant Terminalia citrina. H abhe`o = abhed, q.v.
S abhys, s.m. Study; meditation; S abhay-wk (or abhay-bk)
practice, exercise; the frequent repetition of a = abhay-patra, q.v. s.v. abhay.
thing in order to fix it on the memory; P b, adj. Of or belonging to water, aquatic;
repetition; intimate acquaintance (with), watery, moist, humid; irrigated; watery blue,
familiarity. light blue:s.f. light blue colour;a kind of
S abhys, adj. (f. -in), bread (made of water in place of milk and
Studious; practising; repeating; exercising: butter).b go, s.m. The sea-horse, river
s.m. A student. horse.
S abhygat, part. (f. -), H abe [S. ave: cf. are], interj.
Arrived:s.m. A guest, a visitor; a devotee, Holloa! ho there! you fellow! Sirrah! you
a faqr. rascal! abe-tabe-se pesh n, v.n. To address
H ubhiyn [S. + ], v.n. To (one) with undue familiarity, or disrespectfully
or rudely; to treat (one) ceremoniously:abe-
rise up, swell; to upheave; to feel a choking
tabe karn, Idem.
sensation (in the throat); to feel weary, tired, or
disgusted. H ab = abh, q.v.
S abhay-patra, s.m.: A abyt, s.f. pl. (of bait), Lit. 'houses';
distichs, verses.
v.s.v. abhay.
H ubiyha, ubyha [S.
S abhpsit, part. adj. (f. -),
?], s.f. Obstacle, impediment, hindrance.
Desired, wished for.
H abyab, s.m.= avyava, q.v.
S abhta, part. adj. (f. -), Not
terrified; fearless; undaunted, unalarmed:a H abe-tabe, v.s.v. abe.
fearless person, &c. H abj [S. +], s.m. Bad grain;
S abhti, s.f. Fearlessness, grain that does not germinate.
intrepidity. H abr, s.m. Red powder used at
S abhyuttn, s.m. Rising as a the hol festival.
mark of respect; rising; elevation; dignity; rise, H aber [S. +], s.f. Lateness,
origin. delay:adv. Late, after time; late in the season;
H abh (local)= abh, q.v. unseasonably.
A abya, adj. (from ), White; more,
most, or very splendid or shining.

12
S apa, An inseparable Sanskrit prefix beside oneself (with joy or anger), to be in
ecstacies; to be in a fury; to lose all control over
(the reverse of adhi), denoting loss, self.pe-me n, To come to oneself; to
privation, negation, separation, detraction, come to one's senses, to recover from a swoon,
contrariety, inferiority, badness, &c. or from insensibility, or from a fit of anger, or
S upa, An inseparable Sanskrit prefix from intoxication, or from fatigue.
denoting vicinity or proximity,towards, near H p [S. ], s.f. An elder sister (a
to; down, under; on; by, by the side of; with, by term of respectful compellation for an elder,
means of, &c. cf. p, as a pron. rever.):p-jn, s.f. Dear
S api, adv. Moreover, also, besides, sister.
even, still, though, yet; assuredly. S app, adj. (f. -), Sinless, innocent,
S p, s.m. Water (cf. P. b). guiltless.
H p [S. ], refl. pron. com. H p-p; For compounds
gender, Self, himself, oneself, itself; he himself, having p for the first member, v.s.v. p.
you yourself, they themselves:pron. rever. S aptra, s.m. (f. -), An inferior,
You, Sir, your honour, your worship; his undeserving or worthless person:adj. Inferior;
honour, his worship.p-p, distr. pron., Each unfit, unworthy.
one; each by himself or itself; every one for H upn, v.t.= upn, q.v.
himself:s.m. Selfishness, egotism.p-p
karn, v.t. To address (one) with respect or S apdn, s.m. Taking away; (in
deference; to flatter; to be selfish or Gram.) the ablative case.
egotistical.p-bht, adv. According to one's S updn, s.m. Taking away;
own pleasure.p-bt, s.f. That which has
abduction; seizure; withdrawing the organs of
befallen oneself, the story of one's own
sense and perception from the outer world;
sufferings.p-rp, adj. Self-made, self-
abstraction;cause, motive.
formed; singular, strange, wonderful, unique,
incomparable, unequalled:s.m. The self- H updh, updhi [S. ], s.f.
formed, the Deity;you, your honour, your Violence, injury, injustice, tyranny, oppression,
worship;an unparalleled scamp or rogue. exaction, trouble, annoyance, mischief,
p-rp, adj. Self-formed, &c. (=p-rp):adv. disturbance.updhi-se, adv. Unjustly;
Of its own accord, spontaneously.p-swrth, tyrannically.
adj. Pursuing one's own objects, self-seeking, S updhi, s.m. Virtuous
selfish (see swrth).p-se, p-se-p, adv. Of
reflection;deceit, deception; disguise;
himself, of his own accord, voluntarily, freely;
discriminating or distinguishing property,
without rhyme or reason, causelessly; of itself,
attribute, peculiarity; modifying circumstance;
spontaneously.p-kj (S. tma-krya), s.m.
limitation;a title, nickname.
One's own business or affairs.p-kj, adj.
Attending to, or concerned about one's own H p-dhp: For compounds
business or affairs; pursuing one's own objects, having p for the first member, v.s.v. p.
self-seeking, selfish.p-ko (or apne-ko) dr H updh, adj. (f. -in), Violent,
khainn (-se), To hold oneself aloof (from); to unjust, tyrannical:s.m. Oppressor, tyrant.
have an inordinate opinion of oneself.p-h-
p, adv. Of himself, of itself, &c. (=p-se-p); H updhyn,
alone. [S. ], s.f. The wife of a teacher; a
H p, refl. pron. m. Self, &c. preceptress (see next).
(=pron. p, q.v.).p-p, s.f. Self, yourself, S updhyy, s.m. A spiritual
themselves; each for him or herself; of himself, preceptor; a teacher (in general).
&c. (=p-se-p).p bisrn, v.n. To forget,
S updhyy, =
or lose consciousness of, self; to put aside self;
to mortify the body.p tajn, v.n. To give H updhyy, s.f.= up
up self; to sacrifice self; to give oneself up to dhyn, q.v.
grief, sorrow, suffering, &c.; to cast off self (i.e. H updhyy, =
the body), to commit suicide.p-dhp, s.f.
A race for self, eagerness to gratify self, S updhyy, s.f.= upd
selfishness.p-dhp pan, v.n. To pursue, hyn, q.v.
or be intent on, the gratification of self, or the
advancing of one's own interests.pam-
dhp = p-dhp.pe-se bhar hon, To be

13
S apr, adj. Shoreless; unbounded, recourse; support; an awning spread over a
court or area;the head.
boundless, interminable, infinite; excessive;
impassable; unsurpassed; unrivalled. S apk, s.m. Immaturity;
P ipr, s.m. Thyme; wild marjoram. indigestion:adj. Immature, raw, unripe,
S uprjit, part. adj. Acquired, undressed.
gained, earned. S upkhyn, s.m. A legend; a
S uprjan, s.m. Acquiring, tale.
gaining, earning; acquisition, gain.uprjan S uplambh, s.m. Abuse;
karn, v.t. To acquire, &c. reviling;delaying.
H uprn, v.t.= upn, q.v. S apn, s.m. The anus; ventris
H up [S. +], s.m. Pulling up or crepitus.
out by the root, &c. (see the next);an H apn = H apn pron.
irritating composition (as a blister, or the like). m.= apn, q.v.
H upna [S. +], v.t. To H apn = H apn pron.
pullup or out by the root, to root up, eradicate, m.= apn, q.v.
tear or pluck out, extirpate. H upn [S. ], v.t. To get,
H ups, [S. ], s.m. A fast; obtain, earn, produce, create; to prepare; to
fasting; hunger.ups karn, v.n. To fast, devise, contrive, adopt (as an experiment or
abstain from eating and drinking. remedy).
H ups [S. q.v.], s.f. Worship, S apng, s.m. The outer corner of
&c.ups karn, v.t. To worship, make the eye; a sectarial mark on the forehead; a
offerings to, sacrifice to. cripple:adj. (f. -), Crippled.apng-daran,
H ups [S. ], adj. & s.m. (f. s.m. A side glance, a leer.
-), Fasting; hungry;one who fasts. S upng, s.m. The sectarial mark
S ups, s.f. Service, worship; made with sandal, &c. on the forehead.
religious meditation. H , up`o, up`, s m.= upy,
H upsak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik). q.v.
Fasting, &c.= ups, q.v. S apwan, adj. (f. -), Defiling,
S upsak, s.m. (f. -ik), A servant, polluting; impure.
a worshipper. H aphaj [S. ++, but the
S upsan, s.m. Sitting by the side Skr. order is hasta-pda], s.m. A cripple; a lazy,
indolent person; a person who never visits
of; attending upon, serving; worship, adoration;
anyone. (Written alsoaphij, and apj.)
religious meditation;the sacred fire; archery.
S upy, up`e, s.m. Scheme, plan,
S upsan, s.f. Service,
means, expedient, device, contrivance,
attendance; reverence, worship, adoration;
stratagem; way, course, measure; remedy,
offering, sacrifice.
resource; preparation. up`e karn, v.n. To
H upsn [S. ], v.t. To devise, plan, plot, scheme; to try an expedient,
serve, worship, reverence, adore. &c., to adopt a measure.
S ups, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), S apya, s.m. Destruction; death;
Serving; worshipping;a worshipper; a injury; loss:adj. Injurious, destructive.
devotee. S upyak, adj. Contriving,
H ups [S. ], adj. & s.m. remedying, &c. (see upy):s.m. (f. -ik),
(f. -in), Fasting, hungry;one who observes a Contriver, schemer; helper.
fast.ups-pan, To lie down fasting, go to S upyan, s.m. An interview;
bed hungry.
present made at an interview.
S upsya, adj. & s.m. (f. -),
S upy, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
Worthy of service, reverence, or worship;an
Contriving, resorting to expedients, remedying;
object of reverence, &c.
expert in the use of means;an expert in
S apraya, adj. (f. -), Helpless, devising, &c.
destitute, without shelter:s.m. Refuge, H apabd = apavd, q.v.

14
H apabd = apavd, q.v. S apath, s.m. Absence of a road; a
H apabitr = apavitra, q.v. wrong path; error.
S apathya, adj. (f. -),
H apabitrat = apavitrat,
Unwholesome; indigestible.
q.v.
H apatiy [S. ++], adj.
H apabas = apava, q.v.
Faithless, treacherors.
H upaban (S. upavana), s.m. A
H apatiyr [S. ++]
grove; an artificially planted wood; a garden.
, adj. (f. -), Faithless, treacherous.
S apabhsh, s.f. Low, vulgar, or
S apatya, s.m. Offspring; descendant;
obscene language.
race; a patronymical affix.apatya-dharmma,
S apabhra, = s.m. Duty to offspring; the duty of offspring to
H apabha, s.m. Common or their progenitors.apatya-vak-sangy, s.f.
vulgar language, ungrammatical speech. (in Gram.) A patronymic noun.
H apabha, = S patya, adj. Relating to offspring;
(in Gram.) relating to the formation of
S apabhra, s.m. Common or patronymic nouns.
vulgar language, ungrammatical speech. S apau, adj. Awkward, uncouth;
S apabhaya, s.m. Fear; fear of unskilled, incapable; ineloquent; sick, diseased.
oneself. H apaak [S. ++], adj. & s.m.
S upaptak, s.m. A crime or sin (f. -), Having the hands and feet useless,
in the second degree (one that can be expiated), crippled; paralytic;a cripple paralytic.
such as killing a cow, selling a daughter, H upan (corr. apan) = uban,
atheism, &c.
q.v.
S upapati, s.m. A paramour; a
H upan = uban,
gallant; one who keeps a woman to whom he is
not married. and uban, qq.v.
S upapatti, s.f. Proof, demonstration. H upan [S. +, but
cf. uban and ubaln], v.n. To run over,
H apat [S. + or ], adj.
overflow, be excessive; to fall off, be wasted; to
Disgraceful, disreputable; wicked:s.f. be removed, to be taken away:upa jn,
Disgrace, &c. Idem.
H apati, s.f. Disrepute, dishonour, H uphan = uban, q.v.
disgrace.
H upahn (connected
S pat (cf. P. fat), s.f. Accident,
with upan), v.n. To be tired, to be sick or
misfortune, calamity, disaster, evil, danger, weary of a business.
trouble, adversity.pat-kl, s.m. A season of
trouble or distress. H upaj [S. + ], s.f. Produce, crop,
S pta, adj. (f. -.), Authentic, true, product, yield; original idea, invention; power
of perception or thought; flight of fancy; wit;
trustworthy. anything spoken or sung extempore; the burden
S patti, s.f. pat, q.v. of a song, the chorus; variations in music.
S pt, s.f. A quotient; an equation of a H upjn (caus. of upajn), v.t. To
degree. cause to grow, to produce, cultivate; to create;
S upatp, s.m. Heat, warmth; pain, suggest (an idea); to fabricate, invent.
trouble, misfortune; sickness, disease; haste, H upj` [caus. rt. upj+S.
hurry. aff. ], adj. Fertile, productive, rich.
S aputra, s.m. (f. -), A bad son, an H upjyak [upj+ +], adj. &
undutiful child:adj. & s.m.=the next, q.v. s.m. (f. -ik), Producing, creating;a producer,
S aputraka, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik or - &c.
k), Without a son, without offspring;a H upajit (an irr. form. of the Hind;
childless person. the S. form is upajta), part. adj. (f. -),
S apativrat, s.f. An unchaste Produced; engendered; propagated.
wife or woman, a courtezan.

15
H upajatan, s.m. Preparation; S upadaran, s.m. A
exertion. commentary.
H apajas [S. + ], s.m. S upadrav (also, in H. upadro,
Disgrace, dishonour, ignominy, infamy. and upadrau), s.m. A natural phenomenon
H apajas, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), considered as a portent; a portent, a sudden
Disgraceful, infamous; a disreputable person. calamity; commotion, disturbance, tumult,
H upajn [upaj = rebellion; violence, outrage, excess, injustice,
tyranny, oppression, wrong, injury; insult.
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. +], v.n.
S upadrav, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
To grow, be produced, spring up, shoot, sprout;
Portentous; turbulent, violent, factious,
to be born; to originate; to exist, be, have being;
rebellions; unjust, tyrannical, oppressive:a
to happen, to become visible, to appear; to
turbulent person; a tyrant, an oppressor.
occur (to the mind), to be suggested, spring up
(in the mind). H upadr = upadrav, q.v.
H upjanhr [S. + +], (cf. upaddar.)
adj. Fertile, &c.= upj`, q.v. S upada, s.m. A relish; flavour;
S upajvik, s.f. Means of anything to excite drinking or appetite;the
venereal disease.
support, livelihood, subsistence.
S upadwp, s.m. A peninsula.
S upajvan,
s.m.= upajvik. S upadhtu, s.m. An inferior
S upajv, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), mineral, a semi-metal (e.g. pyrites, sulphate of
copper, talc, antimony, red orpiment, yellow
Dependent, living by or on; a dependent.
orpiment, calx of brass);secondary secretion
H apa = apaksh, q.v. of the body (such as milk, menses, adeps,
S upar, s.m. Service, attendance; sweat, teeth, hair, lymph).
remedy; proceeding, practice, usage; S upadhn, s.m. That upon which
profession; the practice of medicine; a present; one rests; a pillow, bolster, cushion;affection,
a bribe. kindness;religious observance or obligation;
S upar, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), poison.
Attending, serving, &c.;a servant. H upadp [S. + ], s.m. A
S apuh, adj. (f. -), Tail-less. peninsula.
S apuh, s.f. The tree Dalbergia S upade, s.m. Advice, counsel,
sisn. exhortation, admonition, instruction, preaching,
sermon; direction; suggestion.upade karn,
H aphar, s.f.= apsar, q.v. v.t. To counsel, exhort, &c.
S apaaya, s.m. Loss, detriment, S upadesh, s.m. (f. -tr), An
waste. adviser, a teacher; a spiritual guide.
S pad, s.f. Misfortune, calamity, &c. S upadeak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik),
(= pat, q.v.).pad-grasta (=P. fat- Instructing, instructive, didactic;adviser,
girifta), part. adj. (f. ). Involved in calamity or instructor, admonisher, preacher.
misfortune, unfortunate. H upaden, v.t.=upade karn,
S pad, s.f.= pad.apad-yukta, q.v. s.v. upade.
adj. (f. -). Beset with troubles or evils; S upade, adj. & s.m. (f. -in and -
dangerous, risky.
in), Advising, instructing;adviser, teacher,
S upad, s.f. A meeting; a present preacher.
made at an interview; a bribe. S apar, adj. (f. -), Another, other, a
H upaddar, s.m.= upadrav, q.v. second; following; inferior; posterior; opposite;
H upadar [S. +], s.m. western.aparaa, adv. Moreover.
Spectacles. S upar, upari, adv. & postpos.
S upadarak, adj. & s.m. (f. - (governing the inflected gen. masc.), Above,
ik), Door-keeping; a door-keeper; spectacles; a upon, on, over, on the outside (of); moreover,
wink. concerning, on account (of).
S aprpta, part. Unobtained.

16
S aprpti, s.f. Non-attainment, S aprabh, s.f. Absence of
non-acquisition. splendour; darkness; dulness.
S aprpya, part. adj. Unattainable. S upari-bhva, s.m. The being
H upr [S. ++], Lit. above or higher; eminence, exaltation, dignity,
high position.
'Standing on the other or opposite side'; the
west (cf aprauh). S aparip, s.f. Deviation from
S aparjit, part. adj. (f. -), established custom; bad course.
Not defeated; invincible; unerring. S apratp, s.m. Want of
S aparjit, s.f. The name of a brilliancy, or of acuteness, or power, or dignity,
or fortune; dulness; bluntness; meanness.
twining shrub, Clitoria ternatea (called
also koyal and kaww-hen, 'crow's-beak'). S apratp, adj. (f. -in), Dull;
H uparjn [S. +], v.t. blunt; powerless; unfortunate; undignified;
mean.
To create, produce, cause to grow or spring
forth, to cultivate. S apratibandh, s.m. An
S aparjay, s.m. Non-defeat; undisputed inheritance.
victory; invincibleness. S apratipatti, s.f. Disregard,
S aprn, adj. (f. -), Modern, disesteem.
recent. S apratishh, s.f. Want of
S apardh, s.m. Fault, crime, respectability, ill-fame.
transgression, guilt, offence; injury, wrong, S apratishhit, part. adj.
violence.apardh karn (-k), To commit an Disgraced, dishonoured, disesteemed; unknown
offence (against); to sin (against).apardh to fame, obscure.
lagn (-par, -ko), To impute a crime (to), to H aprataksh = apratyak
accuse, charge; to defame, slauder. sh, q.v.
S apardhak, adj. (f. -ik), S aprath, s.f. Deviation from
Pertaining to guilt. custom; secrecy.
S apardh, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), S apratihata, part. adj.
Guilty (of, -k); faulty, offending;offender, Uninterrupted, unhindered; unrepelled,
criminal, sinner. unimpaired, uninjured.
S uparg, s.m. Darkening; an S apratt, adj. Without credit or
eclipse; calamity; colour, painting. confidence; unfriended; unworthy of
H uprl, adv. Over, above. (See confidence.
next). S apratti, s.f. Want of
H uprl [S. ++, confidence or credit, mistrust; unfriendliness.
cf. upr], adj. (f. -), Upper, higher; S apratyaksh, adj. (f. -),
uppermost, highest; exterior, outer;s.m. being Imperceptible, invisible, not evident; not
by the side (of), taking the part (of):uprl present, absent; secret.
karn (-k), To take the part (of), to side (with),
S apratyay, s.m. Distrust, doubt,
help, support, protect; to take part (in)
officiously or obtrusively; to meddle, interfere. unbelief, disbelief, mistrust.
H uparnt [S. +], adv. S apratyay, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
& postpos. (governing the inflect. gen. masc.), Doubtful, mistrustful; sceptical;doubter,
After (of time); afterwards; over and above, sceptic.
besides:is-ke uparnt, adv. Thereupon. S apariit (vulg. aparit), part.
S apr, adj. (f. -in), Inanimate, adj. (f. -), Unconversant or unacquainted
lifeless. (with, -se); unknowable, unrecognizable;
unappreciable, intangible, indefinite.
H uprvar [S. ++ ],
S apraalit, part. adj. Not
adj. & s.m. (f. -in), Meddlesome, officious,
obtrusive; intrusive; quarrelsome, wrangling; current, not customary, not in vogue; obsolete.
a meddlesome person; a quarrelsome person. S apraa, adj. (f. -), Without
S aparhna, s.m. The third watch dignity;not strong, not violent, not
of the day; the afternoon. formidable.

17
H aparih, S aparimit, part. adj. (f. -),
s.f.= aparksh, q.v. Unmeasured, unlimited.
S apradhn, adj. (f. -), Not H uparn [S. ?] s.m. A
chief, subordinate; powerless; little; mean. covering worn loosely over the shoulders; a
H apars [S. +], s.m. The state scarf.
of a Hind after bathing previous to worship or S aparaa, adv. Moreover,
to eating, during which it is unlawful for him besides, further, also. (See apara.)
to touch any one. H uparw`-
H apras (perhaps a corr. of
tarw` [v.n. from caus. from +v.n. from
A. abra; but see the preceding), s.m.
Leprosy. caus. from rt. ], s.f. Surfeit; mort de chien,
S uparas, s.m. A secondary mineral, cholera morbus.
as red chalk, bitumen, &c.; a secondary passion H uprauh [S. ++],
or feeling; a subordinate flavour. adj. (f. -), Upper, higher; uppermost, highest.
S aprasd, s.m. Disapprobation, uprauh koh, An upper room.
disfavour. S uparodh, s.m. Obstacle,
S aprasd, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), impediment; disturbance; injury;partiality;
protection, support, favour, kindness.
That which is not presented to the Deity.
S uparodhan, s.m. Obstruction,
S aprasiddh, adj. (f. -), Not
impediment, obstacle.
celebrated; unknown; obscure; hidden.
aprasiddha-kartrika, s.m. (in Gram.). The S uparodh, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
passive voice. Obstructing, impeding; disturbing;
S aprasanna, adj. (f. -), impediment, obstacle, &c.
Displeased, dissatisfied; disagreeable; H uparau, =
unfavourable (to), averse (to); ungracious. H uparauh, [S. + +
S aprasannat, s.f. = , the towel being used to cover the body],
S aprasannatwa, s.m. A towel or cloth for wiping the body:
s.m. Displeasure, dissatisfaction, disfavour. adj. Superficial. (This and a number of other
S aprasannatwa, s.m. = words seem to point to a Braj form =).
S aprasannat, H uparauh, =
s.f. Displeasure, dissatisfaction, disfavour. H uparau, [S. + +
S apurush, adj. Unmanly, , the towel being used to cover the body], s.m.
efleminate; impotent. A towel or cloth for wiping the body:adj.
S aprak, adj. (f. -), Not Superficial. (This and a number of other words
visible, not manifest or evident; hidden, secret, seem to point to a Braj form =).
private.
S uparohit, s.m. Chief priest of
S apraka, adj. (f. -),
a Hind temple.
Unmanifested; not apparent.
S aprav, adj. (f. -), Unskilful;
H uparl [S. +], adj. (f. -),
inexperienced; stupid.
Outer; upper; exterior; superficial;s.m. the
S apravat, s.f. Want of
surface (cf. uprl).
experience; unskilfulness; stupidity.
S apram, adj. (t. -), Without
H upar and upr, adj. Upper, outer,
proof; untrue.
&c. (= pr, q.v.).upar man-se kahn,
S apramik, adj. (f. -),
To say what is not one's real thought or feeling.
Unauthentic, without authority.
S apriya, adj. (f. -), Unloved,
S apramya, s.m. Want of
disliked, hated; unlovable; unloving, unfriendly.
proof or of authority.
S aprti, s.f. Unfriendliness, dislike,
S aparampr, adj. (f. -),
enmity, hatred.
Boundless, infinite.
S aparksh, s.f. Want of trial or
proof, an insufficient trial of anything.

18
H aprail (corr. from the English), S apasmr, s.m. The falling
s.m. April. sickness, epilepsy.
S aprem, s.m. Want of love, dislike, H upasn, v.n.= ubasn, q.v.
enmity, hatred. s upasavya, s.m.The right side or
H -pan (also a-pan, and n- half of the body,the right:
pan, from n and pan, qq.v.), To come to adj.opposite.contrary.
pass, come to hand; to come unexpectedly or H push, s.m.= psha, q.v.
suddenly; to fall suddenly (upon, -par).
S upastra, s.m. Sciences
H upan, v.n. To be rooted out,
connected with or derived from the stras.
torn up, pulled or plucked out; to be skinned;
(see the tr. form upn); to come or rise up, to S upanta, adj. Calm, pacified,
appear; to be marked, impressed, imprinted appeased.
(with the mark of anything). S upanti, s.f. Tranquillity,
H apah, = calm;adj. Appeasing, allaying.
H apahe, = anpah, q.v. S upasnt, adj. and s.m. (f. -
H apahe, = in), Appeased, tranquil, calm; tame;one who
is calm or tranquil.
H apah, = anpah, q.v. S apaabd (vulg. apabd), s.m.
H pas [S. + , 'of self'], s.f. Wind broken backwards; a disagreeable sound;
Kindred, brotherhood, fraternity; fellowship: ungrammatical language; an unmeaning or
recip. pron. selves, each other, one another. jingling word appended to another (e.g. wn,
pas-dr (seedr), s.f. Kindred, &c.=pas: in pn wn:syn. tbi`).
pas-dr-k, and pas-k, adj. (f. -), Private, S apushpit, part. adj. Without
family (e.g. pas-k mu`ml, 'a private, or flowers (a tree or plant), that does not flower;
family, affair,' or 'an affair concerning our- or not in flower.
themselves').pas-me, adv. Among
H apash [S. + ], adj. (f. -),
themselves, with each other or one another,
together, mutually, in common, in concert: Hidden, secret; not clear; unintelligible.
pas-me rahn, To live together; to live S apush, part. adj. (f. -),
together as man and wife, to live in adultery; to Unnourished; lean;hidden, secret (=apash).
live apart from men and in unnatural S apaakun, s.m. Any unlucky
intercourse with one another (as certain women
in India do). omen or portent, a bad omen.
H upas (for ubas, S. +), s.f. S upaam, s.m. Patience, calmness.
Smell, stink; staleness, mustiness; putrefaction, H apak [S. +], adj. (f. -),
rottenness. Unripe, uncooked, raw, immature, imperfect.
H upsn = ubsn, q.v. H p-kj, v.s.v. p.
S upasth, s.m. The organs of S apakr, s.m. Hindrance;
generation of a man or woman; the anus; the detriment, injury, mischief; wickedness.
haunches; the legs; the arms. S upakr (vulg. upkr), s.m.
S upasthit, part. adj. Arrived; Favour, kindness, benefit, beneficence,
ready, present; at hand, near, impending. goodness; assistance; preservation,
upasthit karn, v.t. To summon; to present, &c. protection.upakrtha, adv. For the sake of, or
S apsar, s.f. A female dancer in with a view to, assistance, &c.upakr
the court of Indra; a nymph; a courtesan. karn (-k), To help, befriend, &c.
apsar-swar, s.m. The notes or echoes of S upakrak, s.m. (f. -ik),
the apsars. Helper; benefactor, friend; protector.
S upasarg (vulg. upsarg), s.m. A S apakr, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
portent, a natural phenomenon supposed to Injurious, mischievous; an enemy, injurer, &c.
forebode future evil; a disease, possession by an S upakr or upkr, adj. & s.m.
evil spirit; (in gram.) a particle prefixed to
roots, &c., a prefix; a preposition. (f. -in), Aiding, assisting; beneficent, good,
kind, friendly; philanthropic; helpful,
H apasakun = apaakun, subsidiary, subservient, serviceable;
q.v.

19
instrumental, conducive (to);helper, H upln [S. + rt. ],
benefactor, beneficent man, philanthropist.
v.n. To spring or jump up; to rise suddenly (as a
H apakkat, float after being pressed down under a fluid); to
vulg. apakt [S. ], s.f. Unripeness, rise above the surface (of water), to float.
rawness, immaturity. S plva, s.m. Pouring upon;
S apakrisha, adj. (f. -), Bad, bathing, ablution.
inferior, deteriorated. S upalipta, part. adj. (f. -),
S apakrishat, s.f. = Smeared, plastered.
S plut, part. adj. (f. -), Bathed,
S apakrishatwa,
sprinkled, washed:s.m. An initiated
s.m. Badness, vileness, inferiority,
householder.
deterioration; baseness, lowness, meanness of
rank. S apalajja [ neg.+,
S apakrishatwa, s.m. = rt. ], adj. & s.m. (f. -), Shameless,
S apakrishat, s.f. Badness, immodest, impudent;shameless or immodest
person.
vileness, inferiority, deterioration; baseness,
lowness, meanness of rank. S apalajj, s.f. Shamelessness,
S apakarm, s.m. Mean or impudence.
unworthy action; wickedness. S apalajj, adj. & s.m. (f. -
S upakram, s.m. Deliberate in),= apalajja, q.v.
commencement of an undertaking; beginning; H apalaha, =
undertaking, enterprise; stratagem. H upaloha, =
S upakara, s.m. The insignia of
H apalaha, Corr. of the
royalty;means, materials, implements; a
three following words, qq.v.
helping or assisting.
H upaloha, =
S apaksh, adj. (f. -), Without
wings; without assistance or protection. H apalaha, =
S apakalank, s.m. An indelible H apalaha, Corr. of the
disgrace. three following words, qq.v.
S apakrtti, s.f. Disrepute, H apalaha, =
dishonour, disgrace, infamy. apakrtti H apalaha, =
karn (-k), To defame, disgrace, &c.
H upaloha, Corr. of the
S upagat, part. adj. (f. -),
three following words, qq.v.
Approached, drawn near, attached (to);
obtained; promised; agreed. S apalaksha, s.m. A bad
S apagati, s.f. Ill-behaviour; omen, bad sign.
misdemeanour; ill-repute; evil plight, forlorn S upalaksha, s.m. A figure of
condition. speech; metaphor; synecdoche; elliptical
S upagati, s.f. Going near; expression.
approach. S apalaksha, adj. (f. -), Of
S upagrah, s.m. A prisoner, a man bad omen, ominous; unlucky; of suspicious
appearance.
or animal in confinement;encouragement;
favour; assistance. S plava, s.m. Bathing, ablution;
S upagam, s.m. Approach, diving, submerging (=plva, q.v.).
approximation; attachment; intercourse; H upl, s.f. dim. of upl, q.v.
agreement; promise. S upalep, s.m. =
S upal, s.m. Rock, stone; precious S upalepan, s.m. Anointing,
stone, jewel. smearing, plastering; plastering with cowdung.
H upl [S. 'a cake'+ dim. aff.] S upalepan, s.m. =
s.m. (f. -), Dried cakes of cowdung (used for
S upalep, s.m. Anointing, smearing,
fuel).
plastering; plastering with cowdung.

20
S upam, s.f. = same person as the subject of the verb);
personal, private, individual; peculiar:s.m.
S upamn (and upam), One's own kindred, relatives, friends, &c
s.m. Resemblance, similarity, likeness; apn apn, adj. (f. -), Each his own; respective;
counterpart, fellow; analogy; comparison; particular, special; individual:apn apn
simile, metaphor; that to which another thing is pan, To be keen each after his own interests
likened.upam-den (-se), To compare or affairs:apn apn jagah, Each in its proper
(with); to liken (to), &c. place; respective or assigned places:apn-
S upamn (and upam), s.m. = begna (or bigna), s.m. Relations and
strangers; friends and foes:apn-s muh le-
S upam, s.f. Resemblance, similarity,
kar, adv. With a face peculiarly blank, or
likeness; counterpart, fellow; analogy; foolish-looking, or expressive of shame
comparison; simile, metaphor; that to which (e.g. apn-s muh le-kar y, 'he came with a
another thing is likened.upam-den (-se), peculiarly blank expression, or an expression of
To compare (with); to liken (to), &c. shame on his face'):apn-s sab kuh karn,
S apamn, s.m. Disrespect, To do all in one's power:apne-se, On one's
disparagement, disgrace, dishonour; affront; own part or side:apn karn, or apn kar-
contempt.apamn karn (-k), To show len, v.t. To make (a person or thing) one's
disrespect (to); to despise, disgrace, &c. own; to appropriate to one's use, possess
S apamnit, part. adj. (f. -), oneself of, help oneself to; to usurp; to
embezzle; to gain an ascendency over (a
Disrespected, degraded, disgraced. person), win (a person) over to one's side,
S apamn, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), attach (a person) to oneself, make (another)
Dishonouring; despising; disgraced, one's creature:apn-karke, adv. As, or as
disreputable, dishonourable;a disreputable carefully as, one's own:apn karn bharn, To
person, &c. reap the fruit of one's own misdeeds, to reap
S apamnya, adj. (f. -), what one has sown:apne-ko mnn, To
worship self, think much of oneself, to be vain
Disreputable, dishonourable.
or proud:apn khl-me mast hon, To glory
H apamp = apanp, q.v. or revel in one's own means, to rejoice in one's
S upamiti, s.f. Resemblance, independence; to be indifferent to fortune, to be
likeness, image, picture; comparison, analogy; independent:apn kiy pn = apn karn
induction. bharn, q.v.apn gn, To sing one's own
praises, blow one's own trumpet, to egotize,
S apamrityu, s.f. Sudden or boast, brag; to be full of one's own affairs or
untimely death; death from some accident, and grievances, &c.:apne muh, adv. With one's
not from sickness or decay. own lips:apn nd son, To sleep as or when
H upamay = upam, and one pleases; to be one's own master; to be free
also= upameya, qq.v. from all care or anxiety:apne htho, adv.
S upameya, part. adj. To be With one's own hands:apne htho qabar
khodn, To dig one's own grave, be one's own
compared; comparable.
destroyer or enemy:apne htho kulh
H , , apan and appan, = mrn, To chop off one's own hand, be one's
H , pan and pun, (prov.) own destroyer or enemy:apn hon, To
= apn, q.v. become one's own; to become attached to one;
to become one's creature; to behave like a
H , pan and pun, = relation, act as one's own kindred.
H , , apan and appan, (prov.) H pn (prov.)= apn q.v.
= apn, q.v. H apnn (from apn), v.t. To
S panna, part. adj. (f. -) & s.m. make (a thing, &c.) one's own, to convert to
Coming to another for shelter; afflicted; one's use, &c. (=apn karn, q.v. s.v. apn).
obtained, acquired, gained;one who comes to S upanm, s.m. Title; family name,
another for shelter, a refugee.
surname; nickname.upanm-v-abd, s.m.
H apn [gen. of ;S. , acc. Any word indicative of a title or family name.
of , pronom. adj. (f. -), Of or belonging H upanm [S. +], adj.
to self, own (one's, his, &c.:apn is the Having the title of; surnamed; nicknamed.
uniform substitute for each and all of the
possessive pronouns when they refer to the

21
H apnyat [apn+ euph. S upanetra, s.m. Eye-glasses,
+=S. aff. ], s.f. Relationship, kinship; spectacles.
intimacy, friendship:family relations, S apuya, adj. & s.m. (f. -),
kinsfolk, kith and kin. Unclean, unholy; irreligious; void of merit;
H apap or apamp, wicked;unholiness; irreligiousness,
wickedness.
and apanp [apan, q.v.+p = S.
S apavd, s.m. Censure, blame,
aff. twa], One's self (used only in the acc. reproach; complaint, accusation; calumny.
e.g.) apap ban, to guard or protect S upavd, s.m. Censure, blame.
oneself.
S upavdit, part. adj. (f. -),
S apanth, s.m. Wrong road; bad
Censured, blamed, accused, complained
road; devious track; heresy.
against; forbidden.
S apanth, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
S apavd, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
Having lost one's way; devious, going astray;
Censuring, blaming, reproaching; complaining
heretical;one who has lost his way, wanderer;
against, accusing; slandering;complainer,
heretic.
accuser, plaintiff.
S upanishad, s.m. Sacred texts or
S upavd, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
extracts from the Vedas; the theological and
Censuring, blaming;censurer, &c.
argumentative parts of the Vedas.
S upavs, s.m. Fasting; a fast;
S panik, s.m. An emerald.
hunger, starvation.upavs karn, To fast.
H apang [S. +], adj. (f. -),
S upavs, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
Infirm (cf. apng).
Fasting, observing a fast;one who fasts.
H upang, s.m. A kind of musical
H apt = aputra and aputrak
instrument.
a, qq.v.also= ap, q.v.
S apanind, s.f. Reproach; abuse;
S apavitra, adj. (f. -), Unclean,
blasphemy.
unholy; impure, defiled.
S apanindak, s.m. (f. -ik),
S apavitrat, s.f. Uncleanness,
abuser; blasphemer.
impurity; unholiness.
H , apno, apnau, =
H ap, [S. +,] part. adj.
H pnau, pnau, (Braj)= apn, Purified; pure, unadulterated.
q.v. S apjak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik),
H pnau, pnau, = Irreverent, irreligious; not deserving reverence
H , apno, apnau, (Braj)= apn (a god), not deserving respect (a man);an
, q.v. irreligious person, &c.
S upanysa, s.m. Intrusting, S apjya, part. adj. (f. -), Not to
giving; pretext; declaration; precept, law; be worshipped or revered; unlawful or
prologue, tale. unsuitable as an object of worship.
S upanaya (vulg. upanya) = S upavidy, s.f. Profane science
(as opposed to sacred); inferior kind of
S upanayan, s.m. Bringing near; knowledge.
supplying; employing; initiation; the initiation H aprb = aprva, q.v.
of the three first classes of Hinds; investiture
with the sacred thread (com. called jane, q.v.) H aprb = aprv, q.v.
worn over the left shoulder and under the right. S apaurush, adj. (f. -), Unmanly,
S upanayan, = cowardly, effeminate; impotent;superhuman.
S upanaya (vulg. upanya) s.m. S apaurushya, s.m.
Bringing near; supplying; employing; initiation; Unmanliness; inhumanity, &c.
the initiation of the three first classes of Hinds; S apavarg, s.m. Completion;
investiture with the sacred thread (com.
liberation, deliverance; emancipation of the soul
called jane, q.v.) worn over the left shoulder
from the body and exemption from further
and under the right.
transmigration; final beatitude.

22
S apr, adj. (f. -), Not full,
incomplete;s.m. A fraction.apra-bht- H uphln = upn, q.v.
kl, s.m. (in Gram.) The past-imperfect tense:
apr-kl, adj. & adv. Premature, untimely; H uphn, [S. +v.n. from rt.
prematurely.
; cf. ], s.m. Ebullition; froth, foam;
S aprat, s.f. Incompleteness.
effervescence.
S upavaran, s.m. Minute
description. H aphr (from apharn), part.
S aprva, adj. (f. -), Unprecedented, adj. (f. -), Swollen, puffed out; filled to
unparalleled, unheard of, uncommon, overloading (the stomach); puffed up with
remarkable, extraordinary, wonderful; eminent; pride, elated, &c.aphr jn, v.n. To be or
new, strange. become glutted, cloyed, gorged, &c.; to be
S aprvak, adj. (f. -ik), Being puffed up with pride; to be elated.
unprecedented, &c.
H aphrn [ redund.+S.
S aprv, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
Unprecedented, &c. (=aprva, q.v.);an ], v.t. To feed (one) till his stomach
eminent or an uncommon person. swells, to cram, glut, satiate;to give one
H apavas, = (money, &c.) to his heart's desire:v.n. To
gorge, glut, &c.
S apava, adj. (f. -), Independent,
absolute, uncontrolled. H aphr`i, s.f. Surfeit, over-
S apava, = feeding, gorging; gluttony; distention of the
H apavas, adj. (f. -), Independent, stomach (from over-feeding); superfluity;
superabundance, &c. (see aphrn).
absolute, uncontrolled.
S psh, s.m. Tin.
S apahart, s.m. (f. -tr), Robber,
S upavish, s.m. A factitious plunderer, thief.
poison; a narcotic; a deleterious drug (as opium,
dhatra, &c.). S apahara, s.m. Carrying off,
S upavan, s.m. Grove; artificially plundering, robbing, stealing.
planted wood (see upaban).
S upavt, s.m. The thread worn by H apaharn (from the
the first three classes of Hinds over the left preceding), v.t. To carry off, plunder, steal, &c.
shoulder and under the right arm. (See jane.)
S upaved, s.m. A class of writings H apharn (neut. of aphrn,
(four in number) deduced from, and subordinate q.v.), v.n. To swell out, be distended (the
to, the four Vedas. stomach); to be satiated, gorged, overloaded
(the stomach); to become corpulent; to exceed
S upahr, s.m. Interview; bounds; to be puffed up with pride; to be
complimentary gift, present to a superior; unduly elated with success; to boast, swagger;
offering to a deity; adoration; religious to be or become very rich (cf. aphr jn):
exultation. aphar aln, v.n. To move or walk with a
S apahrak, s.m. (f. -ik), = S swaggering gait, to strut.
apahr, s.m. (f. -in), Plunderer, H aphariy [S. ], s.m. A
robber, thief. subdivision of the caste or tribe called ahr, q.v.
S aphal, adj. (f. -), Unfruitful,
S apahr, s.m. (f. -in), = S barren, unproductive, fruitless, unprofitable,
apahrak, s.m. (f. -ik), Plunderer, ineffectual, useless.
robber, thief. S aphalit, part. adj. (f. -), Not in
fruit.
S upahs, s.m. Laughter, fun, S aphalit, s.f. Barrenness,
sport; ridicule, derision.upahs karn (-k), unproductiveness.
To laugh (at), deride, ridicule, &c.

23
H -pahunn (from n and S upeksh, s.f. Neglect;
pahun, qq.v.), v.n. To come up to; to arrive. indifference; contempt; abandonment; trick,
H uphann (see v.n. uphn), v.n. stratagem, deceit (as one of the minor
expodients in war).
To boil up, to boil over; to bubble; foam, froth,
effervesce; to ferment; to turn bad (as milk,
&c.);to foam with rage, to fume.uphan S apekshit, part. adj. Expected,
jn, v.n.=uphann. waited (for), hoped (for); required.
S apahnav, s.m. Denial;
S apekshak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik),
concealment.
Waiting for, expecting;an expectant.
S ph [S. ], s.f. Opium.
H aphm (com. afm), [S. S apeksh, adj. & s.m. (f. -in) =
], s.f. Opium. apekshak, q.v.
S aphen, adj. Not frothy, without
H apekh [S. +], adj. (f. -),
foam.
Invisible, unseen.
H aphe [ redund.+S. ,
rt. ], adj. (f. -), Very puffed up; self- H upekh, s.f.= upeksh, q.v.
conceited, opinionated; obstinate. E apl, s.f. Appeal.apl karn, To
H ape (prov.)= p, q.v.ape-so appeal.
ape = p-se p, q.v. s.v. p. H apel [+rt. of , peln, q.v.],
adj. Not to be pushed out of the way;
H ap, = H ap, [S. immovable.
+], adj. (f. -), Without pain. S apn, adj. (f. -), Not fat, lean;
light.
H ap, = H ap, [S. S upayant, s.m. Husband, lord.
+], adj. (f. -), Without pain. S apnas, s.m. Dryness of the
nose; loss of smell; a cold.
S apaya (contract. of apayaas),
S upayog, s.m. Application;
s.m. Disrepute, disgrace, infamy.
employment, service, use; suitableness.
S upayog, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
S apaya, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
Useful, suitable;a useful person.
Disreputable, disgraceful, infamous;
unfortunate;a disreputable person, &c. H apy, part. adj. (f. -), Unfit to be
drunk; forbidden to be taken as drink (see next).
S upayukta, part. adj. (f. -), S apey, adj. & s.m. (f. -), Unfit to
Worthy, fit, proper, becoming, right; qualified; drink;forbidden liquor.
adapted to, suitable, appropriate.
S apyaya, s.m. Loss; destruction;
final absorption into the Deity.
S upayuktat, s.f. Suitableness,
fitness, &c. S ati, and at, adj. and adv. (used
chiefly as first member of compounds), Very
S apeksh, s.f. Consideration, much, very great; too great; very greatly,
excessively; too:prep. Beyond (in point of
regard, reference, relation; comparison; waiting, time and place):s.f. Excess, intemperance.
expectation, hope;postpos. (govern. gen. -k),
In reference (to), in respect (of), in comparison H ita, it [S. or ], adv. Here,
(with).apeksh rakhn (-k), To hope (for); hither:ita uta, adv. Here and there, hither and
entertain the desire (of); to look (to), have need thither; this side and that, to and fro.
(of); to need, require.apeksh karn (-k), To H uta, ut, adv. There, thither.
be in expectation or anticipation (of), to wait
(for), to expect; to hope (for).

24
S iti, adv. This much, thus much, so ascending and descending (scale); vicissitudes
(of fortune); variation, alternation of hope and
much;(at the end of a book, chapter, letter,
fear, or of loss and gain, or of good and evil,
&c.) finis.
&c.;shift, subterfuge, artifice, trick, fraud,
deception:utr-ah`o batn, v.t. To make
H t, = H t, [S. +], artful, wily, &c. suggestions; to cozen,
s.m. The custard apple, Annona squamosa or deceive:utr-ah`o den (-ko), Idem:
Reticulata. (Also written at). utr-ah`o karn, v.t. To practise shifts,
subterfuges, &c.; to plan, scheme; to cozen,
H t, = H t, [S. +], cheat:utr-sutr, s.m. Alleviation, relief,
ease, comfort; remedy; discharge, liquidation
s.m. The custard apple, Annona squamosa or (of a debt); fulfilment (of a vow, &c.).
Reticulata. (Also written at). H utr, s.m. Descent (to a river);
crossing, passage (of a river or defile); ford,
P at, s.m. Father:at-bak, at-bag (orig. ferry, wharf; ferriage; dismounting (of cavalry
at, 'father'+big, contr. of beg, 'lord'), s.m. to fight on foot); deduction, remission;
Master, tutor, teacher; a title given to kings and answer, reply (=uttar); copy, transcript,
prime-ministers. duplicate; fac-simile, counterpart; halting-place,
stage (of a journey), station (for travellers);
H t (imperf. part. of n, q.v.), offering (to evil spirits, esp. masn, placed at
s.m. One who comes, a comer; that which is the junction of cross-roads); delivering or
coming to or due, dues, unrealized debt; that freeing from demoniacal possession (by moving
with which one is conversant, what one is cooked rice, flour, &c. over the length of the
acquainted with, knowledge possessed:t- body of the possessed); the articles used in the
jt, s.m. (pl. te-jte), Traveller, way-farer; te- ceremony of dispossessing of an evil spirit;
jte, adv. Coming and going; there and back. removing (a sickness) by drugs or charmed
substances, (also) the substances employed for
H it [S. ], adv. Now, at this time, the purpose; ransom; self-devotion; land
presented to a temple; grant of land (by
at present. Government) at a quit-rent in return for services
rendered; house-rent;cast-off clothes, second-
H itt [S. ], adj. (f. -) & adv. This hand or worn things:utr utrn, v.t. To
much or many, &c. (= itn, q.v.). dispossess of an evil spirit by means of
the utr:utr karn (-par), To descend
H utt, adj. (f. -) and adv. That much or (to); to effect the passage (of a river, &c.); to
dismount (as cavalry, to fight on foot):utre-
many, &c. (see utn).
k jhop, s.m. A hut or shed for the
accommodation of travellers; (Met.) the world;
P at-bak, s.m. v.s.v. at
the body:utre-k ml, s.m. Warehoused
H att` = tat`, q.v. goods; second-hand goods, cheap things.
H utr [S. +, rt. ], s.m. Lit. H utr-ah`o,
'Transporting over or across;' ford, ferry; v.s.v. utr.
ferriage; descent, decline; declension; H utran, s.f. Descent; disgrace;
declination; incline, slope, declivity, down-hill;
fragment, &c. (see next, of which it is a verb.
a come-down, fall, disgrace, dishonour;
noun).
decrease, diminution, abatement, alleviation,
subsiding; decay; reduction, falling off, H utrn, [S. ], v.t. To cause to pass
depression, fall (of prices, &c.); ebb-tide, low- over, to convey over or across, transport over,
water; down-stream;alms, charity, expiation ferry across, land; to cause to descend or alight;
by alms or offerings of a violated oath; copy, help to dismount; to bring down, take down,
duplicate (=utr):adj. The lowest, least, take off, remove, put away (from, -se); to tear
most inferior (of,se, e.g. Singro-me jo off, strip off, cut or break off (a portion of
sab-se hai woh utr):utr-ah`o, s.m. anything); to lower, depress, abase, render vile,
Descent and ascent, undulation (of land), ups unclean or impure; to cast down, dethrone; to
and downs (of a road, or of fortune); decrease cast out, expel (an evil spirit); to draw down
and increase, rise and fall, fluctuation (of prices, and confine (an evil spirit, in, -me); to remove,
&c.); remission and exacerbation (of fever, or free from (fever, intoxication, &c.); to quit
anger, intoxication, &c.); ebb and flow (of a oneself of (a debt, obligation, oath, vow, &c.);
tide); higher and lower notes (of music); to make a recompense or return; to unload,

25
discharge (cargo, &c.); to disembark; to lodge, To make haste, to hurry, &c.; to be hasty, rash,
put up (a traveller); to throw aside, cast off precipitate, &c.
(shame, &c.); to draw off (liquor); to make a H utwal, adj. (f. -) & s.m.
channel (for water to flow down or off); to let
Swift, quick, speedy; precipitate, hasty, rash;
down, lay (in a grave); to loosen the strings of,
uneasy, fidgety, restless, impatient:a hasty
unstring (a guitar, &c.); to uncock (a gun); to
person, one who hurries, &c.
vent (rage or spleen, on, -par); to extract
(colour); to dispense, distribute, allot H utwal, s.f.= utwal, q.v.
(sustenance); to send down (a prophet, or a gift, H at` [S. +], s.m. One
from heaven):utr jn, v.t. To swallow or who plays on an instrument, or sings, or dances
gulp down:utr den, v.t. To deprive of gratis. (In Western India the word signifies
honour, disgrace, degrade, dethrone; to lower in a self-taught singer, musician, &c.; and also
the regard (of, -se); to put to shame, cause to self-taught singing, &c.)
blush; to put out (of caste); to put out, dislocate
(a limb or bone:In most instances, H tty and tt` = taty,
however, utr den is identical with, or slightly q.v.
intensifies, the verb utrn):utr ln, v.t. H atibr [S. +], adv.
To take off; take down, pull down; to take out, Frequently, very frequent.
remove, rub out (colour, &c.;cf. utrn, of A atb` (pl. of or ), s.m. Followers,
which utr ln is an intensive form):utr dependants.
len, v.t. (Intensive of utrn, q.v. for other A itb` [inf. n. iv. of ], s.m. Inducing to
senses), to take down, enter, insert, record (in, - follow following, obeying; obedience.
me):utre hu`e, and utre ho, part. adj. & A ittib` [inf. n. viii. of ], s.m. Following,
adv. Dismounted; alighting, on foot; engaged obeying; obedience, allegiance, fidelity (=
with desperate resolution in any enterprise; tbi`-dr, q.v.).
determined, desperate (a metaphor taken from S atibakt, s.m. (f. -tr), A great
cavalry dismounting to fight on foot with a
determination to conquer or die). talker.
H utr [S. ++], adj. S atibal, adj. & s.m. Very
Descending, sloping, inclining, declivous; powerful;great strength.
stooping, lowering (oneself); bent upon, S atibhr, s.m. A very great or
determined; ready for:utr hon (-par), To excessive burden.
descend, incline, stoop (to); to be ready (for); to H atibel [S. +], adv.
engage or embark (in).
Frequently; very frequently, or often;adj.
H itl [S. + ], adv. At this Much, excessive, unlimited.
time, now, at present (= it). S tap, s.m. Heat of the sun;
T P atlq (prob. rel. to ' father'), s.m.
sunshine, sunbeams.
Private tutor, preceptor.
T P atlq, s.f. Private tuition; S utpt, s.m. Portent, phenomenon;
education;preceptorship, tutorship. distress; confusion; violence, injustice; injury,
H utn, = S uttn, Adj. (f. - mischief.utpt karn, To do wrong, violence,
&c.; to contend; to be insolent; to answer,
), Lying on the back; lying supinely on the
retort.
broad of the back (syn. it); inverted, upside
down (a vessel, &c.:syn. aundh); shallow; S atiptak, s.m. A heinous sin, a
rough, rugged; conceited, proud (Lit. "having great crime.
the face upwards"). S atiptak, adj. & s.m. (f. -
S uttn, = H utn, Adj. (f. - in), Guilty of a very great or heinous sin or
), Lying on the back; lying supinely on the crime; very guilty;a criminal.
broad of the back (syn. it); inverted, upside S utpt, adj. (f. -in), Violent,
down (a vessel, &c.:syn. aundh); shallow; destructive, &c. (see utpt).
rough, rugged; conceited, proud (Lit. "having
the face upwards"). S utpan, s.m. Plucking out,
H utn, adj.= uttn, q.v. eradicating, &c. (see upn).
S utpdak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik),
H utwal [S. , rt. ] , s.f.
Causing, originating, producing;originator,
Haste, hurry, quickness, speed, despatch;
father; a certain fabulous animal with eight legs.
precipitancy; eagerness, impatience;
restlessness, fidgetiness:utwal karn, v.n.

26
S utpdan, s.m. Producing, S tithya, adj. & s.m. = S
creating. titheya, adj. & s.m. Attentive to a
S atipn, s.m. Excessive drinking, guest, hospitable; proper for a guest;
inebriety; a drunkard. hospitality:tithya karn (-k), To show
S utpatti, utpatt, s.f. Origin, hospitality (to):tithya-kr, s.m. (f. -in), A
hospitable person; a host.
production, birth, springing up; rise; title of the
book of Genesis:utpatti-sambandh, s.m. (f. -
in), Anything relating to origin:utpatti- S titheya, adj. & s.m. = S
sak, s.m. An epithet of the Supreme as the tithya, adj. & s.m. Attentive to a
originator of creation:utpatti karn, v.t. To
guest, hospitable; proper for a guest;
create, produce, originate, &c.
hospitality:tithya karn (-k), To show
S uttapta, adj. (f. -), Anxious, hospitality (to):tithya-kr, s.m. (f. -in), A
excited. hospitable person; a host.
S atiparkram, adj. & s.m.
Very strong;great strength. S atitksha, adj. (f. -),
S utpreksh, s.f. Indifference, Sharp, hot acrid; very pungent.
carelessness; (in Rhet. & Poetry) comparison;
illustration. S atijgar, adj. Very wakeful;
S utpal, s.m. A species of blue lotus, restless:s.m. The black curlew.
Nympha cerulea; a certain plant (Costus).
H atijog [S. +], adj.
S utpann, part. Sprung, originated,
(f. -), Very worthy.
produced, born, risen, resulted, gained;s.m.
Origin, creation, production, birth, rise,
appearance; produce; proceeds; profit, gain: S atijra, adj. (f. -), Very old,
utpann karn, v.t. To create, produce, &c.: decayed.
utpann hon, To be produced, come into being,
be born, &c.; to arise, result, occur. S atir, s.m. The rapid motion
H atatth, s.m. = S of a planet from one side to another.
taty, s.m. (f. -in). Felon; thief;
A itted [inf. n. viii. of ], s.m. Union,
incendiary; ravisher; murderer; one who does concord, intimate friendship; combination,
any grievous wrong:atatth karn, To league, compact, treaty.
commit a grievous wrong; to spoil, rob, &c.; to
transgress, exceed bounds; to exaggerate.
S atidn, s.m. Munificence,
S taty, s.m. (f. -in). = H
liberality.
atatth, s.m. Felon; thief;
incendiary; ravisher; murderer; one who does S atidh, s.m. Great heat; violent
any grievous wrong:atatth karn, To inflammation.
commit a grievous wrong; to spoil, rob, &c.; to
transgress, exceed bounds; to exaggerate.
S atidurgat, s.f. Great
S atithi (and atitha), s.m. Guest; difficulty or distress.
stranger; a person entitled to hospitality:
atith-pl or plak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik), S
atidushkar, adj. Very
Hospitable;a host:atithi-satkr, s.m.
Hospitable treatment or reception of a guest; difficult.
hospitality:atithi-sew, s.f. Attention paid to
a guest, hospitality:atithi-sewak, adj. & s.m. S atidr, s.m. A great distance:
(f. -ik), Attentive to guests; a host:atithi- adv. At a great distance, afar off.
l, s.f. A house or apartment for the
accommodation or entertainment of travellers S atidosh, s.m. A great fault or
or visitors:atithi-kriy, s.f. Hospitality as
(religiously) due to a guest. crime.

H atath, adj. (f. -), Powerless;

S atidn, adj. Very poor or needy,
without authority.
very distressed, very miserable.

27
 characteristics of a reply or defence (which are,
S atra, adv. Here, in this place. 1 That it be applicable to the whole charge: 2
That it be maintainable by law: 3 That it be not
equivocal or evasive: 4 That it be consistent
S tur, adj. (f. -), Hurt, wounded, with itself: 5 That it be perspicuously
grieved; affected, suffering, sick, diseased, expressed).uttarottar (ra+ut), adv. More and
distempered; impelled; agitated, restless, more; higher and higher; further and further;
impatient; hasty, precipitate; quick, active, s.m. Reply to an answer, rejoinder.uttara-
ready, prepared. (In these last senses the word vart, adj. (f. -in), Existing in the north;
would appear to be connected with the S. northern.
.]
S uttar, adj. (f. of uttar), Northern,
H itar [S. ?] part. adj. Apprized,
northerly; to the north;s.f. North wind,
cautioned, warned; on one's guard, &c. The
Boreas.
word is only met with in the phrase itar
jn, To be apprized, &c.; to suspect. (Cf.
t jn.) H utr (from utarn), part. adj.
H itar (v.n. of itrn, q.v.), adj. Worn, aged, faded; dismissed from office;
degraded, disgraced, &c.utr shahna mardak
Walking or acting affectedly; strutting; nm, prov. A dismissed superintendent of
affected; playful, wanton, coquettish; giving police is styled (or considered) a nobody, 'out of
oneself airs, pompous, ostentatious, place out of grace.'
consequential, conceited, proud, haughty,
arrogant:s.f. Affectation, airs, conceit, &c.
S uttardhikr; For
S uttara, uttar [compar. from ], adj.
compounds of which uttara or uttar is the first
(f. -), & s.m. Farther; posterior; last; lofty; member, v.s.v. uttara.
upper; surpassing, superior; more powerful;
excellent; best; left (not right); answering; A atrk (pl. of turk), s.m. Tartars;
succeeding, subsequent; future; northerly: Tartar, Turcoman.
answer, defence; superiority; power; arrival; the
north; consequence; (in arith.) difference.
H itrn [S. +], v.n. To
uttardhikr (i.e. ra+adhi), s.m. Inheritance,
succession:uttardhikr, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), exult greatly or unduly (by reason of, -par,
Inheriting, succeeding;heir, successor. wealth, success, &c.); to behave with pride, or
uttarrdh (ra+ardha), s.m. Latter half (of a self-conceitedness, or boastfulness, or
book, &c.), last part; upper part (of the body); arrogance, or insolence; to give oneself airs (by
northern part; further end.uttarshha, s.f. reason of), to be conceited or vain or
The twenty-first Nakshatra or lunar mansion, supercilious; to act affectedly or coquettishly; to
figured by an elephant's tooth or a bed, and strut, swagger, show off.
containing two stars, one of which is
Sagittarius.uttaryana (ra+ay), s.m. The H utrn (caus. of utarn,
sun's progress to the north of the equator, &=utrn) v.t. To cause to be taken off or
northing; the summer-solstice.uttara-bhdra- down; to cause to be pulled down (in these
pad, s.m. The twenty-sixth lunar mansion, senses utarwn is the common form);
figured by a couch, and comprehending two to boil up or over; to froth, foam; to rest on the
stars, one of which is Andromed.uttar- surface (of a liquid), to float:s.m. A floating
paim (orpahim, or paham), adj. & s.m. body; a float.
north-west; the north-west:uttar pahim
H uttarwan, s.m. A place to
hav, s.f. north-west wind; trade-wind.uttara-
phalgun (or phlgun), s.f. The twelfth lunar which fish throng.
mansion, figured by a bed, and containing two H uttarh, = H
stars.uttar-dy (or-d`), adj. & s.m. (f. -in), uttary, adj. (f. -), Northern; appertaining to
answering;one who gives a reply.uttar- the North.
di, s.f. Northerly direction; the north.uttar-
kr, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), making answer;one H uttary, = H
who replies.uttar-k, s.m. The title of the uttarh, adj. (f. -), Northern; appertaining to
seventh and last section of the Rmyan. the North.
uttara-kha, s.m. The concluding book of the H utr`, s.f. Coming down,
Padma-Pura, and of the iva-Pura;adj. alighting; requital, return; price paid for
Of Northern India.uttara-lakshaa, s.m. The carrying or conveying over (a river, bridge,

28
&c.), ferriage, toll; decline of life; discharge (of fall off, wane, fade, decay, decline; to become
a debt, &c.); draft, cheque, order (for payment old and worn, become wan or pale or thin; to
of money):adj. Quit of (an obligation, debt, fall (in price, value, estimation or dignity); to go
vow, &c.); grateful, thankful:utr` hon, To down or off, sink, pass off (as fever,
be grateful or thankful, &c. intoxication, &c.); to be delivered or freed
H itry, adj. (f. itr`), (from debt, an obligation, an oath, a vow,
possession by an evil spirit, &c.); to halt,
Conceited, vain, consequential, supercilious,
encamp (in or on, -me); to take (to, -par); to
proud, haughty, arrogant; strutting; affected;
come out, turn out to be, to prove; to vary,
playful, wanton, coquettish.
change: (for other meanings see utar-
H atarpl, s.m. Land that is left jna below).utar-pan (-me, -par), v.n. To
uncultivated. alight or settle (at or upon), to descend, come
S atarpit, part. adj. (f. -), down; to fall (on or upon); to put up (in or at),
to halt (at a place, on a journey).utart d,
Unsatisfied; dissatisfied.
s.m. The waning moon; the wane of the
S atripta, part. adj. (f. -), moon.utar-jn (=utarn in most of its
Unsatisfied; restless, uneasy. meanings), v.n. To have got beyond (-se)
S atripti, s.f. Inability to be middle age, to be growing old; to become
faded, dim (as colour); to become pallid or
satisfied, insatiableness. emaciated or drawn (the face); to become
H aturt, = H insipid or flat; to be displaced or dislocated (a
aturt`, [S. ] s.f. Despatch, speed, bone); to be taken down, pulled down,
demolished; to pass away, die.
activity, fleetness; haste, hurry.aturt` karn
H utrang [S. +], s.m. A
(-me), To act hastily (in), &c.
wooden arch surmounting a door; the lintel of a
H aturt`, = H door.
aturt, [S. ] s.f. Despatch, speed, H utarwn (caus.
activity, fleetness; haste, hurry.aturt` karn of utrn), v.t. To cause to be brought
(-me), To act hastily (in), &c. down, to be lowered, to be pulled down; to
cause to be taken off, &c. (Seeutrn.)
H atarso [S. ++ , cf. S atirog, s.m. Consumption.
parso], adv. The day after to-morrow, &c. H utrahr (orig. uttarahr), s.f.
(= tarso, q.v.).
North wind (cf. uttarh).
H itri-phal [S. +], s.m.
S atirikta, part adj. (f. -),
An electuary composed of three sorts of
Surpassing, exceeding; in excess (of, -se); in
myrobalans with coriander seed and honey
addition (to, -se), besides.
(commonly tirphal).
H utran, s.f. A medicinal lactescent
H uttary [S. ], s.m. An
plant, Cynanchum extensum. (Also
upper or outer garment.
written utrang in Western and Southern India.)
H utta [S. +], s.m. Placing one
H utran (v.n. from utarn), s.f. A
thing over another.
coming out (of), being freed (from); anything
taken off from the body, worn-out or cast-off H at, s.f.= ati, q.v.
clothes; a fragment.utran hon (-se), To be S atisr, s.m. Dysentery;
freed (from), quit (of), out (of debt). (See next.)diarrha.
S utrin, adj. (f. -), Freed from S atisrak, s.m. (f. -in), One
obligation, out of debt. who is afflicted with dysentery.
H utarn [utar = S atisr, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. +], v.n. To Purgative; affected with dysentery;A person
pass over or across, go across; to come down, who is affected with dysentery.
descend, alight, land, disembark, dismount; to S utsh, s.m. Joy, gladness,
make one's appearance (in, -me, a place, or on pleasure; labour, effort, perseverance, energy,
a scene); to come into the world, have being, be fortitude.
born; to be incarnate; to be revealed; to be taken
down, lowered, reduced, disgraced, degraded, S utsh, adj. (f. -in), Joyous,
deposed, dethroned; to decrease, abate, subside, rejoicing; energetic, persevering.

29
S utsarg, s.m. Abandoning, beautiful person:tish-kada, s.m. Furnace;
grate; chimney; fire-worshippers' temple:
resigning; giving; consecrating; a rule or
tish-mizj, adj. Of a fiery disposition, hot-
precept.
tempered, passionate, &c. (=tish-tab`):tish-
S atisanaya, s.m. A great nk, adj. Fiery, hot.
accumulation; a hoard. P tish-afrza;For compounds of
S utsang, s.m. The lap; the slope of which tish is the first member v.s.v. tish.
a mountain; a roof. H utab, s.m.= utsav, q.v.
S utsav, s.m. Public demonstration of P tishak, s.f. The venereal disease,
joy, rejoicing, festival; jubilee;impatience, syphilis.
wrath. S atiakta, adj. (f. -), Very
S ats, s.f. Flax, Linun powerful.
usitatissimum (cf. ts and als.) S atiakti, s.f. Great strength or
P tish [Pehl. tsh, tars; Z. tar; cf. power.
S. ], s.f. Fire, flame; anger, passion, S atiaktit, s.f. Heroic
rage:tish-afrza, s.m. A rocket:tish- valour, prowess.
afroz, adj. & s.m.f. Kindling fire; mischief- S atiay, adv. Very much,
making, seditious, factious;fuel; mischief-
maker, firebrand, incendiary:tish-afgan, adj. excessively, extremely.
Casting or throwing fire:tish-andz, adj. P tish, = P tishn, adj. Of fire,
Casting, or casting out, fire:tish-angez, adj. composed of fire (as the Jinn, &c.); fiery, hot,
& s.m.f. Kindling fire, spreading fire, stirring passionate, irascible, choleric:tish-`na,
up fire, &c. (=tish-afroz, q.v.):tish- s.m. A burning-glass; a glass digester in which
br (br, rt. of brdan, 'to rain'), adj. & s.m. herbs, roots, seeds, &c. are subjected to a sand
Raining fire; flaming; flery;a fire-lock; bath and macerated in the heat of the sun; a
glass retort:tish-shsha, s.m. Idem:tish-
tinder-box:tish-bz (bz, rt. of btan or
gol, s.m. A bomb-shell:tishn-b, s.m. Red
of bzdan, 'to play'), s.m. A maker of
fireworks, a pyrotechnist:tish-bz, s.f. wine:tishn-o, adj.=tish-mizj, q.v.
Fireworks:tish-pra, s.m. Spark, a lighted s.v. tish.
coal; a beautiful person; an exciter of P tishn, = P tish, adj. Of fire,
quarrels;adj. Quarrelsome:tish-parast, composed of fire (as the Jinn, &c.); fiery, hot,
s.m. A fire-worshipper, guebre, one of the sect passionate, irascible, choleric:tish-`na,
of the Magi, a disciple of Zoroaster:tish- s.m. A burning-glass; a glass digester in which
herbs, roots, seeds, &c. are subjected to a sand
parast, s.f. Fire-worshipping:tish-na,
bath and macerated in the heat of the sun; a
s.m. Fire-temple; fire-place; a park of artillery
glass retort:tish-shsha, s.m. Idem:tish-
(=top-na):tish-r, s.m. Fire-eater;
gol, s.m. A bomb-shell:tishn-b, s.m. Red
the bartavella or Greek partridge (=H. akor); a
wine:tishn-o, adj.=tish-mizj, q.v.
salamander:tish-dn, s.m. Any receptacle
s.v. tish.
for fire, fire-place, grate, chafing-dish,
brazier:tish-rez, adj. & s.m. Pouring out or S atit, adj. (f. -), Excessively
scattering fire;incendiary; fomenter of cold.
quarrels (=tish-afroz):tish-zadag, s.f. A ittif [inf. n. viii. of ], s.m.
Conflagration; setting fire to houses (whether Description; praise; qualification; excellence.
accidentally or by design), arson:tish-zan, A ittil [inf. n. viii. of ], s.m.
and -zana, s.m. Striking fire; that which strikes Conjunction, contact; contiguity,
fire; tinder; touchwood; anything combustible; neighbourhood; connection, adhesion, union,
a tinder-box with the flint and steel:tish- attachment.
zanag and -zan, s.f. The act of striking fire; A ittifq [inf. n. viii. of ], s.m.
also=tish-zadag:tish-istn, s.f. Region of Concurrence, agreement, accord,
fire; a place where fire abounds; a hot correspondence, coincidence; equality; union,
cannonade or musketry (in battle); a large fire; a unity, concord, harmony, unison, conformity;
funeral pile:tish-tab`, adj. Hot-tempered, amity, friendship, affection; similarity of
irascible, fiery, passionate:tish-fishn, adj. disposition; assent, consent; concert,
& s.m. Scattering fire;a volcano:tish- combination, confederation, conspiracy,
figan = tish-afgan, q.v.:tish-k parkl, collusion; probability, contingency, case, event;
s.m. Spark, flame, scintillation; a firebrand, an circumstance, incident, affair, particular;
incendiary; a very astute and wicked person; a opportunity; accident, chance, lot, fortune:
very active and energetic person; a very ittifq bann, v.n. To accord, agree together,

30
harmonize; to suit, be opportune or favourable;
to turn out well:ittifq pan, v.n. To happen,
chance, come to pass, occur, turn out, fall out,
betide; to arise; to ensue:ittifq rakhn (-se),
To be in accord (with); to be on terms of
intimacy, friendship, &c. (with); to live
peaceably together:ittifq-se, adv.
Concurrently, conjointly, together, in
conjunction with, in communication with; by
chance, accidentally, incidentally; occasionally,
rarely; scarcely:ittifq-se rahn = ittifq
rakhn, q.v.:ittifq karn, To accord, agree,
concur, unite; to form an intimacy or alliance
(with, -se), to harmonize (with); to combine,
conspire (against, -par); to co-operate:ittifq
hon, To be at accord, to agree, be agreed, be of
one mind, be in harmony (with, -se); to
correspond (to, -se); to growintimate, become
fast friends.
A ittifqa (Ar. acc. of ittifq), adv.
Accidentally, by chance; by the way,
occasionally, rarely; scarcely.
A ittifqt (pl. of ittifq), s.m. Accidents,
occurrences, events; ittifqt-i-
asana (and ittifq-i-asana), s.m. Agreeable
accidents or surprises; unexpected good fortune,
good luck.
A ittifq, = A ittifqya, adj.
Concurring, accidental, casual, occasional,
incidental.
A ittifqya, = A ittifq, adj. ), Regretting; missing; wishing; sorrowing for;
Concurring, accidental, casual, occasional,
incidental.
A ittiq [inf. n. viii. of ], s.m. Avoiding,
shunning, abstaining (from, -se); piety,
abstinence.
A ittiqf [inf. n. viii. of ], s.m.
Restraining one's senses; abstaining, fasting (as
in the month of Ramazn).
A atqiy (pl. of taq), adj. & s.m. Pious,
devout, righteous, virtuous, just;religious
men, devotees; the abstemious; the pious; &c.
H itak [S. +], adv. So much,
this much.
H atik [S. +, or ], adv. H atighin [S. +], s.f.
Much, excessively.
H tkr [S. + ], the seven ptlas or divisions of the infernal
s.m. (f. -in), A caste of silk-weavers in the
Deccan (dakkhan).
S atikl, s.m. Delay, long time. unfathomable:atal-lok, s.m. The infernal
S atikya, adj. & s.m. Of
extraordinary body or size, gigantic;a giant; a
certain rkshas.
S utka, adj. (f. -) & s.m.
Exceeding the usual measure, excessive;
abounding in; drunk; mad; furious; proud;
difficult;intoxication; pride; an elephant in
rut; Laurus cassia or its fragrant bark.
S utkarsha, s.m. = S
utkarshat, s.f. Elevation, exaltation,
eminence, excellence, superiority; distinction;
excess.
S utkarshat, s.f. = S
utkarsha, s.m. Elevation, exaltation,
eminence, excellence, superiority; distinction;
excess.
S utkrisha, adj. (f. -), Superior;
exalted; excellent, good.
S utkal, s.m. Thought, care; a
porter, one who travels with a burden or load; a
fowler; a name of the province of Orissa
(Urs).
S utkaha, adj. (f. -), Having
the neck uplifted; eagerly longing for;
regretting, missing.
S utkah, s.f. Longing for
anything; regretting; uneasiness, care, sorrow.
S utkahita, adj. & s.m. (f. -
regretful, sorrowful, uneasy;one who longs
after an absent love.
S atigupta, adj. (f. -), Closely
hidden or concealed, very secret.
S atigati, adj. & adv. Very
much, very great; too much; exceeding,
extreme, excessive, immoderate, exorbitant.
S atigarbbit, adj. (f. -),
Very proud, arrogant.
S atigandha, s.m. Lemon
grass, Andropogon schnanthus.
Intense disgust, abhorrence.
S atal (Lit. 'bottomless'), s.m. One of
regions; the portion immediately below the
earth:atal-spara, adj. (f. -), Very deep,
regions.
31
H atul, = S atulya, adj. (f. egotism, boasting, vanity:tma-krya, s.m.
One's own private affairs (see p-kj):tma-
-), Not weighed; not weighable; immeasurable;
ght, s.m. Self-destruction:tma-ght karn,
incalculable; unequalled; unequal; unparalleled.
To commit suicide:tma-ghtak, adj. & s.m.
S atulya, = H atul, adj. (f. (f. -ik), and tma-ght, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
-), Not weighed; not weighable; immeasurable; Committing suicide; suicidal; a suicide, self-
incalculable; unequalled; unequal; unparalleled. destroyer:tma-nm, s.m. (f. -in), Anything
self-evident:tma-vd, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
H utl = utwal, q.v. Speaking of self, or of soul; a mental
philosopher, psychologist:tma-vidy, s.f.
S atulit, part. (f. -), Not weighed;
The science of the knowledge of mind, or soul,
increased, risen, swollen. or self:tma-vishayik, adj. Appertaining to
H atla [S. +v.n. of rt. self or to spirit:tma-vikray, s.m. (f. -in),
One who sells himself:tma-hit, adj. (f. -),
= ], s.m. Darling, pet, spoilt child (=ll Benefiting oneself:tma-haty, s.f. Suicide
or ll). (=tma-ght):tma-han, and -hant = tma-
ght, q.v.
S uttam [superl. of ], adj. (f. -),
Uppermost, highest, supreme, chief, principal,
S tm, s.m.f. = S tma
first, most excellent, best, greatest; last; great;
high:uttam-purush, s.m. An excellent man, (used incomp. for tm) Soul; self; the
&c.; (in gram.) the first person. reasoning faculty; the mind; the understanding;
the body; the stomach; appetite:tm param
A atamm (compar. of ), adj. More, or most,
tm, s.m. The Supreme Spirit:tm han
perfect or complete. hon, v.n. To be gratified:tmrm, s.m. The
S tma (used in comp. for tm) = S all-pervading spirit of Rma:tm satn (-
tm, s.m.f. Soul; self; the reasoning k), To mortify the body; to cause pain (to), to
afflict, inflict pain (on):tm kalpn,
faculty; the mind; the understanding; the body; Idem:tma-buddhi, s.f. Self-knowledge; the
the stomach; appetite:tm param tm, s.m. knowledge of spirit:tma-bandhu, s.m. One's
The Supreme Spirit:tm han hon, v.n. own kinsfolk:tma-bodh, s.m. Knowledge of
To be gratified:tmrm, s.m. The all- the mind of soul; self-knowledge; self-
pervading spirit of Rma:tm satn (-k), consciousness:tm-bhimn, s.m. Self-
To mortify the body; to cause pain (to), to conceit, arrogance, haughtiness:tm-
afflict, inflict pain (on):tm kalpn, bhimn, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), Self-conceited,
Idem:tma-buddhi, s.f. Self-knowledge; the proud, haughty; selfish;a coxcomb, &c.:
knowledge of spirit:tma-bandhu, s.m. One's tma-plak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik), Self-
own kinsfolk:tma-bodh, s.m. Knowledge of cherishing;selfish person; self-supporting
the mind of soul; self-knowledge; self- person:tma-ja, adj. & s.m. (f. -), Born from
consciousness:tm-bhimn, s.m. Self- oneself;one's own offspring; child, son:
conceit, arrogance, haughtiness:tm- tma-jna, s.m. (f. -), One who knows self; one
bhimn, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), Self-conceited, who knows the Suprome Spirit:tma-jnn,
proud, haughty; selfish;a coxcomb, &c.: s.m. Knowledge of spirit; self-knowledge:
tma-plak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik), Self- tma-jnn, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), Knowing spirit
cherishing;selfish person; self-supporting or self;a mental philosopher; a
person:tma-ja, adj. & s.m. (f. -), Born from psychologist:tma-hidra, s.m. Cutting or
oneself;one's own offspring; child, son: destroying oneself:tma-deva, s.m. (f. -), and
tma-jna, s.m. (f. -), One who knows self; one tma-devat, s.f. Tutelar deity:tma-sukh,
who knows the Suprome Spirit:tma-jnn, s.m. One's own pleasure or happiness:tma-
s.m. Knowledge of spirit; self-knowledge: sandeh, s.m. Internal doubt:tma-sayam,
tma-jnn, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), Knowing spirit
s.m. Self-restraint:tma-sayam, adj. & s.m.
or self;a mental philosopher; a
(f. -in), Restraining self;one who practises
psychologist:tma-hidra, s.m. Cutting or
self-restraint; a stoical person:tma-akti, s.f.
destroying oneself:tma-deva, s.m. (f. -), and
Inherent power:tma-lgh, s.f. Self-praise,
tma-devat, s.f. Tutelar deity:tma-sukh,
egotism, boasting, vanity:tma-krya, s.m.
s.m. One's own pleasure or happiness:tma-
One's own private affairs (see p-kj):tma-
sandeh, s.m. Internal doubt:tma-sayam, ght, s.m. Self-destruction:tma-ght karn,
s.m. Self-restraint:tma-sayam, adj. & s.m. To commit suicide:tma-ghtak, adj. & s.m.
(f. -in), Restraining self;one who practises (f. -ik), and tma-ght, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
self-restraint; a stoical person:tma-akti, s.f. Committing suicide; suicidal; a suicide, self-
Inherent power:tma-lgh, s.f. Self-praise, destroyer:tma-nm, s.m. (f. -in), Anything

32
self-evident:tma-vd, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), disease; the sound of a drum or tabor:tank-
Speaking of self, or of soul; a mental baihn, To establish (or inspire) fear or awe.
philosopher, psychologist:tma-vidy, s.f.
The science of the knowledge of mind, or soul, S uttung, adj. (f. -), Tall, high,
or self:tma-vishayik, adj. Appertaining to
lofty.
self or to spirit:tma-vikray, s.m. (f. -in),
One who sells himself:tma-hit, adj. (f. -), H itnau (Braj.)= itn, q.v.
Benefiting oneself:tma-haty, s.f. Suicide
(=tma-ght):tma-han, and -hant = tma- H P utt [S. ?] s.m. Plaiting,
ght, q.v. puckering, crimping, gathering into ornamental
A itmm [inf. n. iv of ], s.m. Perfection, plaits or folds; marking;plaits or folds of
completion, accomplishment:itmm karn, cloth:utt bann or ban-den, v.t. To
v.t. To complete, perfect:itmm hon, v.n. To streak, mark, or wale (the body by beating), to
be completed, &c. turn (one) into a mass of wales (by severe
S tma-buddhi: for beating;e.g. mrkar utt banya uske-ta`,
'he beat him to a mummy'):utt karn or utt
compounds of which tma is the first member,
kar-den, v.t. To plait, pucker, crimp, &c.; to
v.s.v. tm.
streak or wale (the body by beating=utt
S uttamat, s.f. Excellence; super- bann); to make a fool of; to stupefy, besot; to
excellence; superiority; greatness; worth. overwhelm with raillery or abuse; to vilify,
disgrace, dishonour, bring into disrepute:
S tmik, adj. Appertaining to the
utt-kash, and utt-gar, s.m. One who plaits,
spiritual; belonging to self. &c., one who makes ornamental folds in
S tmikat, s.f. Identity, cloth:utt hon, To become silly, or stupid,
sameness. or stupefied, or besotted, &c.; to be disgraced,
to lose repute or character, to fall into disrepute.
S tmya (and H. also
tmiya), adj. & s.m. (f. -), Appertaining to H itau (Braj)= itt, q.v.
oneself, own, special, peculiar; related, cognate, P t, s.f.= tn, q.v.
akin;friend; kinsman; congener.
H itwr [S. +], s.m.
S atanu (and H. atan), Lit. Sunday.
'Bodiless';s.m. Kmdeva, the god of love
among the Hinds. S ativs, s.m. A rigid fast
H itn [S. , Pr. ], adj. (f. - observed on certain occasions.
), As much as this, this much; so much, so S ativistrita, part. (f. -),
many:itn-utn, s.m. Small matter; small Very extended.
quantity; trifle:itne, adj. pl. & adv. so
S ativish, s.m. An antidote to
many:itn-ber, adv. By this time; all this
time:itne-me, adv. In the meantime, poison.
meanwhile; at this moment; upon this. S ativish, s.f. A certain
H utn, adj. (f. -), As much as that, poisonous tree (Aconitum ferox or Betul) used
that much, so much, so many:utn-h, adv. in medicine, and the bark of which is used in
(emphat. of utn), Just as much as that, exactly dying red (see H. ats.)
so much or many:utne, adv. As many as that, P utt-kash, = P utt-gar, v.s.v.
so many. utt.
P utt-gar, = P utt-kash, v.s.v.
H atant = atyant, q.v.
utt.
H atol, adj.= atul, q.v.
S atund, adj. (f. -), Not stout, thin,
lean. S uttolan, s.m. Raising, lifting.
P tn (respectful tn-j),
S tank, = H tang, s.f. Female teacher, preceptress, governess.
s.m. Fear, awe; pomp, show; dignity; sickness, S ativyay, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
disease; the sound of a drum or tabor:tank-
Extravagant, prodigal, lavish; expensive;a
baihn, To establish (or inspire) fear or awe.
spendthrift, &c.
H tang, = S tank, S ath, s.m. Beginning:incept. part.
s.m. Fear, awe; pomp, show; dignity; sickness, or adv. Then, thus, so, hence, consequently,

33
therefore, wherefore; further; now, moreover, H athak [S. +], adj. (f. -),
henceforth; here beginneth.
Unwearied; insensible of fatigue.
H ath = athh, q.v.
H athal [S. +], adj. (f. -),
H utthpan and uthpan Unstable, unsteady, wavering;s.m. Land
[S. +, caus. of rt. ], s.m. The act farmed or rented.
of raising a thing up, erecting, raising; tossing H utthal, uthal, = H
up; (in Arith.) producing an answer or result.
uthl, [S. +], adj. Shallow, low,
S itihs (vulg. ittihs), s.m.
shelving; superficial; unable to keep a secret.
Story, fable, narrative, annals, history;
tradition:itihs-krak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik), H uthl, = H utthal,
History-making; historian; narrator:itihs- uthal, [S. +], adj. Shallow, low,
vett, s.m. Historian, professor of history. shelving; superficial; unable to keep a secret.
H uthal, = H uthl, part.
S atihs, s.m. Violent laughter,
adj. (from uthaln), Upset, &c. The commoner
horse-laugh. form is uthal-puthal, or utthal-putthal, upset,
capsized, overturned; topsy-turvy, in utter
A ittihm [inf. n. viii of ], s.m. confusion, in complete disorder:uthal-puthal
Suspicion; censure; (in law) charge, imputation. karn = uthln, q.v.:uthal-puthal hon, To
be upset or overturned; to be topsy-turvy; to be
S utthn, s.m. A rising up, disordered (the stomach).
awaking from sleep; effort, manly exertion; H uthl, = H uthal, part.
battle; joy.utthn ekdash, or devotthn, The
adj. (from uthaln), Upset, &c. The commoner
11th of the ukl-paksh of Krtik, when Vishnu
form is uthal-puthal, or utthal-putthal, upset,
awakes from sleep. During the months that he
capsized, overturned; topsy-turvy, in utter
sleeps it is unlawful to marry.
confusion, in complete disorder:uthal-puthal
karn = uthln, q.v.:uthal-puthal hon, To
be upset or overturned; to be topsy-turvy; to be
H athh [S. +], adj. & s.m. disordered (the stomach).
Unfathomable, bottomless, very deep, out of a H uthln (caus. of uthaln, and
man's depth, unfordable;a great depth, an
abyss. i.q. uthln, q.v.), v.t. To invert, turn upside
down, overturn, capsize, upset; to turn topsy-
turvy, to throw into disorder or confusion; to
H ath` [S. , rt. ], s.f. toss, tumble, disarrange.
A place where people meet to converse and
amuse themselves, assembly-room (also written H uthal-puthal, and -
ath`: syn. aup).
utthal putthal, v.s.v. uthal (2).
H athit [S. +], adj. (f. -),
Unstable, unsteady; vacillating, wavering. H uthaln, v.n.(from
uthlana),To be upset; to turn over, upset;
S atiharsha, adj. (f. -) & s.m. v.t.=uthln, q.v.:uthaln-puthaln =
Exceedingly delighted;great joy. uthaln:uthal-jn = uthaln:uthal-ln,
v.t. emphat. form of uthln, q.v.
H atharban, = S
H athman [S. +], s.m.
atharva, s.m. The name of the fourth of the
Vedas. Sunset; the west (cf. ahman).

S atharva, = H S athav, conj. Or, or even, or else;

atharban, s.m. The name of the fourth of the likewise.
Vedas.
S tharvvan, adj. & s.m. H it = it, q.v.
Appertaining to the Atharvan Veda;a
Brahman versed in the Atharvan Veda. H at = ati, q.v. For compounds
beginning with at-, see ati-.

34

H ite (Braj)=(1) ita, and, (2),
itne, qq.v.
H ute (Braj)=(1) ut, and, (2),
utne, qq.v.
H itte = itne, q.v.s.v. itn.
S atyr, s.m. Deviation from
prescribed observances; contemning religious
and moral laws.
H itek (Prov.)= itn, q.v.
H utek (Prov.)=utn, q.v.
H iths = itihs, q.v.
S atiyukta, s.m. (f. -), A great
talker.
S atiyukti, s.f. Superfluous talk;
garrulity; exaggeration.
S atkshaa, adj. (f. -), Not
sharp, not keen or shrewd, dull, obtuse.

S atyr, adj. & s.m. (f. - S atkshaat, s.f. Bluntness,

in), Transgressing religious rules; dullness, obtuseness.
transgression.
S atyalpa, adj. & adv. Very little,
S itydi, adj. & s.m. Et ctera, and very few.
so forth; and other, and others.
S atyant, adj. & adv. Much, very
S itydik, adj. Pertaining to the much, exceeding, vast;exceedingly, too:
rest. atyant-lo, adv. To the utmost, to the very last
degree.
S atynand, adj. (f. -) & s.m.
Very joyful;excessive gladness or joy. S atyantat, s.f.
S atynandat, s.f. Superabundance, excessiveness.
Excessive joy or gladness.
S atndriya, adj. (f. -),
S atyvayak, adj. Very Beyond the cognizance of the senses.
necessary, of essentialimportance.
H t-pt, s.f., Lit. 'Come, S atva, adj. & adv. Much, very
find,' A game played by children, not unlike the much; very, exceedingly; indeed.
Eng. game of 'Hot beans and butter.' S atyottama (and also H.
S att, part. & s.m. Past, gone by, atyuttama, + ), adj.
elapsed, expired; free from, devoid of, destitute Exceedingly good, the very best; most
of;wanderer. pilgrim, mendicant, ascetic, excellent, super-excellent; rare.
devotee (among Hinds):att-kl, s.m. (in
Gram.) The preterite. S atvra, adj. & s.m. (f. -), Not
H atej [S. +], adj. (f. -), sharp, dull, stupid;a stupid person, &c.
Not bright, dull, dim, dark.
S atyay, s.m. Passing away,
S atyarth, adj. (f. -), Exorbitant,
perishing; death; danger, risk; suffering.
excessive, very dear.
H = h, q.v.
H utran (from the next), adj.
Thrown off, cast off, worn (as clothes, &c.).
H a [S. ], s.m. An upper room
S uttirna, part. adj. (f. -), Landed, or story, apartment on the roof of a house; an
crossed, arrived; escaped, rescued, liberated; attic.
thrown off.
H ats [S. -+], s.m. A very H a [S. ], s.m. Heap, pile,
poisonous root used in medicine, Aconitum. store.

35
H [S. , Pr. ; cf. P. ], s.m. speak incoherently, or at random; to talk
Flour, meal; anything reduced to the state of nonsense:apa boln, To speak at random; to
talk nonsense.
flour; powder, dust: karn, v.t. To grind,
pound, reduce to powder: gl karn, To
moisten and leaven flour, to form dough; to H apang, and also upang
raise the hopes (of, -k) falsely, to feed with (apa+ang), adj. (f. -), Poor, miserable,
vain hopes, to cajole with false promises: wretched; wicked; disorderly, irregular;
gl hon or ho-jn, Flour to be wetted and thoughtless, absurd.
formed into dough; flour to be over-watered so
as to become less consistent than dough; to be H apaang, and upang,
plunged into difficulties or trouble; to be s.f. Poverty, wretchedness; wickedness;
perplexed, or despondent, or miserable, &c.: absurdity, nonsense.
-m hon, To be utterly destroyed or
ruined:-me nn, Lit. '(as much) salt (as is
H apah, = H
put) in flour (to savour it)'; very little, a pinch, a
particle, a soupon: hon or ho-jn, To apa, adj. & sm. Thoughtless, inconsiderate,
become powder or dust; to be ground or unstudied; irregular; crooked, cross-grained,
crushed to powder; to be worn out; to become perverse; surly, insolent; vacillating, wavering;
worm-eaten, to be rotten, to crumble away. confused, incoherent;a thoughtless person,
&c.:apa bt, s.f. Nonsensical talk; confused
H -ah, adj. v.s.v. or incoherent speech; crooked answer;
h. prevarication, evasion.
H ar, s.m.= ala, q.v.
H apa, = H
H ar [S. ], s.f. A apah, adj. & sm. Thoughtless, inconsiderate,
thatched upper room, upper room; balcony; unstudied; irregular; crooked, cross-grained,
terrace. perverse; surly, insolent; vacillating, wavering;
confused, incoherent;a thoughtless person,
H al [S. ], s.f. Heap, pile,
&c.:apa bt, s.f. Nonsensical talk; confused
mass, store, stock, abundance, stack, rick (of or incoherent speech; crooked answer;
grass, corn, &c.), cf. l. prevarication, evasion.
H al [S. ], s.m.=(1)
al, q.v. (2). Goods, effects, baggage, H aa [S. + (?)], adj. Strong,
materials, articles, household goods and coarse (as cloth);s.m. Coarse, strong cloth.
chattels, furniture; lumber:al bann, To
erect a lofty building:al karn (-k), To S uaj, s.m. A hut made of leaves; a
heap, pile, stack, store, amass:al ldn, v.t. hermitage.
To load (a cart) till it becomes top-heavy, to
overload:al lagn (-k) = al karn. H a-sa (from an and san,
S alik, s.f. A house of two qq.v.), s.f. Close union, alliance, league,
or more stories; a high house; a palace. confederacy; intimacy, close attachment,
liaison, entanglement, amour; necessary or
H al, s.f. Household goods and inseparable work or business (of a house); care,
chattels, furniture. (See ar and al). solicitude; shrewdness, astuteness; dexterity,
skill, ingenuity, adroitness, tact:asa hon (-
H -m, v.s.v. .
se), To be attached (to); to be entangled (with);
H an (caus. of an; cf. n), v.t. to be in league (with), &c.
To fix (a thing, into, -me); to fill, get (a thing, H aak (see aakn), s.f. Obstacle,
into); to fasten (on, -me), to join (to, -me). impediment, hindrance, bar, obstruction;
anything to prevent, prevention, stoppage,
H apa = apa, q.v. check, restraint, prohibition; interruption; arrest;
challenge (of a sentry); fastening (of a tent,
&c.); tether; abstention; hesitation, doubt,
H apan [S. + ; cf. H.
entanglement, amour; dallying, dalliance;the
adbadn], v.n. To be agitated, or restless, or river Attock.aak-maak (see maak), s.f.
confused; to be tired; to be out of sorts; to Amorous dalliance, fond tricks and gestures,
vacillate, waver, hesitate; to linger, delay; to toying, blandishments, coquetry:adv. With

36
blandishments or coquetry:aak-maak
amp, s.f. A wheedling hussy, a seducing jade, H akaln, v.t. To guess,
a wanton. conjecture; to judge, think; to estimate, value,
H ak, s.m. The earthen vessel in appraise; to make a rough estimate; to find out;
which victuals are dressed for the public at the to see through (one):akal karn, v.t.=akaln.
door of the temple of Jagannth.
H akal, adj. Conjectural;
H ak (from aakn), part. adj.
probable; approximate.
Stopped, hindered; detained; entangled, &c.;
stuck; aground.
H aak-maak; v.s.v.
H akn (see aak), v.t. To aak.
obstruct, hinder, impede, interrupt, stop, bar,
prevent, check, restrain, keep back, detain; to H aakn [aak = Prk.
fasten, join, attach, unite (in marriage); to put
on, wear:ak-rakhn, v.t. To keep back, () or ()=S. + ], v.n.
withhold, detain; to put off, postpone:ak- To be stopped, prevented, restrained, kept back;
len, and -den, intens. of akn. to be withheld, be irrecoverable, be unrealizable
or unrealized (as pay, money due, &c.); to stick,
H ak`o (v.n. from akn), s.m. adhere; to be entangled, be in league or in
Hindrance, prevention, &c. (= aak, q.v.): liaison (with, -se), to be enamoured (of, -se); to
ak`o-me, Under control or restraint; under be engrossed (with); to be fixed (on, -me, par);
arrest; fettered, clogged, &c. to be dependent (on, -par), be under the control
(of); to cease, rest, remain, delay, dally, tarry,
H akwan, s.m.= ak`o,
linger; to hesitate, falter:aak-aak-kar, adv.
q.v.
Hesitatingly, falteringly, slowly:aak-jn =
H akar (Prov.)= akal, q.v. aakn.

H uakkar: Used in comp.: see H uakn [S. +], v.n. To

next. jump, hop, skip, caper:uak-nak, conj. part.
Hopping and skipping, capering and dancing;
H uakkar-lais [S. adj. Frolicsome; cutting extraordinary capers;
extraordinary, strange.
=++ or ], adj. & s.m. Given
H akhel [S. +], adj.
to random guessing; acting or speaking without
consideration, thoughtless; rash, precipitate; Playful, sportive, lively, gay, merry; frivolous,
conjectural, random, uncertain, wide of the light, coquettish, wanton.
mark; nonsensical, absurd;one who is given H akhelpan, = H
to random guessing, a thoughtless or
inconsiderate person, &c. akhelpan, [S. ++],
s.m. Playfulness, sportiveness, gambol, mirth,
H akal [S. +], s.f. merriment; coquettishness, wantonness;
affected or mincing gait; graceful motion.
Guess, conjecture, supposition; rough
computation or estimate; skill in judging, H akhelpan, = H
discernment, judgment, opinion; quantity; akhelpan, [S. ++], s.m.
size:akal-bz, s.m. Good guesser;
Playfulness, sportiveness, gambol, mirth,
appraiser:akal-pa (akal+S. paa+uka),
merriment; coquettishness, wantonness;
adj. & s.m. Random, uncertain;random
affected or mincing gait; graceful motion.
guess, mere conjecture;adv. By guess, at
random:akal-pa-k ftia pahn, To H akhelan, s.f. Playful,
recite the first or opening chapter of the Qor`n sportive, &c. girl or woman.
for a deceased person whose name is unknown;
to make a pretence of reading the Qor`n; to use H akhel, adj.=akhel; and
earnest importunity for what is impossible to be s.f.=akhelpan, qq.v.
had:akal-pah, s.m.=uakkar-lais, q.v.:
H aal [Pr. , which is also used
akal-se, adv. By guess; approximately; at
random:akal-makal, and akan-makan or in S., see Prof. Williams' Dict.], Not to be
moved or shaken; not to be averted, avoided, or
akan-bakan, s.m. A child's game, something
escaped; fixed, firm, immovable, permanent;
like our "guess if you can."

37
fast, stationary; unable to move; unvarying, to his bed in grief or trouble, or feigning illness,
unchangeable; unshakeable, unshaken, or in the dumps or sulks. (See next.)
unwavering, stedfast; inviolable; irrefragable;
inflexible, unyielding, resolute, determined, H aw-
stubborn, obstinate;s.m. An epithet of the
khaw, s.f. Taking to one's bed in grief or
Deity:aal hokar, adv. Firmly, immovably,
trouble, &c.:hed and belongings, bag and
resolutely, &c.
baggage, household goods and chattels:
S aalat, s.f. Fixedness, aw-khaw len, orlekar pan, v.n. To
unchangeableness, &c. (see aal). take to one's bed, &c.
H w = hw, q.v.
H aam [S. ], s.m. Heap, pile,
H ob (and ov), s.m. Nature,
&c. (= al, q.v.).
constitution, essence; power, control; dexterity,
skill.
H aambar [S. +], s.m. A
multitude or crowd of people; a tribe. H a [S. +], adj. (f. -), Not
liable to be broken, strong, indestructible;
H am-pam, adv. Here inexhaustible, abundant, unfailing, continuous,
incessant.
and there, everywhere; up and down; all about.
H aok [+rt. of , q.v.], adj.
S aan, s.f. Walking about, roaming, & adv. Without let or hindrance, unrestrained,
wandering. uninterrupted, unquestioned, unchallenged;
unfailing, unbroken;uninterruptedly,
H aan [S. ], s.m. Balcony; upper continuously; smoothly. (The more com. form
is be ok.)
room. (See a).
H aol [S. ], adj. (f. -), Rough,
H an [S. , rt. ; cf. H. n], unpolished (as stones, jewels, &c.); uncouth,
v.n. To be held or contained; to go or fit (into, - rude, unmannerly (person).
me); to be filled up, be full. S and aav, av, aavi, s.f.
Lit. 'A place to roam in'; wood, grove, forest,
H n, v.t.= an, and v.n.= jungle, wilderness.
an, qq.v. H ah (used in compn. for h) = H

H uangan, s.m. A species of nettle h [S. ], num. adj. Eight:h-

or stinging plant, the seed of which is used by ahrah, adj. In a state of confusion, disordered,
the natives of India as an aphrodisiac, also the scattered, dispersed (=tn-terah); perplexed,
seed of this plant;the name of a river near disturbed, distressed:h-h s ron, To
Gwliyr. shed floods of tears, to weep exceedingly or
bitterly:h-h s ruln, v.t. To cause
H uang [S. ++ ], adj. (one) to weep bitterly, &c.:h-n, s.f.=ah-
ann, q.v. below:h-pahar (and ho-pahar),
High up the leg, drawn up, too short (as
adv. Through or during the eight watches of the
trousers, &c.); shrivelled, shrunken; badly made
day, throughout the twenty-four hours, day and
or shaped.
night; constantly, perpetually, always:ah- (or
h-) pahr, ah-pahriy, s.m. An eight-watch
S aan, an, s.f. The notched man, one who is constantly on duty (as a man
extremity of a bow, the horn of a bow. set to watch crops, &c.):ah- (or h-) kon,
adj. & s.m. Octangular;any eight-cornered
H o = ho, q.v. thing:ah- (or h-) khamb, s.m. A canopy
or any structure supported by eight posts or
H aw-khaw pillars:ah-ms, ah-ms, ah-ws (S.
asha+msa, or msaka), s.m. Land constantly
[S. +, the first member being simply a ploughed for sugar-cane for the eight months
jingling ryme; or otherwise aw = S. from Ash to Mgh inclusive:ah-msh, s.f.
+ ], s.f. The state of a person who takes A weight of eight mshas; a gold mohur
weighing eight mshas (value ten rupees):

38
ah-ann (i.e. h+na+), s.f. A silver coin H ahrw =
worth eight annas, an eight-anna piece, a half-
ahrahw, q.v.
rupee:ah-wr (S. asha+vra+ka), s.m. The
eighth day after any other day; a period of eight H , , ahrah or ahrah [S.
days; a week; the use, or loan, of a thing for a ], num. adj. Eighteen:ahrah-bb,
period of eight days:ahotar-sau (S.
m. pl. A body of lazy disorderly fellows, crew
asha+uttara+ata), adj. One hundred and
of idlers, pack of knaves:ahrah-kankar,
eight:ho, coll. s. & adj. All eight, the
go, s.m. A certain game played with eighteen
whole eight, the eight:ho-pahar = h-
pebbles (something like our draughts).
pahar, q.v. above:ho-jm (jm = S. ym)
= ho-pahar. H ahrahw [S.
+], num. adj. Eighteenth.
H h [S. ], = H ah (used
in compn. for h) num. adj. Eight:h- S aahs, s.m. Loud laughter;
ahrah, adj. In a state of confusion, disordered, horse-laugh.
scattered, dispersed (=tn-terah); perplexed, H , ahs or ahs [S.
disturbed, distressed:h-h s ron, To
shed floods of tears, to weep exceedingly or ], num. adj. Eighty-eight.
bitterly:h-h s ruln, v.t. To cause H uhn [S. , +], s.m.
(one) to weep bitterly, &c.:h-n, s.f.=ah-
Area, court;s.f. Act of appearing, rising, rise,
ann, q.v. below:h-pahar (and ho-pahar),
ascension, ascent; height, elevation, eminence,
adv. Through or during the eight watches of the
altitude; top, summit; high range or flight;
day, throughout the twenty-four hours, day and
length, stature, tallness; make, build; springing
night; constantly, perpetually, always:ah- (or
up, growth; rising or swelling (of the breasts in
h-) pahr, ah-pahriy, s.m. An eight-watch girls); sexual desire, salacity (of the female);
man, one who is constantly on duty (as a man conceit or pride arising from sudden elevation
set to watch crops, &c.):ah- (or h-) kon, (in rank, &c.); expense, outlay, expenditure:
adj. & s.m. Octangular;any eight-cornered uhn-k, adj. (f. -), Of high range or flight,
thing:ah- (or h-) khamb, s.m. A canopy soaring to a great height (as a bird).
or any structure supported by eight posts or
pillars:ah-ms, ah-ms, ah-ws (S.
H uhn [caus. S. +], v.t.
asha+msa, or msaka), s.m. Land constantly
ploughed for sugar-cane for the eight months To lift, take up, raise, raise up, elevate, hoist; to
from Ash to Mgh inclusive:ah-msh, s.f. take up (anything held sacred) for the purpose
A weight of eight mshas; a gold mohur of swearing by it, to swear by; to take up (one's
weighing eight mshas (value ten rupees): effects, &c.) preparatory to moving or
ah-ann (i.e. h+na+), s.f. A silver coin marching, (hence) to close work, break up; to
worth eight annas, an eight-anna piece, a half- put away, pack up; to start, set off, &c.; to rear,
rear up, bring up, train, educate; to hatch, breed;
rupee:ah-wr (S. asha+vra+ka), s.m. The
to produce, invent, fabricate; to erect, build up,
eighth day after any other day; a period of eight
construct; to rouse (from sleep), to awaken; to
days; a week; the use, or loan, of a thing for a
support, bear, carry; to take upon oneself, bear
period of eight days:ahotar-sau (S.
the burden or responsibility of, undertake; to
asha+uttara+ata), adj. One hundred and undergo, experience, suffer, endure; to incur
eight:ho, coll. s. & adj. All eight, the (risk, expense, liability, &c.); to contract
whole eight, the eight:ho-pahar = h- (debts); to obtain goods on credit (from, -se); to
pahar, q.v. above:ho-jm (jm = S. ym) derive, acquire, get, gain, obtain (as the result of
= ho-pahar. labour); to enjoy; to pick up; to gather in (as a
H ah [S. ], s.m. Aggregate harvest); to withdraw, remove (from, -se); to
bear or carry forth or away, make off or away
of eight (e.g. tn ahe aubs); the eight of a with, to steal; to cause to disappear or vanish, to
suit of cards; throw of eight with three dice. consume, dispose of, dissipate, squander; to
H uh-bihn, v.s.v. take away or remove (from the world), to
translate; to clear or clean up; to finish, prepare;
uhn.
to efface, erase, expunge; to abolish, do away
H uh-baih, s.f.= with; to eject, expel; to raise up (so as to be
uh-baih. q.v. seen), to exhibit; to throw up, cause to rise or
fly (as a paper-kite or a pigeon); to set apart, put
aside (for any purpose):uh-bihn, or

39
baihn, v.t. To lead astray, cause to err; to among athletes; standing and kneeling
excite, stir up, instigate:uh-den (intens. of alternately at prayer; sitting and rising
uhn), v.t. To lift up, raise up; to cause to alternately holding both ears the while,a
vanish; to efface; to consume, dissipate, mode of punishment in Indian schools:uh-
squander; to remove; to eject; to abolish; to baih lagn, v.n. To be constantly getting up
make over, give, bestow, &c.:uh-rakhn, and sitting down from uneasiness of mind; to
v.t. To take upon oneself, bear the burden or suffer from restlessness; to have the fidgets.
responsibility of; to put by:uh-len, v.t. To
take up, raise, lift up; to pick up; to take off H h-pahar, v.s.v. h.
(from, -se), to remove (from); to undertake the
management or care of (see uhn, of which
H uht (imperf. part. of uhn, q.v.),
uh len is an intensive):uh-le-jn, v.t. To
run off or away with, to carry off; to abduct,adj. (f. -), Rising, ascending; opening budding;
kidnap. developing; flourishing;declining, waning
fading, decaying:uhte-baihte, adv. Lit.
'rising and sitting'; Easily, gradually, little by
H , ahnawe,
little; leisurely; slowly;quickly, in a trice;
ahnwe [S. ], num. adj. Ninety-eight. incessantly, perpetually.

H hn, s.f.; v.s.v. h. H ahtls = atls,

q.v.
H uh` [uh(n)+ = Prk.
H ahattar, ahhattar [S.
=S. ()+], adj. & s.m. Extravagant,
], num. adj. Seventy-eight.
prodigal, lavish;extravagant fellow, prodigal,
spendthrift.
H ahts = ats, q.v.
H uh`o, s.m. Support; expenditure,
expenses; running account (as with a baniy);
debit. H uhak-baihak,
s.f.= uh-baih, q.v.
H , , ahwan, ahwan
[S. ], num. adj. Fifty-eight. H ahkon, v.s.v. h.
H uhwan [S. +],
v.t.= uhn:s.m. (uh`on), Something H ah-khamb, v.s.v. h.
set apart to be offered to a god or goddess.
H uh`on, s.f. A certain H ahkel = akhel, q.v
ceremony performed among Hinds in honour
of a deceased person on the third day after H uhgan, s.m.= uhangan,
death. (The corresponding ceremony among q.v.
Mohammadans is termed phl, q.v.)
H ahws, = H H ahal, s.m. The act, and also the
ceremony, of bathing a bride and bridegroom
ah`s, and ah`s, [S. ], num. adj.
on the third day after marriage. (Eight men and
Twenty-eight. eight women perform this ceremony for the
H ah`s, and ah`s, = H bridegroom and bride respectively).
ahws, [S. ], num.
H , , ihln, ahln [S.
adj. Twenty-eight.
+ or ], v.n. To walk affectedly or
H uh`-gr, s.m. Lit.
coquettishly; to express tenderness or kindness
'Who picks up what is fallen or lying; pilferer, by gestures;to speak affectedly, to drawl; to
purloiner, petty thief. roll or mouth one's words; to mumble; to
H uh-baih, s.f. Rising up and stammer; to lisp; to speak indistinctly;to
evade a direct answer (to a question or remark);
sitting down, not sitting still; restlessness,
to give a pert answer; to speak snappishly,
fidgetiness, agitation; tossing and tumbling;
crossly or rudely; to affect ignorance.
perturbation, discomposure; a kind of exercise

40
 frequently used in comp. with another verb to
H uhall [S. ++], s.m.
intensify the signification of the latter, or to
denote the hastiness, impulsiveness or
One who is without any fixed abode; a person
suddenness of the act expressed by this verb;
not to be depended upon.
e.g. bol-uhn, to exclaim; ill-uhn, to cry
H ahms, = H out; ro-uhn, to burst out crying; kp-uhn,
ahms, v.s.v. h. to fall into a tremor, to tremble violently; lag-
uhn, to kindle up; uh-aln, to set off):
H ahms, = H uhn-baihn, v.n. To be constantly rising up
ahms, v.s.v. h. and sitting down; to be restless, uneasy,
H hman [S. +], fidgetty, &c.; to be constantly going out; to be
in the habit of visiting; to associate (with); to do
s.m. The West. anything leisurely or at one's ease.
H uhn [S. +; pass. H uhn-baihn, s.m.
(), used actively; Prk. ()], v.n. Deportment, manners, breeding; etiquette (=P.
To rise, rise up, stand up, get up (from bed, or nishast-barst).
from a sick-bed,hence), to awake; to recover
H uhangal [v.n. of
from illness; to ascend, mount, soar; to swell
(as a river, &c.); to be inflamed (as the eyes); to q.v.+=S. aff. ], adj. Dull, heavy, stupid,
be developed, to attain to puberty, to feel sexual thick-skulled, deficient in sense or
desire (a female), to be in heat; to work, understanding, senseless, wrong-headed, silly,
ferment (as leaven); to rise for the purpose of absurd:uhangal-dm, s.m. Dull, stupid
leaving (a place,hence), to take leave, to fellow, dolt, witling, dotard, a person devoid of
leave, go away, set forth, come forth or be all judgment, sense or discretion; a poor
abroad (as a beast in quest of prey); to start; to creature; a mere animal, a beast:uhangal-
move (from a house), quit, leave; to depart mulk. s.m. An ill-governed state or kingdom, a
(from a place, or from this world); to be done land of anarchy and misrule.
away with, be abolished, be discontinued; to be
removed, be carried away; to disappear; to be H uhangal, s.f. Dulness,
closed (as a shop or business); to be rubbed out, heaviness, stupidity, &c. (see uhangal).
effaced, obliterated; to be laid out, expended, to
cost; to be finished, be over; to be prepared, be H uhangan (see next), s.m. Prop,
ready; to be exhausted, spent;to be raised, support; anything placed under a vessel to
taken up, raised on high, (hence) to be prevent its upsetting, or under a body to keep it
exhibited; to come out distinctly, to appear (as from rolling; a scotch-stone, wedge, &c. (also
type, &c.); to be erected, built, constructed, written uhgan).
made, formed; to be reared, brought up, trained,
H uhangn [S. +],
educated; to be hatched; to spring up, sprout,
shoot, grow; to proceed (from), originate, issue, v.n. To rest (upon), lean (against), depend or
emanate, result; to break out (as a sore, an rely (upon) for support; to be propped or
epidemic, a mutiny, &c.), to arise (as a storm, a supported; to be stopped or stayed.
disturbance, &c.), to come on, begin (as pain, H ahanni, s.f. v.s.v. h.
disease, &c.); to be started, be established (as
any institution); to arise (out of), to accrue (as H ahw-
profit); to be derived, obtained, got, gained, khaw, s.f.= aw-khaw, q.v.
realized; to be recovered; to be reclaimed or
brought under cultivation; to be taken as a loan, H ahwr, v.s.v. h.
or on credit, or on hire, or on lease; to be
gathered in (as a harvest); to be drawn up, be H hw [i.e. h, q.v.+w = S.
absorbed (as ink by blotting-paper):uh- ].adj. Eighth.
baihn, v.n. To get up, sit up, rise up, start up,
wake up; to be revived, to gain strength, to H uhwn (caus. of uhn,
recover:uh-jn, v.n. (intens. of uhn), To q.v.), v.t. To cause to be lifted or raised or
be removed, done away with, abolished; to removed, &c.
come to an end, be expended, finished, H ahws = ahms,
terminated, settled, &c.; to cease; to remove, q.v., s.v. h.
quit, go away (from, -se), depart (from this
world); to vanish, disappear:uh kha hon, H ahotar-sau;v.s.v.
To rise or stand up suddenly:(N.B. Uhn is h.

41
 beating, &c.):aeran ho-jn, To become as
H ho, v.s.v. h.
thin as a stick, to be reduced to a skeleton.
H uhwaiy [from uhw-n;iy H aern, v.t. To wind (thread) for
= S. aff. ], s.m. One who rises, one who the purpose of forming it into skeins, &c., to
goes away; one who raises or helps to raise (a make up thread into skeins; to wind, reel (so
load, &c.); one who spends money lavishly, an also aer len); to lounge (a horse=kv den).
extravagant person, a prodigal (=uh`).
H aek [S. +; or ,
H ahess = ahs,
q.v. , rt. ], adj. Without support,
unsupported.
H ahenwe =
A ass, and assu`l-bait, = A
ahnve, q.v.
assa [A. assa, 'To be much,' &c.], coll. s.m.
H ahel [+ rt. of q.v.], adj. Goods, household goods, chattels, effects,
Not to be pushed out of its place; not to be put property generally (syn. mat`).
aside; firm, immovable; irrefragable;
unanswerable. A assa [A. assa, 'To be much,' &c.], = A
ass, and assu`l-bait, coll. s.m.
H ahehattar = ahattar. Goods, household goods, chattels, effects,
H a, = H (and ), = property generally (syn. mat`).
H aiy (dim.) [S. + ], s.f. A sr (pl. of asar), s.m. Footprints,
Twist, twine, turn, flexure, fold, ply, plait; vestiges, tracks, traces, marks, signs, tokens,
bundle, hank or skein of thread; sheaf; handful remains, relics, monuments or memorials;
of stalks of grain; a turban (a cant term):- effects; impressions; indications of state or
jho, s.f. Complication, twisting, folding condition, promises, symptoms; sayings or
together; contortion. traditions of Moammad; origin; basis,
foundation (of a building, &c.); breadth of a
H (and ), = H a, = wall:sr-i-sharf, sr-i-mubrak, s.m. The
venerated sayings or traditions of Moammad;
H aiy (dim.) [S. + ], s.f.
the sacred relics of Moammad; the four
Twist, twine, turn, flexure, fold, ply, plait; companions or disciples of Moammad who
bundle, hank or skein of thread; sheaf; handful were his successors.
of stalks of grain; a turban (a cant term):-
jho, s.f. Complication, twisting, folding A sr [pl. of , the arabicised form of
together; contortion. ser], s.m. Seers; seer (ser, 'a weight of two
pounds').
H aiy (dim.) = H a, =
A isbt [inf. n. iv of ], s.m. Establishing,
H (and ), [S. + ], s.f. confirming; confirmation, corroboration,
Twist, twine, turn, flexure, fold, ply, plait; verification, proof, demonstration;
bundle, hank or skein of thread; sheaf; handful ascertainment; certain knowledge.
of stalks of grain; a turban (a cant term):- A asar, s.m. Footprint; sign, mark, token,
jho, s.f. Complication, twisting, folding trace, track, vestige, shadow; impress,
together; contortion. impression, influence; effect; result,
H aiy (dim. of a, q.v.) s.f. consequence:asar-par, adj. Taking effect;
Small thatched room on the roof of a house; efficacious:asar karn(-me), To have or take
cottage; hut. effect (on), to prove efficacious, to effect, be
effective; to operate; to make an impression; to
H aeran [S. + +], s.m. affect, move, touch; to stimulate; to excite (the
A hollow stick or reed on which thread is passions):asar hon, An effect to be
wound preparatory to spinning, &c., winder (for produced, to have effect (on, -me); to prevail.
thread), reel, distaff; spinning wheel (syn. A asqal (comp. and super. of saql), adj.
ar), a weaver's reel or shuttle (syn. takl); Heavier; heaviest, very heavy.
the woof about the quill;the lounge or circle
in which a horse is trained in the mange; A asn [pl. of sinyu, 'doubling';
grapple in wrestling:aeran kar-den, v.t. To 'folding'], s.m. Lit. 'Folds'; middle, midst;
make (one) as thin as a stick, reduce to a interstice; interval, interim, meantime, while:
skeleton; to make (one) jump or dance (by as n -i-l, In the midst of a state, condition or

42
event; in a (certain) state or condition:asn-i- H ajt, = H ajt, [S.
rh, asn-i-rh me, In the middle of the road;
+], s.m. One who has lost caste; one
on the way or road, while travelling:asn-
me, adv. In the mean time, meanwhile, in the who has no caste.
interim or interval; upon this. H ijr, s.f.=P. izr, q.v.:ijr-
A isn-`ashar, num. adj. (f. -a), Twelve; band = izr-band.
the twelve Imms.
A ijra,and in compn. occasionally
A isn-`ashar, adj. Relating to the ijr [from ' to recompense'], s.m. Letting
twelve Imms. land on lease, letting a house, &c. on rent or
A asr (from ), adj. Marking; marked, hire; land taken on lease; a house, &c. taken on
favoured; chosen;s.m. (Gr. ), Ether:al rent or hire; the giving of usufructs for a
asr, s.m., The ether, the ninth and greatest of compensation; a privilege or an income of a
the spheres. variable amount sold for a fixed sum; lease,
farm, contract, rent, hire; right, title, monopoly
A asm (from ), adj. & s.m. Sinning, doing (arising from a lease, contract, &c.):ijra-
what is unlawful; sinner, criminal;a great and pa, s.m. Deed of lease, lease; agreement;
habitual liar. title-deed:ijra-dr, ijr-dr, s.m. Lease-
H j,also ju, aj, holder, lessee; farmer, tenant; contractor;
farmer of land or revenue; one who has
aj, aju`,[S. ], adv. To-day, this purchased the labour of another; holder of a
day; this time, now:j-tak, adv. Up to this monopoly; proprietor:ijra den, v.t. To farm,
day; to this time, till now; hitherto; as yet:j- lease, let, give out on contract:ijra karn,
din-ko, adv. To-day by day, to day:j-rt-ko, v.n. To bind oneself, be responsible (for); to
adv. To-day at night, to-night:j fajr or fajar, engage; agree:ijra len, v.t. To take on lease,
adv. This morning:j-k, adj. (f. -), To-day's, or hire, or contract, &c., to farm:ijra-nma,
this, of the present; new, recent, fresh;j-k and ijr-nma, s.m. =ijra-pa, q.v.
rt, This night, to-night:j-ke din, j-ke roz,
adv. To-dayj-kal, adv. To-day or to-morrow; H aj [S. +, rt. ], s.m. Lit.
in a few days, in a day or two, soon; in these 'That does not wear out'; cloth made of hemp;
days, now-a-days; recently, of late:j-kal sacking; coarse canvas. (Syn. ).
batn, j-kal karn, v.n. To put off from day to
H uj (v.n. of next; see also
day, to procrastinate, delay; to shilly shally,
evade, shuffle:j-kal-k, adj. (f. -), Of the ujan), adj. Laid waste, devastated,
present day, age or generation; recent, fresh: demolished, ruined, spoiled; depopulated,
j-lo, ajo, adv.=j-tak:j-h or h, deserted, abandoned; waste, desolate (also
ajah, adv. (emphatic), 1=j-tak, q.v. 2. This written ja):s.m. Devastation,
very day, to-day even; just now, even now, at demolition, destruction, ruin, desolation; a
this very time; immediately. desolate or ruined place, a ruin (syn. wirna),
uninhabited place, waste, desert, wilderness:
S aj, s.f. A she-goat; the unreality of uj-rat, adj. & s.m.f. Ugly, ill-favoured,
the universe, illusion (an epithet of My, unsightly, deformed;ugly or ill-favoured
considered as the wife of the Supreme Being). person (especially a woman):uj-muh, s.m.
H j, and aj [S. ], s.m. Unlucky face, ill-omened countenance.
(f. -), Paternal grandfather:j-guru, s.m. A H ujn (caus. of ujan),
guru's guru, a grandguru. v.t. To root up; to lay waste, devastate, destroy,
A ijbat [inf. n. iv of ], s.f. Answering, break up, pull or take to pieces, pull down,
replying to (=jawb den); granting a demolish, raze, wipe out; to ruin, spoil, plunder,
favourable reply; accepting (a petition or injure, harm; to drive out (the inhabitants); to
prayer); acceptance, approval; compliance, depopulate:uj-aln (intens. of ujn), v.t.
consent, sanction, assent;action of the To destroy utterly, &c.:uj-den, and uj-
bowels, motion, evacuation, stool (=dast). karn = ujn.
H ajt, = H ajt, [S.
H uj, adj. & s.m. Destroying,
+], s.m. One who has lost caste; one
demolishing; plundering; ruining, wasting, &c.,
who has no caste.
squandering, wasteful;destroyer, spoiler,
plunderer, &c.; spendthrift; prodigal.

43
A ijzat [inf. n. iv of ' To go or pass agreeing together (in opinion); combining,
through or along'], s.f. Permission, liberty, conspiring, leaguing together (against, -par);
leave, authority, sanction; leave to depart, assemblage, gathering, collection, congregation,
dismissal; authority or liberty to do anything; accumulation, afflux; combination, league; (in
licence; passport:ijzat-h, s.m. One who astron.) conjunction:ijtim` karn, To
seeks permission or sanction (for any purpose); assemble, &c.; to combine or conspire (against,
applicant; petitioner:ijzat den, v.t. To grant -par):ijtim` karke, adv. Collectively, in a
leave or permission, to permit, allow, let; to body; unanimously:ijtim` hon (-par), To be
give (one) leave to depart; to grant, admit, combined, or in league (against); a conjunction
concede, comply with; to authorize, sanction; to (of stars or planets) to bear (upon), or be
license; to empower:ijzat-nma, s.m. A adverse (to).
written document by which a permission is A ijtinb [inf. n. viii of ' to put aside
conferred; authority; licence. or away'], s.m. Keeping away or aloof (from, -
H ujgar [S. +, rt. ], se), turning aside or away (from), avoiding,
shunning; refraining (from); abstinence;
adj. Light; bright, shining; splendid, gaudy; continence; self-control, self-denial;
celebrated, famous; conspicuous, manifest; temperance; moderation; austerity; self-
s.m. Light, brightness, splendour. mortification:ijtinb rakhn(-se), To hold or
H ujl (from next), s.m. Light, keep aloof (from), &c.
day-light, day-break, day; sunshine; splendour, A ijtihd [inf. n. viii of ' to strive,
brightness, refulgence; glory, pride, labour'], s.m. Exerting the faculties to the
ornament;adj. (f. -), Light, clear, bright, utmost; exertion, effort, earnest endeavour;
shining, luminous, &c.:ujl hon, To diligence;waging war against infidels.
become light; to be lighted, (hence) to kindle A ajdd (pl. of jadd), Ancestors,
up, take fire:ujle-k pahr, s.m. The forefathers. (See b.)
morning watch, the watch which begins at
dawn:ujle-k tr, s.m. The morning star, H judh, s.m.= yudh, q.v.
the planet Venus. H ajdah, s.m.= azhdah, q.v.
H ujln (caus. of ujaln),
v.t. To make bright; to light, light up, cause to H uja [S. +], adj. Very
shine; to brighten; to clean, polish, furbish; to apathetic, very cold, hard or unfeeling; very
make white:ujl-den, v.t. To light up, rub senseless, stupid or ignorant, intensely obtuse,
up, brighten, polish; to cleanse, make white; to idiotic; ill-mannered, unmannerly, uncouth,
wash (prov.). awkward, loutish, clownish, rude, rough,
vulgar, coarse:s.m. A hard, cold or unfeeling
H ajmil, s.m. The name of a person; a very stupid fellow, an arrant
certain Brhman mentioned in the Rmya blockhead, a fool; a clumsy, awkward fellow, a
who was a great sinner and a penitent. lout, an ill-mannered fellow, &c.
H ajn [S. +], adj. & s.m. (f. A ajr, ajar, s.m. Recompense,
compensation, reward (=sawb), remuneration,
-), Unknowing, ignorant, simple, artless,
return, requital, retribution; cost, price, hire,
innocent; indifferent, careless;a simpleton:
fare, pay, fee:ajr den, v.t. To reward,
ajn-kr, adj. Ignorant of business, or of any
recompense, &c.
particular work.
H ujn [S. +], s.m. The S ajar (rt. ), adj. Not liable to decay
direction, or part, of a river which is opposite to or old age, undecaying, imperishable; an epithet
the course of the stream; up the stream, against of God;ever youthful or young; young,
the tide. vigorous; firm, immovable:ajarmar, ajar-
amar, adj. Exempt from both decrepitude and
H -jn, v.s.v. n. death; an epithet of God.
H ajn, s.f. Ignorance; simplicity,
S ajir, s.m. An area, court.
innocence; heedlessness.
S ajit, part. (f. -), Unconquered, H jur (+ ajra), s.f. Unpaid
unsubdued, unsurpassed; invincible. labour.
A ijtim` [inf. n. viii of ], s.m. Act of
collecting, assembling or gathering together;

44
A ijr [inf. n. iv of ' to pass along H ajukt, = H ajugat,
quickly, to flow'], s.m. Causing to circulate,
putting in circulation, giving currency to, [S. + ], part. adj. (f. -). Not suited, ill-
making current; issuing; putting into force or matched; unfit, unsuitable; incompatible:s.m.
execution; carrying into effect; issue; execution; Violence, outrage, oppression; compulsion.
performance, practice:ijr karn, v.t. To
H ajugat, = H ajukt,
issue, put in force, perform, execute, &c.
[S. + ], part. adj. (f. -). Not suited, ill-
A ajrm (pl. of jirm), s.m. Bodies matched; unfit, unsuitable; incompatible:s.m.
(inanimate,and thus distinguished from Violence, outrage, oppression; compulsion.
ajsm, q.v.); the heavenly bodies.
A ujrat, s.f.= ajr, q.v. H ajgut [S. + ; but cf.
H ujr, incor. for the next, q.v. ], adj. Wonderful, marvellous, strange,
surprising:s.f. A wonderful thing, wonder,
H uj, adj. Deserted, desolate, marvel, prodigy; evil, harm, wrong; violence,
cheerless, gloomy, &c. (=uj, q.v.):s.m. (f. - outrage, oppression, tyranny (= gaab; in
). Ruiner, destroyer, &c. (=uj):uj-puj, these senses ajgut would appear to be identical
adj. In ruins, ruined, razed to the ground, with ajugat or ajukt = S. ayukta).
desolate.
H ajgar [S. +, rt. ], s.m.
H ujan,incor. Lit. 'Goat - swallower'; a large serpent, boa
ujarn[S. +], v.n. To be rooted up, constrictor, python; dragon (=P. azhdar, and
azhdah); any unwieldy monster; any bulky and
utterly destroyed or ruined, demolished, razed ponderous object; monster, hulk:adj. Very
to the ground; to be laid waste, ravaged, heavy or ponderous; unwieldy.
plundered, spoiled; to be depopulated; to be
devoid of inhabitants; to be wasted, squandered, A ajal, s.f. Lit. 'The assigned, appointed, or
dissipated; to fall into ruin or decay, go to specified term or period' (of a thing); term or
waste, become a waste or ruin; to be or become appointed time; term or period of life; hour of
deserted, desolate, cheerless or gloomy; to be death; death; fate, destiny; (Met.) a troublesome
lost; to perish, die; to be ruined, defiled, creditor, a dun:ajal-rasda, part. adj.
violated, dishonoured (a maid):uja-jn = Overtaken by fate, doomed; on the point of
ujan. death; wretched, unfortunate:ajal-girifta,
H ujau`, com. gend.= adj.=ajal-rasda; and s. com. gend. One who is
overtaken by fate; one whose hour of death is at
uj, q.v.
hand; doomed person, &c.
H ujawn (caus. of ujn),
v.t. To cause to be laid waste, &c. A ajall (comp. and super of jall), adj.
Greater; greatest; more, or most, glorious.
A ajz (pl. of juz), s.m. Parts, portions,
divisions, sections; sections of the Qor`n; feet
(of a verse); constituent parts (of a thing), H ujjal, = H ujl (f. -),
elements; members; ingredients (of any [S. +], adj. Bright, luminous, shining,
compound or mixture). radiant, splendid; enlightened; beautiful, lovely,
H ajas [S. + ], adj. & s.m. (f. excellent; pure, clean, clear; white; plain,
-), Disreputable; infamous;disrepute, unadorned (=sda); simple, guileless; blown,
disgrace, dispraise; detraction, defamation; bad expanded:ujl dm, s.m. A plain or simple
name; a disreputable person, &c.:ajas man; a man dressed in clean, white clothes; a
kamn, ajas len, To get a bad name, incur respectable man:ujjal buddh, clear intellect,
blame, &c. luminous or enlightened man:ujl bhangr [S.
bhringa), The plant Verbesina prostrata:ujle
A ajsd (pl. of jasad), s.m. Bodies. pn-k ja, Galangal, root of Alpinia galanga:
(Syn. badan.) ujl tuls, White basil, Ocimum album:ujl-
A ajsm (pl. of jism), s.m. Bodies jmn, The white jmn, Calyptranthes
(=badan); material substances:ajsm o ajsd, caryophyllifolia:ujl andan, Santalum
Material substances and bodies. album:ujl dhatr, Datura metel:ujl
S ajasra, adj. & adv. Perpetual; tab`yat-k, adj. Of radiant or luminous mind,
clear-minded; of enlightened mind:ujl-k
perpetually, for ever.

45
zr, Fluor albus, the whites:ujl kkr, The H ujlpan, = H
variety of cowhage or cowitch (Dolichos
pruriens) with a white stem:ujl kadd, The ujlpan, [S. +], s.m.
long white pumpion or pumpkin, Lagenaria Brightness, radiance, luminosity;
vulgaris:ujl kaner, Nerium odorum enlightenment; clearness; whiteness; plainness
(album):ujl mir, ujl mir, White pepper, (e.g. us-k ujl-pan-h gahn th).
Piper album:ujl muh karn, v.t. To clear
one's honour or reputation; to exculpate; to A ijls [inf. n. iv of ' to sit'], s.f. The
acquit:ujl muh hon, v.n. To have one's act of sitting of a court of justice; sitting,
honour restablished; to be exculpated; be sessions; a court:ijls karn, v.n. To sit in
acquitted:ujl hull, The viscid cleome court; to preside:ijls-me, In the court (of, -
(Cleome viscosa), the seeds of which, called ke); in the presence (of), before.
hor ajwn, are regarded by the native
practitioners as anthelmintic and carminative: A ajlf (pl. of jilf), s.m. Base, vile,
ujl hon, To be light; to be bright, be polished, mean, or ignoble people; the rude, the vulgar;
to shine; to be or become clean; to be dressed in the lower orders.
clean clothes.
A ijll [inf. n. iv of ' to be great'], s.m.
H ujl (f. -), = H ujjal, Magnifying, exalting, honouring; magnificence,
[S. +], adj. Bright, luminous, shining, glory, honour.
radiant, splendid; enlightened; beautiful, lovely,
excellent; pure, clean, clear; white; plain, H ujln (caus. of ujaln),
unadorned (=sda); simple, guileless; blown, v.t.= ujln, q.v.
expanded:ujl dm, s.m. A plain or simple
man; a man dressed in clean, white clothes; a H ujl`, s.f. Brightness;
respectable man:ujjal buddh, clear intellect,
cleanness; whiteness, &c. (=ujlpan, q.v.); price
luminous or enlightened man:ujl bhangr [S.
paid for cleaning, &c.
bhringa), The plant Verbesina prostrata:ujle
pn-k ja, Galangal, root of Alpinia galanga:
ujl tuls, White basil, Ocimum album:ujl- H ujjalit [S. +], part.
jmn, The white jmn, Calyptranthes adj. (f. -), Bright, clear, pure, clean. (See ujl.)
caryophyllifolia:ujl andan, Santalum
album:ujl dhatr, Datura metel:ujl H ujaln [S. +], v.n. To
tab`yat-k, adj. Of radiant or luminous mind, be bright, be polished, to shine; to be or become
clear-minded; of enlightened mind:ujl-k clean.
zr, Fluor albus, the whites:ujl kkr, The
variety of cowhage or cowitch (Dolichos A ajilla (pl. of jall), adj. & s.m. Great;
pruriens) with a white stem:ujl kadd, The illustrious; great men; the great; the illustrious.
long white pumpion or pumpkin, Lagenaria
vulgaris:ujl kaner, Nerium odorum A ijm` [inf. n. iv of ' To assemble,
(album):ujl mir, ujl mir, White pepper, collect'], s.m. Act of assembling; assembly;
Piper album:ujl muh karn, v.t. To clear council; senate; court of justice; crowd;
one's honour or reputation; to exculpate; to collection; amount; whole;concurrence,
acquit:ujl muh hon, v.n. To have one's agreement:ijm`i-ummat, s.m. General
honour restablished; to be exculpated; be assembly or convocation of the people;
acquitted:ujl hull, The viscid cleome unanimous consent:ijm`i-abat, s.m. The
(Cleome viscosa), the seeds of which, called unanimous authority of the companions of
hor ajwn, are regarded by the native Moammad on a point of law.
practitioners as anthelmintic and carminative:
ujl hon, To be light; to be bright, be polished, A ijml [inf. n. iv of ' To collect'], s.m.
to shine; to be or become clean; to be dressed in Summing up; recapitulation; abstract,
clean clothes. abridgment, summary, compendium, epitome,
synopsis;joint occupancy or possession.
H ujlpan, = H A P ijml, adj. Gross; abridged; succinct;
compendious; brief; undivided, held in common
ujlpan, [S. +], s.m. (as an estate).
Brightness, radiance, luminosity; A ajmal (compar. & super. of jaml),
enlightenment; clearness; whiteness; plainness adj. More, or most, beautiful; perfect.
(e.g. us-k ujl-pan-h gahn th).

46
H ajmd, and ajmod [S. A ajns (pl. of jins), s.f. Kinds, sorts,
species; various sorts; goods, chattels, effects;
], s.m.f.? Lit. 'goat's delight'; parsley articles, commodities.
(Apium involucratum); the common carraway
(Carum carui); a kind of lovage (Ligusticum S ajnn (aggyn), s.m. Non-
ajwan).
cognizance; ignorance, stupidity, folly:adj.
S ajin, s.m. The hairy skin of an Ignorant, unwise, simple, witless, foolish.
antelope, tiger, &c. which serves the religious
student for a couch, seat, &c. H ajnpan (aggynpan) [S.
S aja (pron. aggya in E. and N.W. +], s.m. Ignorance, stupidity, folly.
India), adj. & s.m. (f. -), Not knowing,
ignorant, stupid, idiotic; unknown;an S ajnat, s.f.=ajnpan, q.v.
ignorant person, &c.:adv. Unwittingly.
S aj (aggy), 1=next; 2 (fem. of S ajn (aggyn), adj. & s.m. (f.
ajna), an ignorant woman, &c. -in), Ignorant; unwise, foolish;an ignoramus.
S j (ggy), s.f. Command, order
A ajnab, = A ajnab, (from , 'to
(=ukm), injunction, precept; permission, put at a distance), s.m. Stranger, alien;
leave:j-bhanjak, s.m. (f. -ik),=j- foreigner;adj. Strange; foreign; new;
bhang, q.v.:j-bhang, s.m. Law-breaking, unknown.
disobedience, refractoriness, insubordination:
j-bhang, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), Law-breaking, A ajnab, = A ajnab, (from , 'to
refractory, disobedient;a law-breaker, &c.: put at a distance), s.m. Stranger, alien;
j-pl (f. -), and j-plak, adj. & s.m. (f. - foreigner;adj. Strange; foreign; new;
ik), Law-regarding, obedient;an obedient unknown.
person:j-plan, s.m. Regard of orders,
obedience:j-pattra, s.m. Written order or A ajnabyat, s.f. Strangeness; the
authority; edict, warrant, commission: circumstance or state of being a foreigner.
jdhn (i.e. n+dh), adj. & s.m. (f. -),
Amenable to command or authority, tractable, S ajant, adj. (f. -), Ending in a
docile, dutiful; dependent; subservient; a short vowel.
tractable person, &c.:j den (-k), To give
the order (for):j- (or aj-), kr, adj.
S ajat, s.f.= ajnpan, q.v.
Executing an order, obeying, obedient;
ministrant;s.m. (f. -), A servant:j-
krak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik), Commanding, E ajan, s.m. Agent.
ordering;commander; ruler:j-kr, adj.
& s.m. (f. -in), Carrying out orders, obedient; E ajan, s.f. Agency; the office of
ministrant; obsequious;an obedient person:
a political agent or resident at a Native court;
j karn, v.t. To command; to rule; to issue the residence of the same officer, the residency.
the order (for, -k); to execute the order (of):
j-langhan, s.m. Disregarding command or
S ajanma, adj. (f. -), Unborn,
authority; transgression; disobedience:j-
nuvanta, adj. & s.m. (f. -vat). Brought under unbegotten.
control or subjection, subdued, subjected;
obedient person; subject:j-nuvartt, adj. & A ajinna (pl. of jann), s.m. Embryos,
sm. (f. -in), Mindful of or attentive to orders; ftuses.
obedient;one who obeys orders.
H ajwn [S. ;cf. H.
S ajnt (aggyt), adj. (f. -), forms ajw`in, and jw`in], s.f. The seed of a
Unknown; unexpected;unknowing; plant of the dill kind (Ligusticum ajowan); a
unsophisticated, simple:jt-joban (S. species of lovage or bishop's weed with the
ajnta+yauvan), s.f. A girl arrived at maturity flavour of carraways (Ptychotis ajowan), used
and surprised at the symptoms which then medicinally by the natives. (For varieties of the
appear. plant v.s.v. hor, and ursn).

47
H ujwn [S. , caus. of
'to flow'], v.t. To cause a person to pour (water, S ujjwalan, s.m. Burning,
&c.) from one vessel into another; to cause to blazing; shining forth.
be emptied; to empty (a vessel, &c. cf. ujhln);
ujw-len v.t.=ujwan. H ajaul [S. ++],
s.f. As much as will fill the cavity produced by
H , , ajw`in = placing the open hands, slightly hollowed, side
ajwn, q.v. by side; perquisites of the lower castes from the
threshing floor.
H ajw`in, s.f. A kind of
caudle given to puerperal women (Also written H ajo, v.s.v. j.
ahwn.)
H ujhln (caus. from S.
H j-bj (redup. of bj = cf. ujwn), v.t. To pour from one vessel into
P. bz), adv. Round about, around, about, another, to pour out, to empty.
in the vicinity (=s-ps).
H ujha, ujjha, adj.
H ajot [S. + ], adj. Without Ignorant, stupid, clownish, &c. (= uja, q.v.).
lustre; not bright; dull, dim.
H ujhakn [S. ?], v.n. To
H ajot [S. + , rt. ], adj. raise oneself on tip-toe for the purpose of
Uncultivated, untilled, waste (land). observing, to peep, spy. (Cf. uakn.)

H ajh [S. + rt. ], adj. A ajhal (compar. & superl. of jhil),

Untasted, untouched (food). adj. More, or most, ignorant, very ignorant:
s.m. A blockhead.
A ajra (see ajr), s.m. Compensation;
remuneration; wages, hire; rent; fare:ajra- H ujhln, v.t.= ujhln,
dr, s.m. Alabourer for hire; hireling (not a q.v.
regular servant):ajra-dr, s.f. Wages; hire;
payment by the job or piece. H ujhaln, and ujhiln,
v.n. To flow or be poured from one vessel into
H ajaur, s.f. Advances, another:v.t.= ujhln, q.v.:ujhal-den,
particularly to agricultural labourers. (Cf. v.t.=ujhln.
agau.)
H ajah = ajah, q.v.s.v.
H ajo [S. +v.n. of rt. ], adj. j.
Without joining or connection; disconnected,
disjointed, incoherent, incongruous; not H ajhol [S. +v.n. from r.t. ],
matching; ill-matched, ill-sorted; unpaired;
adj. Lit. 'Not shaking or swinging'; of steady
inharmonious; unsuitable,unequalled,
gait or pace (applied to an elephant).
matchless, peerless.
H ajah, v.s.v. j.
H ajk [S. +], s.f. A
mother; (in theatrical language) a courtesan.
H ujheln, ujhln
S ujjwal, adj. (f. -) = ujjal, (caus. of ujhiln), v.t.= ujhln, q.v.
q.v.
H aj [S. interj.+, contr. fr.
S ujjwalit, part. adj. (f. -) = ], Interj. (used in addressing, or to call
ujjalit, q.v. attention, or to express surprise, or contempt),
ho there! I say; Sir! O sir! Good sir! Madam!
S ujjwalat, s.f.= ujlpan, My lady; good woman or good man (forms
used by a husband and wife respectively in
q.v.
addressing each other, it being considered

48
disrespectful for them to call each other by S ajv, and H. aj`u, adj.
name).
Lifeless; deprived of life.

H j, and aj, s.f. (from j), A

S jv, s.m. = S
grandmother.
ajvik (vulg. jvk,j`uk, ajuk), s.f. Means
of subsistence; livelihood; subsistence; food.
S ajay, ajai, adj. Not victorious;
unsuccessful; defeated, beaten; subdued; S ajvik (vulg. jvk, j`uk,
unvanquished; invincible;s.m. Defeat:ajay-
krtt, s.f. Reputation for invincibleness. ajuk), s.f. = S jv, s.m. Means of
subsistence; livelihood; subsistence; food.
H ujyr, = H
ujyl, s.m.= ujl, q.v. S ua, and H. u, u, adj. High,
lofty, exalted; ascendant, predominant;s.m.
H ujyl, = H The apex of the orbit of a planet; the sign of the
zodiac in which a planet obtains its most
ujyr, s.m.= ujl, q.v.
powerful influence:ua-pad, s.m. High rank,
station, or office: ua-pad-dhr, adj. & s.m. (f.
H ajt [S. +], adj. -in), Holding high office or position;a person
Unconquered, unsubdued; unsurpassed; of rank; dignitary; magnate:ua-swar, s.m.
invincible:ajt-baran (S. ajta+vara), s.m. (in Gram.) a long vowel:ua-abd, adj.
Leprosy of a bad or incurable kind. Loud-sounding, loud-voiced:u-k girah
(=S. grahas), Ascendant planet; good or
H ajan, s.m. Adjutant (of which propitious star.
it is a corr.).
H a, corr. of ah, q.v.
A ajyad (for ajwad, compar. & super. of
), adj. Better; best; very good; excellent. H upat [S. +, 'settled'],
s.f. Taking of goods upon credit; a running
A ajr (see ajr), s.m. Hired labourer or account (as with a baniy); credit; the goods
servant, hireling, mercenary; slave. taken on credit;knavery, knavish tricks,
fraud.
H ajran [S. +, rt. ]. adj.
Not decomposed; unimpaired; undigested; H upt, s.m. One who gives, or
indigestible; unwholesome, injurious, who takes, goods on credit; creditor; debtor;
pernicious; disagreeable, distasteful, sickening, customer;upt-lekh, s.m. Account of
nauseating, wearying, wearisome, tedious, sick goods taken on credit, bill.
or weary (of); persistent, unremitting;
inveterate, chronic (as a disease); excessive (so
as to produce nausea, disgust, &c.); hardy, H u, u [S.
strong;s.m. Surfeit, indigestion; flatulence; +, rt. ], adj. Driven away, caused to
nausea, &c.:ajran hon, To be sickening, disappear; banished; scared, terrified;
nauseating, wearying, &c.; to be surfeited; to be bewildered; wild-looking; separated; alienated,
glutted (lit. & fig.); to be produced in estranged; displeased, offended; dissatisfied;
abundance, to abound. indifferent; weary (of); disgusted (with);
disheartened; sad, sorrowful;s.f. (S.
H ujjain [S. ], s.m. Ujain, uana), Driving away; banishing; breaking
a city (and a province), so called, formerly the (as sleep); separation, estrangement, alieation;
capital of Vikramditya; it is one of the seven terror, scared look or appearance; longing to be
sacred cities of the Hinds, and the point separated; vexation; sadness, sorrow;
whence their geographers take their first weariness; disgust:u khn, v.n. To be
meridian. alienated or estranged; to be scared; to feel
aversion, weariness, disgust, &c.:ut lagn,
H ujel (also ujel) = ujl. v.n. To be scared, terrified, &c.; to be averse
q.v. (to); disgusted (with); weary (of), &c.:u
hon or ho-jn, v.n. To be driven away,
banished; to be alienated, &c. (=u khn,

49
q.v.); to be displeased or offended (with -se), be
disgusted (with), &c. S ryn, = S
ry, s.f. The wife of an rya; a
S uan, s.m. The act of
spiritual preceptress.
driving away, alienating, &c. (See u.)
S rya, s.m. Guide or
H un, v.t. To drive or turn
instructor in religious matters, especially one
away (from), to scare away; to dissuade (from); who invests the student with the sacrificial
to banish, to break or disturb (sleep); to thread and instructs him in the Vedas, in the law
separate, divide; to cause to rebound; to cause of sacrifice and the mysteries of religion; priest;
to splash; to dishearten, discourage; to sadden, founder, or leader of a sect; a learned pa it; a
to make anxiousu-den = un title affixed to the names of learned men.
intensified. (See un.)
H un, s.f. Height, elevation.
S r (and H. ar), s.m.
Manner of life, conduct, behaviour; custom,
H an [S. +], v.t. To
practice, usage; established rule of conduct;
institute; religious observance; essential rites rinse the mouth (before and after eating, and
and ceremonies:r-varjit, adj. Irregular, out before religious ceremonies, &c.); to sip water;
of rule; out of caste;s.m. An outcast. to gargle.

P H r (vulg. ar), s.m. H un [S. ], v.t. To raise,

Pickles:ar bann, v.t. To make pickles; to elevate, exalt; to hoist, to lift up (a burden).
pickle:ar karn, or kar-den, v.t. To beat
severely, to make (one) smart:ar-k hn, H anak, = H
s.f. Pickle-jar:ar nikln or nikl-den, anak, [S. +], adv. Suddenly,
v.t.=ar karn.
unawares, unexpectedly; all at once; by chance;
inadvertently; unconsciously; unwittingly:
H ur, ur, s.m.= ura, anak paka n, v.t. To take unawares, to
q.v. surprise.

S urit, part. Pronounced, H anak, = H

uttered, articulated. anak, [S. +], adv. Suddenly,
unawares, unexpectedly; all at once; by chance;
H araj, arj, s.m.= inadvertently; unconsciously; unwittingly:
rya, q.v. anak paka n, v.t. To take unawares, to
surprise.
S ura, s.m. Pronunication;
utterance; articulation; enunciation; expression, H uw [S. +, from
delivery:ura karn, v.t. To pronounce, ], s.m. Talking in one's sleep; dreaming
&c., to speak, express.
uneasily; bawling aloud, or raving, in sleep;
incubus or nightmare.
H urn, urn, v.t. To
pronounce, &c.=ura karn, q.v.s.v. H uh, corr. of uhh, q.v.
ura.
H apal [ redund.+S. ], =
S r, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
Following established rites and practices, H apal (f. - [++], adj.
observant of religious ceremonies; religious, Restless, uneasy, agitated, impatient; unsteady,
pious;one who follows established rules and wavering, irresolute; variable, inconstant,
practices, &c.; a religious man; a devotee. fickle, wanton, giddy, skittish; active, swift,
brisk; sprightly, playful, frisky, vivacious;
S ry, = S inconsiderate, careless; unruly, refractory,
restive, headstrong, self-willed, obstinate,
ryn, s.f. The wife of an rya; a spiritual perverse, wayward.
preceptress.

50
 H uat [S. ], adv. On high,
H apal (f. -) [++], = aloft.
H apal [ redund.+S. ],
adj. Restless, uneasy, agitated, impatient; S uat, s.f. Height, loftiness;
unsteady, wavering, irresolute; variable, exaltation.
inconstant, fickle, wanton, giddy, skittish;
active, swift, brisk; sprightly, playful, frisky, H atn-patn
vivacious; inconsiderate, careless; unruly,
= ahtn-pahtn, q.v.
refractory, restive, headstrong, self-willed,
obstinate, perverse, wayward.
S uitat, s.f. Propriety, fitness,
H apalpan (-pan = S. ), befittingness, obligatoriness, &c. (See uit.)

s.m. = H apalha (-ha

S aatur, adj. Not cunning, not
= S. ), s.f. = H apalt (S. dexterous or skilful; stupid, inapt; inactive,
apalat), s.f. = H apal, slow.
s.f. Restlessness; fickleness, inconstancy;
playfulness, &c. (See apal.) H u n (caus. of ua n),
v.t.= u n, q.v.
H apalha (-ha = S.
H ua n [S. +], v.n. To
), s.f. = H apalpan (-
go away (from, -se); to withdraw (from); to
pan = S. ), s.m. = H apalt separate, part (from); to divide; to be separated,
(S. apalat), s.f. = H detached, severed; to come off (as plaster from
apal, s.f. Restlessness; fickleness, a wall); to be dropped or lost; to be alienated
inconstancy; playfulness, &c. (See apal.) (from); to be displeased or offended (with); to
be weary (of); to be banished, broken, or
disturbed (as sleep); to be scared away; to
H apalt (S. apalat), rebound (as a sword striking a hard body
s.f. = H apalpan (-pan = S. obliquely), glance off, recoil, spring back; to
spring, bound, leap again; to slip away:ua -
), s.m. = H apalha (-
jn = ua n intensified.
ha = S. ), s.f. = H apal, s.f.
Restlessness; fickleness, inconstancy; S aar, adj. Immovable, fixed,
playfulness, &c. (See apal.) stationary; inanimate.

H apal, s.f. = H S air, adj. Not of long duration,

apalpan (-pan = S. ), s.m. = H brief; transitory, evanescent; not of long date,
recent.
apalha (-ha = S. ),
s.f. = H apalt (S. H ar [S. +], s.m. The
apalat), s.f. Restlessness; fickleness, border or hem of a woman's garment, or skirt,
inconstancy; playfulness, &c. (See apal.) or mantle (dar): see a r and a l.

H aut [S. +, rt. ], adj. H uarit = urit, q.v.

Lit. '(A woman) inducing men to come near
her'; weak, foolish, stupid, senseless, idiotic.
H aut = ayut, q.v. [S. ], s.m. A wonder, miracle, marvel,
S uit, adj. Proper, meet, just, right,
fit, becoming, seemly, befitting, suitable;
convenient; expedient, obligatory, necessary;
acceptable; advisable.
H araj = H ara
prodigy; wonder, surprise, astonishment;adj.
Wonderful, astonishing, surprising, remarkable,
extraordinary:araj n, v.n. To be possessed
with a feeling of wonder, to be astonished:
araj karn, To do something wonderful; to
perform a miracle.

51
H ara = H araj H uakkpan, s.m. = H
[S. ], s.m. A wonder, miracle, marvel, uakkpan, s.m. = H
prodigy; wonder, surprise, astonishment;adj. uakkgar, s.f. Pilfering, thieving;
Wonderful, astonishing, surprising, remarkable,
cozening, swindling, knavery, fraud.
extraordinary:araj n, v.n. To be possessed
with a feeling of wonder, to be astonished:
araj karn, To do something wonderful; to H uakkgar, s.f. = H
perform a miracle. uakkpan, s.m. = H
uakkpan, s.m. Pilfering,
H arajyut, part. adj.
thieving; cozening, swindling, knavery, fraud.
Astonished, &c.= aryit, q.v.
H ukn (caus. of uakn,
S ara , s.m. Manner of life,
q.v.), v.t. To lift or raise up; to jerk up; to shrug
conduct, deportment; custom, usage, practice; (the shoulders).
an institute, rite or rule of conduct; religious
observance:ara karn, To behave; to do,
act; to practise, make a practice (of, -k). H akar [S. ++],
s.f. Wantonness, lasciviousness; wickedness.
H arn, v.t. To do, act,
&c.=ara karn, q.v. S aakshu, adj. Blind;s.f.
Spectacles.
H uarn, uarn [S.
H akan, s.m. A long coat
+], v.n. To rise (as pustules, boils, &c.),
buttoned in front.
to come off, separate (as the skin from the flesh,
crust or scales, &c.);to be pronounced,
uttered, spoken, &c.:v.t.= urn, q.v. S aikkan, adj. Unpolished,
rough.
H urang [S. ++], s.m.
A moth (=patang). H ukan (v.n. of ukn),
s.m.= u hangan, q.v.
H ara = ara , q.v.
H iakn [S. +], v.n. To
H aak = anak, q.v. shew the teeth, grin (as a dog or monkey).

H uakn (from uckana)

H aak [S. ?], adj. Brimful,
v.n. To be raised or lifted up; to rise; to be
chock-full. jerked up.

H uk (fr. ukn), s.m. The reel H uakn [see uakk; and cf. S.
on which the silk with which kites are flown is
wound. ], v.n. To leap up, bound up, spring up,
jump up; to stand on tip-toe; to slip out (of), to
H uakk [S. ++], s.m. (f. drop; to escape, slip away, make off;v.t. To
snatch, snap, pounce upon:uak len, uak le-
-), One who suddenly snatches up a thing and jn, v.t. To snatch away; carry off suddenly, or
makes off with it; a shop-lifter, pick-pocket, by stealth, or by artifice or fraud; to anticipate
pilferer, thief, knave, swindler, sharper. (as in utterance or speech).

H uakkpan, s.m. = H H agar, s.f.= akar, q.v.

uakkpan, s.m. = H
uakkgar, s.f. Pilfering, thieving;
cozening, swindling, knavery, fraud.
S acal, adj. Not moving; incapable
of moving; immovable, firm, fixed, stationary;
inanimate;s.m. A mountain; an aged and
infirm person.

52
S aal, s.f. The earth (supposed, as before meals or religious ceremonies:aman
karn, To rinse the mouth, &c.
the centre of the universe, to be immovable).

H ain [S. +], adj.

H al, s.m.= ar, q.v.
Undistinguished; without note or consequence.
H uln (caus. of next, q.v.),
H an [S. ], v.t. To rinse
v.t. To cause to be separated (one thing from
the mouth, &c. See aman.
another), to have (one thing) separated (from
another).
H aamb = aamb, q.v.
H ualn [S. +], v.n. To
be separated; to separate (as skin from the flesh,
or as scales, scabs, &c.). S aint, adj. & s.m. (f. -),
Thoughtless, regardless, heedless, careless,
H aamb, = H rash;a thoughtless person, &c.
aambh, [ redund.+S. ], s.m.
S aint, = H
Wonderful thing, wonder, marvel; wonder,
aint`, s.f. Thoughtlessness, heedlessness,
surprise, astonishment, amazement,
inconsiderateness, disregard, carelessness,
bewilderment, perplexity:adj. (f. -),
unconcern; negligence, neglect.
Wonderful, marvellous, astonishing, surprising;
astounding; extraordinary, uncommon, strange,
rare:aambh karn (-se), To marvel (at), be H aint`, = S
astonished, surprised, astounded, &c. (at): aint, s.f. Thoughtlessness, heedlessness,
aambhe- (or aambe-)k, adj. (f. -), inconsiderateness, disregard, carelessness,
Surprising, strange, extraordinary, uncommon, unconcern; negligence, neglect.
new, &c.:aambh mnn, v.t. To regard as
wonderful, &c.:aambhe- (or aambe-) me S aintit. part. adj. Not thought
n, and aambe hon, To be lost in wonder,
of; unexpected; disregarded.
astonishment, or amazement; to be astounded,
bewildered, perplexed, &c.
S aanal, adj. (f. -), Unmoved;
H aambh, = H immovable, firm, fixed; steady, constant;
inactive.
aamb, [ redund.+S. ], s.m.
Wonderful thing, wonder, marvel; wonder, S aa , adj. (f. -), Not hot-
surprise, astonishment, amazement,
tempered, gentle, tractable.
bewilderment, perplexity:adj. (f. -),
Wonderful, marvellous, astonishing, surprising;
astounding; extraordinary, uncommon, strange, H awn, s.f.= ahwn,
rare:aambh karn (-se), To marvel (at), be and ajw`in, qq.v.
astonished, surprised, astounded, &c. (at):
aambhe- (or aambe-)k, adj. (f. -), H aor [S. +], s.f. Not
Surprising, strange, extraordinary, uncommon, stealing.
new, &c.:aambh mnn, v.t. To regard as
wonderful, &c.:aambhe- (or aambe-) me
n, and aambe hon, To be lost in wonder, H ak [S. ++, rt. ],
astonishment, or amazement; to be astounded, adj. Unfailing, sure, unerring; infallible;
bewildered, perplexed, &c. certain:s.m. An unerring marksman, a dead
shot.
H aambhit [
H awan, s.m.= aman, q.v.
redund.+], part. adj. Astonished,
amazed, astounded; bewildered, perplexed;
alarmed. H ah, ah [S. ], s.m.
Terrestrial latitude; a die (for playing with); a
S aman, man, s.m. Rinsing cube:ah-a , or ah- , s.m. A degree
of latitude:aha bhg, s.m. Idem.
the mouth; the act of sipping a little water from
the palm of the hand by way of purification

53
H ahi, ahi [S. ], s.m. The &c.; to practise self-denial:ih hon (-k,
with dat. of agent), To wish (for), &c.
eye:ahi-tr, s.f. The pupil of the eye.

S hdit, part. Covered;

H ihu [S. ], s.f. Sugar-cane (cf.
concealed; guarded.
kh):ihu-ras, s.m. Juice of the sugar-cane:
ihu-sr, s.m. Raw or unrefined sugar,
molasses. S hdan, s.m. Covering;
cloak; cloth; garment:hdan karn. v.t. To
H ah [S. ], adj. (f. -), cover; conceal.
Good; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; nice,
fine;sound; hale; healthy; salubrious (as H uhr, [S. +, rt. ],
climate); genuine, pure, unadulterated; s.m. Covering, curtain, screen.
pleasant, pleasing, agreeable; amiable, kind
benevolent, humane; virtuous, righteous; well- H uhl (v.n. of next), s.f. Motion
behaved;clever, skilful (workman);proper,
upwards; spring upwards: tossing up or about,
suitable, fitting;favourable, propitious; lucky,
&c. (see uhln):uhl-citt, and uhl-
fortunate; happy; prosperous;reasonable,
hakk, s.f. A forward wanton woman who
moderate, cheap;fertile, productive (soil):
exposes her bosom; a harlot.
adv. Well, correctly, properly; nicely, finely;
opportunely;yes, very good, very well, all
right; granted; true; quite right:interj. Well! H uhln (caus. of uhaln
very good! very well! how fine! well done! q.v.), v.t. To throw up, toss up; to dandle, fling
bravo! capital! all right!:ahe, ahe ahe, up (a child); to cast up, vomit; to toss about,
s.m. pl. The good; superiors; great men; men of bandy, treat with disrespect, bring discredit
birth, rank or learning, &c.;forefathers, on:uhl-den, v.t. (intens. of uhln), To
ancestors:ah t ara , ah t ara -se, throw or toss up, &c.
adv. Well, properly, carefully; in a fitting
manner, suitably; abundantly; so as one could
wish, satisfactorily; adequately:ahe-se H ahn [+rt. of hnn,
ah, adj. The best of all; the very best: q.v.] adj. Not strained; impure.
ah karn, v.t. To do good; to do well or
right;to make (one) well, to restore to health,
heal, cure:ah kar-den, v.t. To restore to H uho, = H
health, heal, cure:ah kahn, v.t. To say uhh, uhh, = H uhh, [S.
yes; to pronounce or call good; to speak well of
; cf. also S. ], s.m. Festival, jubilee,
(-ko):ah-kah, interj. Well said! how fine!
what next!:ah lagn, v.n. To be pleasing, public demonstration of joy; joy, gladness,
agreeable or palatable, to please; to appear merry-making:uhh-wl, s.m. One who
pretty or becoming, to look well; to become, exults; boaster, braggart.
befit, suit; to afford pleasure (to); to derive
pleasure or enjoyment (from), to enjoy, relish; H uhh, uhh, = H
to have a good effect, prove beneficial, to
uho, = H uhh, [S.
benefit:ah hon, or ho-jn, v.n. To
become or get well, to recover; to be healed or ; cf. also S. ], s.m. Festival, jubilee,
cured; to be in good health. public demonstration of joy; joy, gladness,
merry-making:uhh-wl, s.m. One who
S ih, s.f. Wish, desire; will; exults; boaster, braggart.
pleasure; inclination, appetite; aim; ambition:
ih bhojan, s.m. Desired or longed-for food; H uhh, = H uho,
choice food; food agreeable and abundant to the = H uhh, uhh, [S. ; cf.
utmost desire:ih-r, s.m. (f. -in), One
who acts according to his own will:ih also S. ], s.m. Festival, jubilee, public
rakhn (-k), To have a desire (for), to wish demonstration of joy; joy, gladness, merry-
(for), desire, crave; to solicit; to aim (at), making:uhh-wl, s.m. One who exults;
purpose; to be ambitious (of):ih karn (- boaster, braggart.
k) = ih rakhn:ih lagn (-k), To feel a
longing or craving (for), to long (for), crave: H ahat [S. +], s.m.
ih mrn (apn), To subdue desire, appetite,
Unbroken or whole grain; whole grains of rice

54
used in religious ceremonies; a few grains of
rice; fried grain:part. adj. Infallible;
S ihuk, ihak, adj.
remaining, abiding, permanent, indelible:
Wishing; wishful, desirous.
ahat-tilak, s.f. The ceremony of putting a few
grains of rice on the forehead of an idol, or of a
Brhman when invited to an entertainment. H uhln (caus. of next), v.t.
To cause to be thrown up, &c.; also=uhln,
H ihit (fr. , and=S. ), q.v.
part adj. Wished for, desired.
H uhaln [S. +], v.n. To
H ahtn- leap, bound, spring, jump; to spout up, fly out,
gush out, spurt out; to fly or bounce up, shoot
pahtn [S. + redupl.], v.n. To up; to dance about, cut capers; to fly (at, -par),
repent, regret; to grieve, repine. spring (upon); to fly into a passion, to dance
with rage:uhal-pa n, v.n. To spring (upon,
S ahatra, s.m. The state of a fallen -par); to break into a passion, fly into a rage:
uhal-jn, v.n.=uhaln:uhal-kd, s.f.
king; friendlessness, forlorn condition,
Leaping and jumping; hopping and skipping;
destitution.
gambols; dancing and cutting capers.
H uha (v.n. from next), s.f.
ihu-meh [S. + ],
H
Holding aloof (from), avoiding, shunning;
adj. Diabetic.
retirement, retreat.

H ihan [S. ], s.m. Seeing,

H uhha n, v.n. To withdraw
sight, eye.
(from, -se), to tire or be weary (of); to be
offended (with), &c. (=ua n, q.v.).
S hanna, part. (f. -),
H ahar = akshar, q.v. Covered, concealed; protected.

S uhinna, part. Destroyed,

H ahir, s.m. Ulcers in the throat,
ruined, laid waste; deficient.
the thrush. (Cf. hr.)

H hn, = H ahn,
H uharn = uhaln, q.v.
[S. +], n. To be, exist; to remain, abide,
H ahrang [S. ++]. stay.
s.m. Calumnious accusation; calumny.
H ahn, = H hn,
H ahrau [S. + ], s.f. [S. +], n. To be, exist; to remain, abide,
The music of a stringed instrument played so as stay.
to express the words of a song. (See next.)
H uhang [S. ], s.m. Lap;
H ahrau , s.f. slope of a mountain; a roof.
Orthography;a inode of playing upon a
stringed instrument so as to express the words H uh [S. + ], s.m.
of a song;a Turkish guitar, lute or mandoline.
Suffocation, choking:uh hon, or ho-jn,
v.n. To be suffocated or choked.
H ahar [S. ], s.m. An
elegant penman or caligrapher; a lettered or S uhws (cf. uh), s.m.
scientific person.
Breath, breathing; hope, expectation; division
H uha n = ukha n, of a book.
q.v.
H ahwn, s.f. A caudle or
S uhish , s.m. Remains of gruel given to puerperal women. (See ajw`in).
food, leavings, fragments, scraps.

55
H aht [S. + +], part. S aetan, adj.= aet;
adj. (f. -), Not to be touched, intangible (as and= aaitanya, qq.v.
food for religious persons, &c.); inviolable;
untouched, untasted; unpolluted, undefiled; S aaitanya, adj. (f. -), Not
unblemished; clean, pure; unused, new.
possessing or exhibiting the qualities which
distinguish men from brutes; without sensation
H ahodan [S. and or consciousness; brutish, irrational; senseless.
], s.m. Hunting, the chase.
H ueln (caus of ualn, q.v.),
H ahauhin [S. v.t. To separate one thing from another; to peel
off (skin, scales, scabs, &c.); to pare.
+], s.f. A complete army, consisting
of 109,350 foot, 65,610 horse, 21,870 chariots, H aain [S. +], adj. Uneasy,
and 21,870 elephants.
uncomfortable.
H ahay, ahai [S. +], adj. A d (pl. of a ad), s.m. Units; cardinal
Imperishable; undecayable:ahai-lok, s.m. numbers.
The imperishable world, heaven.
A a ds , s.f. (pl. of ads ),
H hep [S. +, rt. ], Traditions, particularly traditions or sayings of
s.m. Throwing away; convulsion; a putting Mo ammad, as constituting the basis of the
upon; reproof, censure, blame; sarcasm, irony. sunnat or traditional law.
A t a, vulg. t a [inf. n. iv cf ,
H aet [S. +], adj. Destitute 'to surround'], s.m. Surrounding, enclosing;
of consciousness; unconscious; inanimate; enclosed space; enclosure; premises; precincts;
insensible; senseless; fainting; out of one's division of territory, province; boundary, limit;
mind; thoughtless; heedless, careless, compass: t a karn, v.t. To surround,
regardless; inattentive; off one's guard; enclose; hem in; invest; confine; fence; to
negligent; forgetful; stupid:s.m. A bound, limit; appoint the limits (of, -k):
thoughtless, or stupid person, &c.:aet hon, t a ghern (-k), To surround with a fence,
v.n. To be thoughtless, be insensible (to); to &c., to lay down the limits or boundary (of),
become or be insensible, or in a swoon, &c. &c. See t a karn.

S ayut, adj. Fixed, permanent; A a abb (compar. & super. of abb),

imperishable, undecaying, immortal, eternal: adj. More, or most, beloved; most, or very,
s.m. An epithet of Vishnu or God. lovely; very amiable:s.m. A friend.

A a ibba, = A a bb, (pl. of abb),

H at [S. + +], adj.
s.m. Friends, lovers; dear ones.
Unwished for, undesired.
A a bb, = A a ibba, (pl. of abb),
H at [S. ++], adj. Not s.m. Friends, lovers; dear ones.
variegated; not painted (paper, &c.).
A trz [inf. n. viii of ], s.m.
Guarding (against), being cautious (of);
H aetpan, s.m. = H
abstaining (from); abstinence; regimen;
aetat, s.f. Unconsciousness, forbearance; controlling the passions and
insensibility; thoughtlessness, obliviousness; appetites: trz karn (-se), To guard
inattention, neglect, forgetfulness; stupidity. (against), be on (one's) guard (against), protect
oneself (from); to refrain (from); to avoid, shun;
H aetat, s.f. = H to abstain (from).

aetpan, s.m. Unconsciousness, A trq [inf. n. viii of ], s.m.

insensibility; thoughtlessness, obliviousness; Burning conflagration; strong desire;
inattention, neglect, forgetfulness; stupidity. vehemence; ardour.

56
A trm [inf. n. viii of ], s.m. exercise caution, care, or circumspection (in), to
Holding in veneration, reverencing, respecting, be careful (in); to mind, attend, heed; to guard,
honouring; paying attention (to); reverence, take care (of); to take precautions: tiyt -
veneration, respect; deference, attention. se, adv. Cautiously, with circumspection,
warily; carefully, &c.
A tsb [inf. n. viii of ' To
compute'], s.m. Making up accounts, reckoning, A tiyt a (acc. of tiyt ), adv.
estimating;superintendence of police; Cautiously, circumspectly, &c.= tiyt -se,
superintendence of weights and measures in the q.v.
markets of a town. a jr, s.m. (pl. of ajar), Stones;
brood mares.
A P tsb, s.m. Superintendent or
clerk of the markets, whose business it is to A a ad, s.m. Unity; one; an individual:
inspect and regulate the weights, measures, a adu`t -tarfain, One of the two parties (in a
qualities, and prices of grain and other market law-suit):a adu`l-muta imain, One of
commodities:s.f. The office of a the two suitors (in court).
superintendent or clerk of the markets.
A a ds , s.m., = A P a ds ,
A tshm [inf. n. viii of ], s.m. s.f., [inf. n. iv of ' to exist newly'], Bringing
Having many followers or dependants, &c.; into existence; causing to be made; making or
pomp, retinue, magnificence. constructing afresh; production; invention;
novelty; innovation.
A tkr [inf. n. viii of , 'To act
wrongfully'], s.m. Collecting and hoarding up A P a ds , s.f., = A a ds ,
grain, &c. in expectation of its becoming dear. s.m., [inf. n. iv of ' to exist newly'],
Bringing into existence; causing to be made;
A tlm [inf. n. viii of ], s.m. making or constructing afresh; production;
Emission of the seminal fluid in dreaming; invention; novelty; innovation.
nocturnal pollution.
A a ad, vulg. a d, s.m. A body of
A tml [inf. n. viii of ' to bear'], Indian veterans of the time of the Emperor
s.m. Supposition, hypothesis; admissibleness, Akbar, somewhat of the nature of pensioners,
allowableness; probability; likelihood; but liable to be called out for active service on
presumption; uncertainty, doubt; attributing; emergency; (hence) one who is supported by
imputation: tml karn, To suppose, the king as a pensioner, without rendering
presume, &c., to doubt; to attribute or impute service of any kind; (hence) a lazy, indolent
(to): tml hon, To be allowable or fellow.
admissible; to be probable, &c.
A a adyat, s.f. Unity, the being singular;
A tmla (acc. of tml), adv. individuality;concord; alliance.
Hypothetically; presumably; probably, most
likely, &c. A a rr (pl. of urr), com. gen. The
noble, free-born, the ingenuous, the liberal.
A P tml, adj. Hypothetical,
problematical, conjectural; presumable; A rq [inf. n. iv of ], s.m. Setting
probable, likely; doubtful, questionable, on fire, burning.
uncertain; suspicious.
A rm [inf. n. iv of ], s.m. Lit. 'The
A tiyj [inf. n. viii of ], s.f. act of entering upon a thing, or state, or time,
Necessity, want, need; occasion, exigence; that caused what was before allowable or
urgency: tiyj hon (-k t araf), To be in lawful, to be forbidden or unlawful'; refraining
need (of), &c. from venereal intercourse, &c. during the
month of Mo arram;determination or
A tiyjt, s.f. pl. (of tiyj), resolution to enter upon the performance of the
Necessities, wants, requisite things, necessaries. ajj or pilgrimage to Mecca;the period of
pilgrimage at Mecca;the garment worn by
A tiyt [inf. n. viii of ], s.f. pilgrims on entering Mecca, consisting of two
Caution, care, scrupulousness, attention, heed; wrappers without seam (also jma`e rm):
vigilance; precaution; circumspection: rm b dhn, v.n. To make one's vows as a
tiyt rakhn, tiyt karn (-me ), To pilgrim, at a certain stage from Mecca

57
appointed for the purpose, preparatory to
entrance into the holy city. A a san (compar. & super. of ), adj.
Better; best; more, or most, goodly, or comely,
A a zn, s.m. (pl. of uzn), Griefs, or beautiful; excellent; preferable; agreeable.
sorrows; grievances.
A a sant (Lit. 'Thou hast done well,'
A sn, s.m., = A P sn, s.f., &c.), interj. Bravo! Well done!
[inf. n. iv of ' to be or become good,' &c.],
Doing that which is good; beneficence, A a sh, s.m. (pl. of ash), The
benefaction, benevolent action, benefit, favour, contents of the belly, bowels, intestines; the
kindness, good offices, obligation conferred: contents of the thorax, the heart, liver, lungs,
sn jatn, v.t. To upbraid (one) with favours &c.
conferred, to cast obligations in the teeth of; to
speak or boast of kindnesses or benefits A a shm, s.m. (pl. of hasham),
conferred: sn rakhn (-par), To confer a Dependants, followers, retinue, servants,
favour (upon); to place (one) under an retainers; a kind of militia or armed police:
obligation: sn-farmosh, adj. Forgetful of a shm-daftar, s.m. Muster-roll of retainers,
benefits or favours; ungrateful, thankless: &c.:a shm-daftar-dr, s.m. One who keeps
sn-k badl, s.m. Requital or return for a the roll of the retainers, or of the militia, &c.;
favour; grateful acknowledgment: sn the militia accountant:a shm-j`egr, s.f.
karn (-par), To confer a favour or benefit An assignment of revenue for the support of
(upon), to oblige, to benefit; to do a kind act, or irregular troops or local militia.
a good turn (to): sn len (se), To accept or
receive a favour (from); to be under obligation A [inf. n. iv of ], s.m.f.
(to): sn mnn (-k), To acknowledge or Numbering, reckoning; describing;
be grateful for kindness, &c. (of or from); to comprehension.
feel obliged, feel grateful: sn-mand, adj.
Grateful, thankful; obliged: sn-mand, s.f. A n [inf. n. iv of ], s.m.
Gratefulness, thankfulness; a sense of Besieging; circumscribing; restraining.
obligation.
A r [inf. n. iv of ], s.m.
A P sn, s.f., = A sn, s.m., Causing to be present, or to appear (= ir
[inf. n. iv of ' to be or become good,' &c.], karn); summoning; bringing; summons.
Doing that which is good; beneficence,
benefaction, benevolent action, benefit, favour, ? a aqq (compar. & super. of ), adj.
kindness, good offices, obligation conferred: More, or most, proper or deserving; very
sn jatn, v.t. To upbraid (one) with favours proper; very deserving.
conferred, to cast obligations in the teeth of; to
speak or boast of kindnesses or benefits A qq [inf. n. iv of ' To be or become
conferred: sn rakhn (-par), To confer a just,' &c.], s.m. The act of proving or
favour (upon); to place (one) under an establishing the truth of a doctrine; manifesting
obligation: sn-farmosh, adj. Forgetful of or showing a truth, or right or due; restoring to
benefits or favours; ungrateful, thankless: rights; administration of justice.
sn-k badl, s.m. Requital or return for a
favour; grateful acknowledgment: sn A a qar, adj. (compar. & super. of ],
karn (-par), To confer a favour or benefit More or most contemptible, vile, or
(upon), to oblige, to benefit; to do a kind act, or unworthy:s.m. Your most unworthy slave,
a good turn (to): sn len (se), To accept or &c. (a self-humiliating expression).
receive a favour (from); to be under obligation
(to): sn mnn (-k), To acknowledge or A a km, s.m. (pl. of ukm), Orders,
be grateful for kindness, &c. (of or from); to commands; decrees, injunctions, ordinances,
feel obliged, feel grateful: sn-mand, adj. statutes; judicial decisions; a summons, or
Grateful, thankful; obliged: sn-mand, s.f. injunction:a km-nma, s.m. Written orders;
Gratefulness, thankfulness; a sense of authority in writing,
obligation.
A a kmt, s.m. pl. of, and=a km,
A snt, s.m. (pl. of sn), Favours, q.v.
kindnesses, benefits, good offices, &c.

A P snmand, adj. v.s.v. sn.

58
A P a km, s.m. One who is ordered by A a wal, adj. Squinting, squint-eyed.
the ruling powers, one who is appointed by (Syn. bhe g.)
authority.
A a y (pl. of haiy, 'alive'), s.m. The
A a kam, adj. (compar. & super. of ), living.
Stronger, strongest; firmer; very firm; more,
most, or very stable A y [inf. n. iv of ' to live'], s.m. The
act of making alive, giving life, vivification,
A a mad, adj. (compar. & super. of ), quickening; restoring (the dead) to life:
More, or most, praiseworthy (= y`u`l-mawt, Lit. 'Reviving the dead'; (Fig.)
mo ammad):prop. n.=Mo ammad. bringing waste land into cultivation.

A a mad, adj. & s.m. Belonging to A a yna (acc. of a yn, the pl. of
A mad;a Mo ammadan; name of a gold n, q.v.), adv. Sometimes, occasionally,
coin. now and then, once in a way; from time to time;
(if) at any time; in the event (of), in case.
A a mar, adj. Red.
A a , s.m. Brother:a -, my brother.
A a maq, adj. & s.m. Most foolish, very
foolish;fool, simpleton, booby, blockhead, A a br (pl. of ), s.m. sing. lit.
idiot:a maq bann, v.t. To make a fool of; 'News'; newspaper;a br-navs, s.m. A
to make a laughing-stock of, &c.; to fool, cheat, writer of news; "our own correspondent"; editor
&c.:a maq-k dum, s.m. Fool, simpleton, (of a paper).
&c.=a maq:a maqu`l-la , s.m. An arrant
ass, blockhead or fool; a natural. A a bas , adj. (compar. & super. of
q.v.), Very impure or contemptible.
A H a maq--pan, s.m.= a maq-
pan, q.v. P a pa , s.m. Understanding;
wisdom; intelligence.
A P a maqna, adv. Foolishly, stupidly;
(Fig.) The money which an `mil is obliged to A u t, s.f. Sister; female friend:adj.
pay to make good the deficiency of the revenue. Similar; congenial.

A H a maq-pan, = A H a maq- A i titm [inf. n. viii of ' to seal,

pan, = A P a maq, s.f., s.m. Folly, close'], s.m. Finishing; end, conclusion, close,
stupidity, idiocy. completion, fulfilment.

A H a maq-pan, = A H a maq- P a tar [Pehl. akhtar; Zend akhtara], s.m.

pan, = A P a maq, s.f., s.m. Folly, A star; constellation;good fortune, good
stupidity, idiocy. omen; horoscope:a tar-shumr, s.m.
Astrologer:a tar-shumr, s.f. The
A P a maq, s.f., = A H a maq- calculation of one's horoscope.
pan, = A H a maq-pan, s.m. Folly,
stupidity, idiocy. P a tar, corr. of star (=S. +,

A a wl, s.m. (pl. of l, but used as rt. ), bedding, &c. (commonly occurring in
a sing.), State, condition; case; circumstances; the redupl. form) a tar-ba tar,
state of affairs; affairs; events, occurrences; s.m. Bag and baggage, bed and bedding, goods
account:a wl batn, or ln, a wl and chattels, traps.
sunn, and a wl kahn (-k, or apn), To
state (one's) case, condition, &c.; to give an A i tir` [inf. n. viii of ' to cut,
account (of), tell the story (of), narrate the slit'], s.m. Inventing; devising; invention;
circumstances (of), &c:a wl-purs (also - discovery; introducing:i tir` karn, v.t.
purs, or -pursn), s.f. Inquiry after (one's) To invent, devise, &c.
health, or affairs, or condition, &c.:a wl-
phn (-k), To inquire after (one's) health, A i ti r [inf. n. viii of ' to be or
circumstances, &c.; to institute inquiry (into); to become intensely cold'], s.m. Abridgment,
investigate. concise expression, conciseness, brevity,
curtailing; condensation, reduction; epitome,
summary, abstract, compendium, precis:

59
i ti r karn, v.t. To abridge, abbreviate,
&c.; (in arith.) to reduce, simplify
(=mu ta ar karn).
A i ti [inf. n. viii of ' To authority (of, -ke), to be dependent (on):
distinguish particularly'], s.m. Peculiarity;
appropriation.
A i tif [inf. n. viii of ' to be or
become imperceptible'], s.m. Hiding, covering;
concealment.
A i tilt [inf. n. viii of ' to mix'], i tiyr, q.v.
s.m. The state of being mixed; mixture; union;
amalgamation; intercourse, familiarity,
intimacy, friendship, warm attachment
(between, -me ).
A i tilf [inf. n. viii of ' to come extort; exact; to seize on, carp at.
after'], s.m. Disagreement, difference, variance,
discord, dissension, breach, rupture; opposition, A
contrariety; contradiction; incompatibility,
incongruity:i tilf r`e. Difference of
opinion.
A i till [inf. n. viii of
' to become
lean or spare'], s.m. Need, want; interruption,
disturbance, obstacle.
P ta, and a ta [=S. + , or times:
], part. adj. Castrated, gelded;s.m. A
castrated animal; gelding:a ta karn, v.t. day:
To castrate, geld, emasculate: ta-murg , the Mo ammadan year:
s.m. A capon:a ta hon, v.n. To be
castrated or gelded, &c.
H -th (Onomat.), s.m. end, to be over; to come last; to cease to exist,
Hawking and spitting; spit:interj. Foh!
pshaw! tush! pooh! fie!
A i tiyr [inf. n. viii of ' to be
possessed of air or good], s.m. Choice,
election; preference; option, will, pleasure,
discretion; disposal, management, control,
power, authority; right; privilege; liberty;
office, official position or power, jurisdiction;
rule, sway:i tiyr i-ibtid`, Primary
jurisdiction:i tiyr-i-mad o raft, Right of
way:i tiyr-i-jaiz, Legal power or right;
lawful authority:i tiyr rakhn, v.n. To
have or hold a right or title (to); to have the
power; to be at liberty, to be privileged,
authorized, &c.; to have it in (one's) power, to
be able:i tiyr-sarsar, Summary power or
jurisdiction:i tiyr-se, adv. Voluntarily;
optionally; of one's own accord; at pleasure;
freely:i tiyr karn or kar-len, v.t. To
choose, elect; adopt; approve of; to take to,
have recourse to, resort to; to observe; to
determine on; to undertake, take upon
oneself:i tiyr miln, v.n. To be invested
with power or authority:i tiyr-me hon,
v.n. To be in (one's) power; to be subject to the
i tiyr-nma, s.m. Power of attorney;
(=mu tr-nma):i tiyr hon, v.n.
i tiyr rakhn, q.v.
A P i tiyr, adj. In one's power,
subject to election or choice; optional;
voluntary; at one's disposal:s.f.=(incorr. for)
A a a , s.m.f. Taking, seizing;
intercepting; seizure; exaction:a a karn,
v.t. To take (e.g. ba`d a a -i-naql); to adopt;
to assume; to seize; to take away; to claim;
ar, pron. adj. Another, the other.
A ir, adj. The last; aftermost, final;
latter, last-mentioned:s.m. End, extremity;
termination, issue; the latter part or portion
(of): ir, iru`l-amr, ir-kr,
ir-ko, adv. In the end; at last; after all;
ultimately; eventually; once for all, finally:
iru`z-zamn, End of time; the latter
ir-sl, The end of the (revenue)
year; the last year: ir-i-shab, The latter
part of the night; before dawn or break of
ir-k mahn, The sixth month of
ir karn, v.t. To
end, terminate, finish, conclude; to bring to an
end, put an end to; to accomplish, execute:
ir hona, v.n. To come to an end, to be at an
to die.
P ur, s.f.= or, q.v.
A i rj [inf. n. iv of ' to pass or go
out or forth'], s.m. Expulsion, ejection,
dislodgment, turning out of possession,
eviction; exclusion; extraction; derivation;
disbursement, expenditure, expense.
A i rjt, s.m. (pl. of the above),
Expenses, disbursements, costs, charges.
A irat, s.f. The other or next world,
the world to come, the future state (contr. fr.
dru`l- irat or aytu`l- irat):adv. At
the end, at last.
A P irash, adv. At last, ultimately,
&c. See ir, and ir-ko.

60
H a ro [S. ], s.m. A a lt (pl. of ilt ), s.m. The
four humours of man (which were regarded by
Walnut;the fruit of the Aleurites triloba.
the ancients as the constituents of his
composition), viz. blood, phlegm, choler (or
A ir, adj. Last, ultimate, &c.
yellow bile) and melancholy (black bile):
(= ir, q.v.); of or belonging to the end;
a lt -i-arba`a, Idem.
latter: ir bahr, s.f. The latter part of the
spring; the end of the harvest, or fruit season:
A a lq (pl. of ulq), s.m.
ir ahr-shamba, s.m. The last Wednesday
Morals, ethics; morality; virtues; good qualities;
that falls annually in the month Safar, which is
disposition; manners; politeness.
observed as a festival by the Mo ammadans of
India with much solemnity and rejoicing, their
P a n-pul`o (see ya n and cf.
prophet having found himself on that day well
b-i-ya n), s.m. A pul`o (q.v.) made of rice
enough to walk abroad for the first time after a
cooked in the juice of boiled meat, with fowl
very severe illness: ir isb- ar,
and spices.
s.m. Adjustment of revenue at the end of the
year.
A i wn, = A i wat, (pl. of
a ), s.m. Brothers, brethren; friends,
A irn (obl. pl. of ir), s.m. Last
companions (generally speaking, however, the
or latest comers; posterity;adj. Last:
former of these words is applied to 'friends' or
irn arf, s.m. Decree of fate: irn
the like, and the latter denotes relationship):
dam, The last breath.
i wnn`z-zamn, s.m. pl. Contemporaries;
people of the same religion.
A a ass, adj. (compar. & super. of
ass), More, or most, avaricious; meaner;
A i wat, = A i wn, (pl. of
meanest; very mean or base.
a ), s.m. Brothers, brethren; friends,
companions (generally speaking, however, the
A a a , adj. (compar. and super. of
former of these words is applied to 'friends' or

), More especial; more, or most, excellent.

the like, and the latter denotes relationship):
i wnn`z-zamn, s.m. pl. Contemporaries;
A a ar, adj. Green.
people of the same religion.
A i f [v.n. iv of ' to become
P or, s.f. Refuse, leavings; litter;
imperceptible'], s.m. Rendering invisible;
sweepings; offals; filth; waste grass, &c. of
concealment.
stables: or-pa or, s.f. Idem: or-
k bhart, s.f. Stuffing of litter or rubbish; a
A a fash, adj. & s.m. Having small and
company or pack of low, vile fellows.
weak eyes; suffering from nyctalopia (see din-
aundh);One who has weak eyes, &c.
H n (P. ), s.m. (f.
P a gar, s.f. Live ashes; spark of fire. n-n), Teacher, tutor, preceptor, master:
n-j (respectful for n), Respected
A i l [inf. n. iv of ' to become teacher, &c.
clear or pure'], s.m. Purity; sincerity; candour;
affection; pure friendship, sincere attachment; A a w, a aw, adj. Brotherly,
loyalty, fidelity; intimacy:i l jo n or fraternal; of or relating to a brother.
jo -ra n, To cement an intimacy (with, -
se); form a friendship (with):i l A H a iy, s.m. Little brother.
ra n, i l karn (-k), To entertain
regard, esteem or love (for); to regard with A a yr (pl. of air), s.m. The
genuine esteem; to love, hold dear; to be good; the excellent; the better (people).
sincere.
A a yf (pl. of aif), s.m. & f.
A P i l -mand, adj. Sincere, true, Brothers who are sons, or sisters who are
candid, genuine; friendly; affectionate; daughters, of one mother but of different
intimate:s.m. A friend. fathers.

A P i l -mand, s.f. Sincerity; A a yj, adj. By the same mother but

friendliness; affection, &c.=i l , q.v. by a different father (a brother or sister).
A a yar, adj. (compar. & super. of ),
Better; best.

61

A a r, s.m. adj. & adv.= ir, Semicircle:ad-o , adj. Slightly wounded or
q.v.:a r zamna, s.m. The last time,
period or age; the last moment, the moment of
death:a r sam, and a r waqt, Idem.
A a ra (acc. of a r), adv. At last, pakk:ad-khil, adj. Half-blown (a flower):
ultimately, &c.= ir-ko, q.v.s.v. ir.
H ad = H d [for dh = S.], pakk, q.v.:ad-ga , adj. Half-buried; half
Used in comp. (as also the forms adh and dh,
q.v. for comp. not given below):ad-ba `,
s.f. Division of produce in equal shares (see
ba `):ad-bar (S. ardha+vartanam), adv.
Halfway, midway; in the middle:ad-bagr,
adj. Half-cleaned (as rice, &c.):ad-ban, adj.
Half-made; half-formed; incomplete (see
bann):ad-b, adv. In the midst or middle;
during completion (see b):d-p`o, s.m.
One eighth of a seer, two cha aks:ad-pakk
(S. ardha +pakwa), adj. (f. -), Half-ripe, raw,
green (fruit); half-cooked, under-done (meat,
&c.):ad-pavva or pauw, s.m. A weight of
half a p`o or of two ha ks:ad-pe , adj.
Half a belly full; insufficient (food;see
pe ):ad-jal, adj. (f. -), Half-burnt (see
jaln):ad-akkar (S. ardha+akra), s.m.
Semicircle:ad-o , adj. Slightly wounded or
hurt (see ot); half-cleaned (=ad-bagr):ad-
ser, s.m. A weight of half a ser, or of one
pound:ad-ka , s.m. Diagonal; diameter:
ad-kar, adj. Raw, green (fruit), &c.=ad-
pakk:ad-khil, adj. Half-blown (a flower):
ad-gadr, adj. Unripe, raw (fruit);s.m. Fruit
fully formed but unripe:ad-gal, adj.=ad-
pakk, q.v.:ad-ga , adj. Half-buried; half
driven in (a stake or peg):ad-gol, adj. Semi-
terete (as the stem of a plant);ad-mar, ad-
mu`, adj. Half-dead; wretched, miserable;
weak; starved:ad-man, adj. A weight of half
a man, or of twenty seers.
H d = H ad [for dh = S.], forth, and so on, onwards, &c. (e.g. manushydi
Used in comp. (as also the forms adh and dh,
q.v. for comp. not given below):ad-ba `,
s.f. Division of produce in equal shares (see
ba `):ad-bar (S. ardha+vartanam), adv.
Halfway, midway; in the middle:ad-bagr,
adj. Half-cleaned (as rice, &c.):ad-ban, adj.
Half-made; half-formed; incomplete (see
bann):ad-b, adv. In the midst or middle;
during completion (see b):d-p`o, s.m.
One eighth of a seer, two cha aks:ad-pakk
(S. ardha +pakwa), adj. (f. -), Half-ripe, raw,
green (fruit); half-cooked, under-done (meat,
&c.):ad-pavva or pauw, s.m. A weight of
half a p`o or of two ha ks:ad-pe , adj.
Half a belly full; insufficient (food;see
pe ):ad-jal, adj. (f. -), Half-burnt (see
jaln):ad-akkar (S. ardha+akra), s.m.
hurt (see ot); half-cleaned (=ad-bagr):ad-
ser, s.m. A weight of half a ser, or of one
pound:ad-ka , s.m. Diagonal; diameter:
ad-kar, adj. Raw, green (fruit), &c.=ad-
ad-gadr, adj. Unripe, raw (fruit);s.m. Fruit
fully formed but unripe:ad-gal, adj.=ad-
driven in (a stake or peg):ad-gol, adj. Semi-
terete (as the stem of a plant);ad-mar, ad-
mu`, adj. Half-dead; wretched, miserable;
weak; starved:ad-man, adj. A weight of half
a man, or of twenty seers.
S di, = H d (and dh), s.m. (f.
?) & adj. Beginning, commencement, starting-
point; original;first, prior, primary; primeval;
pre-eminent; (often at the end of a compound in
the sense) beginning with, et cetera, and so
forth, and so on, onwards, &c. (e.g. manushydi
jantu, 'man and the other animals'; ek-d [or -
dh], one or so):d-ant, dyant, s.m. The first
and the last; the beginning and the end;adv.
From first to last; from beginning to end; from
head to foot, throughout; without cessation or
intermission, incessantly, always:di-bhg,
s.m. The Old Testament (opposed to anta-
bhg):di-purush, s.m. The first male or
progenitor (usually applied to Vishnu); the
primeval spirit:di-se, From the beginning;
and so forth:d-se ant-tak, adv.=d-ant,
q.v.:di-iksh, s.f. Primary or elementary
instruction:di-kran, s.m. Primary cause:
dyant = dant, q.v.
H d (and dh), = S di, s.m. (f.
?) & adj. Beginning, commencement, starting-
point; original;first, prior, primary; primeval;
pre-eminent; (often at the end of a compound in
the sense) beginning with, et cetera, and so
jantu, 'man and the other animals'; ek-d [or -
dh], one or so):d-ant, dyant, s.m. The first
and the last; the beginning and the end;adv.
From first to last; from beginning to end; from
head to foot, throughout; without cessation or
intermission, incessantly, always:di-bhg,
s.m. The Old Testament (opposed to anta-
bhg):di-purush, s.m. The first male or
progenitor (usually applied to Vishnu); the
primeval spirit:di-se, From the beginning;
and so forth:d-se ant-tak, adv.=d-ant,
q.v.:di-iksh, s.f. Primary or elementary
instruction:di-kran, s.m. Primary cause:
dyant = dant, q.v.
S ud, insep. prefix= ut, q.v.
62

P ad, s.f. Grace, beauty; elegance; graceful
manner on carriage; charm, fascination;
blandishment; amorous signs and gestures,
coquetry:ad-fahm, adj. Understanding signs
and gestures, skilled in the arts of
blandishment:ad-fahm, s.f. Understanding
of the arts of blandishment, &c.:ad-karn,
To coquet:ad-wl, adj. Graceful, beautiful,
elegant, &c.
A ad, s.f. The act of bringing to completion,
&c.; completion, perfection; performance;
fulfilment; accomplishment; acquittance;
payment or discharge (of a debt, &c.):ad-
band, s.f. Fixing a period for the performance
of a contract, or for the payment of a debt;
liquidation of a debt by instalments (=qist-
band):ad-- idmat, Performance of
service, discharge of duty:ad--zar-- igr,
Payment of the sum decreed:ad karn, v.t.
To perform; accomplish; fulfil; discharge;
liquidate, pay; to effect or accomplish
satisfactorily, properly, &c.:ad hon, v.n. To
be performed, accomplished, fulfilled,
discharged; to be paid, liquidated; to be done,
effected, or accomplished satisfactorily or
properly, &c.; to be brought out, uttered or
pronounced distinctly (a letter or word in
reading); to be done for, undone, demolished,
made an end of.
H d [S. ], s.m. Ginger in the (from); to be dull, dim, or lustreless.
undried state. (See adrak.)
A db, s.m. (pl. of adab), and sing. worn as a shoulder-belt by Mohammadan
(=adab); Good breeding; good manners;
politeness; polite accomplishments; elegance of
manners, address or speech, &c.; rules;
ceremonies; etiquette; forms of address in
writing and speaking; salutation; respects;
devoirs;interj. Good morning! good day! &c.;
my compliments to you! thank you! your
humble servant!:db bajn, db baj-ln, clouded with sorrow; to become dull or sad.
v.n. To pay (one's) respects; to salute
respectfully, make a salm, make obeisance; to
use complimentary expressions; to bow
deferentially, to acknowledge (one) as superior;
to say good-bye, to take leave:db-taslmt,
Best, or most humble, compliments; best
respects:db-se, adv. Respectfully (=adab-
se):db--shukr, db--shukrya, The set
form or established etiquette for making one's
acknowledgments; making a formal return of
thanks for favours received:db o algb,
s.m. Titles; address.
A adt, s.f. Instrument, tool, implement;
utensil; apparatus;(in Gram.) a particle.
S adt, adj. & s.m. Niggardly,
illiberal, stingy, avaricious;niggard, miser.
S udtta, adj. (f. -), Elevated, high;
acutely accented; great, illustrious; generous,
liberal, bountiful; dear, beloved;s.m. The
acute accent; a high or sharp tone; an ornament
in rhetoric; a kind of musical instrument; a large
drum; a gift or donation.
S udr, adj. Noble, gentle; illustrious;
generous, liberal; munificent; great; best;
unperplexed:s.m. Munificence, &c.;
prodigality:udr-arit, adj. Of liberal dealing;
of a generous disposition, noble-minded.
S udrt, s.f. Liberality,
generosity, munificence.
S uds, adj. Indifferent (to, -se),
unconcerned, apathetic; unsettled in mind;
retired, lone, solitary; forlorn, dejected, sad,
sorrowful; dull, dispirited, cast-down; grieved,
displeased (with); sullen, cross; not bright, dull,
sombre, faded:s.m. Unsettledness,
retiredness, loneliness; asceticism;sickly crop
(in agricult.):uds bai hn, uds pa n or
pa -jn, and uds hon, v.n. To be sad,
sorrowful, dejected, &c.; to be grieved (at, -se),
displeased (with); to turn (against), revolt
H uds (from uds), s.m. A cord
devotees (zd).
H uds, s.f. Sadness, sorrow;
despondency, dejection; retirement; loneliness;
solitude; dulness, dimness:uds hn, v.n.
Dejection or gloom to cloud (the face); to be
S uds, adj. Unsettled; retired,
solitary, lonely; dejected, forlorn, sad;s.m. A
dejected person, &c.; ascetic; anchorite; hermit;
a class of religious mendicants; (in Music) the
bass:uds-bj, s.m. Any bass instrument.
S udsn, adj. Sitting apart;
indifferent; free from affection: s.m. One who is
completely detached from the world, whose
family is unknown, and who has neither friend
nor foe; hermit; misanthrope; stoical indifferent
person; one who is neither a friend nor a foe; an
umpire; an order of religious mendicants in the
Panjb.
63
 perplexed; to waver; to be powerless; to be
S udsnat, s.f. Indifference, active or brisk:adbadkar, adv. Uneasily;
helplessly;certainly, positively. without fail.
carelessness, apathy.
S udbodh, s.m. Recollection;
A adma`llh, May God preserve (him, recognition.
&c.).
S adbhut, adj. Wonderful,
S dn, s.m. Taking, receiving, astonishing, surprising; extraordinary; strange,
acceptance:dn-pradn, Taking and giving. curious, rare; admirable;s.m. Surprise,
astonishment, &c.:adbhut karma, s.m. An
S udn, s.m. One of the three or five astonishing feat, a miracle:adbhut vastu, s.f.
A curiosity; a phenomenon.
vital airs (that which rises up the throat and
passes into the head).
S udbhijj, adj. Sprouting,
S adn, adj. & s.m.= adt), germinating; vegetable.
q.v.
S udbhav, s.m. A being born;
A adn (pl. of adn, mistakenly, for springing up (as plants from seed); birth,
), adj. & s.m. The lowest, meanest, vilest, production.
most ignoble or contemptible.
H udbeg = udveg, q.v.
H udha (from d), s.f.
Brownness; brown; purple. S aditi, s.f. The mother of the
gods:aditi-nandan, s.m. A son of Aditi; an
S udhara , s.m. Example, epithet of any male deity; a divine being.
illustration, instance; simile; comparison; an
opposite argument; (in Logic) one of the five H dit [S. + ], adv. From
modes of reasoning.
the beginning; et cetera; and the like; first.

H ud`, s.f. Brownness,

H dit = ditya, q.v.
&c.=udha , q.v.

A adab, s.m. Discipline, training; H dit = dik, q.v.

deportment; good breeding; good manners,
politeness, courtesy, urbanity; etiquette; polite S udit, part. adj. Risen (as the sun,
literature:interj. Behave! manners!:adab &c.); shining; distinguished, conspicuous (as
den (-ko), To teach manners; to discipline; valour, &c.).
chastise:adab-se, adv. Respectfully,
politely:adab karn (-k), To show deference
or respect (to), treat with respect; to respect, S adatta, part. adj. m. Not given;
revere:adab-wl, s.m. A polite or well-bred unjustly given;s.m. A donation which is null
person; one who ought to be treated with and void.
politeness or respect.
S adatt, part. adj. & s.f. Not given in
A idbr [inf. n. iv of ' to follow behind'], marriage; an unmarried girl.
s.m. Turning back, going back; falling off from
allegiance; defection; disloyalty;decline of
H adatr [S. ++ ],
good fortune (opp. to igbl), misfortune, ill-
luck, adversity (=kamba t):idbr n (- adj. Hanging, pendulous, suspended (in or
ko), To be possessed with a spirit of disloyalty between); infirm. (Cf. the form adhantr.)
or rebellion; to fall away from allegiance; to
experience a decline of good fortune; to be S ditwa, s.m. Priority,
overtaken by misfortune (=kamba t n). precedence.

H adbadna [S. + ], v.n. S ditya, s.m. A certain class of

To be in a flutter, be agitated, uneasy; to be deities (twelve in number), sons of Aditi; a

64
deity (in general); the sun:ditya-vr, s.m.
Sunday. (See itwr.)
A id l [inf. n. iv of ' to enter'], s.m.
Causing to enter; putting in; insertion;
introduction; entry.
S udadhi, s.m. The ocean.
S adri, s.m. Rock, stone; hill;
mountain.
S dar, s.m. Respect; notice,
attention; politeness; treating respectfully or
politely; esteem, dignity, honour, reverence:
dar-bho, s.m. Respect, reverence, &c.;
respectability:dar pn, v.n. To meet with
respect or attention, &c.; to receive honours or
distinctions; dar den (-ko) = dar karn, q.v.:
dar-se, adv. Respectfully; politely; with due
consideration or honour:dar karn (-k), To
show respect, or attention, &c. (to); to respect,
esteem, honour, reverence:dar-mn,
s.m.=dar, q.v.:dar miln, v.n.=dar pn,
q.v: dar-yogya, adj. Worthy of respect, esteem,
or reverence; respectable, estimable, venerable.
flow copiously'; involuntary or copious
discharge of urine, diabetes; hard rain;
munificence.
A idrk [inf. n. iv of ' to attain,
overtake'], s.m. Perception, apprehension,
understanding, comprehension.
H adars [S. +], s.m. A kind
of very fine muslin; a kind of sweetmeat.
H adr i and ad is =
adr iya, q.v.
S adar and H. adars, adj. Unseen;
unforeseen;s.m. Unseen danger; fate,
fortune;a mirror (=dar).
S dar, s.m. A mirror;
commentary; an original manuscript from
which a copy is taken; copy; specimen; sign.
S adr ish , part. adj. Unseen,
invisible; unforeseen;s.m. The unseen; fate,
fortune; unforeseen danger.

H idar, corr. of idhar, q.v. S adarak, s.m. A mirror.

H udar, corr. of udhar, q.v. S adaran, adj. & s.m. Invisible,

S udar, s.m. Belly, stomach; bowels;
womb; cavity; the interior or inside of anything;
'the inner man'; protuberance; 'corporation';
slaughter, war:udarmay (i.e. udara+may),
s.m. Disease of the belly; dysentery;
diarrha:udarvesh a (udara+vesh a),
s.m. Tape worm:udar-p , s.m. Belly-ache,
stomach-ache; colic:udar-pi, adj. & s.m.
Demon-bellied; voracious; gluttonous;a
glutton:udar-re , s.f. The line of hair on
the belly:udar-vr iddhi, s.f. Dropsy.
S udra, s.m. Otter; crab; any aquatic
animal.
unseen;disappearance, invisibility.
S daran, s.m. Making
apparent, showing; a mirror.
S adr iya, adj. (f. -), Unseen,
unperceived; invisible.
H adrak [S. ], s.f. Green
ginger (Amomum zinziber).
H adrak, s.f. A kind of
sweetmeat, pieces of ginger cooked in syrup;
candied ginger.

H dr [S. ], s.m. The sixth S udaril, = S udarin,

Nakshatra or lunar mansion; the beginning of adj. Having a large belly; pot-bellied, fat,
the rainy season. corpulent; abdominal. (See udar.)

A idrj [inf. n. iv of ' to move step by S udarin, = S udaril,

step'], s.m. The act of inserting one thing in adj. Having a large belly; pot-bellied, fat,
another; folding up or together; inclosing. corpulent; abdominal. (See udar.)
A idrr [inf. n. iv of ' to become copious;
H darn, v.t. To respect,
to flow'], s.m. Lit. 'Causing milk, urine, &c. to
&c.=dar karn, q.v.s.v. dar.

65
S udarin (f. of udarin, q.v.), s.f. P T adaqa, s.m. Covering;
A corpulent woman; a pregnant woman. coverlet; cover; wrapper. (Cf. H. hakn; S.
sthagana.)
S dara ya, adj. & sm. To be
revered; venerable, respectable, estimable; H adik, corr. of adhik, q.v.
one who is to be revered, &c.
S dik [+], adj. & s.m.
S darvant, adj. Respectful; Relating to the first or to the beginning;
reverential; devout; respectable, estimable; to beginning with; and other, and the rest (used of
be revered;s.m. (f. -vat), A devout person, animate objects).
&c.
S udak, s.m. Water; the ceremony of
S adroh, s.m. Absence of, or pouring water on obsequies; ablution.
freedom from, malice, or tyranny; moderation,
mildness. S udgr, s.m. Throwing out, spitting
out; vomiting, belching; saliva, eructation;
S adroh, adj. & s.m. Free from exhalation; sound; roar.
malice, &c.; not tyrannical; moderate; mild;
innocuous;one who is free from malice, &c.; S udgat, part. Thrown up, vomited;
a non-tyrannical person.
risen up, sprung up, grown.

S udar, adj. Abdominal; pregnant;

S udgh it, part. adj. (f. -),
&c.=udarin, q.v.:s.f. Enlargement of the
Done with effort; exerted; opened, unlocked.
abdomen from dropsy or from flatulency.

A idrs, prop. n. The patriarch Enoch. S udgh an, s.m. Opening,

H uda -guda , = H key, &c.); the rope and bucket of a well, a
ud -gud , or redupl.),
s.m. rags and tatters; old rags; cast-off clothes.
H ud -gud , = H
uda -guda , or redupl.),
s.m. rags and tatters; old rags; cast-off clothes.
H adish [S. + ], s.m.
Adverse fortune, ill-luck, misfortune; fate,
destiny.
A idd` [inf. n. viii of ' to seek, desire'],
s.m. Claiming (a thing), demanding as a right;
claim; pretension.
A ad`ya (pl. of ), s.m. Prayers,
benedictions; good wishes; salutations;
compliments; congratulations.
A idg m [inf.n. iv of ' to cover'], s.m.
Duplication of a letter by tashdd; coalescence
of letters (in Arabic construction).
A adaqq, adj. (compar. & super. of
daqq), More, most, or very subtile, nice,
abstruse, recondite or obscure.
unlocking; opener, instrument for opening (as a
leather bucket used for drawing water.
S adal, adj. Leafless;- s.m. A
plant, Eugenia (or Barringtonia) acutangul.
H adal-badal, s.m. =
H adl-badl, s.m. = H
adl-badl, s.f. [A. badal,
redupl.], Exchange; barter; interchange;
alteration; mutation; substitution; transfer;
transmutation; equivalent; anything given in
exchange:adv. Mutatis mutandis; vice
versd:adal-badal karn, and adl-badl
karn, v.t. To exchange, barter; to change;
convert; trasmute; transfer; shift; displace;
confuse; transform; pervert.
H adl-badl, s.m. = H
adal-badal, s.m. = H
adl-badl, s.f. [A. badal,
redupl.], Exchange; barter; interchange;
alteration; mutation; substitution; transfer;
transmutation; equivalent; anything given in
exchange:adv. Mutatis mutandis; vice
versd:adal-badal karn, and adl-badl
karn, v.t. To exchange, barter; to change;
convert; trasmute; transfer; shift; displace;
confuse; transform; pervert.

66
H adl-badl, s.f. = H adult; a sensible, or honest man; mankind;
people; husband; wife; servant, attendant,
adal-badal, s.m. = retainer:dm bann, v.t. To humanize,
H adl-badl, civilize; to make a rational creature of; to teach
s.m. [A. badal, redupl.], Exchange; barter; manners:dm-phe, adv. Per man; severally,
interchange; alteration; mutation; substitution; individually; one by one:dm-zd = dam-
transfer; transmutation; equivalent; anything zd, q.v.s.v. dam:dm hona, or ho-jn, To
given in exchange:adv. Mutatis become a man, attain to manhood; to become
mutandis; vice versd:adal-badal karn, civilized, learn manners, &c.; to recover one's
and adl-badl karn, v.t. To exchange, barter; reason; come to one's senses.
to change; convert; trasmute; transfer; shift; A dmyat, s.f. Human nature, humanity;
displace; confuse; transform; pervert. benevolence, compassion, sympathy; civility,
A adilla (pl. of dall), s.m. Proofs; urbanity, politeness; good breeding; rationality,
indications; arguments; evidences. reason, judgment:dmyat uh-jn, To be
A dam, s.m. Adam, the first man; man (as bereft of (one's) humanity; to lose (one's)
in comp.):dam-ashm, s.m. Lit. 'Having reason, be out of one's senses; to lose one's
eyes like those of a man'; a horse, the whites of manners:dmyat pakan, To become
whose eyes have a red margin:dam-or, humanized or civilized; to acquire good
s.m. Man-eater; cannibal:dam-zd, manners or politeness; to recover one's reason,
s.m. Lit. 'Born of Adam'; the human race, man, come to one's senses:dmyat skhn, To
mankind:dam-gar, adj. Humane; become civilized, &c.=dmyat pakan:
benevolent;dam-gar, s.f. Humanity; dmyat sikhn, dmyat-me ln, v.t. To
benevolence. humanize or civilize; to teach manners; to bring
S idam, pron. adj. This;adv. Here; to reason, or to one's senses:dmyat karn,
To practise humanity; to act as a man.
now; even:idam-itas, adv. Thus far.
S adan, s.m. Act of eating; food;
H uddam, uddim,
nourishment.
s.m.= udyam, q.v.
S adin, s.m. An inauspicious or
H udmd [S. ; +,
unlucky day.
rt. ], s.m. Madness, mania; extravagance; A , adn, adj. (compar. & super.
frenzy; excitement; lust, lasciviousness; pride, of dan), Low; lower; lowest; lowly,
conceit; show, ostentation; vice, depravity: humble; inferior; mean, base, ignoble,
udmd lagn, v.n. To be stirred with morbid contemptible; insignificant, unimportant, petty,
desire, lust or lasciviousness; to lust (after); trifling, trivial; small, little, slight;s.m. A
hanker (after); to be filled with affectation; to low, common, or obscure person, &c.; common
make a display; to swagger. people; the lower orders:adn o `l, s.m.
H udmd [S. ++], = High and low; the highest and lowest.
H adantar, =
H udmd [S. ++ ], adj.
& s.m. Mad, frantic; morbidly desirous, lustful, H adantri, adj.= adatr, q.v.
lascivious, libidinous, lewd, wanton:A H adantri, =
dissolute fellow; sensualist, libertine,
H adantar, adj.= adatr, q.v.
rake, rou.
H udmd [S. ++ ], = H adand [S. + ], adj. Free from
H udmd [S. ++], adj. & strife; quiet, tranquil.
S ada, adj. Free from punishment;
s.m. Mad, frantic; morbidly desirous, lustful,
lascivious, libidinous, lewd, wanton:A unpunished;s.m. Impunity
dissolute fellow; sensualist, libertine, S uddan, adj. Rebellious, in
rake, rou. revolt:uddan ho-jn, To rebel, revolt, rise
S
udumbar, s.m. The glomerous in rebellion, &c.
fig-tree (Ficus glomerata) or glar tree. S dau, adv. At first, in the beginning.
S admar, adj. Gluttonous. A adawt (pl. of adt, q.v.), s.f.
H adam, adj. (f. -), Breathless, Instruments, tools, implements; apparatus;
equipments; gear; tackle; (in Gram.) particles.
dead. A adwr (pl. of daur), s.m.
A dm, s.m. A descendant of Revolutions; periods, ages.
Adam; a human being; man; individual, person;

67
H , adwn, = A adwiyt, s.f. pl. of adwiya, q.v.
S adwait, adj. Peerless,
H adwyan, , adw`in, [
&c.=adwitya, q.v.
S. +], s.f. The strings at the foot of a
S adwaitat, s.f. Peerlessness,
bedstead, by which the cross strings are
matchlessness; singleness.
tightened or braced:adwn khainn, To
tighten the strings of a bedstead. S adwesh, =
H adwyan, , adw`in, S adwesh, adj. Not malicious;
= H , adwn, [S. +], s.f. inoffensive, harmless.
The strings at the foot of a bedstead, by which S adwesh, =
the cross strings are tightened or braced: S adwesh, adj. Not malicious;
adwn khainn, To tighten the strings of a
inoffensive, harmless.
bedstead.
S udveg, s.m. Perturbation, anxiety,
S udvha, s.m. Marriage, wedding.
trouble, care, solicitude, perplexity, agitation,
H adot [S. + ], adj. Without uneasiness; bewilderment; fear, apprehension,
brilliance or splendour; lustreless. consternation; exertion; haste, hurry,
H udot = udit, q.v. impetuosity;the fruit of the Areca catechu,
betel nut.
H udot [S. + ], s.f. Shine, light,
S udveg, adj. Perturbed, troubled,
lustre, radiance, splendour; rising (of the moon,
perplexed, distressed, anxious, agitated;
&c.).
bewildered; hasty, precipitate.
H adwit, = A adwiya (pl. of daw), s.f. Medicines;
S adwitya, adj. Without a second remedies.
(=l - sn), peerless, matchless, unequalled, H adh, = H dh, [=dh,
unique; only, sole. S. ], used like ad and d in comp.:adh-
S adwitya, = ang (S. ardha+anga), s.m. Palsy affecting half
H adwit, adj. Without a second the body, hemiplegia:adh-ang, adj. & s.m.
Palsied, paralyzed;a paralytic:adh-ann,
(=l - sn), peerless, matchless, unequalled,
s.m. Half an anna, a copper coin worth two
unique; only, sole.
pice:adh-(or dh-) p`o, s.m.=ad-p`o,
H adaur, s.f. (See next.) q.v.s.v. ad (similarly for all compounds not
H adau [S. ++], s.f. entered under adh, dh, v.s.v. ad):adh-
Small lumps or cakes of pulse and condiments andar, s.m. Half-moon; crescent;
fried in oil or butter and dried in the sun, which semicircle:adh-kapl, s.f. Pain affecting half
are used by the natives of India to flavour the head, hemicrania; a pair of Areca nuts
partially attached (believed to be a cure for
dishes. (See ba.)
hemicrania):adh-kar, s.m. Half the tax, duty
S adosh, = or rent; half the collections:adh-kar, s.f. Half
H adokh, adj. Faultless, sinless, the government jama`, an instalment of eight
guiltless, blameless; innocent; without reproach, annas in the rupee:adh-kah, adj. (f. -i), Half-
stainless, spotless; pure, irreproachable. spoken or uttered, half-pronounced:adh-
khul, adj. Half-open, gaping, ajar.:adh-
H adokh, = mara, adj. Half-dead (=ad-mar):adh-w,
S adosh, adj. Faultless, sinless, s.f. Half-web; half a thn (of cloth); the half of
guiltless, blameless; innocent; without reproach, anything.
stainless, spotless; pure, irreproachable. H dh, = H adh, [=dh,
S udkhal, s.m. A wooden mortar S. ], used like ad and d in comp.:adh-
used for pounding rice and separating the husk ang (S. ardha+anga), s.m. Palsy affecting half
(=okhl, q.v.);a gum resin, bdellium. the body, hemiplegia:adh-ang, adj. & s.m.
S udvigna, adj. Sorrowful, anxious, Palsied, paralyzed;a paralytic:adh-ann,
perplexed, troubled; dejected. s.m. Half an anna, a copper coin worth two
A adwan, adj. (compar. & super. pice:adh-(or dh-) p`o, s.m.=ad-p`o,
of dn), More, most, or very mean or q.v.s.v. ad (similarly for all compounds not
wretched; most vile; very vile. entered under adh, dh, v.s.v. ad):adh-
andar, s.m. Half-moon; crescent;
H adwand, adj.= adand, q.v.
semicircle:adh-kapl, s.f. Pain affecting half

68
the head, hemicrania; a pair of Areca nuts supporter, patron; subsistence, nourishment,
partially attached (believed to be a cure for food, aliment; meal;dike, canal; basin round
hemicrania):adh-kar, s.m. Half the tax, duty the foot of a tree; comprehension; location.
or rent; half the collections:adh-kar, s.f. Half S uddhr (and H. udhr), s.m.
the government jama`, an instalment of eight
Debt; loan; trust, credit; obligation; deduction;
annas in the rupee:adh-kah, adj. (f. -i), Half-
discharge, release, extrication, deliverance,
spoken or uttered, half-pronounced:adh-
redemption, salvation; raising up from any
khul, adj. Half-open, gaping, ajar.:adh-
place or state:udhr den, v.t. To lend; give
mara, adj. Half-dead (=ad-mar):adh-w, on credit, or give credit; to discharge a debt:
s.f. Half-web; half a thn (of cloth); the half of udhr karn, v.t. To rescue, extricate (from, -
anything. se), save, &c.; to effect the removal (of, -k); to
H adha [S. , adhas, adho], prep. remove, do away with:udhr-k kga, s.m.
(the reverse of ud or ut), Down, downward, Note of hand, bond:udhr khn, To live on
below (of place, rank or degree). credit:udhr-khye baihn (-ke par), To
S adhi, prep. (used in comp.), Over, treat (one) as a mortal enemy, to become (one's)
above, upon, over and above. (It implies mortal enemy:udhr len, v.t. To contract a
superiority in point of place, quantity, or debt; to borrow, take a loan; to take on credit:
quality, and is the reverse of apa). udhr mngn, v.t. To ask on loan, to
borrow:uddhr or udhr hon or ho-jn, To
S dhi, s.m. Care, anxious reflection, be in debt; to owe; to be out on loan, be lent; to
mental agony, anxiety; expectation; calamity; be released (from, -se, an obligation, &c.); to be
pawn, pledge; engagement; site, location. liberated, discharged; to be delivered or
H , addh, = extricated (from danger, difficulties, &c.).
H dh, [S. +], adj. (f. -), S uddhrak, adj. & s.m.
Half;s.m. A half-measure; a half-chain, half- Delivering, liberating, relieving;deliverer,
yard, &c.:dh-dh, adv. Half and half, liberator, &c.
&c.=dho-dh, q.v.:adh- S adhrmik, =
ss (S. ardha+ irs), s.f. Pain affecting half the H dhrmik, adj. Unjust,
head, hemicrania (=adh-kapl):dh hon,
To be or become half; to be reduced to half the unrighteous, wicked.
former size, &c., to grow thin, become H dhrmik, =
emaciated:dh-rt, s.f. Midnight:adv. At S adhrmik, adj. Unjust,
midnight: dhe-dhe,dhe-dh, adv.=the
unrighteous, wicked.
next, q.v.:dho-(ordho-)dh, adv. Half and
half; half on one side and half on the other; H dhrn [S. ], v.t. To
equally divided; in two (equal parts); rest upon, rely on, trust in.
bisected:dho-dh karn, v.t. To cut in two, H , uddhrn, udhrn,
to halve, bisect; to divide or share equally.
[S. +], v.t. To deliver, liberate,
H dh, =
discharge, extricate (from, -se).
H , addh, [S. +], adj. (f. -), H udhrank, s.m. Debtor.
Half;s.m. A half-measure; a half-chain, half-
H adhr [S. ++ ], s.m. A
yard, &c.:dh-dh, adv. Half and half,
&c.=dho-dh, q.v.:adh- bullock that has not borne a burden, or has not
ss (S. ardha+ irs), s.f. Pain affecting half the been broken in for work.
head, hemicrania (=adh-kapl):dh hon, S dhr, adj. & s.m. Eating;
To be or become half; to be reduced to half the eater (used in comp. e.g. ddh-dhr, s.m. One
former size, &c., to grow thin, become who lives on milk).
emaciated:dh-rt, s.f. Midnight:adv. At
H adh-ss = dh-ss,
midnight: dhe-dhe,dhe-dh, adv.=the
next, q.v.:dho-(ordho-)dh, adv. Half and q.v.s.v. dh.
half; half on one side and half on the other; A adhn (pl. of duhn), s.m. Oils,
equally divided; in two (equal parts); unguents. (Prop. in H. ad-hn).
bisected:dho-dh karn, v.t. To cut in two,
to halve, bisect; to divide or share equally. S dhn, s.m. Pregnancy,
S dhr (and H. adhr), s.m. conception; a ceremony performed previous to
conception as conducive to it;deposit, surety,
Support, prop, stay; stand, pedestal, base (of a
pledge.
geom. fig., &c., syn. bhmi and ne`o);

69
S dhnik (and From that, or the other, side; that way:udhar
kn rakhn, v.n. To turn away the ear; turn a
H. adhnik), s.m. A ceremony deaf ear.
performed after cohabitation to procure or H udhr = udh, q.v.
favour conception.
S adhirj, s.m. A great or
S adhipa, s.m. Owner, lord, master;
supreme king, emperor, monarch, potentate.
chief, commander; king, prince.
S adhirjya, s.m. Supreme
S adhiphak, s.m. A
sway, empire.
superintendent or an inspector of schools.
H adharpan = adherpan
S adhipati, adhipat,
, q.v.
s.m.= adhipa, q.v.
H adhars, s.m. A half-piece of
S dhipatya, s.m. Supremacy,
cloth; a sort of cloth (cf. adars).
sovereignty; lordship, governorship.
S adharm, s.m. Unrighteousness,
S uddhat, part. adj. Puffed up, vain,
irreligion, impiety; wickedness, iniquity, guilt,
haughty, arrogant, rude, ill-behaved;s.m. A
sin, crime, immorality, wrong-doing;
king's wrestler.
injustice;adj. Unrighteous, irreligious,
H adhatr, adj.= adatr, q.v. impious, iniquitous, wicked, wrong, unjust:
S adhi-daivata, s.m. A adharma-r, adj. & s.m. Practising
prosiding or tutelary deity; the supreme deity. wickedness, &c.;an impious person, &c.:
adharm-se, adv. Unrighteously, wrongfully,
H adhar [S. +, rt. ], adj. & unjustly:adharma-mal, s.m. The filth of
adv. Without prop, support or fastening; irreligion.
unsupported; dangling, pendulous, suspended; H adharmpan [S. ],
not fixed or firm, loose; separate, detached; (cf.
next):adhare-adhar, adv. Aside, apart. s.m., = S adharmat,
S adhar, s.m. The lower lip, the lip; s.f. = adharm, q.v.
the lower region or part; pudendum muliebre; S adharmat, s.f. =
the space between earth and sky, mid-air; empty H adharmpan [S.],
space; middle; intervening space; interval;
s.m., = adharm, q.v.
interim;adj. Inferior, low, insignificant,
vile;adv. In mid-air, in the middle or midst, S adharmishha, adj. & s.m.
&c. (see adhar-me); stiltedly; on tip-toe: Most wicked, very impious;a very wicked
adharmrit (adhara+amrita), s.m. Nectar of the person.
lips; moisture of the lips:adhar uh-len, v.t. S adharm, adj. Unrighteous,
To raise or lift up in the air, to raise from the irreligious, impious; immoral, iniquitous,
ground, raise on high:adhar-buddhi, s.m.f. wicked, sinful, criminal; wrong, unlawful,
One whose mind is engrossed with sublunary unjust; heartless, cruel; deprived of caste;s.m.
matters; a person of inferior or superficial An irreligious or wicked person; criminal, &c.
understanding:adhar aln, v.n. To walk
H adharmpan, s.m.
stiffly, stiltedly, or affectedly; to walk on
tiptoe:adhar-me, adv. In the middle, in the Unrighteousness, sinfulness; impiousness,
midst (of); midway; between; in the interval. immorality, wickedness, unjustness,
lawlessness, &c.
H idhar [S. ], adv. Here, hither,
S adhruva, adj. Not fixed; uncertain,
on this side, this way:idhar-udhar, adv. Here
and there; this way and that; about, around; on doubtful.
or from all sides; all around; up and down; to H udh (perf. part. of next), part.
and fro:idhar-se udhar karn, or kar-den, adj. (f. -), Unrolled, unravelled, undone, untied;
v.t. To displace, disarrange, throw into excoriated, peeled, flayed, &c. (See next.)
confusion, turn topsy-turvy:idhar-se udhar H udhan [S. + rt. ], v.n.
honor hojn, To be displaced, disarranged,
disordered; to be thrown on this side and that, To be taken out or off; to be or become
be turned upside down, be inverted, or unrolled, unravelled, untwisted, unwound; to be
subverted; to be scattered or dispersed; to be torn off, be laid or ripped open, be excoriated,
gone, lost, made away with. peeled, flayed (the skin); to open out, unravel,
come undone (sewing); to be untied, be
H udhar [S. ], adv. There, thither, separated, be divorced; to be ruined or
on that side; that way; away:udhar-se, adv. destroyed; to be spent, exhausted, dissipated,

70
squandered:udha-jn = udhan, and is the S adhikt, s.f. =
more common form.
H adhik`, s.f. Increase,
S adhishht, s.m. Protector,
addition, augmentation; abundance; excess;
ruler, governor. surplus; greatness, superiority, supremacy;
S adhishhn, s.m. Residence, aggrandizement; oppression, violence.
abode, seat. S adhikrit, s.m. Superintendent;
H adhak [S. ], s.m. Half; part. inspector of receipts and disbursements, auditor
(Rare.) of public accounts.
P adhik, adj. Additional, extra; S akhikarma, s.m.
augmented; exceeding, surpassing, excelling; Superintendence, supervision, government.
excessive; abundant; superior, greater; very S adhikara, s.m. Superiority;
great; more numerous; much; more; most; title, right; (in Gram.) the locative case; an
adv. & postpos. Exceedingly; abundantly; adverb.
excessively; greatly; very; in excess (of); too
much; too great; over and above; in addition S dhikya, s.m. Excess,
(to); besides:adhik-kon, s.m. (in Geom.) An overplus, abundance.
obtuse angle:adhik hon (-se), To be more S adhigat. part. Obtained,
(than); to be in excess (of); to exceed, be over, acquired; gone over, conned, studied, learned.
&c.
H udhaln (another form
H uddhak [S. +], s.m. A
of udharn, q.v.), v.n. To be ruined, destroyed,
disease occasioned by the mounting of wind spoiled; to be squandered, dissipated, &c.; to be
upwards; act of gasping or panting; asthma; carried off, to run away, elope, be seduced (a
flatulency; indigestion; plethora of the vessels woman); to be full of lust, long for carnal
of the head; headache. intercourse (a woman):udhal-jn = udhaln,
S adhikr, s.m. Authority, and is the more common form.
power; government, rule, administration; H udhl, adj. (f. of udhl),
lordship, sovereignty; office, appointment; Lascivious, lustful, lecherous.
possession, proprietorship; inheritance; right, A adham, s.m. A black horse, a dark-
title, privilege:adhikr den(-ko), To give coloured horse.
authority (to), to authorize; to invest with power
S adham, adj. Mean, vile,
or authority; to confer a right; to appoint:
adhikr rakhn, To have authority, have a right contemptible, very lowest; inferior, low,
or claim; to hold an office or appointment: humble, wretched;s.m. A low person; a vile
adhikr karn, To exercise authority, to wretch; meanest or most unworthy person:
administer, govern, rule, control, &c.:adhikr adhamdham, adj. The vilest of the vile,
miln(-k), To obtain the office or appointment exceedingly vile:adham-dhran, s.m. An
(of), to be invested with power or authority, be epithet of the Deity (as He who affords support
empowered; to obtain the title, &c. (of). to the lowest and most unworthy).
S adhikr, s.m. Governor, S adhamat, s.f. Vileness,
ruler, minister; functionary, official, officer, contemptibleness, meanness, lowness,
(and generally) one invested with power or inferiority, unworthiness, wretchedness.
authority; proprietor, owner, master; heir; S adhims [+], s.m.
agent; deputy; one who possesses a right, title, An intercalary month formed of the aggregate
or privilege. of the days omitted in reckoning the lunar year.
H adhikr (abst. s. S adhims, s.m. Proud flesh
from adhikr &=S. adhikrit), s.f. The state of or cancer, especially in the eyes or the back part
holding office; governorship; proprietorship, of the gums.
ownership, &c.
S adhamara,
H adhikn, v.t. To augment,
vulg. adhmar (adhama+ria), s.m. One who
increase. is in reduced circumstances through debt; a
H adhik`, s.f. = debtor.
S adhikt, s.f. Increase, addition, H adhan [S. +], s.m. Water
augmentation; abundance; excess; surplus; set to boil, or which is boiling, for cooking
greatness, superiority, supremacy; food.
aggrandizement; oppression, violence.

71
S adhan, adj. Destitute of wealth or H adhwais [S. +],
property; poor, needy, destitute;s.m. A adj. Middle-aged.
pauper. H addh (from addh, q.v.), s.f. Half
S adhun, adv. At this time, now. a dam, or half a p`; half-piece (thn) of
S dhunik, adj. New, recent, of cloth.
the present moment, or time. H adhiy, adhy, =
S dhunikt, s.f. Newness, H dhy [S. ], s.f. Division
recentness, the being modern; novelty. into two equal parts or shares; division of
S adhan, adj.= adhan, q.v. produce between two parties in equal shares,
one furnishing the land, seed, &c., and the other
S adho, adv. Below, down, downward; the labour; the half produce which a zamndr
beneath, under:adho-bandhan, s.m. Under- takes from a tenant in lieu of money rent; the
girth; martingal:adho-gati, s.f. Downward payment of half the annual assessment by the
movement, descent; degradation; hell:adho- cultivators to the Government agent for the
mukh, adj. & adv. Having the face or head revenue at the spring and autumnal harvests:
downwards; hanging down the head (through s.m. Proprietor of a half-share (=adheliy).
grief or shame, &c.); headlong; upside down, H dhy [S. ], =
inverted; topsy-turvy.
H adhw, v.s.v. adh. H adhiy, adhy, s.f.
Division into two equal parts or shares; division
S adhivs, s.m. House, of produce between two parties in equal shares,
dwelling, residence;perfuming the person; one furnishing the land, seed, &c., and the other
perfumes. the labour; the half produce which a zamndr
H adhotar, s.f. A fine kind of takes from a tenant in lieu of money rent; the
cloth. payment of half the annual assessment by the
cultivators to the Government agent for the
H adhr [S. ++], adj.
revenue at the spring and autumnal harvests:
Half-formed; half-done, half-ready or - s.m. Proprietor of a half-share (=adheliy).
completed; unfinished, incomplete; immature
S adhypak, dhypa
(as a ftus, &c.); weak, feeble; incapable:
adhr jn, v.n. To miscarry (a female): k, s.m. One who instructs in the sacred books,
adhr rahn, v.n. To remain unfinished, spiritual preceptor; teacher; a learned man.
imperfect, incomplete, &c.:adhr karn, v.t. S adhypan, s.m. Teaching the
To render weak, helpless, useless, &c., to sacred books; instructing.
enfeeble. S adhytma, s.m. The supreme
H adhau [S. + + ], s.f. soul.
A half-hide (of a bull, buffalo, &c.); the H adhyr [S. +], s.m.
coarsest and thickest sort of leather, such as is
used for the soles of shoes, buckets, traces, Holder of a half share; a man who holds and
cultivates land in two villages, and spends half
&c.;hide; maw; stomach:adhau tanna,
his time in one and half in the other; a cultivator
or tan-jn, v.n. to be distendedthe skin or
who receives half the crop for his assistance in
hide; the stomach to be distended; to be gorged
cultivating land.
or stuffed.
H adhyr, s.f. Half-share.
H adhwan, adhaun [S. +
S adhyropa, =
], s.m. Half-measure, half-maund; half of
anything. S adhyropa, s.m. Act of
S adhvan, s.m. Road, way; course. mounting or climbing; act of raising.
S adhyropa, =
S adhivinn, s.f. A superseded
wife. S adhyropa, s.m. Act of
S adhvanna, s.m. A traveller. mounting or climbing; act of raising.
S adhys, s.m. Erroneously
S adhwa, s.m. Road, &c.=adhvan,
attributing; error, mistake.
q.v.
S adhysn, part. Seated
S adhivedanik, s.m. Dowry
upon.
or alimony given to a wife who is superseded
by a second marriage.

72
H adhiyn, adhyn, v.t. To expose; to strip off, skin, flay, pluck, rip,
excoriate, bark; to pull off the upper part of (as
halve; to divide.
the crust of a cake, or the roof of a house); to
H adhyhar [S. ++ , pull up; open again (as a grave, &c.); to ruin,
rt. ], part. Supplied; argued; understood; scire destroy; to impoverish, reduce to poverty; to
licet. waste, squander, dissipate, scatter, make away
with, plunder:udher-len, Idem:udhe-
S adhyy, adhy`e, s.m. Section;
ln, intens. of udhen, v.t. To pluck out, pull
book; chapter; article; lesson. up or off, rip open, lay quite bare, &c.
S adhta, part. Studied, read, (see udhen).
learned. S adha, s.m. Master, lord, chief.
S adht, adj. Well-read, proficient; S adhwar, s.m. Supreme lord
sound; firm; good. or king, emperor.
H adhyah = adhyaksh, S adhyaksh, s.m. One who
q.v. exercises supervision; inspector,
S adhr, adj. Unsteady, unstable, superintendent; master, lord, ruler.
&c., see adhraj. S adhyakshat, s.f. The
S adhrt, s.f. Unsteadiness, want position or office of adhyaksh, supervisorship,
of firmness; fickleness; impatience; haste, inspectorship, &c.
precipitation; perplexity, confusion. S adhyakshara, adv. On the
H adhraj [S. +], adj. subject of syllables; above all syllables, the
Unsteady; irresolute; spiritless; fickle, mystic Om.
vacillating; impatient, restless; hasty, S adhyagni, s.f. Property or
precipitate; confused, perplexed, distracted: settlement given to a wife when superseded by
s.m. Unsteadiness, &c.=adhrt, q.v. a new marriage of the husband: it is given
H adhrj, adj. (f. -) during the marriage ceremonyover the nuptial
= adhraj, q.v. fire.
H udhern = udhen, q.v. H addhyal, adj. Worth one addh,
S adhairy, s.f. = or half a p`; s.m. Anything worth half a p`.
H adhela [S. +], Half a pice
S adhairya, adj. = adhraj,
(pais), a small copper coin, equal to
q.v.
four dams.
S adhairya, adj. =
H adhel, s.f. Half-rupee; half-gold
S adhairy, s.f. = adhraj, mohur; half-share.
q.v. H adheliy, s.m. Holder or
H adhe [S. + ], adj. Middle- proprietor of a half-share (=adhiy);anything
aged; just past the prime of life. worth half a pice (adhel).
H udhe (v.n. of udhen, q.v.), s.m.f. S adhn, = H dhn, adj.
(?) Unravelling; unweaving; unpicking & postpos. (gov. gen. with -ke), Subject, under
(stitches), &c.: udhe-bun, s.f. Lit. 'Unpicking the authority (of), subservient, dependent,
and weaving'; (hence), perplexity, subordinate; submissive, obedient; obsequious;
bewilderment, embarrassment, confusion, docile, tractable, humble, meek, lowly:adhn
dilemma; uneasiness, disquiet, anxiety, rahn (-ke), To remain subject, or in allegiance
solicitude, concern; distress, grief;devising, (to):adhn hon (-ke), To be subject (to); to
planning; deliberation, anxious thought; submit (to); to obey; to be humble.
scheme, plan, device. H dhn, = S adhn, adj.
H adhepan [adhe+pan = S. & postpos. (gov. gen. with -ke), Subject, under
aff. ], s.m. The middle period of life, the authority (of), subservient, dependent,
subordinate; submissive, obedient; obsequious;
manhood, mature age.
docile, tractable, humble, meek, lowly:adhn
H udhen (caus. of udhan), 1 rahn (-ke), To remain subject, or in allegiance
v.n.=udhan, q.v.;2 v.t. To undo, unsew, (to):adhn hon (-ke), To be subject (to); to
unravel, unpick (sewing), untwist, unknot; to submit (to); to obey; to be humble.
pull to pieces; to lay open, unfold, disclose,

73
H adhyan, corr. S adhyayan, s.m. Reading,
from adhyayan, q.v. studying (especially the Vedas); study,
S adhnt, = application.
S adaya, adj. (f. -), Merciless,
H adhnt`, =
unkind, unfeeling, cruel.
H adhnt, =
S adya, adv. To-day; now; (see j):
H dhn, s.f. Subjection, adypi, adyvadhi, adv. Even to this day, still,
subservience, dependence, subordination, even yet, even now.
obedience, submissiveness, humility, meekness; S dya, adj. First, initial, prior, pre-
obsequiousness, servility:adhnt-se, adv.
eminent.
Obediently, submissively, humbly, meekly:
adhnt karn, To practise humility; to beg, S uday (vulg. uda`e), s.m. Rising (of
beseech, pray, entreat, petition. the sun, &c.); dawn, sunrise; ascent;
H adhnt`, = appearance, advent; the East (as opposed
to asta, the West); the eastern mountain from
S adhnt, = behind which the sun is supposed to rise
H adhnt, = (=udayal); light, splendour; prosperity,
success:udayal (i.e. udaya+aala), s.m.
H dhn, s.f. Subjection, The mountain from behind which the sun is
subservience, dependence, subordination, supposed to rise:uday-
obedience, submissiveness, humility, meekness; ast (=S. udaysta), udayast-tak, adv. From
obsequiousness, servility:adhnt-se, adv. sunrise to sunset, the whole day; from the East
Obediently, submissively, humbly, meekly: to the West, over the whole world:uday hon,
adhnt karn, To practise humility; to beg, To rise (as the sun, &c.), to dawn; to appear, be
beseech, pray, entreat, petition. manifest; to begin, arise, originate; to spring up,
H adhnt, = sprout.
S adhnt, = S udypana, s.m. Bringing to a
conclusion; closing ceremony; dedication of a
H adhnt`, =
temple, &c.
H dhn, s.f. Subjection, A adyn, s.m. pl. (of dn), Creeds;
subservience, dependence, subordination, religions; religious rites and ceremonies.
obedience, submissiveness, humility, meekness; S udyn, s.m. Royal pleasure-ground,
obsequiousness, servility:adhnt-se, adv. park or garden;motive, purpose.
Obediently, submissively, humbly, meekly: A adb, s.m. A teacher of manners (adab);
adhnt karn, To practise humility; to beg, teacher;adj. Polite, courteous.
beseech, pray, entreat, petition.
H ad-bad ( bad,rt.
H dhn, =
S. 'to speak,'redupl.), s.f. Predestination;
S adhnt, =
fate, destiny;allegation; slander, calumny.
H adhnt`, = S uddpta, part. Illuminated.
H adhnt, s.f. Subjection, S uddpan, s.m. Blazing or glowing
subservience, dependence, subordination, of a luminous body; illumination; exciting,
obedience, submissiveness, humility, meekness; flaming (as passion).
obsequiousness, servility:adhnt-se, adv.
S udyat, part. adj. Raised, held up;
Obediently, submissively, humbly, meekly:
adhnt karn, To practise humility; to beg, active, persevering, assiduous, diligent,
beseech, pray, entreat, petition. laborious; eager, prepared, ready;s.m.
Section, chapter, division (of a book):udyat
S adhyshit, part. Inhabited,
rahn or hon (-me), To be diligent, laborious,
peopled. assiduous, &c. (in).
S adhyet, s.m. Student, scholar, S de (vulg. des), s.m.
pupil, disciple. Order, command, injunction; instruction;
S adhyeshaa, s.m. prediction; a form of salutation among jogs and
Solicitation, entreaty. other religious mendicants to a superior, good
day, good morrow; good-bye, farewell; (in
Gram.) the substitution of one letter or syllable
for another.

74
S udde (vulg. udes), s.m. H aar-uar, s.m. A ditch and
Direction, indication, sign, trace; search, the mound of earth thrown up from it, forming
inquiry; scope; ascertainment; report, the boundary of a field (cf. ).
information, tidings; exemplification, example; H asa, s.m. Rough estimate
quarter, region, place, foreign land or country
(=pardes). or calculation, &c. (also written arsa,
and asa, q.v. and cf. sa).
S uddeya, s.m. Anything to which
H aig ( neg.+rt. of H. ,
one refers or which one has in view; anything
noteworthy; (in Gram.) the subject. q.v.), adj. Immovable, firm, steady, not
A adm, s.m. Scented leather (brought from tottering, shaky or ricketty, &c. (See aal.)
Arabia); surface (of the earth or heavens); (in S ambar, s.m. The sounding of
Pers.) face. trumpets; charge sounded by musical
S udyam (vulg. uddam, uddim), s.m. instruments; the trumpeting of elephants; noise
Effort, exertion, endeavour; labour, toil, pains, and bustle; arrogance, pride, ostentation.
trouble; employment, calling, business, trade: H un, v.n.= un, q.v.
udyam karn, To use effort or exertion, to exert H u, uo (from u; or o
oneself, to endeavour, take pains or trouble; to
labour, toil; to follow a trade or calling. = S. affix ) s.m.f. One who goes flying about
S udyam, adj. Active, energetic, from place to place, a gad-about:u-u
laborious, persevering; prompt; engaged in hon, To become disgraced; to lose one's good
trade, &c. name.
P dna, s.m. Friday. S uup (and H. up), s.m. Raft,
S adyot, adj. Lustreless, without float; the moon.
splendour. (See ajot.) H aol [S. +, rt. ], adj. Not
S udyot, s.m. Light, lustre. shaking or swinging; not ricketty; immovable,
firm, steady; unshaken.
H ade-wade, s.m.
H ahn, s.m. One of the thirty-
Procrastination, evasion, shuffling:ade-wade
karn, To put off, evade, shuffle. six Rgins that are played or sung during the
night only. (Also written ahn and an).
S udyog, s.m. Effort, exertion,
S hak, s.m. A measure of capacity
continued endeavour, perseverance; active
preparation; plan, scheme:udyog karn, To for dry measure (about 750 cub. in. English
exert oneself, strenuously endeavour; to seek measure).
diligently after; to contrive. H uhangan,
S udyog, adj. Active, energetic, s.m.= uhangan, q.v.
laborious, persevering. S hya, adj. Rich in, abounding in;
S adeya, adj. Improper or unfit to be possessing in abundance.
given. A a (for ), s.f. Annoyance, vexation,
S uday, adj. Rising, ascending; molestation, injury.
A i, adv. When; lo, behold.
prosperous, flourishing.
A zr (and ar), s.m. The sixth of the
H [S. ?], s.f. A duct; water- Greek (or Syrian) months, corresponding to
course from a well; ridge of earth on the sides March, O.S.
of a water-course; the seed-vessels of til. A r, adj. Of or relating to the
H a [S. +; and cf. S. , month r; vernal.
A an, s.f. The notification or
H. ], s.m. The shed or place in
announcement of prayer and of the time
which kahrs, palanquin bearers, coolies, thereof; the call to prayer (usually chanted from
carters, &c. assemble or abide; stand, station, the turret of a mosque):an den, v.t. To
assembly-room; lounge or meeting-place of call to prayer.
idlers or pleasure-seekers;a square frame for P ubak (vulg. ujbak), s.m. (f. -n), s.m. A
embroidery; perch of a bird-cage; heel of a man of the Uzbek tribe of Tartars; a Tartar; an
shoe; one of the (usually) two divisions of land uncivilized man; clown, dolt, fool.
watered by a well (see );a fixed measure or P ar, vulg. ur (Zend tar; see tash),
standard:ae-dr, s.m. The keeper or owner s.m. Fire;the ninth month of the Persian
of an a.

75
Calendar, December; winter;(prob. for P r (fr. wardan, 'to bring,'used in
A. zar) the name of Abraham's father. comp.), part. adj. & s.m. Bringing; bringer
P ar, adj. Of or relating to ar, q.v. (e.g. bar-r, 'fruit-bringing,' 'fertile').
P arn (ar, q.v.+Zend aena;=S. in), H ur [S. ], s.m. Breast, bosom;
s.m. Camomile flower, ox-eye. heart:ur-p, s.f. Heart-ache, grief, sorrow:
A i`n [inf. n. iv of ' to be tractable'], ur ln,me laga-len, v.t. To clasp to the
s.m. Obedience, submission; confidence, belief. bosom, embrace, caress, fondle.
A afar, adj. (compar. & super. of afir),
Of strong, or very strong, odour (whether sweet S uru, adj. Large, great, wide, ample:
or unpleasant); very strong-scented; most s.f.= ru, q.v.
fragrant. H r [S. or +], s.m. Spoke of
P A uqa, s.m.= qa, q.v. a wheel; a saw; a shoe-maker's knife or awl:
A akr (pl. of ikr), s.m. Repetitions r-aln (-par), To saw:r aln or al-
of the names and praises of God, recitals, jn (-par), To be sawed:ra sir-par al-
commemorations, rehearsals of prayer. jan, To be tortured, tormented, put to
A ikr [inf. n. iv of ' to remember'], excruciating pain, &c.:r-kash, s.m.
s.m. Reminding; exhorting to obedience; Sawyer:r khain (-par), To saw.
remembering, praising (God). P r (fr. rstan, 'to adorn'; see rsta);
A akiya pl. (of ak), s.m. People of part. adj. Adorning, gracing (used in comp.,
discernment, penetration or understanding; the e.g. jahn-r, 'world-adorning').
acute; the ingenious. P arba (=`araba), s.m. A wheeled
A aall, adj. compar. & super. (of all), carriage; a gun-carriage; a wagon, a cart.
More, or most, vile; baser; basest; more abject; S arti, rti, s.m. Enemy,
most abject.
foe.
A ain, s.m. Chanting the Qor`n; hearing.
A in (vulg. ian), s.m. Permission, leave, H arr (from arrn, q.v., =
concession of liberty (to do a thing); consent of S. ), s.m. A loud and prolonged sound (as
two contracting parties (as in a marriage from the discharge of artillery, or the fall of a
contract):in-i-`m, s.m. (Among building, &c.).
Mohammadans) permission to depart given
H r-jr (corr. for n-
after the reading of prayers over the dead:in-
nma, s.m. Distribution of property by a jn), s.f. Coming and going; ingress and
testator, a will. egress.
P A qa, and aqa (com. but incor. S arjak, adj. Without king or
for zqa = b+zuqqa), s.m. Sustenance, ruler; anarchical (a country).
food, provisions; subsistence, livelihood. P irdat, s.f.= irda, q.v.
A ahn, s.m. (pl. of ihn), Geniuses; A irdata (acc. of irdat), adv.=irde-se,
intellects; capacities. q.v.s.r. irda.
A ayat, s.f. Wanton injury; molestation, P irda [for A. , inf. n. iv
annoyance, oppression; trouble, suffering, of for ' to seek, seek after'], s.m. Desire,
distress:ayat uhn, v.n. To suffer inclination, will; intention, purpose, resolve,
vexation, inconvenience, &c.:ayat den (- determination; aim, object, end, end in view;
ko), To injure, trouble, harass, molest, &c. plan, design; meaning, purport:irda karn(-
S ar, s.m. Spoke of a wheel (=r, q.v.). k), To desire, intend, purpose, design; to aim
(at,as a goal or destination), to make (for); to
P ar (contrac. of agar,used in poetry), be on the point (of); to form a design (against),
conj. If. make an attempt (on); to contemplate, meditate;
S ari, s.m. Enemy, foe; a wheel:ari- to propose, devise, plan:irde(-ke), postpos.
dal, s.m. Host or army of enemies, or of the With the design or intention (of), with the view
enemy:ari-mardan, s.m. prop. n. Destroyer of, &c.:irde-se, adv. With the view (of),
or subduer of foes. with a view (to), with the intention (of), for the
H aru [S. +], conj. Again; moreover; purpose (of), in order (to), to the end (that);
intentionally, purposely, deliberately, willingly.
and; also; then.
S rdhak, adj. & s.m.
H r [S. , rt. ], s.f. A goad, a sharp
Worshipping, adoring, supplicating;
probe at the end of a whip or stick, pricker,
conciliating, gratifying;worshipper, &c.
bodkin; spur of a cock; a kind of ladle used in
sugar-factories:r karn (-ke),mrn (-ko), S rdhan, s.m. =
To prick with a goad, to goad; to spur. S rdhan, s.f. Worship,

76
adoration, religious service; devotion; obtain ease, relief, comfort, &c.; to find rest,
propitiation; supplication; accomplishment. repose, &c.; to become quiet; to recover, get
S rdhan, s.f. = well:rm-pohun (-ko) = rm-den,
q.v.:rm hn, v.n. To desire repose, need
S rdhan, s.m. Worship, rest:rm-dil, adj. Quiet or easy in mind:
adoration, religious service; devotion; rm-den (-ko), To give ease, afford relief; to
propitiation; supplication; accomplishment. ease, appease, assuage, relieve; to comfort,
H rdhn, ardhn, soothe, solace; to restore to health, cure, heal:
rm-se, adv. With ease, easily; at (one's) ease,
[S. ], v.t. To worship, adore, serve; to
at leisure; comfortably, conveniently, without
propitiate; to supplicate; to accomplish. pain or anxiety:rm-talab, adj. & s.m.
S rdhya, part. adj. To be Seeking (one's) ease, fond of ease; idle,
worshipped, to be propitiated; venerable, indolent, lazy:one who seeks his ease, a lover
worshipful;an epithet of a certain class of of ease; an indolent or lazy person:rm
Brhmans. karn, rm len, v.n. To take rest; to recover
A aril, s.m. pl. (of arul, the pl. from fatigue, &c.; to rest, repose, recline, lie
of ral), The base, the low or vulgar; mean down, sleep; to loll; to be idle; to live at ease or
people. in enjoyment:rm karn or kar-den, v.t. To
restore to health, cure, heal:rm-kurs, s.f.
H arr [S. ], s.m. Shelter; a shed
Easy chair:rm-gh, rm-gah, s.f. Resting-
or hut in the jungles used by graziers. place; bed-chamber:rm len = rm karn,
H arr, s.m. Bump or swelling v.n.; q.v.:rm-wl, adj. & s.m.=rm-
occasioned by the sting or bite of an insect; talab, q.v.:rm-wl, s.f. 1=rm-wl; 2
nail-mark left after scratching;steep, high A source of ease and comfort, a wife:rm
bank of a river (=ka, which is the more hon or ho-jn, To derive ease, comfort,
com. form). convenience, &c. (from, -se); to become well;
to become better; to recover; (Met.) to die.
H arro (corr. from the
A armil, s.f. pl. (of ), Widows,
English), s.m. Arrowroot. distreased and needy women.
P arzil; incor. for aril, q.v. P rm, adj. & s.m.=rm-talab,
P rstag (abst. subs. from next, q.v.), q.v.s.v. rm.
s.f. Preparation; putting in order, arrangement, P rmda (perf. part. of rmdan;
disposition, adjustment; regularity, order; see rm), adj. Quiet, at rest, at ease.
decoration, ornament, embellishment. (Also ramda).
P rsta [+Pehl. rst; rt. Z. rd =
H arrn (Onomat.), v.n. To produce
S. ], adj. Prepared; arranged, disposed; well-
a prolonged rumbling sound (as a mill, fall of a
ordered, well-regulated; regular; improved; building, &c.).
adorned, embellished, decorated, bedecked P r`e = P. r, q.v.
(with); dressed; equipped:rsta-pairsta, P r`ish (abst. s. fr. r), s.f. Preparation:
adj. Bedecked, adorned with jewels, &c.; dressing; ornament, decoration, embellishment;
equipped:rsta karn, v.t. To prepare, get ornamental trees, flowers, &c. of paper or tale
ready; to put in order, arrange, dispose, adjust, and tinsel carried in wedding processions:
regulate, settle; to draw up in order (an army), r`ish den (-ko), To ornament, embellish,
to array; to collect, group; to adorn, ornament, deck, adorn, grace, beautify:r`ish karn,
decorate, embellish, beautify, grace. v.t. Idem.
A ar, s.f. pl. (of ar), Lands,
H arb, arab [S. ], adj. One
estates; detached portions of land.
A ariyt, s.f. pl. of, and= ar, hundred millions:arab-kharab, adj.
q.v. Innumerable, incalculable.
P irqat [for A. , inf. n. iv A arbb, s.m. pl. (of rabb), Possessors,
of for ' to become clear,' &c.], s.f. lords, masters:arbb-i-barat, The
Pouring out; spilling, shedding; passing urine; intelligent, the clear-sighted; the circumspect:
urine. arbb-i-jh, Those who are possessed of
dignity:arbb-i-dnish, The wise; the
S rm, s.m. Place of pleasure,
intelligent:arbb-i-sukhan, The eloquent;
garden, grove. masters of language, the poets:arbb-i-shar`,
P rm [rt. Zend ram = S. , with ], s.m. Law-officers:arbb-i-firsat, The acute; the
Rest, repose, quiet, ease, relief, comfort, penetrating; the sagacious:arbb-i-
convenience; well-being; health; easy condition fahm = arbb-i-dnish:arbb-i-ml, Officers
or circumstances, competency:rm pn, To of the treasury:arbb-i-ma`n, Spiritual

77
persons:arbb-i-nisht, Dancers; singers; v.t. To present an offering, to offer sacrifice,
musicians:arbb-i-himmat, Men of spirit, make an oblation; to give alms; to devote (to),
men of lofty aspirations. set apart (for), consecrate, dedicate; to offer,
H arbk [S. ], adj. Low, present, give, consign:arpa-nma, s.m. A
deed of gift, especially to a temple or idol.
inferior, vile:adv. Below, behind; at first,
formerly. H arpn, arapn [S. ], v.t. To
S
arbud, adj. One hundred millions present an offering, &c.=arpa karn,
(see arab); the shape of the ftus in the second q.v.s.v. arpa.
month after conception; a certain mountain. H arat, corr. for arth, q.v.
H urbar, = S rta [vulg. rat), part. Afflicted,
H urbar, [S. ], s.f. Fertile soil, pained, distressed, grieved; disturbed; injured,
yielding every kind of crop. hurt:rta-baan, s.m. The complaint or cry of
the afflicted.
H urbar, =
S rti, s.f. Pain, affliction, distress;
H urbar, [S. ], s.f. Fertile soil, intense desire.
yielding every kind of crop. H rt [S. ], s.m. A certain
H arbarn, ceremony in connection with marriage among
v.n.= haban, q.v. Hinds. When the bridegroom first comes to the
H urbas [S. +], s.f. Name house of the bride he is received by her
of an Apsara or nymph of Indra's heaven; an relatives, who present to him, moving it
apparition, phantom; an ornament worn on the circularly round his head, a platter painted and
breast. divided into several compartments filled with
A arba`, = A arba`a, adj. Four.: rice and powder for tilak, and in the middle of
arba`, or arba` mutansiba, Simple Rule of which is a lamp made of flour, filled with gh,
Three:arba` 'anir, s.m. The four elements, and having several wicks lighted.
earth, air, fire, water. A irtibt [inf. n. viii of ' to tie, bind'],
A arba`a, = A arba`, adj. Four.: s.m. Connexion, affinity, familiarity, intimacy,
arba`, or arba` mutansiba, Simple Rule of close friendship. (See rabt.)
Three:arba` 'anir, s.m. The four elements, A irtil [inf. n. viii of ' to mount,
earth, air, fire, water. ride'], s.m. Act of marching or travelling;
A arba`n (nom.), = departure; death.
A arba`n (obl.) adj. Forty. A irtidd [inf. n. viii of ' to cause to
A arba`n (obl.) = return'], s.m. Returning, rejecting, refusing;
A arba`n (nom.), adj. Forty. opposing; rejection; apostasy; recantation.
A irtism [inf. n. viii of ' to mark,
H rbal [S. +], s.f. Age,
stamp'], s.m. A distinguishing mark; plan,
life, duration of life. painting, writing.
H arbind [S. aravinda], A irtish [inf. n. viii of ' to give a
s.m. A lotus, Nelumbium speciosum, bribe'], s.m. Taking a bribe; bribery; corruption.
or Nympha nelumbo. (See rishwat.)
S arbhak, s.m. Boy, child, son; the A irte`sh, vulg. irte`s [inf. n. viii
of ' to tremble'], s.m. Trembling; tremor;
young of any animal. trepidation.
H r-pr [S. +], adv. A irtif` [inf. n. viii of ' to elevate'],
Through and through, right through; pierced s.m. Elevation, exaltation; height; ascent;
through; across; from one side to the other grandeur; prosperity.
(also wr-pr):r-pr karn, v.t. To pass A irtikb [inf. n. viii of ' to ride or go
through and through, to pierce through, upon,' 'to travel'], s.m. Embarking in an
penetrate. enterprise, venturing on an affair; perpetration
S arpit, part. Appointed, fixed; or commission of a sin or crime:irtikb
karn, To embark (in) an affair, venture (on) an
arranged, placed, deposited; delivered,
enterprise; to perpetrate or commit a crime.
consigned; presented.
H artal [S. +?], s.m.
S arpa, s.m. Delivering, entrusting,
Patron, protector.
placing in or upon; presenting an offering; an
offering, sacrifice; a gift; a sum set apart for H urt, s.m.= utt, q.v.
religious or charitable purposes:arpa karn,

78
S aritwa, s.m. (fem. arit), Enmity, platter containing a five-wicked burning lamp,
flour and incense; a hymn of praise:rt
hostility.
karn, rt len, To perform the ceremony
S arth, vulg. arath, s.m. Object, aim, of rt.
purpose, intent; cause, motive, reason, account, A irs, s.m. Inheritance, heritage.
sake; interest; advantage, profit, benefit, use, P arj [Zend arej; S. arh], s.f. Worth, value;
utility; concern, business, affair, matter; thing; respect, honour, dignity:arj-mand [Z. ma;
substance, property, wealth, opulence; worldly S. mant]. Possessing worth or dignity; noble,
prosperity; substance, material, stuff; suit, case, illustrious, excellent; worthy, honourable; wise,
petition; sense, meaning, purport, import; learned; beloved, dear, precious; unequalled;
postpos. For, for the sake (of): rare; blessed, happy.
arthntara (i.e. artha+antara), s.m. Another H raj, rj [S. ], adj. Aryan; of
meaning; a variety of signification; another
interpretation:arth batn(-k), To give the good family, respectable, honourable,
meaning (of), to explain:arth birn(-k), venerable.
To apprehend the sense or meaning (of), to H rj, and rj, s.f.
understand; to interpret:arth-bodhak, adj. A Jain woman who leads the life of an ascetic.
Conveying the real import; significant;s.m. H r-jr = r-jr, q.v.
(in Gram.) A significant term; any word which
conveys a sense as distinguished from the mere A irj` [inf. n. iv of ' to return'], s.m.
unmeaning root:arth-bhed, s.m. Distinction, Causing to return, returning, bringing back;
difference of meaning; distinguishing between changing; substituting; instituting (a suit).
words:arth den, arth rakhn, v.n. To have H rjab [S. rjava,
or yield the meaning (of, -k); to mean, signify, from ], s.m. Rectitude, honesty; sincerity,
denote; to express:arth-siddhi, s.f.
candour.
Accomplishment of one's purpose, success:
arth-stra, s.m. Institutes of the science of S arjit, part. Acquired, obtained,
what is useful (e.g. friends, money, &c.): earned, gained:arjit karn, v.t. To acquire,
arth-krak, adj. & s.m. Interpreting; &c.
interpreter:arth-lbh, s.m. Acquisition of A arjal, s.m. A horse having the lower part
wealth; attainment of one's object; appreciation of one alone of his fore-legs white (or,
of a meaning or signification:arth-lobh, adj. according to others, any one alone of his legs
& s.m. Greedy of gain; name of a jackal in one white,which is regarded in the East as a
of the fables of the Hitopadesh:arth serious blemish);a large-footed man.
nikln = arth birn, q.v. P arjmand, v.s.v. arj.
S artht, adv. In fact; that is to S arjan, s.m. Act of acquiring;
say, id est; namely, to wit, videlicet. acquisition; gain, earnings; profits; amassing,
A irtihn [inf. n. viii of ' to deposit as accumulating.
a pledge'], s.m. Taking or receiving a thing as a S arjun, s.m. Name of a hero in the
pledge; pledge; hostage. (See rahn.)
Mah, bhrat, the third of the Pnav
S arth, adj. & sm. Supplicating; princes;a certain tree, Terminalia alata
desirous, craving; having an object to globra.
accomplish; self-interested; designing; H arjn, v.t. To acquire, obtain,
wealthy;supplicant, beggar, petitioner;
earn, gain.
applicant, suitor; plaintiff, prosecutor; a wealthy
man; follower, dependent; protege; servant; H arjhn,
client; agent, man of business (=arthiy, q.v.). and arujhn, v.t. caus. of next.
H arth [by metathesis H urajhn, arajhn, v.n.
for or =S. +], s.f. A bier (such local, for ulajhn, q.v.
as is used by Hinds): syn. bewn. S arui, s.f. Aversion, dislike;
H arthiy [S. +], s.m. disgust, disrelish, want of appetite; sickness at
Follower, dependent, protege; a person stomach, nausea.
recommended; client; broker; agent, man of S ari, s.m. Flame; light, radiance,
business (=ahatiy, q.v.). splendour.
H rt (for etym. see rt), s.f. A S ar, = H r, s.f.
ceremony performed in adoration of a god by Adoration, worship; devotion; an image.
moving circularly around the head of the idol a

79
H r, = S ar, s.f. H ird-gird, adv. & postpos. (gov. -
Adoration, worship; devotion; an image. ke), Around, all round, round about, on every
S arit, part. Worshipped, adored, side (of), on all sides. (See gird, and cf. s-ps).
revered. H ardal (corr. from the English),
S arak, adj. & s.m. Worshipping, s.m. An orderly; a peon in regular attendance on
an official; an attendant who runs before his
adoring;worshipper.
master's conveyance.
S aran, s.m. = S aran,
H ardal [S. +?], s.f. Posse or
s.f., Worship, adoration; homage, reverence,
crowd of suitors or dissolute fellows:ardal
respect; ceremoniousness.
utarn (-par), A crowd of lewd fellows to fall
S aran, s.f., = S aran, (on,commonly applied to a rush made upon a
s.m. Worship, adoration; homage, reverence, harlot by a number of loose men).
respect; ceremoniousness. S ardan, s.m. A begging request;
H arn [S. ] , v.t. To worship, covetousness;wounding, killing.
adore. T urd, s.m. Army; camp; market of a
A arm, s.m. pl. (of rem), Wombs, camp; s.f. (=urd zabn), The Hindstn
matrices; relations by the mother's side, uterine language as spoken by the Muhammadans of
kindred. India, and by Hinds who have intercourse with
A aram, adj. compar. & super. them or who hold appointments in the
(of ram), More, most, or very merciful or Government courts, &c. (It is composed of
compassionate:aramu`r-rimn, The most Hind, Arabic, and Persian, Hind constituting
merciful of the merciful (an attribute of God). the back-bone, so to speak):urd-i-mu`all,
A ir [inf. n. iv of ' to become The royal camp or army (generally means the
loose'], s.m. Slackening, loosening:ir-e- city of Dehli or Shhjahnbd); the court
`enn, s.m. Letting loose the reins; unruliness. language (=urd-i-mu`all-k zabn); the
Hindstn language as spoken in Dehli.
P rd, rad (=S. ), s.m. Flour; meal.
S ardha, arddha, adj. & s.m.
H urd, urad, s.m. A kind of
Half-, semi-, hemi-; a half, a part:
vetch, Dolichos pilosus. ardhng, ardhang (i.e. ardha+anga), s.m. Lit.
H ard (by met. for adl, from badl), 'Half the body'; palsy affecting half the body,
s.m. (prov.), Requital, return, retaliation. hemiplegia; distortion of the face:
H T urd-begn, s.f. An armed female ardhng, ardhang, adj. & s.m. Afflicted with
attendant in a harem. hemiplegia;one so afflicted, a paralytic; an
H ards [S. + ; but cf. appellation of the godiva:s.f. A wife;a
slovenly woman, a slattern:ardha-bhg, s.m.
with , of which it is prob. a corr.], s.f. A half:ardha- (arddha-) andra, s.m. Half-
Representation, petition, request, entreaty; moon; crescent; semicircle (v.s.v. adh):
supplication; offering (to a deity):ards ardha-aup`, s.f. A species of metre:ardha-
karn, v.t. To petition, solicit, request, entreat, rtra, s.m.f.? Midnight:ardha-lok, s.m.
beseech; to worship; to pray. Hemistich; a line in epic poetry:ardha-
H ardw [P. rd+ ba], s.m. kapr (or -ka pl), v.s.v.ad:ardha-kumbha,
A mixture of parched and bruised grain and s.m. Lit. 'Half-kumbha,' the sixth year fair
barley (or wheat and barley) given as food to (see kumbhan).
cattle, either in a dry state or mixed with water. H urdh, uradh, s.m. A kind of vetch
P arda-bihisht, vulg. urde-bihisht, (=urad, q.v.).
s. Lit. 'like Paradise'; the second month of the
H urdhag, =
Persian calendar, corresponding to April.
S rdra, adj. Wet, moist, damp. H urdhag, [S. +], s.m. A
disease occasioned by the mounting of wind
S urdra, s.m. An otter (com. form d-
upwards; flatulency; &c. (=uddhak, q.v.).
bil`o).
H urdhag, =
S rdr, s.f. Name of one of the lunar
H urdhag, [S. +], s.m. A
mansions (=dr, q.v.).
disease occasioned by the mounting of wind
S rdrak, s.m. Green ginger
upwards; flatulency; &c. (=uddhak, q.v.).
(=adrak, q.v.).
H ardhan = ardan, q.v.

80
H urd (corr. ward), s.f. Uniform;
livery; appointed dress of the
subordinate employs of any department.
P urd, s.f. The second month of the solar
year (see urde-bihisht); the first month in
autumn.
A arl, s.m. pl. (of ral), s.m. Low letter, &c.); despatch; remitting; remittance;
mean, or common people; the vulgar; the
rabble.
A aral, adj. super. (of ral), Very, or
most, mean, vile, ignoble, &c.
H aran, v.n. To scream out. nma, s.m. Invoice of goods, rents, &c.
(Cf. arrn).
P arz [Zend arej, S. , rt. ], s.m. Price, H ursn [S.
value; quantity; esteem, veneration, honour:
arz-i-bzr, Market price; price current:arz-i-
irsl, s.m. Invoice; particulars of the despatch
of treasure, &c.
A aruz, uruz, urz, s.m. Rice.
A arzq, s.m. pl. (of rizq), Riches,
possessions.
H arzl, incor. for arl, q.v. cash account; debit and credit; guess,
P arzn, adj. Cheap; abundant.
P arzn, s.f. Cheapness; abundance,
plenty; good harvest:arzn rakhn, Lit. 'To
hold cheap'; to give away, present, bestow;
arzn hon, To be granted or bestowed.
A arzaq (by met. for azraq), adj. Blue,
azure, cerulean; having cat's eyes:arzaq-
ashm, adj. Blue-eyed; cat-eyed.
P arzan, s.m. A kind of grain,
millet, Panicum pilosum.
P rz, (prob. z-r = z-war, transposed;
see z), s.f. Wish, desire, longing, eagerness;
hope; trust; expectation; intention, purpose,
object, design. inclination, affection, love:
rz karn (caus. of next), v.t. To make one
wish; to make one expect; to demand or require
great eagerness, &c.:rz karn (k), To
wish, desire; long for, yearn (after); to want,
need:rz-kash, adj. Desirous, &c.:rz-
mand, adj. Desirous; solicitous: longing for,
craving, auxious; eager; intent on:rz-
mand, s.f. Eager desire, wishfulness;
solicitude; anxiety.
P arzz, s.f. Tin; base or light money.
P arzhang, s.m. The picture gallery and
house of the celebrated painter Mn.
S aras, adj. Without juice, sapless;
tasteless, insipid; useless; vapid, dull, flat (as a
composition).
H arus [S. ], s.m. Name of a
medicinal plant or tree, Justicia adhatoda.
S arus, s.m. Wound, sore; vital part;
joint.
H ras = las, q.v. to bid, order, command.
H iris, irsi, s.f.= irs, q.v.
S uras, s.m. Breast, bosom, chest:
urasi-ja, s.m. Lit. "Produced on the chest"; the
female breast.
A irsl [inf. n. iv of ' to bring a
message'], s.m. Act of sending (as a writing,
monthly collections of rents forwarded to head-
quarters by the subordinate revenue
authorities:irsl karn, v.t. To send,
despatch, forward, remit, transmit:irsl-
forwarded or despatched.
'the breast"],
v.t. To cause emotion; to excite the passions.
H aras-paras, s.m.=
ar-par, q.v.
H arsa [prob. orig. a-sa,
S. + ++], s.m. A monthly account
of receipts and disbursements (=jama`-ar),
conjecture; valuation, appraisement; rough
estimate or calculation (=asa); a mediator,
broker:arsa-navs, s.m. The clerk who
keeps the cash account, &c.
H arsah, s.m. Debit and credit
account, cash account.
A aristtls, = A
arist, (Corr. from the Greek), prop. n. The
philosopher Aristotle.
A arist, =
A aristtls, (Corr. from the Greek),
prop. n. The philosopher Aristotle.
T arsln, s.m. A lion; a man's surname.
H ras, adj.= las, q.v.
H rs [S. +, rt. +], s.f.
Mirror, looking-glass; a small mirror worn, in
place of a stone, in a thumb-ring by Indian
women, also the ring with the mirror.
H irs [S. ], s.f. Axle-tree, axle.
H arsl [by met. for rasl =
S. +], adj. Watery, moist; weak, (as in the
expression) arsle-nain, adj. Having weak
eyes; with eyes as if just awake.
S rasya, s.m. Insipidity, want of
flavour; spiritlessness.
S ar, s.m. Hemorrhoids, piles.
A irshd [inf. n. iv of ' to take a right
course'], s.m. Direction, instruction; order,
command, bidding; will, pleasure:irshd
karn, irshd farmn, v.t. To direct, instruct;
81
H ar-par, vulg. aras- manal, s.m. The disc of the sun:
arkopal (i.e. arka+upala), s.m. The sun-stone, a
paras [S. redup.], s.m. Touching; touch, ruby; a crystal lens:ark-varsh, s.m. A solar
contact; partial bathing, throwing a little water year.
on the head with one's hand; sprinkling, S ruk, s.m. A medicinal plant of
aspersion; defilement or impurity arising from
contact (with anything unclean):ar- cooling properties growing in the Himalaya
par (or aras-paras) hon or ho-jn (-se), To mountains.
be touched (by) and thus rendered impure, to be H ark [S. +], adj. Bright,
defiled or polluted (by). clever; sharp, acute; ingenious; strange,
S arish, adj. Not wounded; unhurt, wonderful; new, novel. (Cf. arka.)
unharmed,s.m. A heron; a crow; a portent, H arkt, s.m. Arcot, a city in the
calamity, mistortune; good fortune; a mortal Deccan (Dakkhan).
disease; a sign or symptom of approaching H ark, adj. & s.m. Of or
death; the nm-tree (Melia azadirachta); garlic;
a woman's lying-in chamber. pertaining to Arcot;a native or inhabitant of
? arshad, adj. compar. & super. Arcot; a pilot (the pilots of Southern India in
(of rashd), More, or most, upright; most former times are supposed to have been men of
tenacious of the right way;s.m. One who Arcot):ark rpiy, s.m. An Arcot rupee.
explains orders, commands, &c. (especially of A arkn, s.m. pl. (of rukn), Supports,
the Deity). props; posts, pillars, columns; component parts;
A ar, s.f. The earth; land, region, country; fundamentals, essentials; (in Prosody) feet:
a portion of land. arkn-i-daulat, s.m.Lit. 'Pillars of State';
grandees, nobles; ministers of state.
A ar, adj. Relating to the earth; earthly;
terrestrial; mundane. S ark: For all comp. of
A artl, s.m. pl. (of ratl), Certain which ark- is the first member,
measures of weight, pounds. v.s.v. ark.
P argann (Gr. ), s.m. An
S rakta, adj. Reddish; red; blood-
organ,
P argawn, s.m. A plant whose flowers red.
and fruit are of a beautiful red (Arbor Juda); H arka [S. ], s.f. Brightness,
red colour, crimson; purple. intelligence; cleverness, acuteness, ingenuity;
P argawn, adj. Red, crimson; purple. activity; carefulness, caution, vigilance;
A irfh [inf. n. iv of ' to lead an easy circumspection. (Syn. surt;svadhn).
life'], s.m. Bestowing affluence; comforting, S arakshit, part. Unprotected,
cherishing;enjoyment of ample means and
tranquillity. uncared for, undefended.
A arfa, s.m. An obstinate heretic or H irkh, s.f.= rkh, q.v.
schismatic, particularly a bigoted Sh`a. S urag (ura, 'breast + ga, 'going), s.m.
A arfa`, adj. compar. & super.
Snake reptile, worm:uragd (`snake-eater'),
(of raf`), Higher; highest; very high; most
s.m. (in Myth.) Garu, the regent of birds:
exalted; sublime.
uragr (`enemy of snakes')=uragd:urag-
A arqm, s.f. pl. (of raqam), Figures,
sthn, s.m. The infernal regions, the abode of
numbers, &c. (See raqam).
the Ngas, Ptla.
A irqm [inf. n. iv of ' to mark, stamp,
&c.'], s.m. Act of writing: (N.B. Arabic H arg, adj.= alg, q.v.
lexicons recognize no 4th conj. of ): H argn, v.t.= algn, q.v.
irqm karn, v.t. To write:irqm hon, To be
written. H arg`, s.f.= alg`, q.v.
A arqn, s.m. Jaundice; mildew or blight H argaj (P. also argaja), s.m. A
(in corn). perfume of a yellowish colour compounded of
S ark, vulg. arak, s.m. The sun; a several scented ingredients: (One receipt
ray of light; crystal; copper; the specifies sandal, rose-
plant Calotropis gigantea; swallow- water, camphor, musk, ambergris and butter as
wort, Asclepias gigantea: the ingredients).
ark (i.e.arka+ana), s.m. A digit, or the H argaj, adj. Dyed
twelfth part of the sun's disc: with argaj (garments, &c.).
arkman (i.e. arka+amana), s.m. A crystal
lens; a ruby:ark-din, s.m. A solar day:ark-

82
S argal, s.m. A wooden bolt or pin H uri [S. +], adj. Out of debt,
for fastening a door; a bar. free from debt.
H argan (P. argan, contr. H arn [S. ], s.m. (f. -), A
of argann), s.m. An organ. wild buffalo:arn-bhais, s.m. Idem; (Met.)
H argan, s.f.= algan, q.v. A fat, lubberly man:arn-kan, s.m. Dried
cowdung gathered in the jungles (used as fuel
S argha; H. aragh, arag; by the natives of India, and in the preparation of
s.m. A mode of worship; libation; a respectful medicines).
offering of various ingredients to a god or a H arn, v.n.= an, q.v.
Brhman;price, cost:
argha (or aragh) ahn, ah-den, (-ko), H arur, adj. Of the colour of
To make an oblation to a deity, &c. the dawn (aru), reddish-brown, tawny.
H argh, H aru` [S. ], s.f. The
vulg. arg [S. ], s.m. A small boat- dawn; colour of the dawn, reddish-brown
shaped vessel used by the Hinds in their colour.
devotions, for performing libations. A arnab, s.m. Hare; rabbit.
P randa, vulg. rinda (r = var;
H url [S. +], adj. Belonging to see vara;+anda = Zend a = S. anta), s.m.
this side, hithermost. Porter, carrier.
A iram, s.m. A fabulous garden in Arabia S arundhat, s.f. Arundhati, a
Felix, paradise.
P armn, s.m. Wish, desire, inclination; particular star; the morning star.
longing; eagerness; hope;regret, grief, H ara [S. ], s.m. The tree
sorrow; vexation; contrition, remorse; anguish from the fruit of which castor-oil is
of repentance:armn rah-jn, v.n. To be made, Ricinus communis or Palma Christi:
disappointed of one's wish or hope; to have aran-k ja, adj. 'As or like the root of
one's hope or desire ungratified:armn the Aran`; unstable, infirm, frail, weak:
nikln or nikl-len, v.t. To satisfy one's ara-arbza, s.m. The Papt (Carica
longing, gratify one's wishes, enjoy the papaya).
fulfilment of one's wishes or hopes:armn
H aran, s.f. The fruit of the
nikaln, v.n. To be satisfied, or gratified.
castor-oil tree;a kind of firework, the shell of
H urmn [S. 'a fold'], v.t. To
the castor-oil seed charged with powder:
hem; to seam. (See orm.) ara-k tel, s.m. Castor-oil.
P armn, adj. Desirous; hopeful;
aspiring. S arav, s.m. The ocean, the sea.
S rambh, s.m. Beginning, H arn, s.f. Female wild buffalo
commencement; undertaking; effort, (see arn);a reed of which pipes are made.
exertion:rambh-bodhak, adj. Inchoative: S arai, ara, s.f. Wood used
rambh karn (-k), To begin, undertake. for kindling fire by attrition (commonly that of
P armagn, s.m. Present; rarity, curiosity; the Ficus religiosa).
a piece of money.
S araya, s.m. Forest; wilderness,
P arman, prop. n. Armenia.
P arman, = P armanya, adj. & s.m. desert.
Armenian; an Armenian. S raya, s.m.= araya; adj.
P armanya, = P arman, adj. & s.m. Forest, relating to a forest, forest-born, wild:
Armenian; an Armenian. raya-sabh, s.f. Forest-court, a court for a
P ramdagn (pl. of ramda), s.m. pl. community of hermits:raya-shash, s.f. A
Those who are at rest, the dead. certain religious ceremony observed by
P ramda (for rmda), part. adj. women:raya-k, s.m. The title of the
Reposed; at rest, at ease, quiet. third book of the Rmya.
S aru, s.m. The sun; dawn of day; S rav (also rv), s.m. Sound, noise.
colour of the dawn, reddish-brown colour: A arw, s.f. pl. (of r), Souls,
aru-a, s.m. Male bird; cock:arun-sikh, spirits.
s.m. Idem:aru-var, s.m. Colour of the
S arp, adj. Formless, shapeless;
dawn, dark red:aruopal, s.m.
Ruby; aruoday, s.m. Early dawn, day-break. ugly, ill-formed:s.m. Shapelessness; ugliness.

83
S rop, s.m. Placing in or on; S roha, s.m. Rising, ascending,
assigning, applying to; attributing to; climbing, mounting; growing of new shoots, or
predication; change, disguise, transformation, of plants; stair-case, ladder:roha karn, To
metamorphosis; transmutation. ascend, climb, mount, &c.
S ropit, part. Planted; strung (as H aruw, arw [S. +],
a bow); deposited, entrusted; changed into, s.f. A species of Arum, the root of which is used
transformed, disguised; feigned. as a vegetable (Arum colocasia, or Colocasia
S ropa, s.m. Placing or fixing antiquorum:
on; causing to mount or ascend; planting; syn.: ka; ghy).
trusting, delivering; stringing (a bow). S urv, s.f. The earth.
H ropn [S. ], v.t. To H ra, = P arra, s.m. A saw= r,
plant. q.v.:arra-kash, s.m. Sawyer:arra-
khain (par), To saw.
S urwar, s.m. Fertile soil, yielding
P arra, = H ra, s.m. A saw= r,
every kind of crop; land in general. (See ubar). q.v.:arra-kash, s.m. Sawyer:arra-
S rh, part. adj. Mounted on; khain (par), To saw.
(e.g. megh-rh, 'mounted on a cloud'). H arha [S. +], s.m. f. (?), A
S urva = urbas, q.v. well-wheel, the (so-called) Persian wheel (a
P rog, s.m. Belch, eructation. string of earthen pots attached to a revolving
wheel over a well, which go down empty and
S arog, adj. & s.m. Free from
come up full and tilt the water into a trough:
disease, sound, healthy, well; a healthy The commoner form of the word is raha).
person;freedom from sickness, soundness,
H arhar, =
healthiness, health.
S arog, adj.= arog. H arha, [S. ], s.f. A species
S arogya, and H. rogya, of pulse, Cajanus Indicus: (Syn. t`ar).
H arha, =
adj. & s.m.= arog:arogya-kr, s.m. A
restorative, anything producing health. H arhar, [S. ], s.f. A species
S arogyat, s.f. Healthiness, of pulse, Cajanus Indicus: (Syn. t`ar).
soundness. H urehn or urahn (i.q. ula
S arogyawn, adj. (f.-vat), hn, q.v.), s.m. Reproach, reproof.
Health-producing, healing. S arhant, s.m. A Buddha; a Jain
H arwan [S. ?], s.m. The first saint; a holy person (a follower of Buddha).
cuttings of corn, presented to the household H ar = ari, q.v.
gods.
H ara`, s.f.= arw, q.v.
S aravind, arwind, s.m. The
H ara`, s.f. A goad, &c.= ar,
lotus, Nympha nelumbo.
q.v.;a churn.
H arond, araund (for arondh),
H ara`, arai, s.f. A kind of grass
v.n. of arondhn, q.v.:araund-se hon, To
have the menses (=kapo-se hon). used as fodder for cattle and for thatching.
H rdhan [S. +, H r (dim. of r), s.f. A small saw; a
shoe-maker's awl.
rt. ], s.m. Stopping, checking, stopping the
H r [S. ], s.f. (Braj) A
breath, strangling.
woman's female friend; dear, darling; a ridge or
H arodhn, = mound of earth crossing ditches, dividing
H rdhn, [S. ], v.t. fields, &c.; a dike; bank of a river.
To strangle, kill by stopping the breath; to S are (fem. ar), intj. (used chiefly in
throttle. calling to or addressing inferiors), Holla! ho! O!
H rdhn, = Sirrah! hark ye!:are-are, intj. Good gracious!
O dear, O dear! What are you about!:are-
H arodhn, [S. ], v.t.
tare = abe-tabe, q.v.s.v. abe:are-re, intj.
To strangle, kill by stopping the breath; to Alas! O dear! Woe's me!
throttle.

84
P re, r, adv. Yes, yea, verily:re-bale, H [S. + or , rt. ], s.f.
s.m. Evasion, shift, shuffling, subterfuge,
Covering, concealment, screen, shelter,
deception.
protection, guard, shield, defence, refuge,
H riy, ry, s.m. A plant of security; prop, support, buttress; obstruction,
the gourd kind. interruption, stoppage, obstacle, hindrance,
H ry [S. +], s.m. An Aryan; impediment, bar, barrier; fence, wall; check,
restraint, prohibition; mound or bank of earth
the Aryan languages.
forming the boundary of a field; a horizontal or
H are-pare, = H curved line painted across the forehead:-
ary-pary, adv. On this side and (or a)band or bondh, s.m. A cloth worn by
that; right and left. (See r-pr.) Hinds, passing round the waist and between
H ary-pary, = H the thighs, and fastened behind:-me (-k),
adv. Under cover (of); lying in ambush; behind;
are-pare, adv. On this side and that; across, athwart, obliquely, transversely; under
right and left. (See r-pr.) the pretext or pretence (of):-me n (-k),
H ureb [S. ; but cf. H. and To come in the way (of); to stop the way; to
come between, intervene, interpose.
P. fareb], s.m. & adj. Craftiness, trickery,
fraud, deception;sloping, slanting, crooked, H r, A kind of ladle used in sugar
tortuous; crafty, deceitful, fraudulent:ureb- manufactories (= r, q.v.)
k, adj. Crafty, fraudulent, deceitful. H [S. ], s.f. A bird, the
P re-bale, v.s.v. P. are. Sarali, Turdus ginginianus.
S arti, s.f. Bad manners, ill- H a (part. of an), part. adj. (f. -),
breeding, impoliteness, incivility. Opposed, checked; troublesome, difficult;
S rya, adj. Of good family, entangled, &c.:ae km sawrn, To
respectable, venerable, honourable;interj. My manage or accomplish a troublesome work; to
lord! Sir! remove difficulties; to extricate, disentangle; to
H a (contr. of next, q.v.), s.f. pay the way:ae-thue, ae-kare, ae-waqt,
Obstruction, interruption, stoppage, s.m. Difficulty; entanglement, complication;
constipation; bar, barrier, barricade; adversity, distress.
embankment, dike; dam or weir thrown across a H [S. ++], adj. (f. -),
stream to catch fish;opposition, contrariety; Interrupting, interposing; opposing; obstructive;
obstinacy; contention, dispute; (in comp.) adj. cross, transverse, oblique, crooked:-eh,
& adv. Cross-, counter-, out of the way, remote, adj. Cross, peevish; displeased: tl, s.f. A
&c.:a-bl (in W. and S. India), s.m. A sort of striking of the foot, a person's striking
distant relative; a pretended relative:a-ba, his extended foot on the ground whether whilst
adj. Uneven, rough, rugged; unmeaning, moving along or whilst standing still:-
nonsensical (in this and the following senses the eh, s.f. Opposition, contrariety, perverseness,
word is probably connected with baba, and obstinacy; peevishness, crossness:
not with a); s.m. Senseless words or talk, ln, karn, To obstruct, check; to oppose,
nonsense, raving:a-ba bakn, v.n. To talk cross, thwart: dwr, s.f. Transverse wall;
inconsiderately or incoherently, to talk a wall made to stop a way: sangal, s.f. A
nonsense; to rave:a-baang, s.m. Foolish chain thrown across to obstruct:
actions, folly, madness:a-baang, adj. e (or ae)n, v.t. & v.n. To come between,
Thoughtless, inconsiderate, foolish:a-an, intervene, interpose; to shield, protect, shelter,
s.m. Cross-pole, bar, barrier, barricade, boom; screen;to come under shelter, to be
stoppage, hindrance, impediment:a- protected:ae hth (or htho) len or le-
t (S. avara+jti), adj. Low-born, base-born, len (-ko), To fold the arms round, to embrace,
low:a-min, s.f. Counter-security; surety hug; to clutch, gripe; to pull up; to vanquish,
for a surety; mutual responsibility:a-karn, overcome (as in wrestling); to fall foul of; to
v.n. To be obstinate, head-strong, restive; to be rebuke, chide; to revile; to shame, disgrace,
obstructive; to o pose, to stick, to gib (as a humiliate:e hon or hojn, To be or
horse):a-kasb (W. and S. India), s.m. A become crooked or bent; to bend or double
Hind who follows a trade different from that oneself.
of his ancestors;a-mp, (W. and S. India) s.f. H , s.m. A saw, &c.= r, q.v.
A measure in excess of the standard:a-mn,
H ar, a, s.m. Heap, pile,
s.m. Deposit, pledge, security.
place where wood, &c. is heaped or collected

85
(=al); harvest floor for the blossoms of dexterously, skilfully or effectively (as an
the mahn`; outhouses for cattle (=arr); high, instrument, &c.); to puff or blow away; to
steep bank (=a). scatter, disperse; to winnow; to drive away,
H a [S. ?], s.m. High. frighten away, scare; to blow up, explode (as a
fort, mine, &c.); to destroy; to spread abroad,
steep bank of a river, &c.; (the more com. form circulate (a rumour); to unfold, unfurl (a sail,
is kaa). flag, &c.); to give the reins to, give free scope
H a, s.f. The measure of a field to, indulge in (pleasure, e.g. maz un); to
originally established in a lease or grant to knock off, cut off (the head); to strike out, wipe
which the occupant appeals in preference to an out, efface, obliterate; to put away from, cast to
actual measurement or adjustment. the winds, disregard (advice, &c.); to get rid of,
H as (abst. subst. from ; send away, dismiss; to hurl or throw down (in
wrestling); to knock over, send flying; to take
cf. mhs, from mh), s.f. Scantiness (of
off, copy, mimic; to play upon, deceive, cheat,
room), confinedness, narrowness, closeness.
befool, gammon:un-puna, v.t. To
H uk [, rt. of +k = S. squander, &c.=un:u-den (=un, but
aff. ka], adj. Capable of flying; fledged; flier. generally intensive, e.g.), To carry off or away;
H -go (go, cf. k), to drive or frighten away; to give or cast to the
s.m. Rubbish, sweepings, refuse. winds; to wipe clean out, completely efface; to
blow away; to blow down; to blow up, cause to
H un [S. +], s.f. The act of blaze up; to explode (a mine); to get rid of,
flying; flight:un-jhall, s.m. A boys' game dismiss, &c.:u-kar le-aln, u le-jn,
(resembling our 'ring-taw,' but played with v.t. To make off with, run away with, carry off;
cowries instead of marbles: syn. jhall-mr): to kidnap; to entice away:u-mrn, v.t. To
un-h (h = S. , 'presto!' or is onomat.), carry off, plunder, steal, rob.
s.m. Flying away; disappearing; instantaneous H an, aan (Onomat.
flight:un-h hon or ho-jn, v.n. To fly cf. arrn, and arere), v.n. To make a loud and
away; to disappear, vanish, be non est:un- continued noise or sound; to lament aloud; to
gh`, s.f. Trickery, deception, trick, ruse, cry, shriek, scream; to make a noise
stratagem; evasion, shuffling:un-gh` (=illn):ay al-n (-me), To come
batn or bat-den, v.t. To deceive, trick, rushing in; to thrust onself in, force one's
gammon; to evade, shuffle:un hon (-se), way:a-ke, adv. With a noise, crash, roar,
To fly (from), be averse (to), sick (of), tired or din; tumultuously; impetuously.
(of). H an (fr. an, or ae-n), s.f.
H an (caus. of an), v.t. To A parasol, umbrella; a large fan (local ayn).
cause to stop; to bar progress, bring to a stand- H u` [u, rt. of un+ = S.
still; to obstruct, impede, check; to ram, thrust,
shove, push (against, -se, or into, -me); to stop aff. ], s.m. Extravagant person, spendthrift,
up, plug, cork; to jam or fasten (one thing to prodigal:u`-kh` (kh` from khn)
another); to use pressure or force, to force, = u`.
compel; to suspend, put off, postpone:a- H aw-taaw (redupl.
den (=an, but generally intensive, e.g.), to
of a, v.n. of awan = an), s.m.
ram down tight, to ram home, jam close, block
Taunts, jeers; inuendoes; insults:aw-
up, &c.; to put off, give up, abandon:a-kar,
adv. By force. taw mrn, To taunt, jeer at, ridicule, &c.
H an, s.m. Support, prop, pillar, H a` = ah` q.v.
buttress (=a, q.v.);a mode in music; a H a-ba, = H a-
certain rgin (=ahn, or ahn, q.v.). ba-ang, v.s.v. a.
H un (caus. of un, v.t. To H a-ba-ang, =
cause to fly; to fly, let fly; to throw or toss up H a-ba, v.s.v. a.
(as a pigeon, or a coin); to set free, uncage; to
cause to move rapidly or swiftly, to drive hard H -band, -bandh, a-band,
(a horse, &c.); to fly away with; to run or make v.s.v. .
off with; to make away with, to rob, plunder, H a-bang [a+bang =
despoil of; to ravish; to cause to vanish or
disappear; to squander, dissipate, waste; to put S. +], adj. Crooked, uneven;s.m.
out of sight, hide, conceal (from, -se, as a Obstruction; bar, obstacle, impediment:
secret, &c.); to use, apply, or handle abang lagn or lag-den(-me), To place

86
an obstacle, &c. (in the way of), to obstruct, to tuck in, tuck up, fold in; to stuff in, to poke
impede. in, plug:uas-den,uas-len = uasn.
H uup, uap [S. ], s.m. Raft; H P u-fta (u = rt.
float; the moon (the half-moon being formed of un+fat, q.v.), s.m. Fool, simpleton.
like a boat). (Peculiar to the Dakkhan.)
H aap- H ak [a = S. ], s.m. Lit. 'Half
jhaap (jhaap = jhapa, q.v.), s.f. Scramble, a ruk'; a small brass coin of the value of
scrimmage, scuffle, tussle; scramble for means ten ks, or the eighth part of a Madras fanam.
of living; need, necessity:aap-jhaap me (Peculiar to Southern India).
hon, To be in a state of penury and want, to be H A a-kasb, v.s.v. a.
hard up.
H uga [S. +], s.m. pl. The
H at = hat, q.v.
stars; the starry firmament.
H ut (perf. part. of un), part.
H -go, s.m. Rubbish, &c.
adj. (f. -), Flying; on the wing:ut-purt
(=-go); transactions, dealings; account.
abar, s.f. Flying report; rumour:ut iy
pahnn, lit. 'To know a bird on the wing'; H uan [S. +], adj. Flying;
(prov.) to know a rook when he is seen. raging, spreading, &c. (used in comp.):uan-
H atals [S. ], anr, s.m. A kind of firework; a kind of
rocket:uan-bmr, s.f. An infectious or
adj. Thirty-eight.
contagious disease; epidemic:uan-khaol,
H atal [ + S. +], s.m. s.m. The flying car of fairy tales which moves
Shelter, defence, protection; screen, covert; through the air at the will of the rider; a small
shade, shadow; veil, mask; pretence, pretext: ornamental rocking bed for children; a rough
atal pakan (-k), To seek or seize the litter, a bier (of the kind used by Hinds).
shelter (of); to hide or screen oneself (behind); H an [+], v.n. To come to a
to shelter oneself under a false excuse; to make
stop or stand-still, to stop, to stick; to be restive;
a pretence (of), to pretend.
obstructive, &c., to oppose; wrangle, contend;
H tiy, s.m.= haty, q.v. to be obstinate, to gib (as a horse); to intervene,
H ats [S. ], adj. Thirty- interpose, interfere (in, -me); to come into
eight. collision, become interlocked (as the wheels of
vehicles); to knock or jostle (against); to stick
H ah, = (at), insist (upon, -par); to be determined or
H ahiy, s.m.= hatiy, bent (on); to be in pawn; to catch (at, -par), carp
q.v. (at):a-baihn, a-ke baihn, To stick, or
H ahiy, = sit, close (to); to plant oneself before a person's
door in order to exact compliance with a
H ah, s.m.= hatiy, q.v. demand; to beset importunately:a-jn,
H uad (= urd or urad), s.m. A kind v.n.=a n:a-den (-par), To lay, bet, stake
(upon):a-ke, adv. Close to; jammed up.
of pulse, Dolichos pilosus:uad pah-kar
mrn, v.t. To throw uad (at one) after H n (caus. of an; cf. an), v.t.
pronouncing an incantation over it; to cast a To stop; to support, prop; to shelter, protect.
spell over; to enchant, exorcise:uad pai H un [u = Prk. ()
safaid, adv. (As much as) the white spot
or ()=S. (), rt. +], v.n. To fly,
on uad, the least bit, the smallest particle.
fly up, soar; to take flight; to move or go
H u-aln, v.n. v.s.v. un.
rapidly or quickly, to go flying along; to
H adw = ardw, q.v. disappear, vanish; to be sprung; to explode (a
H aan, v.n.= an, q.v. mine); to spread, become current, be circulated
(a report or rumour); to make a show or display,
H uas [S. + ], s.m. A bug. cut a dash; give oneself airs; to be in full bloom,
H asa, s.f.= alsa, q.v. to flourish; to try one's pranks or tricks (with, -
se), to practise deceit or fraud (with); to be
H asah (=ahsah, q.v.), adj. dexterously or skilfully handled, &c. (an
Sixty-eight. instrument or tune):u-jn, v.n. (=un, but
H uasn [S. + ], v.t. To generally intensive, e.g.), to fly away; to run
stick in, infix, insert; to prick, pierce, penetrate; away, escape; to be wiped out, rubbed out,
effaced, obliterated; to be worn out; to be lost;

87
to be exhausted, spent; to disappear, vanish, to H aos-
be carried off, stolen; to be dissipated; to
paosi (see paos), s. com. gen. Neighbours.
escape, to evaporate (as scent, &c.); to become
faded or dim; to be ravished; lose one's senses; H h, s.f. A kind of fish. (Cf. aw).
to fly or rush (at, -par):u-aln, v.n. To walk H ahn, s.m. = ahn,
with a stately or affected gait, to strut (=itrn);
and an, q.v.
to grow vain or conceited (because of, or in, -
me):u-rahn, To be in a state of bloom, to H uhn (caus. of uhn,
flourish. or ohn), v.t. To cover; to put on a
H u-ngan [u, rt. of un + covering (as a cloak, shawl, &c.); to clothe,
dress; to help to dress.
S. ], s.f. A flying serpent; a dragon;
H ah` [Prk. =S.
(Met.) A she dragon, a woman in a violent
passion. ], adj. Two and a half; two and a half times
H aang [S. ], s.m. A market, (e.g. ah` sau, two and a half times 100, or
100X2);s.f. A full galop.
mart (=man); a factory, place where goods of
any kind are manufactured, a manufacturing H ahy, s.m. Weeds; tares; oats.
town; a warehouse where goods are sold H hat, ahat [S. ?], s.f.
wholesale. Agency, mercantile correspondence; the
H aang [a or +S. ], s.m. business of weighing, selling, or holding in
Obstruction; obstacle, impediment; prop, charge the merchandise of dealers; also the
support, buttress;entangling the legs so as to remuneration for this service or agency; sale by
trip (in wrestling); tripping or giving a cross- commission; commission; brokerage.
buttock (in wrestling):aange-par H aha = arhar, q.v.
ahn or ah-len (-ko), To have an
H uhakn [S. + ], v.n. To
adversary in such a position (in wrestling) that
it is easy to throw him; to have on the hip, have overturn, tilt over, upset.
an advantage over; to bring under one's thumb; H uhak, =
to trick, circumvent:aange-pe mrn, or de- H uhkan, (v.n. fr. uhakn,
mrn, To throw one by tripping, or across the
q.v.) s.f. Turning over, upsetting, tilting over:
hip:aang lagn or lag-den (-me), To
place an obstacle (in the way of), to hinder, uhak-par, adv. Abroach, atilt.
impede; to place a prop (under), to prop up, H uhkan, =
support:aang mrna, aang lagn, v.t. H uhak, (v.n. fr. uhakn, q.v.)
To trip up. s.f. Turning over, upsetting, tilting over:
H aang-taang, s.f. uhak-par, adv. Abroach, atilt.
Nonsensical talk, gibberish; folly (=a-ba): H uhak (see kuh), s.f. Wailing,
aang-taang bakn, v.n. To talk nonsense, to pining or crying for:uhak karn, v.n. To cry
prate; to rave. for an absent person. (Applied to a child only.)
H s.m. A peach, Prunus domestica. H uhn, v.t.= ohn, q.v.
H ar`, auw [a, rt. of an+` = H uhangan,
S. aff. ], adj. Obstinate, perverse, mulish; s.m.= uhangan, and uhkan, qq.v.
gibbing (horse); s.m. An obstinate person; a H ahwal, s.m. A day-labourer.
gibbing horse, a gibber.
H uhaun (caus.
H aw, s.m. Prop, support;
of ohna = uhn), s.m. Covering; clothing
buttress (=); obstacle.
(=ohn).
H awr, s.f. A species of
H uhkan (from uhakn, q.v.),
mullet, the Indian mullet.
s.m. Anything placed under a vessel to tilt it up,
H
as, s.m. A medicinal plant, or to support it; prop; scotch.
Malabar nut, Justicia H ahaiy (from ah`), s.f. A
adhenatoda and ganderussa.
weight or measure of two and a half seers; the
H aos-pos [pes = multiplication table or pahr of 2 times.
S. , redupl.], s.m. Neighbourhood; H a (see a, part. adj.), s.f.
vicinity;adv. Near; around; about. Difficulty, hardship, trouble; need, poverty,

88
distress, adversity, misfortune; exigency, the circumstances:az-sar-t-p, adv. From
critical situation:a-bhir, s.f.=a:a- head to foot; totally, altogether, entirely,
dha, s.f. Difficulties, troubles, cares, concerns, throughout; completely, perfectly:az-sar-i-
responsibilities; whatever betides; misfortunes, nau, adv. Anew, afresh, over again, de novo:
afflictions. az-taraf, adv. On the side (of); on the part (of);
H aa`, s.f. A goad, &c.= ara`, in behalf (of), in favour (of); from:az-k-az,
adv. Precisely, exactly, just the thing, neither
q.v.
more nor less (=jo k to):az-n, adv. From
H , s.m. Protector, supporter; this; hence, therefore.
backer; partner; one of a side (in a game). H z [Pehl. j, Zend zi, rt. az, 'to long'], s.f.
H , s.f.= r (dim. of r), q.v. Ardent desire, lust, cupidity, greed, avarice,
covetousness.
H , s.f. A kind of musical mode; a P zd [for zda = Zend zta,
tune (cf. an). i.e. +zta = S. jta], part. adj. Free, unfettered,
H ae-n, = H unrestrained, uncontrolled; liberated,
discharged, set free, ransomed, emancipated;
e-n, see ae, s.v. a. free born; free from care, at ease, light-
H e-n, = H hearted;s.m. A freeman; freedman; a faqr or
Mohammadan devotee who shaves his beard
ae-n, see ae, s.v. a.
and eye-lashes and vows chastity, but considers
H ayal [rt. a of an+S. aff. ], himself exempt from all the ceremonial
adj. Obstinate, perverse, headstrong, mulish; observances of religion; a free-thinker:zd
gibbing (horse) a gibber. karn or kar-den, v.t. To set free or at liberty;
H aai, ae [a+ai, rt. to free, deliver, release, liberate; to manumit,
emancipate; to absolve; to dismiss; to
of ainn, q.v.], s.f. Perverseness; crookedness; extricate:zd-k so, s.m.
obstacle; objection; dislike, antipathy, The zd's or faqr's staff; (Met.) An impudent
repugnance, prejudice; hostility, enmity: or shameless person:zd hon, v.n. To be
ae rakhn (-se), To have dislike (for), to be free, unfettered, independent, &c.; to be set at
prejudiced (against); to bear enmity (to), have a liberty, to gain or obtain (one's) freedom, &c.;
grudge (against):aen nikln (-me), To to be discharged or released (from); to escape;
raise objection (to), throw obstacles (in the to break prison; to throw off the yoke; to be free
way); to find fault (with). from care; to be unconcerned or indifferent; to
H aew, s.f. Wealth; property; hold cheap or in contempt.
effects. P zdagn (pl. of zaa), s.m. Those
H az [Pehl. aj, Zend haa, S. ], prep. who are free from worldly cares; religious men,
&c. (See zd.)
From; of; by; with; out of;conj. Than:az- P zdag, zdg, =
n, adv. Thence, therefore:az-n-j-ki, adv. P zd (and azd), s.f. Freedom; release,
For as much as:az-n-jumla, adv. Of that deliverance, liberation, discharge;
number; out of the whole; out of, from manumission, emancipation; freedom of actio,
among:az-bar, adv. By rote, by heart, from liberty, independence; conduct, life or practice
memory:az-bar`e, az-bahre, prep. On of an zd or devotee.
account of, for the sake of:az-bas, adv. From P zd (and azd), =
the abundance; sufficiently; very, extremely, P zdag, zdg, s.f. Freedom; release,
excessively; notwithstanding, although:az- deliverance, liberation, discharge;
bas-ki, adv. Inasmuch as; extremely, &c.=az- manumission, emancipation; freedom of actio,
bas, q.v.:az-jnib, adv. On the side (of); on liberty, independence; conduct, life or practice
the part (of); in behalf, for; from; by:az-add, of an zd or devotee.
adj. & adv. Indefinite, boundless, unlimited; P zda, part. adj. Free; noble, &c.=zd,
infinite, immeasureable; unapproachable; q.v.
beyond expression;very, exceedingly, P zr (see next), s.m. Sickness, disorder,
extremely, infinitely; highly, strongly, disease, infirmity; trouble, affliction; injury,
deeply:az-ud, adv. Of one's own accord, of outrage:zr-dih, adj. & s.m. Vexatious,
himself; of itself; voluntarily; spontaneously: troublesome, &c.:one who gives trouble,
az-ud-rafta, adj. Out of one's mind, beside &c.:zr-dih, s.f. Vexatiousness,
oneself; distracted:az-rh, adv. By the way troublesomeness, &c.:zr den (-ko), To
(of):az-r`e, adv. From the face or vex, trouble, torment, inflict pain, to pain; to
appearance of; by reason of, in consequence of, molest; to persecute; to hurt, injure.
according to; by way of; by means of; by; under

89
P zr [rt. of zrdan; + rt. Zend, zar; Sadness, dejection; displeasure, &c.:zurda
S. har], part. act. Vexing, troubling, afflicting, karn, v.t. To vex, annoy, displease, offend; to
&c. (used in comp., e.g. dil-zr, 'afflicting or afflict; to grieve.
paining the heart'). A azraq, adj. Cerulean, blue, azure
P izr, s.f. Drawers, trousers (syn. p`e- (see arzaq); blue-eyed; pure, limpid; beryl.
jma):izr-band, s.m. The string with which P zarm, s.f.(?) Modesty; mildness.
drawers re tied, trouser-strings:izr-band-pe H azuqa = aqa, q.v.
hth ln (-ke), To lay hands on the trouser- P uzak-tuzak, s.m. (f.?), Pomp,
strings; to evince desire for, or to contemplate, splendour; glitter; the habits or fashions of a
carnal intercourse:izr-band ln (-me), king; the king's seal.
To run the string into drawers:izr-band-k A azal, s.f. Eternity without beginning (opp.
hl, adj. m. (f. -k hl), Ready for carnal to abad, q.v.); existence from eternity;
intercourse, libidinous, lecherous, wanton, of beginning, source, origin.
easy virtue (a woman);s.m. A rake, A azal, adj. Eternal without beginning;
debauchee;izr-band-k hl, s.f. A woman from all eternity.
of easy virtue, an unchaste woman:izr-band A azalyat, s.f. Existence from eternity.
rishta, s.m. Connection through a wife or P zm (from zmdan, 'to test,'
mistress; petticoat interest:izr-me see zmda), part. act. Trying, trial (used in
pahinn orpahin-len (-ko), To treat with levity, comp.).
to disregard, feel no care or concern (for); to be A azmn, s.m. pl. (of zaman), Times,
fearless (of), indifferent (to,used by women). seasons.
P zr, adj. & s.m.f. Sick; troubled, H zmna, azmn (fr. zm, rt. of
afflicted; a sick person, a patient. P. zmdan), v.t. To try, prove, test, essay,
A izla [inf. n. iv of for ' to depart,' examine; to try conclusions with.
&c.], s.m. Removing; annulling; taking away; P zm`, = P zm`ish, (abst. s.
removal; abolition; (in Gram.) elision of a letter from zm, q.v.), s.f. Trial, test, proof, essay,
or of a vowel point from a word:izla-i- examination; experiment:zm`ish karn, v.t.
amn, s.m. Forfeiture:izla-i-bikr, s.m. To try, &c.=zmn, q.v.:zm`ish-me n,
Depriving of virginity, deflowering:izla-i- v.n. To be put to proof or to the test; to be
bikr karn, v.t. To deprive of virginity, to experienced.
deflower; to commit a rape:izla-i-aisiyat-i- P zm`ish, = P zm`, (abst. s.
`urf, s.m. Robbing of one's good name, from zm, q.v.), s.f. Trial, test, proof, essay,
defamation:izla karn, v.t. To remove, examination; experiment:zm`ish karn, v.t.
annul, abolish, take away, deprive; to put away. To try, &c.=zmn, q.v.:zm`ish-me n,
A izdim [inf. n. viii of ' to push or v.n. To be put to proof or to the test; to be
press against'], s.m. Concourse, crowd, throng, experienced.
pressing or rushing together of people. P zmand, adj. Covetous, avaricious
P azdar, adj. Worthy; becoming, fit, (see z).
proper, suitable. A azmina, s.m. pl. (of zamn), Times,
P azdar = azhdar, q.v. seasons (=azmn).
P azdar, s.f. Worthiness, fitness. P zmdag (abst. s. from next, q.v.),
A izdiwj [inf. n. viii of for ' to s.f.= zm`ish, q.v.
pair or couple'], s.m. Marriage; wedding. P zmda [perf. part.
A izdiyd [inf. n. viii of for ' to of zmdn;=+zi+rt. Zend m = S. ], part.
increase'], s.m, Increase, augmentation, adj. Tried, tested, proved, examined;
addition. experienced:zmda-kr, adj. & s.m.
A zar, prop. n. The name of Abraham's Experienced (in business, or in deeds of high
father (com. but incor. written ar, q.v.). emprise), practised, skilled; clever;an
P zardag, vulg. azurdag (abst. s. fr. experienced person; a veteran; a proficient:
next, q.v.), s.f. Lispleasure, vexation, zmda len (-k), To make trial of, to try,
annoyance; grief, sorrow; dissatisfaction; ill- &c.=zmn.
humour; chagrin. A azwj, s.f. pl. (of zauj), Partners,
P zarda, vulg. zurda (perf. part. spouses, wives.
of zardan; +rt. Zend zar = S. har], part. adj. H z-bz (redupl. of bz,
Afflicted (by, -se), sad, dispirited, sorrowful;
vexed (with, -se), displeased, dissatisfied; q.v.)=j-bj, q.v.
weary (of, -se):zurda-tir, zurda-dil, H azqa = aqa, q.v.
adj. Grieved in heart, troubled in mind; sad, P azhdar, = P azhdarh, =
dejected; offended, vexed, displeased; P azhdah, [azh = Pehl. aj, Zend azhi,
dissatisfied; disgusted:zurda-tir, s.f. S. ahi, 'dragon,' 'serpent'; dah = Pehl. dahk,

90
Zend dahka, 'destructive'; rt.dah = S. ], the reason that, because, for; forasmuch as:is
waqt, adv. Now, at present, just now; instantly,
s.m. A large serpent, python, boa constrictor
immediately, forthwith (=is waqt):is-h, is-
(=ajgar); a dragon.
(intens. of is), This very, &c.:is-h dam, is
P azhdarh, = P azhdar, =
dam, is waqt, adv. This very instant, instantly,
P azhdah, [azh = Pehl. aj, Zend azhi,
forthwith.
S. ahi, 'dragon,' 'serpent'; dah = Pehl. dahk,
H us [S. , gen. sing. neut., base ],
Zend dahka, 'destructive'; rt.dah = S. ],
The Formative sing., or the base of the obl.
s.m. A large serpent, python, boa constrictor
cases sing., of the remote demonstr.
(=ajgar); a dragon.
P azhdah, = P azhdar, = pron. woh, 'that':us pr, adv. That bank, the
P azhdarh, [azh = Pehl. aj, Zend azhi, further or other bank (of a river); the other
S. ahi, 'dragon,' 'serpent'; dah = Pehl. dahk, side:us-par, adv. On that, thereupon;
accordingly; on that account:us-par bh, adv.
Zend dahka, 'destructive'; rt.dah = S. ], On that even; for all that; still; nevertheless:
s.m. A large serpent, python, boa constrictor us dam, us dam, adv. That very moment,
(=ajgar); a dragon. instantly, forthwith:us-ke nm-se, Under his
P azhdht [=S. 'eight'+ 'metal'], name, to his address:us-ke nm-k, For his
s.m. Mixed metal, bell-metal. name's sake, for his sake:us-me, adv. On
P azhdht, adj. Of or relating to bell- that, meanwhile, in the meantime (for o her
metal, made of bell-metal. comp. v.s.v. is):us- (emphat.), That very,
H is [S. , gen. sing. neut., base ], that same:us-tara, adv. Free, gratis, for
nothing; without cause, reason or motive,
The Formative sing., or the base of the oblique gratuitously (=y or yo).
cases sing. of the prox. demonstr.
S asi, s.m. Sword, scimitar.
pron. yah, yeh, 'this':is baras, adv. This
year:is-pr, adv. This bank (of a river); this (Syn. khag):asi-patra, s.m. Blade of a
side:is pr-se us pr phek-den, or -karn, sword or scimitar; scabbard; a hell paved with
v.t. To put aside, put off, postpone for a long swords; a sugar-cane.
time:is-par, -pe, adv. Upon this, hereupon: S asu, s.m. Breath, life; the five vital
is-par bh, adv. Upon this even; for all this; breaths or airs of the body; reflection, thought,
still, yet, notwithstanding:is-talak, adv. To or the heart as the seat of it; affection; grief.
this extent or degree:is lat-me, adv. In H s, = H s, [S. ], s.f.
this case, under these circumstances; inasmuch
as:is add-ko, adv.=is martabe-tak, q.v.:is Wish, desire, longing; hope, expectation,
dam, adv. This instant, this moment; instantly, prospect; trust, reliance; hope or prospect of
at once, immediately (=is-h dam):is-sl, adv. offspring; children, offspring:s-
This year:is-se, adv. From this, hence; on this bharos = s:s-auld, s.f. Offspring,
account, therefore, wherefore; upon this, progeny:s purn, as pran karn or kar-
den (-k), To gratify (one's) desire or longing;
hereupon:is shart-se, adv. On this condition;
to fulfil the hope (of), answer the prayer (of):
provided (that):is rat-me, adv.=is lat-
s pjn, s prn, s pur hon (-k), To be
me, q.v.:is tara, is tara-se, is taur, is gratified (one's desire); to be fulfilled or
taur-se, adv. In this manner, in this wise, thus; realized (one's hope, expectation, &c.):s
for example:is `ibrat-se, adv. To this effect; tajn, s on or ho-den (-k), To give up,
after the style or manner following:is gara- abandon or relinquish hope:s takn or tak-
se, adv. With this motive or intent, with this rahn (-k), s lagn (-se), To look hopefully
view; to this end; to this effect:is qadr, adv. (to); to hope for or expect (from); to trust (to),
To this extent or degree:is kra, is-ke depend (upon):s n, s hn, v.n. To
kra, adv.=is wste, q.v.:is gha, adv. This lose hope, become despondent, to despond; to
moment, &c. (=is dam); this once, for this yield to despair:s rakhn, s karn (-k), To
time:is-liye, adv.=is-wste, q.v.:is murd- entertain or cherish hope (of); to hope; to
se, adv. With this object, &c. (=is gara-se, desire; to look to (for), to expect (from); to
q.v.):is martabe-tak, adv. To this limit, extent repose trust (in), place reliance (on); to feel
or degree; in so far as; in-so-much:is confidence or security; to presume:s-
mamn-se, is m`n-se, adv. In this sense; to wasan, adj. Without desire; naked:s hon,
this effect; with this intent:is-me, adv. In v.n. To have hope or trust, be hopeful; to look
this, herein; hereupon; meanwhile, in the for; to be expecting.
meantime (=itne-me); by the way:is H s, = H s, [S. ], s.f.
nimitt, is wste, adv. On this account; for this Wish, desire, longing; hope, expectation,
reason; hence, therefore:is wste-ki, conj. For

91
prospect; trust, reliance; hope or prospect of S asdhut, s.f. =
offspring; children, offspring:s-
bharos = s:s-auld, s.f. Offspring, S asdhutwa, s.m. Immorality,
progeny:s purn, as pran karn or kar- unrighteousness, wickedness. (See asdhpan.)
den (-k), To gratify (one's) desire or longing; H asdh, =
to fulfil the hope (of), answer the prayer (of):
s pjn, s prn, s pur hon (-k), To be S asdhya, adj. Unable,
gratified (one's desire); to be fulfilled or incapable; weak, feeble; confined to bed,
realized (one's hope, expectation, &c.):s dangerously ill; incurable; impracticable,
tajn, s on or ho-den (-k), To give up, impossible.
abandon or relinquish hope:s takn or tak- S asdhya, =
rahn (-k), s lagn (-se), To look hopefully
H asdh, adj. Unable, incapable;
(to); to hope for or expect (from); to trust (to),
depend (upon):s n, s hn, v.n. To weak, feeble; confined to bed, dangerously ill;
lose hope, become despondent, to despond; to incurable; impracticable, impossible.
yield to despair:s rakhn, s karn (-k), To S asr, adj. Sapless, pithless; hollow
entertain or cherish hope (of); to hope; to (as a reed); unsubstantial; unprofitable, vain;
desire; to look to (for), to expect (from); to weak of understanding, foolish, silly:s.m.
repose trust (in), place reliance (on); to feel Defect.
confidence or security; to presume:s- H usr [S. +, rt. +],
wasan, adj. Without desire; naked:s hon,
v.n. To have hope or trust, be hopeful; to look s.m. Any passage for egress, porch, portico,
for; to be expecting. peristyle, vestibule; verandah; shed.
P s (=Hind s; used in comp.), adj. S asrat, s.f. Want of solidity;
Like, resembling. vanity; unreality; unprofitableness;
P s (rt. of sdan), part. adj. (used in unenduringness; worthlessness.
comp.), Soothing, tranquillizing. S asrth, adj. Poor; insignificant.
A asb`, s.m. pl. (of usb`), Weeks. S asrthat, s.f. Poverty;
A astia, s.m. pl. (of ust), insignificance.
Teachers.
H usrn [S. , or +
H asth [S. +], adj. Addicted
to bad company. , rt. ], v.t. To remove, put out of place,
H asth [asth+ ], s.m. displace; to finish, complete; to finish
expeditiously.
Upstart; stranger, unknown person.
H ash, =
S asdriya, adj. Non-
resembling, unlike;s.m. Unsimilarity. H sh, [S. ], s.m. The third
H asdh [S. +], s.f. solar month among the Hinds (June-July),
during which the sun is in Gemini. It is the first
Incurable (chronic) complaint, mortal disease, month of the rainy season, and consequently of
fatal illness. cultivation.
H asdh [S. +], adj. H sh, =
Immoral, unrighteous, wicked, evil-minded;
thievish. H ash, [S. ], s.m. The third
H asdh [S. +], adj. Without solar month among the Hinds (June-July),
during which the sun is in Gemini. It is the first
desire or energy; apathetic, listless; lazy. month of the rainy season, and consequently of
H asdhpan [S. ++], cultivation.
s.m. Wickedness, evil-mindedness; H ash, s.f. Day of the full
thievishness.
moon in ash (used for the rab` or spring
H asdhpan [S. ++], harvest); the harvest of ash.
s.m. Lack of energy; apathy, listlessness; A ass, s.f. Foundation; pedestal.
laziness. H uss [S. + , rt. ], s.m.
S asdhutwa, s.m. = Breath; breathing, respiration; sigh; groan.
S asdhut, s.f. Immorality, H ussn, v.n. To breathe,
unrighteousness, wickedness. (See asdhpan.) respire, to live, have existence.

92
H as`at [ priv.+A. ], s.f. account of the asms; singly, separately; in
detail:asm yft-k (or yft-k asm), s.f.
An unlucky moment.
Lucrative appointment; an office in which
S asksht, adj. & adv. Not perquisites or bribes are to be had.
manifest, invisible, imperceptible;not openly H asm, adj. & s.m. Of or
or manifestly; not in the presence of; invisibly,
pertaining to Assam; a native of Assam, an
unperceived; in the absence of.
Assamese.
S asksh, adj. & s.m. Of P sn, vulg. asn (fr. s, rt. of sdan;
inadmissible evidence or testimony;false see sda), adj. Easy, facile; smooth; light;
witness; one whose evidence or testimony is feasible; manageable; convenient, commodious;
inadmissible. unencumbered, disencumbered (affair):sn
S askshya, = karn, v.t. To render easy; to facilitate,
expedite, smooth, lighten; to clear away,
H askh, adj. Without credit or disencumber, free (from), disentangle:sn
reputation;s.m. Want of evidence or hon(-par), To be easy (to or for); to be
testimony. practicable.
H askh, = H usn [S. +, rt. ], v.t.
S askshya, adj. Without credit To separate the husk or chaff from corn (usually
or reputation;s.m. Want of evidence or done by driving or blowing it away with a fan),
testimony. to winnow; to sift; to pour off or away
(=usevn, q.v.).
H askh, adj. & s.m.
H usnn [S. +, rt. ], v.t.
= asksh, q.v.
To cause to boil; to boil. (Cf. ushannapp. fr.
H sm, prop. n. Name of a
rt. ushand usann, of which usnn may be
province, Assam. the caus.)
S asmnya, adj. Not H as, adj.= asa. q.v.
common, not usual; specific, particular,
H uss, s.m.= uss, q.v.
peculiar.
P sn, vulg. asn, s.f. Ease, facility;
S asmarth, adj. Powerless,
easiness; smoothness; practicableness,
weak, feeble, helpless, unable; unfit, feasibility; convenience, commodiousness:
incompetent, incapable:asmarth-wn, s.f. asn-se, adv. With ease, easily, without
Poverty, adversity. difficulty (=ba-asn).
A asm, and com. but S asvadhn, adj. Careless,
incor. sm, [pl. of asm, the pl. inadvertent, inattentive, negligent.
of ism; or rel. adj. from asm, pl. of asm,
S asvadhnat, s.f.
'names'], s.f. pl. Names; souls; people,
population; community;s.f. sing. Name (on a Carelessness, inattention, negligence.
muster-roll); office, situation, appointment, S asvadhn, s.m. A
post, employment; woman of ill-fame, harlot; careless or negligent person.
s.m.f. sing. Person, individual; party; H aswar, and swar, s.f.
substitute; employe, servant; friend, lover;
customer, purchaser; client; inhabitant; tenant; Name of a rgin or musical mode; a kind of
cultivator; defendant (in a law-suit); debtor; tune;a kind of pigeon;a kind of silken and
culprit; witness:asm bann (-ko), To take silver cloth.
in, make a fool of, to gull, cheat, &c.:asm T iswal, s.m. A poursuivant.
ph, asm kasht, Non-resident cultivator: H aswant [S. +], adj.
asm jam`band, s.f. Settlement with Timid, fearful; unquiet; pitiful.
individual cultivators:asm-i-happar-band, H s-vant [S. + ], adj.
s.m.f. A resident cultivator:asm-i-shikm,
Hopeful, expectant; dependent.
s.m.f. Sub-tenant; subordinate cultivator:
asm-i-gair-mustaqil, s.m.f. Tenant-at-will; S ashas, s.m. Want of bravery,
officiating appointment:asm-i-gair- cowardice, fear.
maurs, s.m.f. Non-hereditary tenant:asmi- S ashas, adj. & s.m.
i-mustaqil, s.m.f. Tenant with right of Cowardly, spiritless, chicken-hearted, tame;a
occupancy:asm-i-maurs, s.m.f. coward.
Hereditary cultivator:asm-wr, According
to, or including all the names; giving a detailed

93
P s`ish (abst. s. from s, rt. of sdan), S asparanya, part. adj. Not
s.f. Ease, rest, repose, quiet, tranquillity;
to be touched; literally or ceremonially impure.
convenience, comfort; indulgence, enjoyment.
A asbb (pl. of sabab), s.m. pl. H aspar [S. ,
Causes, motives, means; resources;s.m. sing. the a being redundant], adj. Tangible,
Implements, tools, instruments, apparatus, palpable.
materials; goods, chattels, effects, property;
furniture; articles, things; commodities, S aspar, adj. & s.m. Intangible,
appliances, machinery; stores, provision; funds; impalpable;anything intangible.
necessaries; baggage, luggage; cargo:asbb- S aspriya, part.
i-pesha, s.m. Implements of trade:asbb-i- adj.=asparanya, q.v.
jang, asbb-i-arb, s.m. Military stores,
H isparml [S. +],
warlike provisions or necessaries, munitions of
war, arms and ammunition:asbb-na- s.m. The plant Indian birthwort, Aristolochia
dr, s.m. Household furniture:asbb-i- Indica. (It is said to be a valuable antidote to
zir`at, s.m. Agricultural implements:asbb- snake-bites, being applied both externally and
i-safar, s.m. Travelling requisites; luggage or internally:also written iar-ml, isar-
provisions for a journey. mel, asarmel, asar-vel).
A asbt, s.m. pl. (of sibt), Tribes H isprih [S. , the a being red.
(especially of Israel). in Hind], s.f. Desire, wish, inclination.
P isbagol, isabgol = ispagol, q.v.S aspash, adj. Indistinct;
A asbaq, adj. compar. & superl.
unintelligible.
(from ' to outstrip'), More excellent; most
P aspagol, ispagol, isapgol [ asp +
excellent; surpassing;s.m. Past times, days of
yore. gol], s.m. Lit. 'Horse's ear'; seed of the
P isband = ispand, q.v. fleawort or plaintain, Plantago ispaghul. (The
A usb`, s.m. A week. leaf of the plant is, in shape, somewhat like a
horse's earwhence the name).
H asubh [S. +], adj. P aspak (dim. of asp, q.v.), s.f. 'A little
Unfavourable, inauspicious, unlucky, bad. horse'; bridge of a musical instrument.
S asabhya, adj. Unfit for society, P ispand, s.m. Herb of grace; seed of wild
uncivilized, barbarous, rude, vulgar, low, rue; seed of the mehd or Lawsonia inermis; a
disreputable. species of mustard seed (the seed is burnt at
marriages and births to drive away evil spirits,
S asabhyat, s.f. Rudeness,
or to avert the mischievous effects of evil
unpoliteness, barbarity. eyes:also written sipand); syn. kl dn).
P asp [Pehl. ap, ab; Zend apa; S. ], P aspa (rel. adj. from asp), adj. Of or
s.m. Horse; the knight (at chess):asp-i- belonging to a horse.
pln, s.m. A pack-horse. S asat, adj. Untrue, unreal,
H ispt [Port. espada], s.m. Steel unfounded, false; fictitious, not genuine,
(syn. fauld). counterfeit, delusive, deceptive, illusory;
unholy, ungodly, irreligious, impious, unjust,
H s-ps [redupl. of ps =
unfair:asat bhkn, asat phkn, To tell
S. ] , s.m. Vicinity, neighbourhood, lies; to fabricate, to invent:asat karn, v.t. To
proximity; neighbours; companions;adv. & commit an injustice; to do wrong, evil, &c.
postpos. Around, about, on every side; in the S ast, s.m. Setting (of the sun or other
vicinity (of -ke); near, hard by (syn. ird-gird): luminary);the West:ast hon, v.n. To set
s-ps-k, adj. (f. -), Adjacent, adjoining, (the sun, &c.); to decline, sink, go down; to
neighbouring; living or being near. disappear, vanish:astal (asta+aala), s.m.
S spad, s.m. Place, situation; The Western mountain behind which the sun is
footing; dignity, rank. supposed to set.
H aspars, s.m.= aspar, q.v. S asit, adj. Black;s.m. The colour
H aspars, adj.= aspar, black, the dark half of the month from full to
new moon.
q.v.
S satti, s.f. Intimate union,
S aspar, s.m. The state of a
connection; juxtaposition; (in Gram.) general
Hind after bathing, previous to worship or
harmony in a sentence (grammatically or
eating, during which it is unlawful for him to
otherwise).
touch any one. (See next.)

94
H ust (perhaps for ustd), s.m. A A istibdd [inf. n. x of ' to remove or
withdraw with'], s.m. Absolute dominion,
barber (respectfully used for n`).
despotism; insisting upon a thing being done.
P istd [v.n. of istdan, 'to
S astabdha, adj. Not firm, not
stand'=Pehl. osttan, from Z. st = S. ],
self-possessed, unsteady.
part. adj.= istda, q.v.
P ustd [old P. vtt; Pehl. ott; S astabdhatwa, s.m.
Zend aiwisti, rt. t = S. sth+abhi], s.m. A Unsteadiness, want of self-possession.
master; craftsmaster, skilful man, adept, expert; A istibr [inf. n. x of ' to become clear
preceptor, tutor, teacher; professor; clever or free of'], s.m. Cleansing; washing one's
rogue, sharper; tutor of a dancing girl, hands (of a business); desiring to be freed (from
musician;adj. Expert, proficient, skilful, a business); the waiting of a woman for a
clever:ustd hon, To become or make onself certain time (three months according to
master (of), to master, be or becom proficient Mohammadan law) after being divorced from
(in). her husband, to ascertain whether she is
P istdag (abst. subst. from istda, q.v.), pregnant or not, before she can contract another
s.f. Standing, stand, stop, stay, erection; marriage.
firmness, resistance. A istabraq (P. sitabra, Arabicised),
P istda (perf. part. of istdan, 'to stand'; s.m. Thick silk brocade interwoven with gold;
see istd), part. adj. Erected, set up; standing; silk or satin (particularly green) the colour of
erect;s.m. Pole, ensign-staff; stay, support, which seems to change agreeably to the light in
prop (especially) a prop for supporting the door which it is seen.
of a tent, or a canopy. H astabyast,
P ustd, s.f. Teaching, instruction; adj.= astavyast, q.v.
mastery, preminence, skill, excellence or skill
in any craft or profession, expertness, dexterity, H astut [S. ], s.f. Praise,
genius; finesse; strategy; master-stroke; eulogy, commendation, celebration,
subtlety, cunning, artfulness:adj. Masterly, glorification, adoration, worship, invocation,
skilful (as workmanship), &c. prayer; hymn, anthem:astut karn(-k), To
A ust = ustd, of which it is the praise, bless, glorify, invoke, hymn the praise
Arabicised form. (of).
A istr, s.m. A weight of four and a S astuti, and H. astut, s.f.
half misqls or six and a half drachms. Absence of applause; dispraise.
P istmbol (), prop. n. The A istitr [inf. n. viii of ' to hide'], s.m.
city of Constantinople (also Act of concealing; concealment.
written istmbol). A istisql [inf. n. x of ' to be heavy'],
P stn, = s.m. Heaviness; trouble; importunity.
P stna, astna, [+Pehl. stn, A istisn [inf. n. x of ' to double or
Zend stna, S. ] s.m. Threshold; door, fold'], s.m. Exception, exclusion, setting aside,
entrance; entrance to a shrine; abode of distinction; rejection.
a faqr or holy man:stn-bos, s.m. Lit. A P istisn`, adj. Exceptional.
'Kissing of the threshold'; one who pays a visit A istijbat [inf. n. x of ' to rend,'
to a superior:stn- (stna-) bos, s.f. &c.], s.f. Answering, accepting; hearing or
Kissing the threshold; paying respects: answering prayer, receiving a petition.
stna-bos karn, To pay (one's) respects; to A istijzat [inf. n. x of ' to be
make obeisance. allowable'], s.f. Asking leave, begging
P stna, astna, = permission.
P stn, [+Pehl. stn, Zend stna, A istea [inf. n. x of ' to
S. ] s.m. Threshold; door, entrance; menstruate'], s.m. Immoderate flux of the
menses; menstrual discharge at an undue period
entrance to a shrine; abode of a faqr or holy
or time.
man:stn-bos, s.m. Lit. 'Kissing of the
threshold'; one who pays a visit to a superior: A istela [inf. n. x of ' to be altered
stn- (stna-) bos, s.f. Kissing the threshold; or changed'], s.m. Change of state, undergoing a
paying respects:stna-bos karn, To pay change; becoming, or deeming, absurd,
(one's) respects; to make obeisance. inconsistent, unreal or impossible.
P H ustn [ustd+n = S. A istebb [inf. n. x of ' to be loved'],
s.m. Contracting friendship;an action the
aff. or ], s.f. Schoolmistress, performance of which is meritorious and the
preceptress, teacher (of reading, writing and omission not criminal; work of supererogation.
embroidery).

95
A istesn [inf. n. x of ' to be good,' A istirj [inf. n. x of ' to go out or
&c.], s.m. Approving, praising; taking or forth'], s.m. Causing to go or come out,
regarding as a favour. expulsion, banishment; rejection; taking out,
A ister [inf. n. x of ' to become drawing forth, extraction.
present'], s.m. Calling, citing to appear, A istiff [inf. n. x of ' to be light'],
summoning before. s.m. Holding in slight esteem, making light of,
A isteqr [inf. n. x of ' to be despising; indignity.
contemptible,' &c.], s.m. Treating with A istil [inf. n. x of ' to be
contempt, despising, scorning, vilifying. clear'], s.m. Seeking to liberate; liberation,
A isteqq [inf. n. x of ' to be or release; liberty, freedom.
become just, right,' &c.], s.m. Demanding as a P ustun [Pehl. ata+khvn; ata,
right or due, demanding justice; claim, demand, Zend ata or ati = S. ), s.m. Bone;
right, due, title; merit; ability:isteqq-i-
bones:ustun-band, s.m. Splint or fillet
i`da-i-wirsat, Reversionary title:isteqq-
for tying up a broken bone:ustun-band,
i-infikk-i-rahn, Equity of redemption of a
s.f. Tying up a broken bone with a splint or
mortgage:isteqq-i-tarika, Right of fillet.
inheritance or succession:isteqq-i-tarika A istidmat [inf. n. x of ' to continue
bil wayat, Title to intestate property: or last'], s.f. Seeking or desiring permanence;
isteqq-i-tash -i-jama`, Right of wishing to be quiet, steady, &c.; acting with
assessment:isteqq-i-taqdm-i-ardr, deliberation; assiduity.
Right of premption:isteqq-i-ifzat-i- A istidnat [inf. n. x of ' to borrow'],
d-itiyr, Right of self-defence: s.f. Contracting a debt, borrowing; demanding
isteqq-i-n-i-ayt, Life interest: payment of a debt, suing for a debt; limited
isteqq-i-d`im, Perpetual right, permanent liability (of a partner in business).
tenure:isteqq-i-da`w, Preferential A istidrj [inf. n. x of ' to go step by
claim:isteqq-i-da`w-i-ibtid`, Original step'], s.m. Withdrawing or advancing
right of action:isteqq-i-t, Personal title gradually; seeking to remove by degrees.
or privilege:isteqq-i-shuf`a, Right of A istidrk [inf. n. x of ' to reach'],
premption, premptive title (= aqq-i- s.m. Reaching, overtaking, obtaining;
shuf`a):isteqq-i-q`im bi`l-wujd, Inchoate comprehending, understanding; (in Gram.)
right:isteqq-i-q`ima, Vested interest: emendation; contrariety, antithesis (e.g. arf-i-
istidrk, particle of emendation, adversative
isteqq-i-qaba, Right of possession:
particle).
isteqq-i-qadmat, Prescriptive right or
A istid` [inf. n. x of ' to seek, pray
title:isteqq-i-kmil, Complete right; for,' &c.], s.f. Asking, supplicating; desire;
absolute interest:isteqq-i-nif, Right of request, demand; claim; supplication, prayer,
way; exercise or use of a right:isteqq-i- humble petition.
wirsat-i-`inda, Reversionary title (=isteqq- A istidll [inf. n. x of
' to direct aright'],
i-i`da-i-wirsat). s.m. Seeking proof, arguments or reasons;
A isekm [inf. n. x of ' to restrain,' proof, demonstration, argument (= dall,
&c.], s.m. Firmness, strength; confirmation, q.v.).
corroboration, ratification; fixity:istekm P astar (=S. ), s.m. A mule.
den (-ko), To strengthen, make firm; to
P astar, = P star, s.m. Lining; coating;
confirm; to corroborate; to ratify, sanction,
priming; mordant:astar-kr, s.f.
make valid or legal; to verify, attest.
Plastering:astar-kr karn, v.t. To line; to
A istelf [inf. n. x of ' to swear'],
coat:astar lagn (me),astar cahn (-
s.m. Causing to swear; exacting an oath.
me), astar den (-me), To sew or quilt in a
A istira [inf. n. x of ' to be
possessed of good'], s.m. Seeking to obtain the lining (opp. of abra cahn, q.v.).
Divine favour; looking into the Qo`rn, or the P star, = P astar, s.m. Lining; coating;
Bible, for a good augury or omen; judging from priming; mordant:astar-kr, s.f.
omens or augury; stichomancy; bibliomancy. Plastering:astar-kr karn, v.t. To line; to
A istidm [inf. n. x of ' to serve'], coat:astar lagn (me),astar cahn (-
s.m. Employing, making use of the labour of me), astar den (-me), To sew or quilt in a
another; seeking or getting employment. lining (opp. of abra cahn, q.v.).
P istiar [Old P. istakhar, Zend takhra, S astra, s.m. Missile weapon; arrow;
'firm,' rt. tak = S. ], s.m. 'Standing firm'; weapon in general:astra-dhr, adj. & s.m.
the ancient Persepolis. Bearing arms, armed;an armed person:
astra-astra, s.m. Weapons, arms:astra-

96
vidy, s.f. The science of the use of weapons of ziqq, Dropsy of the whole body, Anasarca:
defence; the military science:astra-veda, s.m. istisq-i-tabl, istisq-i-ubl, Tympany.
The science of arms and of war:astra-hn, A istishhd [inf. n. x of ' to bear
adj. & s.m. Unarmed, defenceless;an witness to'], s.m. Summoning witnesses;
unarmed person. bringing testimony or proof; taking evidence;
H ustar, s.m. A barber (cf. ust, falling a martyr to religion.
and the next). A istin` [inf. n. x of 'to make or
P ustur, ustar, astur, s.m. A razor: construct'], s.m. Requisition of workmanship,
ustur len, v.t. To shave. forced labour; pressing into service.
A istiwb [inf. n. x of ' to pour
H ustar = ustar, q.v.
forth'], s.m. Deeming right; approving,
A istirat [inf. n. x of ' to rest'], s.f. approbation; consulting as to what is right or
Ease, rest, repose, tranquillity; sleep. proper to be done; consultation, reference;
H ustar (corr. of us- inquiry; taking the opinion of:istiwb karn,
tara), adv. Just that way, without cause, v.t. To take the opinion (of), inquire (of); to
reason or motive; gratis, for nothing (= yo, refer (to); to consult.
q.v.). A istit`at [inf. n. x of ' to be
A istirj` [inf. n. x of ' to return'], submis sive'], s.f. Power, ability; possibility;
s.m. Returning (to God); having recourse to compliance with command, submission,
God during affliction or misfortune; repeating obedience; dependence.
the words (of the Qor`n, ii. 151) "Verily to A istizhr, [inf. n. x of ' to be
God we belong, and verily unto Him we apparent,' &c.], s.m. Seeking assistance; help,
return." support; power; calling to mind, remembering;
A istirdd [inf. n. x of ' to return, repeating by heart; reciting.
reject'], s.m. Demanding restitution of anything, A iste`r [inf. n. x of ;iv. ' to
whether given, deposited in trust, or taken lend'], s.m. Asking a loan (`ryat), borrowing;
without consent;revoking, recalling, using a word metaphorically; metaphor,
retracting; reversing, repealing; rejecting; figure:iste`r karn, v.t. To beseech, beg
repelling, driving or forcing back:istirdd earnestly.
karn, v.t. To revoke, retract, repeal, annul, A iste`nat [inf. n. x of ;iv. ' to
reverse, set aside:istirdd-e-nlm, s.m. help'], s.f. Seeking assistance, praying for help
Reversal of a public sale. (`aun); aid, help, assistance (=`aun); protection.
A istir [inf. n. x of ' to be A iste`jl [inf. n. x of ' to make
pleased'], s.f. Seeking to please; asking or haste'], s.m. Wishing to make haste; requiring
seeking the consent; willingness, alacrity; haste or expedition (from a person, or in a
pleasure; assent, consent (=ra-mand). matter); hastening, accelerating.
A istarak, astarak ( Arabicised), A iste`dd [inf. n. x of ; iv. ' to make
s.m. Storax. ready,' &c.], s.f. Getting oneself ready;
P ustura = ustur, q.v. readiness, preparation; proficiency; ability,
H istr [S. ], s.f. Woman; wife: means; capability, capacity, mental power,
talent, parts; aptitude, dexterity.
istr-barg, istr-jt, s.f. Woman-kind:istr-
A iste`f, vulg. istf [inf. n. x of ' to
dhan, s.m. Settlement made on a wife by her
efface'], s.m. Seeking to be excused (from);
father; jointure; wife's property or
asking forgiveness, deprecating; resignation (of
paraphernalia:istr karn, v.t. To take a wife,
an office or appointment):iste`f den, To
to marry:istr - gm, s.m. One who goes
tender (one's) resignation, to resign:iste`f
after women, an adulterer:istr-ling, (in
qabl karn (-k), To accept the resignation
Gram.) the feminine gender.
(of).
H istar, istr [S. 'spreading A iste`l [inf. n. x of ' to be high'], s.m.
out'], s.f. Smoothing-iron; a tailor's goose: Superiority; exaltation; seeking promotion.
istar karn, v.t. To smooth with a heated iron, A iste`ml [inf. n. x of ' to work,
to iron:istr-wl, s.m. A person who irons serve'], s.m. Work, operation; employment, use;
linen. practice, exercise; custom, usage, observance;
A istis`d [inf. n. x of ' to be happy'], fashion:iste`ml rakhn, v.n. To be in use, be
s.m. Desiring happiness; being fortunate; current (a word, or phrase):iste`mal karn (-
deeming or reckoning fortunate, auspicious or ko), To use, employ; to practise:iste`mal
lucky; conceiving well of anything. karn (-k), To make use (of); to use, employ,
A istisq [inf. n. x of ' to give to
put in use, apply:iste`mal-me an, v.n. To
drink'], s.m. Dropsy (=jalandar):istisq-i-
come into use, to be in use, be used:iste`ml-

97
me ln (-ko), To bring into use, put in use or A istiqmat [inf. n. x of ' to stand, rise
in operation, put in practice; to apply; to use, up'], s.f. Keeping oneself upright, standing
employ (=iste`ml karn); to utilize:iste`ml- erect; standing still; rectitude, integrity;
me hon, To be in use. stability; durability; firmness, constancy.
A iste`ml, adj. Used; worn, second- A istiqbl [inf. n. x of ' to come
hand; usual, customary; fit for use; practical: forward'], s.m. Encountering, meeting; the
s.m. The best kind of rice. ceremony of meeting and receiving a visitor;
A istigsa [inf. n. x of ' to cry for reception, welcome; futurity; (in Gram.) the
help'], s.m. Asking for help; demanding justice; future tense:istiqbl karn (-k), To advance
moving (a court) for justice; complaining; to meet (a person); to receive or welcome (a
complaint; suit:istigsa karn, To demand person); to go forth to meet and welcome (a
justice; to seek redress; to sue. guest).
A istigrb [inf. n. x of ' to be A istiqr [inf. n. x of ' to read'], s.m.
obscure or unintelligible'], s.m. Great Reasoning from induction.
admiration; amazement, wonder. A istiqrr [inf. n. x of ' to remain firm,
rest, &c.'], s.m. Requiring or calling for
A istigrq [inf. n. x of ' to be
settlement or affirmation; confirming, ratifying;
submerged, to sink'], s.m. Drowning; the being
confirmation, ratification; declaration;
immersed, absorbed, or wholly engaged (in
recognition.
anything); immersion; lien; mortgage:adj.
A istiqll [inf. n. x of ' to lift, raise up'],
Drowned; immersed (in), buried (in), absorbed
s.m. Absolute power or authority, sovereignty,
(in), engrossed (with), &c.
supremacy; independence; absoluteness;
A istigfr [inf. n. x of ' to pardon'],
intrepidity; firmness, resolution, constancy;
s.m. Asking pardon, begging mercy; craving
steadiness; perseverance, persistence.
grace; deprecating; deprecation; the
A P istiqll, adj. (=mustaqil), Having
(Mohamadan's) prayer for defence against the
absolute power; invested with authority;
evil spirit (Shaitn); mercy; deliverance: confirming in possession:s.f. (incorr.
istigfr karn, To seek pardon or forgiveness of for istiqll) absolute power, &c.
God; to crave mercy; to deprecate.
S stik, adj. & s.m. Religious,
A astagfiru`llh, intj. Lit. 'I ask
forgiveness of God'; God forgive me! God pious, devout; faithful;a believer in a deity,
forbid! future state, &c.
A istign [inf. x of ' to be able to A istikbr [inf. n. x of ' to be great or
dispense with'], s.m. Ability to dispense with, large'], s.m. Pride, conceit, presumption.
independence (in point of fortune), opulence; A istikrh [inf. n. x of ' to dislike'],
content;adj. Independent; contented. s.m. Aversion, loathing, abhorrence; reluctance.
A istifda [inf. n. x of ;iv ' to derive A istikshf [inf. n. x of ' to open,
advantage'], s.m. Seeking gain or advantage make manifest'], s.m. Desiring or requesting the
(f`ida); attainment; profit, gain, advantage manifestation (of anything); exposition or
(=f`ida). laying open (of anything).
A istift [inf. n. x of ], s.m. Taking a A istikml [inf. n. x of ' to be
legal opinion (fatwa), consulting a lawyer or perfect'], s.m. Seeking the completion or
doctor of law. perfection (of any thing); completion; bringing
A istifrg [inf. n. x of ' to pour forth,' to perfection.
&c.], s.m. Vomiting; rejecting; belching. A istilzm [inf. n. x of ' to be
A istifsr [inf. n. x of ' to declare, necessary'], s.m. Rendering necessary;
explain,' &c.], s.m. Seeking information (of); requiring; necessity.
inquiry, question, interrogation; investigation, A istim` [inf. n. viii of ' to hear'], s.m.
search; reference:istifsr karn (-se), To Hearing, listening (to music, particularly);
inquire (of), require an explanation (from); to what is heard; tidings, report, rumour.
question, interrogate; to call for information; to A istimlat [inf. n. x of ' to incline to],
make a reference (to). s.f. Caressing, conciliating; soothing, consoling;
A P istifsr, s.f. Statement of a winning or gaining over; solace;
prosecutor subject to investigation. encouragement.
A istifhm [inf. n. x of ' to understand'], H astambha, istambha [
s.m. Desiring or seeking information, asking for S. ], s.m. Column, pile, post, pillar; trunk
an explanation; inquiry, interrogation.
A istifhm, adj. Interrogatory; of a tree.
interrogative (particle or pronoun). A istimt` [inf. n. x of ' to enjoy'], s.m.
Enjoying, reaping the fruits (of); being

98
delighted; celebrating the solemnities of the
festival of Mecca;enjoyment (of a woman).
A istimdd [inf. n. x of ' to extend,' resolution, constancy.
&c.], s.m. Desiring or begging assistance
(madad), craving help; asking for supplies or
subsidies; application for help or protection.
A istimrar [inf. n. x of ' to pass
through'; 'to continue'], s.m. Continuation,
continuance, perseverance; perpetuity,
permanence; uninterrupted tenure of
possession; (in law), fixed rent, not liable to
alteration:istimrr-dr, Holder of a farm or
lease in perpetuity.
A istimrr, adj. Continuative, s.m. Fracture of a bone:asthi-panjar, s.m. Lit.
perpetual, permanent, unceasing;s.f. Land
rented on a fixed lease; land permanently
settled; the permanent settlement (of Lord
Cornwallis):istimrr pa, s.m. Lease or
farm granted at a fixed rent; lease in
perpetuity:istimrr pae-dr, Lease-holder
at a fixed rent:istimrr jama`, s.f. Fixed or
perpetual assessment of rent:istimrr jot, s.f.
Fixed or permanent tenure:istimrr
muqarrar karn, v.t. To fix in perpetuity.
A istimzj [inf. n. x of ], s.m.
Seeking to discover one's purpose or wish
(mizj), sounding one's intention; asking an
opinion.
A istind [inf. viii of ' to lean (upon)'],
s.m. Leaning or resting (upon).
A istimbt [inf. n. x of ' to draw establishment; appointment:asthpan karn,
(from)'], s.m. Drawing out, extraction;
deduction:istimbt karn (-se), To draw
forth, extract; to elicit; to deduce; to select.
A istinj [inf. n. x of ' to pass out of the station; abode, residence; temple, shrine:
body' (urine, &c.)], s.m. Ablution or
purification after the offices of nature (=b-
dast); making water; the private parts;istinje-
se istinj laan, To have carnal intercourse
with:istinje-k hel, s.m. A lump of earth or
clay (such as is used for purification when
water is not obtainable; hence), anything
worthless:istinje lan (-ke), To grow fast
friends, become intimate.
A istinshq [inf. n. x of ' to snuff up'],
s.m. Throwing water up the nostrils when
performing the wa; snuffing up the air, or
odours, &c.
A istiw [inf. n. viii of ' to be equal'], unsteadiness; uncertainty; fickleness.
s.m. Equality; parallelism; what is plane, level
or parallel; (the word is ordinarily met in the
phrase) atti-istiw, The equinoctial line, the
equator.
P ustuwr [Pehl. ustuvr, Zend tawr, &c.], s.m. Laughing at; derision, scorn, scoff;
S. ], adj. Strong, powerful; stable, firm;
even, level, equal; straight:ustuwr karn,
v.t. To strengthen; to make firm; to support,
prop.
P ustuwr, s.f. Strength, firmness,
stability; confirmation, corroboration, support;
S asta-vyasta, part. adj.
Scattered hither and thither, confused,
disordered, dispersed; helter-skelter, in
confusion.
S asthi, s.m. Bone (=ha):
asthi-bandhan, s.m. The joining of the bones;
sinews:asthi-bhang, s.m. Fracture of the
bones; name of a plant of supposed efficacy in
fractures, Cissus quadrangularis:asthi-bhed,
'Cage of bones'; bag of bones, skeleton:asthi-
sandhi, s.f. Uniting of a broken bone:asthi-
osh, s.m. Dryness and decay of the bones:
asthi-mtra, Mere bones, nothing but bones;
full of bones:asthi-vat, adj. Osseous, bony;
like bone.
S sth, s.f. Prop, stay; place or
means of abiding; labour, pains, effort, care;
zeal.
H isthpat, asthpit [
S. ], s.m. Setting up or placing an idol in
a temple.
H asthpan [S. ], s.m.
Setting up, erecting, act of establishing,
v.t. To set up, establish; to fix; to dedicate.
H asthn [S. ], s.m. Place,
position, locality, situation, spot; post, seat,
asthn den (-ko), To place; to locate; to lodge.
S asthvar, adj. Not steadfast;
unsteady; not fixed, movable, moving.
S asthit, part. adj. Unfixed,
unsettled, uncertain.
S asthir, adj. Unstable, unsteady;
uncertain, restless, fickle.
H isthir [S. ], adj. Standing,
stagnant; stable, steady, fixed, firm, settled,
immovable.
S asthirat, s.f. Instability,
H isthirat,
s.f.= , sthirat, q.v.
A istehz [inf. n. x of ' to laugh at,'
jest, joke.
H asthal [S. ], s.m. Place, site,
soil, dry or firm ground (=thal); stand or station
of a faqr; a kind of monastery in which
99
religious mendicants abide under a Mahant or H ism, =
superior.
A istehlk [inf. n. x of ' to destroy'], H ismp, s.m. (corr. of the
s.m. Seeking the death or ruin of any one; English), Stamp; postage-stamp (syn. ika):
ruining, destroying, consuming (=halk). ismp-farosh, s.m. Seller of stamps:ism-
A istehll [inf. n. x of
' to appear' (the lag-hu`, adj. Stamped.
new moon)], s.m. The appearing of the new H ismp, =
moon (hill).
H ism, s.m. (corr. of the English),
S asthivat, adj.
Stamp; postage-stamp (syn. ika):ismp-
v.s.v. asthi.
farosh, s.m. Seller of stamps:ism-lag-
H asth, s.m.= asthi, q.v. hu`, adj. Stamped.
H asthairj, = H isan, s.m. (corr. of the English),
S asthairya, s.m. Instability, Assistant.
unsteadiness, fickleness; uncertainty. H iseshan, s.m. (corr. of the
S asthairya, = English), Railway station; police station.
H asthairj, s.m. Instability, S asajjan (+ +), adj.
unsteadiness, fickleness; uncertainty. Unfit, improper; untrue; not of good family, not
well-born, not respectable; not virtuous,
S ast, adj. & s.f. Disloyal, unchaste disreputable.
(wife);unchaste woman; unfaithful wife H usijn [S. + or perhaps
(cf. asat).
H asatt [S. + ], adj. & s.m.f. from rt. ], v.n. To bubble up, boil, boil up; to
Powerless, helpless;a powerless or helpless simmer, to be boiled or cooked over a slow fire.
person, a poor creature; indolent person. H asa = asatya, and asat,
H asaty, asat [S. ++ ], q.v.
adj. & s.m. Untrue, false;a liar. H asu [S. +], adj. s.f. Impure,
H ste (corr. of P. hista), adv. unclean, foul;impurity; pollution.
& intj. Gently, softly, quietly, slowly:ste- H asu, s.f. (see asu), Impurity,
ste (emphat.)=ste;cf. dhre-dhre. foulness, pollution.
A istl [inf. n. x of ' to have root A isq, prop. n. Isaac.
or foundation'], s.m. Rooting up, extirpating, A asad, s.m. Lion (syn. sih); Leo (the sign
eradicating, destroying, exterminating. of the Zodiac).
A ist`b [inf. n. x of ' to take the S asiddh, adj. Not effected,
whole,' &c.], s.m. Taking the whole;
unaccomplished, imperfect, incomplete; unripe,
extirpating; asking in a present.
raw, not properly cooked; invalid; false.
A istf [inf. n. x of ' to be full,' &c.],
s.m. Satisfying completely; paying or receiving H asuddh, adj.= auddh, q.v.
in full of all demands; renouncing, S asur, = S sur, s.m. Evil
relinquishing, resigning (an appointment,
spirit, demon. (The Asurs are said to inhabit the
see iste`f). South pole, and are considered to be demons of
A istl [inf. n. x of ' to be master of, the first order, and in constant hostility with the
control'], s.m. Predominance, conquest; gods.)
domination, ascendency, authority.
P stn, s.f. Sleeve; cuff:stn S sur, = S asur, s.m. Evil
ahn (par or pe), To turn up the sleeves (for spirit, demon. (The Asurs are said to inhabit the
the purpose of, or against); to make ready (for), South pole, and are considered to be demons of
be prepared or ready (for); to menace, the first order, and in constant hostility with the
threaten:stn-k sp, s.m. Domestic gods.)
enemy; enemy in the guise of a friend. S sur, s.m. A form of marriage
A istns [inf. n. x of ' to be or among Hinds, in which the bridegroom
become familiar'], s.m. Familiarity, intimacy, purchases the bride from her father and paternal
sympathy. kinsmen.
S asatya, adj. & sm. Untrue, S asra, s.m. Corner; hair of the head;
false;an untruth (=asat, and asa):asatya- blood; tear.
bd (-vd), s.m. One who speaks falsehood, a
S asri, s.f. Ten millions.
liar.

100
H issar, s.m.= war, q.v. H sart [S. +], =
H ussar, adj.= sar, q.v. H srit,
S usra, s.m. A bull; a ray of light. vulg. srat [S. ], part. adj. Resorting (to);
H sr [S. ], s.m. Abode, dependent (on);s.m. One who has recourse to
or relies on another; refugee; protege;
asylum, place of refuge, shelter, retreat, hiding-
dependant, follower, subject, servant, retainer;
place; means of defence, protection or security,
hanger on, parasite, sycophant;a Brahman
defence, safeguard, safety, security, surety;
who assists in the performance of marriage
support, stay; protector, patron; hope,
ceremonies.
expectation, trust, reliance, confidence,
dependence, assurance; help, means of H srat`, s.f. The business or
subsistence:sr takn (-k), sr john (- office of an srit; the perquisites or privileges
k), sr hhn -(-k), To look for help or of an srat.
support (from), seek succour (from), expect the S asrij, s.m. Blood.
support (of); to look (for), watch (for), be in
expectation (of):sr n or -jn (-k), H asraddh [S. + ], s.f. Want
To lose (one's) hope, to be disappointed in of confidence in, distrust, disbelief; dislike,
(one's) expectations; to despair:sr den (- aversion, disgust, loathing, contempt.
ko), To give hope, to raise expectations; to H sram [S. ], s.m. Abode,
console; to give assurance, inspire confidence, residence; the abode of a hermit, or of a
to reassure; to encourage:sr karn (-k), religious student; hermitage; college, school;
To rest, rely, depend or lean (on), to be a class or religious order (of which the Hinds
dependent (on); to rest or feel assured; to count reckon four, referable to the different periods of
(on), trust (in), confide (in); to hope, expect: a Brhman's life, viz. 1 The Brahmr, who
sr len (-k, or me), To place trust (in); to devotes his life to religious exercises, asterity,
seek the support (of); to seek the shelter (of), and celibacy; 2 The Grih or Grihastha, who
take refuge (in):sr hon (-k), To be the lives in the world and rears a family; 3
support, or stay, or prop, or refuge (of). The Vnaprastha, who retires from the world
H usur = 1 sar; and with his family and passes his life in devotion
2 usr, q.q.v. in the forest; 4 The Bhikshu or Sannyas, who
A asrr, s.m. pl. (of sirr), Secrets; subsists on alms).
confidential concerns. H sram [S. ], adj.
A isrr [inf. n. iv of ' to gladden'], s.m. Belonging to one of the four orders mentioned
Keeping secret; concealment, suppression; above.
secrecy, secret, mystery; influence of an evil
H asarmel,
spirit:revealing or divulging a secret,
disclosure. s.m.= isparml, and iarml,
A isrf [inf. n. iv of ' to be negligent,' q.q.v.
&c.], s.m. Excess, extravagance, profusion, H asara [S. +], adj.
prodigality, lavish expenditure, abuse of wealth; Without shelter, unprotected, helpless, destitute.
dissipation, ruin.
A isrfl, s.m. The name of an angel H usarn [S. +, rt. cf.
who, it is said, will sound the last trumpet at the
resurrection; a seraph. the tr. form usrn], v.n. To retreat, recede; to
A isr`l, prop. n. Israel. shrink from; to be removed or displaced; to be
finished or completed with expedition.
H sirbd, s.m.= asrbd,
q.v. P isrinj, s.m. Minium, cinnabar.
H srit, vulg. srat [S. ], =
H sart [S. +], part. adj. H asru, asr [S. ], s.m. A
Resorting (to); dependent (on);s.m. One who tear.
has recourse to or relies on another;
refugee; protege; dependant, follower, subject, H sr, s.m.= srit, q.v.:sr-
servant, retainer; hanger on, parasite, bht, Idem.
sycophant;a Brahman who assists in the
performance of marriage ceremonies. S asur, s.f. A female demon; the
wife of an asur, q.v.;black mustard-seed.

101
H sur [S. +], adj. Of or A asfal, adj. compar. & superl. (of
sfil), Lower, inferior; lowest, nethermost:
belonging to evil spirits (asur); devilish,
asfalu`s-sfiln, The lowest hell.
diabolical, demoniacal:surmy, s.f.
Deception of demons.
A isfunj, isfanj, [Gr. Arabicized],
s.m. Sponge; a yeast dumpling.
S sur, s.f. A division of
medicme, surgery, curing by cutting with P isfandiyr, prop. n. Name of the son of
instruments, applying the cautery. Gishtsb, of the first dynasty of Persian kings.

H sray, s.m.= sr, q.v. P isfahn (or ispahn, i.e. siph+n), prop.
n. Ispahan, the capital of Persian `Irq (the
ancient Parthia).
H srait [S. +], adj.
Hopeful, trusting, confident;s.m. Refugee, A isqt [inf. n. iv of ' to fall, drop'] s.m.
&c.=srit, q.v. Causing to fall; dropping or casting her young
(an animal); miscarrying, miscarriage;
H asisha [S. + ], adj. procuring an abortion:isqti-amal, s.m.
Untrained, badly-trained, ill-regulated, ill- Miscarriage; procuring an abortion; abortion.
behaved, unpolite, rude, barbarous; indecent,
profligate. A isql [Gr. Arabicized], s.m. A
squill, a wild onion.
A istabal [Bar. Gr. ; Lat.
stabulum], s.m. A stable. A iskt [inf. n. iv of ' to become still
or quiet'], s.f. Silencing; pacifying, soothing,
A usturlb [Gr. quieting, assuaging, allaying.
Arabicized], s.m. An astrolabe.
H uskn, v.t.= uksn, q.v.
A istuqist, ustuqust (pl. of =Gr.
), Elements, principles:istuqist-i- S sakt (rt. ), part. adj.
uqldus, Euclid's elements.
Strongly attached to; fond of, enamoured of,
addicted (to), devoted to; intent on, engrossed;
A ustuwn, = A ustuwna, (P.
zealously following or pursuing.
ustn, Arabicized], s.m. A column:
ustuwn-i-mustadr, s.m. A round column; a
cylinder. S sakti, s.f. Attachment,
fondness, devotedness, love; zealous
A ustuwna, = A ustuwn, (P. application, diligence.
ustn, Arabicized], s.m. A column:
ustuwn-i-mustadr, s.m. A round column; a H askat, = H
cylinder.
skat, [S. + , rt. ], s.f. Inactivity,
A ustds [Gr. , Lat. remissness; dulness; tardiness, dilatoriness;
stchas, -adis, Arabicized], Lit. 'Of the slothfulness, laziness, indolence; heaviness,
Stchades' (islands); French lavender, sticados, drowsiness, sleepiness; procrastination.
Lavandula stchas. (Also written .)
H skat, = H
A as`ad, adj. compar. & superl. (of askat, [S. + , rt. ], s.f. Inactivity,
sa`d), More, most, or very happy or fortunate.
remissness; dulness; tardiness, dilatoriness;
A asfr, s. pl. (of sifr), Books, writings, slothfulness, laziness, indolence; heaviness,
volumes, registers. drowsiness, sleepiness; procrastination.

A asfr, s.m. pl. (of safar), Voyages, H askatn, = H

travels, adventures. skatn, v.n. To be inactive; to be
lazy, idle, &c.; to be disinclined to work; to be
P isfnaj, isfnj, s.m. Spinach.
idle; to move slowly, to dawdle, dally, to be
dilatory; to take it easy.

102
H skatn, = H A isl [inf. n. iv of ' to experience
askatn, v.n. To be inactive; to be
lazy, idle, &c.; to be disinclined to work; to be
idle; to move slowly, to dawdle, dally, to be
dilatory; to take it easy.
H askat, = H safe'], s.m. The Mohammadan religion;
skat, [askat or skat+ = S. ], adj. Inactive,
doing nothing, lazy, sluggish, indolent; remiss;
slow, tardy, dilatory, backward; drowsy, dozy,
sleepy;s.m. A lazy fellow, idler, sluggard;
dawdler, loiterer, &c.
H skat, = H Muslim.
askat, [askat or skat+ = S. ], adj. Inactive,
doing nothing, lazy, sluggish, indolent; remiss;
slow, tardy, dilatory, backward; drowsy, dozy,
sleepy;s.m. A lazy fellow, idler, sluggard;
dawdler, loiterer, &c.
comfort'], s.m. Comfort, consolation.
A aslf, s.m. pl. (of salaf), Those who
have gone before; ancestors.
A islm [inf. n. iv of ' to be or become
orthodoxy (according to Moammadans):
islm ln, islm qubl karn, v.n. To profess
the Moammadan religion; to be converted to
Moammadanism.
A islm, adj. Faithful; orthodox
(according to Moammadans);s.m. A
follower of the Moammadan religion, a
H usal-pusal [S.
], part. adj. Confused, disordered,
tossed about; agitated:usal-pusal jn, v.n. To
be tossed, to be disordered or confused: to be
agitated.

H usakn, v.n.= ukasn, q.v.
A iskandar, prop. n. Alexander.
A iskandar, adj. Of or relating to
Alexander.
A iskandarya, prop. n. Alexandria (in
Egypt).
H iskandh askandh [S.
], s.m. Section (of a book), book,
chapter.
A aslia, vulg. aslaa, asl, s.m. pl. (of
sil), Arms, weapons, implements of war;
armour:asla-na, s.m. Arsenal, magazine,
armoury (=sil-na).
A uslb, vulg. aslb (rt. ), s.m. Order,
arrangement; manner, mode, method; course,
way, manner of acting or conduct; form, figure,
shape (cf. ush-uslb):uslb-dr, adj.
Methodical; well-arranged; well-proportioned,
symmetrical; elegant.
H is-liye, conj. v.s.v. is.

S asukh, s.m. Unhappiness, A ism (rt. ), s.m. Name, appellation; (in

sorrow, pain, affliction; uneasiness,
restlessness.
H sikh [S. + ], s.m.
Blessing, benediction; admonition, instruction.
S asukh, adj. Unhappy,
sorrowful, afflicted, pained, uneasy, restless.
H asagun, asgun, asugan
[S. +], s.m. A bad omen.
H asgandh, isgandh,
isgand [S. +], s.m. Name of a
medicinal plant, Physalis flexuosa.
Gram.) a noun:ism-i-istifhm, Interrogative
pronoun:ism-i-ishra, Demonstrative
pronoun:ism-i-`zam, Lit. 'The great name';
the name of the Almighty; one of the ninety-
nine names or attributes of God, the utterance
of which is an irresistible spell over evil
spirits:ism-b-musamm, A name fitly
denoting the qualities of the named:ism-i-
tankr, Indefinite pronoun:ism-i-jmid, An
aplastic noun, a primitive noun:ism-i-jall,
The glorious name of God:ism-i-jaml, A
name importing something good or beautiful:
ism-i-jins, Generic noun or name:ism-i-
lya, The present participle; the noun
indicating the state or condition of the
subject:ism-i-t = ism-i-jmid, q.v.:ism-i-
ifat, An adjective:ism-i-amr, Personal
pronoun (=amr):ism-i-`adad, Numeral
adjective:ism-i-f`il, The subject or agent (in

103
Gram.):ism-i-far, Assumed name, fictitious the clouds; to be obtained unexpectedly; to be
name:ism-i-kull, Common noun:ism-i- gained without labour or exertion; to be
ma`rifa, Definite or proper noun (=ma`rifa): undervalued; to be regarded as worthless or
ism-i-maf`l. The perfect passive participle: contemptible:smn-qadr, adj. Vast as the
ism-maul, Relative pronoun:ism-navs, s.f. firmament, grand as the firmament:smn-
List, roll or register of names, muster-roll; the kho, s.m. Anything very lofty or high or tall
act of enrolling; registry-office:ism-navs-i- (as a pole, man, &c.); a hukka, the stem of
gawh, s.f. List of witnesses; petition to which reaches from the lower to the upper floor
summon witnesses:ism-wr, adj. & adv. of a house:smn-ke tre ton, Lit. 'To
Entry (in statements) according to the order of break the stars of the sky'; to be very skilful or
individual names. expert in a business or trade:smn-gr (or -
S asam, adj. Unequal; uneven, not gr), s.f. Lit. 'Catching or intercepting the sky';
projecting roof; canopy, awning; arbour,
level; unlike, dissimilar; unusual.
bower:smn-me hegl lagn, Lit. 'To
A asm, s.m. pl. (of ism), Names:asm-i-
pierce the sky'; to be very skilful or expert at a
usn, asm-i-`uzm, The ninety-nine names or
business or trade (=smn-ke tre ton).
epithets of God.
P sman, adj. Heavenly, celestial; from
P sm = smn, q.v.
heaven, divine; sky-coloured, azure, cerulean;
S asampt, part. adj. Unfinished, unexpected, sudden:smn bal girn (-
incomplete. par), smn gaab n (-par), To be
S asampti, s.f. Incompleteness. overtaken by a calamity from heaven, or by
A asmr, s.m. pl. (of samar), divine vengeance:smn piln, To make (a
Discourses by night; tales related in the night person) intoxicated (especially with bhang):
for amusement. smn tr, s.m. An arrow shot towards the sky,
A ism`l, prop. n. Ishmael, son of an arrow shot at random; an arrow shot by an
Abraham. unknown hand; a profitless venture; an useless
act:smn farmn, s.f. Lit. 'Heavenly
S asamn, adj. Uneven, not level;
decree'; unforeseen disasters, failure of crops,
unlike, different, dissimilar; unequal. &c. (arising from drought or excessive rain); a
S asammn, s.m. Disrespect; phrase formerly used in deeds and leases as a
disgrace. provision against loss or injury arising from
P smn, vulg. asmn [Pehl. aman, calamitous seasons, or unjust exactions of the
Zend. aman; S. aman, rt. a], s.m. Sky, Government, which, if affecting the zamndrs,
firmament; heaven, the celestial orb; the vault the ryots were compelled to make good.
or canopy of heaven:smn-par thkn, Lit. S asambaddha, part. adj. Not
'To spit at the sky'; to act improperly or joined, unconnected, disconnected.
foolishly; to kick against the pricks:smn-
S asambhvit, and
par ahn, v.t. To exalt to the skies; to speak
highly of, to praise extravagantly; to flatter, H. asambhavit, part.
wheedle, coax:smn-pe damg hon, To adj.= asambhav, q.v.
exalt oneself to the skies, to be very conceited, S asambhvan, s.f.
vain or proud; to affect greatness, give oneself
Inconceivableness, improbability;
airs:smn-par khain = smn-pe qadam unreasonableness, inconsistency,
rakhn = asmn-me pair lagn = smn-pe incompatibility; impossibility; unexpectedness;
damg hon, q.v.:smn pha-pan =smn wretchedness.
n, q.v.:smn takn, smn jhkn,
S asambhav, adj. Uncommon;
v.n. Lit. 'To turn the eye to the sky' (as a game
cock, in the pride of his strength is supposed to inconceivable, improbable; unreasonable,
do); to feel the pride of strength; to wax strong absurd, inconsistent, incompatible, impossible.
and bold; to be in good form (for fighting, S asampr, adj. Incomplete,
&c.):smn n or -pan, v.n. Lit. 'the imperfect, defective.
sky to fall upon'; to be overtaken by misfortune, S asammat, adj. Dissentient,
to be overwhelmed with trouble:smn-jh,
adj. Of exalted dignity, very exalted, of great averse; adverse, contrary.
eminence or dignity:smn-se bte S asammati, s.f. Disagreement,
karn, smn-se akkar khn, To reach to the dissent, dissension, contrariety, aversion,
sky; to vie with the sky (in height); to be very dislike.
high; to exceed in height or appearance:
smn-se girn, To drop from the sky, fall from

104
H asamajh, adj. Without move or interpose in behalf of (said of a holy
man who perceives by supernatural intelligence
understanding (samajh, q.v.); thoughtless,
that some one in distress has invoked his
stupid, ignorant.
aid):san lagn (-ke), To sit down, settle,
S asmriti, s.f. Want of memory, take up (one's) abode, abide; tarry; to sit
forgetfulness. obstinately in one place and position till one's
H ismriti, ismirti [S. ] s.f. demands are satisfied:san mrn (-
The Hind law. (See smriti.) par), san mr-ke baihn (-par), To sit on the
haunches (like a Jog), to squat; to sit in one
S asamarth, posture without change; to have a firm seat (on
adj.= asmarth, q.v. a horse).
S asmara, s.m. Forgetting, H sin [S. ], s.m. The sixth
forgetfulness, oblivion. month of the Hinds (Sept.-Oct.), during which
S samantt, adv. All round, the moon is full near the stars at the head of
on every side; wholly, altogether. Aries.
S asamanjas, s.m. Doubt, S sanna (rt. ), adj. Near, close,
suspense; suspicion; unconformity, disparity, at hand, adjacent, proximate:sanna-bht-
difference. kl, s.m. (in Gram.) The Perfect tense:
A P ism-wr, v.s.v. ism. sanna-kl, s.m. The hour of death.
A ism, adj. Nominal (as opposed to H usn (perf. part. of usann,
verbal); by name, named. q.v.), part. adj. Boiled:usn `ul or wal,
S asamay, s.m. Rice separated from the husk after being
boiled.
vulg. asamai, asame, s.m. A time of
H usann, see usann.
misfortune or distress, adverse or calamitous
time or season; inconvenient or unsuitable A asnd, s.f. (m. ?) pl. (of sanad),
time;adj. Ill-timed, out of season, Grants, deeds, charters, law papers in general,
unseasonable; premature. documents, vouchers, warrants, authorities:
A ismya, adj. f.= ism, q.v. testimonials, credentials, certificates.
(e.g. jumla`i-ismya, a nominal sentence). A isnd [inf. n. iv of ' to lean' (upon)],
s.m. Resting a thing upon (another); alleging on
H asan [S. ], s.m. Eating,
the authority of another.
food;the tree Terminalia alata tormentosa,
H asnn, isnn [S. ],
on which the asar silkworm feeds (also
s.m. Bathing.
written san):asan-basan, s.m. Food
H usnn = usnna, q.v.
and clothing.
S san, s.m. Sitting; sitting in S asantn, adj. Without
peculiar postures according to the custom of offspring, childless.
Jogs in their devotional exercises (of which S asantush, part. adj.
eighty-four are enumerated); mode of sitting, Dissatisfied, discontented, displeased,
posture, attitude, position; seat, place, stool; a aggrieved; hard to please.
small carpet or deer-skin on which Hinds sit
during prayer; the withers of an elephant, the S asantosh, = H
part where the driver sits; driver's seat; rider's
seat (on a horse); the inside or under part of the asantokh, s.m. Dissatisfaction,
thigh; a market-stall;maintaining a post discontent; displeasure; unrest.
against an enemy:san-tale n, To come
under the thighs, to be ridden or mounted (a H asantokh, = S
horse), to come under subjection; to be
embraced in carnal intercourse:san jamna, asantosh, s.m. Dissatisfaction,
v.n. To have a good grip with the thighs (on a discontent; displeasure; unrest.
horse), to sit firmly, stick (on):san
jon, san joke baihn, san-se san jon, S asantosh, adj. Unsatisfied,
v.n. To sit on the hams; to squat on the ground dissatisfied, discontented.
like aJog; to sit in close contact (with, lit. 'thigh
to thigh'):san ign (-ke), To shake the
firm-sitting or position (of), to shake the virtue H asajog = asayog,
(of); to allure, tempt, seduce:san oln, To q.v.

105
S asandigdha, part. adj.
Undoubted, unquestionable. S asayam, adj. & s.m.
Unrestrained, incontinent, intemperate;an
S asaay, s.m. Absence of incontinent person.
doubt;adj. Undoubted.
S asayog, s.m. Want of
H asank, = H asankh, opportunity; separation.
[S. +], adj. Free from doubt or
S asneh, s.m. Want of affection,
hesitation, undoubting, not anxious, confident;
unkindness;adj. Wanting in affection, unkind,
secure, fearless, undaunted.
harsh.
H asankh, = H asank,
H asiv [S. +], adj. Unlucky,
[S. +], adj. Free from doubt or inauspicious; not prosperous, unhappy;
hesitation, undoubting, not anxious, confident; pernicious, dangerous.
secure, fearless, undaunted.
S sav, s.m. Rum, spirit distilled
H sank [S. +], s.f. from sugar or molasses, spirituous liquor in
Doubt, uncertainty; fear, apprehension, awe, general.
danger:sank karn (-k), To suspect; to be
apprehensive (of). S swd, s.m. Taste, flavour,
savour, relish.
S asankhya, adj. Countless,
innumerable. H P aswr [S. +], s.m.
Rider, horseman, trooper, cavalry-man; (also
S asakhyt, part. adj. written sawr); part. adj. Mounted, riding (on),
Unnumbered, not calculated or computed; embarked (on a boat, ship, &c.):aswr-hon
numberless. (-par), To mount (upon a horse, elephant,
camel, &c.); to ride (on an animal, or in a
S sang (+, rt. ), s.m. vehicle); to embark (on a ship, &c.).
Instrumentality, means, help;s.f. Power,
ability, strength:sang-se (-ke), adv. By H aswrh, v.s.v. awa.
means (of).
H aswr (more com.
S asangat, adj. Not holding sawr), s.f. Riding (on a horse, camel, &c. or in
together, incoherent, incongruous, inconsonant, a vehicle); horse or other beast (that is ridden);
unreasonable, false, absurd, improper, bad. carriage, vehicle, conveyance (of any kind, e.g.
palanquin, &c.), mounted state (on horseback);
equipage, train (of a great person), retinue,
S asanmn, s.m. Disrespect,
cavalcade, procession; the occupant of a
irreverence. carriage or other vehicle; possession by an evil
spirit (of a person), also the person so
S asammat = asammat. possessed; a trick or manuvre in wrestling
q.v. (throwing one's arms from under the arms of
the opponent around his neck; or throwing one's
legs round the waist of the opponent and
H usann [neut. from usnn,
pressing against his belly):aswr utarwn,
q.v.], v.n. To boil; to simmer. v.t. To help the rider (on a horse or in a vehicle)
to dismount:aswr den, To serve as a
H san (dim. of san, q.v.), mount, to be ridden (a horse, &c.):aswr
s.f. A small carpet, deer-skin, &c. on which kasn, To saddle a horse, &c.; to get ready a
Hinds sit at prayer. carriage, &c.:aswr len, To mount, ride; to
use (a horse, &c.); to take a ride.
S asayam, s.m. Absence of self-
restraint; uncontrol, incontinence,
intemperateness.

106
H sws [S. + , rt. ], A aswad, adj. Black; blacker; blackest;
greater, and greatest, in respect of estimation,
s.m. Rest, repose, recreation; cessation,
rank or dignity.
completion; comfort, consolation.
P sdag (abst. s. fr. next), s.f.
H is-wste, v.s.v. is.
Contentment, ease, quiet, tranquillity, calm,
peace; comfort, well-being, easy circumstances.
H asobh [S. +], s.f. Want
of beauty or elegance, ugliness;adj. P sda (perf. part. of sdan; (+rt. Zend.
Shapeless, ill-made, ugly, inelegant. ; S. , ), part. adj. Satisfied, contented;
satiated, full, glutted; easy, at ease, tranquil,
S aswdit, part. adj. Without peaceful, comfortable, possessing a
tasto, tasteless; without flavour, without relish. competency; affluent;adv. In easy
circumstances (in respect of, -se), well-off,
S aswrthat, s.f. well-to-do:sda-l, adj.=sda:sda-
Unselfishness, disinterestedness. t ir, sda-dil, adj. Of calm or composed
mind, composed in mind, contented, calm,
tranquil, serene.
S aswarth, adj. & s.m.
Unselfish, disinterested;an unselfish or P sdagn, s.m.f. pl. (of sda), Those
disinterested person. at rest or peace, the dead.

S aswm, adj. Without master H asok [S. +, rt. ], s.m.

or owner; having no right or title to:aswm Freedom from care or sorrow; ease, &c. (=asog,
bikr (aswm+S. ), s.f. Sale without q.v.);the tree Jonesia asoca; adj. At ease,
ownership; illegal sale. unmolested, tranquil, cheerful.

H asws, s.f.= H asok = asog, q.v.

anws, q.v.
H asog [S. ], s.m. Ease,
H aswattha [S. ], s.m. tranquillity, comfort; cheerfulness (=asok);
The sacred fig-tree, Ficus religiosa. the tree Uvaria longifolia (syn. deva-dru).

H asoj, asauj [S. H aswa-gandh, s.m.=

asgandh, q.v.
+], s.m. The sixth solar month (=sin
and kuwr).
H asog [S. ++ ], adj.
Undisturbed, unmolested, quiet, tranquil, calm,
H asjh [S. +],
at ease, comfortable.
Imperceptible, invisible; incorporeal.
H aso. adv. This year (=is-sl,
H aso [S. +, rt. ], adj.
q.v.s.v. is).
Impossible to be effected by reflection or study,
not contrivable; inconceivable, unimaginable;
H asvin [S. ,from ],
thoughtless, inconsiderate, inattentive,
negligent, regardless, careless, heedless, s.f. The first Nakshatra or lunar mansion
indifferent; imprudent;s.m. Absence of care, (consisting of three stars in the head of Aries,
tranquillity, content. and having the form of a horse's head).

H asau [S. +, rt. ], s.m. S asy, s.f. Detraction, calumny,

Impurity, foulness; social or legal uncleanness slander; malice; jealousy.
(as from the death of a relation, &c.); mourning.
S aswkr, s.m. Withholding
H aso, adj. Thoughtless, or refusal of assent, disassent, denial.
inconsiderate, inattentive, &c. (=aso, q.v.).

107
A ishl [inf. n. iv of ' to become smooth H usjn, = H
or soft'], s.m. Loosening, moving or producing
usjhn, (Caus. of usijn, q.v.), v.t. To boil,
action of (the bowels), purging; an aperient.
to cook by boiling or simmering;v.n. To be
boiled, to be dressed or cooked over a slow fire
S asahy, and H. asah`, (=usijn).
adj. Without help, assistance, or companions,
friendless, lonely, solitary;s.m. One who has H usjhn, = H
no assistant, helper, or companion; one who is
usjn, (Caus. of usijn, q.v.), v.t. To boil,
friendless.
to cook by boiling or simmering;v.n. To be
boiled, to be dressed or cooked over a slow fire
H asahajj [S. + , rt. ], (=usijn).
adj. Intolerable, insufferable, unbearable.
H as [+H. , perf. part. of
A ashal, adj. compar. & superl. (of
sahl), More easy; most easy. ; S. rt. ], adj. Not watered, not
irrigated.
S asahan, adj. Unenduring, unable
A asr, part. adj. Bound, tied, made
to endure, not bearing with, intolerant,
captive;s.m. Prisoner, captive;asr-i-b-o-
impatient.
gil, Bound or attached to (one's) native soil.

S asahanya, adj. Unbearable,

H usr [S. ], s.f. A grass, the
insufferable, intolerable.
fragrant roots of which are used for making
ais, Andropogon muricatum (syn. as-
S asahya, adj.= asahanya, q.v. as).

H as, ass = asi, q.v. H user [S. , rt. ], s.f.

Remembering with regret; grieving, pining or
H ass [S. ], adj. Eighty. fretting (for), yearning (after); grief, vexation,
anxiety, solicitude (=auser):user karn (-k),
To think (of) with regret; to grieve, pine or fret
H say, sai [S. +, rt. ], (for); to be anxious (about); to be grieved,
s.m. Resting-place, seat, place; asylum, abode, vexed or displeased.
retreat; receptacle; meaning, intention; aim,
scope; theme, subject. H asr-bd, = H

P sy, siy (cf. S. ), s.m. A sr-bd, [S. +, rt. ], s.m.

millstone; a mill:sy-sang, s.m. Millstone.
P syna, s.m. A whetstone. karn, v.t. To bestow a blessing (on), pronounce
P seb, s.m. Misfortune, trouble, calamity
(especially such as is the consequence of the
shadow of a Jinn or demon having fallen on
one); harm, injury, damage, hurt; apprehension,
fear:seb pahun, To bring trouble
(upon); to injure, damage, hurt:seb
pahun, To suffer harm, &c.; to be injured or
hurt:seb dr-karn, seb utrn, To remove
or cure of disease, &c. caused by the shadow of
a Jinn or evil spirit; to expel an evil spirit, to
exorcise.
P seb, s.m.f. One who is afflicted, or in
trouble or calamity; one who is under the
influence of a Jinn or evil spirit.
Blessing, benediction; salutation, greeting
(=sir-bd):asr-bd den (-ko), asr-bd
a benediction (on), to bless; to salute, greet; to
make obeisance to.
H sr-bd, = H
asr-bd, [S. +, rt. ], s.m.
Blessing, benediction; salutation, greeting
(=sir-bd):asr-bd den (-ko), asr-bd
karn, v.t. To bestow a blessing (on), pronounce
a benediction (on), to bless; to salute, greet; to
make obeisance to.
A P asr, s.f. Imprisonment, captivity.
H ass, = H ss, [S.
, rt. ], s.f. Prayer; blessing,
benediction; return of compliments from a
(Hind) superior; reward, prize:ass-den (-

108
ko), To bestow or pray for a blessing (upon), to persons):sh-jau, s.m. Barley-water, gruel:
invoke a blessing (upon), to bless; to salute, sh-ml, s.m. Porridge-stick: pestle.
greet; to make obeisance (to)=asr-bd den.
S u, adv. Quickly, speedily, swiftly,
H ss, = H ass, [S. directly, forthwith:u-tosh, adj. Easily
, rt. ], s.f. Prayer; blessing, pleased or satisfied, soon appeased.
benediction; return of compliments from a
(Hind) superior; reward, prize:ass-den (- S , s.f. Wish, desire, &c.= s,
ko), To bestow or pray for a blessing (upon), to q.v.:-bandh, s.m. Confidence, trust,
invoke a blessing (upon), to bless; to salute, expectation; a spider's web:-bhang, s.m.
greet; to make obeisance (to)=asr-bd den. Disappointment; despair;adj.
Disappointed:-prpt, adj. Possessed of a
H uss [S. +], s.m. hoped-for object;s.m. One who has become
so possessed, a successful man:-rahit, adj.
Pillow, bolster; cushion; head of a bed
Without hope, without expectation; hopeless:
(=sirn).
-hn, adj. Hopeless, destitute of hope,
despondent, despairing.
H asesar (corr. of the English),
s.m. An assessor, a jury-man. S ush, s.f. Morning light, dawn,
daybreak, morning; the wife of Aniruddha, son
H assn, v.t.=ass-den, q.v.s.v. of Km-deva:ush-kl, s.m. The early
ass. morning, daybreak.

H asesh, ases [S. +], adj. P ishrat, s.f. = P ishra, s.m. [for A.
Without remainder; all, entire. , inf. n. iv of ' to show or display' (a
thing)], Sign, signal; beck, nod, wink, nudge,
gesticulation; pointing to, indication, trace,
S asm, adj. Without limits or mark; allusion, hint, clue; insinuation, inuendo;
boundaries; unlimited, unbounded, boundless. love-glances, ogling; dumb-show:ishra
karn, v.t. To make a sign (with the hand, or
P sma, adj. Amazed, astonished, head, &c., generally with the words sir-se, &c.
bewildered, confused, confounded (e.g. sar- expressed); to beckon; to nod; to wink; to
sma, bewildered in the head, astounded). nudge; to cast side glances; to point (to), to
indicate; to allude (to), refer (to); to signify (a
S sn, part adj. Seated, sitting. desire or wish for anything to be done), to direct
by sign, &c.; to hint, give the cue (to).
H as, adj.= as, q.v.
P ishra, s.m. = P ishrat, s.f. [for A.
, inf. n. iv of ' to show or display' (a
S asev, s.f. = S thing)], Sign, signal; beck, nod, wink, nudge,
asevan, s.m. Disregard, inattention, neglect, gesticulation; pointing to, indication, trace,
disobedience. mark; allusion, hint, clue; insinuation, inuendo;
love-glances, ogling; dumb-show:ishra
karn, v.t. To make a sign (with the hand, or
S asevan, s.m. = S
head, &c., generally with the words sir-se, &c.
asev, s.f. Disregard, inattention, neglect, expressed); to beckon; to nod; to wink; to
disobedience. nudge; to cast side glances; to point (to), to
indicate; to allude (to), refer (to); to signify (a
H usewn, v.t.= usn, q.v.: desire or wish for anything to be done), to direct
cf. also ulan. by sign, &c.; to hint, give the cue (to).

P sh (=S. . rt. Zend a = S. ), s.f. H ashh, = H

Meat, victuals, viands; soup, broth, gruel, ashh, =S. ; see ash, the com.
pottage; paste, starch, size (=mnd):sh form.
pakn (-k), To make a paste or jelly (of), to
beat to a jelly; to combine in a design (against),
to conspire or plot against:sh-pul`o, s.f. A
pul`o of ground barley (given to sick

109
H ashh, = H S aubh, adj. Unlucky,
ashh, =S. ; see ash, the com. inauspicious, unpropitious, unfavourable;
unfortunate; evil, bad; unbecoming,
form.
inelegant;s.m. Inauspiciousness;
unhappiness; unfavourableness; misfortune,
S astra, = S calamity, evil; distress.
astrya, adj. Contrary to or inconsistent with
the rules of science or of law; unlawful, illegal, P shtwa, shtw = ftba, q.v.
irregular, inconsistent; unscriptural, heterodox, A ishtibh [inf. n. viii of ' to assimilate,'
erroneous. &c.], s.m. Doubt (=shubha), suspicion;
ambiguity; scruple;likening; comparison.
S astrya, = S
astra, adj. Contrary to or inconsistent with the A ishtibh, adj. Doubtful, suspicious;
rules of science or of law; unlawful, illegal, ambiguous.
irregular, inconsistent; unscriptural, heterodox,
erroneous. A ishtidd [inf. n. viii of ' to make hard,
firm,' &c.], s.m. Confirming, strengthening,
P ish`at [for A. , inf. n. iv of ' to increasing in violence.
be spread'], s.f. Spreading; spread, diffusion,
propagation:ish`at-i-`ulm, The diffusion of P ushtur [Pehl. ustar, Zend ustra, S. ],
knowledge, &c. s.m. A camel (= shutur, the com. form).

P shm [+rt. Zend sham;=S. ], part. A ishtir [inf. n. viii of ' to buy; to
act. Drinking, drinker (used in comp. e.g. sell'], s.m. Buying; selling; commerce.
sharb-shm, 'wine-drinker').
A ishtirk [inf. n. viii of ' to share'],
s.m. Partnership, fellowship (=shirkat and
S ant (rt. sam), part. adj. sjh), participation, communion;(in
Unappeased; unresigned, restless, anxious, lexicology) the being homonymous;
disquieted, fearful, apprehensive. homonymy.

S anti, s.f. Restlessness, A ishte`l [inf. n. viii of ' to burn'],

anxiety. s.m. Burning, blazing; inflaming; lighting a fire
or candle;fomenting, instigating a quarrel.
S vn, adj. Hopeful;
P ishte`lak (i.e. ishte`l+dim. aff. ak),
desiring; expecting; dependent;s.m. (f. vat), s.f. A small flame; a quarrel:ishte`lak den,
A candidate (=ummedwr), expectant; v.t. To foment (quarrels); to incite to bad
dependent. actions; to abet.

H avar = asvar, q.v. A ishtigl [inf. n. viii of ' to busy, to

occupy'], s.m. Occupation, employment
H avant, adj.= ant, (=shugl), business, study.
q.v.
A ishtiqq [inf. n. viii of ' to cleave,
split'], s.m. Derivation, etymology.
H avant, = H
vant, adj. & s.m.= -vn, P ushtulum, s.m. Fierceness, violence,
q.v. taking anything by force, injustice; celerity;
adj. Firm.
H vant, = H
A ishtiml [inf. n. viii of ' to include'],
avant, adj. & s.m.= -vn, s.m. Comprehension, containing.
q.v.
A ishteh [inf. n. viii of ' To be
A ashb, s.m. pl. (of shaba), Bodies, pleasant'], s.f. Desire, appetite, longing; hunger.
objects.
A ishtehr [inf. n. viii of ' to make
public'], s.m. Publication, divulging; publicity,

110
public notice; notification, announcement, of eight lucky things to be assembled on certain
advertisement, proclamation, declaration, occasions (as a lion, a bull, an elephant, a
notice, placard, poster; fame, rumour, report, water-jar, a fan, a flag, a trumpet and a lamp; or
renown:ishtehr den (-ko), To give publicity a Brahman, a cow, fire, gold, ghee, the sun,
(to), to notify, announce; to promulgate; to give water, and a king).
notice; to publish, proclaim:ishtehr karn,
v.t. To publish, proclaim; to divulge:ishtehr- H ashi = ashh, q.v.
nma, s.m. Advertisement, hand-bill, placard,
&c.=ishtehr.
S isha, ish, part. adj. Desired, wished
A ishtehr, s.m. Lit. 'One who is for; approved; cherished, beloved; reverenced,
advertised'; a person who has absconded. worshipped;s.m. An object of desire, love or
reverence; a god, deity; a beloved person; one
P sht [Pehl. shtis, shtia, Zend khsti, rt. chosen or favoured of a god or goddess; faith,
trust, love:isha-bindu, s.m. (In Geom.) A
t = S. ], s.f. Peace, concord,
given point:isha-deva, s.m. One's own
reconciliation, agreement, accommodation, chosen deity.
convention, confederacy; amour, intrigue:
sht karn (-se), To make peace (with); to
S ishi, s.f. Sacrificing, sacrifice;
league (with), &c.
sacrificial pile.
A ishtiyq [inf. n. viii of ' to excite
desire'], s.m. Desire, strong inclination, longing, H ishm, s.m. & adj. Stamp. (See
craving, yearning; love, fondness:ishtiyq ism.)
hon (-k), To be eagerly desirous (of); to long
(for); to yearn (after); &c.
S ishat, s.f. Desirableness;
belovedness; respect, reverence.
S asha, adj. Eight (=H. h):
ashng (S. ashan+anga), s.m. Eight parts of S ishatar (compar. of isha), adj.
the body with which very profound obeisance is
performed (viz. the hands, thighs, breast, eyes, More desired, dearer, more loved.
and forehead);adj. With, or consisting of,
eight members or parts:ashng-pram S ishatam (superl. of isha), adj.
(ashng-parnm), s.m. Prostration in adoration Most desired, best beloved, dearest.
or salutation by which the ground is touched
with the eight principal parts of the body: S ushra, s.m. Camel (=H. h; P.
asha-bhuj, adj. Possessed of, or having, eight ushtur and shutur).
arms:asha-prahar (=ho pahar), asha-jm,
adv. Through the eight watches, night and day,
S ashaka, s.m. One eighth;adj.
always, incessantly:asha-dhtu, s.m. The
eight metals; bell-metal, mixed metal Eight-fold.
(=azhdht):asha-dht, s.m. Anything
consisting of a combination of the eight S asham, adj. Eighth;s.m. An
metals:asha-dhtja, asha-dhv, s.f. A eighth.
compound of the eight metals, &c. (=asha-
dhtu):asha-siddhi, s.m. The eight siddhis or S asham, s.f. The eighth day
superior beings, personifications of the powers
(night) in a (lunar) half-month. (See janam-
and laws of nature: (when those powers are
asham.)
subjected to the will by holiness and austerity,
whatever the fancy desires may, it is said, be
A ashjr, s.m. pl. (of shajar), Trees.
obtained; even universal sovereignty may be
acquired and implicit obedience to any
A ashja`, adj. compar. & superl. (of
command enforced; the magnitude or weight of
shuj`), Braver; bravest; more, or most, valiant;
the body may be increased or diminished at
brave, valiant.
will, or the body transferred in an instant to any
part of the universe):asha-lok, s.m. The eight
worlds:asha-lok-pl, s.m. Lord of the eight H au (=S. , rt. )=
worlds:asha-mangal, s.m. A norse with a asu, q.v.
white face, tail, breast, and hoofs; a collection

111
H au = ao, q.v.
H auddhiy [suddh+iy = S.
H arj, = S ], s.m. One who speaks, reads, or writes
arya, s.m. Matter of wonder; wonder, inaccurately.
amazement, astonishment, surprise;adj.
Astonishing, wonderful:arya (or arj) A asharr, adj. compar. & superl. (of
karn, v.t. To be astonished or surprised, to sharr), More, most, or very wicked or vicious;
marvel. most malignant; wicked, vicious, malignant;
atrocious.
S arya, = H
arj, s.m. Matter of wonder; wonder, S ara, aru, s.m. A tear (=asru,
amazement, astonishment, surprise;adj. q.v.)
Astonishing, wonderful:arya (or arj)
karn, v.t. To be astonished or surprised, to H r [S. ], s.m. Plea,
marvel.
excuse; deceit, fraud, cheating,
circumvention;abode, retreat, &c.= sr,
S saryit, part. adj. q.v.
Astonished, amazed, astounded.
A ashrbt (for sharbt), s.f. pl. Drinks
S aryat, s.f. prohibited by the Moammadan law, such as
Wonderfulness, wonder, astonishment. wines, &c. (see sharb).

A ashrr (pl. of sharr), adj. & s.m.

S aryamn, = S Wicked, wretched, criminal, seditious;the
aryavn, = S wicked, &c.
aryavant, adj. Astonishing,
A ashrf, s.m. pl. (of sharf),
wonderful; extraordinary;s.m. A wonderful Nobles, noblemen, grandees, persons of high
person, a prodigy. extraction, gentlemen, gentlefolk; honourable
men; (in Rohilkhand, Oude, and Benares) a
S aryavn, = S class of cultivators who claim certain
privileges;adj. Well-born, of good family,
aryamn, = S
noble; gentle, meek, mild; refined, courteous,
aryavant, adj. Astonishing, urbane.
wonderful; extraordinary;s.m. A wonderful
person, a prodigy. S ashrfat (abst. subst. from ashrf,
and=A. sharfat, q.v.), s.f. Nobility, nobleness;
S aryavant, = S gentleness, affability, urbanity, civility,
courtesy, good-breeding, politeness.
aryamn, = S
aryavn, adj. Astonishing, A ishrq [inf. n. iv of ' to rise, shine'
(the sun, &c.)], s.m. Rising (of the sun), sun-
wonderful; extraordinary;s.m. A wonderful
rise, morning; splendour, lustre, beauty.
person, a prodigy.
A ishrq, adj. Of or pertaining to sunrise,
A ash, s.m. pl. (of sha), morning; Eastern, oriental; having the
Persons, people. splendour of the East:ishrq namz
(=namz-i-ishrq), s.m. Morning prayer.
A ashadd, adj. compar. & superl. (of
shadd), More vehement; most vehement; very A ishrk [inf. n. iv of ' to share'], s.m.
violent or severe; severe, violent, excessive. Participating; entering into partnership.

S auddh, adj. Impure; corrupt (as S rit = srit, q.v.

language or style); erroneous, inaccurate,
incorrect, wrong.
S araddh, s.f.= asraddh,
S auddhat, s.f. Uncleanness, q.v.
impurity; inaccuracy, incorrectness, error.

112
S araddheya, part. adj. Not to A ashfq, s.m. pl. (of shafaq),
Kindnesses, favours.
be believed, incredible.
A ishfq [inf. n. iv of ], s.m.
A ashraf, adj. compar. & superl. (of
Tenderness, compassion (=shafaqat).
sharf), Nobler; noblest; most eminent;s.m. A
person of noble birth, nobleman; gentleman:
P shuftag (abst. s. fr. next), s.f.
ashrafu`l-malqt, The noblest or most
Distraction, perturbation, uneasiness; misery.
excellent of created things, mankind:
ashrafu`n-ns, Noblest of men.
P shufta [perf. part. of shuftan; +rt.
Zend. khshub = S. kshub], part. adj. Distracted,
P ashraf, incor. asharf (said to be so
disturbed, distressed; disordered; uneasy,
called from Ashraf, the king in whose reign the
wretched, miserable; enamoured, deeply in
coin obtained currency), s.f. Name of a gold
love:shufta-l, adj. Distressed in condition,
coin, a gold-mohar; (the value of a Calcutta
embarrassed; distracted, &c. (=shufta):
gold-mohar is about 16 rupees).
shufta-l, s.f. Distress of condition,
embarrassment; state of distraction,
S ram, s.m.= sram, q.v. wretchedness, &c.:shufta-tir, shufta-dil,
adj. Distressed or afflicted in mind, disquieted,
H iar-ml [S. +], uneasy:shufta-damg, shufta-sar, s.f.
s.m.= ispar-ml, q.v. Distraction of mind, or of the senses,
derangement of the mind, madness:shufta-
S ram, adj.= sram, q.v. zulf, shufta-m, adj. With disordered or
dishevelled hair; shaggy:shufta-tab`,
shufta-damg, shufta-sar, adj. Distracted in
S aaran, adj.= asara, q.v. mind, head or brain:shufta-tab`,
s.f.=shufta-damg.
H ar, s.m.= aru, ara, q.v.
P ushaq, s. Gum ammoniac, galbanum.
S ray, s.m.= sr, q.v. A ashqiy, s.m. pl. (of shaq), Thieves,
malefactors.
H rait, s.m.= srait, q.v.
P ashk (=S. ), s.m. A tear; tears;ashk-
S aarr, adj. Incorporeal; afshn, ashk-br, part. act. Shedding tears,
unembodied. weeping, mourning:ashk-br, s.f. Weeping.

P shkr, = P shkra, [Pehl.

S is, s.f.= ass, q.v.
S ushas, s.f.= ush, q.v.
S aisha, part. adj.= asishta,
q.v.
A ash`r, s.m. pl. (of she`r), Verses,
poems.
A ashe`a, s.f. pl. (of sho``, rt. ) ,
Rays of light.
A ashgl, s.m. pl. (of shagl),
Occupations, employments, labours, cares.
H ushgul [A. ushgla, rt. ], s.m. be unfolded; to become public; to be exposed.
Lit. 'That with which one is diverted'; tale,
story, fable; fiction, fabrication, lie.
ashkrak, Zend ka; cf. gh], adj. Apparent,
manifest, clear, plain, open, public, known,
revealed:shkra karn, v.t. To make
manifest, clear or plain, to explain; to unfold, to
make known; to reveal; to declare, disclose,
divulge; to make public; to expose:shkra
hon, v.n. To be made known, be revealed; to
be unfolded; to become public; to be exposed.
P shkra, = P shkr, [Pehl.
ashkrak, Zend ka; cf. gh], adj. Apparent,
manifest, clear, plain, open, public, known,
revealed:shkra karn, v.t. To make
manifest, clear or plain, to explain; to unfold, to
make known; to reveal; to declare, disclose,
divulge; to make public; to expose:shkra
hon, v.n. To be made known, be revealed; to
H aak = aakta, q.v.

113
A ashkl, s.f. pl. (of shakl), Forms,
figures, shapes, appearances, semblances.
A ishkl [inf. n. iv of ' to become
dubious'], Ambiguity, difficulty, suspicion,
painfulness.
H ishkln (from ishkl), v.t. To excite
suspicion; to deceive, tempt, delude, to
wheedle.
S lesh, vulg. alesh, s.m.
Embracing, embrace, intwining; intimate
connection.
S alesh, = H
alekh, s.m. (f. in Sanskrit), The ninth
Nakshatra or lunar mansionfive stars near the
southern claw of Cancer.

A P ishkl, s.m. One who excites doubts H alekh, = S

or difficulties.
S aakta, adj. Unable,
incompetent, powerless, helpless.
S aakti, s.f. Inability,
incapability, impotence, weakness,
helplessness.
S akta, adj.= sakt, q.v.
alesh, s.m. (f. in Sanskrit), The ninth
Nakshatra or lunar mansionfive stars near the
southern claw of Cancer.
S ushma, s.m. = S ushm,
s.f. Heat; warmth of temper, anger;ushma,
adj. Hot:ushma-ja, s.m. Lit. 'Heat-born'; any
animal generated by heat (as gnats, flies, insects
in a dunghill, &c.):ushma-kl, s.m. The hot
season, summer.

S ushm, s.f. = S ushma,

S akti, s.f.= sakti, q.v.
s.m. Heat; warmth of temper, anger;ushma,
adj. Hot:ushma-ja, s.m. Lit. 'Heat-born'; any
S aikshit, part. adj. Untaught, animal generated by heat (as gnats, flies, insects
illiterate, ignorant. in a dunghill, &c.):ushma-kl, s.m. The hot
season, summer.
S aakun, s.m.= asagun, q.v.
S ushmat, s.f. Heat, warmth
S aakun, adj. Boding ill-luck, (=ushat).
inauspicious, portentous;s.m. An ill-omen.
A ishmm [inf. n. iv of ' to smell'], s.m.
Diffusing odour, shedding perfume; (Gram.)
S aakya, adj. Impracticable, giving to a quiescent consonant a slight sound
impossible. or smack of amma or kasra, but so as not to
lengthen the syllable or make an additionable
H aagun, = H syllable, as in esh.
aagn, s.m.= asagun, q.v.
S amar, s.f. Strangury, stone or
H aagn, = H gravel (the disease).
aagun, s.m.= asagun, q.v.
A ashmal, adj. compar. & superl. (of
H aagn, adj.= aakun, shmil), More, most, or very comprehensive;
more perfect; most perfect or complete;
q.v. surpassing, transcendent.
A ashall (rt.
), adj. Having a disjointed,
S aan, = S an, see
withered or paralytic hand.
asan or san (the tree so called).
H alok, ilok [S.
S an, = S aan, see
], s.m. Verse, stanza; couplet, distich,
asan or san (the tree so called).
poetry; hymn of praise; panegyric:alok-
kah`, s.f. A present from the female relatives
S usha, s.m. Heat, warmth; the hot
of the bride to the bridegroom for reciting some
verses called han (syn. gazal-pahw`). season;adj. Hot, warm; pungent, acrid.

114
 trooper (=aswr):awa-yuj, s.f. The first lunar
P shn, s. com. gend. Acquaintance; friend; mansion.
associate; intimate friend, familiar; lover,
sweetheart; paramour; mistress, concubine; S aiv, adj.= asiv, q.v.
adj. Acquainted (with, -se), knowing, known;
attached (to), fond (of):shn-parast, adj.
Friendly, attentive to friends, sociable, S aw (fem. of awa), s.f. A mare.
obliging:shn-r, s.m.f. An apparent or
outward friend:shn hon, v.n. To become S ws, s.m.= sws, q.v.
very friendly; to become tame or domesticated
(an animal; syn. hil-jn). P shob, shb [+rt. Zend khshub = S.
], s.m. Tumult, clamour; storm, tempest;
H ann [S. , rt. ], s.m.
terror; misfortune; inflammation of the eyes; an
Bathing, ablution, purification; (also written impostor;part. adj. (used in comp.) exciting.
asnn):ann-dhyn, s.m. Bathing and
religious meditation, daily worship (of a
Hind). S aobh, s.f.= asobh, q.v.

P shn`, s.f. Acquaintance, friendship, S avattha, s.m.= aswattha,

intimacy, familiarity; connection, relationship; q.v.
connection by marriage; illicit love, carnal
intercourse:shn` paid karn, shn`
S ao, s.m. Absence of care,
karn (-se), To make acquaintance (with), make
friends (with), strike up a friendship (with); to &c.= aso, q.v.
form an attachment or an intimacy (with); to
form an unlawful attachment or connection S aau, s.m. Impurity, &c.=
(with):ashn` lagn, shn` hon, v.n. To asau, q.v.
become friends (with), become intimate (with),
to be united in friendship (with).
S aok, s.m. & adj.= asok and
P shnyna, adv. In a friendly manner; asog, q.v. The tree Jonesia aoka:
through friendship; like a friend. aoksham (aoka+asham), s.m. The eighth
day in the first half of the month ait (April-
May), when a festival in honour of Vinu is
S ushat, s.f. Heat, warmth
observed, part of the ceremonial of which
(=usha). consists in drinking water with the buds of
Asoka in it.
S aanka, adj.= asank, q.v.
S win, s.m. The sixth Hind
S ank, s.f.= sank, q.v. month (Sept.-Oct.?)= sin, q.v.

H ushann, v.n.= usann, q.v. S avin, s.f.= aswin, q.v.

A ashhd, s.m. pl. (of shhid),

S ushnsh, s.m. Turban; diadem.
Witnesses, eye-witnesses.

S awa, s.m. Horse (=P. asp): A ishhd [inf. n. iv of ' to give

awrh (awa+rha), s.m. Lit. Mounted on evidence'], s.m. Taking to witness; adducing as
horseback'; a horseman:awa-pati, s.m. Lit. evidence, bringing proof.
'Lord or master of horses'; a horseman; a person
of rank attended by horsemen:awa-rakshak, A ashhab, adj. Grey, ash-coloured; of a
s.m. Horse-keeper, groom:awa-l, s.f. black and white colour.
Stable:awa-gandh, s.f. The plant Physalis
flexuosa (=asgandh, q.v.):awa-medh, s.m. A ashhadu (1st pers. sing. aor. of ), I
The actual or emblematic sacrifice of a horse bear witness, I testify, I declare.
(this sacrifice is held to be one of the highest
order, and when performed a hundred times it A ashhar, adj. compar. & superl. (of
entitles the sacrificer to the dominion of swarga shahr = mashhr), More, and most, apparent,
or Paradise):awa-vra, s.m. Horseman,

115
notorious, celebrated, &c.; better, and best, absolutely; in proper person, personally (opp. of
known. wiklata).

S ay, s.m.= say, q.v. A ab, s.m. pl. (of ib),

Lords, masters, possessors; grandees;
A ashy, s.f. pl. (of shai), Things, companions, disciples (of Moammad),
effects, chattels. apostles, friends:ab-i-`ilm, s.m. Learned
men, the learned:ab-i-kibr, The great
P shiyn, = P shiyna, [Zend companions (of Moammad), the four Khalifs
+shayana, rt. khshi = S. ], s.m. Nest (of a immediately succeeding Moammad:ab-
i-guzn, The chosen companions (of the
bird, &c.).
Prophet)=ab-i-kibr:ab-i-kahf, The
companions of the Cave, the Seven Sleepers
P shiyna, = P shiyn, [Zend
(famed in Oriental romance).
+shayana, rt. khshi = S. ], s.m. Nest (of a
bird, &c.). A idr [inf. n. iv of ' to issue or
proceed' (from)], s.m. Producing, issuing,
S ur, s.f.= usr, q.v. causing to emanate; appearing.

A irr [inf. n. iv of ' to make a

H r-bd, = H
prolonged sound,' &c.], s.m. Persevering;
r-baan, s.m. Blessing, &c.= persisting (in); perseverance; obstinacy.
asr-bd, q.v.
A irf [inf. n. iv of ' to turn'; to
H r-baan, = H exchange; to expend'], s.m. Expenditure; waste,
extravagance, prodigality:isrf karn, v.t. To
r-bd, s.m. Blessing, &c.= expend; to squander, waste, dissipate, &c.
asr-bd, q.v.
A itibg [inf. n. viii of ' to dye; to
H as, = H s, dip], s.m. Dyeing, staining; dipping, immersion,
baptism (=baptizma).
s.f.= is, q.v.:smay, adj. Blessed;
abounding in blessing.
A itabal, atabal, s.m. A stable (see
istabal).
H s, = H as,
s.f.= is, q.v.:smay, adj. Blessed; A uturlb, s.f. An astrolabe (see
abounding in blessing. usturlb).

S aesh, = H aekh, A itil [inf. n. viii of ' to be good,

adj.= asesh, q.v. suitable, agreeable,' &c.], s.f. Phrase,
phraseology, idiom, usage; accepted
H aekh, = S aesh, signification, conventional meaning;
conventional term, technical term.
adj.= asesh, q.v.
A itilt, s.f. pl. (of itil),
S al, adj. Ill-behaved; bad- Phrases, idioms; conventional terms,
natured. technicalities.

A agir, adj. pl. (of agar), Small, A itil, adj. Phraseological,

little; mean, contemptible; poor.
A alat (inf. n. of ' to be firm'), s.f. meaning.
Firmness, the being well-rooted; genuineness;
integrity; constancy; solidity of judgment;
essentiality; nobleness.
A alata (acc. of alat), adv.
Originally, radically; firmly; entirely;
idiomatic; conventional, technical:itil
ma`n, s.f. The conventional or secondary
A agar, adj. compar. & superl. (of
agr), Less, least, smallest; very little;the
minor term in a logical proposition.
A aaf, s.m. The caper tree, Capparis
spinosa.

116
 A ala, adj. compar. & superl. (of
A af, prop. n.m. af:af-bin- leh), Better; best; most correct; most
bariya (or simply af), The name of a man advisable.
said to have been Solomon's vazr:afu`-d-
daula, The af of the state (a title generally H alo, adv.= ala, q.v.
given to a vazr):af-r`e, adj. Prudent as
af. A al, Radical, fundamental, primitive,
primary, original; essential, elementary;
A afr, s.m. pl. (of ifr), Ciphers. intrinsic, inherent, innate, natural, real, true,
genuine, unaffected; native, own, individual;
A afar, adj. Yellow; saffron-coloured. pure, unalloyed; of good stock or breed;
material, important, principal, capital (cf. al
P ifahn, prop. n.= isfahn, q.v. and al):al zamn, s.f. Original land,
exclusive of subsequent additions, as from
A afiy, s.m. pl. (of ), The pure, the alluvial deposits:al qmat, s.f. Original
just. the holy; saints. value or price; real value:al g`o, s.m. The
A al, s.f. Bottom, root, origin, base, original or chief village, of which other villages
foundation; original, source; an essential, a are the offshoots, and that on which the revenue
fundamental principle; essence; element, was originally assessed.
principle; chief thing, main point, original or
old state or condition; original or primary A alyat, s.f. Originality, essentiality,
signification; original copy (of a work or reality, genuineness, pureness, nobleness.
document); a radical letter (as distinguished
from an augmentative); reality, fact, truth; race, A aamm, adj. Deaf; (in Arith.) surd (opp.
stock, lineage; a man of good stock, a thorough- of muntiq; e.g. jar-i-aamm, 'the square root of
bred gentleman; capital, stock-in-trade, a surd').
principal;adj. Radical, original, fundamental,
&c.=al, q.v.:al ma`e-sd, Principal and A anf, s.f. pl. (of inf), Sorts,
interest:al-e-man`a, s.f. A postulate:al- kinds, varieties.
me, adv. (=dar al), In fact, in effect, in
reality, really, actually; positively, A awt, s.f. pl. (of aut), Sounds,
absolutely:al-nm, s.m. Real name (in contr. voices, noises; interjections.
to `urf or alias):al naf`, s.m. Real or clear
gain, net profit:al-o-far`, s.f. Root and A ul, s.f. m.(?) pl. (of al), Roots,
branch; cause and effect:al geh hai, The fact fundamentals, essentials, elements, first
of the matter is this, &c. principles; causes, general or universal laws;
doctrines, tenets; breeding, manners;a
A ala, al (acc. of al), adv. Ever, at musical mode or tone:ul-o-furo`, s.f. Roots
any time, at all; by any means; in the least; and branches; causes and effects.
absolutely; entirely, wholly, altogether:ala-
mutlaqa (with neg.), adv. By no means, A ahr, s.m.f. pl. (of ehr),
absolutely never. Relations by marriage (within the prohibited
degrees).
A il [inf. n. iv of ' to be good,'
&c.], s.f. Correction, improvement, amendment, A al, adj. Of good stock, lineage or
emendation, adjustment; revision;dressing or pedigree, of good family, well-born, noble; of
trimming the beard; the hair on the chin:il pure breed; game (cock); gentle, free from vice;
bann or ban-den, To trim or dress the high-spirited;s.f. A maid-servant who is free
beard; to shave the chin:il-par, adj. (in contr. to laun a 'purchased slave').
Capable of correction or remedy, remediable:
il-par hon, To be remediable; to be or P ifat [for A. , inf. n. iv of ' to
become corrected:il den, v.t. To correct, incline' (to)], s.f. Lit. 'the annexation'; (in
amend, improve, rectify, reform, cure; to Gram.), prefixing a noun to a noun, so that the
correct or improve penmanship or former governs the latter in the genitive case
composition:il karn, v.t.=il den: (e.g. gulm-i-Zaid, 'the slave of Zaid'); the
connection of a noun so prefixed with its
il len (-se), To be corrected (by); to have (a
complement; the short vowel kasra between two
thing, especially writing or composition)
nouns in the formation of the genitive case, or
corrected (by).

117
on the addition of an adjective; addition, atrf-i-shahr, s.f. Environs of a city or town,
adjunct, &c.=ifa, q.v. suburbs.

P ifa (=ifat), s.m. Addition, A P atrf, adj. Extreme, outer, outlying,

annexation; increase, augmentation; increment, limitary, limiting, &c.:atrf rawann, s.m. A
adjunct; accretion; surplus, excess; attribute; pass for the transit of dutiable goods beyond the
allowance, scholarship:ifa karn, v.t. To limits of the custom stations.
augment, increase.
H itr-phal, = H itr-fal,
A itirb [inf. n. viii of ' to beat'], s.m.= itr-phal, q.v.
s.m. Agitation, perturbation, restlessness,
distraction, anxiety, anguish, trouble, chagrin; H itr-fal, = H itr-phal,
precipitation; flurry. s.m.= itr-phal, q.v.

A P itirb, s.f. Agitation; hurry, A at`ema, s.m. pl. (of ta`m), Meats,
impatience, precipitation. viands, victuals.

A itirr, s.m. = A P itirr, A itf [inf. n. iv of ' to become

s.f. [inf. n. viii of ' to injure'], Violence, extinguished' (fire)], s.m. Extinction or
compulsion, constraint; agitation, perturbation; quenching (of fire).
despair, the last extremity.
A atfl, s.m. pl. (of ), Children,
A P itirr, s.f. = A itirr, offspring, family.
s.m. [inf. n. viii of ' to injure'], Violence,
compulsion, constraint; agitation, perturbation; A ittil` [inf. n. viii of ' to rise, ascend,
despair, the last extremity. appear'], s.f. Manifesting, declaring;
announcement, notice, information, intimation,
A a`f, adj. pl. (of e`f), Double. advice, notification; knowledge, cognizance,
insight, acquaintance:ittil` karn (se), To
A i`f [inf. n. iv of ' to exceed'], inform or apprize (of), acquaint (with); to
s.m. Doubling, duplication. report; to announce, notify; to intimate; to make
known; to refer (to); to direct:ittil`-mand,
A a`af, adj. compar. & superl. (of adj. Acquainted (with), apprized (of), informed
a`if), More, or most, powerless or helpless; (of):ittil`-nma, s.m. A written notification
very weak; very helpless. or declaration, written notice; a summons or
citation:ittil` hon (-par), To be known (to);
A al`, s.f. Ribs; sides (of a figure); to come to the knowledge or cognizance (of):
districts, divisions (of land); convexities; ittil`-yb, s.f. Receipt or acknowledgment of a
arches. notification, notice, or intimation, &c.

A it`at [inf. n. iv of ' to be or become A ittil`a, vulg. itl`a (acc. of ittil`),

submissive'], s.f. Obedience, submission, adv. By way of announcement or intimation; for
subjection, subordination, fealty, allegiance; information.
observance; reverence, worship, homage;
obsequiousness:it`at karn (-k), To obey, A P ittil`, adj. That gives intimation or
do the bidding (of); to submit (to); to observe; information; for the purpose of announcing,
to comply (with); to serve, pay homage (to); to apprising, or giving notice.
worship.
A itlq [inf. n. iv of ' to become
P atlq, s.m.= atlq, q.v. loosed'], s.m. Loosing, setting at liberty;
divorcing, repudiating; disengagedness,
A atibb, s.m. pl. (of tabb), freedom; application, reference; rendering
Physicians. absolute or universal:itlq rakhn (-se), To be
separate (from), to be independent (of); to
A atrf, s.f. pl. (of taraf),but used correspond (with), to be applicable (to);itlq
as a sing.Extremities, ends, sides, skirts, karn (-par), To apply (to); to use (a word or
confines, environs, limits, boundaries; outlying phrase in a certain sense).
districts, districts;adj. Limiting, extreme:
A atlas, s.m. f. (?), Satin.

118
 writer, an officer of the court who takes down
A atlas, adj. Of satin; made of satin; like depositions.
satin.
A azhar, adj. compar. & superl. (of
A itm` [inf. n. iv of ' to covet'], s.m. zhir), Clearer; clearest; more evident; very
Strong desire, longing, covetousness. evident:azhar min ash-shamsi, Clearer than
the sun.
A itmnn [inf. n. iv of ' to be or
become at rest'], s.m. Quiet, rest, repose, calm, P e`dat, s.f. = P e`da, s.m. [for A.
peace, tranquillity, composure; content, , inf. n. iv of ' to return' (to)], Performing
satisfaction; security; assurance, confidence, (a thing) a second time, repetition, revision;
reliance, trust; surety, guarantee:itmnn returning; reversion; visiting the sick.
karn, v.t. To trust (in), rely (on), feel assured
(of); to believe (in), to credit:itmnn-ke P e`da, s.m. = P e`dat, s.f. [for A.
l`iq, adj. Trustworthy, reliable; satisfactory; , inf. n. iv of ' to return' (to)], Performing
sure:itmnn hon (-ko), To feel reassured, (a thing) a second time, repetition, revision;
feel at ease; to be satisfied. returning; reversion; visiting the sick.

A atnb, s.f. pl. (of tunub), Tent- P e`nat [for A. , inf. n. iv of ;v.n.
ropes. ` aun, 'help'], Help, aid, assistance, succour
(syn. madad); favour, countenance, patronage.
A atwr, s.m. pl. (of taur), Manners,
modes, methods; ways, behaviour, practice, A e`tq [inf. n. iv of ' to become free'],
habits, conduct, deportment; dealings, mode of s.m. Liberation, manumission, emancipation.
business.
A atwal, adj. compar. & superl. (of A e`tibr [inf. n. viii of ' to try or
tl), Longer; longest; very long; prolix. examine'], s.m. Confidence, trust, reliance,
faith, belief; respect, esteem, repute; credit,
A athr, adj. pl. (of ), Pure, chaste; authority, credibility; weight, importance;
s.m. The pure. regard, respect, view, consideration,
reference:e`tibr rakhn (-k), e`tibr karn (-
A ithr [inf. n. iv of ' to become pure'], k), To give credit (to), to believe, trust, rely
s.m. Purifying; purification. (upon), confide (in), depend (upon); to respect,
hold in esteem;to feel assured, confident,
A azlam, adj. compar. & superl. (of &c.:e`tibr-se rij, adj. Beyond belief or
zlim), More, most, or very unjust, tyrannical or credit, incredible, untrustworthy:e`tibr
oppressive, &c. khon, v.n. To lose credit or repute.

A izhr [inf. n. iv of ' to appear, be A e`tibr, adj. Of credit, creditable,

manifest,' &c.], s.m. Manifestation, revelation, trustworthy, worthy of confidence, credible;
disclosure, demonstration, publication, display, reputable; confidential, trusty.
declaration; statement, declaration in a court of
justice or before police officers; information; A e`tidl [inf. n. viii of ' to act
examination of a witness, deposition, evidence, equitably,' &c.], s.m. Temperateness,
written testimony:izhr-i-tar, s.m. moderation; evenness, equilibrium; symmetry;
Deposition in writing; written testimony (opp. the happy mean (in quantity or quality);
of izhr-i-zabn):izhr den, v.t. To give frugality, temperance, sobriety; a state (of
publicity (to); to make a deposition; to depose, health, &c.) in which the four humours are well
testify, give evidence, bear witness (to):izhr balanced, sound health:e`tidl-par rahn, To
salm, s.m. A complimentary (but illegal) fee follow the happy mean; to observe moderation,
paid to the writer of a deposition:izhr-i- &c.:e`tidl-par rahn (mizj-k), To be in a
qnn, s.m. Legal declaration; statement good or sound state of health.
conformable to law:izhr karn, v.t. To
disclose, reveal, expose; to publish, make P e`tidl, s.f.= e`tidl, q.v.
known, notify; to declare, affirm; to describe,
explain:izhr len (-k), To take the A e`tir [inf. n. viii of ' to excuse'],
deposition (of); to examine (a witness):izhr- s.m. Excuse, apology:e`tizr-nma, s.m.
nma, s.m. Notification, announcement; Letter of apology.
manifesto:izhr-navs, s.m. A deposition

119
A e`tizr, adj. & s.m. Apologizing; e`timd karn (-par), To place reliance (on),
one who apologizes. rely (on), depend (on), to confide (in), trust,
believe; to rest or incline (on):e`timd
A e`tir [inf. n. viii of ' to place karn, v.t. To cause to be trusted or believed.
(something) before one'], s.f. Opposition;
refusing assent, objecting; objection; criticism, A e`timd, adj. & s.m. To be trusted or
animadversion, strictures, fault-finding; relied on or believed, reliable, trustworthy;
displeasure:e`tir-i-bita, s.f. A technical one in whom confidence is placed, a
objection:e`tir karn (-par), To object (to), trustworthy person.
animadvert (on), criticize; carp (at), find fault
(with), to call in question, dispute, take A e`tin [inf. n. viii of ' to disquiet'], s.f.
exception (to), impugn; to protest against. Disquietude, anxiety, care; attention; study,
labour, taking pains.
A P e`tirz, s.f.= e`tir, q.v.;
adj. & s.m. Objecting, &c.;one who objects. A e`jz [inf. n. iv of ' to lack strength'
(for), &c.], s.m. Disappointment; wonder,
A e`tirf [inf. n. viii of ' to know'], astonishment, amazement, surprise, a
s.m. Acknowledgment, avowal, confession: miracle:e`jz-i-mas`, A cure as
e`tirf karn (-k), To acknowledge, &c. miraculous as the cures of the Messiah, a
miraculous cure.
A e`tizz [inf. n. viii of ' to be strong,'
&c.], s.m. Prevalence; excellence. A u`jba, s.m. A wonderful thing,
wonder, miracle, prodigy.
A e`tizl [inf. n. viii of ' to put or set
apart'], s.m. Secession, dissent; withdrawing A a`d, s.m. pl. (of ` ad), Enemies,
from office; abdication. foes.

A e`tim [inf. n. viii of ' to preserve A a`dd, s.m. pl. (of ` adad),
or keep'], s.m. Preserving oneself from sin, Numbers:a`dd-i-mutab`in, s.m.
abstaining from what is sinful or unlawful. Incommensurable numbers, prime numbers:
a`dd-i-mutadil, s.m. Concordant
A e`tiqd [inf. n. viii of ' to tie firmly'], numbers:a`dd-i-mutamsil, Like or equal
s.m. Confidence, faith, trust, belief; numbers:a`dd-i-mutawfiq, s.m. Composite
dependence:e`tiqd rakhn (-k), To place numbers.
confidence or faith (in), believe (in); rely (on),
trust (in), depend (upon):e`tiqd karn, A a`rb, s.m. The wandering Arabs of the
e`tiqd ln (-k), To bring forward or evince desert.
faith (in), have faith (in), believe, put trust (in);
to become a convert (to), be converted (to). A e`rb [inf. n. iv of ' to become
chaste' (Arabic)], s.m. The vowels or diacritical
A e`tiqd, adj. & s.m. Having faith (in), points in Arabic.
believing (in);one who has faith, &c.; one in
whom faith is placed, trustworthy person. A a`rb, s.m. An Arab of the desert.

A e`tikf [inf. n. viii of ' to keep
constantly or perseveringly' (to)], s.m.
Continuing in prayer (in the temple or mosque);
retirement, seclusion (for devotion, in a place of
worship, especially at Mecca); restraining or
curbing the passions from religious motives (as
in Lent):e`tikf-me baihn, To sit secluded
in a temple or mosque, abstaining from worldly
affairs, &c., and engaging in devotional
exercises; to retire from the world (=duny
tygn).
A e`timd [inf. n. viii of ' to prop or
support'], s.m. Reliance, dependence, trust,
confidence, faith:e`timd rakhn (-par),
A e`rj [inf. n. iv of ' to limp'], s.m.
Making lame, crippling.
A e`r [inf. n. iv of ' to turn'], s.m.
Turning aside (from), flying (from), avoiding;
aversion, dislike:e`r karn (-se), To turn
(from), to avoid, shun; to decline; to be averse
(from).
A a`rf, s.m. Purgatory (according to
Moammadans), a wall intervening between
heaven and hell.
A a`raj, adj. Lame by nature, lame;s.m.
A cripple from birth.

120
 A a`yn, s.f. pl. (of ` ain), Eyes;s.m.
A e`zz [inf. n. iv of ' to become Grandees, nobles.
honourable,' &c.], s.m. Honouring, magnifying;
honour, respect, esteem, attention (=`izzat). T g, s.m. Lord, chief, master (= q); a
Mogal,generally a Mogal trader from Kbul.
A a`izza, adj. pl. (of ` azz), Very
excellent, worthy, or dear, most excellent, most A agrqn (Gr. Arabicized),
dear. s. Common agaric, Boletus igniarius.

A a`b, s.m. pl. (of ` aab), P gz (+S. rt. gh), s.m. Beginning,
Nerves, tendons, sinews. commencement:gz karn, v.t. To make a
beginning, to begin:gz hon, v.n. To
A a`, s.m. pl. (of ` ao), Members, commence, begin to be.
limbs, organs; membrum virile:a`z-e-tan-
sul, s.m. Organs of generation:a`-e-ra`sa, A igtinm [inf. n. viii of ' to carry off as
s.m. The vital parts (the heart, brain, liver, plunder'], s.m. Taking or seizing as plunder or
testicles). as a prize; seizing, carrying off.

A a`zam, adj. compar. & superl. (of A agr, s.m. pl. (of gara),
`azm), Greater; greatest; very great. Motives, aims, &c. (see gara).
A a`l = a`l, q.v.
A igrq [inf. n. iv of ' to sink'], s.m.
A e`lm [inf. n. iv of ' to know'], s.m. Causing to sink or drown, drowning,
Proclaiming, indicating, announcing; teaching; submersion; (in rhetoric) exaggerated praise or
distinguishing oneself (in battle); distinction; censure.
notification, notice, citation, warrant.
P gashta, gishta [perf. part. of gashtan;
A e`ln [inf. n. iv of ' to become +S. rt. gar or ghar], part. adj. Moistened,
public'], s.m. Divulging, manifesting, macerated; mixed, polluted.
publishing; publication; declaration;
proclamation. P gil (also agil), s.m. Enclosure for sheep,
sheepcote.
A a`lam, adj. compar. and superl. (of
`lim), Wiser; wisest; very wise. A iglq [inf. n. iv of ' to shut, close,'
&c.], s.m. Abstruseness; obstacle;adj.
A a`l, adj. compar. & superl. (of ` l), Abstruse.
Higher, superior, upper, greater; highest, most
high, most exalted, greatest, supreme, A agll, s.m. pl. (of gull), Yokes,
paramount, preminent, most sublime; lofty, chains (for the neck).
eminent, chief, principal:a`l darje-ka, adj.
Of high rank or degree. A iglm [inf. n. iv of ' to be lustful'],
s.m. Inflaming with desire, provoking to
A a`m, adj.= a`m, q.v. venery;sodomy.
A a`ml, s.m. pl. (of ` amal), Actions, A iglm, s.m. A sodomite (syn. laune-
acts, deeds, doings:a`ml-nma, s.m. Register bz).
of one's doings or conduct; the register in which
the deeds of men are supposed to be recorded.
A aglab, adj. & adv. (compar. & superl. of
glib), More, or most, likely; most
A e`ml [inf. n. iv of ' to work'], s.m.
probable; very probably:aglab hai, It is most,
Causing, or teaching, to act or operate;
or very probable (that, -ki).
applying.

A a`m, adj. Blind; ignorant;s.m. A A agal-bagal [P. bagal, redupl.], adv.

desert.
A a`wn, s.m. pl. (of ` aun), Aids,
helps; assistants, aiders.
On this side and that, right and left:agal-
bagal-k, adj. Pertaining to this side and that,
&c.
A igm [inf. n. iv of ' to connive'
(at)], s.m. Connivance, neglect; dissimulation;

121
winking (at), ogling, coquetry;
superciliousness:igm karn (-k), To wink
(at), connive (at), to overlook, shut the eyes
(to), to pass unnoticed or unheeded, to pass over
or by; to refrain from, to omit.
A P igm, adj. & s.m. Supercilious,
fastidious; proud, arrogant;one who is
supercilious, &c., a coxcomb. (N.B. The use of
this word appears to be confined to Soutnern
India.)
A agniy, s.m. pl. (of gan), The rich; inf. n. iv of ' to sob, breathe hard,' &c.],
independent people.
A igw [inf. n. iv of ' to err'], s.m.
Leading astray; seduction; solicitation,
temptation, instigation: igw karn, v.t. To lead
astray, seduce, tempt, &c.
P gosh [+rt. Zend gush = S. guh?], s.f.
Embrace; bosom.
benefiting; tenour, purport; explanation;
teaching, instruction; conveying a meaning or
signification, denoting.
A afgina, s.m. pl. (of P. afgn), The
people of Afgnistn, the Afgn race.
A fq, s.m. pl. (of ufq, or ufuq),
Horizons; quarters of the heavens; quarters of
the world; regions.
P ifqat, s.f. = P ifqa, s.m. [for A. ,
Convalescence, recovery from sickness, or from
a swoon, &c.:ifqa hon, v.n. To recover
from sickness, &c.; to be convalescent.
P ifqa, s.m. = P ifqat, s.f. [for A. ,
inf. n. iv of ' to sob, breathe hard,' &c.],
Convalescence, recovery from sickness, or from
a swoon, &c.:ifqa hon, v.n. To recover
from sickness, &c.; to be convalescent.

A agyr, s.m. pl. (of gair), Unknown A fat (rt. ), s.f. Bane, pest, plague; any
persons, strangers, foreigners; rivals. evil affection; evil, disaster, trouble, misfortune,
calamity; wretchedness, misery, hardship,
P agyr, s.f. The state of being a difficulty; (cf. S. pat):fat n (-par), fat
stranger, &c., strangeness; rivalry. (The word pan (-par), fat n (-par), Calamity to
seems to be peculiar to Southern India.) befall, trouble or evil to come (upon); disaster,
or a disturbance, to arise:fat uhn, v.n. To
A uff, intj. (expressive of anxiety, distress of suffer pain, affliction, trouble, &c.; to bear up
mind, vexation, disgust, &c.), Oh! oh dear! against adversity, difficulties, &c.; to raise
alas! ugh! foh! faugh! fye! pish! pooh!s.m. trouble, difficulties, &c.; to create a
Dirt, filth, rubbish; a mere puff or blast of disturbance; to inflict trouble:fat-bhar, adj.
breath, &c. (in this sense the word does not Woful, miserable:fat (or fate) ln, v.t.
occur alone, but in combination with the verbs To interpose difficulties or troubles, to cause
kar-den and ho-jn; see below):uff-re, uff- misfortune:fat-rasda, fat-zada, part. adj. &
re-uff, intj.=uff:uff karn, v.n. To utter the s.m. Overtaken by calamity, involved in
exclamation uff by reason of disquietude, misfortune; unfortunate, wretched;
distress, &c.; to heave a sigh, to sigh, lament; to unfortunate creature, poor wretch:fat-k
signify disapproval or contempt; to pooh-pooh parkl, s.m. A very wicked person; a sharp,
(at), think lightly (of):uff kar-den, v.t. To astute fellow:fat-k ih, s.f. Bad news,
reduce to dirt or dust, to ruin, destroy, reduce to intelligence of a death; a talisman to work
nothing:uff na karn, uff na nikln, v.n. To mischief:fat-me pan, fat-me phasn,
make no sign indicative of distress, vexation, fat-me mubtil hon, v.n. To be involved in
&c., not to breathe a syllable, to endure in misfortune, trouble, &c.; to be overwhelmed
silence; to make no sign of sympathy or with misery, affliction, &c.; to be entangled in
compassion, to shew perfect indifference to difficulties.
distress, &c.:uff ho-jn, v.n. To be reduced
to dirt or dust, to become ruined, destroyed, &c. P ftb, s.m. (f+tb, q.q.v.), s.m. Lit.
'Sunshine'; the sun:ftb-parast, s.m. A
P f [Zend ba, rt. b; S. bh, rt. bh], s.m. worshipper of the sun:ftb-parast, s.f.
The sun; the musk-deer. Worship of the sun:ftb-gr, s.m. Parasol,
umbrella.
A ft, s.f. pl. (of fat), Evils, troubles,
misfortunes, calamities, dangers, &c. (=fate, P ftba, s.m. An ewer, water-pot (=b-
see fat). tba, q.v.).

P ifda [for A. , inf. n. iv of ' to accrue' P ftb (rel. n. of ftb), adj. Of the sun;
(advantage)], s.m. Imparting advantage, like the sun; solar; faded by the sun, yellow;

122
s.f. A parasol of a particular form; a target P afrota [perf. part. of afrotan =
studded with gold; a shield made of tortoise- af+rotan; Zend aibi+rt. ru; S. abhi+ru],
shell; a kind of firework. part. adj. Set on fire, lighted, kindled, inflamed.

P uftd, part.= uftda, q.v.;(as a v.n.) P afroz (imperat. of afrotan; see

s.f. State of helplessness;beginning of life,
childhood.
P uftdag (abst. s. fr. next), s.f. Fall, act
of falling; helplessness, weakness.
P uftda [perf. part. of uftdan; Z. aibi+rt.
pat; S. abhi+pat], part. adj. Fallen, lying flat or
horizontally; lying waste or untilled (land);
poor, wretched, helpless:s.f. Uncultivated
land (but capable of cultivation).
P uftn, part. act. (of uftdan), Falling:
uftn-o-ezn, uftn-khen, adv. Falling and
getting up with great difficulty, &c. (=girte-
pate, q.v.).
P ftw, s.m.= ftbo, q.v. A praise, laud, applaud.
iftir [inf. n. viii of ' to glory'], s.m. Glory,
honour, distinction; elegance, gracefulness:
iftir-nma, s.m. Honouring letter.
afrota), adj. & s.m. Kindling, illuminating,
enlightening; inflaming; kindler, &c. (used in
compn.).
P frda-gr, afrd-gr (see frda),
s.m. The Creator.
P frda [perf. part of frdan; +rt. Zend
fr = S. ], part. adj. Created;s.m. Creature.
P firn, frn [+frn = Zend frna = S.
], s.f. Praise, applause;part. adj. & s.m.
Creating; creator (used in compn. e.g. jahn-
firn, Creator of the world);intj. Bravo! well
done!:frn-sad-frn, Idem (syn. shbsh):
frn karn (-par), To pronounce frn (upon), to
P frnish (abst. s. fr. frn; ish = Zend
she), s.f. Creation.

A iftir [inf. n. viii of ' to cleave; to cut,' P frnanda (frn, q.v.+Zend a = S.

&c.], s.m. f. (?) Calumny, false imputation, anta), part. adj. & s.m. Creating;the Creator.
slander; scandal; fiction.
P afz, = P afz`e, (imperat. & v.n. of
H afr-tafr [A. afzdan; see afzd), adj. Increasing (used in
compn.).
ifrt+ tafrt; root ], s.f. Hurry-skurry;
confusion, disorder; bustle, tumult, commotion,
P afz`e, = P afz, (imperat. & v.n. of
uproar; alarm, consternation, panic; tumultuous
afzdan; see afzd), adj. Increasing (used in
dispersion, stampede.
compn.).
A afrd, s.m. pl. (of fard), Single ones,
P afz`ish, s.f. Act of increasing;
single numbers, individuals; persons; sheets (of
increase, addition.
paper); separate sheets.
P afzyanda (afz, q.v. anda = Zend a =
A ifrd [inf. n. iv of ' to be alone'], s.m.
S. anta), part. adj. Increasing; that which
Withdrawing from society.
increases (used in compn.).
P afrz [imperat. of afrtan =
P afzd [v.n. of afzdan = Zend aiwi+rt.
af+rtan; Zend aibi+rt. rag; S. abhi+langh], u; S. abhi+u], s.m. Increase, addition,
part. adj. Exalting, raising; extolling (used in enlargement; abundance;adj. More, greater,
compn.). additional, superfluous, in excess:afzd hon
(-se), To be more (than), to exceed, surpass, &c.
A ifrt [inf. n. iv of ' to get before'], s.f.
m. (?), Excess, superfluity, abundance, P afzdag (abst. s. fr. afzda, perf. part.
plenty;ifrt-i-alt, ifrt-i-n, s.f. of afzdan), s.f. Increase, addition.
Plethora:ifrt-tafrt, s.f.=afr-tafr, q.v.:
ifrt-se hon, v.n. To abound, be plentiful, to be P afzn (see afzd), adj. Increasing; more;
found in abundance. greater; manifold, much:ofzn hon, v.n. To
increase, enlarge; to rise (in price).
A afranj, adj. & s.m. European, Frank;
a Frank, a native of Europe. P afzn, s.f. Increase, enlargement;
abundance; rise (in price).

123
 detection:ifsh karn (-k), To divulge; to
P afsna [af = Zend aiwi or aibi = S. abhi; expose, lay bare:ifsh hon, To be divulged;
sna, fr. Zend rt. = S. (o)], s.m. Tale, to be discovered or detected.
fiction, story, romance:afsna-n,
afsna-go, s.m. Story-teller, romance-teller: P afshn [part. act. of afshndan; af = Zend
afsna-go`, s.f. Story-telling; the profession of aiwi = S. abhi+caus. of rt. Zend shu = S.],
a story-teller. part. adj. Scattering, strewing, dispersing,
shedding, pouring out (used in compn., e.g. gul-
H afsar (corr. of the English), s.m. afshn, Strewing roses; zar-afshn kga, Paper
Officer, official superior, one who exercises sprinkled with gold);s.f. (=zar afshn), Strips
authority, a superior:afsar-i-a`l, Superior of gold and silver leaf or tinsel, or threads of
officer, highest officer, chief authority:afsar- muqqaish (q.v.) chipped very fine, pasted as
i-bl-dast, Superior officer:afsar-i-parma, ornaments on the forehead or the cheeks of
Custom's officer. women, or on books, letters, &c.

P afsar, s.m.f. Crown, diadem. P afshn (rel. n. fr. afshn, q.v.), adj.
Sprinkled, scattered over, &c.;s.f. Scattering,
P afsurdag (abst. s. fr. next, q.v.), s.f. sprinkling, dispersion:afshn kga = zar-
Frozenness; frigidity, coldness; numbness; afshn kga, q.v.s.v. afshn.
dejection, melancholy, lowness or depression of
spirits. P afshurda [perf. part. of afshurdan; af =
Zend aiwi = S. abhi+Zend rt. khshar = S.
P afsurda [perf. part. of afsurdan; Zend kshar], part. adj. Pressed, squeezed out; filtered.
aibi+areta, rt. ar; S. abhi+rt. ar], part. adj.
Frozen, frigid, benumbed; withered, faded; A afa, adj. compar. & superl. (of
dispirited, dejected, low-spirited, fa), More, or most, eloquent; very eloquent;
melancholy:afsurda-tir, adj. Depressed in speaking very chastely or correctly.
mind, dispirited, afflictedafsurda-dil, adj.
Fainthearted, low-spirited, dejected. A afl, s.m. pl. (of fal), Favours;
virtues, graces, accomplishments.
A afsantn (the Gr. Arabicized),
s.f. Wormwood, Artemisia absynthium. A ifl [inf. n. iv of ' to excel'], s.m.
Causing to excel or to increase; benefiting.
P afsos, s.m. Sorrow, grief, concern;
regret; vexation;intj. Ah! alas! alack! ah me! A afal, adj. compar. & superl. (of
what a pity!:afsos n, afsos karn (-k, or fil), More excellent; most excellent;
par), To feel regret, sorrow, &c., to regret; to preminent; best; highest:afal-tar, Idem.
grieve, sorrow, or sigh (for, or because of), to
lament, bemoan; to take to heart; to express A afalyat, s.f. Excellence,
sorrow or regret (for); to feel or to express pity preminence.
(for).
A iftr [inf. n. iv of ' to break a fast'],
P afsn, s.m. Incantation, charm, spell,
s.m. Breaking a fast; a slight repast with which
verses used in spells or enchantments,
a fast is broken, a light breakfast:iftr karn
fascination, sorcery, witchcraft:afsn aln (-
or kar-len, v.t. To break one's fast in the
par), A charm to work or take effect (upon):
evening after fasting all day (as the Musalmns
afsn karn (-par), To practise charms or
incantations (on), work spells (on), to enchant, do during the month of Raman); to take a
to exorcise, to conjure: (afsn is combined, in slight repast by way of breaking a fast.
the same sense, with pahn, phkn, aln
and mrn):afsn-gar, afsun-sz, s.m. One A P iftr, s.f. Things proper to be eaten
who uses spells, enchanter, sorcerer, wizard, in breaking a fast.
magician:afsn-gar, afsn-sz, s.f.
Enchantment, using of spells; bewitching, A af`l, s.m. pl. (of fe`l), Actions,
fascination; sorcery, &c. (=afsn). deeds; conduct.

A ifsh [inf. n iv of ' to spread abroad'], A af`, vulg. af`a, s.m. Serpent; viper; asp;
s.m. Divulging, disclosing, publishing:ifsh- basilisk.
e-rz, s.m. Divulging, or disclosure, of a secret;

124
P afgn, s.m. Lamentation, &c.= fign, A afwh, s.m. (pl. of fh), Lit. 'Mouths';
q.v. intj. Alas! report, rumour, hearsay, notoriety, fame:
afwh un or u-den, To spread a report; to
P afgn, s.m. A people (called also noise abroad.
Pahns), who inhabit the country to the N.W.
of Lahore. (They pretend to derive their origin, A P afwh, adj. Reported, rumoured,
as well as their name, from Afgn, the reputed noised abroad, famed.
grandson of Malik Tlt, or King Saul.)
H afm [S. +; P. ], s.f.
P afgn, adj. Of or relating to the Opium.
Afgns;s.f. The Afgn language (=Pusht).
H afm, = H afman, = H
A ufq, ufuq, vulg. ufaq, s.m. Horizon; a tract afm, s.m. Opium-eater; (fig.) A sot:afm
or region of the earth; (poet.) the world. i, s.m., Lit. 'Opium-bird'; Opium-eater.

A afkr, s.f. pl. (of fikr), Thoughts, H afman, = H afm, = H

meditations, opinions, counsels. afm, s.m. Opium-eater; (fig.) A sot:afm
i, s.m., Lit. 'Opium-bird'; Opium-eater.
P afgr, adj. Wounded;s.m. A sore (on
the back of a beast of burden). H afm, = H afm, = H
afman, s.m. Opium-eater; (fig.) A sot:afm
P afgan (part. act. of afgandan, see i, s.m., Lit. 'Opium-bird'; Opium-eater.
afganda), adj. Casting, throwing down; casting
forth (used in compn.). A afyn (P. apyn, Arabicized),
s.f.= afm, q.v.
P afgandag (abst. s. fr. next), s.f.
Throwing, casting, overthrowing. A afyn, adj. & s.m.= afm, q.v.
P afganda (perf. part. of afgandan =
af+Pehl. kantan = Zend aibi+rt. kan = T q, s.m. Lord, master, owner (= g.
S.+rt. ), part. adj. Thrown, overthrown, q.v.).
cast forth.
A aqrib, s.m. pl. (of qarb),
A ifls [inf. n. iv of ' to be powerless, Relatives, kindred.
needy,' &c.], s.m. Poverty, need, want, penury,
indigence. A aqqiy (Gr. Arabicized), s.m.
Acacia; the expressed juice of the fruit of the
A P ifls, s.f. incorr. for ifls, q.v. Acacia tree, or of the qulqul (or qilqil).

A afltn (Gr. Arabicized), A aqlm, s.m. pl. (of iqlm), Climes,

prop. n. Plato; an epithet applied to a boaster:
afltn-k sl, s.m. A person of overweening
pride, an arrogant, disdainful man:afltn-k
nt, s.m. Boaster=afltn.
A aflk, s.m. pl. (of falak), The
heavens, heavenly bodies; celestial orbs or
spheres.
A aflk, adj. Heavenly, celestial; relating
to the heavenly bodies.
A afwj, s.f. pl. (of fauj), Armies,
forces, hosts; crowds:afwj-i-bar, afwj-i-
tar, afwj-i-jahz, s.f. Naval forces, the
navy:afwj-i-ushk, s.f. Land forces,
army:afwj-i-shaytn, s.f. (met.) A host of
children.
regions.
A iqmat [inf. n. iv of ' to be at a stand'],
s.f. Resting, staying; abode, residence,
dwelling.
A iqbl [inf. n. iv of ' to receive
favourably,' &c.], s.m. Prosperity, good fortune,
auspices, felicity; prestige;acceptance (of a
bond, bill, &c.); admission of a claim, &c.),
confession, acknowledgment; acquiescence,
assent:iqbl-i-da`w, Confession of
judgment; admission of a claim:iqbl-mand,
adj. Prosperous, of good fortune, fortunate,
happy, felicitous, lucky, auspicious:iqbl-
mand, s.f. Prosperity, good fortune,
auspiciousness:iqblu-hu, His good fortune,
&c.; iqblu-hum, Their good fortune, &c.

125
A iqtibs [inf. n. viii of ' to obtain,
acquire' (fire, &c.)], s.m. Obtaining or
borrowing (fire from another); obtaining,
acquiring, procuring, gaining; asking, begging;
quotation.
A iqtid [inf. n viii of ' to be near'], s.f.
Following as an example, imitating,
imitation:iqtid karn, v.t. To imitate, copy
(an example, &c.).
iqrr-nma-i-slis, s.m. An agreement to abide
by the decision of arbitrators to whom a dispute
is referred for final settlement.
A iqrr, adj. & s.m. Assenting;
promissory;one who assents, confesses, or
acknowledges.
A aqrn, s.m. pl. (of qarn), Equals (in
age, rank, &c.), contemporaries.

A iqtidr [inf. n. viii of ' to make great,'
&c.], s.m. Power, authority, control; might,
ability; excellence, dignity, rank:iqtidr
rakhn, To possess or have the power (for), to
be able, competent, &c.
A iqtism [inf. n. viii of ' to divide'],
s.m. Division, partition.
A iqtir [inf. n. viii of ' to draw in,
diminish,' &c.], s.m. Abbreviation, &c.
(= itir, q.v.); determining or fixing
the bounds of anything; failing, wasting.
A aqrab, adj. compar. & superl. (of
qarb), Nearer; nearest; most near;s.m. A near
relative.
A aqrib, s.m. pl. (of qarb), Near
relations, kindred, relatives, kinsfolk; friends;
allies.
A aqst, s.f. pl. (of qist), Portions;
instal ments.
A aqsm, s.f. m. (?) pl. (of qism), Sorts,
kinds, various sorts, different kinds.

A iqti [inf. n. viii of ' to determine, A aq, = A aq, adj. superl. (of
decree,' &c.], s.m. Requirement, demand, claim, qa), Very remote; most distant; extreme; the
requisition, exigency:iqti dn`-k yeh hai extreme, extremely.
(ki), Wisdom requires or demands (that).
A aq, = A aq, adj. superl. (of
A iqdm [inf. n. iv of ' to go before or qa), Very remote; most distant; extreme; the
forward'], s.m. Sending on before, causing to go extreme, extremely.
before; pushing forward; boldness, intrepidity,
audacity, resolution, firmness, spirit; endeavour, A iqt` [inf. n. iv of ' to cut off'], s.m.
effort, diligence, attention:iqdm karn (- Cutting, dividing, severing, lopping off;
par), To enter boldly (upon), go boldly forward assignment of land (from a prince to a subject,
(in), resolutely undertake; to advance (against). &c.); a tract of land so assigned.

A aqdas, adj. superl. (from ' to be
holy'), Most holy or sacred; very holy, very
sacred.
A iqrr [inf. n. iv of ' to remain firm'],
s.m. Promise, agreement, assurance, pledge;
consent, acquiescence, acceptance;
confirmation, ratification, affirmation,
attestation, assertion, declaration; settlement,
compact, bargain; confession, acknowledgment,
admission, avowal; notification or avowal of
the right of another upon oneself:iqrr-karn
(k, or -par), To promise, agree, engage, pledge
(oneself); to declare, affirm, assert, aver; to
confess (to), acknowledge, admit, allow; to
make an engagement, to undertake; to bargain,
stipulate:iqrr-nma, s.m. Settlement,
compact; written agreement, bond, contract,
indenture:iqrr-nma-i-band-o-bast, s.m.
Administration paper; settlement compact; the
engagement entered into with Government by
the Mlguzr and coparceners of a village:
A aqall, adj. compar. & superl. (of qall),
Less; least; very little:aqall-i-darja, s.m. The
least degree or quantity; the lowest
computation; a minimum:aqall-o-aksar, Least
and most; every particular.
H aqqal-br, s.f. The Indian shot-plant,
Canna indica (the name is peculiar to Southern
India; in Bengal the plant is called sarva-jay.
The seeds are hard, black and shining,
resembling shot, for which they are sometimes
used).
A iqlm (Gr. Arabicized), s.m. Clime,
climate; region, country; zone, belt of country.
A aqwl, s.m. pl. (of qaul), Words,
sayings, agreements, promises.
A aqwm, s.f. pl. (of qaum), Tribes,
peoples, nations; castes.

126
H k [S. ], s.m. Curled, flowered, H ikdas, s.f.= ek-da,
gigantic swallow-wort, Calotropis gigantea q.v.
(syn. madr). S akr, s.m. (in Gram.) The
letter a.
H k, s.m. A sprout of sugar-cane (cf.
ankur). H akr [S. +],
adj.= akrath, q.v.
H ik (contr. from ek, and used in S kr, & H. akr, s.m. The
compn.), adj. One:ik-ang, s.m. Either of the letter ;appearance, aspect; form, shape,
dishes of a pair of scales:ik-br (also ek-br), figure, feature, countenance; statue; likeness;
adv. Once:ik-pe, ik-pe, s.m. An sign, token, hint:krnt (kra+anta), adj.
ornament for the head:ik-tak, ik-ak, adj.
Ending with kr ( ):akr-np, s.f.
Fixed, staring (look or eyes):ik-h, adv. In
one place, together, united:ik-haur, adj. Volume; dimensions.
Idem:ik-it, adj. & adv. Of one mind, S ikr, s.m. The letter i:ikrnt,
unanimous, unwavering, without wavering: adj. Ending in ikr ( i).
ik-hat rj (or rjya), s.m. Universal sway or
rule:ik-hat rj karn, v.t. To exercise S ukr, s.m. The letter u:ukrnt,
universal sway:ik-sr, ik-s, adj. Even, adj. Ending in the letter ukr ( u).
level, plane; equal; similar, same; resembling
H akrat, =
(=yak-s):iksr karn, v.t. To make even,
level, smooth, plane; to dig and plough:ik- H akrath, [S. + +], adj.
la, adj. One-stringed (necklace). Unprofitable, fruitless, yielding no return,
H akk, = T k, s.m. Lit. 'elder brother' serving no purpose, ineffectual, vain; bootless,
(= dg); brother; friend, dear friend; dear sir. useless, unserviceable:akrath jn, akrath
T k, = H akk, s.m. Lit. 'elder brother' hon, v.n. To go for nothing, serve no purpose;
(= dg); brother; friend, dear friend; dear sir. to be thrown away, be lost, wasted, sacrificed to
S akk, s.f. Sister (a respectful be bootless, be in vain; to afford no
compellation for an elder sister, or any elderly enjoyment:akrath karn, v.t. To render
female: cf. k). useless or unavailing; to mar, ruin, destroy; to
give to waste or to the winds, to waste,
H ikk [S. ], adj. One, alone, squander, dissipate; to spend to no purpose.
solitary, single, incomparable, unique, H akrath, =
matchless, peerless, super-excellent;s.m. An
ear-ring consisting of a single pearl;an H akrat, [S. + +], adj.
ornament containing perfume worn on the Unprofitable, fruitless, yielding no return,
arm;a champion who serves alone, without serving no purpose, ineffectual, vain; bootless,
being attached to any corps;a lamp with a useless, unserviceable:akrath jn, akrath
place for one wick; a candlestick to hold a hon, v.n. To go for nothing, serve no purpose;
single candle;a species of one-horse vehicle to be thrown away, be lost, wasted, sacrificed to
peculiar to India:ikk-dukk, adj. & s.m. One be bootless, be in vain; to afford no
or two, a few; very few. enjoyment:akrath karn, v.t. To render
A akbir, s.m. pl. (of akbar), The great, useless or unavailing; to mar, ruin, destroy; to
grandees, people of rank:akbir-o-agir, give to waste or to the winds, to waste,
High and low, rich and poor. squander, dissipate; to spend to no purpose.
H akj [S. +], s.m. Hurt, S akra, adj. & adv. Causeless,
injury, loss, detriment; wrong, impropriety; groundless; senseless, useless; wanton;
uselessness;adj. Useless, unprofitable, vain, causelessly, uselessly, &c.
worthless (=akj);adv. Uselessly, H ks, vulg. akks,
unprofitably, in vain.
and aks [S. ], s.m. Space,
H akjn, v.t. To inflict injury;
vacuity; air, atmosphere; ether, the fifth element
do a wrong;to render useless;v. int. To die.
of the Hinds (the subtle and ethereal fluid
H akj [S. ++ ], adj. & supposed to fill and pervade the universe, and
s.m. Detrimental, injurious, retarding, to be the peculiar vehicle of life and of sound);
obstructive; useless;an obstructive person or sky, firmament, the heavens:ks-agan-gola,
thing, a useless person; an impediment; a s.m. Meteor, shooting-star:ks-
retarder. bn (S. ka-vn), s.f. A voice from heaven;

127
revelation; oracle; divine call or injunction S akm, adj. Without desire;s.m.
(syn. az-gaib wz):ks-birt (S.ka- An epithet of the Supreme.
vritti), s.f. Uncertain or precarious source of
subsistence; hand-to-mouth existence;one S kksh, s.f. Wish, desire;
who lives from hand to mouth, &c. (=the next, hope, expectation; purpose, intention.
q.v.):ks-birt, adj. & s.m. Having no fixed S kkshit, part. adj.
source of subsistence;one whose subsistence Desired, wished for, expected; desirous.
is fortuitous, one who lives from hand to
S kksh, adj. & s.m.
mouth:ks-bastu, ks , s.f. Heavenly
bodies (syn. ajrm):ks-bel (S. ka-vall), Wishful, desirous; hopeful, expectant; asking,
s.f. Air-creeper, a parasite, Cuscuta reflexa, inquiring;an expectant.
or Cassyta filiformis (also called ks- H iknavve, iknve [S. ]
pavan):akks-phal, s.m. (Met.), Children, , adj. Ninety-one.
offspring:ks-o, s.f. The zenith:ks- H ikwan [S. ], adj.
hur, s.f. The axis of the celestial sphere:
Fifty-one.
ks-dhur-ke sire, s.f. The poles of the axis of
the celestial sphere:ks-dv, ks- H ik`, s.f. A unit; the unit's place in
dy (S. ka-dpa), s.m. A lamp lighted in numeration:ik`-k ank, The figure in the
honour of Lakshm or Vishu, and elevated on unit's place, the unit.
a pole in the month of Ktik; a lantern on a H ik-br, adv. v.s.v. ik.
pole; a beacon:k-gang, s.f. The milky A akbar, adj. compar. & superl.
way (syn. kahkash):ks-gol, s.m. The (of kabr), Greater; greatest; very great;
ethereal sphere; the celestial orb or globe: prop. n. The emperor Akbar:akbar-bd, s.m.
ks-mukh, s.m. A devotee of the aiva sect The city of Akbar, Agra.
(whose devotion consists in holding his face up A akbar, adj. Relating to Akbar;s.f. A
to the sun, so that, after some time, it is difficult kind of sweetmeat made of rice-flour and sugar,
for him to hold it in the natural position): formed into balls, and after being fried in gh,
ks-maal, s.m. The celestial sphere; the encrusted in clarified sugar:akbar asharf, A
atmosphere:ks-nm, s.m. A plant that gold coin worth sixteen rupees.
grows on the nm-tree (a kind of H ik-pe, s.m. v.s.v. ik.
epidendron), Bignonia suberosa:ks-var,
H ukat, = S ukti, [rt. ;
adj. Cerulean, azure.
cf. ukta], s.f. Speaking, speech, voice, language;
H ks,
story, fabrication, invention, contrivance;
vulg. aks [S. ], adj. Ethereal; inventive power, originality, genius (in these
atmospherical, arial; celestial. last senses the word is probably derived from
the S. udgati; see ugat):ukat bann, To
H iks [S. ], adj. Eighty-
make up a story, to concoct, fabricate, invent,
one. contrive:ukat-se karn, To do or perform by
S k, s.m.= ks, q.v. means of one's inventive power, to invent,
S k, adj.= ks, q.v. originate, create.
S ukti, = H ukat, [rt. ;
S akl, and kl, s.m. An
cf. ukta], s.f. Speaking, speech, voice, language;
inopportune or unseasonable time; story, fabrication, invention, contrivance;
untimeliness, unseasonableness; a bad season, a inventive power, originality, genius (in these
season of scarcity; drought, scarcity, dearth, last senses the word is probably derived from
famine; extremity, pinch; adj. Untimely, the S. udgati; see ugat):ukat bann, To
unseasonable, inopportune, premature:akl make up a story, to concoct, fabricate, invent,
phal, s.m. Unseasonable fruit, fruit produced contrive:ukat-se karn, To do or perform by
out of season:akl maut, s.f. Untimely or means of one's inventive power, to invent,
premature death; sudden death:akl vrishi, originate, create.
s.f. Untimely rain.
H ukat, = S ukta, [part of ],
A akkl, s.m. An enormous eater, a glutton.
part. adj. Spoken, said, aforesaid, above-
H kl, s.m.= kr, q.v.
mentioned, the said (used in law documents).
H ukln (caus. of ukaln, S ukta, = H ukat, [part of ],
q.v.). v.t. To boil (water, &c.): cf. ukln. part. adj. Spoken, said, aforesaid, above-
H akm [S. +], adj. Useless, mentioned, the said (used in law documents).
unprofitable, &c.= akrath, q.v.

128
H uktrn [S. +, rt. ], H ika, eka (corr. from the English),
v.t. To stir up, rouse, instigate, incite; to s.f. An act, enactment, statute.
support, aid, back, abet; to forward, advance, H s.f. Invention, &c. (= ukat, q.v.).
promote.
H uk (perf. part. of ukan, q.v.),
H uktr [S. ++], s.m.
s.m. One who casts an obligation in the teeth of;
Instigator, inciter, aider, abettor; one who
a low, shabby fellow.
forwards or promotes, promoter.
H ukn, v.t.= ukan, q.v.
H iktls [S. ],
adj. Forty-one. H ik-ak, adj. v.s.v. ik.
H uktn [S. ++H. v. H ukan [S. +, rt. ], v.t.
aff. n], v.n. To be sad, sorrowful, To dig up, turn up, cut up, root up; to unearth;
melancholy, dejected, &c.; to fret, be irritated to turn over, turn upside down, upset, turn
(by, -se), chafe (at or under), be out of humour topsy-turvy; to extract (a secret) gradually and
(with, -se); to be languid, be weary (of), be sickartfully, worm out (a secret); to cast an
(of), to lose all relish (for), to be satiated or obligation in one's teeth; to mar, ruin, destroy,
cloyed; to become irksome, wearisome, &c. spoil, plunder; to rob the good name of, to
A iktisb [inf. n. viii of ' to gain'], vilify, abuse;v. int. To be dug up, turned, cut
s.m. Gain, acquisition, acquirement. up, &c.: uka-lna, v.t. (intens. of ukan,
generally used in the sense of), to tear, tear to
A iktif [inf. n. viii of ' to be sufficient'],
s.f. Sufficiency, competence; contentment: pieces, root up, utterly ruin or destroy, &c.
iktif karn (-par), To be content (with), rest H akang, ikang (corr.
satisfied (with); to stop short (at).
from the English), adj. Acting, officiating.
H ik-tak, adj. v.s.v. ik.
H ukawn (caus. of ukan,
H aktbar (corr. from the q.v.), v.t. To cause to be dug up, &c.
English), s.m. October. H ikah, ikah,
S a-kuto-bhay, adj. Not afraid adv.= ikha, q.v.
or threatened from any quarter, secure. A aksar, adj. compar, & superl.
H akath, = (of kasr), Most; many; much; a great
many, very many;s.m. The greater number,
S akathanya, =
the majority;adv. Generally, for the most
S akathya, adj. Not to be uttered or part, mostly, chiefly, often, frequently,
mentioned, not to be spoken of; unspeakable, commonly, usually:aksar auqt, and aksar-
unutterable, inexpressible, indescribable; kar-ke, adv.=aksar.
obscene. P aksara (for A. aksara, the A. acc.
S akathanya, = of aksar), = P aksarya (for
A. aksarya, the A. acc. of aksar, adv.
H akath, =
Generally, &c.=aksar, q.v.
S akathya, adj. Not to be uttered or P aksarya (for A. aksarya, the A.
mentioned, not to be spoken of; unspeakable, acc. of aksar, = P aksara (for
unutterable, inexpressible, indescribable; A. aksara, theA. acc. of aksar), adv.
obscene. Generally, &c.=aksar, q.v.
S akathya, = H akath, = H ik-it, adj. v.s.v. ik.
S akathanya, adj. Not to be S akar, adj. Exempt from duty, duty-
uttered or mentioned, not to be spoken of; free, exempt from taxes;hand-less.
unspeakable, unutterable, inexpressible, S kar, s.m. (f.?), Accumulation,
indescribable; obscene. collection, multitude; a rich source (of
H akt [S. ], s.f. The Agaty anything), source, spring, mine, quarry;
tree, Sesbana (or schynomene) grandiflora: aborigines.
(also written agt). H kar [S. ], s.f. Hole, den (of a
H ukt, s.f.= ukat or ukti, q.v. wild beast).
H ikatts, ikts [S. H -kar, past. conj. part. of n,
], adj. Thirty-one. q.v.

129
H ukar, rustic for us-k, gen. S krisha, =
of woh. S karshit, part. Drawn,
H akr [S. +, rt. ], adj. (f. -), attracted.
Dear, costly, high-priced S karshak, adj. Pulling,
H akr [S. ; cf. drawing, attracting; attractive, magnetic;s.m.
H. akar], s.m. A kind of vetch or grass Anything that attracts; magnet, loadstone.
which grows in the fields under the spring crop, S karshik, adj. Attractive,
twining round young corn and checking its magnetic (=karshak).
growth, Vicia sativa: (it is used as fodder). S karsha, s.m. Pulling,
H ikr, rustic for is-k, gen. drawing, dragging, attracting, attraction;
of yeh. absorption (syn. kashish):karsha-
H ikr-ke, rustic sambandh, s.m. Cohesion.
for ise or is-ko, dat. of yeh. S karsh, adj. Attractive,
H ukr-ke, rustic &c.=karshik.
for use or usko, dat. of woh. H akarkas [S. +], adj.
A akrm, s.m. pl. (of karam), Favours, Not hard, not rugged; soft, tender.
kindnesses, obligations; honour, respect. A akram, adj. compar. & superl.
A ikrm [inf. n. iv of ' to excel in (of karm), Most merciful; very kind, very
honour, generosity,' &c.], s.m. Honouring, generous, bountiful.
complimenting, treating with attention and S akarma, akarm, s.m. A low action,
ceremony; veneration, respect. a bad action, sin, wickedness, vice.
S krnti, s.f. Ascending, rising. S kram, s.m. Entering upon,
A ikrh [inf. n. iv of ' to dislike,' &c.], beginning; ascending, superiority, surmounting,
s.f. Dislike, aversion, abhorrence, detestation, going over or beyond, surpassing; invading,
horror. invasion; a seizing.
H akary (a neg.+perf. part. H akarm [S. ++], adj.
of karn), s.f. Lit. 'Not prepared'; ground not Without work, idle.
prepared and properly cleaned for receiving the
S akarmak, adj. (in Gram.)
seed.
Intransitive (verb).
S akrit, part. adj. Not done, not
S krama, s.m. Entering;
wrought, inartificial; not cultivated; wavering.
ascending; increase.
S kriti, and H. akriti, s.f.
S akarmanya, adj. Useless,
Form, shape, figure (=shakl), likeness, image;
the body; species. good-for-nothing, unprofitable.
S akritajna (pron. akritagya), S akarm, s.m. Evil-doer, sinner,
adj. Ungrateful. wretch.
H akrittim, = H akara, adv.= akra, q.v.
S akritrim, adj. Not made or H akar [S. +], adj. Not
wrought, inartificial, unfactitious, candid, to be done, improper to be done, unsuitable,
genuine. unbecoming, inconsistent, indecent.
S akritrim, = H akro, s.m.
H akrittim, adj. Not made or Walnut= aro, q.v.
wrought, inartificial, unfactitious, candid, S akrr, adj. Not cruel; gentle, mild,
genuine. tender (syn. alm).
S karsh, s.m. Attraction; H akr (prov. from adj. akr, 'dear'),
fascination; a spasm; magnetic attraction; a s.f. High price, dearness; scarcity, dearth bad
magnet, loadstone. season.
S karshit, = H akr [for ak, from aka,
S krisha, part. Drawn, attracted. q.v.], s.f. Excuse, plea, pretext, shift;s.m. The
funnel-shaped extremity of the bamboo tube
attached to a plough;uncleaned rice.

130
H aka [v.n. of akan, q.v.], s.f. H akait [aka+S. ], s.m. Fop,
Twist, bend, crookedness, obliquity, contortion, &c.= ak, q.v.
distortion; stiffness, rigidity, inflexibility;
hardness, firmness, fixedness; obduracy, H ikkas [s. ], s.f. Envy;
intractableness; wilfulness, obstinacy,
jealousy (see rkh):ikkas rakhn (-se), To be
stubbornness, doggedness;constipation,
envious (of), to envy; to be jealous (of).
costiveness;strut, airs, show, affectation,
foppery, parade, ostentation; pride, conceit,
arrogance:aka-bz, s.m. An affected person, H ik-sr, adj. v.s.v. ik.
fop, swaggerer:aka-bz, s.f. Affectation,
strutting, swaggering, airs, foppishness; H uksn [S. +, rt. ;
ostentation, show; pride, haughtiness:aka-
but cf. S. ], v.t. To raise, lift; to trim (a
b`, s.f. The cramp (see b`:aka-paka,
aka-taka, akam-takam, s.f.=aka-bz, q.v. lamp, by raising the wick); to kindle (a fire), fan
(a flame), blow (fire), stir up (embers); to rouse,
stir up, move, excite, stimulate, urge; to
H ak (perf. part. of akan), adj. encourage, incite, instigate.
(f. -), Stiff, rigid, cramped, frozen, paralyzed,
&c. H iksah [S. ], adj.
Eighty-one.
H akna (caus. of akan), v.t.
To distress; to obstruct, impede. H ik-sar, ak-sar [P. yak+sar], adj. & adv.
Single;in a body, all at once, all together.
H akake (conj. part. of akan),
adv. Stiffly, rigidly; affectedly, foppishly, with S akasmt (and H.
a strut, swagger, &c. kasmat), adv. Without a why or a wherefore;
accidentally; immediately, on a sudden,
H akan [S. ,rt. , suddenly, out of hand, unexpectedly, unawares,
abruptly.
+;cf. also ], v.n. To be or become
crooked, twisted, contorted, distorted,
S kasmik, adj. Causeless,
contracted, &c., to be bent double with cramp,
spasms, draw up the limbs in pain, to writhe; to unforeseen, unexpected, sudden.
become stiff, rigid, hard, &c.; to be frozen,
paralyzed, &c.;to be affected, pompous, vain, H ukasn (neut. of uksn, q.v.),
or conceited, to strut, swagger, move or go v.n. To be raised; to rise, mount, start up (in, -
proudly, to bridle; to assume an arrogant or me); to try to move, struggle to rise, to
insolent air; to look defiantly (at), be ready to struggle; to be excited, moved, stirred, roused,
pick a quarrel (with, -se); to find fault (with), be &c.
displeased (at, -me).
H aks, s.f. A certain tree= akt,
H ak [aka+ = S. aff. ], s.m. q.v.
An affected person, fop, swaggerer (=aka-bz,
q.v.). A iksr (vulg. aksr), s.f. A powder or
mixture pretended to be capable of converting
H uk, = H uk, [S. other metals to gold or silver; the philosopher's
stone; an elixir; alchymy, chemistry;a
++], adj. Sitting on the hams with the medicine to cure every disease; a sovereign
soles of the feet on the ground, squatting: remedy.
uk baihn, v.n. To sit on one's hams, &c.,
to squat. S aksha, s.m. A die for playing with
(cubic or oblong); the spots on dice; terrestrial
H uk, = H uk, [S. latitude:kshn (aksha+ana), s.m. A degree
++], adj. Sitting on the hams with the of latitude:aksha-bhg, s.m. Idem:aksha-
soles of the feet on the ground, squatting: vidy-vn, s.m. Soothsayer, necromancer,
uk baihn, v.n. To sit on one's hams, &c., wizard.
to squat.

131
S akshi, s.m. The eye:akshi-tr, akshay vriksh (or briksh), s.m. A certain tree
s.f. The pupil of the eye:aksh-sanket, s.m. A famous in Hind legend as being undecaying
sign of the eye, a wink. (the tree in the under-ground temple in the fort
of Allahabad is so termed).
H aka, = H ka,
S akshayat, s.f.
s.m.= k, q.v.
Imperishableness; durability.
H ka, = H aka,
S kshep, s.m. Throwing away;
s.m.= k, q.v.
convulsion; putting upon; reproof, censure,
blame, reproach; irony, sarcasm; abuse.
S ikshu, s.m. (f.?), Sugar-cane,
Saccharum officinarum:ikshu-ras, s.m. The S akshem, adj. & s.m. Unfortunate,
juice of the sugar-cane; coarse sugar; molasses,
treacle:ikshu-sr, s.m. Raw or unrefined unhappy, wretched, miserable;an unfortunate
wight, miserable person, &c.
sugar, molasses:ikshu-kn, s.m. A species
of sugar-cane, Saccharum munja:ikshu-meh,
adj. Diabetic. H akal, ikal [contr. of
akel], adj. & adv. Sole, alone, by oneself,
S akshat, adj. Infallible, remaining, himself, &c. (used in compn.):akal- (ikal-), -
khur, adj. (f. -), Eating alone or by oneself;
abiding, indelible;s.m. Whole grain; whole
greedy, selfish; unsociable, inhospitable;s.m.
grains of rice used in religious ceremonies;
A greedy person; selfish person; jealous or
fried grain (see ahat):akshat-tilak, s.f. The
envious person.
ceremony of putting a few grains of rice on the
forehead of an idol when addressed, or of a
A akl, s.m. Eating; food:akl-o-shurb, s.m.
Brhman when invited to an entertainment.
Eating and drinking, meat and drink.
S akshar, s.m. Letter (of the
S akul, adj. Without pedigree,
Alphabet); syllable:akshar-prak, s.m. A
relations, or family.
treatise on the alphabet.

S kul, adj. (used chiefly as last

H aksharau =
member of compounds). Filled, full (of),
ahrau, q.v.
overburdened (with); confounded, confused,
agitated, flurried, perplexed, bewildered,
S akshar, adj. & s.m. Lettered, disturbed, distressed, alarmed, anxious, restless,
writing a good hand;a lettered or scientific uneasy.
person; one who writes an elegant hand
(=ahar). H akill, = ? ikl, ikall,
(from akel), adj. & adv. Only, sole, single;
S akual, adj. Unlucky, alone, singly.
inauspicious.
? ikl, ikall, = H akill,
(from akel), adj. & adv. Only, sole, single;
H aksho, akshau, =
alone, singly.
S akshauni, s.f.=
H kl [S. (?)+], adv.
ahauhin, q.v.
Peevish;fleet, swift.
S akshauni, = H H akuln, = ? ukln,
aksho, akshau, s.f.= [S. ], v.n. To be confounded, confused,
ahauhin, q.v. agitated, excited, distracted; to feel anxious,
uneasy, disquieted, restless; to tire (of, -se),
S akshay, adj. Undecaying, weary (of), be disgusted (with), be sick (of); to
feel nausea or sickness.
imperishable; permanent, durable (=ahay):
akshay-lok, s.m. The undecaying world, ? ukln, = H akuln,
heaven:akshay-va, akshay-var (or bar), [S. ], v.n. To be confounded, confused,

132
agitated, excited, distracted; to feel anxious, H iklauh, = H
uneasy, disquieted, restless; to tire (of, -se),
weary (of), be disgusted (with), be sick (of); to iklaut, = H iklau, = H
feel nausea or sickness. iklaut, [S. +, but see what
H ikl` (from ikl, q.v.), s.f. follows], adj. & s.m. (f. -), Only, sole,
single;only son or child: (said by Bate to
Singleness; loneliness;a sheet of one breadth signify, literally, 'the only one that was picked
(generally laced).
up,' and to be formed from +].
H ukl` (v.n. from ukln), s.f. H iklaut, = H
Sickness, nausea (=ubk`). iklaut, = H iklau, = H

S akalpit, part. adj. Not iklauh, [S. +, but see what

wrought or manufactured, inartificial, natural.
S akalpan, s.m. Naturalness,
genuineness, trueness;adj. Natural, genuine,
true.
S kulit, part. adj. Agitated, mean, ignoble, plebeian;a low-born person,
distressed, &c. (=kul, q.v.).
S kulat, and H.
akulat, s.f. Agitation, distress of mind,
disturbance, distraction, anxiety, restlessness,
uneasiness.
H ukaln [S. + (?)], v.n. To
boil up or over; to be boiling, to boil (cf.
ukln).
S akalank, adj. Without stain, India, famous for its paper manufacture).
without rust; spotless, unblemished, pure.
S akulin, adj. (f, of akui, q.v.), compn.):ikllu`l-jabal, s.m. Lit. 'the crown of
Bad, base (woman);s.f. A woman of low
caste or family, an ignoble or low woman.
follows], adj. & s.m. (f. -), Only, sole,
single;only son or child: (said by Bate to
signify, literally, 'the only one that was picked
up,' and to be formed from +].
S akul, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), Of low
origin or race, of mean extraction, low, base,
&c.
H kl (from kl, q.v.), s.f.
Agitation; motion (esp. of a carriage).
H ukl, s.f.= ukhl, q.v.
S akaly, adj. Unpropitious,
unlucky, ominous; uncomfortable, disconsolate,
unhappy, unblessed.
H uklesar, adj. Of or
pertaining to the town of Uklesar (in Southern
A ikll, s.m. A crown (used, in Urd, in
the mountain'; an herb smelling like
frankincense, rosemary;ikllu`l-malik, s.m.
Lit. 'the king's crown'; melilot.

H iklaut, = H S akuln, = H
akuln, adj.= akul, q.v.
iklau, = H iklauh, = H
iklaut, [S. +, but see what H akuln, = S
follows], adj. & s.m. (f. -), Only, sole, akuln, adj.= akul, q.v.
single;only son or child: (said by Bate to A ikml [inf. n. iv of ' to be perfect'],
signify, literally, 'the only one that was picked s.m. Perfecting, accomplishing.
up,' and to be formed from +].
S akampit, adj. Unshaken,
H iklau, = H firm.

iklaut, = H iklauh, = H S kampit, adj. Shaking,

iklaut, [S. +, but see what trembling,
follows], adj. & s.m. (f. -), Only, sole,
single;only son or child: (said by Bate to S akampan, s.m. Firmness,
signify, literally, 'the only one that was picked steadiness.
up,' and to be formed from +].

133
S kampan, s.m. Shaking, H ukw [S. +; or ],
trembling. adv. Conjecturally, at a guess, at a rough
estimate or calculation.
A akmal, adj. compar. & superl. (of
S kt, s.m., = ? kti, s.f.,
kmil), More, most, or very perfect or
complete. Intention, purpose; wish, desire.
? kti, s.f., = S kt, s.m.,
A akmah, adj. Blind from birth; blind.
Intention, purpose; wish, desire.
H kan, s.m. Grass and weeds H ikaut, s.m. An eruption on the
collected from a ploughed field. leg.
H akau [S. ++], s.m. The
H ikan = ik`, q.v. straight piece of wood laid across the top of the
framework on which the pulley of a well, &c.
H akann = akann, q.v. turns.
H akor [S. + ], s.f. Bribe; lure
H ukn = ukn, q.v. (as, for example, is used to render tractable a
cow that has lost her calf).
A aknf, s.f. pl. (of kanaf), Sides,
H akor [akor+ = S. , or ],
parts, borders, confines, environs.
s.m. One who receives a bribe.
S akanak, adj. Free from thorns; H akau, s.m.= k, q.v.
free from difficulties; free from enemies;
thornless, unimpeded, unobstructed. A akl, s.m. A great eater, a glutton
(=akkl).
S akuh, adj. Indestructible;
keen, sharp. H akol, = H akol, [S.
, , s.m. The plant Alangium
S kinan, = S hexapetalum, the oil of which is used in
akinan, s.m. Poverty, destitution; labour, enchantments;akol (also), The plant
endeavour, exertion;adj. Poor, needy, Alangium decapetalum.
destitute, miserable, wretched.
H akol, = H akol, [S.
S akinan, = S
, , s.m. The plant Alangium
kinan, s.m. Poverty, destitution; labour,
hexapetalum, the oil of which is used in
endeavour, exertion;adj. Poor, needy,
enchantments;akol (also), The plant
destitute, miserable, wretched.
Alangium decapetalum.

S kinanya = kinan,
H akol [S. ?], s.m. The top
q.v.
shoot of the sugar-cane (=k).
H akkand, = ? akund, s.m.
Swallow-wort (= k,q.v.). H akwan, s.m.= k, q.v.
? akund, = H akkand, s.m.
Swallow-wort (= k,q.v.). H ikaun [S. ++], adj.
(prov.), Of one kind, unmixed, pure, picked.
H akann [S. ++],
v.n. To listen (to), give ear (to), to attend, hear, H ikoj, ikauj [S. ],
hearken.
s.f. A woman who has borne but one child.
P aknn, adv. Now, at present.
H akwr [S. +], s.f. H akwand, s.m.=akwan, and k,
Embrace, lap, bosom (also written akwr): q.v.
akwr bharn, akwr len, To take to the
bosom, to embrace, clasp (=kaul len).

134
H ukaun, s.f. (prov.) The longing S khu-pshn, s.m. A kind
of a pregnant woman. of mineral; a loadstone.

H kh [S. ], s.m.= k, q.v. H akhat, = H khat,

[S. ], s.m.= ahat, q.v.:s.f. A
H akkh, = H kh, [S. portion of the crop per plough paid to the
?], s.m. Riddle, sieve;one of a pair of artisans of a village.
grain-bags or water-bags used as panniers; bag,
sack. H khat, = H akhat,
[S. ], s.m.= ahat, q.v.:s.f. A
H kh, = H akkh, [S. portion of the crop per plough paid to the
?], s.m. Riddle, sieve;one of a pair of artisans of a village.
grain-bags or water-bags used as panniers; bag,
sack. H ukhtn, v.n.= uktn,
q.v.
S akhdya, adj. Unfit for food,
unlawful to be eaten, uneatable;s.m. H , ikhattar [S. ],
forbidden food. adj. Seventy-one.
H akhr, s.m.= akh, q.v.
H akh-tj, s.m.= akhe-tj,
H ukh (see ukhn), s.f. Rooting q.v.s.v. akhay.
up, extirpation, eradication:ukh-pah, s.f.
Slander, backbiting; persecution. H ikha [S. +, rt. ],
H akh [S. ++], s.m. adj. & adv.(= ikah), United, collected,
Arena, wrestling-ground, palstra; place for assembled or gathered together; together, in one
exercise; any place of assembly; gymnasium; and the same place: in a lump, in the mass or
circus; theatre; court;band, assembly, class; a gross, in the aggregate, bodily;
sect of Hind Sdhus (e.g. nrya akh). simultaneously;considerably, very much,
much:ikha karn or kar-len, v.t. To
H ukhn [ukh = Prk. collect, get or bring together, gather together,
(), fr. =S. , p.p.p. of assemble; to amass, accumulate, store, stock,
heap or pile up, stack, group; to call together,
+ ], v.t. To root up, eradicate, extirpate, convoke, convene; to sum up, add up, total; to
pluck up or out, tear up or off, dig up; to break concentrate, consolidate:ikha-kar-rakhn,
off, disjoin, sunder; to dislocate, displace; to v.t. To collect, amass, store up, accumulate,
take out, extract, draw out; to detach, separate, treasure up, &c.:ikha hon, or ho-jn,
remove; to set (one) against, estrange, alienate; v.n. To come together, gather, collect,
entice away, win over (from), buy off; to drive assemble, congregate, flock, herd, crowd; to be
away, put away, do away with, dismiss; to added or summed up:ikhae, adv.=ikha.
upset, overturn, subvert; to scatter, disperse; to H ukhan (see ukan), v.n. To
demolish, desolate, destroy, lay waste,
trip, stumble.
devastate, exterminate:ukh-den, ukh-
ln, ukh-len, intensives of ukhn. S khar, s.f. Den of a wild beast
(=kar, q.v.).
H ukh [ukh+ = S. aff. ],
H khar, s.m.= akshar, q.v.
s.m. One who roots or digs up, eradicator,
devastator, destroyer, &c. H akkhar, s.m. Plenty, abundance
H ukhl [S. + or ] , s.m. (= kar, q.v.).
H ikahr,
Throwing up, vomiting; vomit; an emetic:
ukhl-pukhl, ukhl-wakhl, s.m. Vomiting; vulg. akahr [S. +, or +], adj. (f.
cholera morbus:ukhl den (-ko), v.t. To give -), Single, of one piece; simple
an emetic (to). (uncompounded, not complex); univalved (in
H ukhln (see ukhl), v.t. To Bot.):akahr badan, adj. Spare-built, thin,
lanky:akahr bol, s.m. Simple word
throw up, vomit:ukhl-den, v.t. Idem.

135
(syn. mufrad lafz):ikahr lg, s.f. Simple Rule turned from, diverted, dissuaded, &c.; to make
of Three (syn. trai-rsik; arba` mutansiba). off, decamp, abscond, slink off, &c.; to be
S akharb, adj. Not small or short; dismissed, sent adrift, &c.; to come undone,
unravelled, unstitched, &c.; to come out, fall off
large, long, tall.
or out (as the stone of a ring); to fall of, decline;
H akharn (cf. akha and akhn to lose credit or reputation; to fail of (one's
), v.n. To be disagreeable or displeasing; to be word); to sing or play out of tune; to be
hard, difficult, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, unsteady, shaky, straggling, irregular,
or unsupportable. inconsistent, &c. (see ukh); to be cut, carved,
H akhro [S. ], s.m. or engraved (on, -par); to be stamped,
Walnut (= aro, q.v.). impressed, &c.:ukhan-
pukhan = ukhan: ukha-jn, v.n. intens.
H akkha, akha [S. + ],
of ukhan, and the more common form.
adj. Unformed, unfashioned, unpolished,
H ukhawn (caus.
uncivilized, undisciplined, rude, rough, coarse,
barbarous, uncouth, awkward, clumsy; of ukhn), v.t. To cause to be rooted out, to
perverse, headstrong, wilful, stiff-necked, cross- have (a thing) pulled out, &c.
grained, crooked; proud, haughty; contentious, S akhil, vulg. akhal, adj. All,
quarrelsome;s.m. A coarse, hard-hearted, or whole, entire, complete, without a gap:
unfeeling person; an awkward or clumsy akhilevar (akhila+vara), s.m. Lord of all, an
person, boor, clown, lout, dolt, &c. (=uja, epithet of the Deity (commonly applied to Rm,
q.v.). iva, &c.)
H ukh (perf. part. of ukhan, H ukhal (contrac. of khal), s.m. =
q.v.), adj. (f. -), Uncertain, indistinct, ill- H ukhl [S.
], s.f. A wooden
formed, irregular, straggling, crooked,
unsteady, inconsistent, bad; abrupt, sharp, or stone mortar for pounding rice or other grain.
harsh, caustic (speech):ukh-pukh, H ukhl [S. ], s.f. =
adj.=ukh:ukh att, or ukh-pukh H ukhal (contrac. of khal),s.m. A
att, s.m. Straggling, irregular, crooked, &c. wooden or stone mortar for pounding rice or
writing. other grain.
H akhn (from akkha), v.n. H ukham [S. ], s.m. Heat, &c.,
To be crooked, cross, rude, rough, contentious, see ushma.
&c. (with, -se):akhn-bakhn (-se),
Idem. H ukhmaj, s.m.=ushma-ja,
H ukhn, v.t. To root up, q.v.s.v. ushma.
H akkhan [S. +], adj.
&c.= ukhn, and ukhawn.
Half-blind, purblind; one-eyed.
H akkhapan, =
H akkhan, =
H akhapan, [S. + +],
H khan, (Braj.) s.f. pl. of kh,
s.m. Roughness, coarseness, rudeness, &c.
(see akkha). 'eye.'
H akhapan, = H khan, =

H akkhapan, [S. + +], H akkhan, (Braj.) s.f. pl. of kh,

s.m. Roughness, coarseness, rudeness, &c.
(see akkha).
H ukhan [S. +; entire, all; indivisible, indestructible;s.m. The
see ukhna], v.n. To be rooted up or out, be
plucked up or out, be extracted, be dug up, be
extirpated; to be wiped out, effaced; to be
scattered, dispersed; to be pulled down, razed,
demolished, &c.; to break up; to be struck (a
tent); to slip out, be dislocated (a bone); to be
pulled, torn or ripped off; to be broken or
severed (as friendship); to become alienated or
estranged; to become displeased or offended
(with, -se); to be seared, frightened, driven
away, &c. to be discouraged, disheartened,
'eye.'
S akhan, adj. Unbroken, whole,
Deity;(in Math.), a point:akha k, s.m.
An integer.
S akhait, part. adj.
Unbroken, continuous; unrefuted.
S akhaanya, adj. Not to be
broken, or divided, indestructible, indivisible;
irrefragable, irrefutable; incontestable,
undeniable.
H kho [S. ], s.m. The
walnut tree and its fruit (=aro).

136
H akhay, akhai, akha [S. obloquy, reproach; defamation, ill-report; bad
repute.
], adj. Not liable to decay, undecaying,
everlasting (see akshay):akhay-bar, akhay- H akrat, =
briksh, s.m. The immortal tree,a species S akrtti, s.f. Infamy, disgrace,
of Ficus famous in Hind legend as
obloquy, reproach; defamation, ill-report; bad
undecaying:akhay-tj, akhe-
repute.
tj (S. akshaya+tritiy), s.m. A festival observed
on the third day of the bright half H ikks ikka`s [S.
of Baiskh (April-May), which secures ], adj. Twenty-one:ikks rahn (-
permanency to actions then performed. On that par), Lit. 'to be twenty-one' (to another's
day the cultivators settle their accounts for the twenty); to prevail (against), get the better (of),
expenses of the Rab` or spring crop, and the to overcome.
repayment of advances (also written akh-
H akel [S. +], adj. (f. -),
tij and akh-tj):akhe-tj-k bh`o, The rate of
corn on the day of akhe-tj, at which rate the Single sole; solitary, lonely;akel, akele, adv.
cultivator agrees to repay in kind the advances Alone, by ooneself, singly, unattended,
made to him together with the interest thereon. unfriended; apart:akel-dukel, adj.=akel:
akel kahn, s.f. Statement or representation of
S khy, s.f. Name, appellation;
one alone of the two parties concerned in a case
renown, celebrity.
H akel-pan, = H
S akhyt, part. adj. Not famous,
akelpan, s.m. Loneliness, solitude;
unknown, obscure; infamous.
singleness, singularity; celibacy.
S akhyti, s.f. Infamy, bad
repute.
H akelpan, = H
S khyt, part. adj. Counted,
akel-pan, s.m. Loneliness, solitude; singleness,
recited; said, spoken; declared, made known; singularity; celibacy.
called, denominated, named.
S khet, s.m. The chase, sporting, H ukeln (see ukheln, ukhen),
pursuing game, hunting; pursuing; terror, v.t. To turn up, to undo, unpick, unravel, open
fright:khe-pau, s.m. Beast of chase, wild out, rip up, &c.
animal:khe karn, v.t. To hunt, &c. S aga, ag, s.m. Lit. 'unable to go or
S kheik, kheak, adj. move'; a mountain; a tree.
Hunting, chasing, pursuing;s.m. A hunter; a H g, s.m.= k, q.v.
hound.
H khe [S. ], adj. H g [S. ; Prk. ], s.f. Fire;
Pertaining to the chase, for hunting (as a dog); flame; heat, excessive heat; (met.) anger,
s.m. Sportsman, hunter; hunting-dog. passion; love; lust; hatred; jealousy; intense
H ukhen, v.t.= ukhn, hunger; venereal disease, syphilis;adj. Hot as
fire, very hot; fiery, hot-tempered, irritable;
q.v.:ukhe batn, v.n. To be crusty or cross, sharp, quick; scarce, dear:g uhn, g uh-
to turn away the face (from), to be cool
rakhn (-me), To create or cause a quarrel
(towards).
(among or between), to raise a disturbance; to
H ukhewn, enrage, provoke:g-bg hon, v.n. To be
v.t.= ukhawn, q.v. exceedingly enraged (=g hon):g bujhn
H ukheln, v.t.= ukhen, or bujh-den (-k), To extinguish fire; to
quench the thirst (of); to satisfy hunger, lust,
q.v.
appetite, &c.; to appease a tumult, pacify a
H akaiy, s.m. One of the sacks or quarrel, still resentment:g bujhn, neut. of
baskets of a pannier, &c.= akkh or kh, g bujhn, q.v.:g barsn or bars-den (-
q.v. par), To rain fire (upon), to pour in shot and
H ikkys, adj. Eighty-one shell, to bombard, cannonade;g barasn, v.n.
To be very hot; to be parched up; (hence) to
(=iks, q.v.).
become scarce and dear (fire, as it were, raining
H ikkywan, adj. Fifty-one upon, -par, a thing, and parching it, and so,
(=ikwan, q.v.). causing a scarcity); falling in abundance of shot
S akrtti, = and shell:g ban (-k), To have the fire of
anger, hunger, &c. kindled, to be enraged; to be
H akrat, s.f. Infamy, disgrace,

137
hungry, &c.:g-bagla (or babl) hon, v.n.
To be in a whirlwind of passion, to be mad with
rage:g-bo, s.m. A steam-boat, a steamer:
g bhakn (-k), To stir or blow the fire (of),
to fan the flame (of); to stir up, stimulate,
excite:g bhaakn (-k), neut. of g
bhakn, q.v.:g bhakn, To eat fire; to
exaggerate greatly; to fabricate, invent; to lie
grossly; to boast enormously:g-pn-k bair,
Antagonism (such as that) of fire and water;
natural antagonism; mortal enmity:g pan,
v.n. To be annoyed (by), enraged (at); to feel
the burning (of heat, grief, hunger, &c.), to be
very hot, &c.=g barasn, q.v.:g phkn =
g bhakn, q.v.:g phukn or phuk-jn, v.n.
To be blown into a flame; to feel great heat; to
be greatly excited, be worked into a fury, get
into a towering passion:g-phs-k bair,
Antagonism (like that) of fire and straw,
&c.=g-pn k bair, q.v.:g phkn or meet a present and great danger; to put off,
phk-den, v.t. To blow the fire, fan the flame;
to excite, inflame; to burn excessively, feel on
fire:g-pe pn ln, To throw water on the
fire, to extinguish the fire; to quench thirst,
&c.=g bujhn, q.v.:g-pe lon, To roll on
fire; to be uneasy or restless; to be consumed
with jealousy, envy, &c.:g jon = g
sulgn, q.v.:g jhn, To shake off the
ashes from a live coal; to strike fire (from a
flint, &c.):g den or de-den, v.t. To set fire
(to), apply a light or torch (to); to burn,
consume, destroy:g dhon = g jhn,
q.v.:g lna or drn (-par or me), To set
fire (to), to burn:g-ru`, s.f. Lit. 'Fire-cotton';
tinder:g sulgn, To kindle or make a fire;
to inflame, excite sedition, foment a quarrel:
g-se pn ho-jn, v.n. To recover from a
violent fit of temper, to cool down:g-k bg,
s.m. A goldsmith's furnace:g-k putl, s.m.
An extremely active and energetic person; a
man of quick apprehension, a sharp fellow:
g-k patang, s.m. A spark of fire; a piece of
fire, a burning coal:g karn, To light or
make a fire; to make (a thing) exceedingly
warm; to excite anger or envy (com. used
among women):g-ke mol, adj. Scarce, dear,
high-priced:g gan (-me), To sow discord,
&c., see g lagn:g lag-ke pn-ko daun, consider well:g-ph son, To consider
Lit. 'To run for water after setting fire to'; to
make a show of curing an evil caused by
ooneself; to pretend to appease a quarrel which
one has purposely excited; to play tricks,
deceive:g lagn (-ko, or -me), To apply
fire (to), set on fire; to burn, consume; to kindle
the fire of strife, sow dissension, make
mischief, cause a quarrel, create a disturbance;
to inflame, excite, enrage; to eat up, consume;
to squander, waste, ruin, destroy; to occasion
loss (to); to reduce to poverty; to make a grand
display, to do wonders; to treat as worthless or
vile, to cast aside, throw or put away, abandon;
to discard, disown; to treat with scorn, to scorn,
despise; to pay too high a price, to buy dear; to
swindle, cheat, pilfer:g-lag`, adj. & s.m.
Combustible, inflammable; an incendiary; a
seditious person, firebrand, instigator of
quarrels:g-lagn, or lag-jn, v.n. To be set
on fire, to be on fire; to catch fire; to burn, be
hot; to smart (as a wound); to burn with rage,
indignation, envy, jealousy, &c., to be enraged
or incensed; to be consumed with love, or grief;
to feel intense hunger; to perish, wither, be
blighted; to become scarce and dear:g-lage,
intj. May it be burned! perish! blast thee! a
murrain seize thee! plague take it!:g-lage-
par bill-k mt hhn, Lit. 'To look for a
cat's urine when (the house) is on fire': to go in
quest of small and rarely-found remedies to
delay or excuse oneself on vain pretences:g-
lage-pe k` khodn, To dig a well after fire
has broken out; to shut the stable-door after the
horse is stolen:g-lene n, Lit. 'To come for
fire'; to pay a flying visit, to pay a doctor's
visit:g-me pn ln = g bujhn, q.v.:
g-me jaln or lon (kis-k or gair-k), To
bring reproach upon; to accuse; to suffer for
another:g-nikln (-se), To strike fire or a
light (from flint, &c):g hon or ho-jn, To
become fire; to become very hot; to take fire, to
burn with rage, be enraged.
H g [S. +], s.m. Front, fore-
part, fore-ground; forehead; countenance, face;
the private parts; space in front of a house; fore-
part of a turband; head or fore-part of a ship or
boat; van, vanguard; first charge or assault,
onset; that which is gone before, the past (time);
that which is before, the future, the morrow,
hereafter:g bhr hon, Lit. 'To be heavy in
the front'; to be pregnant; to be rough, uneven
or dangerous (a road):g-ph, s.m. Front
and stern, the private parts (of the body); the
cloth forming the fore and back part of a jma
from the neck to the waist; hesitation,
vacillation:g-ph dekhn, To look before
and behind; to be cautious, to take care,
well the past and the future, &c., to think about,
reflect, deliberate:g-ph karn (-k), To
go after (one), hang about (one), dog one's
steps; to hesitate, waver, vacillate, boggle,
demur, stand shilly-shally:g-tg len (-
k), To look after, attend to; to question; to call
to account:g sambhln, g len (-k), To
go forwards, to proceed, advance; to come
forward; to take the lead; to bark (a dog) on the
approach of a stranger:g mrn (-k), To
138
attack or strike in front; to attack the vanguard H gs, = H ags,
(of an army).
s.m.= ks, q.v. (The word appears to be
peculiar to Southern India.)
S agtra, adj. Bodiless, incorporeal.
H ags [S. ++], s.f.
S agdh, = S gdh, A turband; a terrace in front of an upper room;
adj. Bottomless, unfathomable, very deep. portico; verandah.

S gdh, = S agdh, H ugl [S. +, rt. ], s.m. That

adj. Bottomless, unfathomable, very deep. which is spit out after chewing anything
(especially betel-leaf):ugl-dn, s.m. (or
S agdhat, s.f. Extreme or ugl-dn, s.f.), A vessel for spitting in, a
spittoon (syn. pkdn).
great depth, unfathomability.
H ugl, s.m. A certain insect
H agr, s.m.= aghr, q.v. which attacks standing crops; land always
saturated with moisture; ooze, slime.
S gr, s.m. Dwelling, house, room; H ugln, v.t. To spit out;v.n.
receptacle. To chew the cud, to ruminate (=jugln).
S gm, adj. Coming, ensuing,
H ugrn (see ugln), v.t. To
about to come, future.
clean (a well) by removing the sediment of
black mud, &c. H ugn (caus. of ugn), v.t. To
cause to grow, to raise.
H igrah [S. ], adj.
H ag`, s.m. Advance, &c. (see
Eleven.
ga and ag);adv. In advance, in front,
before, beforehand:ag` jn, v.n. To
H igrah, = H advance in order to meet a person coming on a
igrahw, adj. Eleventh. visit.

H igrahw, = H P gh [Pehl. k, Zend ka, S. +],

adj. Informed or apprized (of), acquainted
igrah, adj. Eleventh. (with, -se), privy (to); knowing, informed,
intelligent, versed, conversant:gh-dil, adj.
H gr [S. ; see g], s.f. Vigilant, of attentive mind; intelligent, wise:
Money, pay, &c. given in advance. gb karn or kar-den (-ko, of person, and -se,
of thing), To inform (a person, of a thing, to
acquaint (with), apprize (of), to signify; to
H ag, s.m.= agh, q.v.
report; to caution, forewarn; to give notice,
notify.
H ag = next, q.v. H ughn [S. +], v.t. To
gather, collect, accumulate; to realize, raise
H ag [Ap. Prk. =S. (money or funds), net; to tax, levy, impose; to
++], s.f.= g, q.v.; money, &c. beg (for), to importune (also written ughn).
P gh, s.f. Information, knowledge,
paid in advance, advances; onset, first charge; intelligence, acquaintance, cognizance;
the fore-fetters of a horse;adv. In front, vigilance.
before; forward, onward, further on, in advance
H ugh (see ughn), s.f.
(see ge):ag-pih, s.f. The front and
heel ropes with which a horse is fastened: ag Collections, proceeds, produce, collection of
mrn (-k), To attack in front; to attack the rent or revenue; sum of money realized or paid
advanced guard; to defeat (an enemy). by instalments; payment by instalments; dues,
money to be realized; usury.
H ags, = H gs, S agupt, adj. Not hidden,
s.m.= ks, q.v. (The word appears to be unconcealed.
peculiar to Southern India.)

139
H agat [S. +], s.f. Future, providence, precaution:agra-so, adj.
Forecasting, provident, cautious;s.m. One
futurity, the hereafter (=g, q.v.).
endued with foresight; a cautious man:agra-
S agati, agat, adj. Without character, gm, adj. Preceding;s.m. Forerunner;
dishonoured, disgraced;s.m.f. One whose predecessor:agra-gm-sen, s.f. The
funeral ceremonies have not been performed; advance guard of an army:agra-grs, s.m.
s.f. Distress, want of resource, necessity, The first morsel:agra-hyan, s.m. The eighth
inconvenience; disgrace, dishonour; month in the lunar year of the Hinds (Nov.-
condemnation, damnation. Dec.), when the moon is full near the head of
S gat, part. adj. Arrived, come; Orion.
present;s.m. A guest. H gar and agar [S. ,
H gat [S. ], s.f. Income; rt. ], s.m. Salt-mine, salt-pit;adj. Full of;
wealth, stock, property; respect, courtesy, competent, versed in, proficient.
attention, consideration (see next). H gar, s.m.= gr, q.v.
S gati, s.f. Arrival; concern.
S ugra, s.m. Anger, wrath;adj. Fierce,
H ugat [S. + rt. ], s.f. wrathful, terrible, cruel, savage; an epithet of
Growing, springing up; production; invention; iva; the name of a mixed tribe, the offspring of
inventive power or genius (=ukat). a Kshatriya by a Sudra woman (the
H agattar [S. ++], adj. employment of this tribe is to kill animals that
Coming, arriving, approaching; future. live in holes); powerful, violent, mighty, strong,
formidable; sharp, severe:ugra-tap, s.m.
S gatwa, s.m. Concern. Severe penance.
H agt, s.f. The Agati tree= akt, H agrr [fr. S. ], s.m. A village,
q.v. or the quarter of a town or village, inhabited by
H aga [S. +?], s.m. A butcher's Brhmans.
stall. (The word appears to be peculiar to H aggrs [S. +], s.m. The
Southern India.) first morsel.
H agan [S. +], v.t. To H agrs, =
bring together, collect, assemble. H agrsan, [S. +], s.m.
H ugan, v.t. To abuse, revile, Food offered in oblations, sacrifices, &c. to the
reproach, use bad language to. gods.
S agad, adj. Free from disease, H agrsan, =
healthy;s.m. Health; a medicine, medicament, H agrs, [S. +], s.m. Food
drug.
offered in oblations, sacrifices, &c. to the gods.
H ag, s.m.= ag, q.v.
S agrhya, adj. Not to be received
H ag, adj. Firm, strong; resolute, or taken, unacceptable.
brave, unflinching. H agar-bagar,
P agar, conj. If, if so be, in case, in the event
of. s.m.= aga-baga, q.v.
H agar, agur [S. ], s.m. S agrat, s.f. Priority, precedence.
Wood of aloes, Aquillaria agallocha;the H gurtn, s.m. Thumb-ring
name of a certain tree which produces (cf. angh and angushtna).
bdellium, Amyris agallocha; P agare, conj. Although, though, even if,
thesisu tree, Dalbergia sisoo:agar-dn, s.m. granted that.
A vessel for holding agar or perfumes; a scent-
H igar-digar ( redupl.), adj.
bottle.
Disordered, disarranged, deranged, topsy-turvy,
S agra, adj. Front, foremost; first, prior,
tangled, confused; spoiled, injured.
anterior; chief, prominent, best;s.m. Foremost
H agarkh,
point or part, forepart, front, tip, uppermost
part:agra-bhg, s.m. The first, chief, front or s.m.= angarkh, q.v.
foremost part of anything:agra-ja, adj. Of S agrim, adj. First in order or rank,
prior birth, firstborn;s.m. An elder brother: chief, eldest; subsequent, future;adv. Before,
agra-sar, adj. Preceding; s.m. Chief, leader, prior; subsequently:s.m. An elder brother.
guide:agra-so, s.m. Foresight, forethought,

140
H gr [S. +], s.m. Eruptions nonsense;adj. Mixed, confused, jumbled;
promiscuous, composed of odds and ends.
from heat on the tongue and lips; the
thrush, aphth. (The word seems peculiar to H agam-bagam, =
Southern and Western India.) H aga-baga, [S. +],
H aggarwl, = s.m. Confusior, jumble, medley, mess, hash;
H agarwl, s.m. A race of odds and ends; trifles, trumpery; trash,
nonsense;adj. Mixed, confused, jumbled;
merchants of the Vaisya tribe (from Agroh, to
promiscuous, composed of odds and ends.
the west of Dehl);the descendants of Rj
Agar. H agast (corr. of the English), s.m.
H agarwl, = August (the month).
S agasti, =
H aggarwl, s.m. A race of
merchants of the Vaisya tribe (from Agroh, to S agastya, s.m. Name of a
the west of Dehl);the descendants of Rj tree, schynomene grandiflora; the star
Agar. Canopus, (also) the name of the regent of that
H agrau [S. +?], s.m. star.
A vessel for holding perfumes (agar); a scent- S agastya, =
bottle (=agar-dn). S agasti, s.m. Name of a
H gra, s.m. The city of Agra (called tree, schynomene grandiflora; the star
also Akbar-bd):gre-wl (or gre-wr), Canopus, (also) the name of the regent of that
adj. (f. -), Of or pertaining to Agra;s.m. A star.
native, or a resident, of Agra. H agastwr, s.m. The name of
S grah, s.m. Seizing, taking; a small tribe of Rajpts.
surpassing, surmounting; favour, patronage; H aggal, =
ability, power; pertinacity:grah karn, v.t.
To seize, &c.; to hold tenaciously (to); to insist. H gal, [S. ], s.m.f. Bar (of a
H ugrah [S. +], = door or window), bolt.
H gal, =
H ugrahan, s.m. Cessation of an
eclipse, illumination of the sun or moon after an H aggal, [S. ], s.m.f. Bar (of a
eclipse. door or window), bolt.
H ugrahan, = H gal, adv. Before, in front, &c.;
H ugrah [S. +], s.m. Cessation s.m. Front part, &c. (see agl).
of an eclipse, illumination of the sun or moon H gil, adj. Future; possible.
after an eclipse. (Cf. agl.)
H agra`, agar, adj. Of the H agl [S. +], adj. (f. -),
colour of aloe wood (agar); of or relating Foremost, first, chief, principal; prior, previous,
to agar (q.v.) preceding, former, anterior; late, recent,
H gar, = belonging to the past, old; coming,
approaching, next, subsequent, forthcoming,
H agary, s.m. A manufacturer of future;s.m. The first, the foremost (person or
salt (gar, q.v.). thing), the chief, the best; the preceding, hence,
H agary, = (in the pl. agle), elders, ancients, forefathers,
ancestors, predecessors; the living, the present
H gar, s.m. A manufacturer of salt generation; posterity, descendants, succeeding
(gar, q.v.). generations; another person, a second person
H agary, adj.=agra`, q.v. (=dsr, but generally implying a senior or a
superior); husband, partner (husband or wife);
H ag, s.m. An ear of corn or rice the Supreme Being; supreme lord, tyrant,
which has been blighted and contains no grain. oppressor; the opposite party, opponent,
H aga-baga, = H adversary (in a lawsuit, or a match); the
privities:agl parda, s.m. Fore-sail (of a
agam-bagam, [S. +],
ship):agl tham, s.m. Fore-mast (of a ship):
s.m. Confusior, jumble, medley, mess, hash; agl janam, s.m. Former birth or life; the future,
odds and ends; trifles, trumpery; trash, the next world:agl pihl karn, s.f. The fruits
of one's acts in this life, or in a former

141
existence, according to Hind belief:agl mit
rakhn (k), To antedate:agle, pron. They,
those;adv. Formerly, previously (=S. agre,
and H. ge):agle-pihle, s.m. Ancestors,
elders, predecessors; descendants, posterity;
preceding and succeeding generations:agle
zamne-k, adj. Belonging to a former age or
generation; simple, artless, innocent, guileless,
plain, straight-forward.
H galnt [S. +], adv.
Up to the neck.
H agal-bagal = bagal, S gaman, s.m. Coming, arriving;
'side,' &c., q.v.:agal-bagal rakhn, v.t. To put
on one side, put aside or away.
H ugaln [S. +, rt. ], H gman [S. ++],
v.t. To spit out; to bring up from the stomach or
craw (as birds for their young, or as cattle in
chewing the cud); to throw up, vomit, reject,
disgorge; to restore or refund (property
surreptitiously obtained=ugln, q.v.):ugal-
pan, v.n. To be spit out, &c.; to fall out of its
sheath (a sword, &c.).
bidy (gam-vidy), s.f. The art or science of
prognosticating, prognostication, divination,
augury, fortune-telling:gam-bakt, s.m.
Prognosticator; one who tells the doctrines of
the Agam = gam-jn, gam jnn (or gyn),
s.m. Prognosticator, fore-teller, prophet,
diviner, augur, fortune-teller; soothsayer; one
versed in the tantras.
H ugum, ugam (see ugn), s.m.
Growing, growth; becoming.
H agmn, s.f.=agwn, q.v.
approach, advent; a proceeding; origin; sexual
intercourse.
s.m. The advanced guard; the East;adj.
Adventurous, venturesome; forward, early (as
fruit, &c.).
H gam [S. + ], adj.
Pertaining to the future;s.m. Prophet,
prognosticator, &c.=gam-jn, q.v.s.v. gam.

H agam, [S. ], adj.

S agamya, adj.=agam, q.v.
Inaccessible, unapproachable, unattainable,
incomprehensible; impassable, impenetrable,
impervious; bottomless, unfathomable; deep, H agan, agin, s.f.
unfordable; unlimited, unbounded. agini, S. agni, s.m. Fire, &c.=g, q.v.:
H agam, = S gam, s.m. agni, s.m. The south-east; the god of fire and
Coming, approach, advent; entrance; regent of the south-east quarter:agni-bn,
acquisition; futurity, the future, the next world; s.m. Arrow of fire, rocket, any fiery missile:
a stra containing spells and incantations agni-b`o, s.f. The farcy in horses; an eruptive
dictated by Mahdeva; a stra or work on disease in men and elephants; erysipelas:
sacred science; the Vedas; the East; (in law), agni-ptra, s.m. Any vessel in which fire is
voucher, document:gam-bt, s.f. Prophecy, kept:agni-prastar, s.m. Any stone producing
prediction:gam bdhn, v.n. To determine fire, flint:agni-parksh, s.f. Ordeal by fire:
agni-pjak, s.m. Fire-worshipper, guebre:
the future, to fore-tell, prophesy:gam-b,
agni-tan, s.m. A certain demon whose body is
s.f. Prophesying, &c.=gam-bt, q.v.:agam-
of fire:agni-tret, s.f. The three sacred fires of
bidy (gam-vidy), s.f. The art or science of
the Hinds, taken collectively, viz. the southern,
prognosticating, prognostication, divination,
the household, and the sacrificial fire:agni-
augury, fortune-telling:gam-bakt, s.m.
saskr, s.m. Funeral ceremonies, such as
Prognosticator; one who tells the doctrines of
the Agam = gam-jn, gam jnn (or gyn), burning a dead body; any ceremony performed
s.m. Prognosticator, fore-teller, prophet, with consecrated fire:agni-sthn, s.m. 'Fire-
place,' chamber of (the consecrated) fire:
diviner, augur, fortune-teller; soothsayer; one
versed in the tantras. agni-kun, s.m. Fire-pit, a hollow for kindling
fire in:agni-ko, s.f. The south-east
S gam, = H agam, s.m. quarter:agni-garbha, agni-mai, s.m. The
Coming, approach, advent; entrance; sun-stone, a fabulous gem supposed to contain
acquisition; futurity, the future, the next world; and to impart solar heat:agni-hotra, s.m. A
a stra containing spells and incantations ceremony consisting in oblations to consecrated
dictated by Mahdeva; a stra or work on fire; the consecrated fire itself:agni-hotr,
sacred science; the Vedas; the East; (in law), s.m. One who keeps up a perpetual sacrificial
voucher, document:gam-bt, s.f. Prophecy, fire; a sacrificing priest conversant with the
prediction:gam bdhn, v.n. To determine Rigveda, one who performs the ceremony of
the future, to fore-tell, prophesy:gam-b, Hom (=hom-karnewl); a fire-worshipper; a
s.f. Prophesying, &c.=gam-bt, q.v.:agam- sect of Brhmans:agni-hotri-sthn, s.m.

142
Chamber of the sacrificial fire:agni-hom, s.m. H agwn, = H
Sacrifice by fire, burnt sacrifice: offering
oblations to fire. agwn, [S. ++], s.m. Guide, leader,
fore-runner, harbinger (=agw); agent,
H agin, agan, s.m. Name of a manager;s.f. Guidance, direction, leadership;
bird, a species of lark (=agiy, q.v.). reception, welcome, going or sending forward
S agu, adj. Unskilful; without to meet and receive a visitor with honour
(=agaun; syn. istiqbl):agwn karn (-k),
merit; ineffectual; bad; void of qualities (good To advance to meet the bridegroom at a
or bad);an epithet of the Deity;s.m. Bad wedding, or a visitor on the road; to escort to
quality or property, defect, fault, vice. one's home.
H agn, s.m.=angn, q.v.
H agwn, = H
H ugn [S. +], v.n. To
grow, springup, shoot, sprout, germinate; to be agwn, [S. ++], s.m. Guide, leader,
produced, to rise, bud; to begin, set in; to fore-runner, harbinger (=agw); agent,
dawn:ugte-h jal-jn, To be withered or manager;s.f. Guidance, direction, leadership;
blasted at its birth, to be nipped in the bud. reception, welcome, going or sending forward
to meet and receive a visitor with honour
S agait, adj. Not reckoned or (=agaun; syn. istiqbl):agwn karn (-k),
counted; incalculable, innumerable. To advance to meet the bridegroom at a
wedding, or a visitor on the road; to escort to
S agnik, s.m. An insect of scarlet
one's home.
colour the lady-bird.
H agn, s.f.= agni, q.v. H agwh, = H
agw`, 1st=agwn, q.v.;2nd [S.
S gneya, s.m. Anything
+], s.f. Burning, conflagration.
appertaining to fire, or the deity of fire; the
south-east quarter;adj. Fiery, pungent, H agw`, = H
piquant, stimulating, digestive;south-eastern.
agwh, 1st=agwn, q.v.;2nd [S.
H g, adv.= ge, q.v.:g-ph +], s.f. Burning, conflagration.
= ge-phe, q.v.
S agotr, adj. Of a different
H aguw, agw, agu` [S. family or tribe.
++], s.m. Guide, leader, conductor,
S agoar, adj. Not obvious,
forerunner, harbinger; one who negotiates a
imperceptible, invisible; unseen, unperceived;
marriage, a match-maker; the opening in a
hidden, secret, mysterious;s.m. The invisible
(Hind) woman's skirt.
Supreme Being.
H gu` (see agu`), s.m. Pommel
H agaur, s.m. An advance of rent
(of a saddle).
paid by the cultivator to the zamndr in the
months of jeh and sh (cf. ag):agaur-
H agwr, s.m. A portion of corn ba`, s.f. A division of the crop in
set apart for village servants (like the customary predetermined proportions between landlord
'sharping corn' in England); the perquisite of the and tenant; a watching and sharing, each party
ploughman in kind, rent, &c., paid in advance. keeping watch (see next) over the fields to
prevent the crop being fraudulently carried off.
H agw [S. ++], H agor, = H agor,
s.m. Front, fore-part; space in front of a s.m. Watchman, guard; one who watches over
house:agwe-pihwe, s.m. Places in front crops.
and rear, neighbourhood; persons living in front
and rear (of), neighbours. H agor, = H agor,
s.m. Watchman, guard; one who watches over
H agws, s.f. The body of a crops.
ploughshare. H agorn, v.t. To watch, guard,
take care of.
H agor = ago, q.v.

143
H agaur, s.f.=agaur, q.v.
H agh [S. ++], s.m.
H agoriy, agory, s.m.=ago, The plant Achyranthes aspera (said to cure the
q.v. bite of venomous reptiles;syn. irir).
S agh, adj. Easy of
H ugh (part. of next, q.v.), adj.
comprehension, evident, manifest:agh-
bh`o, adj. Of an ingenuous disposition, open, (f. -), Uncovered, unveiled, laid bare, exposed;
honest, candid. disclosed, discovered; bare, naked, undressed;
plain, clear, evident, manifest. (See ugh).
H ago, s.f. Advance of money,
H ughn [ugh = Prk.
&c. (see ag and agaur); adv. Before-hand, in
advance. () or ()=S. (), rt.
H agoln, v.t.=agorn, q.v. +], v.t. To uncover, unveil, unclose,
open, lay bare, expose; to pull off, throw off
H agaund [S. + ?], s.m. The (covering or dress); to disclose, reveal; to betray
top of the sugar-cane cut up for seed. (a secret or confidence):ugh-den, v.t.
Idem.
H agaun, s.f.=agwn, q.v. H ugh [ugh+ = S. aff. ],
S agh, s.m. Sin, guilt, crime, s.m. One who discovers or unveils, &c. (see
wickedness; suffering:agha-kr, s.m. Sinner, ughn).
profligate, criminal:agha-may, adj.
H aghn [S. +], v.n. To be
Abounding in sin, sinful:agha-nak, adj. &
s.m. Sin-destroying, freeing from sin, surfeited or satiated (with, -se), to be full,
purifying;destroyer of sin:agha-hart, s.m. satisfied, contented; to swell with pride, give
Remover of guilt,an epithet of the Deity. oneself airs:v.t. To satisfy fill, glut, cloy, &c.
(=hakn):adj. Surfeited, satiated, filled,
P gah, adj.=gh, q.v. &c.=agh`, q.v.
H ughn, v.t.=ughn, q.v.
S ght, = H aght,
H agh`, s.f. Surfeit, satiety,
s.m. Beating; stroke, blow; cast, throw; gust;
killing, slaughter; place of execution, slaughter- repletion, fulness;adv. To the full or utmost;
house. severely, harshly, with a strong or heavy hand.
H agh`, = H
H aght, = S ght, aghy, adj. Satiated, surfeited, satisfied, full;
s.m. Beating; stroke, blow; cast, throw; gust; s.m. A rich man, one who enjoys a competency.
killing, slaughter; place of execution, slaughter-
house. H aghy, = H
agh`, adj. Satiated, surfeited, satisfied, full;
S aght, adj. Not wounded, s.m. A rich man, one who enjoys a competency.
unscathed, sound, whole. H ugh`, s.f.=ugh, q.v.

S aghait, adj. Unfit,

H agh, s.m. Land held in
unworthy;s.m. The unknown future.
perpetuity and not alienable.
H ugh (part. of next,
H aghr [S. +, but cf. aghor], q.v.)=ugh, q.v.
s.m. Greediness, covetousness, avarice. H ughan [S. + ; see
ughn], v.n. To be uncovered, unveiled, laid
S ghr, s.m. Placing sacred food, bare, opened, exposed, disclosed, discovered; to
or sprinkling clarified butter, before an idol; be pulled off.
sprinkling gh upon the fire at certain sacrifices;
gh or clarified butter. H aghan [S. +], s.m. The
name of the eighth month of the luni-solar year
H aghr, adj. Greedy, covetous, of the Hinds (Nov.-Dec.).
avaricious (cf. aghor); s.m. A miser.

144
H ughn (neut. of ughn, q.v.), v.n. before, ahead; later on, by and by, hereafter:
ge n, v.n. To come forward, come in sight;
To be collected, gathered, raised (by
to advance, approach, draw near; to confront,
subscription), &c. (See ughn.)
face, defy, challenge; to come between,
H aghin-ghs, s.m. interpose; to come to pass, happen, occur,
Lemon grass (see agy-ghs, s.v. agy). befall, betide; to come upon (retributively); to
return, revert; to reap what one has sown; to
H aghan, aghn, adj. Relating to come to light, be discovered:ge bahn, v n.
To go before, advance, go forward or ahead; to
the month Aghan;s.f. The produce of that make head or progress, push on, get along; to
portion of the arf crop which is gathered in go forward to meet and escort a visitor; to go
the month Aghan, the harvest of the cold beyond, surpass, outstrip, excel; to come
season:aghn-fal, Idem. forward, face, confront, oppose; to challenge; to
lead, show the way:ge-phe, adv. One after
S aghor, s.m. A title of the god another, successively, in succession, in a line;
iva;adj. Terrible, formidable:aghor-panth, before and behind, front and rear, fore and aft;
s.m. An order of religious mendicants, among again, hereafter, henceforth, for the future;
Hinds, who worship iva: (They eat anything sooner or later; in the absence of, behind one's
and everything, however filthy or unclean, even back; on fitting occasion or opportunity;
human carcases;hence) a gross or filthy straggling, irregularly; in inverted order,
feeder; a dirty-looking man:aghor-panth, transposed:ge jn, v.n.=ge bahn, q.v.:
s.m. A member of the order aghor-panth; ge dhar-len, v.t. To place, lay or put before;
glutton, &c. (=the next, q.v.). to present, offer; to make (one) go before, keep
(one) in sight; to put forward:ge-dekhke,
H aghor [S. + ], adj. & adv. Looking before; with the eyes open;
carefully, with circumspection:ge dekhn,
s.m. (=aghor-panth), Filthy, foul, impure, v.n. To look before, keep the eyes open, look
unclean;a glutton, gormandizer. about one, take care, exercise caution or
circumspection; to look to the future:ge
H aghor-pan, = H ln, v.t. To throw or place before; to supply
aghor-pan, [aghor + S. aff. ], with the means of support:ge-se, adv.
Before-hand, in anticipation, previously, before:
s.m. Filthiness, foulness, uncleanness, impurity;
(in phrases it may often be conveniently
greediness, covetousness.
rendered by the prefix pre-, as ge-se hnn,
To predetermine, presume, preconceive:ge-
H aghor-pan, = H se hahrn, To predetermine, prejudge):ge
aghor-pan, [aghor + S. aff. ], rakhn (=ag rakhn), v.t. To put forward; to
s.m. Filthiness, foulness, uncleanness, impurity; place or lay before, &c.=ge dhar-len, q.v.:
greediness, covetousness. ge-k uh khnewl, s.m. Dependant,
follower, servant; parasite, hanger-on,
S aghosh, adj. Without noise or sycophant:ge karn, v.t. To bring forward,
sound; (in Gram.) hard. adduce, produce; to place, lay or set before:
P gah, s.f.=gh, q.v. ge-ko, adv. Further on (in time or space), in
future; ahead, subsequently:ge ln, v.t. To
H age, intj. (used to a female of the bring forward, advance, to bring before:ge
lower order) O! holla! (the word appears to be hon, v.n. To go before, advance, &c. (=ge
peculiar to Southern and Western India). bahn); to be forward or bold; to face (one)
boldly, to be rude or impertinent.
H g, s.f. Fire, &c. (=g, q.v.)
H agiy, agy, s.f. Fire, &c.=g,
H ge [S. ], adv. (=ag and
q.v.:agy-baitl, s.m. A demon who rules
g), Before, in front, in the presence of, over fire:agy-ghs, s.f. Lemon-grass,
confronting, facing, opposite, in view, in sight; Andropogon schnanthus (also called aghin- or
in the time or reign; in advance; foremost; fore, agin-ghs).
beyond, onward, further, further on,
furthermore, more than this; in future, hereafter,
H agiy [S. +], s.m. Name
henceforth; again; for the future; next in time or
place, then, afterwards; thereupon, after that; of a bird, a species of lark, Alauda aggia (also
formerly, in former times; already:ge ge, called agin).
adv. (intensive or emphat. of ge), in advance,

145
H aggy, = H ggy, [S. and surprised at the symptoms which then
appear, not knowing to what to attribute her
jn], s.f. Command, order, injunction, precept,
sensations.
instruction, direction; provision, requisition;
permission, leave, authority; edict, decree; (in H iggyrah, adj. Eleven
Gram.) the imperative mood:ggy paln (- (=igrah, q.v.).
k), To observe or obey the orders (of):ggy-
patra, s.m. Written order or authority, warrant, H agyr [S. +], s.f.
commission, edict:ggy den (-ko) = ggy Kindling the fire at the time of devotion (by
karn, q.v.:aggy-kr, aggy-kr, adj. Hinds;see hom).
Executing command, acting according to
orders; obedient, submissive, dutiful:ggy H aggyn (S. ajnna), s.m.
karn, v.t. To give, or issue, an order (to, -ko), Ignorance foolishness, folly, stupidity:adj.
to command, bid, instruct, direct; to permit, Ignorant, &c. (=aggyn, q.v.).
allow; to decide, settle; to do the bidding (of, - H agyn (from S. agni), v.t. To
k), to obey, submit (to):ggy mnn =
burn vessels of metal for the purpose of
ggy-me rahn, q.v.:ggy-me rakhn,
cleaning them.
v.t. To keep under authority, subjection, or
control; to rule, govern:ggy-me rahn (- H aggynpan (S. ajnnatwam),
k), To be under the order or control or
s.m. = H aggynt (S.
authority (of), to be subject (to), to obey, submit
(to); to be docile:ggy-me ln, v.t. 'To ajnnat),s.f. Ignorance, folly, &c. (=aggyn).
bring under authority, control or subjection, to H aggynt (S. ajnnat), s.f. =
subdue, master:ggynusr (S.
jn+anusra), adv. & postpn. In accordance H aggynpan (S. ajnnatwam),
with the command or bidding (of, -k). s.m. Ignorance, folly, &c. (=aggyn).
H ggy, = H aggy, [S. H aggyn, adj. Not knowing,
jn], s.f. Command, order, injunction, precept, unknowing, ignorant, inexperienced;
instruction, direction; provision, requisition; thoughtless, inconsiderate, foolish;s.m. An
permission, leave, authority; edict, decree; (in ignorant person, &c.
Gram.) the imperative mood:ggy paln (-
k), To observe or obey the orders (of):ggy- H aggyat (S. ajnat), s.f.
patra, s.m. Written order or authority, warrant, Ignorance, &c. (=aggyn).
commission, edict:ggy den (-ko) = ggy
karn, q.v.:aggy-kr, aggy-kr, adj.
H age, s.f.=angeh, q.v.
Executing command, acting according to
orders; obedient, submissive, dutiful:ggy
karn, v.t. To give, or issue, an order (to, -ko), H agaira, gair (from S. agra), s.m.
to command, bid, instruct, direct; to permit, The first sheaves of the crop presented to the
allow; to decide, settle; to do the bidding (of, - zamndr.
k), to obey, submit (to):ggy mnn =
ggy-me rahn, q.v.:ggy-me rakhn, P gn, adj. Full (used in comp.)
v.t. To keep under authority, subjection, or
control; to rule, govern:ggy-me rahn (- H aggya (S. ajna), adj. Ignorant,
k), To be under the order or control or
authority (of), to be subject (to), to obey, submit inexperienced, unknowing, foolish, stupid,
idiotic; unknown;adv. Unwittingly, &c.;
(to); to be docile:ggy-me ln, v.t. 'To
s.m. An ignorant person, &c.;a stranger.
bring under authority, control or subjection, to
subdue, master:ggynusr (S.
jn+anusra), adv. & postpn. In accordance H al [S. ? or ], s.f. Family
with the command or bidding (of, -k). name; patronymic.
H agaiy (from S. agni), s.m. A
A al, def. art. The:al-amn, intj. Mercy!
disease which affects the rice plant (parching it quarter! God save us! Heaven preserve me!:
up). al-n, adv. Now;al-n ka m kna, adv. As
H aggyt (S. ajnta), part. adj. before, as formerly, just as heretofore, as
usual:al-batta, adv. Decidedly, assuredly,
Unknown, not understood; ignorant,
certainly, of course, indeed, to be sure,
inexperienced, simple:aggyt-joban (S.
precisely, truly; yes, very well; by all means:
ajnta+yauvan), s.f. A girl arrived at maturity
al-tawakkul (for `ala`t-tawakkul), adv. On trust,

146
on the chance; by guess, conjedturally:al- H l [S. ], s.f. Damp, moisture,
tawakkul (vulg. al-tawakl), adj. Conjectural,
wetness.
presumptive:al-j`, intj. Hungry! starving!:
al-il, adv. The result or consequence (is) in S li, s.m. The bumble bee, &c. (see
short, in fine; to sum up:al-l, adv. Now, at ali);s.f. A female friend, &c. (see l).
present; just now (=abh):al-aar, intj. Take
H l [S. +], adj. (f. -), Wet,
care! beware!:al-afz, intj. God preserve me,
or us! Heaven defend us!:al-aq, adv. In damp moist, saturated (especially with rain);
truth, truly, verily, assuredly; actually, running (as a sore).
indeed;intj. True! right! precisely! O yes! H l [S. ], s.m. A small recess
indeed!:al-amd, s.f. The title of the first in a pillar or wall for holding a lamp, &c.;
ra of the Qor`n:al-amd pah-kar niche; receptacle.
phkn, To read the first ra of the Qor`n
previous to blowing upon a person's face in
H l [S. ], s.m. Basin for
order to preserve him from evil influences:al-
amdo li`l-lh, intj. God be praised! thank water round the foot of a tree.
God!:as-salm (as euphonically for al), intj.
Peace be on thee! safety attend thee! farewell! H l, s.m. The name of a certain
adieu!:al-`abd, s.m. Lit. 'the slave'; the Hind hero and poet (from whom a species of
signature or initials of a subordinate officer or poetry takes its name,also written ih); a
servant:al-`aamatu li`l-lh, intj. Great is song about l and Udal; a ballad; a heroic
God! wonderful! extraordinary! (used to poem:l gn (apn), To tell one's own
express fear, surprise, denial, &c.):al-gara, story; to blow one's own trumpet; to tell a long
adv. The short (of it is); in short, in fine, in a story (of, -k), to dwell on a subject.
word, finally, upon the whole:al-giys, s.m.
Complaint, complaining, demanding justice; H ill, s.m. A wart. (Syn mas,
intj. Alas! help!:al-gaib, s.m. The hidden, the gm).
secret, the invisible, the unknown, the
mysterious;al-gaib `inda`l-lh, The hidden or A ill, adv. & conj. If not, otherwise, besides,
secret is with God; God knows what is hidden; except, moreover.
God knows; God is omniscient:al-qia, adv.
In a word, in short, &c. (=al-gara, q.v.):al-
H l-bl, s.m.=le-ble, q.v.
mu`af, s.m. The double; adj. Double, twice;
twofold:al-minnatu li`l-lh, intj. God be H al-bal, s.f.=al`e-bal`e, q.v.
praised! &c. (=al-`azamatu li`l-lh, q.v.):al-
wid`, s.m. The last Friday in the month of S albh, s.m. Non-acquirement;
Raman;intj. Adieu! farewell! good-bye! loss:adj. Unprofitable.
S ali, s.m. A large black bee, the S lp, = H alp, (rt.
bumble bee (=al); a crow; the Indian cuckoo, ), s.m. Association, intercourse; speaking,
Cuculus indicus; a scorpion; spirituous liquor.
conversation, discourse; enumeration of the
H l [S. ? but cf. S. alakta], s.f. questions in an arithmetical or algebraic sum;
Name of a tree from the root of which a red dye s.f. Modulation, or raising of the voice in
is prepared, Morinda citrifolia (the ordinary singing, tuning up; prelude to a song:lp-
Sanskrit name of the tree is ayut, which, in r, s.f. Tuning the voice preparatory to
Hind, is contracted to a);a pumpkin (cf. S. singing.
alb); a green stalk of onion:l-k rang, s.m. H alp, = S lp, (rt.
Colour extracted from the l tree (called also l
rang; see l). ), s.m. Association, intercourse; speaking,
conversation, discourse; enumeration of the
A l (rt. ), s.f. Family, relations, kinsfolk; questions in an arithmetical or algebraic sum;
children, offspring, progeny, descendants; s.f. Modulation, or raising of the voice in
house, race, dynasty: (The restriction of this singing, tuning up; prelude to a song:lp-
word to the maternal progeny, and that of auld r, s.f. Tuning the voice preparatory to
to the paternal, would not appear to exist in singing.
Arabic):l-auld, s.f.=l:l-bel, s.f.
H l-pl (see pl and pl),
Children, offspring:l-i-sultn, s.m. Royal
family, dynasty:l o atfl, s.f.=l-bel, q.v. s.m. Leaves of trees.

147
H alpn, = H heedless, indifferent;s.f. Carelessness,
heedlessness, indifference, &c.
lpn, [S. +, rt. ], v.t. To tune
the voice; to run over the notos provious to H ul (see next), adj. Liable to
singing; to catch the proper key; to pitch or
overturn, unstable; too heavily laden at the back
raise the voice;to cry (with pain), moan,
(a cart), not having the burden equally disposed
groan (syn. alln).
(a cart, &c.), top-heavy (=ull).
H lpn, = H
alpn, [S. +, rt. ], v.t. To tune H uln [S. +, rt. ;
the voice; to run over the notos provious to but cf. S. , rt. ], v.t. To overturn,
singing; to catch the proper key; to pitch or upset, tilt-over, lay over to one side. (cf.
raise the voice;to cry (with pain), moan, ulan.)
groan (syn. alln).
S ulls, s.m. Jumping up,
S alt, s.m. A firobrand. (cf. al`o.)
skipping; alacrity; gladness, joy, happiness;
A lt s.f. pl. (of alat), Instruments, splendour, light; division of a book, chapter,
tools, implements, apparatus, tackling; utensils. section.
H ul = ul or ull:ul-jn, T ulq, ulk, s.m. A kind of small
v.n. To become proud, to have one's head boat.
turned. A alq, s.f. pl. (of alqyat), Questions,
H il, s.m. A kind of cloth woven problems:misfortunes.
of silk and thread so as to present the H ull, adj.=ul, q.v.
appearance of cardamoms (il).
H ulln, v.t.=uln, q.v.
H il, P. al [S. +P. dim.
ca]. s.f. Cardamoms, Alpinia cardamomum:
il bn, lit. 'To distribute cardamoms'; to
invite to a marriage ceremony and feast (this
being done, among Moammadan women, by
sending cardamoms, betel-leaf, and sugar in a
covered dish by the hands of a woman-servant,
attended with music, to the female relatives
whose presence is desired);to form an
attachment or intimacy:il-bund, s.m.
Capsule or pod of cardamoms:il-dn,
s.m. Cardamoms coated with sugar, comfits:
il-do = il-k do, s.m.=ilc-bund, q.v.

H lrs, = H
alras, allris, adj. & s.f.=
lres, q.v.

H alras, allris, =
H lrs, adj. & s.f.=
lres, q.v.

H ulrn (see uln), v.t. To

cause to lie down, to turn over on the side, to
cause to sleep.

H lres [said to be fr. A.

allh+S. rish,devotees being regarded as lax
and neglectful in respect of earthly matters],
adj. Slack, careless, slovenly, remiss, languid,

148
A lm, s.m. pl. (of alam), Pains, griefs, ulhn den, v.t. To twit, taunt, reproach; to
cares, misfortunes. accuse, complain against.

A al-amn, v.s.v. al.(For all compounds H al`e-bal`e (from

beginning with the article al, see under that
bal, by redup.), s.f. Pain, trouble, misfortune
word.)
(=alaiy balaiy);adj. Wretched, miserable,
unfortunate.
H aln, = S ln, s.m.
The post to which an elephant is tied; the rope H il`e, s.m.=il, q.v.
or chain which binds him; fetter, tie; the
brushwood used for creepers to run on.
H il`e, s.f.=ilc, q.v.
S ln, = H aln, s.m.
P l`ish (abst. s. fr. l, imperat. of
The post to which an elephant is tied; the rope
ldan, see lda), s.f. Pollution, contamination;
or chain which binds him; fetter, tie; the
filth; purulent matter; garbage;inconvenience,
brushwood used for creepers to run on.
anxiety.

H alln [A. alal, rt.

alla; cf.
H lbl [S. ], s.m. A
H. alaln], v.n. To cry out (with pain), to
basin for water round the root of a tree.
groan, wail; to bawl, scream, shriek.
A albatta, adv. v.s.v. al, 'the.'
H ulk, adj. Fat, plump, in good
condition. P alburz [burz = Zend barez; from barez =
S. barh, cf. al-wand], s.m. The highest mountain
H ulgn, = H in the Caucasus; also other high mountains in
Hamadn, &c.
ulghn, [S. + ]. v.t. To leap
over or across, pass over or beyond, to cross; to H al-bal [S. +], adj.
bestride, mount, ride (a horse).
Strong enough, having sufficient power;
omnipotent;s.m. Greatest strength or power,
H ulghn, = H omnipotence.
ulgn, [S. + ]. v.t. To leap
over or across, pass over or beyond, to cross; to H al-bilal [S. ++],
bestride, mount, ride (a horse). adj. & adv. Foolish enough, very foolish or
ridiculous, senseless, absurd; useless, fruitless,
H P al`o = H alw vain.
(local) [S. , , P. ], s.m. A
H albhel, adj. & s.m.=albel,
bonfire; a fire kindled in a hole in the ground,
round which the villagers sit and warm q.v.
themselves, and, in parts of India, around which
Moammadans dance in the festival of S alabhya, adj. Not to be attained,
Moarram. unattainable.

H alw (local) = H P H albe [S. + ; but cf.

al`o [S. , , P. ], s.m. A bonfire; albel, to which albe may be related], s.f. Turn,
a fire kindled in a hole in the ground, round twist, bend, winding; (cf. lape):albe den,
which the villagers sit and warm themselves, v.t. To twist, twine, wind, &c.
and, in parts of India, around which
Moammadans dance in the festival of H albel [S. ++],
Moarram. adj. (f. -), Playful, sportive, wanton; capricious,
fanciful, wayward; volatile, sprightly, lively,
H ulhn [S. ++, rt. gay; light, frivolous, senseless, childish, silly;
simple, nave, artless;free, independent;
], s.m. Twitting, casting in one's teeth; careless, indifferent;strange, uncommon,
reproach; complaint, accusation (=ulahn): extraordinary, singular, peculiar;smart,

149
showy, spruce, foppish; engaging, charming,
handsome, beautiful:s.m. (f. -), A wanton, or
capricious, &c. man (or woman); a beau, fop;
voluptuary, rake, rou; simpleton, fool,
noodle:albel, s.f. A fast woman; a belle; a
silly woman, &c.
H albelpan, = H alpatwa, s.m. Smallness, insignificance,
albelpan, s.m. Playfulness, inferiority, paucity.
sportiveness, wantonness, sprightnness, gayety,
frolic; capriciousness, waywardness; giddiness,
frivolity, levity, silliness, childishness;
simplicity, artlessness, innocence;
carelessness, indifference; strangeness, oddness,
singularity, peculiarity;smartness,
spruceness, foppishness; airs, blandishments,
coquettishness; charm, fascination; beauty,
prettiness, elegance.
H albelpan, = H
albelpan, s.m. Playfulness, upon.
sportiveness, wantonness, sprightnness, gayety,
frolic; capriciousness, waywardness; giddiness,
frivolity, levity, silliness, childishness;
simplicity, artlessness, innocence;
carelessness, indifference; strangeness, oddness,
singularity, peculiarity;smartness,
spruceness, foppishness; airs, blandishments,
coquettishness; charm, fascination; beauty,
prettiness, elegance.
H alap, s.f. Serious accident, +], s.m. Lac-dye; Cotton strongly
unforeseen misfortune, sudden and violent
death.
S alpa, alp, adj. Small, minute,
trifling; little; few; short:alphr
(alpa+hra), adj. Taking little food, moderate
in eating, abstemious, abstinent;s.m.
Moderation in eating, abstinence;a mode rate
eater:alphr, adj.=alphr:alpyu feet red).
(alpa+yus), adj. Short-lived, of few years, of
little age, of short duration, young;s.m.f. A
young person; an ephemeral creature:alpa-
buddhi, adj. Weak-minded, unwise, ignorant,
silly:alpa-bal, adj. Of little strength, feeble:
alpa-pr, s.m. (in Gram.) An unaspirated
consonant (as k, g):alpa-prabh`o, adj. Of
little consequence or weight, insignificant:
alpa-pram, adj. Of little weight or measure;
of little authority; resting on little evidence:
alpa-pramak, adj. Idem:alpaggya (alpajna),
adj. Knowing little, ignorant;s.m. (f. -), A
person of defective, meagre, or limited
knowledge:alpa-akti, adj. Of little strength,
weak (=alp-bal):alpa-ws, adj. Short-
winded;s.m. A short-winded person:alp-
mtra, s.m. A little, a little merely; a short time,
a few moments:alpa-mlya, adj. Of little
price, of small value:alpaujas, alpa-ya, adj.
Of little note, not known to fame, obscure;
s.m. Limited notoriety or fame.
S alpat, s.f. = S
S alpatwa, s.m. = S
alpat, s.f. Smallness, insignificance, inferiority,
paucity.
H ulpa (for ul+pa), s.m. A
certain stroke in sword-play, a reflex or inverted
blow.
H -lipan (rt. of n+lipan),
v.t. To come and surround; to fall suddenly
H alpn [Port. alfinete], s.m. A
pin.
A lat, s.f. Tool, instrument, implement,
apparatus; tackle, rigging (of a ship); utensil;
membrum virile, penis.
H alt, = H lt, [S.
impregnated with lac-dye, ready to be used for
dyeing (used by Hind women for staining their
feet red).
H lt, = H alt, [S.
+], s.m. Lac-dye; Cotton strongly
impregnated with lac-dye, ready to be used for
dyeing (used by Hind women for staining their
A iltibs [inf. n. viii of ' to cover,
clothe'], s.m. Being obscure; obscurity,
ambiguity, intricacy, perplexity; the
circumstance of two words being similar in
sound but various in meaning, pun, double-
entendre.
A iltij [inf. n. viii of ' To take refuge'
(with)], s.f. Fleeing to (one) for relief or
protection, taking refuge (with); refuge,
protection; entreaty, petition, urgent request or
prayer, solicitation, supplication:iltij karn
(-se), To make a request (of), to entreat (of),
beseech, pray, importune.
150
A iltizm [inf. n. viii of ' To be H ula [S. or + rt. ; cf.
necessary'], s.m. Being necessary or expedient,
H. pala], s.m. (f.?), Overturning, upsetting;
being assiduous, taking on one's self.
reverting; inversion, reversal; inverse, reverse,
opposite; contrary; the wrong side; return;
A iltift [inf. n. viii of ' to turn, bend'],
s.f. Regard, attention, countenance; respect, subversion; change:ula-pula, s.m.
consideration, courtesy, civility, kindness; (in Confusion, jumble; rout and riot; interchange;
Rhetoric) An apostrophe:iltift karn (-par, or deception, imposition, cheating;adj.
-k taraf), To attend (to), to countenance; to Higgledy-piggledy, topsy-turvy, &c. (=ul-
show regard or consideration (for); to notice: pul, q.v.):ul-pula karn or kar-dend, v.t.
iltift na karn, Not to attend (to), not to notice; To throw into confusion, to toss about, turn
to discountenance, &c. topsy-turvy, &c.:ula-pula hon, To be in a
state of confusion, &c.:ula-pher, ula-pe (or
A iltims [inf. n. viii of ' To touch; to pe), s.m. Perplexity, embarrassment;
petition'], s.m. Prayer, petition, supplication, intricacy, maze, entanglement, difficulty;
entreaty, request:iltims karn (-se), To adversity, misfortune; turn or vicissitude of
petition, beseech, entreat, supplicate, request, fortune; perversion; deception, trickery:ula-
represent humbly. pher-k, and ula-pe-k, adj. (f. -k),
Perplexing, intricate, labyrinthine; entangling,
T altamg, = T ltamg, (l, crooked, crafty (as conduct or speech):ula-
'red'+tamg, 'stamp'), s.m. The royal seal; a kawal, s.m. Name of a certain plant and its
grant of land under the royal seal in perpetuity flower, Abroma augustum.
descending to posterity; royal insignia,
diploma; a medal;a tax levied on travellers. H ul (part. of ulan, q.v.), adj. (f. -
, obl. e), Reversed, turned back; inverted, head-
T ltamg, = T altamg, (l, downwards, upside-down, topsy-turvy; reverse,
'red'+tamg, 'stamp'), s.m. The royal seal; a perverse; contrary, opposite; stupid; wrong;
grant of land under the royal seal in perpetuity s.m. Reverse, opposite, contrary;pease-
descending to posterity; royal insignia, pudding (a kind of pudding made of the meal of
diploma; a medal;a tax levied on travellers. any pulse);adv. On the contrary, on the other
hand; in spite of, notwithstanding; causelessly,
H altan [S. ? 'moving unjustly:ul bh, s.m. Return hire or
quickly,' rt. +n from ], s.f. The rope round fare:ul bhgn, v.n. To run or flee back, to
turn and run away:ul parda, s.m. The cut of
the neck of an elephant in which the driver puts
an angarkh to the left side, as worn by Hinds
his feet, as in stirrups.
(opp. to sdh parda):ul-pul, adj. (f. -),
A iltiw [inf. n. viii of ' to be bent, Inverted, subverted, turned upside down or
crooked,' &c.], s m. Hanging back, inside out; confused, disordered, deranged,
procrastinating, delaying, postponing, topsy-turvy, higgledy-piggledy, jumbled,
deferring:iltiw-e-jang, A truce. tangled, involved;ul-pul karn, v.t. To
turn upside down, turn inside out, throw into
confusion, disarrange, subvert; to disperse,
H ulth (cf. ul), s.m. Translation, scatter; to turn over and over again, to revolve
version (syn. tarjuma):ulth karn (-k), To (see ula-pula karn and ulan pulan):ul
make a translation (of), to translate. phirn, v.n. To go back, return, retrace one's
steps:ul taw, adj. Lit. 'an inverted frying-
A iltihb [inf. n. viii of ' to blaze'], s.m. pan'; coal-black, very black:ul jaln, v.n.
Burning, flaming; heat. To become perversely annoyed, or
unreasonably exasperated:ul jann, v.n. To
H ulathn (cf. ulth and ulatn), be born feet-foremost (a child):ul dha
v.n. To undulate; to be agitated (as the ocean by bdhn, v.n. To counteract; to bring a cross
storms). suit or counter action:ul jawb, s.m. A
perverse, or crooked, or impertinent answer;
A ilti`m [inf. n. viii of ' to heal' (a retort;ul jawb den, v.t. To answer back;
wound)], s.m. Healing or closing (of a wound); to retort; to meet (one) with impertinence:
being allayed or soothed, being cured. ul samajhn, v.t. To understand amiss,
misunderstand, misconceive, mistake; to
pervert:ul sawr hon (-par), To mount (a
horse) the wrong way, to mount from behind:

151
ul ul ghail, adj. (In Bot.) Bending in and
out, sinuated:ule p`o phirn or phir-jn,
v.n. To turn back, retrace (one's) steps; to return
(from a place) immediately after arriving:ule
p`on (or pair) aln, v.n. To walk
backwards:ul pa parhn, v.t. To
misteach; to mislead; to set against, poison the
mind (of):ul takrr, s.f. Feigned,
inconsistent, or incorrect discourse:ule l,
s.m. Wrong courses; bad habits; improper
conduct:ule ale-jn, v.n. To retrace (one's)
steps, &c.=ule p`on phir-jn, q.v.:ule or
kotwle ne, prov. The thief turns round and
threatens the kotwl; the thief turns the tables
on the kotwl:ul h`on bdhn, v.t. To
lay on the thatch the wrong way; (met.) to
criminate unjustly:ul n, s.f. A kind of
coating for the huqqa tube:ule dam lharn,
v.n. To breathe inwardly; to breathe
imperceptibly; to gasp, &c. (=ule ss len,
q.v.):ul rt-k, s.m. Fool, simpleton:ul
rt, s.f. Wrong course, improper or unlawful
manner or way (cf. ule l); peculiar or
uncertain temper, caprice:ule ss len, v.n.
To breathe convulsively, to gasp:ul samajh,
s.f. Misunderstanding, misapprehension;
erroneous view or opinion; fallacy; perverse
idea; defective or weak understanding:ul-
sdh sunn, v.t. To scold roundly, revile,
vilify, abuse, insult:ul taraf, s.f. The reverse,
the back:ule ke, s.m. Short weight:ul
karn, v.t. To throw up, to vomit:ul khopr
aundh gyn, prov. Crooked head, crooked
mind:ul lg, Inverse Rule of Three; (Math.)
Invertendo:ul mr, s.f. Reverse blow, back
stroke; (cf. ulpa):ul ml phern, To count
(one's) beads backwards; to invoke a curse
(upon):ul mat, s.f.=ul samajh, q.v.:ule
mulk-k, adj. Of an ignorant or undiscerning
race or people;perversely misconstruing or
misunderstanding plain facts or straightforward
matters:ul haw, s.f. Contrary wind.
poverty; to throw up, vomit; to turn up, to dig;
to change, pervert (meaning or sense); to recall,
retract; to refute, rebut, contradict (anything
said, e.g. bt ulan); to pour (into); to pour out,
empty; to toss or drink off; to send back, to
return; to turn over (leaves of a book), go
through (a book); to read over again; to revolve
(in the mind); to transpose; to translate; to
counteract; to act contrary to (orders, &c.), to
disobey; to reverse (a decision); to cancel,
rescind;v.n. To be overturned, to be turned
upside down, &c.; to topple over, to upset; to
roll over, fall down; to change; to be changed,
perverted, misrepresented, misconstrued; to be
reversed or transferred (as a charm); to be dug
up; to go or come back, to return; to turn
(against, -se), revolt (from), rebel (against); to
have (one's) head turned, to become proud; to
be perturbed or agitated (the heart); to go mad;
to be reduced to wretchedness or poverty, to be
ruined, become bankrupt:ula-pan, v.n. To
fall down, fall over, &c. (=ulan); to turn
(upon or against, -par), to be opposed (to); to
flock (to, -me), go in crowds (to):ula-jn,
v.n.=ulan, and is the more common form:
ula-den, v.t. intensive of ulan, and is the
more common form:ula-ln, v.t. intensive
of ulan:ula-ke, adv. Over again, e.g. ula-
ke kahn, To say over again, to repeat.
H ulh, adj.=ul, q.v.
H ulahn, v.t. & n.=ulan, q.v.
H l-janjl, and l-jinjl
(see janjl), s.m. Bad or terrifying dream,
nightmare.
H uljh (part. of ulajhn, q.v.), adj.
(f. -), Entangled, complicated, involved,
intricate:uljh hu`, adj. Idem.

H uln, v.t.=ulan, q.v.:ul- H uljhn, iljhn

den, Idem. (caus. of ulajhn, q.v.Other forms are
urjhn, irjhn, arujhn, arjhn, ajhurn),
H ul`o (v.n. from uln), s.m. v.t. To entangle, ravel (as thread); to involve,
complicate, make intricate; to perplex,
Overturning, upsetting, turning upside down; confound; to implicate; to entrap, insnare; to
inversion, subversion, &c. (see ulan). inveigle, entice, allure, beguile, mislead,
deceive; to divert, entertain; to double (as a
H ulan [S. +, rt. , hare); to embroil, to involve in a quarrel; to
cf. palan and laun], v.t. To overturn, upset, make (one's wits) whirl round; to set (one's
capsize, turn upside down, turn inside out, to brain) to work; to throw into confusion,
invert, reverse; to subvert, overthrow, throw disarrange, jumble; to intertwine, interlace, to
down, ruin, destroy; to throw (as a horse its fasten (to, -se), connect (with), join (to); to
rider); to turn over, prostrate, bring low, unite by marriage; to put (one into, -me, a
overcome, reduce to a state of helplessness or berth); to shut up, commit to prison; to lay out,

152
invest (capital); to put on (a garment, hastily or connection (with); to be engaged (to), betrothed
temporarily):uljh-den, v.t. Intensive of, (to); to be married; to be busy, occupied,
&=uljhn:uljh-rakhn, v.t. To keep (one) engaged (in, -me), be intent (on); to carp or
diverted or beguiled, &c., to detain, delay: cavil (at, -par), find fault (with):ulajh-pan
uljh-len, v.t.=uljhn:uljhn-suljhn (and (-se), To join in, close (with), fall foul (of),
urjhn-surjhn), v.n. To be tossed about; to dispute (with), cavil (at); to interpose, interfere,
flutter, flap (as a flag). &c. (see ulajhn):ulajh-pulajh jn; ulajh-
jn = ulajhn, q.v.:ulajh-rahn, v.n. To be
H uljh`o, s.m. = H delayed or detained; to delay, tarry, linger,
stick.
uljhw, s.m. = H
uljhan, s.f. Entanglement. complication, H uljher, = H
intricacy, involution; perplexity, anxiety,
uneasiness; twist, ply, turn, windings and uljhe, [S. +++], s.m.=uljh`o,
turnings, maze; doubling (as of a hare); q.v.(The form ilfhe also occurs.Syn.
confusion, disorder, derangement, disturbance; bakhe, janjl).
embroilment, imbroglio; difficulty,
embarrassment; discord, misunderstanding, jar.
H uljhe, = H

H uljhw, s.m. = H uljher, [S. +++], s.m.=uljh`o,

q.v.(The form ilfhe also occurs.Syn.
uljh`o, s.m. = H uljhan,
bakhe, janjl).
s.f. Entanglement. complication, intricacy,
involution; perplexity, anxiety, uneasiness;
twist, ply, turn, windings and turnings, maze; H aljheiy, aljhey, s.m. A
doubling (as of a hare); confusion, disorder, disputatious or quarrelsome person, a wrangler.
derangement, disturbance; embroilment,
imbroglio; difficulty, embarrassment; discord, H ulan (see ujhaln), v.t. To
misunderstanding, jar. throw out, draw off, pour off (water); to bale
out; to drain (=uln, q.v.).
H uljhan, s.f. = H
uljh`o, s.m. = H uljhw, s.m. H alah, adj.=alaksh and alakh,
Entanglement. complication, intricacy, q.q.v.
involution; perplexity, anxiety, uneasiness;
twist, ply, turn, windings and turnings, maze; H ulahn, v.t.=ulan, q.v.
doubling (as of a hare); confusion, disorder,
H alah, adj. & s.f.=alakshm,
derangement, disturbance; embroilment,
imbroglio; difficulty, embarrassment; discord, q.v.
misunderstanding, jar.
A il [inf. n. iv of ' to be close' (to),
&c.], s.f. Solicitation, urgency, importunity,
H ulajhn, ilajhn,
entreaty:il karn (-se), To solicit, entreat
alujhn [by metathesis for ujhaln = S. (of), beseech, implore.
+:Other forms are wrajhn, arajhn,
A ild [inf. n. iv of ' to deviate (from)'],
arujhn], v.n. To be entangled, ravelled,
s.m. Impiety; heresy; apostasy; idolatry;
twisted, entwined; to be complicated, made
irreligion, unbelief, atheism.
intricate; to be perplexed; to be involved (in
difficulties, &c.), to be at a loss; to fall foul (of,
A ilhq [inf. n. iv of ' to join, adhere'],
-se), dispute or wrangle (with); to interpose,
s.m. Annexation, junction; addition, adjunction;
interfere; to demand a reason (of, -se); to join in
continuity;fees (formerly) exacted from the
(with, -se) to cross-question; to be confused,
parties to a suit.
confounded, disordered, deranged, jumbled; to
be entrapped, ensnared, inveigled, enticed; to be
captured, taken, shut up, confined, imprisoned; A aln, s.f. pl. (of lan), Notes, tunes,
to be laid out, be invested (capital); to stick, be melodies, &c. (see next).
unable to proceed (in an affair, lesson, &c.); to
have the heart set or fixed (on, -se), be A iln [inf. n. iv of ' to intone, chant'],
enamoured (of), be captivated or charmed s.m. Note, sound, modulation; voice; air, tune; a
(with); to have a liaison (with), form an illicit good voice.

153
 labour'], s.m. Inactivity, lack of energy,
A ala, ali (contr. of ila irihi, indolence, laziness, idleness, sloth;
'to the end of it'], adv. Et ctera, and so on. drowsiness;adj. Lazy, slothful, indolent;
drowsy.
T allaq (vulg. arlaq), s.f. A coat
with sleeves, a surtout (like the qab, but having H alsn (see next), adj. Inactive;
buttons, instead of strings, at the neck, breast, apathetic; drowsy; used up.
and navel.Some, however, affirm that the
garment is worn under the qab.
H alsn (vulg. arsn), v.n. To
H aln (Local;=alln, alaln, be slack, slow, sluggish, lazy; to doze, be
drowsy or sleepy; to rest; to be fatigued,
aan, q.q.v.), v.n. To cry out, scream, bawl, wearied, done up.
&c.
A a-last (for a-lastu), Am I not?The
H ularn (neut. of ulrn, q.v.), v.n. phrase is borrowed from Sra vii. v. 168 of the
To lie down, to rest. Qor`n: `a-lastu bi-rabbi-kum?'

H alla, ala [S. +; H alsa, s.f. = H

cf. the form allah], adj. Boyish, childish; alsa, s.m. = H alsa, s.m. [S.
young; raw, inexperienced, inexpert;
], Idleness, &c.=las, q.v. (The forms
thoughtless; untaught, ignorant; untrained,
undisciplined;s.m. Youth, child, a mere boy would appear to be peculiar to Southern and
(in contempt); young (of an animal), colt, Western India.)
&c.:ala-bala, s.f. Childish talk, silly prattle;
childishness, folly; trifling employment; H alsa, s.m. = H
frivolity. alsa, s.f. = H alsa, s.m. [S.
], Idleness, &c.=las, q.v. (The forms
H ulan (see ulan), v.n. To
would appear to be peculiar to Southern and
topple over, fall over, roll over, tilt over, upset;
Western India.)
to fall backwards, fall down, be thrown on the
back; to lie over on one side; to careen (as a
ship). H alsa, s.m. = H
alsa, s.f. = H alsa, s.m. [S.
H allah, alah, adj.=alla,
], Idleness, &c.=las, q.v. (The forms
q.v.
would appear to be peculiar to Southern and
Western India.)
A ilzm [inf. n. iv of ' to adhere, stick
(to)'], s.m. Conviction, confutation; reproof,
A alsina, s.f. pl. (of lisn), Tongues,
censure, blame; imputation; crimination;
languages.
reproach, disgrace, discredit; invective;
calumny, libel; (in law) accusation, charge,
indictment:ilzm dharn (-par), to impute a H als [S. ], s.f. Linseed,
fault (to), find fault (with), accuse (of):ilzm Linum usitatissimum (=ts):als-k tel, s.m.
den, v.t. To impute; to denounce; to blame, Linseed oil.
accuse, indict, charge (with), inform against:
ilzm lagn, v.t.=ilzm den. H las, ls [S. ], adj.
Inactive, lazy, indolent, slothful; drowsy;
H alas, = H las, [S. weak;s.m. A lazy person, sluggard, &c.
and , from not+ 'to
labour'], s.m. Inactivity, lack of energy, H ls-pan (S. lasya+twam),
indolence, laziness, idleness, sloth; s.m. Slothfulness, &c.=las, q.v.
drowsiness;adj. Lazy, slothful, indolent;
drowsy. H alsealso aset[prob. by
Met. for lase, S. +], s.f. Astuteness,
H las, = H alas, [S.
sharpness, knavery, roguery, trickery, humbug,
and , from not+ 'to

154
gammon, duplicity, deception, fraud; illicit
connection, liaison; deficiency (in an account). P lufta, corrupt. lafta, alafta, ulafta (perf.
part. of luftan), part. adj. Astonished,
H alseiy (the preceding+iy demented, mad (with love, &c.), crazy
(=shufta);s.m. Reprobate, dissolute fellow;
= S. ), adj. & s.m. Astute, artful, crafty; worthless companion. (Syn. rind.)
deceitful, fraudulent, backward in paying
debts;lazy, indolent, slothful (these meanings P ulfat, (rel. n. fr. ulfat), adj. Affectionate,
point to alsa as the source);An artful, crafty attached, friendly, derived from friendship:
fellow, &c.; a lazy rascal. ulfat banda (=ulfat-k banda), A servant or
slave attached from friendship (to his master,
S lasya, s.m.=las, q.v. &c.).

H P alf (from A. alif), adj. Covered with

T ulash, ulush, s.m. Leavings of food from
marks like the letter alif (cloth, &c.);s.f. dim.
the table of a great personage (of which the
of alf, q.v.
servants partake):ulush karn, v.t. To touch
or taste (food); to take a morsel.
A ilq [inf. n. iv of ' to meet,' &c.], s.m.
Throwing down, flinging, casting; imparting,
H ili, il [S. ], communicating; inspiration.
s.m. The fish commonly called hils, Clupea
alosa (much esteemed for the table). See hils. A alqb, s.m. pl. (of laqab), Titles of
honour, appellations, epithets, styles, surnames;
A altf, s.m. pl. (of lutf,), Kindnesses, patronymic; forms of address (in letters):
favours. alqb o db, s.m. Forms of address; the
address (of a letter).
T P ilgr, algr (T. el or il, 'multitude,'
'crowd'+A gr, 'army,' 'host';also written A alqat (for al-qatt, 'the cutting'), s.m.
and ), s.m. Forced march of an army, Cutting off, severing, sundering; adj. Put aside,
expedition; raid in force;mass, crowd, herd; dismissed; rejected; inadmissible:alqat karn
heaps, loads, abundance, a large quantity: or kar-den, v.t. To cut off, sever, sunder, break
algro, In abundance; in excess, too much. off; to cut short, bring to an end; to put away,
dismiss, get rid of; to adjust, settle, balance,
P algoza, vulg. algoja, s.m. Pipe, flute; wind up (an account, &c.).
whistle; a small flageolet.
S alak, s.f. Lock of hair, curl,
A alf, adj. Thousand. (Syn. hazr.) ringlet:alakval, alkval, alkaval (S.
alaka+val), s.f. A row of side-curls.
A alif, s.m. The first letter of the Arabic,
Persian, and Urd alphabets:alifu`llh, 'The
alif of (the word) allh'; adj. Alone, friendless, H alak, adj.=alakh and alaksh, q.q.v.
having no friend save God; destitute, poor:
alifu`llh-k att, The mark of the letter alif S ulk, s.f. (m.?) A firebrand;
made by faqrs on the forehead (indicative of meteor; spark; flame; fire.
their separation from worldly concerns, &c.):
alif-be, s.f. The a, b, c, the alphabet:alaf
H lkas, = H
hon, v.n. To become erect; to rear (as a horse).
alkas, s.f. Inactivity, sluggishness, sloth,
H P alf (for alfa, from A. alif), s.m. A kind &c.=las, q.v. (cf. askat).
of shirt without sleeves and open at the sides,
worn by faqrs. (It is so called because of the H alkas, = H
alifs marked on it.) lkas, s.f. Inactivity, sluggishness, sloth,
&c.=las, q.v. (cf. askat).
A alf s.m. pl. (of laf), Words,
articulate sounds, terms; technical terms. H alkasn, v.n.=alsn, q.v.
P ulfat, (for A. ), s.f. Familiarity,
intimacy; attachment, affection, friendship: H alkas, s.f.=lkas, q.v.:adj.
ulfat karn (-se), To be intimate (with); to Inactive, &c.=ls and askat, q.q.v.
cultivate friendship (with).

155
H alaksh [S. ], adj. & unfasten, unbind; to set apart; to part with, get
rid of; to remove; to put away, divorce; to put
s.m.=alakh, q.v.
aside; to exclude; to dispose of; to discriminate;
to sift; to put out of the way; to embezzle; to put
S alakshit, part. adj. Unseen; out of sight; to have done with, to close, wind
invisible; undistinguishable. up (a business, &c.); to give up, relinquish,
abandon:alag hon or ho-jn, v.n. To be
S alakshm, adj. Not separated, severed, &c. (see alag); to part,
prosperous, unfortunate, poor;s.f. Ill-luck, separate, go asunder; to be divided or
adverse fortune. partitioned; to be removed; to be got rid of,
parted with, disposed of, to be dismissed; to be
S alaksha, s.m. Bad sign, ill sifted, picked, selected; to be made away with,
omen; mark of ill fortune;adj. Without be embezzled, carried off, stolen; to become
distinguishing marks; inauspicious. aloof, to back out of, to evade; to withdraw,
retire; to slink off, away; to escape, get clean
S alaksha, adj. & s.m. away.
Unfortunate, ill-fated;an unlucky wight, ill-
fated person. H alg, adj. Separate, apart, distinct;
free, loose, unconfined, &c. (see alag):s.m. A
A alkan, adj. Speaking barbarously; sandal.
stammering, stuttering (cf. luknat).
H ulg (from ulgn), s.f.
H alakh [S. ], adj. & s.m. Leaping over. (rutic.)
Unseen; invisible; without shape or form (as the
Deity);a form of salutation among Jogs: H algn, v.t.=alag karn,
alakh-purush, s.m. The invisible Being:alakh
jagn, lit. 'To call on the invisible'; to ask alms q.v.s.v. alag; to put on one side; to put up, raise.
in the name of God:alakh-dhr, alakh-nm,
s.m. A mendicant who acknowledges no deity H ulgn (caus. of ulagn, q.v.),
but Brahma (see zd):alakh-gati, adj. & s.m. v.t. To cause to leap over, cause to go beyond.
Penetrating the unseen;an epithet of God.
H alg`, s.f. Separation; holding
H alakha, adj. & or keeping aloof, non-interference; being silent.
s.m.=alaksha, q.v.
H ulga, s.f. Leaping over (cf.
H alag [S. +, rt. ], adj. ulg).
Unattached, unconnected, disconnected,
detached, separated, sundered; disjointed, H alagn, v.n. To be separated,
dislocated; separate, distinct, loose; lonely,
&c.=alag hon, q.v.s.v. alag.
solitary; excluded, shut out; liberated,
disengaged; free, independent; singular,
standing alone, unique; peculiar, strange; placed H ulagn, v.t.=ulngn and
apart or aside, (hence) secure, safe;adv. ulangn, q.q.v.
Apart, aloof, asunder; adrift, alone; at a
distance, far off or away; at liberty; H alagn, algan, s.f. A rope, or a
imperceptibly, unperceived, unseen;intj.
bamboo, stretched across a room or a yard, to
Stand off! away! be gone!:alag alag, adj.
hang clothes on; a clothes-line. (See argan).
emphat. of alag, q.v. Holding aloof; dissatisfied,
displeased;adv. Separately, one by one,
severally, individually:alag-thalag, adj. Fine, H algoj, s.m. Corr. of algoza,
delicate, soft;adv. Softly, gently, tenderly: q.v.
alag-alag, adv.=alag, q.v.:alag rahn (-se),
To live away (from); to live apart, live alone; H alal, adj. & s.m.=ala, q.v.:(the
to hold aloof, refrain (from), keep one's form occurs chiefly in comp.cf. Ved. Sanskrit
distance; to avoid; to keep out of the way: alal-bhavat, 'becoming lively'):alal-baher,
alag karn or kar-den, v.t. To sunder separate, s.m. A frisky colt or calf, a young colt;an
sever, detach, disconnect; to displace, disjoint, inconsiderate or thoughtless person, a giddy
dislocate; to set free, extricate, set at liberty, person, one who thinks only of enjoyment and

156
pleasure:alal-app (see apn, 'to jump'), adj.
& s.m. Thoughtless; unsteady, unstable; giddy, H alalle-talalle (cf. alal,
frivolous; volatile, fickle; irregular, improper,
ala and Ved. S. alal), s.m. Feasting, festivity,
absurd;a thoughtless, giddy person, &c.;
pleasure, revelry, rioting, sensual enjoyment;
adv. Thoughtlessly; at random, at a venture, by
show, pomp, ostentation; extravagance, waste,
guess:alal-jhap (see jhap), adj. Unsteady,
dissipation:alalle-talalle karn, v.n. To feast,
wavering, fickle, &c. (=alal-app); revel, riot; to give oneself up to pleasure, enjoy
untrustworthy; negligent, careless. oneself; to lead a voluptuous and dissolute
life;to dissipate, squander, waste.
H alaln, v.n.=alln, q.v.
H alam [S.], s.m. Support,
H ulaln, v.n.=ulan, q.v. &c.=lamb, q.v.; sticks set up for the support of
creeping plants and shrubs.
A allh (i.e. al ilh, 'the God,' by way of
eminence), s.m. God, the Supreme Being;intj. A alam, s.m. Pain, anguish, torment; grief,
O God! Have mercy!:allho akbar, God is affliction:alam-nk, adj. Full of pain,
great (an introductory ejaculation used in agonizing; full of sorrow.
prayer, and also when slaughtering an animal;
and an exclamation of surprise, wonder, S alam, adj. Adequate to, equal to,
resignation, &c.: it is called the takbr):allh able; sufficient, enough, abundant.
allh, intj. (expressive of surprise, approbation,
&c.), Good God! good gracious! wonderful! H almr [Port. almario], s.f. Chest of
extraordinary! excellent! thank God!:allh drawers; book-case, press, wardrobe, cabinet.
allh karn, To call on God; to say (one's)
prayers, count (one's) beads:allh mn, intj. P alms, s.m. Diamond; adamant:alms-
God grant it be so! So be it! Heaven protect tarsh, s.m. Diamond-cutter; a diamond used in
him;adv. With prayer and fasting, &c.; with cutting other gems or glass; diamond-dust;
great care, anxiously;allh mn-k lak, A adj. Cut into angles or facets (as glass, &c.).
child granted after many prayers:allh-bel
(for allh-wl), intj. God preserve you! God P alms, adj. Cut into facets (like a
speed! Adieu!:allh-pr mann, To diamond) of, or resembling, diamond:alms
propitiate God and the saints (by offerings, rang, s.m. Diamond colour; a bright, clear,
&c.); to make a religious vow:allh rakkho, white colour.
intj. God keep (him or her)!:allh re, O God!
Good God!:allh-k nm, The name of
S lamb, s.m. Hanging down; a
God;nothing whatever, not a rap:allh-k
nm len, To take the name of God, to have the perpendicular; support, prop; protection;
fear of God (in one,said to one who tells a lie, asylum; aid, help.
e.g. allh-k nm lo!):allh-k nr, lit. 'The
light of God'; a gift from God (as a beard, &c); H ulamb [prob. S. ++],
a very beautiful person; (ironically) a hideously s.m. Hard swelling; tumour; swollen gland.
ugly person; a very wicked person:illh-k
b`ol, An innocent, a demented person, S lamban, s.m. Depending on,
lunatic; simpleton, fool:allh-k jn, The
soul; life; the animal kingdom;a poor fellow, resting upon; support, maintenance,
poor creature:allh-ke log, allh-log, s.m. dependence; supporter, protector.
God's people, holy men, good men; mendicants;
careless or thoughtless persons;simple- P almast, adj. Intoxicated, drunk;
minded people, guileless people:allh-mr, lustful, lascivious, wanton;infuriated; mad,
s.f. lit. 'One stricken by God'; A God-forsaken insane.
wife; a gadding wife; an unchaste woman, a
harlot:allh m`, s.m. God, the Supreme P H allam-gallam, vulg.
Lord:allh m`-k g`e, s.f. An artless, allam-gallam, s.m. Nonsense, rubbish, trash;
simple-minded person; a simpleton;a snail toying, frivolity; pretext, idle excuse;
(Helix):allh nigahbn, intj.=allh-bel, misappropriation, embezzlement;adv.
q.v.:allh-h allh, intj. O God! God alone is Nonsensically, without consideration, without
stable and sure! Good God! (an ejaculation discrimination, at random:allam-gallam
expressing surprise, &c.=allh re);a bakn, v.n. To talk nonsense, to prate absurdly,
salutation among faqrs. or at random:allam-gallam karn, v.t. To

157
misappropriate embezzle; to hocus-pocus:
allam-gallam khn, v.t. To eat all kinds of
trash.
S lingan, s.m. Embracing,
clasping in the arms; embrace:lingan karn,
v.t. To embrace.

S ulmuk, = H
H ulangn [S. +], v.n.
ulmukh, s.m. Firebrand; burning wood;
To leap, pass or go (over);v.t. To leap over or
charcoal.
across; to go beyond, overstep (see ulngn).

H ulmukh, = S
H alangn, s.f.=algan, q.v.
ulmuk, s.m. Firebrand; burning wood; charcoal.

A alam nashra, The title and the S ullanghak, adj.

opening words of Sra 94 of the Qor`n), adj. Overstepping; transgressing;s.m. One who
Lit. "have we not opened" (thy breast); oversteps; transgressor.
manifest, clear, evident, well-known.
S ullanghan, and H.
S alin, s.m. The bumble bee=al, q.v. ulanghan, s.m. Leaping or passing over or
beyond; overstepping; transgression, violation,
H lan, s.m. Straw, &c. mixed with infringement:ulanghan hon or ho-jn, v.n.
To be leaped or crossed over; to be transgressed
mud (for brick-making and building); a mixture or violated.
of dl and dough.

P lunj, s.m. A wild plum; a sloe. H ulanghn = ulangn, q.v.

H ulan, v.t.=ulen, q.v. S ling, adj. Embracing;s.m.

One who embraces.
S alankr, s.m. Ornament,
decoration, embellishment; trinket, jewel; H l, lu [S. ], s.m. An
ornate composition; figure of speech, rhetoric. esculent root, Arum campanulatum; potato,
Solanum tuberosum:l-k slan, s.m. Potato
S alankrita, part. Ornamented, soup; potato curry:l-g, s.m. The potato-
plant; the tapioca shrub.
decorated, adorned, embellished.
H alang [+], s.f. Line, P l [=S. ], s.m. Plum, prune:(in
row; border, edge, side, end; way, direction; (in Urd the word generally occurs in comp. e.g.)
South-western India), a line or row of buildings
l-bur, s.m. Bur or Persian plum;
or shops, any long building (as a barrack, &c.:
dried plum; prune; damson:shaft-l, s.m. A
cf. next); postposn. By the side (of, -k), along,
peach, lit. 'the rough plum.'
towards:is alang, On this side, this side:us
alang, On that side.
H lo, s.m. A portion of unripe corn.
P lang, and alang, (cf. alang, above),
s.f. Line of circumvallation, lines of defence, A ul, pron. adj. contr. from ul, q.v.
intrenchment, trenches (=morl); wall of a (The word occurs in compounds, as ulu`l-amr,
town. &c.)

H lang [S. +, cf. H. H ull [S. ], s.m. An owl; (met.)

l], s.f. Longing, desire (for the male), heat, a stupid fellow, blockhead, fool; (in gamblers'
salaciousness, lustfulness:lang-par n or parlance) one to be rooked, a 'pigeon';adj.
hon, To get into, or to be in, heat (a mare, Stupid, foolish, senseless:ull bann, v.t. To
&c.); to be lustful (a woman). make a fool of, to befool; to take in, gull,
cheat:ull bann, ull hon, v.n. To become a
H ulang, alang (?) [S. fool, make a fool of oneself, stultify oneself; to
be intoxicated:ull phsn or phasn, v.t.
+], adj. Naked, nude. To entrap a green fellow, catch a gull, rook a
pigeon:ull-k ba or pah, s.m. lit. 'A
young owl'; an arrant fool, a great idiot:ull-

158
ds, ull-dsr, s.m. A great simpleton, fool,
idiot:ull samjhn (apn), v.t. To cheat, H ullpan (ull+pan = S. aff.
rook:ull-k ms khn, lit. 'To eat the flesh
twam), s.m. Owlishness, folly, stupidity.
of an owl'; to become foolish, stupid, or idiotic.
H alopn (see alop), v.t. To
H ull, ul, = H ulw,
conceal, hide;v.n. To lie hid, be concealed.
[S. , ], s.m. A kind of creeper; a kind
of reed or grass, Saccharum cylindricum. H alot [S. + , rt. lup], s.m.
A screen (=o, q.v.).
H ulw, = H ull, ul,
[S. , ], s.m. A kind of creeper; a kind H alaut, s.f. Eaves of a house
of reed or grass, Saccharum cylindricum. (=olt, or. the com. form, q.q.v.).

H ulw, s.m. An owl=ull. (Also P la (dim. of lu), s.m. A kind of small

written ur`.) plum, Prunus ovalifolia.

P ld, part.=lda, q.v. (The form ld

A alw, s.m. pl. (of lau), Tablets,
tables; planks.
S lwl, s.m. Basin for water
round the foot of a tree (v. lbl).
occurs, generally, in comp.)
P ldag (abst. s. from next, q.v.), s.f.
Contamination, defilement, pollutedness;
pollution, stain; foulness, impurity.

A ulu`l-amr, v.s.v. ul for all words P lda [perf. part. of ldan; +rt. Z. r =
compounded with ul. S. and ], part. adj. Defiled, polluted,
sullied, soiled, stained, spoiled; smeared,
A alwn, s.m. pl. (of laun), Colours,
immersed, covered; loaded (with),
sorts, kinds, various sorts;s.m. sing. Shawl
overwhelmed.
cloth, shawl;adj. Of diverse kinds; of various
colours:alwn-i-ne`mat, s m. Blessings of
various kinds; various kinds of good things; H lon [S. +, rt.
different sorts of dishes. ], v.t. To stir, mix; to churn (=bilon, q.v.).

H alwy, adj. & adv. Soft, P T ulush, s.m.= ulush, q.v.

gentle, tender; light;softly, &c.; with a light
hand, lightly:alwy uhn or uh-len, v.t. A ulf, s. pl. (of alf), Thousands.
To take up lightly, &c.
S ulk, s.m. An owl=ull (the com.
S alobh (rt. lubh), s.m. Absence form, q.v.).
of, or freedom from, cupidity or covetousness;
contentment. S lok, s.m. Sight, seeing, looking;
appearance;light; flattery, panegyric.
H alop [S. +, rt. ], part.
adj. Disappeared; concealed, hidden; retired; S alaukik, adj. Not of this
out of sight; invisible, unseen, imperceptible, world, supernatural, super-human,
undiscernible; run out; defaced, destroyed: transcendental; unknown, uncommon, strange,
alop-anjan, s.m. A collyrium, which, applied to rare, extraordinary, not current; unpopular.
the eyes of any one, renders him or her
invisible:alop-my, s.f. The mysteries of
nature; the invisible power in nature:alop- S alokan, s.m. Disappearance;
hon or ho-jn, v.n. To be concealed; to invisibility.
become invisible; to disappear, vanish, retire,
get out of sight; to cease to be, become extinct. S lokan, s.m. Looking, seeing;
sight.
S alop, Not concealed or hidden;
visible, apparent.

159
S ulkhal, s.m. A wooden mortar A ilh, s.m.=allh;adj. Divine, of God,
heavenly;intj. O God! (=y ilh):ilh
for cleaning rice, &c. (=okhl, q.v.);bdellium,
tauba, intj. O God, we turn to thee, accept our
a gummy substance.
penitence! O God! be merciful to us! God
preserve us!:ilh ar, s.m. That which is
H alol [S. +, rt. ], s.m. given for the sake of God; charity, alms:ilh
Gambol (especially of a horse), caper, frisking; rt, s.f. Vigil; a night passed in religious
frolic, playfulness; wantonness, dalliance, exercise:ilh san, s.m. The era instituted by
toying:alol karn, To gambol, caper, frisk, the emperor Akbar in the 24th year of his reign,
skip, frolic:alol-kalol, s.f.=alol. when he embraced what he called the ilh
mahab or Divine religion of Sul-i-kull, or
S alol, adj. Not shaking, steady, religious toleration:ilh gaz, s.m. The yard
firm. of 41 inches (the standard instituted by
Akbar):ilh mohar, s.m. lit. 'divine seal'; a
debt the payment of which is imperative; a debt
H alolak, adj.=alaukik, q.v.
to an unrelenting creditor.

H alon [S. ++], adj. H alhaiy (cf. lh and l), s.f.

Without salt; insufficiently salted; fresh;
tasteless, insipid.
P alwand [Pehl. arvand; Zend aurvat, fr.
ar; S. arvant], s.m. A mountain in the province
of Hamadn, in Persia.
P ulhyat = A s.f. Deity, divinity, godhead.
the divine essence, Godhead (see ilhyat).
A ulhyat = P s.f. Deity, divinity,
the divine essence, Godhead (see ilhyat).
P la (for A. ), s.m. Instrument, &c.=lat,
q.v.; (in Gram.) the instrumental case:la-i-
irfat, s.m. Implements of trade.
A ilh, s.m. God=allh:ilh-, intj. O God! bumble-bee; spirituous liquor;s.f. A woman's
H lh, s.m. The name of a certain
Hind hero, &c.=l, q.v.
A ilhm [inf. n. iv of ' to swallow'], s.m.
Inspiration, revelation:ilhm-bayn, adj.
Expressing inspired thoughts, speaking by
inspiration.
H alhn [S. +], v.n.
To rejoice; to be cheerful.
H allha, alha, adj. &
s.m.=alla or allah, q.v.
H ulahn, s.m.=ulhn, q.v.
H ulahn [ulah = Prk. the present time, to this moment:ilai-hi, ilaih,
()=S. (), rt. + ], v.n. To
spring up, grow, vegetate; to reprove; to
reproach, &c. (see ulhn; urehn).
The name of a rgin or musical mode.
A ilhyt, s.f. pl. (of ilhyat), Divine
things; theology; metaphysics; things pertaining
to the supernatural.
P ilhyat (for A. ), s.f. Divinity, deity,
H al [S. , ava+riti, rt. ri; cf. the
H. form ], s.f. Misfortune; great danger;
risk of life. (cf. alk and alh,' 'an unpleasant
thing.')
S al, s.m. A large black bee, the
female friend (=l).
S li, l, s.m. The bumble-bee;
a scorpion (=ali);s.f. A woman's female
friend;row, range, continuous line; bed (of
flowers or vegetables); ridge, mound of earth
crossing ditches or dividing fields (=me),
dike, embankment;a land measure, equivalent
to four bss.
H l, adj. Of or belonging to the l
tree (see l):l rang, s.m. A colour extracted
from the al tree, l-colour.
S lay, lai, s.m. House, habitation,
abode, place.
A ila, prep. To, up to; until:ila`l-n, Up to
To him, to it;above-mentioned, aforesaid
(=mushru ilaih, q.v.).

160
H liy, s.m. Name of a tribe of H m [S. ; Pr. ], s.m. Mango,
banjras. the fruit of the Mangifera indica; also the
tree:m-r` [S. mra+rjik), s.f. A tope or
H alaiy-balaiy, s.f. grove of mango trees;income or revenue
obtained from mango groves and gar dens:
Misfortune, &c.=al`e-bal`e, q.v.; (and as the
m-ras, am-ras, s.m. Inspissated juice of the
women use the words, whilst waving platters
mango.
with lamps, &c. round a person's head, to
remove or avert all evil, they have come to
signify Offering, sacrifice, victim);lighted S m, adj. Raw, uncooked, undressed;
wisps with which the Hinds divert themselves unripe; undigested;s.m. Condition of being
at the season of the Dewal. raw, &c.; provisions, victuals (undressed);
sickness, disease, (especially) disease in the
H le-blc, vulg. alle-balle bowels, the mucous matter voided in dysentery
[P. re+bale 'yes'], s.m. Humming and hawing; (=w, the common form):m-tisr (S.
putting off, shuffling, evasion, subterfuge, ma+atisra), s.m. Dysentery:mnna (S.
deception, fraud, deceit;procrastination; ma+anna), s.m. Undressed rice, raw grain;
inactivity, idleness, sloth:le-ble batn, v.t. uncooked provisions:m-bt (S. ma+vta),
To put off, shuffle, evade; to deceive, delude, s.m. Constipation or torpor of the bowels with
trick. flatulence and intumescence;a windy tumour,
a swelling (without pain):m-l, s.m. Pain
arising from indigestion; the colic.
S lep, s.m. Liniment; plaster.
H im [S. ], adv. Thus, so, to such a
H uln [S. + (); or degree (=ais: used chiefly in poetry).
+ ], v.t. To throw up water, pour off
water; to bale; to drain (=ulan, ulahn, P im [old P. ima; Zend aem; S. idam, ayam],
ujhaln). pron. adj. This (=:The form im occurs only
in comp. e.g.), im-roz, adv. This day, to-day;
imroz-fard, To-day or to-morrow, soon;
S il, s.m. The hils fish, Clupea
procrastination (=j-kal, q.v.); mroz-fard
alosa (see hils, and illi). karn, To put off; to procrastinate; to shilly-
shally:im-sl, adv. This year:im-shab, adv.
S alk, adj. False, untrue; This night, to-night.
unpleasant, displeasing;s.m. Falsehood,
untruth; anything unpleasant or displeasing. A umm, s.f. Mother; source, origin,
foundation, basis; chief part (of a thing).
S alekh, adj. That cannot be
written; that cannot be taken account of. H amm, amm [S. ], s.f.
Mother (=m, m);intj. (used by women),
H alel (see albel), adj. Careless, My dear! darling!:amm jn, s.f. Mother-in-
law.
indifferent, heedless, thoughtless, inconsiderate,
imprudent, improvident. A amm, conj. But, moreover, nevertheless,
however, yet.
A alm, adj. Painful, torturing, excruciating.
H m [S. +], adj. Raw,
S aln, adj. Not melted or dissolved;
&c.=m, q.v.
not effaced, not wiped out or away; not
embraced; not attached to, unconnected.
S um, s.f. Flax; linseed;light,
H ulen [S. ], v.t. To splendour; fame, reputation; tranquillity; night;
an epithet of Prvati; an interjection expressive
invert a vessel in order to empty it of its of astonishment.
contents; to empty; to pour out (water,
&c.=uneln, q.v.).
S amtya, s.m. Minister, senator,
H alh, s.m.=alk and al, q.q.v. statesman, counsellor, adviser.

161
P mj, s.m. A mound or heap of earth on S mlak, s.m. Land near a
which a mark is fixed to shoot arrows at, target,
mountain.
butt (=nishna).
P imla [for A. , inf. n. iv of ' to
P mdag (abst. s. from the next), s.f.
incline'], s.m. Causing to incline, bending; (in
The state of being prepared, readiness;
Gram.) giving to fata a sound like that of kasra
preparation; alertness;disposition (to);
(as when kitb is pronounced as if written
indication; threatening.
kitb).
P mda (perf. part. of mdan; +rt. Zend
A imm, s.m. One who is followed or
m = S. ), part. adj. Prepared, ready, alert; imitated; exemplar, guide, leader, head, head of
disposed (to):mda karn, v.t. To get ready, a religion (and especially of the Mohammadan
to prepare; to rouse, stir up, incite, excite; to religion), patriarch; priest; minister or reader of
offer to do; to abet:mda hon, v.n. To be a mosque;a large bead in a rosary (which
prepared (for), get ready; to be on the alert; to remains fixed in the hand, and is not turned
be disposed (to). over in counting);the flag or standard borne
in procession before the ta`ziya on the first ten
H mr, = H ammr, [P. ambr or days of Moarram:imm-b, s.m. (dim.
A. amr], s.m. Heap, pile. (The word would imm-b, s.f.), The place to which the ta`ziya
appear to be peculiar to the Panjb.) is conveyed and kept in the Moarram, and
where offerings are made to the dead; a
H ammr, = H mr, [P. ambr or building in which the festival of the Moarram
A. amr], s.m. Heap, pile. (The word would is celebrated, and in which services are held in
appear to be peculiar to the Panjb.) commemoration of the death of `Al and his
sons Hasan and Husain; (the same building is
P mr [Zend rt. mar+prep. ; S. +], sometimes used as a mausoleum for the family
s.m. Account, reckoning, calculation; of the founder):imm min, s.m. The
investigation;daily account-book, register of protecting Imm, one's guardian saint:imm
receipts and disbursements. min-k rupay, or pais, s.m. A piece of
money dedicated to Imm zmin, and fastened
P imrat, amrat (for A. , v.n. of ' to on the arm of a person about to leave home, as a
command'), s.f. Possession of command; the protection from evil spirits and the difficulties
office, and authority of a commander, governor, of the way.
&c. (amr); district under the authority of a
governor; a government; command, authority, P immat (for A. ), s.f. The office of
power, dominion, rule, sovereignty; dignity, an Imm.
grandeur, state, magnificence, pomp, display;
increase, abundance, prosperity. H imm-dast [corr. of P.
hwan+dasta], s.m. Pestle and mortar.
A amrid, s.m. pl. (of amrad), Beardless
youths. A imm, adj. Of or relating to an imm.
P ammra (for A. ammrat, fem. of P immiya (for A. ), adj.=imm,
ammr), adj. m.f. Wont to command; q.v.:s.m. An epithet assumed by the
imperious, domineering, headstrong, obstinate. followers of 'Al; the sect of Sh`as (who hold
(See nafs-i-ammra, s.v. nafs.) that 'Al is the lawful and true imm in
immediate succession to Mohammad).
H amms, s.f.=amvas, q.v.
A amn, s.f. Security, safety; freedom from
P ms, s.m. Swelling, tumour:ms fear, ease of mind; protection, safeguard;
karn, v.n. To swell; to effect a swelling. promise or assurance of security or safety,
indemnity, quarter (=panh), mercy, grace:
A amkin, s.m. pl. (of makn), Dwellings, intj. Quarter! mercy! spare me!:amn pn (-
habitations, mansions, places. k), To obtain assurance of safety (of), to find
protection or grace:amn den (-ko), To give
H aml [S. +], adj. Without a promise of safety, to afford protection, &c.:
amn mgn, To seek protection, to seek the
a necklace, not having a necklace on.
assurance of safety; to ask for quarter:amn-
me rakhn, v.t. To keep in safety or under

162
(one's) protection, to render (one) secure; to (in contradistinction to ijra, 'land in farm,'
protect, defend, shelter. 'contract work').

H amm, s.f.=amm, q.v. S amnya, adj. Not to be

believed, &c.=amnanya, q.v.
H imn, corr. for mn, q.v.
H amva [S. +], s.m.
H amn [ or +S. , rt. Inspissated mango juice (=amo, m-ras).
], v.n. To go into, fit in, to be contained, be
H amvas, = S
held.
amvs, = S amvas, = S
P amnat (for A. ), s.f.Security, safety, amvasy, [S. +, rt.
freedom from fear, protection, safeguard, safe-
conduct (=amn); trustworthiness, fidelity, a ], s.f. The night during which the moon and
thing or property committed to the trust and sun are in conjunction; the first day of the first
care of a person, trust, charge; a deposit quarter on which the moon is invisible; the
(=dhao); faith, religion;the office of an night of new moon; the last day of the dark
amn;adj. & adv. Aside, apart, untouched, fortnight.
intact, inviolable:amnat-jr, s.f.
Assignments of revenue:amnat-na, s.m. S amvs, = H
Depository, dept, store-house, warehouse:
amvas, = S amvas, = S
amnat-n (orig. rel. adj. from amnat-n,
a proper name), s.f. A kind of dry tobacco used amvasy, [S. +, rt.
for chewing (syn. kaaur):amnat-dr, adj. ], s.f. The night during which the moon and
Trustworthy, faithful, honest;s.m. Guardian,
custodian, trustee, depositary:amnat-dr, sun are in conjunction; the first day of the first
s.f. Trustworthiness, &c. (=amnat);Charge, quarter on which the moon is invisible; the
trust, guardianship, agency; custody, safe- night of new moon; the last day of the dark
keeping, deposit:amnat rakhn (-ko), To fortnight.
deposit, consign, intrust, commit to the care
(of);to set or lay aside, put apart, leave out of S amvas, = H
account; to preserve intact; keep or hold as amvas, = S amvs, = S
sacred or inviolable:amnat-gur, s.m.
Depositary, custodian:amnat-me iynat, amvasy, [S. +, rt.
Breach of trust:amnat-nma, s.m. Deed of ], s.f. The night during which the moon and
trust or deposit; a document conveying sun are in conjunction; the first day of the first
anything. quarter on which the moon is invisible; the
night of new moon; the last day of the dark
A P amnat, adj. Deposited, given in trust fortnight.
or charge;s.f. Any thing deposited, &c.
S amvasy, = H
S amnush, vulg. amnus, adj.
Not human; anything but man; inhuman; amvas, = S
monster. amvs, = S amvas, [S.
+, rt. ], s.f. The night during
S amnanya, adj. Not to be
which the moon and sun are in conjunction; the
believed, not worthy of belief, incredible; not to first day of the first quarter on which the moon
be honoured, unworthy of respect. is invisible; the night of new moon; the last day
of the dark fortnight.
S amn, adj. & s.m. Incredulous;
inattentive;without pride, humble;an H umh [S. +], s.m. Great
incredulous person, &c. pleasure, intense delight, rapture, ecstasy.
P amn, s.f. Security (=amn); trust,
H amb, = H mb, s.m.
charge, deposit (=amnat);land held, or work
done, under Government supervision or control Mango, tree or fruit (=q.v.).

163
H mb, = H amb, s.m. H ambat [S. + ], adj. Sour,
Mango, tree or fruit (=q.v.). acid; acrid.

S ambu, s.m. Water:ambu-pati, H ambatn (from ambat), v.n.

s.m. lit. 'lord of the waters'; an epithet of To become or turn sour.
Varun:ambu-ja, ambuj, s.m. lit. 'water-born';
The lotus, Nympha nelumbo:ambu-dhi, S ambuj, s.m. see s.v. ambu.
s.m. The ocean, sea:ambu-dhar; s.m. lit.
'water-holder'; a cloud.
S ambar, s.m. Covering; skin;
H amb, s.m. Mango=m. (Poetical.) clothes, apparel; the sky, atmosphere; clouds;
a perfume, ambergris.

S amb, s.f. Mother (=amm);

H mbar (corr. of A. ` ambar),
goddess (=dev, deb).
s.f. Ambergris; amber.

H m-bt, s.m. See s.v. S. m.

H ambr`, s.f.=m-r`, q.v.s.v.
m, 'mango.'
H ambr, s.f. corr. of
`amr, q.v. H ambar, s.m. See .

H amb, s.m. = H
S ambarsh, s.m. A frying-pan;
amb, s.f. [S. + and battle, war; the name of a certain king.
], The esculent plant Hibiscus
cannabinus, commonly called the Rozelle S ambashh, s.m. A man who is
(usually written ;)the hog-plum, Spondias the offspring of a Brhman father and a Vaisya
mangifera (also called am and am). mother, by occupation a physician.

H amb, s.f. = H S ambak, s.m. The eye.

amb, s.m. [S. + and ],
The esculent plant Hibiscus cannabinus, S ambik, s.f. An epithet of
commonly called the Rozelle (usually written Prvat or Bhavn, consort of iva.
;)the hog-plum, Spondias mangifera (also
called am and am). H ambal [S. +], s.m. The
umbilical cord; secundines, after-birth:ambal-
H ambs, s.m. A handful of nl, s.m. Umbilical cord, the navel string of a
grass or corn cut in reaping. new-born infant.

H ambs (see next), part. adj.
Seasoned; stale, old.
H ambsn [S.
?+, rt. ], v.t. To season a new
earthen vessel by letting water remain in it for
some time; to rinse.
S amblik, s.f. An epithet of
Prvati.
H amb, s.m. A potter's
kiln=w, w, q.q.v.
H ambil [S. +], s.f. A sort
of flummery, or a gruel, made of pulse, rice
flour, buttermilk, &c. (The word would appear
to be peculiar to Southern and South-western
India. In Marh it is written ambl.)
H ambot [S. ++],
s.f. A species of sorrel, Oxalis corniculata.
(Peculiar to Southern India.)
H , ambu`, ambw [S.
+], s.m. A mango; a small mango.
H amboj, s.m.=ambhoj, q.v.

164
H ambol, adj.=an-bol, q.v.
S ambhoj, s.m. lit. 'produced in
water'; the lotus.
H ambhaur [S. +],
s.f. Watery pustules; prickly heat.
H mb, s.f.= mb, q.v.
A imtizj [inf. n. viii of ' to mix'], s.m.
Mingling; being mixed, being blended; being
diluted;mixture, union.
A imtil [inf. n. viii of ' to fill'], s.m.
Fulness, repletion, surfeit; indigestion.
A imtin` [inf. n. viii of ' to forbid,
inhibit, &c.], s.m. Inhibition, prohibition,
prevention, restraint (=man`, q.v.):imtin`-e-
tadul, s.m. (in Science), Impenetrability.

H amb, = H ambiy, A P ummat, adj. Of or belonging to an

[S. +], s.f. A small unripe mango; a ummat, q.v.s.m. A follower of a religious
sect.
small mango.
A imtiyz [inf. n. viii of ' to separate,
H ambiy, = H amb, &c.], s.m.f. Separation, distinction,
[S. +], s.f. A small unripe mango; a discrimination (=tamz); discernment,
judgment, discretion; holding oneself aloof;
small mango. refusal;good-breeding; ceremony;
H amb-kr [S. +], preminence:imtiyz karn (-me), To
s.m. A sailor. (The word appears to be peculiar distinguish (between), to discriminate; to
to Southern and South-western India.) discern; to treat with distinction.

H ampan (for n-pan), v.n. A P imtiyz, adj. Of discrimination; of

To come to hand. distinction, distinguished;of good breeding.

H amat [S. +], s.m. Disregard, H ami [S. + ; cf. H. min],

disinclination, dislike. adj. Not effaced; ineffaceable, indelible;
indestructible, imperishable, indissoluble;
irreversible, irrevocable; immutable,
S amit, adj. Immeasureable; unchangeable, unvarying, firm, steadfast.
unmeasured; undefined.
A amsl, s.f. pl. (of masal), Equals;
P mmat (for A. ), s.f. One of the ten likenesses, resemblances; proverbs, adages.
kinds of wounds compensated by a fine.
P amsila (for A. ), s.f. pl. (of misl),
P ummat (for A. ), s.f. People, religious Exemplars, examples.
sect, people of the same religion; followers;
race, nation; caste; creed, religion.
H am jn [S. 'strength'],
A imten [inf. n. viii of ' to try, v.n. To be exhausted, worn out, spent, used up.
prove'], s.m. Trial, test, proof, experiment;
examination; inquiry; temptation:imten A amjad, adj. (compar. & superl. of majd),
den, v.n. To undergo or pass an More, or most, glorious.
examination:imten karn, v.t. To examine,
test, try, prove; to tempt; to prosecute an H amr [S. +] , s.f.
inquiry; to make experiment or trial (of, -k); to Mango-parings dried in the sun:amr hon
check, audit:imten len (-k), To (sukhke), To wither up, become emaciated.
examine:imten-me pr utarn, imten-
me pr dar-n, To pass successfully through P mad [v.n. of madan; +Pehl. gmatan, rt.
an examination or any ordeal or test. Zend gam = S. ], s.m. Coming, approach,
arrival; access; coming in, income; receipts;
A imtidd [inf. n. viii of ' to extend,' adj. Coming naturally, natural, unartificial, not
&c.], s.m. Extension, prolongation; protraction; studied (opp. to ward); plain, simple:mad-
prorogation;adj. Extended; protracted. mad, s.f. The announcement of an arrival:
mad-raft, mad o raft, s.f. Coming and going;
ingress and egress, communication, intercourse;

165
passage, way, thoroughfare:mad-shud, mad S mra, = S amra, s.m. The
o shud, s.f.=mad-raft:mad o ar, mango tree. (See m).
Receipts and disbursements:mad-wl, s.m.
One who has a large income, a rich man; a A mir, act. part. One who orders,
merchant who purchases imported goods commander, ruler.
wholesale.

A imdd [inf. n. iv of ' to help'], s.m. H amr [S. ], s.m. The hog-
Assisting, aiding, abetting; help, succour plum, Spondias mangifera. (Also written amr,
(=madad); donation, gift, endowment. amb, and am.)

P mdan, s.f. Coming, arrival; income; A umar, vulg. umr, s.m. pl. (of amr),
incomings, receipts; returns, proceeds, profits, Nobles, noble-men, grandees; the nobles of an
emoluments, finances, ways and means; Indian Moammadan court collectively; s.m.
perquisites, anything gained over and above; sing. A noble, nobleman.
imports; import duties; revenue; collections; the
season in which any merchandise generally A amr, s.m. pl. (of mar), Sicknesses,
arrives; the reaping season. diseases, ailments.

P mada, perf. part. (of madan, 'to come'). H umr`o, corr. of A. umar, q.v.
Come, arrived.

H P mady, s.m. One who has a large H amr`, s.f.=m-r`, q.v.s.v.

income, &c.=mad-wl, q.v.s.v. mad. m.

H um (from next), part. Flooded; A P umar`, s.f. Nobility.

overflowing: um n, v.n. To become
flooded; to run over, to overflow. S amrit (+, rt. ; 'not dead';
'causing immortality,' &c.) = H
H umn (caus. of uman, amrit, imrit, imrat; vulg. amirt,
q.v.), v.t. To cause to flow or run over; to s.m. The nectar conferring immortality;
submerge; to flood:um-den, Idem. ambrosia, the drink of the gods, the water of
life; anything sweet; any pleasant drink; a
H uman = uman, q.v. guava; immortality; final emancipation:
amrat-bn, imrat-bn (amrit+vn), s.m. A
S amar (rt. ), adj. Undying, exempt variety of the plantain (kel); a glazed or china
jar (=martabn):imrit-bn, s.f. Sweet speech,
from death, immortal, everlasting; longlived;
honeyed words:amrit-rp, adj. Possessing
an epithet of the Deity:amar-bel (S.
immortality, immortal:amrit-k h den,
amar+valli), s.m. An epidendron, or parasitical
v.t. To sprinkle with the water of life, to restore
plant similar to the misletoe:amar pad, s.m.
to life.
The state of an immortal, immortality:amar-
lok, s.m. The region of the immortal, the region
of the gods, heaven, paradise:amar hon, v.n. H amrit, imrit,
To become immortal, to enjoy everlasting life; imrat; vulg. amirt, = S amrit
to be very longlived.
(+, rt. ;'not dead'; 'causing immortality,'
A amr, vulg. amar, s.m. Order, command; &c.) s.m. The nectar conferring immortality;
(in Gram.) the imperative mood;affair, ambrosia, the drink of the gods, the water of
business, transaction; event, occurrence; fact, life; anything sweet; any pleasant drink; a
circumstance; matter, case, thing, particular; guava; immortality; final emancipation:
point, question:amr o nah, s.m. Commands amrat-bn, imrat-bn (amrit+vn), s.m. A
and prohibitions, orders and counter-orders. variety of the plantain (kel); a glazed or china
jar (=martabn):imrit-bn, s.f. Sweet speech,
S amra, = S mra, s.m. The honeyed words:amrit-rp, adj. Possessing
mango tree. (See m). immortality, immortal:amrit-k h den,
v.t. To sprinkle with the water of life, to restore
to life.

166
S amarat, amart, = S S amaryd, part. adj.
amritat, amritt s.f. Immortality, Disrespected, dishonoured; affronted.
deathlessness.
S amaryd, s.f. Disrespect,
S amritat, amritt, = S dishonour, indignity; slight, affront.
amarat, amart s.f. Immortality,
S amarydik, adj. Not
deathlessness.
honouring, disrespectful, treating with
indignity.
H amit-bn, v.s.v. amrit.
H umas, ummas [S. ],
H amrit, imrat, vulg. s.f. Intense heat without a breath of air,
amirt, imart [S. +?], s.f. A small sultriness.
vessel for drinking out of; a kind of sweetmeat
made of pulse (resembling the jaleb); a kind of A imsk [inf. n. iv of ' to hold, retain'],
small and sweet melon (local); a kind of s.m. Keeping back or off, retention; abstaining
cloth;adj. Nectarious. (from); parsimony; a medicine taken to prolong
pleasure in carnal intercourse; scarcity, want:
imsk-i-br, s.m. Want of rain, drought.
H amarjd, s.f.=amaryd, q.v.
P im-sl, adv. v.s.v. im.
A amrad, adj. & s.m. Beardless; handsome;
a beardless, handsome youth.
H umasn, v.n. To rot,
P murz, part. act. [of murzdan; +rt. &c.=ubasn, upasn, q.q.v.
Zend marez; S. marj, rt. ], Pardoning,
S mish, s.m. Flesh, food;
forgiving; pardoner;murz-gr, s.m. He who
pardons; an epithet of God. enjoyment, an object of enjoyment, a pleasing
object, lure, bait; an object of prey.
P murzish (abstt. s. fr. murz), s.f.
Pardon, grace; forgiveness of sins (by God). S m-l, s.m. See m.

H amras, s.m.=m-ras, q.v.s.v. A amr, s.m. pl. (of mir), Large cities:
m. cities.

S marsh, s.m. Anger, wrath; A im [inf. n. iv of ' to pass, go'],

s.m. Despatching; despatch, transmission.
peevishness; impatience of another's success,
envy; rancour. A am`, s.m. pl. (of me`), Intestines, guts.

H amrt, = P H A im`n [inf. n. iv of ' to go fast,' &c.],

amrd, [S. ], s.m. The guava, Psidium
pyriferum, or pomiferum. (In Persian amrd is
also applied to the pear.)
P H amrd, = H
amrt, [S. ], s.m. The guava, Psidium
pyriferum, or pomiferum. (In Persian amrd is
also applied to the pear.)
s.m. Sharpening, rendering acute or penetrating;
acuteness, penetration:im`n-i-nazr, s.m.
Penetrating glance, attentive or close regard or
look.
S amuk, adj. Such a one, a certain
person, so-and-so; such-and-such (=ful).
H amk-dhamk, (less

P imroz, adv. v.s.v. im. H common), = H amk-

amra`, s.f. A mango-grove (=m-r` and hamk, vulg. imk-himk, [S. +redup.
ambr`, q.q.v.). formed from S. base ], s.m. This one and that
one, small and great, every one
(promiscuously); a nobody (a vague term of

167
contempt used in speaking of a person); trifling, Immovable property:imlk-i-manqla,
trifles, baubles; idle talk, prating. Movable property.

H amk-hamk, vulg. S amln, adj. Clean, pure; clear,

imk-himk, = H bright;s.m. Globe-amaranth, Gomphrna
globosa.
amk-dhamk, (less common), [S.
+redup. formed from S. base ], s.m.
H amal-patti, = H
This one and that one, small and great, every
one (promiscuously); a nobody (a vague term of amal-pa, [S. + ],
contempt used in speaking of a person); trifling, s.f. A kind of stitching, a broad hem
trifles, baubles; idle talk, prating. (resembling a leaf of the tamarind-tree in
appearance).
A imkn [inf. n. iv of ' to hold rank,'
&c.], s.m. Possibility, practicability; power; H amal-pa, = H
contingent existence (in contradistinction to
wujb or necessary existence). amal-patti, [S. + ],
s.f. A kind of stitching, a broad hem
A P imkn, adj. Possible, potential; (resembling a leaf of the tamarind-tree in
contingent. appearance).

S amukhya, adj. Not chief; S amlat, s.f. Sourness, acidity.

inferior, ordinary.
H umag, s.f.=umang, q.v.
H umagn, v.n.=umangn, q.v.
H amalts [S. +?],
s.m. The Indian Laburnum, Cathartocarpus
(Cassia) fistula. (It is commonly used as a
purgative).

A amal, s.m. Hope, expectation. S malak, s.m.=ml, q.v.

H amal, ammal [S. ], S mlik, s.f. The tamarind tree.

s.m. Spirituous liquor, any intoxicating liquor
or drug; intoxication:amal-pn, s.m.
Intoxicating liquor of any kind (=amal).
S amla, H. amal, adj. Sour,
acid;s.m. Sourness, acidity.
S amal, adj. (f. -), Clean, pure;
bright, clear.
H ml [S. ], s.m. The become blunt or deadened by acidity (the
plant Emblic Myrobalan, Phyllanthus emblica
(commonly called wl).
A iml [inf. n. iv of ' to fill'], s.m. Filling
up, completing; inditing, writing correctly;
orthography, dictation:iml-dn, iml-navs,
s.m. One who writes correctly.
A amlk, s.f. pl. (of milk), Possessions,
goods, estates, property, lands.
A imlk [inf. n. iv of ' to possess'], s.m.
lit. 'Putting in possession'; possessions,
&c.=amlk, q.v.:imlk-i-gair-manqla,
(See iml.)
S amalin, adj. Stainless, free from
dirt, clean, pure.
H amaln [S. or ], v.n.
To be affected with a tension of the veins of the
belly, especially of the umbilical cord.
H amaln [S. ], v.n. To
teeth):amal-jn, Idem.
H iml imli, aml [S.
], s.f. The tamarind tree (Tamarindus
indica) and its fruit. (Also written imbl, ambl.)
A umam, s.f. pl. (of ummat), Peoples,
nations, sects, tribes.
S amamat, amamt, s.f.
Disinterestedness, unselfishness; indifference,
stoicism.

168
A amn, vulg. aman, s.m. Security, safety;
tranquillity, peace:amn-amn, amn o amn,
s.m. Security and tranquillity;adv. In safety
and peace:aman-ain, s.m. aman-amn:
aman-me rakhn, v.t. To keep in safety, &c.,
to take care of, preserve:aman-me rahn,
v.n. To dwell in peace, &c.
H man, s.f. A large oval mango
(m).
H umang [S. +, rt. ],
s.f. Excessive joy, elation, rapture, transport;
exultation, intoxication (of success); pride,
conceit; excessive desire, longing; ambition.
(Also written umag.)
S amangal, adj. Unlucky,
inauspicious, disastrous, evil;s.m. Ill-luck; an
evil omen; inauspiciousness; an unpleasantness,
anything disagreeable, calamity, disaster.

H man [S. + , lit. 'of or H umangn (see umang), v.n. To

relating to the mango'; but cf. wan], s.m. The be elated or exultant; to swell with joy or
rice crop which is sown in July (or the mango pleasure; to advance with joy or exultingly;to
season), and reaped in December, the winter swell, heave, dilate, expand, fill out; to be
rice-crop:man-dhn, s.m. Idem. flushed or intoxicated (with success).

H mn, v.n. (prov.)=n, q.v. H umang [umang, q.v.+S. aff.

A mann, adv. lit. 'We believe'; yea, verily. ], adj. Elated, transported, exultant, flushed,
intoxicated; desirous; sanguine; ambitious.
H mn-smn (redupl.
of smn, q.v.), s.m. Confronting, opposition; H amanojog,
front;adj. Facing, opposite:mne-smne, s.m.=amanoyog, q.v.
adv. Opposite, face to face, in front:mne-
smne-k, adj. Opposite, facing:mne-smne S amanont, adj.
karn, v.t. To confront, face; to place before or Disapproved reprobate.
in front; to bring face to face; to put side by
side, to compare.
S amanoyog, s.m.
Inattention.
H umann [S. +, rt.
S amanoyogi, adj. & s.m.
, or rt. +], v.n. To rise, swell,
Inattentive;an inattentive person.
heave, surge; to increase; to be full, to well up;
to run over, overflow; to burst forth, gush out,
S amanohar, adj. Unattractive;
be poured out; to pour forth; to gather thick, to
flock, throng; to abound; to be affected, displeasing, disagreeable.
touched, moved:uman n,
v.n.=umann:uman uman-kar ron, v.n. H maniy, many (see man),
To weep violently or bitterly:uman-pan, s.f. Land on which the winter rice-crop is sown.
v.n. (intensive of umann), To burst out or
forth; to sweep along, &c. H maniy, manya [S.
+], adj. Freed from chaff, husked,
S amanushyat, s.f.
picked, cleaned (grain, &c.):many karn,
Unmanliness; inhumanity. v.t. To pick, clean, sift.

S amanushya, = H P amnyat (A. ), s.f. Security, safety;

amanukhya, adj. & s.m. Unmanly; repose (=amn);a place of safety.
inhuman;one who is not a man; a coward.
H mne-smne, see
H amanukhya, = S s.v. mn-smn.
amanushya, adj. & s.m. Unmanly;
H amu`, amw [S. +],
inhuman;one who is not a man; a coward.
s.m. A mango (=m).

169
H amau`, s.m. Mango-colour, or precious; super-excellent, beautiful, lovely,
exquisite.
dark green colour.

A amwt, s.f. pl. (of maut, q.v.), H amol, = H amol,

Deaths;s.m. pl. (of maiyit), The dead. [S. ++dim. aff. ; Pr. +;o-l
is a com. dim. aff. in the modern Aryan
S m-vt, s.m. See s.v. m. tongues], s.m. Seedling of a mango-plant. (It is
rubbed down till an opening is made, and is
A amwj, s.f. pl. (of mauj, q.v.), Waves, blown, like a pipe or whistle, by children.)
billows.
H amol, = H amol,
H amaws, s.f.=amvas, q.v.
[S. ++dim. aff. ; Pr. +;o-l
is a com. dim. aff. in the modern Aryan
A amwl, s.m. pl. (of ml), Goods,
tongues], s.m. Seedling of a mango-plant. (It is
chattels, effects, possessions, property; riches,
rubbed down till an opening is made, and is
wealth.
blown, like a pipe or whistle, by children.)
P mota [perf. part. of motan; +rt. P ummat (for A. ), s.f. The
Zend mu = S. ], part. adj. Taught, condition of being a mother, maternity.
learned;s.m. That which has been learned; an
old lesson:mota pahn, To read over old H am [S. ], s.f. Water of life,
lessons, to revise. nectar; water, rain.

H amo, s.m.=amwa, q.v. S may, s.m. Sickness, disease.

S mod, s.m. Diffusive perfume, A umm, adj. Not knowing how to read or
odour, fragrance. write, uneducated, illiterate.

A umr, s.m. pl. (of amr), = A H amiy, s.f.=am, q.v.

umurt, s.m. pl. (of umr), Things, affairs,
matters, concerns; articles, items; actions;
commands. H amiya [], adj. Undying,
imperishable.
A umurt, s.m. pl. (of umr), = A
umr, s.m. pl. (of amr), Things, affairs, matters, H amen, = H
concerns; articles, items; actions; commands. amehn, (see aihn), v.t. To wring, twist,
pull (the ears, &c.).
S amrtt, adj. Formless, shapeless;
unembodied. H amehn, = H
amen, (see aihn), v.t. To wring, twist, pull
P moz (from motan; see mota), (the ears, &c.).
part. act. Teaching; learning; taught (used in
comp. e.g. dast-moz, taught by the hand;
H amehiy, s.m. A certain tribe
dnish-moz, s.m. A beginner, a tyro).
of Rjpts.
S amogh, adj. Unerring,
P ameta [perf. part. of metan; +rt.
unfailing; effectual; infallible; genuine, real;
productive, fruitful. Zend miz = S. ], part. adj. Mixed, mingled.

S aml, adj. Without root, destitute P umed, umd, ummed, ummaid, s.f. Hope,
expectation; trust, dependence; (syn. s, q.v.);
of origin or foundation. hope or prospect of offspring, pregnancy:
ummed-par, adv. In hope, in expectation, in
H amol [S. +], adj. anticipation (of):ummed th, It was hoped or
Priceless, invaluable, unpurchaseable, very rare expected:umed diln or dilwn (-ko), To
give hope, to lead (one) to hope, to raise

170
expectations; to promise; to assure:umed
rakhn (-k), To entertain hope, to hope, expect,
look for; to trust or confide (in); to depend
(on):ummed-se, adj. Expecting, pregnant:
ummed o bm. Hope and fear.
P mez (fr. metan; see meta), part.
Mixing; mixed; fraught with (used in comp. e.g.
mihr-mez, fraught with friendship);s.m.
Mixture (see next):mez karn, v.t. To mix,
mingle.

P ummed-wr, adj. Hoping, hopeful, P mezish (abst. s. fr. mez), s.f. Mixture,
expecting, expectant;s.m. An expectant, mixing; capability of mingling; sociableness,
applicant, candidate, petitioner, supplicant, bonhomic; mixed feelings; mingled motives;
suitor; dependent; probationer:ummedwr lack of purity or sincerity or disinterestedness;
hon, v.n. To hope; to be a candidate or duplicity; alloy, adulteration.
applicant (for a post); to serve as a probationer
or an apprentice. A amn, adj. Trusted in; trusty, trustworthy,
confidential, faithful;s.m. A person intrusted
P umedwr, s.f. Hope, hopefulness, with an office, or with affairs; a commissioner,
expectation, expectancy; dependence; trustee, guardian, umpire, arbitrator,
apprenticeship. investigator; law officer; inspector;
superintendent; an officer appointed to make
S amedhya, adj. Impure;s.m. rough surveys after the native method; an
Impure substance, impurity; fces, excrement. officer employed by Government to take charge
of an estate and collect the revenues, or to
P ummaid, adj. Hopeful, sanguine;s.m. investigate and report their amount:amn-i-
An expectant (=ummedwr, which is the more isb, s.m. An auditor of accounts.
common word).
A mn, adv. Amen, so be it;intj. God
A amr (rt. ' to command'), s.m. keep us!
Commander, governor, lord, prince, noble,
chief; a person of rank or distinction; a A P amn, s.f. The office of an amn;
gentleman:amru`l-umar, s.m. Chief of the trust, guardianship, custody; security;
nobles; lord of lords (a title given by Eastern commission; deputation:adj. Secure, safe.
princes to their prime ministers):amru`l-
bar, s.m. The commander of the fleet, an S an, A negative or privative prefix (=
admiral:amr-zda, adj. (f. -) Of noble a), corresponding to the English prefixes un-,
birth;s.m. One of noble birth or family; a in-. (In words purely Sanskrit it is prefixed only
king's son, a prince;amr-zd, s.f. to those beginning with a vowel; but in Hind
Princess:amr-i-kabr, s.m.=amru`l-umar, its use is not so restricted, as will be seen from
q.v.:amru`l-mminn, s.m. Commander of the numerous examples that follow.)
the faithful (a title assumed by the alfas or
Caliphs). H an, pron. adj.=n and anya, q.q.v.

A P amr-na, = A P amr-wr, adj.

Like a noble; noble, lordly, princely, grand, S ai, s.m. Point or edge of a sharp
stately;adv. Nobly, &c. instrument or weapon. (See a.)

A P amr-wr, = A P amr-na, adj. S au, adj. Atomic, minute, fine, small,

Like a noble; noble, lordly, princely, grand,
subtile;s.m. Atom, particle.
stately;adv. Nobly, &c.

A P amr, adj. Of or relating to an amr; S anu, An inseparable prefix (opp. to

princely, grand, magnificent;s.f. The rank or abh), denoting 'according to,' 'in imitation of,'
office of an amr; principality, lordship; 'after' (in time, place, or status).
sovereignty, sway; dignity, nobility, grandeur,
greatness:mr karn, v.n. To exercise sway S anna, ann, and H. an (lit. 'eaten,'
or authority, to rule; to lord it, to live like a from rt. ad), s.m. Food, nourishment, victuals,
prince:amr-me 'aish karn, v.n. To revel in bread; grain, corn; boiled rice:ann-hr, adj.
grandeur and luxury; to live in the enjoyment of & s.m. Eating food;food-eater; rice-eater:
luxurious ease; to neglect one's affairs. ann-pn, an-pn, s.m.=ann-jal, q.v.:ann-
prsan (S. anna-prana), s.m. The ceremony of
making a child taste rice boiled in milk (or khr)

171
for the first time (=khr an)which is
usually done between the fifth and eighth
month):ann-pr, s.f. Satiety;name of a
goddess, the Ceres of Hind mythology:ann-
jal, s.m. Food and water, victuals; subsistence,
maintenance;ann-jal karn, ann-jal-pn
karn, v.n. To eat and drink, to take food, make
a meal:ann-dt, s.m. Food-giver, provider,
supporter; benefactor, patron; employer, master,
lord:ann-ds, s.m. Rice-eater:ann-dyak,
s.m.=ann-dt, q.v.:ann-dhan, s.m. Grain and
wealth, wealth both in grain and other property;
corn and cattle; affluence, competency:ann-
ras, s.m. Chyle:ann-k k, s.m. lit. 'Grain-
worm'; (met.) man. cf. anj-k k:ann-kl, H in (the formative of the oblique cases
s.m. Harvest-time:ann-k, an-ku, s.m. A
festival celebrated by the Hinds (in
commemoration of Krishna's sacrifice) on the
day following the Dwl by the offering of a
large quantity of mixed meats in a temple
dedicated to Vishnu. (A morsel of this mess is
given by the officiating priest to each
worshipper, who finds therein some special
article of food from which he or she had vowed
temporarily to abstain in the hope of obtaining
some desired blessing):ann na bhn, v.n. To
derive no pleasure from food, to be indifferent,
or averse, to food:ann-hn, adj. Destitute of
food, or of subsistence; needy.
P (cf. H. n, and S. anya), pron. dem.
That:n-j, adv. In that place, there:-i,
pron. That which, whatsoever:-ki, pron.
That which; he who.
H P n [S. , ; and cf. and A an (rt. ), s.m. Postponement; delay;
; Prk. or ], s.f. Course, way, opportune or seasonable moment;
manner, mode (=andz, hang, taur); natural
disposition or temperament; habit, peculiarity;
way or manner of a belle or a coquette,
gracefulness, grace, elegance, charm,
blandishment (=ad); affectation; bashfulness,
modesty; conceit, pride; will, pleasure, wish;
rank, dignity, respectability, reputation,
character; proper spirit, self-respect; established
rule or custom; vow, oath; promise; interdicted
thing; objection, scruple; hindrance,
prohibition:n-bn, s.f. Way, fashion; habit,
peculiarity; grace, elegance, beauty; pride,
conceit; spirit, proper pride, dignity:n-binn,
s.m. Scrupulousness, niceness:n-ton (-k),
To violate or infringe the established rule or
custom (of), to break away (from); to violate an
oath or a vow; to break a promise:n-mn,
s.m. Respect, honour, consideration (=dar):
n-mn-se, adv. With consideration,
respectfully, honourably:n mnn (-k), To
recognize the rank or dignity (of), to
acknowledge the superiority of; to confess
oneself beaten or vanquished; to swear
allegiance to.
H n, an, pron. adj. Other, &c.=S.
anya, q.v.
H n [S. ], s.f. Order, command
(=ggy, and ukm).
A n, s.f. Time; moment, instant, second:
n-k n-me, adv. In a second, in an instant, in
a trice (=na-fna, q.v.).
plural of the pron. yeh), These; them; this (man)
him (by way of politeness):in dino, adv.
these days, now-a-days.
H un (the Form. of the oblique cases
plur. of the pron. woh), Those; them; him (by
way of respect).
H un [S. ], adj. Less, deficient,
wanting, minus; one less than (in which sense it
is prefixed to the even decimal numerals from
twenty up to a hundred, e.g. un-ns, one less
than twenty, or nineteen; un-ts, one less than
thirty, or twenty-nine, and so on):un-vak
sangy, s.f. (in Gram.) A diminutive.
H u [S. ], intj. of interrogation; of
anger; of reproach; of contempt.
opportunity:an-parast, adj. Procrastinating,
dilatory; time-serving; seeking opportunity;
s.m. Dilatory person; time-server.
H ann [S. +; cf. Zend ana, an,
and T. an, 'mother'], s.f. A wet-nurse, nurse
(syn. dh`, d`).
H n [S. , or , 'inferior,
small'; rt. ], s.m. A copper coin, the
sixteenth part of a rupee; a measure of land
equal to 1640th of an acre; a sixteenth part or
share in a business or property. (The term n is
also used in estimating quality, character, and
ability,much as the expression 'Sixteen
ounces to the pound' is used in England;thus,
a man is said to be about 12 nsi.e. as not
quite up to the mark):n-kar, s.m. A fee or
levy of one anna per rupee.
172
H n (see next), s.m. Coming, advent, adv. With or without measure, beyond measure,
excessive; immeasurably, immoderately,
arrival (=wan):n-jn, s.m. Coming and
excessively.
going; intercourse; visiting; communication;
interchange of visits.
S an-tur, adj. Free from suffering
H n [S. +, rt. ; or or sickness, healthy, vigorous;adv. Well.
, rt. ; cf. the Hind forms and
S an-tm, adj. Not having
], v.n. To come; to approach; to arrive, subdued self or one's own mind.
reach (to), attain (to); to be acquired; to know
how, to be able (=Fr. savoir); to come to pass, S a-nth, adj. Without lord,
happen, betide, befall; to be or become; to
protector, husband, master or owner;
appear; to grow, increase, swelled be inflamed;
husbandless, protectorless, fatherless; poor,
to rise, to overflow; to come (on, -me), to fit;
helpless, forlorn;s.m. A friendless or a
to be bent or set (upon, -par); to come on, come
destitute person; widow; orphan:anth-
forth, to pass away, to pass (as urine, semen,
banjar, s.m. Land without an owner which is
&c.):-pan, n-pan (-par), To come or lying uncultivated, unclaimed waste.
fall (upon), come down, descend (upon); to fall
(to), to be acquired, to accrue (to); to befall,
betide; to present oneself or itself:- S a-nthak, adj. Pertaining to the
pahun, v.n. To come or draw near, to come unprotected, &c.
(to), arrive (at):-jn, v.n. To come, &c.
(=n); to come, or appear, suddenly or H anj [S. + ], s.m. Grain,
unexpectedly: -rahn, n-rahn, v.n. To fall or corn; food:anj-k dushman, s.m. lit. 'Enemy
come down (from, -se); to come and reside or of grain'; a lazy fellow, an idler:anj-k k,
dwell (in, -me):-girn, v.n. To fall down anj-k kohl, s.m. Grain-worm, weevil;one
(=gir pan); to fall (upon); to press, throng, who subsists on corn (as man).
make a rush (at or upon):-lagn, v.n. To be
close upon, be close at hand; to beset, to fall
S an-r, adj. Not given to
(upon), lie in wait for:-len, n-len, v.t. To
come up to, to reach, to overtake:-miln, n- religious observances; regardless of custom,
miln (-se), To come in contact (with), to meet law or propriety; irreligious; unprincipled; ill-
(with), unite (with):n-bann (-par), To behaved; indecorous, indecent;s.m. One who
happen (to), to be afflicted (by), be overtaken is not given to religious observances; an
(by):-nikaln, v.n. To chance to come, to unprincipled man, &c.;neglect or disregard of
come suddenly or unexpectedly, to turn up. religious observances; irreligion, unprincipled
(The root of n, in the sense of 'to happen,' and or improper conduct, indecorum.
sometimes of 'with,' is commonly prefixed to
other neuter verbs of motion. Compare with this S an-r, adj.=an-r, q.v.
use of it that of the French verb venir 'to come.'
n is sometimes added to a verbal base to S an-it ( ++ ),
intensify it, e.g. uh-n, nikl-n, To rise
suddenly; to escape away, to come right out. It adv.=an-it, q.v.
is also used to form statical verbs: e.g. rote n,
'to come weeping.') H an-it, = H
an-t, (from an-it), s.f.
H nn, v.t.= nn, q.v. Thoughtlessness, inattention; ignorance,
stupidity.
A inn (in+n), Indeed we, truly we. (It
occurs only in Arabic phrases, e.g. inn ilaihi H an-t, = H
rje`n, 'Truly we return to Him.')
an-it, (from an-it), s.f.
P inbat [for A. , inf. n. iv of ' to Thoughtlessness, inattention; ignorance,
return,' &c.], s.f., Return to the true faith, stupidity.
conversion to God, penitence, repentance.
S an-di, = S an-d adj.
H anp [S. +], adj. Without Without beginning; eternal; immemorial;
measure:anp-sa-np, anp-anp, adj. & unborn, uncreated:an-d banjar, s.f. Land that

173
has been waste from time immemorial:and- H an-pan, = H
bhmi, s.f. Land transferred by mortgage.
an-pan, [S. + ], s.m.
S an-d, = S an-di adj. Awkwardness, clumsiness, inexpertness,
unskilfulness, uncouthness; bungling;
Without beginning; eternal; immemorial;
ignorance, stupidity, silliness.
unborn, uncreated:an-d banjar, s.f. Land that
has been waste from time immemorial:and-
bhmi, s.f. Land transferred by mortgage. H an-pan, = H
an-pan, [S. + ], s.m.
S an-ditwa, s.m. Eternity Awkwardness, clumsiness, inexpertness,
without beginning. unskilfulness, uncouthness; bungling;
ignorance, stupidity, silliness.
S an-dar, s.m. Disrespect,
disregard, irreverence; disparagement; H uns, unns [S.
indignity, affront, slight:an-dar karn (-k), ], adj. Seventy-nine.
To disregard, disparage, scorn, &c.
S a-nya, adj. Indestructible,
S an-drit, part. Unhonoured
imperishable.
disregarded.
A na-fna (i.e. na-fa-na; na,
S an-darya, adj. Not to be acc. of n, q.v.), adv. Every moment,
honoured or venerated; disreputable. constantly, incessantly:na-fna-me, adv.
In a moment, instantly=n-k-n-me, q.v.s.v.
P anr, s.m. The pomegranate, Punica n.
granatum; a kind of firework (shaped like a
pomegranate):anr-e-be-dna, s.m. A S an-kr, adj. Without form,
superior species of pomegranate without seeds
shapeless.
(brought from Cabul and Persia):anr-dna,
s.m. Pomegranate seed (used in the digestive
termed pak); a species of millet (so called H an-kra [S. +
from its resemblance to the seed of the +], adv. Without cause or occasion,
pomegranate); a kind of red checked cloth groundlessly, uselessly, needlessly.
(worn by women).
H nknt, s.f.=ankrnt,
H anr-pan, s.m.=an-pan,
q.v.
q.v.

P anr, adj. Of or relating to, or H an-kn, = H

resembling the pomegranate. nkn, [S. ++], s.f.
? anr, adj. & s.m.=an, q.v. Turning a deaf ear; overlooking, winking or
conniving at; fighting shy of; shyness,
H an-, adj. Not easily discovered, backwardness, reserve:n-kn den, v.t. To
turn a deaf ear (to); to overlook, wink or
secret. connive at, pay no heed (to), disregard, feign
blindness (to); make light of; fight shy of; to
H anipan, anpan, pretend, make excuses; to evade, shuffle:n-
s.m.=an-pan, q.v kn de-jn, and n-kn karn, v.t. Idem.

H an [S. +], adj. & s.m. H nkn, = H

Unskilful, awkward, clumsy, inexpert;
inexperienced, unpractised, raw; uncouth, low,
vulgar; uninformed, illiterate, ignorant;
novice, bungler, recruit, greenhorn; lout;
blockhead, fool, idiot.
an-kn, [S. ++], s.f.
Turning a deaf ear; overlooking, winking or
conniving at; fighting shy of; shyness,
backwardness, reserve:n-kn den, v.t. To
turn a deaf ear (to); to overlook, wink or
connive at, pay no heed (to), disregard, feign
blindness (to); make light of; fight shy of; to

174
pretend, make excuses; to evade, shuffle:n- S an-hr, adj. Fasting;s.m.
kn de-jn, and n-kn karn, v.t. Idem.
One who fasts.

S ankrnt (lit.
S an-ys, s.m. Absence of
'unassailable'), s.f. Prickly nightshade, Solanum
effort or exertion, ease, facility;adj. & adv.
jacquini.
Easy, ready;easily, freely, readily;
involuntarily.
S an-gat, part. adj. (rt. gam).
Not come, not arrived; future; not attained, not S a-nyak, adj. Having no leader
learnt; unknown.
or ruler, without a chief or protector; disorderly.

S an-gamya, adj. Inaccessible, A anab, s.m. The egg plant and its fruit,
unapproachable; unattainable, unobtainable. Solanum melongena. (The common name is
baigan).
A anm, coll. subst. m. pl. Mankind,
mortals; creatures (=alq); jinn; demons. S ambu = ambu, q.v.

S a-nm, s.m. The ring finger. H b, s.m. Mango (=m, q.v.).

H anmat, s.f. (by metathesis) for amnat,

q.v. S amb, s.f. Mother (=amm, q.v.).

S anmik, s.f. The ring finger P ambr [v.n. fr. ambshtan; Z. ham+rt.
(=anm, q.v.). bar; S. +] , s.m. Heap, stack, pile;
accumulation; stock, store; magazine,
A anmil, s.m. pl. (of anmila), Fingers; tips granary:ambr-na, s.m. Store-room;
of the fingers. warehouse, magazine.

S an-may, adj. Healthy; unhurt, H ambr (corr. of ` amr),

uninjured;s.m. (f.?) Healthiness, health. s.f. Canopy; a litter used on an elephant or
camel. (When there is no canopy, the litter is
P nn, demons. pron. pl. (of ), Those; called a hauda.)
they:nn-ki, Those who.
H amb, s.m. = H
H anns (from the amb, s.f. See amb and
Portuguese), s.m. The pine-apple, Ananassa amb.
sativa. (See ananns.)

P annyat, anniyat (for A. , abst. H amb, s.f. = H

subst. from an, 'I'), s.f. Egotism, boasting, amb, s.m. See amb and
arrogance, self-conceit. (Syn. ahakr.) amb.

S an-vrit, part. adj. Uncovered; H amb, s.f.=ambr, q.v.

undressed; uninclosed; bare; open.
P ambz, s.m. Partner, associate (cf.
S an-vrishi, s.f. Want of ambr).
rain, drought.
P ambz, s.f. Partnership, association.

H unh [S. , or +], s.m. P ambn, s.m. A very soft kind of goat-skin
Hot vapour, steam; evaporation:unh len, or leather, cordovan, kid-skin; a leathern bag;
v.t. To take a vapour bath; to inhale steam. wallet, purse.

S an-hr, s.m. Abstinence from H ambat, adj. Sour, acid (=

food, fasting, starvation. ambat).

175
H ambatn, v.n. To become S anu-bandh, s.m. Binding,
sour; to be set on edge (as the teeth). connection, attachment; relation; friend;
uninterrupted succession; posterity; sequence,
H ambat [S. +], s.f. A consequence; commencement, beginning.
species of sorrel, Oxalis corniculata (=ambot).
H an-bindh, adj. Unpierced,
S ambuj (ambu+ja), s.m. The lotus. &c.=an-bedh, q.v.
(See and .)
S anu-bandhan, s.m. Binding,
S ambar = ambar, q.v. connection; uinterrupted succession; unbroken
series.
H ambar = ` ambar, q.v.
S anu-bandh, adj. Connected
H ambr` = ambr`, q.v. with, attached; resulting.

H ambot, s.f.=ambat, q.v.

S anu-bartt, adj. Attached to,
observant, following;s.m. A deputy.
H an-bjh, adj. Not knowing or
H ambara (A. +P. ), s.m. A kind of understanding; ignorant, witless; unintentional.
ornamental drawing; a certain mode of
decoration; an ornament (for the neck) filled H an-bol, adj. (f. -), Speechless;
with amber. (The word seems to be peculiar to
silent dumb (=abol):anbol rn, s.f. Lit 'A
Southern and Western India.)
silent queen'; a proud, or vain, woman. H
amboh, s.m. Crowd, multitude, concourse,
A imbist [inf. n. vii of ' to spread, throng, mob; great quantity or abundance;adj.
expand'], s.f. Gladness, joy, delight, Numerous, vast.
cheerfulness, recreation, mirth.
H an-boy (see bon), adj.
S ambik = ambik, q.v.
Unsown, unplanted; uncultivated; wild;
spontaneous.
H ambal, s.m.= wal, q.v.
H amba, s.m.= amb, and m,
H ambil = ambil, q.v. q.q.v.

S anu-bal, s.m. The rear of an S anu-bhv, anu-bh`o, s.m.

army. Dignity, authority, power; sign, indication; firm
opinion, conviction, belief.
H ambaln, v.n.= amaln, q.v.
H an-bhy (see bhn), adj. (f.
H ambl, imbl = iml, -), Distasteful, disagreeable, unpleasant,
displeasing, repugnant, hateful, odious;s.m.
q.v.
A disagreeable person, &c.

H an-ban, = H an-
S an-abhijnat, s.f.
ban`o, (see ban-n), s.m. Discord,
Ignorance, stupidity.
disagreement, difference, misunderstanding,
dissension, jar, quarrel, dispute; dislike, enmity.
S an-abhijna, adj. Not aware,
H an-ban`o, = H ignorant.
an-ban, (see ban-n), s.m. Discord,
disagreement, difference, misunderstanding, H an-bhal (see bhal), s.m. Ill-
dissension, jar, quarrel, dispute; dislike, enmity. luck, bad fortune.

176
H an-bhal (see bhal), adj. (f. - H ambkr, s.m. A sailor, pilot
), Not good, bad.
S an-abhilsh, s.m. Absence
of desire, indifference.
S an-abhilsh, adj.
Lacking desire, indifferent;s.m. One who is
free from desire.
S anu-bhav, s.m. Comprehension
in the mind, perception; judgment, opinion;
conjecture, hypothesis; experience, practical
knowledge; consequence, result.
S
anu-bht, part. Perceived,
comprehended; experienced, felt; guessed;
indicated.
S ambhoj = ambhoj, q.v.
S anu-bhog, vulg. anbhog (still medicine; anything in which a medicine is
further corr. to anbh`o), s.m. Enjoyment of
property; taking possession of land; a grant of
hereditary land in return for service.
H an-bhay, an-bha`,
adj.=a-bhay, q.v.
H mb (an+vj), adj. Unsown,
unplanted, wild, of spontaneous growth; s.m.
That which grows spontaneously.
H ambiy, s.f.= ambiy, q.v.
A ambiy, s.m. pl. (of nab), Prophets.
H an-biyh [S.
+], adj. (f. -), Unmarried;s.m.
An unmarried man, a bachelor.
H an-biyh (see preceding), s.m. Guiltlessness, blamelessness, innocence.
s.f. An unmarried girl, virgin, spinster.
H an-bedh [S. + +], Unoffending, faultless, guiltless, blameless,
part. adj. Unpierced, unbored, unperforated
(=an-bindh).
A ambq, s.m. A still, an alembic. (cf. S anu-prs, s.m. Repetition of
qarambq.)
(= amb-kr:The word would appear to
be peculiar to Southern India).
H an-up, adj. Incomparable, &c.=an-
upam, q.v.
S anu-pt, adj. Following in
succession; following as a consequence or
result.
S anu-ptak, s.m. Any heinous
offence short of a capital crime.
H anupm, = H
anupm, adj.= an-upam, q.v.
H anupm, = H
anupm, adj.= an-upam, q.v.
S anu-pn, s.m. A vehicle in
mixed to facilitate the taking of it, or which is
swallowed after the medicine.
H ann-pn, v.s.v. ann.
H an-p`on (see pa`on,
pn), adj. (f. -), Unobtainable.
S an-apyin, adj. Imperishable,
indestructible; unfailing, enduring.
S an-apatya, adj. Having no
progeny, childless.
H an-pa, s.f. Indigestion (=bad-
ham), morbid weakness of the stomach.
S an-apardh, adj.
Unoffending, guiltless. &c. (=the next, q.v.);
S an-apardh, adj.
innocent;s.m. An unoffending or innocent
person.
similar letters, syllables, and words (in
composition); alliteration.
H ann-prsan, v.s.v. ann.
177
 S ant, s.m. End, limit, term,
S an-apariay, s.m. Non- boundary, border; period, utmost extent, whole
acquaintance. amount; completion, conclusion, termination;
issue, result, consequence; end of life, death,
H an-pratt (for S. a-pratt), dissolution, destruction; end in view, aim,
intention, purpose; definite ascertainment,
adj. Unfriendly; faithless, unbelieving.
certain knowledge, certainty; knowledge or
intelligence (of), account (of), news; inner part,
H am-pan, v.n.=n-pan, inside, life, soul, mind, heart; nature, essence;
q.v.s.v. n. condition; proximity;adj. Last, final,
ultimate;adv. (S. ante), In the end, at last,
H an-pah, = H an- finally, after all (=ant-ko and ant-me):ant-
pah, (see pahn), adj. Unlettered, bhg, s.m. The last or latter part, the end; the
uneducated, uninformed, illiterate. New Testament (in contradistinction to di-
bhg or the Old Testament):ant-samay = ant-
kl, q.v.:ant-kr, adj. Final, conclusive,
H an-pah, = H decisive:ant-kl, s.m. The hour of death,
an-pah, (see pahn), adj. Unlettered, dying moment, the end:ant-ko, adv. At last,
uneducated, uninformed, illiterate. finally, in the end, ultimately:ant-laghu, s.m.
(in Prosody), A metre that has a short or light
S an-upasthit, adj. Not final syllable:ant-guru, s.m. (in Prosody),
present; not ready. Any measure having a long or heavy final
syllable:ant len or le-len (-k), To worry
the life out (of), to harass, plague, persecute:
S an-upakr, adj. Helpless;
ant-me, adv.=ant-ko and ant, q.q.v.:ant
unserviceable, useless. han (-k) = ant len, q.v.

S anu-pal, s.m. The sixtieth part of H anat, ant [S. ], adv.

a pal, or two-fifths of a second; a moment, an
instant.
S an-upam, adj. Incomparable,
unequalled, matchless, unexampled; excellent,
best.
S a-nipu, adj. Unskilled,
unskilful.
S
nu-prv, s.m. = S
nu-prv, s.f. Regular succession,
order, method; rank, row.
S nu-prv, s.f. = S
nu-prv, s.m. Regular succession,
order, method; rank, row.
Somewhere else, elsewhere.
H anit, ant [S. +], adj.
Not lasting for ever, frail, perishable, transient,
fleeting.
H t [S. ], s.f. Entrails,
intestines, guts: viscera, tripe:t `on, v.n.
To suffer from the coming down of the
rectum:t-k bah-n, Protrusion of a gut,
rupture, hernia:t girn, v.n. To void white
glutinous stools:te samen, lit. 'To
double or fold up the guts'; to go without
food:te mosn, Idem.
S unnat, part. adj. Elevated; high,
tall;s.m. Height, elevation (=next, q.v.):
unnat karn, v.t. To elevate.

S an-apeksh, adj. Disregarding, S unnati, s.f. Elevation, height;

neglecting;s.m. A negligent person.
S an-apeksh, s.f. Disregard,
heedlessness, carelessness, indifference.
H an-apekh, adj.=an-apeksh,
q.v.
rising, ascending; advancement, exaltation;
increase, prosperity.
S anu-tp, s.m. Regret, remorse,
repentance.
S anu-tpit, part. adj. Troubled
in mind, remorseful, repentant.

178
 (=antar-dhyn);adj. Invisible, out of sight;
S anu-tp, adj. Remorseful, concealed:antar-dhn hon, To disappear,
become invisible; to vanish; to be concealed:
penitent, contrite;s.m. A penitent.
antar-dhyn, s.m. Profound meditation:antar
ko, s.m. Inner corner; interior angle:antar-
S anu-tr, s.m. A minor planet; a gat, adj. Gone into, entered; being in the
satellite. interior, internal, innermost, hidden, secret;
adv. In the interior (of -ke), within, inside;
H untls [S. ], s.f.=antar-gati, s.f. Inward sensations or
adj. Thirty-nine. feelings, emotions; what is in the mind, mental
state;adj. Vanished from the mind,
forgotten;antar-gang, s.m. A kind of water
S antaj (i.e. anta+ja, 'last born'),
plant bearing a white flower, Pistia stratiotes:
s.m. A dra; a person of low caste. antar-manas, adj. Sad, perplexed:antar-ang,
s.m. Relative; intimate friend; consanguinity:
A inteb [inf. n. viii of ' to extract']. antar-wl, adj. Internal, inner; inward:antar-
s.m. Extraction; extract; selection; election, hit, part. Covered, hidden, concealed, secret.
choice:inteb karn, v.t. To extract, make
an extract or extracts (from); to select, choose, S antra, vulg. antar, s.f. Entrails, &c.
pick out, cull.
See t.
A P inteb, adj. Selected, culled;
select.
S an-uttar, adj. Without a reply,
S antar, s.m. Interior, inside, unable to answer, silent, silenced (=l jawb).
contents, the midst; soul, mind, heart, supreme
soul; mystery, secret; property, peculiarity; S antar adj. f. (of antara),
difference, contrast (=farq); hole, opening, gap, Intermediate; intermittent; similar; other,
interval, intermediate space or time (=bih different, &c.;adv. In the midst, in the
and fila); distance; corner, side, quarter of the interior, inside, within, among, between; during,
heavens; period, term; pause, stop; opportunity, in the interval between morning and evening; in
occasion;adj. Interior, internal, inner; secret, the meantime; nearly, almost; near at hand;
hidden; intermediate, interposed; intermittent; therein; except, without:antar-tap, s.f.
distant; different, other; similar; near, related, Intermittent fever, tertian ague.
intimate;adv. On one side, out of the way,
apart, separate; except, without; in the middle H antar, antr [S. +],
or interior; in, within, between, amongst (=S. adj. Situated in the midst, central, centrical;
antar):antar-pat (S. antara+apatya), adj. s.m. A verse, any verse of a song, &c. excepting
Pregnant (a woman); with young (an animal): the first.
antar-tm, s.m. The soul, the inherent supreme
spirit:antar-bh`o, s.m. Internal or inherent
nature, disposition;adj. Inherent, innate, S antarl, s.m. Intermediate
inbred:antar-bht, part. Situated in the midst; space;adj. Situated in the midst, central.
being within:antar-bed, antar-bed, s.f. The
region of Kannauj lying between the Ganges S antar-pa, s.m. See antar for
and the Jamn, commonly called the Do`b; compounds beginning with .
part of a country lying between two rivers (as
Mesopotamia):antar-pa, s.m. Curtain or
S antarit, part. adj. Interior,
screen placed between the bride and
bridegroom until the right moment of union is internal, inward.
arrived; curtain, screen:antar-jt, adj. Innate,
inbred:antar-jm (S. antar+ym), s.m. Lit. H antarih, s.m.=antarksh,
'Pervading the inward parts'; the Supreme spirit, q.v.
Brahm, Vishnu:antara-jnn, s.m. Knower of
the inward parts or of the heart, the Deity: S ntrik, adj. Within or relating
antar-dh, s.m. Internal heat; fever; hoart-
burning:antar-dush, adj. Internally bad, to the bowels, visceral.
wicked, vile:antar-dwr, s.m. A private or
secret door (within the house):antar-dhn, S antariksh, s.m.=antarksh,
s.m. Disappearance, invisibility, vanishing out q.v.
of sight; concealment; profound meditation

179
H atr, s.f.= at, q.v. A intishr [inf. n. viii of ' to spread,'],
s.m. Spreading abroad, divulging, propagation;
explanation; scattering, dispersion; confusion.
H antariy, antriy [S.
+, or ], adj. Intermitting;s.m. A intizr [inf. n. ' to behold'], s.m. = A
Intermittent fever=antar-tap, q.v. P intizr, s.f. Expecting, waiting
(anxiously); looking out; expectation;
S antarp, s.m. Promontory; expectancy:intizr dekhn (-k), To be on the
watch or look-out (for):intizr (or intizr)
headland, cape.
karn or khain (-k or -k), To look out
(for), watch (for); to wait anxiously (for); to
H antarh, = S expect; to look forward (to), to anticipate:
antarksh, s.m. The intermediate intizr-kash, adj. Expecting, looking out (for).
space between heaven and earth; atmosphere,
air, sky, firmament;adv. In the air; out of A P intizr, s.f. = A intizr [inf. n.
sight. ' to behold'], s.m. Expecting, waiting
(anxiously); looking out; expectation;
expectancy:intizr dekhn (-k), To be on the
S antarksh, = H
watch or look-out (for):intizr (or intizr)
antarh, s.m. The intermediate karn or khain (-k or -k), To look out
space between heaven and earth; atmosphere, (for), watch (for); to wait anxiously (for); to
air, sky, firmament;adv. In the air; out of expect; to look forward (to), to anticipate:
sight. intizr-kash, adj. Expecting, looking out (for).

S ntarksh, adj. Belonging A intizm [inf. n. viii of ' to join, range,

string,' &c.], s.m. Arrangement, disposition,
to the space between earth and heaven,
order, regularity, method, system; regulation,
atmospherical, heavenly, celestial;s.m. Sky,
organization, management; administration,
&c. (=antarksh, q.v.).
form of government; plan, scheme:intizm
den (-ko), To give or impart order, method or
S antarya, adj. Internal, inner, arrangement (to), to arrange, order, regulate:
under, lower, middle (=bhtar-k and bl). intizm rakhn, To keep order, maintain
discipline:intizm karn, v.t. To arrange, set
H at, at [S. +], s.f. in order, adjust, regulate; to make arrangements
Entrail, &c.=t, q.v. The plural, at-iy, also (for), provide (against); to manage, direct; to
signifies 'vitals,' 'heart,' 'life':at-k (or plan, devise.
atiyo-k) bal kholn, To undo the twist of
the entrails, to eat a bellyful after starving: A inte`sh [inf. n. viii of ' to lift up,'
at-me (or atiyo-me) bal pan or pa- &c.], s.m. Recovering from sickness; regaining
jn, To suffer from a twisting of the entrails, to one's legs after stumbling; recovery.
have the belly-ache:atiy aoln (-k), To
A intif` [inf. n. viii of ' to be profitable,'
feel the stomach: atiy jaln, v.n. To feel
&c.], s.m. Being benefited, deriving advantage;
a burning sensation in the stomach through
profit, advantage (=naf`a).
hunger, to feel very hungry:atiy qul
huwa`llh pahn, lit. 'The stomach repeating, A intiql [inf. n. viii of ' to transport,'
"Say, He is God"'; to have a rumbling of the &c.], s.m. Transporting, transmitting,
stomach through hunger, to feel very hungry transferring; transposition, transmission,
(=atiy jaln):atiy gale-me pan, transference; migration; transportation; transit,
lit. 'To have the vitals on the neck'; to fall into passage; deportation, extradition; transfer,
great trouble, to be involved in calamity: conveyance; circulation (of eurrency); removal;
atiyo-me g lagn = atiy jaln, q.v. death; translation; transmigration:intiql az
dary-e-shor, Transportation beyond seas:
A intisb [inf. n. viii of ' to refer (to), intiql-e-j`e-dd, Transfer of property:
&c.], s.m. Being related to or descended from;
intiql-e-jaiz, Legal or valid transfer or
relation; descent, lineage (=nasab).
conveyance:intiql-e-d`im, Transfer in
perpetuity:intiql-e-rahn, Conveyance or
H anta-stha, v.s.v. anta. alienation by mortgage:intiql karn, v.t. To

180
transmit, transfer, transport, transpose, convey,
remove; to dispose of; to depart from, quit,
leave;v.n. To depart this life, to die:intiql-
kunanda, s.m. One who conveys, alienor:
intiql-granda, s.m. Transferee; alienee:
intiql-nma, s.m. Deed of transfer or
conveyance.
H ante [S. + ], adv.
Elsewhere, to another place. (See anat.)
S a-nityat, s.f. Want of
permanency, transient existence, transitoriness,
frailness.

A P intiql, s.f. Transfer of a zamndr or S antya-ja, antyaj; see s.v. antya.

other property; the property so transferred:
intiql-bah, s.f. Register of transfers of
property:intiql rusm, s.f. Transfer fees, H unts [S. ], adj.
fees for entering a transfer of property in the Twenty-nine.
official register.
H antsr, s.m.=atisr, q.v.
A intiqm [inf. n. viii of ' to take
revenge'], s.m. Revenge, retaliation, reprisal:
S ante-ws, s.m. A pupil
intiqm len (-k), To take revenge (for), to
revenge oneself, to retaliate, make reprisals who resides with his tutor, resident pupil;
(syn. badl len). disciple;adv. in statu pupillari.

S antik, adj. Near, proximate. H anteh, adv.=ante, q.v.

S ant-kl; For compounds S a-nitya, adj. Uneternal, not

beginning with ant-, see s.v. . lasting or permanent, temporary, frail,
perishable, fleeting, transient (=anit):anitya-
datta, anitya-dattaka, adj. Temporarily
H anta-kara; see s.v.
granted;s.m. A child adopted for a certain
antah. term.

S antim, adj. Last, posterior, final, S antya, adj. Last (in place, time, or
ultimate. order); lowest (in position or condition);
belonging to the lowest caste;s.m. A man of
S antah, anta, antas the lowest caste; (in Math.) the last term of a
(changeable to antash = antar), adj. Interior, progression or series; a hundred billions:
internal, inner, &c. (used as first member of antyaj (for antya-ja), antya-janma, s.m. lit.
compounds):antah-pt, adj. Included, 'Last-born'; one born of the last or fourth caste,
comprised in:antah-pur, s.m. A royal palace; a dra;antya-janman, s.f. A woman of the
the inner, or women's apartments:antah-stha, lowest or dra caste:antya-var,
anta-stha, s.m. lit. 'Situated in the interior or s.m.=antya-janma, q.v.
middle'; the semi-vowels , , (so called
because, in the arrangement of the Devangar H ana [S. +], s.m. Injustice,
alphabet, these letters stand between the other grievous oppression.
consonants and the sibilants): antah-arr,
s.m. The inner or spiritual part (of a man), soul, H ana, an, = H , [S.
conscience:antah-kara, anta-kara, antas-
+ , rt. ], s.f. Twist, turn, fold; a
kara, antash-kara, s.m. Understanding, mind,
soul, conscience, heart; that which is in the peculiar fold of the dhot (q.v.); entanglement;
mind, thoughts, will, intention, motive:antah- knot, joint (of a finger, &c. cf. a, t); mark
ko, s.m. Inner corner; interior angle (=antar- or scratch made on silver or gold to test its
ko). purity; opposition, contrariety, antagonism,
enmity; grudge; envy; jar; misunderstanding
A intih [inf. n. viii of ' to reach' (the (cf. ain, an): pan (-me), To become
end)], s.f. Termination, end, extremity, utmost knotted or entangled; to have a feeling of
point or limit, summit, utmost extent; antagonism, enmity, envy, &c., to be at enmity
completion:intih-k, adj. (f. -), Extreme, (with), have a grudge (against); to have a
utmost, uttermost; perfect, consummate. misunderstanding or difference (with):an-
san, an-k san, adj. Irrelevant, unsuitable,

181
inapplicable, inappropriate:t-st, s.f.
Combination, league, intrigue, plot; a rambling H awn (caus. of an), v.t.
or irrelevant speech; an evasive answer. To cause to be contained (in), to make (a thing),
go or fit (into another), to put in, cram (into); to
H , = H ana, an, [S. cause to be filled.
+ , rt. ], s.f. Twist, turn, fold; a
peculiar fold of the dhot (q.v.); entanglement; H ahln (see and ainh),
knot, joint (of a finger, &c. cf. a, t); mark v.n. To twist; to tighten; to writhe; to swagger,
or scratch made on silver or gold to test its strut, walk affectedly; to give oneself airs
purity; opposition, contrariety, antagonism, (=ihln, q.v.).
enmity; grudge; envy; jar; misunderstanding
(cf. ain, an): pan (-me), To become H ahln, v.n. To stutter
knotted or entangled; to have a feeling of (=ah-ln).
antagonism, enmity, envy, &c., to be at enmity
(with), have a grudge (against); to have a
misunderstanding or difference (with):an- H ahl, s.f. dim. of h, q.v.
san, an-k san, adj. Irrelevant, unsuitable,
inapplicable, inappropriate:t-st, s.f. H ahwn, v.t.=awn, q.v.
Combination, league, intrigue, plot; a rambling
or irrelevant speech; an evasive answer. H aha` [S. +], s.f. A tick,
the louse that attacks dogs, &c.
H u, s.m. Camel=t, q.v.:u-
kar, s.m.=-kar. H h [S. ], s.f. Seed, stone,
kernel (of fruit); coagulation, concretion.
H or an (cf. h, an, and
perhaps an), s.m. Ball, marble pill (as of H an, a (see t), s.f. A reel or
opium); a large shell or kau:an-bandh,
frame on which thread, &c. is wound (=aeran,
adj. Pledging the shell with which he plays (a
q.v.); a hank or bundle of thread; &c. (=,
gambler);s.m. The shell played with and
q.v.);the space or junction between two
pledged (by a gambler when he has lost all his
fingers; two fingers placed one upon the
money):an-it (it = S. ), adj. lit. other;stealing or pilfering money, &c. by
'Lying like a ball,' or 'the ball or shell thrown'; concealing it between two fingers:an-bz,
prostrate, fallen; senseless, insensible; dead s.m. One who steals money by concealing it
drunk;reduced to the last extremity; between two fingers; a pilferer:an karn, To
unlucky:an-it hon, v.n. To be prostrate; wind thread on the hand, to make hanks of
to fall down; to be dead drunk;to be reduced thread:an karn, an mrn, To steal money
to the last extremity, to be very unlucky:an- by slipping it between two fingers; to conceal
ghar, s.m. Billiard room. anything between two fingers; to pilfer.

H (perf. part. of n, q.v.), adj. H (see ), s.f. A twist; a

Choke full; restricted, confined; scanty, bundle (of grass, wood, &c.), a hank or skein
insufficient; confining closely, restraining; (of thread); a knot or loop (serving as a pocket);
restrictive, severe. the leg trick (in wrestling): mrn, v.t. To
employ the leg trick; to apply a kick on the back
H ar, s.f.=ar, q.v. sinew.

H an, = H n, v.n. H , s.f.=h, q.v.

To become choke full, to fill (as a well, &c.); to
be contained (in, -me), to come or fit A unsayn, = A unsayain, s.m. dual
(into)=an, q.v. (of ), The two testicles; the two ears.

A unsayain, = A unsayn, s.m. dual

H n, = H an, v.n.
(of ), The two testicles; the two ears.
To become choke full, to fill (as a well, &c.); to
be contained (in, -me), to come or fit
(into)=an, q.v.

182
S anuj (anu+ja), adj. Born H anu-j` [S. ++],
afterwards, younger;s.m. Younger brother; adj. Following after, succeeding; taking after;
junior. according to.

H ujl, adj.=ujl, q.v. P anjabr, anjubr, injabr, injibr, s.m. A

creeping plant, Polygonum bistorta, from which
a drink is prepared with sugar for obstinate
P anjm [Zend antma, S. antima, or an+rt.
colds and hemorrhages. (The plant is brought
Zend jam = S. gam], s.m. End, termination,
from the banks of the Euphrates.)
completion, accomplishment, conclusion;
result, upshot; accident; vexation:anjm pn,
A anjabn = P. angabn (of which it is the
v.n. To be finished, terminated, accomplished,
Arabicized form).
&c. anjm den, v.t. To bring to a termination,
to accomplish, to wind up; to fulfil, carry out,
comply with, discharge, manage:anjm-e-kr, H anjari, anjuri, s.f.=anjl, and
anjm-kr, adv. The end of the business, at last, ajl, q.q.v.
finally:anjm karn, anjm-ko pahun,
v.t.=anjm den, q.v.:anjm hon, v.n. To be P anjara, anjira, injara, s.m. A nettle.
at an end, to come or draw to an end, to end,
cease, stop; to ensue. H an-jas [S. + ], s.m.
Disrepute, disgrace, infamy.
H an-jm [S. ++;
and cf. H. jamn], adj. Barren, unproductive H anjal, s.m.=anal, q.v.
(soil); syn. banjar.
H anjal, anjul, unjal,
H an-jn, = H an-
[S. ], = H anjal, anjl [S.
jn, [S. + ], adj. (=ajn), Unknown;
not knowing, ignorant, stupid, foolish; +], s.m. The open hands joined on the
unwitting, unintentional;s.m. An unknown ulnar side, with the palms upward and hollowed
person, a stranger; an ignorant person:anjne, so as to hold or support anything; the hollow
adv. Ignorantly, unknowingly, unwittingly; formed by so joining the hands:anjal-bhar,
unconsciously:anjn-k, s.m. (in Math.) An s.m. A double handful.
unknown quantity:an-jn bann, v.n. To
pretend or affect ignorance, to assume the H anjal, anjl [S. +], =
stranger:an-jn-me, adv. In ignorance, H anjal, anjul, unjal,
ignorantly, &c.=an-jne, q.v.:an-jn hon =
an-jn bann, q.v. [S. ], s.m. The open hands joined on the
ulnar side, with the palms upward and hollowed
H an-jn, = H so as to hold or support anything; the hollow
formed by so joining the hands:anjal-bhar,
an-jn, [S. + ], adj. (=ajn),
s.m. A double handful.
Unknown; not knowing, ignorant, stupid,
foolish; unwitting, unintentional;s.m. An H an-jal (see jaln, jal), adj. (f.
unknown person, a stranger; an ignorant
person:anjne, adv. Ignorantly, unknowingly, -), Unburnt, unscorched.
unwittingly; unconsciously:anjn-k, s.m. H anjal, anjul, anjl, unjl
(in Math.) An unknown quantity:an-jn [S. ], s.f.=anjl, q.v.;as much of
bann, v.n. To pretend or affect ignorance, to
anything as can be contained in the hands
assume the stranger:an-jn-me, adv. In
placed side by side with the palms hollowed; a
ignorance, ignorantly, &c.=an-jne, q.v.:an-
mode of salutation, or of supplication, by
jn hon = an-jn bann, q.v.
carrying the hands placed side by side (as
described under anjl) to the forehead.
H an-jn, s.f. Ignorance,
stupidity; negligence. A anjum, s.m. pl. (of najm), Stars.

H an-j` [S. +], s.m. A A injimd [inf. n. vii of ' to congeal'],

s.m. Congealing, congelation; freezing;
mongrel or hybrid animal.
concretion; condensation; curdling.

183
 S anjan, s.f. A woman whose
P anjuman [Pehl. hanjuman, Zend
eyes are painted with collyrium, or who is
hanjamana, S. ], s.f. Assembly, meeting, perfumed with sandal, &c.;a certain
company, society, institution; party, banquet. medicinal plant used as a sedative and laxative.

H anjan, injan (corr. from the H anjan [S. +], s.f. An

English), s.m. Engine, steam-engine. epithet of the mother of Hanumn (S. anjan); a
stye on the eyelid; a species of small lizard, the
H anjan (see next), s.f. An inferior house-lizard.
kind of rice; a species of grass, Memecylon
tinctorum. (It grows in great abundance in the S njaneya, s.m. One of the
North-west Provinces, and is used as fodder.) names of Hanumn.

S anjan, = S jan, S njineya, s.m. A kind of

s.m. Collyrium, ointment, lamp-black, small lizard. (See anjan.)
antimony, black pigment or collyrium applied
to the eyes and eyelashes to embellish them. (It H anj, j, s.m.= s,
is also used for weak sight or pain in the eye:
q.v.
syn. kul, surma):anjan-sr, adj. Tinted or
painted with collyrium:anjan-hr, s.f. A stye
in the eye;an insect (=kumbr). H anjh [S. ], s.m. Interval;
postponement, adjournment:anjh ho-jn =
S jan, = S anjan, antar par-jn, An interval, postponement, &c.
to take place.
s.m. Collyrium, ointment, lamp-black,
antimony, black pigment or collyrium applied
to the eyes and eyelashes to embellish them. (It H jh, s.m.=s, q.v.
is also used for weak sight or pain in the eye:
syn. kul, surma):anjan-sr, adj. Tinted or H ji [S. +?], s.f. Selvage
painted with collyrium:anjan-hr, s.f. A stye of a piece of cloth; hem of a handkerchief, &c.
in the eye;an insect (=kumbr). (cf. anal).

H anjn, s.f. A species of grass, &c. H ujiyl, s.m. Light,

(=anjan, q.v.). &c.=ujl, q.v.

H an-jan (see jann, perf. part. P S anjr, s.m. The fig, Ficus
jan), adj. Unborn. carica:anjr-e-dam, s.m. The wild fig
(=glar).
H ajn, = H jn,
[S. ], v.t. To apply collyrium or lamp- A injl [the Gr. Arabicized],
s.m. The Evangel (as opp. to tauret, 'the
black, &c. to the eyes. (Syn. srn, surma
Pentateuch'); the New Testament, the Gospel.
lagn.)
H ujel, s.m. Light=ujl, q.v.
H jn, = H ajn,
[S. ], v.t. To apply collyrium or lamp-
S anu-jv, adj. Living by or
black, &c. to the eyes. (Syn. srn, surma
upon; dependent (upon);s.m. Dependent,
lagn.)
follower.

S anjanik, s.f. A kind of newt

or lizard.
H anjan-hr, s.f. v.s.v.
anjan, 'collyrium.'
H [S. ], s.f. Flame, blaze;
flash, brilliance, splendour; heat, warmth; fire;
maternal affection; passion, lust; burden, trial,
difficulty:s-ko nah, prov. Fire
toucheth not (has no effect upon) truth, truth
has nothing to fear. (The proverb is based on
the ordeal by fire.)

184
 careless; unconscious; absent-minded;anitt,
H in (from the English), s.m. Inch s.m. A slap or thump given unawares from
(measure). behind:an-it, an-itte-me, adv.
Unconsciously; unwittingly; unawares,
unexpectedly, suddenly, all at once; in an
H u, = H u, [S. ], unguarded moment.
adj. High, &c.= , q.v.:u-n, v.s.v.
. H an-itt, = H an-
it, [S. + ], adj. Inattentive, heedless,
H u, = H u, [S. ],
careless; unconscious; absent-minded;anitt,
adj. High, &c.= , q.v.:u-n, v.s.v. s.m. A slap or thump given unawares from
. behind:an-it, an-itte-me, adv.
Unconsciously; unwittingly; unawares,
H uns [S. ], adj. unexpectedly, suddenly, all at once; in an
Forty-nine. unguarded moment.

H us, s.f.=u`, q.v. S anu-ar, s.m. (f. -), Follower,

disciple; attendant, servant; companion.
H unls, adj.=untls, q.v.
H ar, = H ar,
H un, s.m.f.=u`, q.v. s.m.=al, q.v. cf. also ar and al.

H ar, = H ar,
H un, v.t. To raise, elevate,
s.m.=al, q.v. cf. also ar and al.
hoist, &c.=n, and karn, q.q.v.

S anu-arit, part. adj.

H i`o (see ain), s.m. Pulling,
Followed, pursued, adhered to; sought after.
drawing, attraction.

H ukn, v.t.=ukn, q.v.

H u`o, s.m. = H
uha, s.f. = H u`, s.f. (from
S anal, = H al, =
, q.v.) Height, loftiness, elevation, altitude;
eminence, exaltation; pitch (of the voice). H al (=S. anala+kah) s.m. The
border or hem of a cloak, veil, shawl, or mantle;
H uha, s.f. = H a kind of sheet or wrapper; the breasts or bosom
(of a woman), teats (of an animal):al-
u`o, s.m. = H u`, s.f. (from pallu, s.m. The embroidered hem of a woman's
, q.v.) Height, loftiness, elevation, altitude; sheet or mantle:al (or ar) dabn or
eminence, exaltation; pitch (of the voice). dbn, To take, or to suck, the breast (a
child):al (or ar) den (-ko), To give
H u`, s.f. = H the breast (to an infant):al ln (par), To
u`o, s.m. = H uha, s.f. throw the sheet (over the head): al len (-
k), To touch the border or hem of a guest's
(from , q.v.) Height, loftiness, elevation, garment as a sign of welcome; to wipe the
altitude; eminence, exaltation; pitch (of the hands with the sheet of the bride's or
voice). bridegroom's mother (a ceremony in
marriages):al-me bdhn, To tie a knot
H an-hat (see hn), part. in the mantle or sheet (by way of reminder); to
adj. Not desired. bear in mind, keep in memory.

S an-uit, adj. Unfit, H al, = S anal, =

unbecoming, improper. H al (=S. anala+kah) s.m. The
border or hem of a cloak, veil, shawl, or mantle;
H an-it, = H an- a kind of sheet or wrapper; the breasts or bosom
itt, [S. + ], adj. Inattentive, heedless, (of a woman), teats (of an animal):al-

185
pallu, s.m. The embroidered hem of a woman's
sheet or mantle:al (or ar) dabn or H avan, aa`un [S.
dbn, To take, or to suck, the breast (a
child):al (or ar) den (-ko), To give ], v.t. To rinse or cleanse the mouth
the breast (to an infant):al ln (par), To after eating &c.=an, q.v.
throw the sheet (over the head): al len (-
k), To touch the border or hem of a guest's H h, s.f.=, q.v.
garment as a sign of welcome; to wipe the
hands with the sheet of the bride's or H inh, s.m.=in, q.v.
bridegroom's mother (a ceremony in
marriages):al-me bdhn, To tie a knot
in the mantle or sheet (by way of reminder); to S an-ih, s.f. Absence of
bear in mind, keep in memory. desire, disinclination, unwillingness;
indifference.
H al (=S. anala+kah) = S
H aha [S. ], s.m. A
anal, = H al, s.m. The
mystical or magical word or formula; spell,
border or hem of a cloak, veil, shawl, or mantle;
a kind of sheet or wrapper; the breasts or bosom charm:aha pah-ke mrn (-ke) To
enthrall, ruin or destroy by pronouncing a spell
(of a woman), teats (of an animal):al-
(over), to bring under one's influence by means
pallu, s.m. The embroidered hem of a woman's
of a spell.
sheet or mantle:al (or ar) dabn or
dbn, To take, or to suck, the breast (a
child):al (or ar) den (-ko), To give H an-he (see hen), part. adj.
the breast (to an infant):al ln (par), To Untouched; unmolested.
throw the sheet (over the head): al len (- H an-hl (see hln), part.
k), To touch the border or hem of a guest's adj. Unpared, unpeeled; unsmoothed,
garment as a sign of welcome; to wipe the unpolished, rough, rude, uncivilized, awkward,
hands with the sheet of the bride's or uncouth, boorish.
bridegroom's mother (a ceremony in
marriages):al-me bdhn, To tie a knot H an-en [S. ++],
in the mantle or sheet (by way of reminder); to
bear in mind, keep in memory. s.m. Valuation of a standing crop (syn. kan-
kt).
H in (neut. of ain, q.v.), v.n.
A inirf [inf. n. vii of ' to turn'
To be pulled, drawn, dragged, or attracted; to be (from)], s.m. Turning (from), shunning,
drawn tight, be tightened; to be extracted, avoiding;deflection, declension; declination
drawn out; to be sucked up or in, be absorbed; (of a heavenly body); turning (against),
to hold aloof, keep (oneself) apart; to be drawn, swerving (from allegiance), defection, revolt,
sketched, traced, copied;to be transferred (as rebellion; apostasy, recusancy; recantation;
a debt):i-jn = in. infraction, violation; defect; disease,
distemper:inirf karn (-se), To turn aside
P n-un-n (see P. ), adv. Even so, (from), to shun, avoid; to abjure; to decline; to
even as, just as. deviate (from); to turn (against), revolt (from),
rebel (against); to apostatize.
H u-n, v.s.v. .
A inir [inf. n. vii of ' to
surround'], s.m. Being surrounded, being
H [S. ], s.m. The
besieged; being straitened; siege, blockade;
raspberry, Rubus paniculatus or tiliaceus; restraint, restriction.
blackberry, bramble, Rubus fruticosus (in
Kngra is termed khi = S. kshika. Other A iniff [inf. n. vii of
' to be light'],
dialectic names are akr, la, kani):kl s.m. Lightness, levity.
, s.m. The blackberry, bramble.
H d, = H and, s.m.=dan,
H awn (caus. of next), v.t.
q.v.
To cause or make (one) rinse the mouth; to
supply (one) with water to rinse the mouth with.

186
H and, = H d, s.m.=dan, P andza (from andz, after the model of
q.v. the Ar. acc.), adv. By guess, conjecturally;
approximately, about (=andz-se and akal-se).
P andta [perf. part. of andtan;
P andm [Zend handma, rt. d, 'to set'=S.
Zend hm+rt. ta; S. +], part. Thrown,
], s.m. Body, figure, stature; member:
cast; formed; cast away.
andm-e-nihn, s.m. The private parts.
P andr, s.m. Narrative, story, tale, fiction.
P andar [Zend antara, S. ], prep.
H indr, vulg. andr [S. Within, in the inside (of, -ke):andar-se, adv.
From within; internally:andar-k, adj. (f. -),
+], s.m. A large well of solid masonry, Inner, internal; hidden, secret:andar karn,
protected by a koh or nd. v.t. To put within, put out of sight; to put into,
insert; to penetrate; to thrust or push in:andar
P andz, part. act. (of andtan; see hon, v.n. To be contained or included (in, -ke),
andta), Throwing; thrower, caster, shooter; to belong (to), fall under; to enter, go in.
(used as last member of comp. e.g. barq-andz,
lit. 'lightning-thrower'; a matchlock-man:gol- S a-nidra, adj. Awake; wakeful,
andz, lit. 'ball-thrower'; an artilleryman).
sleepless.
P andz, = P andza, (from
andtan), s.m. Measure, measurement; S indra, and H. indar, s.m. The
quantity; weighing, weight; degree, amount; king of the gods, the regent of the visible
valuing, valuation, value; rough estimate; heavens; the thunderer (he is the Jove of the
conjecture, guess; proportion, symmetry; Hind mythology); the god of rain:indrsan
elegance, grace; mode, manner, style, fashion, (indra+sana), s.m. The throne of Indra:
pattern; carriage, bearing, gait; modulation (of indra-badhu, s.f. The wife of Indra;name of
the voice); time (in music):andz un (-k), an insect (a species of acarus of a scarlet colour
To copy the manner or fashion (of), to imitate; and like velvet), the red-velvet insect (syn. br-
to take off, mimic:andz-pa, s.f. Estimate bahu):indra-prasth, s.m. The ancient name
of the value of a standing crop (=kan-kt): of Dehl:indra-puri, s.f. The capital of Indra
andz-pt, s.f. A highly adorned or painted and the abode of the immortals:indar-jl
beauty; a vain, affected woman:andz- (or (indra-jla), s.m. Deception, cheating; trick,
andze-) se, adv. In due measure or stratagem; magic, juggling; illusion:indar-
proportion;approximately, by guess:andz jl, adj. Unreal, deceptive, illusory; magical;
(or andza) karn (-k), To judge (of), to s.m. Cheat, knave; magician, juggler,
estimate the value (of), to value; to estimate conjurer:indar-jau (indra+yaia), s.m. The
roughly; to guess or conjecture. seed of a certain medicinal plant, Nerium
antidysentericum, sparrow's tongue:indra-jt,
P andza, = P andz, (from s.m. Thunder:indra-dwda, s.f. The twelfth
andtan), s.m. Measure, measurement; day of the month Bhadra, a festival in honour of
quantity; weighing, weight; degree, amount; Indra:indra-dhanush, s.m. The rainbow:
valuing, valuation, value; rough estimate; indar-k akh, s.m. lit. 'The court of Indra'; a
conjecture, guess; proportion, symmetry; place of amusement and pleasure, dancing-
elegance, grace; mode, manner, style, fashion, saloon, assembly-room:indra-lok, s.m. The
pattern; carriage, bearing, gait; modulation (of abode of Indra, the paradise of the immortals:
the voice); time (in music):andz un (-k), indra-nl, s.m. Sapphire; emerald.
To copy the manner or fashion (of), to imitate;
to take off, mimic:andz-pa, s.f. Estimate S indur, s.m. Rat; mouse.
of the value of a standing crop (=kan-kt):
andz-pt, s.f. A highly adorned or painted S indir, s.f. The goddess of wealth
beauty; a vain, affected woman:andz- (or
andze-) se, adv. In due measure or (=Lakshm).
proportion;approximately, by guess:andz
(or andza) karn (-k), To judge (of), to A indirj [inf. n. vii of ' to pass by or
estimate the value (of), to value; to estimate away'; 'to ascend,' &c.], s.m. Being folded
roughly; to guess or conjecture. together; being inserted; insertion, entry;
extinction of a family.

187
S indr, s.f. The wife of the privities, membrum virile; veretrum
animalium:indr jullb or julb, s.m. A
Indra;the name of a medicine or plant, Vitex
diuretic medicine;carnal intercourse,
negundo.
copulation:indr-ke bas hon, To be under the
influence of lust, to be lustful; to be given up to
H indrwan, = H sensual pleasure:indriya-gyn, s.m. The
indryan, [S. +], s.f. Wild faculty of perception, sense, consciousness.
gourd, colocynth, Cucumis colocynthis; a fruit
of beautiful appearance but bitter taste; a S indu-rekh, v.s.v. indu.
beautiful but worthless person:indryan-k
phal = indryan. A indif` [inf. n. vii of ' to repel,' &c.],
s.m. The being repelled or prohibited;
H indryan, = H repulsion; the being warded off.
indrwan, [S. +], s.f. Wild P andak, adj. Little, small, few;andake, A
gourd, colocynth, Cucumis colocynthis; a fruit little; a few.
of beautiful appearance but bitter taste; a
beautiful but worthless person:indryan-k H and-kr (corrupt)=andha-kr,
phal = indryan.
q.v.
P andarz, s.m. Precept, advice,
admonition; last will or advice. A indiml [inf. n. vii of ' to heal,' &c.],
s.m. Healing (of a wound), cicatrization;
recovery, getting well; improvement.
H andars (see a-dars), s.m. A
kind of sweetmeat made of rice and flour H anu-din [S. anu-dinam], adv.
formed into balls, then fried in gh and covered
Daily, every day, day by day; perpetually,
with sugar; a kind of cloth:andarse-k goliy
always.
= andarse.

H dan [S. 'binding'], s.m.

H adrak = adrak, q.v.
Mud, mire; quagmire (=d, and, q.q.v.).
P andarn (see andar), adj. Within;s.m.
Interior, inside; inner apartments. H d [S. ], s.m. The chain or
rope with which the feet of elephants are tied;
P andarna, = P andarn, (see chain or ring worn on the ankle (commonly by
andar), adj. Interior, internal, inner; intrinsic wrestlers); anklet.
(see bhtar).
S indu, s.m. The moon:indu-rekh,
P andarn, = P andarna, (see
s.f. A digit of the moon:indu-wr, s.m. The
andar), adj. Interior, internal, inner; intrinsic
day of the moon, Monday.
(see bhtar).

S an-udwh, s.m. Non-marriage;

H an-droh = a-droh, q.v.
bachelorhood; celibacy.
H indr, = S indriya, P andota [perf. part. of andotan,
s.f. An organ of sense; the senses (internal or Zend ham+rt. dug; S. + ], part. Gained,
external), the organs of action and perception;
the privities, membrum virile; veretrum acquired;s.m. Acquisitions, gain, profit.
animalium:indr jullb or julb, s.m. A
diuretic medicine;carnal intercourse, P andd [=andda, perf. part. of anddan;
copulation:indr-ke bas hon, To be under the Zend ham+rt. d; S. sam+dh], part. Covered,
influence of lust, to be lustful; to be given up to overlaid, incrusted, plastered over, washed
sensual pleasure:indriya-gyn, s.m. The over; anointed, smeared, &c. (used as last
faculty of perception, sense, consciousness. member of compounds, e.g. zar-andd, covered
or overlaid with gold, gilded).
S indriya, = H indr,
S indr, s.m. Rat; mouse (=indur).
s.f. An organ of sense; the senses (internal or
external), the organs of action and perception;

188
P andoz (fr. andotan; see andota),
part. act. Acquiring, gaining (used as last
member of compounds).
H andoln [S. ],
v.n. To swing.
P andoh, s.m. Grief, anxiety, trouble:
andoh-gn, andoh-nk, adj. Full of grief,
sorrowful, afflicted, sad, mournfur.
S andha, andh, adj. Blind, dark
(=andh, q.v.);s.m. Blindness; darkness:
andha-tamas, s.m. Great darkness:andha-
kra, andh-kr, s.m. Darkness (see andhiyr,
the com. form); a violent storm of wind and
dust (severer than ndh, q.v.):andha-kpa,
s.m. see andh-k`, s.v. andh.
H andh [S. +], adj. (f. -),
Blind, stone-blind; benighted; undiscerning;
dark, obscure, dim;s.m. A blind man:andh
bann, v.t. To blind, &c.=andh-karn, q.v.; to
make one appear blind, impute blindness to:
andh bann, v.n.=andh hon, q.v.:andh
bhais, s.m. lit. 'Blind buffalo': a boys' game (a
boy mounts on the back of another who is
blindfolded and leans against a wall while
several other boys pass under him, and he is
required to name the first of these):andh
tr, s.m. The planet Neptune:andh darbr,
s.m. A corrupt court, government, or office;
misgovernment (see andh sarkr):andh-
dhund, adj. Blinding; blind; indiscriminate;
excessive, violent, outrageous; rash, precipitate,
wild;s.m. Blindness; rashness, wildness;
violence, excess, outrage, commotion,
disturbance, pother; misgovernment,
anarchy;adv. Blindly; indiscriminately;
wildly, rashly; excessively, violently,
outrageously;andh-dhund uhn, To raise a
commotion, make a stir or pother; to do
violence or outrage; to raise an outcry; to waste,
dissipate, squander;andh-dhund ron, v.n.
To weep violently or bitterly:andh-dhund-
k, adj. Excessive, fearful, tremendous,
outrageous:andh-dhund-k duh`, s.f. A
fearful cry; a cry for help or redress;anh-
dhund lutn, To squander outrageously, spend
most extravagantly:andh sarkr, s.f. A blind
government, a bad or corrupt government; mal-
administration, gross misgovernment; a bad
paymaster, one who keeps his subordinates in
arrears:andh karn, v.t. To blind, put out the
eyes of; to blindfold; to hoodwink; to
deceive:andh k`, andh-kp, s.m. A well
of which the mouth is hidden, or which is
overgrown with plants, &c., or which is choked
with rubbish:andh-ar, s.m.
Indiscriminate expenditure, extravagance,
prodigality:andh hon, To be or become
blind; to lose one's sight, be blinded (by); to be
blind (to), to shut (one's) eyes (to), to connive
or wink (at).
H andhpan [S. ], s.m.
Blindness; darkness; purblindness; short-
sightedness; intellectual blindness; ignorance;
folly; rashness.
S andhat, s.f. Blindness, &c. (see
andhpan).
H andh-dhund, v.s.v.
andh; and see dhundh.
H andhr, adj.=andhl, q.v.
H andhr`, s.f.=andh-pan, q.v.
H andha [S. +], s.m. A
violent dust-storm (see andh-kr, s.v. andh).
S andhak, adj. Blind;s.m. A
blind man (see andh).
S andh-kr, s.m. see s.v. andh.
H andhl [S. ++], adj.
(f. -), Blind; dark, &c. (=andh, q.v.); purblind,
shortsighted.
H andhlpan,
s.m.=andhpan, q.v.
H an-dhan, s.m. see s.v. ann.
S indhan, s.m. Firewood; fuel
(generally); chips; litter, straw, weeds.
H an-dho` [S. +; the
Sanskrit form is a-dhauta], part. adj. Unwashed,
unclean.
H andhaur [S. ?+],
s.f. Heat-rash, prickly heat (cf. ambhaur and
ghamaur).
H an-dhoy = an-dho`, q.v.
H dh [S. +], s.f. = H
andhiy`o [+S. ],
189
s.m. Dust-storm, whirlwind; storm, tempest, yr, s.m. A secret lover:andhere ghar-k
hurricane, cyclone:dh n, dh uhn, ujl, s.m. lit. 'The light of a dark house,' an
dh aln, lit. 'A storm to come on, or to only son; a very beautiful child or person:
arise, or to be raging'; to blow hard, to blow a andhere muh, adv. lit. 'When the face is
hurricane:dh-ke m, lit. 'Mangoes blown indistinguishable owing to darkness'; when
off in a storm'; windfall; things obtained there is not sufficient light to see clearly, at the
cheap:dh hon, To prove a veritable first dawn of day, very early in the morning
tempest; to be very active and ardent; to engage (also muh-andhere).
keenly and ardently (in).
H andher, adj. fem. of andher,
H andhiy`o [+S. ], q.v.;s.f. Darkness, obscurity; blind or
s.m. = H dh [S. +], s.f. blinkers for a horse; a horse covering which
also covers the eyes:andher jhukn, v.n. To
Dust-storm, whirlwind; storm, tempest, be overcast; to lower; darkness to set in:
hurricane, cyclone:dh n, dh uhn, andher den, andher ln, v.t. To blindfold;
dh aln, lit. 'A storm to come on, or to to blind, hoodwink, deceive, impose upon.
arise, or to be raging'; to blow hard, to blow a
hurricane:dh-ke m, lit. 'Mangoes blown
S an-adhn, adj. Not subject, not
off in a storm'; windfall; things obtained
cheap:dh hon, To prove a veritable dependent, independent.
tempest; to be very active and ardent; to engage
keenly and ardently (in). S an-uday, s.m. Dawn, early
morning (=bhor).
H andhiyr, andhyr, adj.
& s.m.=andher, q.v. P andesh, part. act. (of andeshdan 'to
reflect'; Zend prep. ham+rt. du; S. + ?),
H andhiyr, andhyr, adj. Thinking, considering, meditating: (used as last
& s.f.=andher, q.v. member of compounds, e.g. bad-andesh,
Meditating harm, evil-minded, inimical);
s.m.=andesha, q.v.:andesh-mand, andesh-
H andhepan, s.m.=andhpan,
nk, adj. Thoughtful, pensive; anxious,
q.v. concerned, full of anxiety;andeshmand hona
(-se), To be anxious or concerned (about); to
H andher [S. +], s.m. take thought (of):andesh-mand, andesh-nak,
Darkness, gloom; violence, outrage, wrong, s.f. Thought, anxiety, concern.
injustice, iniquity; tyranny, oppression;
lawlessness, misrule, anarchy:andher karn (- P andesha (see andesh), s.m. Thought,
par), To commit an outrage (on), to outrage; to consideration, meditation, reflection; solicitude,
do violence (to); to tyrannize (over), to oppress, anxiety, concern (syn. int and fikr); doubt,
to treat with cruelty; to act lawlessly:andher misgiving, suspicion; apprehension, dread, fear;
man, Idem. danger, peril, (syn. atra):andesha karn (-
k), To feel anxious (about), feel anxiety or
H andher [S. ++], concern (for); to be apprehensive (of):
andesha-mand = andesh-mand, q.v.s.v.
adj. & s.m. (f. -), Dark, obscure, sombre, andesh:andesha-nk, adj.=andesh-nk, adj.
dim;darkness, obscurity, gloom, shadow; Thoughtful, &c. (=andesh-nk, q.v.);
cloudiness; haze, mist:andher hon, To dangerous, perilous, hazardous.
keep out of the light (of anyone):andher-s,
adj. Somewhat dark; very dark; sombre, shady,
H an-dekh, = H
dusky; hazy, misty:andher karn, v.t. To
make dark, to darken, obscure, overshadow, an-dekh, (see dekhn), part. adj. Unseen;
cloud; to cast a shade or gloom over; to invisible; undiscovered, undetected.
extinguish (a light); to obstruct light, stand in
the light of:andhere-ujle, adv. When the H an-dekh, = H
darkness is illumined by the moon, &c.; late at an-dekh, (see dekhn), part. adj. Unseen;
night and early dawn; at twilight:andher invisible; undiscovered, undetected.
kohr, s.f. Dark chamber; black hole; (met.)
stomach; womb; secret chamber; mysteries of
nature; mystery, enigma;andher kohr-k

190
S an-udyog, adj. Deficient in S ankr, adj. & s.m. See s.v.
energy, lacking exertion, indolent;s.m. Idler, ana.
lazy person. S unln, v.t.=uneln, q.v.

H an, = H , [S. ,
S aaj (aa+ja), adj. Produced
], s.m. The castor-oil tree, Palma Christi, from an egg, oviparous;s.m. An oviparous
Ricinus communis. (See an.) animal; bird, fish, snake, lizard.

H , = H an, [S. , H unaln, v.t.=unln and

], s.m. The castor-oil tree, Palma Christi, uneln, q.q.v.
Ricinus communis. (See an.)
H , = H au`, [S.
S aa, a, = H , , + or + ], adj. Possessed of
s.m. Egg (see an); testicle (see ):an- testicles, entire; having large testicles;s.m.
kr, adj. & s.m. Egg-shaped, oval, elliptical, Bull, entire ox.
ellipsoidal;oval, ellipse, ellipsoid:an-
kr, adj.=an-kr:an-kriti, adj. & H au`, = H , [S.
s.f.=an-kr:an-bahn, s.m. Swelling of
+ or + ], adj. Possessed of
the testicles or scrotum, hydrocele:ana-
kah, s.m. The shell of the mundane egg; the testicles, entire; having large testicles;s.m.
Bull, entire ox.
world:an-ko, s.m. Scrotum; musk-bag (of
the musk-deer);rupture, hernia:ana-
vriddhi (vulg. an-viriddhi), s.f.=an-bahn, H
inuv, inw, inu`,
q.v. s.m.= w, q.v.

H , , = S aa, a, H anws, s.f. A hen or other

s.m. Egg (see an); testicle (see ):an- fowl that is on the point of laying.
kr, adj. & s.m. Egg-shaped, oval, elliptical,
ellipsoidal;oval, ellipse, ellipsoid:an- H anwn [S. + ], adj.
kr, adj.=an-kr:an-kriti, adj. & & s.m.=.
s.f.=an-kr:an-bahn, s.m. Swelling of
the testicles or scrotum, hydrocele:ana- H
inuv, inw, s.f. Dim. of
kah, s.m. The shell of the mundane egg; the
inw, q.v.
world:an-ko, s.m. Scrotum; musk-bag (of
the musk-deer);rupture, hernia:ana-
vriddhi (vulg. an-viriddhi), s.f.=an-bahn, H an, s.f. A kind of cloth or
q.v. garment.

H an [S. ], s.m. Egg; a kind H an (contrac. from aran, q.v. and

of fire-work (so called because the composition c.f. an), s.f. The fruit of the Palma Christi or
is put into an egg-shell):an den, To lay Ricinus communis:ad-k tel, s.m. Castor-
eggs, to lay:an hl hon or ho-jn (-k), oil.
lit. 'One's egg to become addled'; to be reduced
to a pitiful condition; to become thin, wasted, or H aniyn, v.n. To be sitting
weak; to be wearied, jaded, or worn out; to fail on eggs, or to have young (a bird);v.t. To
in business, become insolvent:an-s, adj. prick the testicles of a bullock in order to make
Egg-like, oval, elliptical:an sarakn = an him go faster.
hl hon, q.v.:ane-bae, s.m. Wife and
children, family; children, chicks, brood:a H e-be [S. ; cf.
e-sen, To sit on eggs, to brood, incubate,
hatch; to keep oneself secluded, lead a retired H. hn], s.m. pl. Strolls, rambles:e-
life:ane-k shahzda, s.m. An inexperienced be khn, To take a stroll, to ramble, rove.
youth, simpleton, greenhorn.

191
H anail, anel [S. S aniruddha, part. adj.
+], adj. Oviparous (=anaj); with egg; Unobstructed, unrestrained.
laying (fowl).
H an-ras [S. +], s.m. Want
H uneln [S. ], v.t. of flavour or enjoyment; distaste; disgust;
nausea; coolness, misunderstanding between
To turn (a vessel) upside down in order to
friends.
empty it; to empty, to pour out (the contents of
a vessel).
S anu-rakt, adj. Attached (to, -
H unelwn (caus. of me), addicted (to), very fond (of) devoted (to).
uneln, q.v.), v.t. To cause to be poured out, to
have or get (a vessel) emptied, or (the contents) H an-rakh [S. +],
poured out. part. adj. Unguarded, unprotected, uncared for.

S anu-rdh, s.f. The S an-a gal, adj. Unbarred, without

seventeenth Nakshatra or lunar mansion, restraint, free; self-willed; licentious.
described as a row of oblations; stars in Libra.
S a-nirmal, adj. Not clear; not
S anu-rg, s.m. Strong desire, pure; dirty, foul.
attachment, affection, love, passion.
S a-niray, s.m. Uncertainty.
H anu-rgn (-par), To
conceive a passion (for), be in love (with). H an-ri (S. a-ri), adj. Free
from debt, undebted.
S anu-rg, adj. Attached (to, -
par), enamoured (of), in love (with), S anu-rp, adj. Resembling, like,
impassioned;s.m. A lover, a passionate
similar imitating; conformable; suitable proper,
admirer;s.f. Making love, forming friendship;
convenient;s.m. Resemblance, similarity;
caressing.
conformity.

S an-rit, adj. Untrue, false.

S anu-rp, adj.=anu-rp, q.v.

S -nart (rt. nrit), s.m. Stage,

S anirvya, = S
theatre; war; name of a country and its
inhabitants in the peninsula of Gujert; name of anirvaanya, = S
the capital (Dwrika) of Gujert. anirvaya, adj. Not fit to be spoken; incapable
of being uttered or expressed in words,
S an-arth, adj. Meaningless, indescribable, indefinable.
nonsensical, absurd; causeless, groundless;
worthless, useless, purposeless, profitless, S anirvaanya, = S
fruitless, vain, abortive; improper; detrimental, anirvya, = S
injurious;s.m. Absurdity; disadvantage; anirvaya, adj. Not fit to be spoken; incapable
misfortune; wrong, injustice, injury, oppression, of being uttered or expressed in words,
tyranny; transgression, offence, guilt, sin:an- indescribable, indefinable.
arth karn, To do injustice (to), to injure,
oppress, do wrong (to); to commit an offence,
to transgress, to sin. S anirvaya, = S
anirvya, = S
S an-arthak, adj.=an-arth, q v. anirvaanya, adj. Not fit to be spoken;
incapable of being uttered or expressed in
S an-arth, s.m. A wrong-doer, words, indescribable, indefinable.
injurer, oppressor, cruel person; a mischief-
maker; sinner, transgressor. S anu-rodh, s.m. Fulfilling or
gratifying the wishes (of another); obligingness,

192
kind office, service; gratification, satisfaction, A ansb, s.m. pl. (of nasab),
compliance; conformity, consideration (of, -ke), Genealogies; races; families, generations.
respect.
S anu-sr, s.m. Conformity to
H anu-rodh, adj.=next, q.v. usage;postp. According (to, -ke), agreeably
(to), answering (to), n pursuance (of), in
S anu-rodh, adj. Acting in conformity (with), following, like, as in, after.
conformity (to) or in compliance (with, -ke),
obliging, kind, compliant; showing S anu-sr, adj. Following,
consideration (for), having respect or regard attendant (n), according or conformable (to);
(to). scrutinizing.

H an-rt (S. a-rti), adj. Contrary H anu-ssan, s.m.=anu-san,

to custom, rule or practice, not en rgle, not q.v.
parliamentary; contrary to good manners or
breeding, unmannerly, ill-behaved;s.f. A insn, s.m. Man, mankind, human b ing,
Irregularity; unmannerliness, ill-behaviour, mortal (=dm):insn-k, adj. Human:
unceremoniousness (=ku-rt). insn-h to hai, prov. He is but a human being,
he is but a fallible man.
H [S. , q.v.], s.m. Testicle.
A insn, adj. Pertaining or relating to
man, human.
A inzl [inf. n. iv of ' to descend'], s.m.
Causing to descend; e nission, seminal effusion
P insnyat (for A. ), s.f. Human
(syn. jhan).
nature, humanity; human kindness, affability,
politeness, urbanity. (See dmyat.)
A P anzart, s.m. Sarcocolla (gum resin,
aid to be from the Penaea sarcocolla, a tree
A ansab, adj. compar. & superl. (of
growing in Arabia, Ethiopia, &c.).
munsi, q.v.), More, or most, fitting or suitable;
more, or most, convenient; very proper, very
A inziw [inf. n. vii of ' to conceal,'
advisable.
&c.], s.m. Retirement, seclusion, concealment.
P anasat, unsat (for A. ), s.f.=uns, q.v.
H as [S. an, q.v.], s.m. Part,
portion share division; degree of lat. or long.). H unsa, = H unsah,
degree, grade (of a circle=darja); numerator of a
fraction; right, possession. (For compounds see [S. ], adj. Fifty-nine.
an.)
H unsah, = H unsa,
H as, s.m. = H s, s.f. (?) [S. ], adj. Fifty-nine.
[S. , q.v.], The fibrous part of anything;
fibre, pith, marrow, essence, substance; A insidd [inf. n. vii of ' to stop up'],
strength, vigour, energy, stamina; semen. s.m. Prevention, hindrance, obstacle, bar,
preventive measure.
H s, s.f. (?) = H as, s.m.
H as-dhr, adj. = an-
[S. , q.v.], The fibrous part of anything;
dhr, q.v.s.v. a.
fibre, pith, marrow, essence, substance;
strength, vigour, energy, stamina; semen.
S anu-sara, s.m. Going after,
A ins, s.m. Men. mankind (opp. of jinn). following; succession; imita ion; conformity
(to); persecution; searching; consequence (of).
A uns, s.m. Sociableness; H anu-sarn [S. +,
companionableness; familiarity, friendliness,
friendship, love, affection; society, rt. ], v.n. To go after or follow a person; to
companionship, fellowship; cheerfulness. follow as a conseq ence, be consequent (upon).

H asik, s.m.=aik, q.v.

193
 H unsau [S. +], adj. Ninety-
H an-sikh, = H nine. (The more common term for 'ninety-nine'
an-sikh, [S. +], adj. Unlearned, is ninnnwe.)
untaught, illiterate.
S anu-swr, s.m. lit. 'After-
H an-sikh, = H sound'; (in Gram.) the nasal sound (in
Devangar) which is marked by a dot above
an-sikh, [S. +], adj. the line and which always belongs to a
Unlearned, untaught, illiterate. preceding vowel.

H an-samajh, adj. Without H as-ws, s.m. See s.v.

understanding or sense; ignorant, stupid; a.
thoughtless, heedless; inexperienced.
H an-so (see aso, be-so), adj.
H an-samjh (see samajhn), Thoughtless, inattentive, &c.:an-soe, adv.
part. adj. Not understood; not understanding or Thoughtlessly; heedlessly, carelessly (see be-
knowing. (See an-samajh.) soe).

H an-sun [S. +], adj. S an-asya adj. Not spiteful, not

Turning a deaf ear to, disregarding, unmindful, envious;s.m. A person who is free from a
heedless;disregarded, &c.=next, q.v. spirit of envy and detraction.

H an-sun (an+perf. part. of H as [S. ], s.m. Sharer, &c.,

sunn, q.v.), part. adj. (f. -), Unheard, turned a
deaf ear to, unheeded, disregarded:ansun
karn, v.t. To turn a deaf ear to, to disregard, to
treat as not heard, to pretend not to hear. (The
phrase is generally preceded by the word sun,
e.g. sun ansun karn.)
see a.
H as [S. ? or +], s.f.
Share, &c.=an, q.v.:as ln (-k), To
divide or distribute in shares or portions.

P unsyat (for A. ), s.f. Familiarity;

S anu-sandhn, s.m. Search,
state of being domesticated, tameness (opp. to
inquiry, investigation; desire:anu- washyat); companionableness, sociableness,
sandhneha, s.f. Object of an investigation. &c. (=uns, q.v.).

H s [S. +; Prk. ], s.m. H an-skh = an-sikh, q.v.

Tear, tears:s n, v.n. lit. 'Tears to come';
to have tears in the eyes, to weep:s S a, s.m. Part, portion, share,
bahn, To make tears flow; to shed tears; to
pretend to weep:s bhar-ln, To have the &c.=ans, q.v.:an- (aa+aa), s.m.
eyes filled with tears, to weep:s bahn, Share of a share, subdivision:a-patra, s.m.
s apak-pan, v.n. lit. 'Tears to flow, or to A deed setting forth the shares of a property
between the members of a Hind family, a deed
drop'; to weep:s-puhn or puh-jn,
v.n. To have (one's) tears wiped away; to be of partition (=a):a-dhr, a-dhr, adj.
Sharing, partaking; successful; (in Theology)
comforted or soothed:s pohn (-ke), To
becoming incarnate;s.m. Sharer, partaker;
wipe away the tears (of), dry (one's) tears; to
incarnation:a-ws (ana+vaa+ka), s.m.
console, comfort, soothe:s p-jn, To
A measure of land (equal to one-twentieth of a
swallow (one's) tears, suppress (one's) tears:
pilws):a-hr, s.m. One who takes a
s-hl, s halak, s.f. Running or
share of an estate, joint sharer, co-heir; partner.
watering of the eyes (a disease in horses,
supposed to arise from a coil of hair in the outer
A insh [inf. n. iv of ' to grow, spring up,'
corner of the eye):s halkn = s
&c ], s.f. Writing, composition; the belle-lettres;
bahn, q.v.:s-se muh dhon, lit. 'To elegance of style; style, diction:insh-pardz,
wash the face with tears'; to shed tears insh-gar, s.f. Writing, letter writing;
copiously=h h s ron, q.v.s.v. h. composition; elegance of composition.

194
A in-sh`llh [in+sh`+allhu], adv. lit. 'If the Arabs who attended Moammad on his
God wills'; God willing, Deo volente, please departure from Mecca to Medina.
God:in-sh`llh ta`l, adv. If God the Most
High wills, God willing, &c.=insh`llh. A anr, adj. Pertaining to, or of, the
Anr;s.f. A tribe of Moammadan Shais,
S anu-san, s.m. Instructing, supposed to have come originally from Medina.
directing; instruction, direction, precept, advice.
A inf [inf. n. iv of ' to reach to the
middle' (of), &c.], s.m. Justice, equity;
S an-ish, part. adj. Undesire ;
impartiality, fairness; decision, equitable
undesirable; deprecable; bad, evil; ominous. adjustment:inf hn (-se), To demand or
seek justice (from), to seek redress:inf
S anishh, s.f. Unsteadiastness, ukn = inf karn, q.v.:inf-se, adv. With
unsteadiness. justice, justly, equitably, impartially, fairly,
rightly, according to desert or merit:inf-
S anu-shhn, s.m. talab, adj. & s.m. Seeking justice;one who
Commencing; commencement; causing to rise; seeks justice:inf karn, To do justice, to do
following; attention, observance, application. right; to see justice done (to), to dispense
practice:anu-shhn karn (-k), To observe, justice; to decide or settle a suit in law (=faila
attend (to), &c. karn).

S a-niay, adj. Uncertain, A inirm [inf. n. vii of ' to cut'], s.m.

doubtful;s.m. Uncertainty, doubt.
S an-ishiddha, adj. &c.).
Unprohibited, unforbidden.
S aik, s.m. Sharer, participator, &c.], s.m. Being bound, determined, or
partner, co-heir, proprietor.
S an-aan, s.m. Abstinence from
food, fasting.
S anu-shang, s.m. Close printed; impression.
adherence, connection, association, attachment,
conjunction, coalition.
S a-navar, adj. Imperishable,
indestructible, immortal.
S anu-ok, s.m. Sorrow, regret, prize; grant of rent-free land:in`m-e-ikrm,
penitence, remorse.
S a, s.m. Sharer, participator, rewards and dignities:in`m-patra, s.m. A
partner, share-holder, co-heir;a deed setting
forth the shares or divisions of a property;a
deed of partition between the members of a
Hind family.
S anu-lan, s.m. Practice,
constant study (=abhys, q.v.).
A anr, s.m. pl. (of nir), Helpers,
assistants, friends (especially of Moammad);
Ending, completion, finishing, accomplishment,
conclusion, termination; performance;
administration or management (of an estate,
A inibt [inf.n. vii of ' to keep,'
regulated; restraint; regulation; self-control:
inibt-e-auqt, A time-table; routine (syn.
bel-bt).
A intib` [inf. n. vii of ' to be stamped,'
&c.], s.m. The being stamped, impressed, or
A anzr, s.f. pl. (of nazar), Looks, glances,
eyes.
A in`m [inf. n. iv of ' to be good; to be
agreeable,' &c.], s.m. Benefaction, donative,
gratuity, largess, favour, gift, present; reward,
s.m. An honourable or distinguishing gift:
in`m-ikrm, s.m. pl. Favours and honours;
document conveying an assignment of rent-free
land; deed of grant:in`m-dr, s.m. Holder of
an in`m or grant of rent-free land:in`m
den (-ko), To give a reward (to), to reward; to
award a prize (to), to distribute rewards or
prizes:in`m-k pais, s.m. Prize-money.
P in`mat (for A. ), s.f. Benefaction,
&c.=in`m. (Rare.)
A in`eks [inf. n. vii of ' to reverse'],
s.m. The being reversed or inverted; inversion;

195
reflexion (as from a mirror); repercussion,
reverberation.
A anfr, s.m. pl. (of nafar), Individuals,
persons; soldiers, servants.
A anfs, s.m. pl. (of nafas), Breathings,
respirations; breaths, voices, words; spirits
(perhaps mistakenly, as though it were the
plural of nafs; see next).
A anfus, s.m. pl. (of nafs), Spirits, souls,
minds; animate things; persons.
A infil [inf. n. vii of ' to separate,
sift, &c.], s.m. Separation, division; adjustment,
settlement, decision (of a case, see faiala):
infil karn, v.t. To decide, settle (=faiala
karn).
A infe`l [inf. n. vii of ' to do'], s.m. An private mark (showing the selling price of an
act which causes a blush (as its effect); shame,
modesty; confusion.
A infikk [inf. n. vii of
' to separate; set
free,' &c.], s.m. The becoming separated;
dislocation (of a bone); release (from a
compact); redemption (of a pledge or
mortgage).
A inqib [inf. n. vii of ' to seize, S nak, s.m. A large military drum
hold,' &c.], s.m. Detention; retention;
contraction; constipation.
A inqism [inf. n. vii of ' to divide'],
s.m. The being divided; division, partition,
distribution.
A inqi [inf. n. vii of ' to determine, deny'], s.m. Denial, negation, disavowal,
decree'], s.m. The being ended; expiration (of a
term), expiry, lapse (of a period of time);part.
adj. Ended, expired, lapsed, elapsed; finished,
accomplished, fulfilled.
A inqit` [inf. n. vii of ' to cut off,' wl, s.m. Denier; objector; recusant;
&c.]; s.m. The being cut, sundered, severed,
broken off, &c.: separation, disjunction;
amputation; extinction, failure, cessation,
discontinuance; adjustment.
A inqilb [inf. n. vii of ' to turn,
change'], s.m. Change, alteration, turn,
revolution, vicissitude; inversion; transposition;
subversion.
A inqiyd [inf. n. vii of ' to lead,' &c.], this curved line the marks would denote 'one
s.m. Obedience, subjection, submission,
compliance, docility, fidelity.
H ank, = H k, [S. ],
s.m. lit. 'Hook, curve, bend'; numerical figure,
cypher, number (syn. `adad); a letter of the
alphabet; mark, spot, line, stroke (syn. raqam),
private mark (showing the selling price of an
article), mark or stamp, or figures on coins; (in
Arith.) the product of the principal into the rate
and time; curve of the body. flank or part above
the hip, embrace; share, portion:ank-biddy
(anka-vidy), s.f. The science of numbers,
arithmetic (syn. `ilm-e-isb):k-band, s.f.
Adjustment of rents:k-dr, s.m. Sharer,
partner:anka-kr, s.m. Assayer.
H k, = H ank, [S. ],
s.m. lit. 'Hook, curve, bend'; numerical figure,
cypher, number (syn. `adad); a letter of the
alphabet; mark, spot, line, stroke (syn. raqam),
article), mark or stamp, or figures on coins; (in
Arith.) the product of the principal into the rate
and time; curve of the body. flank or part above
the hip, embrace; share, portion:ank-biddy
(anka-vidy), s.f. The science of numbers,
arithmetic (syn. `ilm-e-isb):k-band, s.f.
Adjustment of rents:k-dr, s.m. Sharer,
partner:anka-kr, s.m. Assayer.
beaten at one end, a kettle-drum.
H akr [S. +], s.m.=k,
q.v.
A inkr [inf. n. iv of ' to ignore; to
disclaimer; refusal, disallowance; contradiction;
objection; rejection:inkr karn (-se), To
deny, disallow, deny all knowledge (of), to
disclaim, gainsay, contradict; to refuse, refuse
to admit; to object (to); to reject:inkr karne-
unbeliever:inkr hon (-se), To deny,
&c.=inkr karn, q.v.
S anu-kr, adj. Imitating,
following; imitative;s.m. Imitator, &c.
H ukr (from S. anka), s.f.
Curve, crook, bend; a curved line after a figure
(e.g. four annas'; ' eight annas':without
pice,' and 'two pice' respectively).
S anu-kl, s.m. Appointed time,
due season.
196
H akn (caus. of akn), v.t. To H ak [S. ++], s.m.
cause to be valued, to have or get (a thing) Any iron with a curved or crooked end; hook,
valued or appraised; to value, appraise; tenter; fish-hook; tendril, cirrhus (in this sense
(=kn, q.v.); to examine (as cloth); to ak or akr is the more common).
approve of.
H akn, akun [S.
H ak`o (v.n. from akn), s.m.
+], v.t. To cause to curl up, shrink,
Valuation, appraisement.
or contract (with heat, &c.); to make crisp (with
heat); to dry; to heat, to parch (cf. akorn and
S ankit, part. Numbered, counted, akn).
paged; marked, branded, stamped, ruled (with
lines), spotted, stained; approved. H akha, s.f. Shrinking,
contraction; crispness; dryness; cramp.
S an-ukt, part. Not told; unuttered,
unsaid, unexpressed, understood;s.m. Trope, H akan (see akn), v.n. To
allegory, parable.
curl up (through heat, &c.); to shrink, contract;
to become crisp or dry (cf akan).
S anu-kathan, s.m. Speaking
concurrently. H ak, = H k,
A ankar, adj. compar. & superl. (of s.f. dim. of k, q.v.
nakr), More, or most, offensive; very
disagreeable or unpleasant; odious, detestable. H k, = H ak,
s.f. dim. of k, q.v.
S akur, = H akur,
s.m. Sprout, shoot, blade, seed-bud, germ. H akus, akas, = H
kus, [S. ], s.m. The iron hook
H akur, = S akur,
with which elephants are driven; goad; anything
s.m. Sprout, shoot, blade, seed-bud, germ. or person that acts as a spur or impels to action,
&c.:kus mrn, v.t. To goad; to reduce to
H akrn, akurn = submission, bring to obedience.
akn, q.v.
H kus, = H akus,
S anu-karsha, s.m. Drawing, akas, [S. ], s.m. The iron hook
dragging, attraction. with which elephants are driven; goad; anything
or person that acts as a spur or impels to action,
S anu-kram, s.m. Order, method, &c.:kus mrn, v.t. To goad; to reduce to
succession, series. submission, bring to obedience.

S anu-kramaik, s.f. A inkisr, = A P inkisr, s.f. [inf.

n. vii of ' to break'], s.m. The being broken;
Table or chapter of contents, index. humility; abjectness; spiritlessness;
despondency.
S anu-kara, s.m. Following
the example (of), imitation; mimicry. A P inkisr, s.f. = A inkisr, [inf.
n. vii of ' to break'], s.m. The being broken;
H akr (dim. of akur, q.v.), s.f. humility; abjectness; spiritlessness;
despondency.
A young sprout.
A inkisf [inf. n. vii of ' to cause an
H akr [S. ++], s.f. A eclipse'], s.m. Being eclipsed (the sun); solar
kind of vetch, Vicia sativa;wet grain; eclipse.
bramble (see s.v. );hook, &c.=k, q.v.
H ankus, aks, s.f. (dim. of
akus, q.v.), Hook, tenter.

197
A inkishf [inf. n. vii of ' to H akorn (caus. of akurn),
manifest,' &c.], s.m. Being disclosed;
v.t. To make crisp; to dry up; to parch; to heat,
disclosure, exposure, detection.
warm.
H ako [S. ++],
S akak, s.m. Arithmetician;
s.m. A large hook; a kind of grapnel.
accountant.
S anu-kl, adj. Conformable to;
S an-akshara, adj. Unable to read, acting in concert with; favourable, agreeable,
well-disposed, friendly, kind, propitious,
illiterate;s.m. An illiterate person, ignoramus,
gracious;s.m. Friend; helper; companion.
dolt, blockhead.
S anu-klat, s.f. Conformity;
H anu-ksha [S. anukshaam), consent; concert; concord, goodwill, favour.
adv. Every moment, momentarily, perpetually. S nu-klya, vulg. anu-klya,
s.m. Help, assistance, patronage.
S anu-kamp, s.f. Sympathy, H akwaiy,
pity, compassion, tenderness. s.m.=akak and k, q.q.v.
H anakh, anukh (v.n. of ankhn),
H -nikaln, v.n. See s.v. n. s.f. Angry look; displeasure, anger; envy,
malignity, malice, wickedness.
H akn [S. ], v.n. To be H kh [S. ], s.f. Eye; sight;
valued, appraised, estimated, weighed, look, glance, regard, observation; discernment,
measured, &c. (see next). judgment, sense:kh n or -jn, To have
inflammation of the eyes, to suffer from
H kn (caus. of akn), v.t. To ophthalmia; to have a sore eye; to be blear-
value, appraise, estimate, weigh, measure, eyed:kh-anjan, s.f. A stye on the eyelid
count, reckon; to judge, consider; to mark, (see anjan and anjanhr):kh uhn, To
stamp, distinguish (a thing) by a mark; to page raise the eyes; to give up, leave off, relinquish,
(a book);to remove disease or pain by spells resign; kh uhkar na dekhn (-ko), lit. 'Not
and incantations (syn. jhn). to raise the eyes and look'; not to notice, to
disregard, to treat with disdain; to keep the eyes
down; to be abashed or ashamed; to be humble,
H k [S. +], s.m. One
bashful, shy, or diffident:kh uhn,
who values, &c.; appraiser (=ankak); an officer v.n.=kh n, q.v.:kh na hon, v.n.
employed to survey and appraise standing To be unable to raise the eyes (through shame,
crops. &c.):kh ban (-k), To avoid the eye
(of), elude the observation (of); to steal away
H akauw, s.m.=k, q.v. (syn. secretly, slink away;to avoid seeing or
madr). noticing, to pretend not to see (one); to turn the
eyes aside, look another way;kh ba-ke,
H akwr [S. +], s.f. adv. Secretly, stealthily:kh ban, v.n. To
take off the eyes; to have (one's) attention
Embrace; bosom:akwr bharn, To take
withdrawn:
into, or to fill, the embrace; to embrace.
kh (or khe) badaln or badal-len, To
regard with altered looks; to view with variable
H akwn (caus. of kn), regards; to be fickle or inconstant; to be
v.t. To cause to value, &c.; also=akn, q.v. changed; to withdraw (one's) favour or
regard:kh barbar rakhn (apn), To
H ann-k, s.m. See s.v. ann. preserve (one's) look or regard unaltered, to
keep friendship or regard unaltered:kh
barbar na kar-sakn, Not to be able to look
H akr, = H akr,
steadfastly into another's face; to be ashamed,
=akur, akur, q.q.v. shy, or sheepish:kh band kar-len (-se, or -
k taraf-se), To shut the eyes (to); to close the
H akr, = H akr, eyes, fall asleep, die; to turn away (from), take
=akur, akur, q.q.v. no notice (of), to treat with neglect; to retire
(from), relinquish, give up:kh band hon,

198
v.n. lit. 'The eyes to be closed'; to be asleep; to shun; not to attend (to), not to notice, to
fall asleep; to die:kh bhar or bhar-ke disregard; to pretend not to see, to connive
dekhn or dekh-len(-k taraf), To look (at) till (at):kh ahn, To look angry, &c.
(one's) curiosity is fully satisfied; to stare (=kh-bhau ahn, q.v.); to be intoxicated
steadily and long (at); to bestow a full gaze (see next):kh ahn (-se), To have eyes
(upon), to cast angry looks (at), look angry or heavy or drowsy (from intoxication, or want of
threatening (at);to cast amorous glances (at), sleep, or head-ache); to have eyes marked by
gaze amorously (upon): debauch; to have the eyes turned up (in death),
kh (or nkhe) bhar-ln, To have eyes full to be dying:kh amkn, To make the eyes
of tears, to be ready to cry:kh-bhau fla h or dance; to roll one's eyes (in anger, or as
ahn, kh-eh karn, To raise the eyes a blandishment):kh hipn or hupn (-
and eyebrows (in anger, &c.), to look angry, to se) =kh urn, q.v.:kh r-r
frown; to look disgusted, or with dislike (at), dekhn, kh r-ke dekhn = kh ph-ph-
make a wry face (at); to show contempt, look ke dekhn, q.v.:kh dbn, To close, or
disdainfully (upon or at): press close, the eyes; to forbid by signs:kh
kh (or khe) pathrn or pathr-jn, The dikhn, To look angry or threatening, to stare
eyes to become petrified, the eyes to become defiantly; to frown, scowl (=kh-bhau
dim through constant gazing, &c.):kh ahn and kh ahn); to menace, brow-
ph-ph-ke dekhn, To look or gaze (at) with beat, deter:kh dekhn (-k), To observe the
strained and eager eyes, to observe with eyes (of) with a view to guidance, &c.; to
eagerness and anxiety; to stare (at) with all receive education in the company (of):kh
(one's) eyes; to look (at) in astonishment; to dekhke, adv. After having observed (another's)
scrutinize closely:kh phaakn, To feel a eyes, at a hint or sign (from):kh ln (-
pulsation in the eye (if the pulsation be in the par), To cast or set eyes (on), to look (over),
right eye of a man or the left of a woman it is glance (at); to cast wanton glances (at):kh
regarded as an omen of some desirable event, ababn, To have the eyes full of tears
whilst the contrary is considered unlucky):
(=kh bhar ln):kh
kh phn or ph-jn, lit. 'The eye to burst
hakn (obsolete), lit. 'To have the eyes
and run out'; to lose an eye, to become blind; to
covered'; to die; to be ashamed:kh
have one's eyes knocked out or put out;kh
rakhn(-par), To have the eyes fixed (on), to
ph pr ga`, prov. 'The eye is lost and the look hopefully (to); to regard with love or
pain is gone'; better the eye out than constant friendship; to set lustful or wanton eyes
pain (said also of a contention which has ceased
(upon=kh ln):kh sur karn,lit. 'To
through the object of it being lost to both
redden the eyes'; to look angry, to be very
parties):kh-pho, kh-pho i, s.m. A
angry: kh-se dekhke, adv. With the eyes
midge that flies into the eyes at night:kh open, with full knowledge (of consequences);
phon or pho-len (-k), To destroy the eye knowingly, wittingly:kh roshan karn (-
(of), to render blind; to ruin the sight (by hard se), To rejoice or delight the eyes (with a sight
study, eager watching, &c.); to study hard, of); to meet or to visit a friend or a person of
apply (oneself) closely; to watch or expect in
rank:kh-se girna (-k), To fall in the regard
vain:kh phern or pher-len (-se), To look or esteem (of), to lose the favour or regard (of),
another way, turn away (from), avoid, shun; to to be out of favour, be disgraced, become
turn up the eye (as in pain, &c.):kh contemptible:kh sekn or sekn, lit. 'To
phailn, To open the eyes wide, to stare; to warm the eyes'; to refresh, rejoice, or feast the
look astonished; to be discerning, wise, prudent, eyes (with the sight of); to derive consolation
or judicious:kh hand karn, To cool the (from), to comfort or console oneself:kh-
eyes with water (when heated with weeping, as
k tr, lit. 'The pupil of the eye';=kh-k
is the Hind custom on the third day after the
putl, q.v.:kh khaakn, To have a painful
death of a relative); to refresh the eye, to gratify
throbbing in the eye, have a pain in the eyes:
the eye (with a sight of); to derive consolation,
kh khuln (-k), lit. 'The eyes to open'; to be
be comforted:kh jhapakn, lit. 'The eyes to
born; to awake from sleep, become awake; to
blink'; to blink; to doze, be heavy with sleep,
have the eyes opened; to become aware (of), to
begin to fall asleep; to be dazzled; to be
attain to a knowledge (of); to become
timid:kh jhukn, lit. 'The eyes to lower or
conscious; to be alive (to), to be put on (one's)
close'; to doze, &c. (=kh jhapakn, q.v.); to guard (against); to be astonished or amazed:
have the eyes lowered (through modesty,
kh kholn or khol-den (-k), To open the
shame, or timidity:kh urn (-se), To eyes (of); to make aware or cognizant (of), to
avert the eyes (from,through pride, shame, or impart knowledge (to); to open (one's own)
dislike); to avoid the eyes or sight (of); to avoid,

199
eyes, to awake from sleep, to open the eyes death:kh-me sl na hon, lit. 'To have no
wide, to stare; to stare in wonder, astonishment, moisture in the eyes'; to be cold and indifferent,
&c.; to become wise, discerning, or prudent: to be hard-hearted or pitiless; to be bold,
kh- (or kho-) k putl, lit. 'The pupil of the brazen, shameless:kh na hairn (-par, or -
eye'; the apple of (one's) eye, darling, pet: ke smhne), To be unable to fix the gaze (on);
kh-ke rbar, kh-ke smhne, adv. In the to be dazzled (by):kh na rakhn, To have
sight (of), before the eyes (of), in presence no eyes, not to look; to lack discernment, be
(of):kh garm karn = kh sekn, q.v.: mentally blind;to have no hope or
kh ghurakn, To look angrily or menacingly expectation:kh nam karn = kh bhar-
(at):kh lajn, To have the eyes lowered ln, q.v.:kho-par bihn, kho-par
through shame or modesty (=kh jhukn): rakhn, v.t. lit. 'To set or place on one's eyes'; to
kh lan (-se), To look steadfastly (at), meet treat with esteem, veneration, or honour; to
stare with stare; to interchange glances; to prize, hold dear, love, regard highly:kho-
communicate a secret by signs; to cast amorous par baihn, To be revered or esteemed; to be
glances, make love with the eyes (=kh mi- beloved; to be treated with honour:kho-
ln):kh lan (-se), To encounter the eyes par hikr rakhn or rakh-len, To be blind to all
(of); to exchange love-glances; to fall in love shame, to be shameless; to be wanting in
(with), be enamoured (of):kh lagn (-se), feeling, to care nothing (for), to be indifferent
To fix the eyes (on), form an attachment (to), (to):kho dekhn, kho-se dekhn, To
fall in love (with); to look up (to), to respect, see with one's own eyes:kho dekh mn,
honour:kh-lagn, lit. 'The eyes to close'; to kno sun na mn, prov. Seeing is
fall asleep, to doze; to have the eyes fixed on believing:kho-se, adv. With all my heart
another (as an object of affection), to be and soul, willingly, cheerfully (=ba sar o
enamoured (of);kh-lag, s.m. A man on ashm):khon-k tel nikln, To draw
whom a woman's affections are set, a tears from the eyes; to try the eyes sorely (by
paramour;kh-lag, s.f. A woman on whom close application), to pore over (a book), work
a man's affections are set; a mistress:kh hard (with the needle, &c.):kho-k kjal
mrn, To make a sign with the eye, to wink, urn, lit. 'To steal the lamp-black of the eyes';
tip the wink; stop (any one) by a sign; to cast to be a very expert thief, to steal the teeth out of
amorous glances:kh mikn, lit. 'To shut one's mouth:kho-me, adv. By a
and open the eyes alternately'; to blink; to wink, movement or glance of the eye:kho-me
make a sign:kh-miauwal (or muauwal), n, or -jn, To get into the head (wine, &c.),
s.m. kh-miaul (or -muaul), s.m. kh to intoxicate; to be intoxicated:kho-me
miaul (or -muaul), s.f. Blind man's buff phirn, kho-me samn, To be always
(syn. ashm-bandak;see kh mn): before (one's) eyes; to be ever in (one's)
kh miln, To look (one) in the face, gaze mind:kho-me ubhn, To delight the
full in the face (of); to exchange glances eye; to rejoice; to charm, to fascinate:
(see kh lan); to contract friendship, kho-me arbi hn, To be blinded by
&c.:kh miln = kh lan, q.v.:kh pride, vanity, lust, &c.; to be wilfully blind, to
mi- (or -mi-) jn, lit. 'The eye to become pretend not to know one:kho-me r
closed'; to die:kh-mudaul, kh- hon, lit. 'To be a thorn in the eye'; to be painful
mudauwal, s.m. Blind man's buff (=kh to the eyes, to prove a very unpleasant sight, to
miaul):kh mon = kh phern, q.v.: be an eye-sore, to be viewed with envy and
kh md-ke, adv. With the eyes shut, blindly, dislike:kho-me k (or dhl) ln (-
inconsiderately:kh-mdn = kh band k), To throw dust in the eyes (of); to blind,
kar-len, q.v.:kh-mudaur, s.m.=kh- deceive, cheat, impose upon; to commend or
miaul, q.v.:kh mn, or mn, To close puff wares of an inferior quality; to pilfer or
the eyes, to blindfold; to shut and close the snatch away anything quickly and secretly:
eyes, to wink (=kh mikn); to wink (at), kho-me rt kan, kho-me rt le-jn,
connive (at):kh mail karn, To look To pass the night awake, to have restless or
angry, frown, scowl:kh-me kh miln, sleepless nights:kho-me sal` phern (-
To look one boldly in the face, meet glance k), To deprive of sight, to blind:kho-me
with glance (after the manner of one who is not khubn = kho-me ubhn, q.v.:kho-
ashamed, or has nothing to fear):kh-me me khuakn = kho-me khaakn, and
jn an, kh-me j n, akh-me dam n, kho-me r hon, q.q.v.:kho-me
To have fresh life in the eyes, to revive, ghar karn, kho-me basn (-k), l t. 'To
recover;to be reduced to great straits, be dwell in the eyes' (of); to win the affections
reduced to the last extremity, be at the point of (of), possess the heart (of); to have one's image

200
ever before the eyes (cf. kho-me H kh [S. ], s.m. Sprout,
phirna);to blind, hoodwink, deceive; to deny shoot; sprout or shoot in the joint of sugar-cane
(a fact); to persist in one's own erroneous
(=akhu`); offspring, issue, child.
opinions:kho-me na hairn, To appear
worthless, or of small account, to be thought
little of; to be disapproved of:kho-h H anu-khl [S. +],
ankho-me, adv. By a mere movement or s.m. Ditch, fosse, trench, moat; creek.
glance of the eye; at a glance:khe
bihn, To cherish, esteem, &c. (=kho-par H ankhn (from kh, 'eye'),
bihn, q.v.):khe phan or pha-jn, To v.n. To look angry or threatening; to be angry
feel the eyes bursting (with pain); to look on or displeased; to be peevish or fretful.
astonished till the eyes are ready to burst, to
gaze in astonishment;to be consumed with H kh`, akh`o, s.m. (sce
envy or jealousy:khe r hon, lit. 'Four
kh), Valuation, &c.; rough estimate or
eyes to meet'; to look into each other's eyes (see
valuation (without actual measurement) of a
r khe hon, s.v. r);khe hat-se
standing crop, &c.
lagn or lag-jn, To have the eyes turned
upward in anxious expectation; to have the eyes
turned upward in death, to be dying:khe H khar [S. ], s.m.=ahar,
n, To have a bursting pain in the eyes q.v.
(=khe phan); to have inflamed or sore
eyes (=kh n):khe daun, To run the H akhr, = H
eyes round, to look about or around (eagerly or akh, [kh+dim. aff. r, or = S. ], s.f.
anxiously); to cast wanton glances around:
khe dekhn (-k), To study the inclination, (dim. of kh), Eye; glance of the eye.
wishes, or temper (of); to behave respectfully
(towards); to take example (from), learn (from a H akh, = H
better); to be used to good society; to have seen akhr, [kh+dim. aff. r, or = S. ], s.f.
all sorts of society; to be no better than the
(dim. of kh), Eye; glance of the eye.
example set before one:khe smne karn,
To look one boldly, or shamelessly, in the
face:khe sufaid hon, To have a film over H akhan, s.m. The space between
the eye, to become blind (with weeping and two pillars or beams. (The word is, I believe,
vain expectation):khe lag-rahn or lag peculiar to Southern India.)
rahn (-k taraf), The eyes to be fixed intently
(on, or in the direction of), to look out H akhiy [S. +], s.f.
anxiously for:khe nikln (-k), To take (dim. of kh), Eye; glance of the eye; love-
out the eyes (of), deprive of sight;to look glance. (The plural is ankhiy).
angrily or menacingly (at), to menace (=kh
aikhna, and akhn):khe nl-pl karn, H akhu` [S. +],
To turn red and blue with rage, become livid
with anger, to look very angry:khe hon, s.m.=ankur and kh, q.q.v.
To have eyes, to be able to see (mentally); to
get sense or discernment. S anga, ang, = H g, s.m.
Body, limb, member; part, portion, share; a
H kh (for k, from kn, q.v.), division or subdivision (of a science, &c.);
s.f. Valuation, appraisement, estimation, g, s.m. Demand per head for pasturing cattle,
calculation; adjustment of the rents to be paid an agistment:ang-biddy (anga-vidy), s.f.
by the coparceners through the person held The science which treats of the structure of the
liable for the realization of the Government body, anatomy (=`ilm-e-tashr); knowledge of
demand. the lucky and unlucky marks of the body:
ang-bal, s.m. Power of body:any bhang karn
(-k), To cut off a limb; to mutilate:ang
H kh (= q.v.), s.f. The bend
bhang hon (-k), To have a limb cut off; to be
or hollow near the knee-pan. mutilated; to be crippled; to be stiff in the
joints:ang (or g) pakan, To gain flesh,
become plump or fat:anga-ja, angaj, s.m. lit.
'Produced from the body'; a son;anga-j, ang-
j`, s.f. A daughter:ang-hedan, s.m. Cutting

201
off a limb; mutilation:ang-rg, s.m. contact with the body; to be embraced; to be
Application of scented unguents or cosmetics to assimilated (food); to be nourished, grow stout;
the body (especially after bathing):ang- to tell (upon):ang- (or g-) ma, s.f.=g-
hang, s.m.=hang, q.v.:ang-rakh, mo, q.v.:ang (or g) mon, To turn or
s.m.=angarkh, q.v.:ang-sehr, s.f. Shivering twist the body, to stretch (oneself); to turn away
of the body; ague:ang (or g) godn (-k), (from, -se), shrink (from); to avoid, shun; to
To puncture the body and introduce colouring bend or bow (in humility), to be humble and
matter (generally indigo), to tattoo:ang (or unassuming;g-mo, s.f. Stretching;
g) lagn or lag-den (-me), To place (a yawning:ang-nys, s.m. A religious
thing) close to the body, to place the body close ceremony which consists in touching certain
(to a thing); to embrace, clasp; to put on, to parts of the body according to the rules
wear (clothes); to carry or take away (with one); prescribed in the stras:ang-wr, s.m. The
to unite or join (-to, -ke, as in marriage):ang proprietor of a small portion of a village;
(or g) lagn, v.n. To be brought or placed in mutual aid in tillage.
contact with the body; to be embraced; to be
assimilated (food); to be nourished, grow stout; S anu-ga, anug, adj. & s.m.
to tell (upon):ang- (or g-) ma, s.f.=g- Following, succeeding;follower, dependant,
mo, q.v.:ang (or g) mon, To turn or servant (=anugm, q.v.).
twist the body, to stretch (oneself); to turn away
(from, -se), shrink (from); to avoid, shun; to
H ang [S. +], s.m. A long
bend or bow (in humility), to be humble and
unassuming;g-mo, s.f. Stretching; coat or tunic worn by men (Hinds and
yawning:ang-nys, s.m. A religious Mohammadans).
ceremony which consists in touching certain
parts of the body according to the rules H ang [from S. or ], s.f.
prescribed in the stras:ang-wr, s.m. The Nurse, nursemaid, y.
proprietor of a small portion of a village;
mutual aid in tillage. H g [S. or +], s.m.
As much as can be embraced in both arms, a
H g, = S anga, ang, s.m. double armful (syn. kaul);axle, axle-tree (of
Body, limb, member; part, portion, share; a a cart); hire, fare.
division or subdivision (of a science, &c.);
g, s.m. Demand per head for pasturing cattle, H angr [S. ], = H
an agistment:ang-biddy (anga-vidy), s.f.
The science which treats of the structure of the angr [S. ], s.m. Heated
body, anatomy (=`ilm-e-tashr); knowledge of charcoal, a live coal, fire, firebrand, a bit of fire,
the lucky and unlucky marks of the body: cinder, spark; burning matter; charcoal;
ang-bal, s.m. Power of body:any bhang karn Tuesday:angr-par (or angro-par) lon, To
(-k), To cut off a limb; to mutilate:ang roll on fire (as a religious austerity); to be very
bhang hon (-k), To have a limb cut off; to be restless or disquieted, to lie (as it were) on
mutilated; to be crippled; to be stiff in the thorns; to burn with rage, envy, or jealousy:
joints:ang (or g) pakan, To gain flesh, angre barasn, To rain sparks of fire, to rain
become plump or fat:anga-ja, angaj, s.m. lit. fire:angre-k k, s.m. The salamander.
'Produced from the body'; a son;anga-j, ang-
j`, s.f. A daughter:ang-hedan, s.m. Cutting H angr [S. ], = H
off a limb; mutilation:ang-rg, s.m.
Application of scented unguents or cosmetics to angr [S. ], s.m. Heated charcoal,
the body (especially after bathing):ang- a live coal, fire, firebrand, a bit of fire, cinder,
hang, s.m.=hang, q.v.:ang-rakh, spark; burning matter; charcoal; Tuesday:
s.m.=angarkh, q.v.:ang-sehr, s.f. Shivering angr-par (or angro-par) lon, To roll on fire
of the body; ague:ang (or g) godn (-k), (as a religious austerity); to be very restless or
To puncture the body and introduce colouring disquieted, to lie (as it were) on thorns; to burn
matter (generally indigo), to tattoo:ang (or with rage, envy, or jealousy:angre barasn,
g) lagn or lag-den (-me), To place (a To rain sparks of fire, to rain fire:angre-k
thing) close to the body, to place the body close k, s.m. The salamander.
(to a thing); to embrace, clasp; to put on, to
wear (clothes); to carry or take away (with one); H angr, s.f. dim. of angr, q.v.
to unite or join (-to, -ke, as in marriage):ang
(or g) lagn, v.n. To be brought or placed in

202
H angr [S. ], s.f. A H angarkh, ang-rakh [S.
small fire-pan; chafing-dish, brazier, a small +], s.m. lit. 'Body protector'; a long
stove (syn. angeh). tunic or coat worn by men (Musalmans and
Hinds,the former having it made to open on
H angkr, = H the left (cf. ap-kan), the latter to open on the
angk, [S. ], s.f. Small right:syn. ang).
cakes of flour, &c. baked on live coals or
cinders (cf. apt). H angarkh, s.f. dim. of
angarkh, q.v.
H angk, = H
S anu-grah s.m. Favour, grace,
angkr, [S. ], s.f. Small
kindness, indulgence; help, support:anugrah-
cakes of flour, &c. baked on live coals or
ptra, s.m. Recipient of kindness, or of special
cinders (cf. apt).
favour; favourite; protg:anugrah karn (-
par), To do a kindness or favour (to); to favour.
S anu-gm, adj. Following,
succeeding; consequent (on); imitating; S anu-grah, s.m.=anugrh, q.v.
attached (to), devoted (to); obedient;s.m.
Follower, successor; imitator; dependant,
companion, attach, servant. S anu-grahta, part.
Favoured; graciously accepted;s.m. A
P angabn, s.m. Honey (=anjabn). favoured object; favourite.

S anu-gat, part. adj. Gone after, H angr (dim. from ang), s.f.
followed; imitated;following, attached (to), Armour; doublet.
dependent (on);s.m. Follower, &c.=anugm,
q.v. H angur, s.f.=angul, ungl, q.v.
S ingit, s.m. Intimation,
suggestion, hint, sign, gesture, motion; search, H angrez, vulg. angrej (corr. of
inquiry, research. 'English'), s.m. An Englishman.

S angad, s.m. A bracelet worn on the H angrezan [an = S. ], An

upper arm; (in Myth.) Name of the son of Bl, Englishwoman.
king of the monkeys.
H angrez, vulg. angrej, adj.
H angaiy, angay [S.
English, British;s.f. English, the English
++], s.m. One who carries language=angrez-zabn: angrez-n,
money or jewels about his person, concealed in s.m. A student of English, one who is studying
his quilted coat. English:angrez-dn, s.m. One who knows
English; an English scholar.
S anu-grhak, = S
H an-ga, adj.=an-gah, q.v.
anu-grh, adj. & s.m. Favouring,
shewing kindness (to), helping;Patron,
supporter, helper. H angn [caus. from S.
or ], v.n. To twist the body, stretch the
S anu-grh, = S limbs; to yawn; to roll and toss about in bed
anu-grhak, adj. & s.m. Favouring, (see the more common ag` len, s.v. ang`).
shewing kindness (to), helping;Patron,
supporter, helper. H ang` (v.n. of angn), s.f.
Twisting or stretching the limbs (especially the
H angr`, s.f.= ang`, upper members); yawning:ang` ton, To
q.v. stretch oneself, or to yawn, so as to impart the
desire to do likewise to another (which is
disapproved of):ang` len, To stretch the

203
limbs, to endeavour to shake off drowsiness; to H inglis (corr. from 'English'; see
yawn (=angn). inglisy), s.f. Pension.

H an-gah, = H P inglistn (i.e. 'English'+stn), s.m.

an-gah, [S. +; cf. the H. an-ghar], England.
adj. Unformed, unfashioned, unshaped,
unworked, unwrought, unfinished, crude, H inglisiy, inglisy, s.m. An
rough, unpolished, uncivilized, ill-bred, ill- invalided or pensioned soldier or siph;
mannered, rude, uncouth, awkward, clownish; pensioner. (The word most probably meaut,
unset (as a stone or jewel); ill-arranged, ill- originally, 'One who receives an allowance
matched; disconnected, incoherent; wild, absurd from the English.')
(as speech, &c.);s.m. A rough, awkward
fellow; an unlicked cub. (See angha.) H angul, ungl [S.
], s.f. Finger, finger's breadth:ungl
H an-gah, = H
uhn, To raise the finger; to point the finger
an-gah, [S. +; cf. the H. an-ghar], adj. (at); to make a sign; to stir;ungl-par (or
Unformed, unfashioned, unshaped, unworked, ungliyo-par) nan (-ko), lit. 'To make one
unwrought, unfinished, crude, rough, dance upon, or after, one's fingers'; to lead (one)
unpolished, uncivilized, ill-bred, ill-mannered, a fine dance, to harass, jade, distress; to do as
rude, uncouth, awkward, clownish; unset (as a one pleases with (a person); to trifle with, play
stone or jewel); ill-arranged, ill-matched; with, make a fool of, make jest of, ridicule:
disconnected, incoherent; wild, absurd (as ungl akn, v.n. To snap or crack the
speech, &c.);s.m. A rough, awkward fellow; fingers:ungl rakhn (-par), To place the
an unlicked cub. (See angha.) finger (upon); to cover or conceal with a finger;
to point out (errors), to criticize, find fault
P angusht [Pehl. angust, Zend angusta, S. (with); to interfere (with), molest, worry,
], s.f. Finger:angusht-e-shahdat, s.f. harass:ungl lagn (-ko), To touch with a
finger, lay a finger upon, to strike:ungl
The fore-finger (lit. 'the finger of testimony or
nan, To jeer, taunt, or annoy one by moving
profession,'so called because the
Mohammadans hold it up when making a the middle finger (before him):ungliy
profession of faith:see bat-ungl):angusht- uhn, lit. 'Fingers to rise'; to be notorious, to be
num, adj. Pointed at with the finger; famous, the object of scorn or contempt (=angusht-num
notorious; pointed at in scorn, held in hon):ungl lan, To scratch, claw:bat-
contempt;s.m. An object of distinction or ungl, s.f. The fore-finger (=angusht-e-
notoriety; an object of scorn or contempt; shahdat):pj-ungl, s.f. The finger with
angusht-num hon, To be pointed at or out as a which sandal is applied or sprinkled; the finger
famous person, to be famous; to be pointed to on which the wedding ring is worn by European
in scorn, be made the object of scorn, &c. women:pair-k ungl, s.f. Toe:dto-me
ungl dabn (or den), To place the fore-finger
P angushtna (or, by contr. angushtn), between the teeth by way of expressing
s.m. A ring,especially one worn on the astonishment, sorrow, or amazement at a
thumb; an archer's thumb-stall; a thimble. sudden calamity; to be astonished or amazed:
ain-ungl, s.f. The middle-finger (=b-k, or
P angushtar, s.f. A ring,especially bil ungl: It is so called from the superstitious
one worn on the finger (in contradistinction to notion that the finger has some bewitching or
angushtna: syn. angh. malignant virtue in it):kalm-k ungl, kalme-
k ungl, s.f. Fore-finger (=bat-ungl):kan-
S angushha, s.m. Thumb; great ungl, s.f. The little finger.
toe; thumb's breadth (as a measure: See
H angle [S. + ?], s.f.
angh).
Body, person, form, build, make, physical
frame.
H angul, ungal [S. ],
s.m. Finger; thumb; great toe; finger's length;
H inglsiy, s.m.=inglisiy,
finger's breadth, a measure equal to eight
barley-corns:angul-ba, ungal-b, s.m. q.v.
Whitlow, felon.

204
S anu-gaman, s.m. Going after, H angh [S. +], s.m.
following. (The term is applied to the ceremony Thumb; great toe:angh mn (-k), lit.
of the burning of a Hind widow who has heard 'To kiss the toe'; to flatter, act the toady (to),
of her husband's death when from home.) play the sycophant:angh dikhn (-ko), To
show the thumb (to one) in defiance or derision,
H gan [S. ], s.m. Inclosed or to signify a desire for sexual intercourse; to
space adjoining a house; court-yard, court, area, trifle with; to signify 'Don't you wish you may
quadrangle (also written angn and angn`: get it' (cf. heng dikhn):anghe-pe mrn
syn. an and auk). (-ko), To regard as vile or contemptible, to hold
of no account.
H ugan, s.m.=ugn, q.v.
H angh [S. +], s.f.
Finger-ring; toe-ring.
H agn, s.m.=gan, q.v.
H angoh, angauh
S angan, angn, s.f. A well-
[S. + , or ang+poh, fr. pohn, 'to
formed woman, a beauty; a woman.
wipe,' q.v.], s.m. A cloth which Hinds fasten
round their waists when bathing, and afterwards
H an-gin (an+perf. part. of wipe themselves with; a towel.
ginn, q.v.), adj. Uncounted, unreckoned,
untold; countless, numberless, innumerable, H angoh, s.f. dim. of
incalculable (=be-gint, be-shumr):an-gin
baras, s.m. lit. 'The unreckoned year'; the eighth angoh, q.v.
year of one's age (cf. next):angin mahn,
s.m. lit. 'The unreckoned month'; the eighth P angr, s.m. The Grape, Vitis vinifera;
month of pregnancy. (As an eight month's child granulations in a healing sore, cicatrice, scab of
seldom lives, the eighth month or year has a sore:angr n, angr bandhn, angr bhar-
come to be superstitiously regarded in the East ln, v.n. To cicatrize, to heal (as a sore):
as unlucky.) angr phan, angr taakhn, v.n. The cicatrice
or scab of a sore or wound to crack or break:
angr-k sirk, s.m. Grape vinegar:angr-k
H angn`, s.f. Court-yard,
manw, s.m.=angr-k a, s.f. Vine-arbour
&c.=gan, q.v. or frame, vinery, vineyard; fireworks in
imitation of clusters on a vine.
H an-gait, an-
giat, = H an-gat, H angor [S. +?],
angint, [S. +], adj.=an-gin, q.v. s.m. Gnat, musquito, midge.

P angr, adj. Of or belonging to the

H an-gat, grape:angr bg, s.m. Vineyard.
angint, = H an-
H angauriy (cf. ang-wr),
gait, an-giat, [S. +],
s.m. Allowing the use of a plough in lieu of
adj.=an-gin, q.v. wages in money or kind.

H ugn, s.f. Drowsiness, P angza, s.m. Assaftida.

&c.=ugh` (the more com. form, q.v.);
greasing the wheels of a cart or carriage. (See H agaug [S.
ghn, gn.)
++], s.m. Perquisites from the
threshing-floor to the village god, Brhmans,
H ang-wr, s.m. See s.v. ang.
&c.

H ango [S. +], S an-agh, adj. Sinless, guiltless,

s.f.=angle, q.v. blameless, innocent.

205
H ughs, s.f.=ugh` and gh, H angiy, = H g, [S.
q.q.v. +], s.f. A short under-jacket worn by
women; bodice; stays:angiy-k kaor, s.f.
H aghn = aghn, q.v. The receptacles for the breasts in a bodice;
gussets.
H ughn, v.n. To be drowsy, to
doze, &c.=ghn, q.v. H anu-gy (S. anu-jn), s.f. Order,
command.
H ugh` (v.n. from ughn, or
ghn), s.f. Drowsiness, sleepiness, dozing, H ange, s.f.=angle, q.v.
heaviness, dulness (=gh, q.v.).
H angh [S. ++],
H anguhat = angh, q.v. s.m. Receptacle for fire, fire-stand; a
goldsmith's furnace.
H an-gha, adj.=an-gah, q.v.
H angh, angeh, vulg.
H agh, s.m. A ring of mixed ange (dim. of angh, q.v.), s.f. A vessel for
holding fire, brazier, chafing-dish, grate, stove.
metal worn on the great toe by people of low
caste.
P angez, part. act. [of angetan; Zend
hm+rt. vij; S. sam+vij], Stirring up, rousing,
H anghapan, = H exciting, raising, fomenting, causing;raised,
anghapan, s.m. Roughness, elevated, &c. (used as last member of comp.
crudeness; awkwardness, clumsiness, want of e.g. fitna-angez, adj. & s.m. Strife-exciting;
polish, coarseness, rudeness, incivility, ill- mischievous; mischief-maker, &c.).
breeding, bad manners; stupidity.
H angezn (from angez), v.t. To
H anghapan, = H stir up, excite; to bear, endure, suffer,
experience.
anghapan, s.m. Roughness,
crudeness; awkwardness, clumsiness, want of S angkr, s.m. Agreement,
polish, coarseness, rudeness, incivility, ill-
breeding, bad manners; stupidity. acquiescence, assent, consent; acceptance,
reception; promise, submission; avowal,
acknowledgment, confession; selection,
H anghaat, angahat (see choice:angkr karn-ko), To agree to,
angah), s.f. Disconnected, or incoherent, or acquiesce in, accept; to admit, confess, avow,
nonsensical speech; nonsense, gibberish. acknowledge (syn. qabl karn); to concede; to
promise; to submit to, to obey; to undertake.
H an-gher, s.f. Unsuitable
time, inopportune moment. S angkrit, part. Agreed to,
accepted, &c. (see angkr).
S ang, adj. Bodily, corporeal.
S anal, s.f. (but m. in S.), Fire;
H anag (from n, q.v.), s.f. flame;the plant Plumbago zeylanica and
Allowance or discount of one anna in the rupee. rosea.

H g, = H angiy, [S. S anil, s.f. (but m. in S.), Wind, air;

breath.
+], s.f. A short under-jacket worn by
women; bodice; stays:angiy-k kaor, s.f. S anu-lep, s.m. Unction,
The receptacles for the breasts in a bodice;
gussets. anointing, smearing; ointment.

206
S anu-lom, adj. & adv. With the
hair, with the grain, in natural or regular order, S anu-mata, part. Approved,
regular. assented (to); agreeable.

S ai-m, s.m. The superhuman S anu-mati, s.f. Assent,

faculty of making oneself infinitesimally small; permission, approbation; vote; advice, counsel;
the subtle and invisible state that can be command, order.
assumed by a god, or which is supposed to be
attainable by austere devotion or by magical S unmatta, = S unmad,
arts.
adj. Insane, frantic, mad; drunk, intoxicated;
furious; lustful; extravagant;s.m. Lunatic, &c.
A inna-m, adv. Only; just, at least; indeed,
surely.
S unmad, = S unmatta,
S anu-mpak, s.m. Causing, or adj. Insane, frantic, mad; drunk, intoxicated;
furious; lustful; extravagant;s.m. Lunatic, &c.
the cause of, an inference.
S unmattat, s.f. Madness;
S unmd, s.m. Madness, mania;
intoxication; fury; lust.
extravagance.
S anu-maran, s.m. Following in
H unmd [S. unmda+], adj.
death (as a Hind widow follows her husband
(f. -), Mad, &c.=unmatta, q.v.
by sat); postcremation (of a Hind widow
whose husband's corpse is not on the spot);
S anu-mn, s.m. Inference, concremation (of a Hind widow=sat).
supposition, hypothesis, conjecture, rough
estimate; notion, consideration; argument; H an-mukh, adj. Having the face
analogy, theory; (in logic) conclusion;adv.
turned away or averted;adv. With the face
(governing, -ke), Inferentially, conjecturally;
averted.
about (e.g. ar in-ke anumn, 'about four
inches long'):anumn-se, adv. Inferentially, at
a guess, on a rough estimate, on speculation, at S unmukh, adj. Raising the face,
hap-hazard:anumn karn (-k), To infer, looking up or at.
suppose, judge, conjecture, &c.:anumn hon
(with dat. of person), To have a notion (e.g. H an-mil, adj. Ill-assorted,
mujhe anumn hot hai, I have a notion, it unsuitable, &c.=an-mel, q.v.;s.f. A kind of
seems to me). composition in which ludicrous and absurd
combinations are presented in a humorous light;
S unmn, s.f. Measure (of size or ludicrous misjoinders.
quantity), length, size, dimension, magnitude;
duration, period. S ai-man, s.m.=ai-m, q.v.

H anu-mnn, v.n. To infer, H unman [S. +?], s.m.

&c.=anumn karn, q.v. Cloud; clouds.

S anu-mnik, = H H an-man [S. for

anu-mn, adj. Hypothetical, + ], adj. Out of sorts, indisposed;
inferrible, supposable, conjectural, probable, dejected, sad, agitated, troubled in mind; dull.
presumptive; specious;anumn, s.m.
Speculatist, theorizer; guesser.
H an-mann, v.n. To be
H anu-mn, = S dejected, perplexed, agitated, troubled in mind,
&c. (see anman).
anu-mnik, adj. Hypothetical,
inferrible, supposable, conjectural, probable,
presumptive; specious;anumn, s.m.
Speculatist, theorizer; guesser.

207
H an-manhat, vulg. an- anant-audas:anant-audas (S.
ananta+aturda), s.f. The fourteenth lunar day
man, s.f. Agitation, distress of mind,
(or full moon) of Bhdo, when a festival is
perplexity, doubt.
held in honour of Anant or Vishnu:anant-ri,
s.f. (in Arith.) Infinite quantity:anant-rp, adj.
S anu-mant, s.m. Approver; Multiform:anant-kl, s.m. Eternity;adv.
assenter. Eternally. for ever and ever:anant-vt, s.m.
Rigidity or paralysis of the muscles of the face
S anu-modan, s.m. Pleasure, and neck.
delight; joy at the sight or prospect of another's
happiness. S an-antat, s.f. Endlessness,
H an-mol [S. +], adj. boundlessness, eternity, without ending.
Priceless, invaluable; very valuable; precious.
S an-antar, adj. Having no
S unmesh, s.m. Opening the eyes, interstice, or interval, or pause;postpn.
looking at; perception; winking, twinkling of Immediately (upon or after, -ke):is-ke
the eyelids. anantar, Immediately on this, thereupon.

H an-mel [S. +, rt. ], S an-antya, adj. Endless,

adj. Unmixed, without alloy, unadulterated, unbounded, infinite;s.m. Endlessness,
pure, genuine, disconnected, not related; not boundlessness, infinity.
agreeing or harmonizing, discordant, ill-
assorted, unsuitable, jarring; heterogeneous; out S nand, vulg. anand, s.m.
of proportion, disproportioned; unseasonable; Happiness, joy pleasure, delight; enjoyment
foreign (to):an-mel bten, Incoherent speech, gratification; comfort:nand-badhw, s.m.
nonsense; unsuitable speech. Congratulation (on any happy event):nand-
ke tr bajn, 'To strike the chords of joy'; to
S nan, s.m. Mouth, face, visage. enjoy oneself, to revel:nand karn (-se), To
rejoice (at, or in consequence of); to enjoy:
nand-kand, s.m. The root or source of
H nan [S. or ], s.f. enjoyment; an epithet of Krishna:nand-
Order, command (=n, q.v.). mangal, s.m. Mirth, merriment, revelry; rapture;
comfort:nand-may, adj. Blissful, blessed;
H ann, s.f. Wet-nurse. See ann. s.m. An epithet of the Deity:nand hon, To
be happy, to be delighted (with, -se), to derive
pleasure (from);nand ho, Are you happy?
H nn, v.n. To come=n, q.v.
Are you well? How do you do?

H nn [S. +, rt. ], v.t. S nandit, part. Pleased,

To bring=ln. delighted, joyful, cheerful.

H ananns (from the S anindit, adj. Blameless,

Portuguese), s.m. The pine-apple=nans, q.v. irreproachable.

S anu-nsik, adj. lit. 'Through S nandat, s.f. Happiness,

the nose'; (in Gram.) nasal (letter). &c.=nand, q.v.

H ananns, adj. Of or relating S nand, adj. Happy, joyful,

to the pineapple; made like a pineapple; cheerful;s.m. A happy or cheerful person.
pineapple-shaped.
S an-an, an-ans, s.m. One who has
S an-ant, adj. Endless, boundless,
no share; one who is excluded from a share of
infinite, eternal;s.m. An epithet of the serpent an inheritance on account of some legal flaw.
that supports the earth;an epithet of the god
Vishnu;a cord with fourteen knots which the
S an-ang, s.m. An epithet of
Hinds tie on the right arm on the festival of
Kmdeva, the Hind Cupid (lit. 'bodiless,'

208
because he was reduced to ashes by a glance of
iva's eye for having disturbed his devotions A anwr, s.m. pl. (of nr), Lights, rays of
and rendered him enamoured of Prvat): light; splendour.
anang-rt, s.m. 'The enemy of Anang or
Kmdeva'; an epithet of iva. S a-nivrit, adj. Unchecked,
unimpeded, unopposed.
H ann, s.f. Wet-nurse=ann, q.v.
S a-nivrya, adj. Not to be
H ann (from n), s.f. A one-anna warded off; irresistible.
piece=ik-ann.
H aws, adj.=ambs, q.v.
S anu-nay, adj. & s.m.
Conciliatory, kind;conciliation, kindness. H awsn = ambsn, q.v.

S an-anya, adj. No other, no one
else; one alone.
S an = anu, q.v.
S a, adj. & s.m. Atomic; atom,
&c.=au q.v.
H v, `o [S. ], s.m.
The glutinous, whitish matter or mucus voided
in cases of tenesmus; dysenteric stool or
discharge; dysentery;animal mucilage:v
baihn, v pan, v girn, v.n. To be
afflicted with tenesmus; to suffer from
dysentery:v-lah, s.m. Dysentery.
A anw`, s.m. pl. (of nau`), Sorts, kinds,
varieties;adj. Various, diverse:anw`o
aqsm, All sorts and kinds.
S anu-wk, s.m. Invocation; a
section in the collection of hymns forming part
of each of the Vedas.
H anws [S.
++], s.f. A measure (of land),
160,000 of which=one bgha (8.000 anws =
one bisw).
S anp, adj. Watery, wet, moist,
having water near the surface (land).

H aw, aw (prov.)=w or wa, H anp, adj. Incomparable,

q.v. &c.=anup and anupam, q.q.v.

H anu`, anw (i.e. an-hu`), H anp, s.f. A peerless woman.

s.m. False accusation, calumny: (peculiar to
women).
H anpn, s.m.=anu-pn, q.v.
H an`, anw, ano`, anw
H anpam, adj.=anupam, q.v.
[S. +, 'situated near the water'], s.m.
The place where the men stand who throw up
S anvit, part. Joined, connected
water with a sling-basket in irrigating; the sling-
basket or bucket used in irrigation (=daur, (with); endowed (with), possessed (of); fraught
bok). (with).

H unvak sagy, H anwa, = H anau,

s.f. (in Gram.), A diminutive noun. [S. +?], s.m. A ring, generally
furnished with little bells, worn by women on
S anu-vd, s.m. Reply, answer; the great toes (cf. angh).
repetition, tautology; interpretation, translation.
H anau, = H anwa,
S anu-vd, adj. Replying (to), [S. +?], s.m. A ring, generally
answering; opposing;s.m. Opponent; furnished with little bells, worn by women on
defendant. the great toes (cf. angh).

209
 S an-avasar, H. an-
H anh, anoh [S. ausar, adj. Busy, having no leisure;s.m. Want
++, rt. ], adj. (f. -), of leisure; inopportuneness, unseasonableness.
Uncommon, rare, unprecedented, extraordinary,
wonderful, &c.=anokh. q.v. S an-avak, adj. Having no
opportunity; without occasion, uncalled for.
H anar, s.m.=anu-ar, q.v.
H anokh, anaukh [S.
S an-ava-dhi, adj. Without limit, + ], adj. (f. -), Uncommon, rare,
unlimited, boundless, endless, interminable, not wonderful, extraordinary, unprecedented;
terminated. unique, singular, peculiar, novel, new, strange
(=anh); low, base, mean.
S an-avadhn, adj.
Inadvertent; inattentive, careless;s.m. H awal, = H wal, [S.
Inadvertency; inattention, carelessness, +], s.m. After-birth, secundines=amal,
indifference.
and ambal, q.q.v.:wal-nl, s.m. The navel
string of a new-born infant:wal-jhwal,
S an-avadhnat, s.f. s.m. Twins.
Inattention, &c.=an-avadhn, q.v.
H wal, = H awal, [S.
S an-avadya, adj. Blameless,
+], s.m. After-birth, secundines=amal,
faultless; not to be despised, honourable,
distinguished. and ambal, q.q.v.:wal-nl, s.m. The navel
string of a new-born infant:wal-jhwal,
s.m. Twins.
S an-ha, adj. Unmarried;s.m.
Unmarried man, bachelor.
H wal, s.m. A myrobalan (see
S an-h, s.f. Unmarried woman, next):wal-ga, s.m. A dried myrobalan,
or one fallen from the tree.
virgin, spinster.
H wl, `ol [S. ],
A anwar, adj. compar. & superl.
s.m. The tree Emblic myrobalan (Phyllanthus
(from nr), More, most, or very brilliant, very emblica), and its fruit; a myrobalan. (The tree is
splendid, resplendent. an object of worship as the Brahma vriksh.)

S an-avarat, adj. & adv. H `ol-sr [S.

Incessant; incessantly.
+], s.m. Purified sulphur:`olsr
S anu-vritti, s.f. Subsistence, gandak, s.m. Idem.
livelihood; course.
H anmn, s.m.=anu-mn, q.v.
S anu-varttan, s.m. Following;
attending (to); compliance; obedience. H a-non [S. ++], adj.
S an-avasth, s.f. The absence Without salt, saltless (=a-lon, q.v.).
of a fixed state, instability, unsteadiness,
wavering, vacillation; doubt, uncertainty; H anwah (S. anwaham), adv.
incontinence. Without interval, day after day, continually,
perpetually.
S an-avasthit, part. adj.=an-
avastha, q.v. S anvay, s.m. Connection; race,
lineage, natural order or connection of words in
S an-avastha, adj. Unstable, a sentence, syntax; drift, tenour, purport.
changeable; incontinent.

210
S anvesha, s.m. Inquiry,
investigation; search, quest, research.
S anvesh, adj. Investigating;
searching;s.m. Inquirer; investigator;
inquisitive person.
S anvay. adj. Connected;s.m.
Connection, relation; friend:anvay-bhv,
s.m. (In Gram.), A compound of which one
element is a particle or uninflected word.
H a, s.m. The sixteenth part of a
rupee=n, q.v.
H inh (=in), Oblique plur. of the pron.
yeh, 'this.'
H anu-harn [anuhar = Prk.
()=S. (), rt. + ], v.t. To
imitate; to resemble.
S an-ahakr, s.m. Absence of
pride, humility.
S an-ahakr, adj. Not
proud, humble;s.m. A humble person.
H anhwn (caus. of anhn,
q.v.), v.t. To bathe, cause to bathe, to wash.
H anhot, = H an-
hot, (an+hot, perf. part. of hon, q.v.), s.f.
Want, poverty, indigence.

H unh (=un), obl. pl. of the pron. H an-hot, = H

woh, 'that'; 'he.' anhot, (an+hot, perf. part. of hon, q.v.), s.f.
Want, poverty, indigence.
A anhr, s.f. plur. (of nahr), Streams, rivers,
rivulets, streamlets.
H an-hot, s.f.=an-hon, q.v.
S anu-hr, s.m. Imitation;
resemblance. H an-hon, = H
an-hon, adj. Not to be; not likely to be;
H unhr, s.m. & f., or impossible; unlikely, improbable;
unpromising, hopeless;an-hon, s.f. That
unhri, s.f. Manner, fashion, appearance;adj. which is not to be, or which is not likely to be;
Like, resembling, similar. impossibility; improbability.

H anhn (see next), s.m. Bathing. H an-hon, = H

an-hon, adj. Not to be; not likely to be;
H anhn (=nahn, q.v.), v.n. To impossible; unlikely, improbable;
bathe. unpromising, hopeless;an-hon, s.f. That
which is not to be, or which is not likely to be;
H an-hit (=S. a-hita), adj. Without impossibility; improbability.
affection, unkind; unfriendly, inimical;s.m.
Enemy;want of affection, coldness; enmity. H an-honhr, adj.=an-hon
and an-hon, q.v.
H unhattar [S. ], adj.
Sixty-nine. H , a [S. ; ], s.f.
Point (of a spear, arrow &c.), end, tip; face,
H an-hit, adj. & s.m.=an-hit, q.v. front; stem or prow (of a boat):an aln, A
thrust (in swordmanship):an-dr, adj. Sharp-
pointed.
A inhidm [inf. n. vii of ' to demolish'],
s.m. Being demolished, being thrown down;
demolition, destruction; extermination. H ann, s.f. See ann.

H anu-har, s.m.=anu-hr, q.v. H anays = an-ys, q.v.

H anharn, v.t. To carry off, H any`o, an-ny`o, s.m. Wrong,

filch, pilfer. &c.=a-nyy, q.v.

211
 H unns, uns [S.
S anyy, vulg. an-ny`e, s.m.
], adj. Nineteen:unns-bs, adv. As
Wrong, injustice, oppression, tyranny, outrage,
nineteen and twenty, but slightly different:
impropriety; complaint of injustice:anyy-se,
unns-bs-k, adj. Having the difference of
adv. Unjustly, wrongfully:a-nyy karn (-
nineteen and twenty, but slightly different,
par), To do wrong or injustice (to), to oppress.
nearly equal:unns-bs hon, To be but
slightly different, to be nearly alike, equal, &c.;
S anyy, and H. a-ny`, to have the chances (for or against) pretty
adj. Unjust, inequitable, oppressive, tyrannical, equally balanced;to chance, happen, betide,
lawless, wicked, vicious;s.m. An unjust befall.
person; a lawless person; a wrong-doer.
H unnsw, uns-w, adj.
S a-nti, and ant, = H Nineteenth.
a-nt, s.f. Injustice, wrong; outrage;
oppression; iniquity, wickedness, immorality; A ansn, anesn (Gr. ), s.m.
impropriety, unmannerliness, rudeness; Aniso seed, Pimpinella anisum.
disturbance, commotion:ant uhn, To
raise a disturbance, cause a commotion, H an-aise [S. +], adv.
perform lawless acts:anti karn (-ko), To do Easily, &c. (see an-ys).
injustice or wrong (to).
S an-, s.m. lit. 'Not God'; created
H a-nt, = S a-nti, existence.
and ant, s.f. Injustice, wrong; outrage;
oppression; iniquity, wickedness, immorality; H an-ya, s.m. Disrepute, &c. See
impropriety, unmannerliness, rudeness; anjas.
disturbance, commotion:ant uhn, To
raise a disturbance, cause a commotion, S ank, s.f. Face, front; edge, point;
perform lawless acts:anti karn (-ko), To do army, forces, host (see an).
injustice or wrong (to).
S an-ek, adj. Not one, many,
S anyatra (from anya), adv. In
manifold, several, diverse, various; much,
another place, elsewhere; except, but (with abl. abundant; (in Gram.) plural:anek-kr, adj.
e.g. ban-se anyatra kah, 'where but in the Multiform:anek-rp, adj. Multiform; of
wood`?). cf. anat, ant. various kinds or sorts, of variable mind,
fickle:anek-kl, adv. A long time:anek-
S anyath (from anya), adv. gotr, s.m. A person who is a member of
Otherwise, contrariwise; differently; several gotras or families:anek-vidh, adj. Of
inaccurately, untruly, falsely;adj. Contrary, various kinds, various.
opposite; wrong (e.g. anyath ara). S ankin, s.f. Army, a military
force consisting of one-tenth of an akshauhin,
H und [S. ++], adj. (f. - q.v. (cf. ank).
), Sleepless, awake; unclosed (eye); expanded
(as a flower). S an-aikya, s.m. Want of union,
discord, contention.
A anyar, adj. compar. and superl. (from ),
More, most, or very luminous; brightest; very
H anel = albel, q.v.
bright.

A ans (see uns), s.m. Companion, H anelpan, s.m. Simplicity,

familiar:ans-jals, Idem. &c.=albelpan, q.v.

H an-ais [S. +?], adj. S anu-yog, s.m. Censure, rebuke,

Useless, worthless, bad. reproof.

212
S anyonya (i.e. anyas+anya),
adj. Mutual, reciprocal. H w (perf. part. of `on = n, 'to
come'), s.m. Coming, approach:w-jw,
S anh, adj. Listless, apathetic; s.m.=w-jw, s.f.=w-j`, s.f. Coming and
going; intercourse, communication; visiting,
indifferent.
interchange of visits; access; dancing
attendance (upon).
S anya, adj. Other, another, different;
separate:anynya, anya anya, adv. H wt, awt [w+ti], s.f.
Separately; one by one:anya-bhshiy, adj.
Approach, coming; advance; coming of an
Pertaining to another language, foreign;s.m.
army; approach of a friend; season in which
Foreigner:anya-purush, s.m. (in Gram.) The
merchandise is expected (cf. aw`).
third person:anya-prv, s.f. A woman who
has been previously married:anya-jtya, adj.
Belonging to another caste:anya-janma, S a-vya, adj. Not to be spoken
anya-janam, s.m. Another birth; regeneration: of; vile, bad;silent, dumb.
anya-de, adj. Belonging to another country,
foreign;s.m. Foreigner:anya-gotra, adj. A awir, s.m. plur. (of ir), Ends,
Belonging to another race or family. latter parts, extremes; the last ten days of a
lunar month.
H neyr, s.m. The time allotted
for agricultural labour in the hot season (viz. P wdn, corr. from bdn, q.v.
sunrise till noon).
P wdn, s.f.=bdn, q.v.
S , The sixth vowel of the Devangar
H a-wdh, s.f.
alphabet:-kr, s.m. The letter or sound .
Unobstructedness.
H u = u, in Urd. (A common method of
writing among those who write Urd; e.g. H avr [S. +], s.f. Delay;adv.
=utarn:for words, therefore, Late, &c.=aver, q.v.
beginning with not to be found below, see
s.v. u.). P awr, = P wr, s.m. Injustice,
tyranny (=S. ).
S o, The thirteenth vowel of the
Devangar alphabet;intj. (generally applied P wr, = P awr, s.m. Injustice,
to inferiors), Ho! ho there! holla;:o-kr, s.m. tyranny (=S. ).
The letter or sound o.

P o, pron. He, she, it; that. P wr (cf. S. ), s.m. Account-book,

&c.=mr and avrija, q.q.v.; also=wra, q.v.
S au, The fourteenth vowel of the
Devangar alphabet:au-kr, s.m. The letter H uwr [S. +?], s.m.
or sound au. Ploughing up a standing crop.

H au, conj. And=aur, q.v. P awrija, awra, = P wrija,

S ava, A Sanskrit prefix denoting 'from,' disbursements.
'down from,' 'off,' 'away.' (It is the reverse of
, and is sometimes used to denote negation.
deprivation, disgrace, disjunction, &c.)
S iva, adv. & conj. Thus, like, in like
manner as; as, in some way, almost, scarcely.
H P w [S. ], s.m. Potter's
kiln; kiln; furnace.
awria, s.m. Account-book; day-book; note-
book, diary, journal; book of receipts and
P wrija, awria, = P awrija,
awra, s.m. Account-book; day-book; note-
book, diary, journal; book of receipts and
disbursements.
P wrag (abst. subst. from next, q.v.),
s.f. Wandering; vagrancy; profligacy.

213
P wra (see wr), adj. Separated from H aws [S. , rt. ], s.f.
one's family (=jud); without house and home;
Unripe corn (chiefly barley) cut from time to
wandering, roving; astray; abandoned, lost;
time and brought home to be eaten.
dissolute;s.m. Wanderer; vagabond;
profligate:wra phirn, To wander or rove
about; to wander astray; to go loafing about: H w-gaman, = H
wra karn (-ko), To drive out of house and w-gawan, [w, q.v.+S. , rt.
home; to make a vagabond of; to ruin:wra
hon, To be separated from one's family, &c. ], s.m. Coming and going; intercourse, &c.
(see wra). (=n-jn, w-j`, &c.); ingress and egress;
being born and dying; transmigration.
P wz, vulg. awz [Pehl. fj, Zend +va,
S. ], s.f. Sound, noise; voice, tone; whisper; H w-gawan, = H
echo; shout, call, cry; report, fame; sentence: w-gaman, [w, q.v.+S. , rt.
wz uhn, To raise the voice, to speak out; to
], s.m. Coming and going; intercourse, &c.
strain the voice; to spread a report:wz
karn, wz bahn, To raise the voice (=n-jn, w-j`, &c.); ingress and egress;
being born and dying; transmigration.
(=wz uhn):wz-baihn, wz pan, or
pa-jn, To become hoarse from cold, singing,
&c.; to lose the voice;wz-baih, adj. H awl [S. , rt. +], s.m.
Hoarse:wz-par kn dharn, or rakhn, or Enclosed space formed by a cluster of peasant's
lagn, To lend an attentive ear, to hear, houses; a string fastened round the wheel of a
listen:wz pan (kn-me), To happen to distaff.
hear, to catch a sound; to overhear; to be heard,
to be reported:wz-pe lagn (-k), To answer P awm, s.m. Debt, loan;colour (see
to, or to obey, a call:wz den (-ko), To call wm).
out (to), shout (to), to hail;v.n. To give forth
a sound; to answer a call:wz-k pall, H w, s.m. Kiln=w, q.v.
wz-k app, s.m. Range or reach of voice;
pitch of the voice; hearing-distance, ear-shot: A wn, s.f. plur. (of n, 'time'), Times,
wz-k laun, s.m. Reverberation; echo: seasons.
wz karn (-ko), To call (to)=wz den,
q.v.:wz karn (-k), To bring forth a sound S vhan (rt. vah, with ), s.m.
or report (from), cause to sound; to fire off (a
gun, &c.):wz lagn, To call or cry out Sending for, calling, summoning, inviting; call,
(one's wares); to beg; to raise the voice (in summons; invitation.
singing):wz-me wz miln, To sing in
harmony or concert (with):wz nikln, To H aw`, = H w`,
give out a sound; to bring forth or produce a (from w, 'coming,' q.v.), s.f. Approach,
sound; to speak. advance; proximity; arrival; report or news of
(one's) approach or arrival (=vt); report,
P wza, s.m. Noise; loud talk=wz; rumour, hearsay (=afwh);a saddle-cloth
report; rumour, fame:wza-tawza, s.m. adorned with fringes;a kind of pickaxe.
Taunts, jeers, inuendoes:wza phekn,
wza kasn, wza mrn (-par), To talk (of), H w`, = H aw`,
make insinuations (about); to speak in (from w, 'coming,' q.v.), s.f. Approach,
innuendoes; to jeer (at):wza karn = wz advance; proximity; arrival; report or news of
karn, q.v. (one's) approach or arrival (=vt); report,
rumour, hearsay (=afwh);a saddle-cloth
S ws, s.m. House, dwelling, adorned with fringes;a kind of pickaxe.
habitation.
A aw`il (plur. of avval), s.m. (f. ?),
A awasit, s.m. pl. (of ausat), Middles, Beginnings; beginning, first part, early portion
means, averages; the period of a lunar month or period; the first ten days of a lunar month
between the tenth and twentieth days. (the remaining decades are termed awsit and
awir, q.q.v.):aw`il-e `umr, aw`il-`umr,
s.f. Early youth, tender age, child hood;s.m.
A youth:aw`il-me, adv. In the beginning at
first.

214
 `obhagat, = H `obhagat,
A aubsh, pl. (of , per met. for ,
not in use), s.m. (orig.), A mixed company or [S. + ], s.f. Civil reception or
crowd of people (especially of the meanest salutation of a guest, courteous welcome,
sort), mob; canaille;a bad character, dissolute courtesy. (The word is said, by natives, to be
fellow, profligate, debauchee, rake, libertine; compounded of a`o, 'come,' and bhagat.)
adj. Dissolute, profligate, rakish, lecherous;
aubsh hon, To become depraved or dissolute H `obhakt, = H
by low company.
`obhakt, = H
A P aubshna, adj. Like a rake; rakish, `obhagat, = H `obhagat,
lissolute.
[S. + ], s.f. Civil reception or
A P aubsh, s.f. Depravity, profligacy, salutation of a guest, courteous welcome,
dissipation, dissoluteness, debauchery, courtesy. (The word is said, by natives, to be
rakishness, lewdness; fondness for attending compounded of a`o, 'come,' and bhagat.)
games and spectacles.
H `obhagat, = H
H auba, ba, = H `obhakt, = H
ba, [S. +], adj. Rough, rugged, `obhakt, = H `obhagat,
uneven, impassable, impracticable (a road);
[S. + ], s.f. Civil reception or
steep, inaccessible, &c. (=augha, q.v.):ba-
khba, adj. Rough, uneven, bumpy (a road). salutation of a guest, courteous welcome,
courtesy. (The word is said, by natives, to be
compounded of a`o, 'come,' and bhagat.)
H ba, = H auba,
ba, [S. +], adj. Rough, rugged, H `obhagat, = H
uneven, impassable, impracticable (a road); `obhakt, = H
steep, inaccessible, &c. (=augha, q.v.):ba-
khba, adj. Rough, uneven, bumpy (a road). `obhakt, = H `obhagat, [S.
H obr (see ubarn), adj. (f. -), + ], s.f. Civil reception or salutation of
Excessive, in excess;adv. Excessively, in an a guest, courteous welcome, courtesy. (The
excessive degree, too much. word is said, by natives, to be compounded of
a`o, 'come,' and bhagat.)
H obr, adj. (f. -), Tasteless,
insipid, &c.=ogr, q.v. H bhn (see bh), v.n. To be
oppressed with heat, to be faint or languid; to be
H bh [S. ], s.m. Heat, sultriness, angry or dissatisfied.
languor occasioned by heat (=ummas);
condolence, sympathy. H obh [S. +, rt. pat+],
s.f. A hole or pit for catching elephants, tigers,
S a-vibhjya, adj. (in law), &c.
Indivisible (as property, &c.).
H op [S. ?], s.f. Shine, lustre,
H `obh`o, s.m. Welcome polish, brightness; beauty, elegance (=b):op
den (-ko), To give lustre (to), to polish (=b
(=`o-bhagat, q.v.).
ahn).
H aubha, adj.=auba, q.v.
H op (from op), s.m. A man
armed with weapons or clothed with mail:
S a-vibhakta, part. adj. op-na, s.m. A guardhouse, or post of
Undivided, unseparated; joint; not sharing. armed men.

H `obhakt, = H H par [S. ], adv. & postpn.

`obhakt, = H (governing gen. -ke), Up, on high, aloft, atop,
above, over, on, upon, after, against, in addition

215
(to, ke):par-n, To come up, to rise; to
come or fall upon; to befall:par-par, adv.
Over, by; without effect, harmlessly; not
thoroughly, superficially, cursorily, hastily
(=par-h-par):par-par-se, adv. Skimming
the surface; superficially; with a light hand,
gently:par-par-k, adj. Superior, excellent,
best:par-tale, adv. Upon, upon or after
another, in succession:par-tale-ke bae,
s.m. Two children in succession:par-se, adv.
From above, over, outside, externally,
superficially; in addition, besides, to boot:
par-k, adj. (f. -), Outer, external, superficial,
&c. (=par, q.v.); higher, upper; superior, best;
preceding, foregoing:par-k dam bharn, To
make a show of affection, to feign regard; to
breathe one's last:par-k km, s.m.
Miscellaneous duties, odd jobs or services:
par-k mad, s.f. Emoluments, perquisites,
presents (and such-like illegal sources of
income):par-ko, adv. Upwards:par len
(apn), To take upon (oneself), to undertake,
engage, become responsible for:par-wl,
s.m. The Being above, The Supreme Being; the
sky above; canopy of clouds; the moon
above;par-wle, s.m. pl. Superiors, betters;
those in high position; the lodgers or dwellers
in the upper story (of a house); those who have
gone before, predecessors, forefathers; upper
servants; personal attendants; ministers,
stewards; outsiders, strangers:par-wliy,
s.f. pl. (In the language of women), the spirits
above, fairies, evil spirits; the fowls of the air,
kites and crows:par-h-par, adv. On the
surface; superficially, externally (=par-par);
apart, alone; secretly, quietly, stealthily.
H uparl, adj. & s.m. See world (a deity).
uparl.
H par, pr, [S. +], adj.
Upper, outer, external, superficial, hasty,
cursory, not thorough, not sound or strong, &c.;
unreal, specious, feigned; ostensible, apparent;
belonging to another or to without, unfamiliar,
strange, foreign;s.m. Outsider, stranger,
foreigner; exotic; that which is over and above,
overplus, surplus; fees, perquisites (cf. par-k
mad).
H pam, s.f. Simile, H tar-ptar (ut-tara+patra?),
&c.=upam, q.v.
H opn, s.m. Polishing; polish,
lustre, &c.=p, q.v.
H a`t, t [S. +], s.m. (especially as an incarnation of the deity=autr
Defunct person (=pret); spirit of a deceased
person; one who dies without leaving issue; an
unmarried man; stupid fellow, dolt, blockhead,
fool (=mrkh).
H ot [S. , + +; or
+, rt. ], s.f. Anything to be gained,
advantage, gain, profit; overplus, surplus,
saving; abatement, economy; recovery (from
sickness), convalescence:ot pan, Profit or
benefit to accrue, to be gained:ot-kasar s.f.
Advantage and disadvantage, profit and loss.
H ot, t, adj. So much; so
many=utt, utn, q.q.v.
A autd, s.m. pl. (of watad), Pegs, pins;
props; chiefs, nobles; certain four saints
(regarded as the props of the faith).
S avatr, and H. autr (rt.
with ), s.m. Descent (especially of a deity
from heaven), appearance of any deity upon
earth; incarnation (more particularly of Vishu
in ten principal forms, viz. 1 Matsya, 'the fish';
2 Kahapa, 'the tortoise'; 3 Varha, 'the boar';
4 Nri-singha, 'the man-lion'; 5 Vmana, 'the
dwarf'; 6 Parau-rma; 7 Rma; 8 Balarma,
or Krishna; 9 Buddh; 10 Kalk);any new
and unexpected appearance or phenomenon;
any pious or distinguished person (in the
language of respect or flattery); a wicked,
depraved or quarrelsome person (ironically);
crossing (=utr); translation; a trth or sacred
place of Hind pilgrimage:autr dhrn, autr
len, v.n. To become incarnate, to appear in the
H avatrn = avatarn, q.v.
H t-pang, adj. &
s.m.=-pang, q.v.
S ot-pot, adj. & adv.
Having cross-threads or cross-lines; crosswise
and lengthwise; vertical and horizontal;
vertically and horizontally,
adj. Disposed of, cleared, discharged, settled,
paid off, balanced (as accounts).
H avatarn, autarn [S.
+], rt. ], v.n. To descend
len); to cross, &c.=utarn, q.v.
216
H autsuk, = S H o [S. ++], s.m. One who
autsukya, s.m. Anxiety, disquietude, picks or separates the seed from cotton (see
perturbation, uneasiness, regret; ardent desire, on).
longing, eagerness, impatience.
H aun (caus. of aun or
S autsukya, = H aun, q.v.), v.t. To cause to boil; to boil, boil
autsuk, s.m. Anxiety, disquietude, down; to heat.
perturbation, uneasiness, regret; ardent desire,
longing, eagerness, impatience. H au`on, s.f. An earthen
vessel in which milk is boiled.
H otik, tik (local)=utn or
utt, q.q.v. H -patng (cf. a-pang),
adj. Poor, helpless, miserable; useless,
H autkarsh, = S worthless; confused, in disorder; senseless,
nonsensical, absurd, ridiculous; crabbed, hard to
autkarshya, s.m. Excellence, deal with, difficult to manage;s.m. Anything
superiority. without meaning or without foundation,
nonsense, absurdity.
S autkarshya, = H
autkarsh, s.m. Excellence, superiority. H -patng, s.m. One who
speaks inconsiderately or without preparation; a
wretched creature; a senseless fellow.
S avatas, s.m. Crest; ear-ring;
ornament, gem; wealth; halter, rein.
H -paang, adj. & s.m.=-
H wat, s.f.=awt, q.v. pang, q.v.

H t-paang, s.m.=t-pang,
S ava-tra, part. Descended;
q.v.
crossed, passed over; translated.
H oal [S. ; cf. o], s.f. Cover,
H o [S. , , or ; see also
screen, &c.=o:oal ho-jn, To be hidden; to
H. oal = S. ], s.f. Covering, cover, veil; be lost to sight, to disappear, be missing or lost.
partition, screen, protection, shade, shelter;
concealment, hiding-place, ambush:o-karn, H oan, s.m. Picking (cotton-seeds),
v.t. To conceal, screen, &c.:o-hon, To be &c. See on.
concealed, &c.
H auan (see aun), s.m. Boiling;
H o [S. , ], s.f. A scotch, a
evaporation by boiling;a knife used for
lump of mud, or a stone or piece of wood, &c. cutting tobacco.
placed under the wheel of a cart or carriage to
keep it from rolling; obstruction, preventive
H ona (see o), v.t. To cover,
(see next):o-band, s.f. Payment of a fixed
amount for the use of a plough and pair of shelter, screen, defend, &c.=o karn; to catch
bullocks:o-lagn, To apply a scotch (to a (a ball, &c.), to intercept; to parry, guard; to
wheel). spread out a cloth to receive grain, &c.; to take
upon (oneself), be responsible for.
H o [S. +], s.m. A partition-
H on [S. +], v.t. To pick
wall or screen; side-wall; small wall over
against the entrance to a house. or separate the seed from cotton, to thrumb.

H o [S. +, or ], s.m. The H aun [au = Prk. ()=S.

ball at one end of a spindle; a heap or ball (of (), rt. +], v.t. To boil; to
mud, &c.); a heap of mud placed on the cotton evaporate over a fire;v.n. To boil; to be hot;
machine to steady it; a platform of mud.

217
to be consumed with rage or vexation. (See H ojha, aujha [S. ?],
aun.) s.f. Knock, blow, push, shove, thrust; kick (of a
fighting cock):aujha mrn, To knock,
H on (see on, 'to pick'), s.f. An strike against, &c. (=jhok mrn, dhakk
instrument for separating the seeds from cotton. mrn).

H oh, s.m. Lip=oh, q.v. H ojh, s.f. Dim. of ojh, q.v.: cf.
also t and at.
H oj, s.m. Light, &c.=ojas, q.v.
H ojhal [S. ; cf. also oal,
A auj (P. , S. , arabicized), s.m. o], adj. Invisible, out of sight, screened,
Highest point, top, summit, vertex; zenith; hidden, concealed; private;s.f. That which
height, altitude, ascendancy; highest apsis of a renders invisible (as a) screen, partition, curtain,
planet; highest position, rank, or dignity; wall (or the like); shelter, concealment; privacy,
preferment, promotion; prosperity:auj-e- retirement;postpn. Under the shelter (of, -k),
from behind, behind:ojhal karn, v.t. To
falak, s.m. The zenith:auj-ko pahun, To
make invisible, to put out of sight, to hide,
attain to the summit of good fortune, &c.; to be
cause to disappear, make away with:ojhal
very prosperous; to obtain the highest position,
or dignity. hon or ho-jn (nazar-se), To become
invisible, to be hidden (from view), to
disappear, conceal oneself, hide; to vanish,
H jar, adj. Laid waste, depopulated, abscond.
demolished, ruined, in ruin, waste, desolate,
&c.=uj, q.v.:ja khe, s.m. Depopulated H ojhn, v.t.=ojn and ujhaln,
place, deserted village.
q.q.v.
S ojas, s.m. Light, splendour,
S a-vir, s.m. Want of
lustre; gold; manifestation; strength; vitality,
consideration or judgment; injustice. (See a-
vital warmth (especially in the ftus).
bir.)
H ojal, s.f.=ojhal, q.v.
S a-virit, part.
Unconsidered, ill-judged, ill-advised, not
H ojn, v.t. To pour out=ujhaln, investigated, undiscussed.
q.v.
S a-vir, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
H ojh [S. ?], s.m. Entrails, guts, Destitute of consideration, wanting in
stomach, paunch. judgment, irreflective; unjust;an irreflective
person; an ill-advised person.
H ojh [S. ], s.m. Diviner,
soothsayer, sorcerer, wizard, enchanter, S auitya (from uit, q.v.), s.m.
conjurer, exorcist, magician;one who Fitness, suitableness, aptness, propriety,
pretends to cast out evil spirits, to cure snake- rightness.
bites, &c., by means of charms and
incantations. H aua, = H auak,
adv. Unexpectedly, suddenly, unawares
H ojh`in [S. ], s.f. (=anak and anak, q.q.v.).
The wife of an ojh or sorcerer; sorceress,
witch, &c. H auak, = H aua,
adv. Unexpectedly, suddenly, unawares
H ojh`, s.f. Divination, sorcery, (=anak and anak, q.q.v.).
&c.; the profession of an ojh.
S a-vial, adj. Motionless;
H jha, adj.=ja, q.v. unmoved, unshaken, firm, resolute.

218
H auh [S. ], s.m. The plant H audt [S. ], adj. & s.m.
Morinda tinctoria (or M. citrifolia), from the White; grey;white or grey colour (cf. d).
root of which an orange colour is extracted
(=). S audrya, s.m. Generosity,
liberality, munificence.
H oh [S. ], adj. (f. -),
Empty, void, vain light, shallow; small, little, S audsya, s.m. Loneliness,
scanty, trifling; frivo lous, nonsensical, absurd,
solitude.
ridiculous, silly; low, mean, base, contemptible,
insignificant, bad, poor, miserable, worthless;
abandoned, disgraceful, degrading:oh H audn [S. +, rt. ], s.m.
karn, v.n. To do something degrading, to That which is thrown in or given over and
disgrace ooneself, &c.:oh hon, v.n. To be above what is purchased, to boot, gratis.
shallow, light, &c.; to be wanting; to want.
H udhat, s.f.= udhat, q.v.
H ohpan, s.m. Emptiness,
lightness, shallowness; levity, frivolity, H d-bil`o, s.m. See s.v. d.
absurdity, nonsense; capriciousness;
insignificance, worthlessness; lowness,
baseness. S a-vidit, adj. Not known, not
understood.
H hln, uhln, s.f. The
H audas, auds [S. or
multiplication table (=pah).
+], s.f. Ill, evil, misfortune, calamity.
H oh`, s.f.=ohpan, q.v.
S odan, s.m. Boiled rice; grain
S avahad, s.m. Cover, mashed and cooked with milk; food.
covering.
S odan, s.f. The plant Sida
H hal (see uhaln), s.f. cordifolia.
Difference; discrepancy; incongruity.
S awadhi, H. awadh, s.t.
S avahed, s.m. Boundary, Extent, limit; time, period; condition,
limit; distinction. agreement, terms;adv. As far as; as long as.

S a-vihn, adj. Without H awadh [S. ], prop. n. The

interval, close, dense, coarse, uninterrupted. province of Oude.

H d [S. ], s.m. An otter; a disputed H avdhi, s.m. The ocean=abdhi, q.v.

point (this sense originates from a story of
otters disputing over a distribution of their
prey);a stupid fellow, dolt, blockhead, fool,
simpleton (cf. t);adj. Voracious (as an otter),
ready to devour; ready, eager:ud-bil`o,
s.m.=d.
S ava-dhran, s.m.
Ascertainment; affirmation, emphasis; stating
or holding positively; accurate determination;
limitation, restriction (as to sense, instances,
&c.).

H d [S. ], adj. Grey; brown; S avadhn, adj. Attentive,

purple;s.m. Grey, brown, or purple colour careful, cautious;s.m. Attention, care,
(see audt). caution, vigilance; staring at.

H od [S. +], adj. Wet, moist, H audh, adj.=audh, q.v.

damp.
? dham [S. +, rt. ], s.m.
Noise, uproar (=dhm), disturbance,
commotion, ado, tumult, rebellion; quarrel,

219
brawl:dham uhn, dham karn, dham H avahar, s.m. Compassion
man, v.n. To make a great noise, raise a towards the lowly.
commotion, make an ado, &c.
H avaern, v.t. To forsake
H dham, hm, adj. Noisy,
(=tyg karn).
riotous, turbulent; quarrelsome;s.m. A noisy
person, &c.
H avara, adj. Low, inferior, hinder;
S ava-dht, s.m. A kind of s.m. Low person; a dra.
religious mendicant (see abdht).
H or [S. , or ?], s.m.f. (generally
H odhe [S. ?], adj. f. in the sing. and masc. in the plur.), Origin;
part, side, direction, quarter; end, extremity,
Possessing a right or title; s.m. Proprietor; one
limit, boundary (syn. taraf); extreme, outside,
possessing power and authority; supreme ruler.
utmost, highest point or pitch (of, -ke,in this
sense the word is generally masc. plur.); drift,
S a-vadhya, adj. Not to be killed, tendency (as of speech);postpn. In the
inviolable; not fit to be killed. direction (of), towards:or karn (-k), To take
the part or side (of); to be partial (to):or
H `od, s.m. Name of a tribe of nibhn (apn), To perform (one's) part, to do
(one's) utmost; to be constant to, to carry out to
Js.
the end; to protect throughout:or na hor,
Neither beginning nor end; something
H d, adj. f. of d, q.v.;s.f. A light endless:us-or, On that side, that way,
shade of blue or grey, or of purple. thitherward:ro or, On all sides (of, -
ke):mer or-se, From my side, from me, in
H day, dai = uday, q.v. my behalf (=mer taraf-se).

S a-vidy, s.f. Ignorance, H aur [S. ], conj. adv. & pron. adj.
stupidity:avidy-vn, adj. Unlearned, And, also, for the rest, besides, again,
illiterate, ignorant;s.m. An illiterate person. moreover; but, yet, still; over, else; and lo!;
another, other, different; more, additional:
aur-aur, Others, others besides; other kinds
H ava-d [S. ], s.m. Name
of:aur-ek, adj. Another:aur-bh, And
of a tribe of Gjart Brhmans. again, and more, still more, also, moreover:
aur to aur, Others apart, others being put
H des [S. + ], s.m. Pointing aside:aur to ky, What more indeed or
to or at, direction; track; search, quest:des forsooth:aur-sab, All other, all the others, the
karn, v.t. To search for. rest:aur suno, One word more;only hear!
just listen!:aur-k, adj. Belonging to
another:aur-co`, Anyone else, any other,
H audes, = H audes,
another, different (=ko` aur):aur kuh,
s.m. Foreign country, strange land=pardes and Anything else, some other, some or something
udes, q.q.v. more; something different (=kuh aur):aur
kah, Somewhere else, elsewhere:aur ky,
H audes, = H audes, What else? what more? what next?certainly,
s.m. Foreign country, strange land=pardes and assuredly, of course:aur nah to, And if not
udes, q.q.v. then; and otherwise:aur-h, Quite different,
quite changed:aur yeh ki, And this that;
H audes, s.m. Foreigner, moreover, besides that.
stranger=pardes (the more com. term).
P war, part. act. (rt. of wardan; +war =
Zend bar = S. ] , Bringing, bearing;
H oh [S. +], s.m. A double
possessing, endowed with (used as last member
armful (kaul) of corn from each heap, carried
of compounds, e.g. zor-war, adj. Having
away as a perquisite by the village scribe.
strength, strong, powerful).

220
A aurd, s.m. pl. (of wird), Daily
rehearsals (of the Qor`n), commemorations,
devotional exercises.
A aurq, s.m. pl. (of waraq), Leaves (of a
tree, &c.); pages.
S virbh`o, Unfolding, face raised, with upturned face:rdh-vastra,
developing; development, manifestation;
presence, a becoming visible.
S
virbht, part. Unfolded,
developed, manifested; apparent.
S wart, vulg. awart, s.m. Turning;
turn; curl; whirlpool, eddy.
S vrit, part. Enclosed, surrounded;
covered (see next).
S vritti, vulg. vrit, s.f. Order, lengthwise and breadthwise;adj. Level, even
method; returning, repetition; resolution.
rdh-ret, s.m. A kind of ascetic or rishi who
lives in perpetual chastity:rdh-ss, s.m.
Expiration, gasp, deep sigh, hard breathing (as
in asthma):rdh-gaman, s.m. Going upwards,
ascending; ascent; stiff walk or gait, walking
proudly;rdh-gaman karn, To ascend,
mount up, &c.:rdh-mukh, adj. Having the
s.m. Outer garment; overcoat.
H aurdh-dehik (S.
aurdhva+dehika), s.m. Any rite performed in
honour of the dead; obsequies; funeral
solemnities.
S auras, adj. & s.m.f. Legitimate,
legitimately born;a legitimate child (i.e. by a
wife of the same tribe).
H auras-auras (prob.
auras redupl.), adv. All round, about, around;
(=auras, q.v.).

P warja, s.m.=wrija, q.v. S a-vargya, adj. (in Gram.), Not

classified.
P ward, vulg. wurd (=warda, q.v.), adj.
Not natural, artificial, false; affected; assumed
(opp. to mad, 'that which comes natural'). S a-viral, adj. Uninterrupted; close,
dense; coarse.
H ward, s.f. Period of life,
&c.=yurd, q.v. H orm [S. +], s.m. Felling;
hemming; side-seam, seam hem, join:orm
P warda, vulg. wurda (perf. part. of karn, v.t. To fell; to hem; to sew a seam;to
wardan; see war), s.m. That which is brought seam (the body) by beating, to beat severely or
or carried over:one who is taken into favour, to a mummy (=utt kar-den).
a protge:warda-navs, s.m. Registrar or
writer of accounts as delivered. S vara, s.m. Covering; a
covering, shield, protection; obstruction, lock.
S avaruddha, part. Hindered,
restrained, stopped, obstructed, kept in order, P aurang, s.m. A throne;places where
controlled; besieged, imprisoned, shut up, goods are manufactured for sale (=S.
confined, secluded. avaranga):aurang-zeb, lit. 'Ornament of the
throne'; name of an emperor of Hindstn (who
S aviruddha, part. adj. died in 1707):aurang-zeb, s.f. A kind of
Unobstructed, unimpeded; allowed, permitted; cloth;a kind of eruption (said to have broken
compatible; not discordant, harmonious. out in the reign of Aurangzeb):aurang-shh,
s.f. A kind of silk.
H rddh, rdh [S. ], adj.
S aurvnal, s.m. Submarine
Raised, erected, erect, upright; above, high,
superior, upper:rdh-bh, adj. Having the fire.
arms raised;s.m. A devotee who holds one or
both arms above his head constantly till they are S avarodh, s.m. Stoppage,
fixed in that position:rdh-pun (S. rdhwa- obstruction, hindrance, resistance, restraint,
pura), s.m. A perpendicular line made with confinement;the seraglio of a palace, the
sandal on the forehead by Vaishnavas or queen's apartment:avarodh hona, To be
Brhmans who are worshippers of Vishu: confined, &c.

221
 gale-me aln (-ke), To throw (her) mantle on
S a-varodh, s.m. Absence of the neck (of), to seek justice against (in doing
impediment, non-opposition, assent, which, an insulted woman, in former times,
concurrence; absence of contention, tranquillity, used to throw her mantle round the neck of the
quiet. man who insulted her, and dragged him to the
king for justice).
S a-virodh, adj. & s.m. (f. -
H ohn s.f. (dim. of ohn, q.v.),
in), Not contentious or combative, peaceable,
tranquil, quiet:a peaceable person. A woman's sheet or mantle:ohn badaln,
To exchange mantles (as a token of friendship),
to pledge eternal friendship:ohn-k bats,
H orahn (see ulhn and
s.f. lit. 'The breeze from a woman's mantle';
ulahn), s.m. Cavilling, &c.:orahn den, To petticoat influence.
cavil, &c.
H o, a`o, s.f. (dim. of o, q.v.), A
H or [, see or], adj. Partial;
large basket fixed on the horizontal beam of a
s.m. Protector; partisan, adherent;s.f. Eaves sugar-mill, from which the mill is fed.
of a house; bank of a pond or rivulet to the
water's edge (also written `or). A auzr (pl. of ), s.m. sing. & plur.
Tool, instrument; arms, tools, instruments,
P H , , aureb [S. + , rt. apparatus, &c.=lt, q.v.
], adj. Crooked, deformed, badly-formed,
A auzn, s.m. pl. (of wazn), Weights,
ugly; inverted, transposed;s.m. Crookedness, measures, metres.
deceit (=fareb):aureb-dr, adj. Crooked;
transverse, &c.; deceitful.
H os [S. ]. s.f. Dew (syn.
H aur-baur, adj. Mad, shabnam):os pan or pa-jn (-par), lit.
'Dew to fall (upon)'; to be blighted, to lose
crazy, &c.=b`ol, q.v. bloom, lustre or splendour, to be dimmed, to
H , s.m. Lack, scarcity, want=to, languish, droop, fade; to be less in demand, to
q.v. fall in value:os-ke mot, s.m. Dew-drops;
adj. & adv. Dew-drop-like.
H o [S. ?+], s.m. Basket;
pannier. H avasi = avaya, q.v.

H oan [S. ], s.m. Shield, H `s [S. +; cf. H. p`s],

target:oan-khn, Shield and sword.
H on, v.t. To cover (oneself) with
a shield, to ward off a blow; (also,
incorrectly)=ohn, q.v.
s.m. Rice sown in April-May and growing
luxuriantly during the rainy season.
H osr (cf. usr and pasrn), adj.
Wide;s.m. Width; girth.

H on, s.f.=ohn, q.v. H osr, s.m. Porch, &c.=usr,

q.v.
H ohn [oh = Prk. (), fr.
H ausn [S. +; but cf.
S. ], v.t. To cover with, to put on, wear;
next], s.m. Calmness, coolness, self-possession,
s.m. (S. +), Covering, sheet, coverlet, presence of mind, courage; sense, senses;
quilt; a woman's sheet or mantle (covering the sensation:ausn u-jn, ausn jte-rahn,
head and the upper half of the body):ohn To lose (one's) presence of mind, to lose (one's)
utrn (-k), To remove the covering or veil senses, to be stupefied, to stand aghast:
(of); to expose, defame:ohn uhn, v.t. To ausn-se, adv. Calmly; sensibly.
cover (one) with a sheet or mantle; to marry
(since, among villagers, in marrying a widow a S avasn (rt. with ), s.m.
sheet or mantle is thrown over her):ohn- End, conclusion, completion; boundary, limit;
bihaun, s.m. Covering and bedding:orhn death, destruction.

222
 lagn, s.f. Average rent-rate:ausat nikln (-
H os-barg, s.m. Name of a k), To strike an average.
medicine.
A P ausat, adj. Midmost, middling,
moderate; pertaining to the average.
S a-vastu, adj. Unreal,
unsubstantial, vain, trifling; unessential, not S a-visan, adj. Without
belonging to the true nature of a thing;s.m. A
worthless thing, nothing, &c. application; without desire, indifferent;s.m.
An indifferent person, &c.
S a-vastut, s.f. Unreality,
H ausn [aus = Prk. () or
insubstantiality; non-essentialness.
()=S. (), rt. + ], v.n. To
S ava-sth, s.f. State, condition, become musty; sticky, &c.=ubasn, q.v.
circumstances (=l); age; life; story, narrative
(of a life). H osann [S. , or +?],
v.t. To knead dough, &c. (=gdhn).
H ausu [S. +; cf. so], adj.
Without consideration, thoughtless, heedless, H auser, = H auser,
unconcerned. s.f. Care, solicitude, anxiety. (Also written
.)
H sar [S. ], adj. Barren
(land);s.m. A barren spot, saline soil H auser, = H auser,
(=ussar):sar-all, usar-sd, s.m. A
s.f. Care, solicitude, anxiety. (Also written
species of lizard found in sandy soil (see
s). .)

H osar [S. +, rt. ;or ], H oss ss, s.m. Head

s.f. A young cow or buffalo, a heifer. of a bed, &c.=uss, q.v.

S ava-sar, H. ausar (rt. H ava-sesh, s.m. Residue,

with ), s.m. Occasion, fit moment, time or &c.=avaesh, q.v.
season (of), favourable opportunity; vacation,
leisure:ausar vn, To find occasion, get an H osh, s.f. Dew=os, q.v.
opportunity; to have or find leisure:ausar
dekhn, To watch for an opportunity, to observe H ava, adv. Certainly, &c.=avaya,
the time or season (of); to bide (one's) time. q.v.

H osr, s.m. = H osr, S a-va, adj. Unsubmissive to

s.f. Time, season; turn (=br), vicissitude: another's will, not under control, unsubdued,
osr-osr, Time after time; turn about. unrestrained, disobedient;not having one's
own free will, subject to another, without
H osr, s.f. = H osr, choice, helpless, powerless.
s.m. Time, season; turn (=br), vicissitude:
osr-osr, Time after time; turn about. S a-vish, adj. Not poisonous; anti-
venomous.
H ava-sish, part.=ava-ish.
S vish, adj. Possessed (as by an
A ausat (rt. ), adj. Middle, middling, evil spirit); engrossed (as by a sentiment or
intervening, intermediate; average;s.m. (f.?), feeling).
Middle, medium, mean, average interval;
mediocrity:ausat-r, s.f. Average
S oshh, s.m. Lip (especially the
attendance:ausat darje-k, adj. Middling,
mediocre, tolerable, passable:ausat shara upper; see ho):oshh-rog, s.m. Morbid
affection of the lips.

223
S oshh, s.f. A creeper bearing a S a-vishay, s.m. The not being an
red flower, to which the lip is compared object of sense; invisibility;adj.
(Coccinia grandis). Unacquainted with objects of sense.

S oshhya, adj. (in Gram.) S ava-esh, s.m. Residue,

Labial;s.m. The labials, , , , , , , , remainder, surplus; end, close, termination,
appendix, supplement (syn. tatimma).
.
S a-viesh, adv. Without any
S aushadh, s.f. Medicine, difference, uniform, alike, like, resembling,
medicament, drug, any herb, mineral, &c. used undistinguishable, indiscriminate;s.m. Want
in medicine:aushadh-lay, s.m. Dispensary, of distinction, &c.
drug-shop. S a-vi-eshit, part. adj. Not
distinguished, not discerned.
H oshadhi, oshadh,
aushadhi, aushadh [S. ], S avayak, = S
s.f. Herb, plant, medicinal plant; an annual plant vayak, s.m. Anything necessary, necessity,
or deciduous herb:aushadhi-pati, s.m. 'Lord expediency;adj. Necessary, indispensable,
of plants,' an epithet of the Soma, or of the inevitable, actual.
moon.
S vayak, = S
S aushadhya, adj. avayak, s.m. Anything necessary, necessity,
Medicinal;s.m. Ingredient of a medicine; expediency;adj. Necessary, indispensable,
materia medica. inevitable, actual.

S shar, adj. Barren, &c.=sar, q.v. S vayakat, vulg.

vayakt, avanyakt, s.f. Necessity, need,
S ava-ish, part. Left, indispensableness, inevitability.
remaining.
S a-vaya, adj. Necessary,
S sha, s.m. Black pepper. &c.=avayak;adv. Certainly, assuredly, of
course, to be sure, it is true, inevitably,
indispensably:avaya-kar, or kar-ke,
S a-viws, adj. Mistrusted, adv.=avaya.
distrusted;s.m. Mistrust, distrust, suspicion,
unbelief. A auf, s.m. pl. (of waf), Praises,
commendations; endowments, gifts, properties,
H a-viwspan [S. qualities, attributes; descriptions, account:
+ +], s.m. = S a- auf-e-amda, s.m. Noble properties or
attributes, praiseworthy qualifications, &c.
viwsat, s.f. Distrustfulness, suspiciousness,
distrust, &c.=a-viws. A auiy, s.m. pl. (of wa), Executors,
administrators of the divine will, or of the will
S a-viwsat, s.f. = H of mortals, legatees; preceptors, guardians.
a-viwspan[S.
A au`, s.f. pl. (of q.v.), Behaviour,
+ +], s.m. Distrustfulness, manners, deportment, address, breeding,
suspiciousness, distrust, &c.=a-viws. politeness; gestures, postures:au`-atwr =
au`.
S a-viws, adj. & s.m. (f.
in), Wanting in trust, confidence, belief, &c., H ogr, s.m.=ogr, q.v.
mistrustful, unfaithful, unbelieving;a
distrustful person; unbeliever, infidel. A auqt, s.f. (pl. of waqt), Times, hours;
circumstances, state, condition; means,
resources, power, ability:auqt basar karn
(-se), To pass (one's) days (in), to subsist (upon,

224
or by means of), to earn a livelihood, to live: S ava-kalit, part. Ascertained,
auqt-ba-sar, s.f. Passing (one's) time,
concluded, certain.
occupation, employment, livelihood, means of
living:auqt-basar karn, auqt-basar
kn = auqt basar karn, q.v. H aukal [S. +], adj.
Restless, uneasy (=be-kal):aukal-be-kal,
A qyat, s.f. An ounce (weight); an ounce Idem.
of silver, a silver coin weighing one ounce
(value between six and seven shillings). H aukal, s.f. Restlessness,
uneasiness (=be-kal).
H wak [S. ?], s.m.
Insurance (syn. bm). H kn (see k), v.n. To fall short,
fail (of, a duty, &c.), to miss, slip, blunder
H k, s.f. Omission, slip, mistake, (=kn, q.v.):ke-ke, adv. By mistake,
&c.=k, q.v. inadvertently, unwittingly; now and then, once
in a way.
H ok [S. ? or ], s.m. Draught
of water, &c. from the hollow of the hand; the H kn or okn [k or ok =
palm hollowed to drink from (syn. ull). Prk. () or ()=S. + ], v.n. To
vomit (i.q. ubakn, q.v.).
H ok [S. +], s.f. Sickness of the
stomach, vomiting; vomit (see ubk`). H kh [S. ], s.f. (in H. also m.),
Sugar-cane, Saccharum officinarum (in N.W.
S ok, s.m. House, dwelling; asylum, India generally called kh):kn-rj, kh-bhoj,
refuge. s.m. The day on which the planting of the
sugar-cane begins (it is generally attended with
S a-vikr, adj. Without change, some festive ceremonies):kh-ras, s.m.
Sugar-cane juice.
not liable to change.
H okh (opp. to okh), adj. (f. .),
S a-vikr, adj. Unchangeable,
Inferior, bad; disagreeable, nasty,
constant, faithful, true;s.m. One who does not
change, a constant person.
H khr, ukhr, = H
S ava-k, s.m. Leisure, kh, ukhr, [S. +], s.f. A
opportunity (=ausar); interval, space, room, field of sugar-cane.
way, scope.
H kh, ukhr, = H
H aukl, = H aukl, khr, ukhr, [S. +], s.f. A
[S. ++], adj. Untimely, unseasonable field of sugar-cane.
(=a-samay); born before its time (a child), base-
born (child). H aukhad, s.f.=aushadhi, q.v.

H aukl, = H aukl, H khar [S. +], s.f. A pot or

[S. ++], adj. Untimely, unseasonable vessel for husking grain;a small
(=a-samay); born before its time (a child), base- mortar=okhl, q.v.
born (child).
H okhar, vulg. a`okhar, aukhar [S.
H `okn, aukn, s.m. + ], s.m. Instruments, implements,
Heap of straw and grain. tools, apparatus (=auzr).

S a-vi-kal, adj. Unimpaired, H `okhal, s.m.? Land reclaimed

perfect, entire; regular, orderly, consistent. from waste.

225
H khal, khli, = H evil, vice; harm, mischief; contempt, disregard
(=S. avagan); a corrupt or vicious person
okhl, khl, s.f. A mortar to (=augun):augun lagn (-ko), To impute a
pound grain in=ukhli, q.v. fault, vice, &c. (to), to slander, defame.

H okhl, khl, = H H augun (=S. +), adj.

khal, khli, s.f. A mortar to Without virtue or science, ignorant, worthless,
pound grain in=ukhli, q.v. vicious, depraved, corrupt;s.m. A vicious or
corrupt person.
S ava-kesh, adj. (f. in),
S ogh, s.m. Stream, torrent; current,
Unfruitful, barren.
flow; multitude, aggregate, collection, heap.
H og [S. ], s.m. Stream, flow,
H augha [S. +], adj.
stream of perspiration.
Rough, uneven, impassable, impracticable (as a
road), difficult of access, steep, inaccessible;
H augh [S. , or +], adj.
unfrequented (cf. auba and ba).
Deep, unfathomable.
H oghr, s.m. A kind of gruel,
S ava-gh, = S ava-
&c.=ogr, q.v.
ghan, s.m. Bathing, ablution, dip, dive,
plunge.
H oghr [S. +], adj.
Wanting gh or clarified butter, insipid,
S ava-ghan, = S
tasteless, unpalatable.
ava-gh, s.m. Bathing, ablution, dip, dive,
plunge.
H augha [S. +], adj. Ill-
formed, awkward, ungainly, uncouth, &c.
H og-duws, og-
(=angah, q.v.);adv. Awkwardly, &c.
du`s, s.f. A Hind festival performed (among
Khattrs) on the twelfth day of Bhdo bad
H aug [S. ++?], s.f. A
(syn. bh`-bhinn).
driving whip, a whip like a waggoner's (about
seven cubits long, used in training horses);an
S ava-gat, part. Known,
ornamental edging of superior country shoes
understood, comprehended. (peculiar to Dehli);a reel or skein.

S ava-gati, s.f. Perception, H aug, s.f. A pit or hole for catching

comprehension, knowledge. elephants, tigers, &c. (=obh, q.v.).

S avigat, adj. Diffusive, H ava-gy (S. ava-jn), s.f.

pervading, spreading or extending widely. Disregard, disrespect, contempt, despite:
avagyn-kr, adj. Contemptuous, degrading,
H ogr, adj. Insipid, tasteless, derogatory;s.m. A contemptuous person, &c.
&c.=obr and oghr, q.q.v.
H a-vigyt (S. a-vijnta), adj.
H ogr [P. ugr; S. +?], s.m. Not understood, not known, not famous or
A mixed mess, a dish like khi (q.v.): gruel, celebrated.
pottage.
S ava-gt, part. adj. Detested;
H ogal, augal [S. +, blamed, reproached; wicked, vile;s.m.
but cf. ugl, s.m. Moisture near the surface of Blame, reproach, obloquy; satire.
soil, ooze, subsoil moisture (syn. l).
A awwal (rt. ), adj. First, prior, foremost,
chief, greatest, highest, best, excellent;s.m.
S ava-gu, H. augun, s.m.
The first or earlier part, beginning;adv. At
Defect, blemish, fault, demerit, worthlessness, first, in the beginning, in the first place or

226
instance:awwal darje-k, adj. First class,
first rate:awwal rahn, To remain or stand
first in order; to maintain the first place:
awwal-se ir-tak, adv. From beginning to
end, from first to last throughout:awwal
manzil, s.f. lit. 'First stage'; interment,
obsequies;awwal manzil pahun, v.t. To
perform (one's) obsequies, to bury.
H a`olniy, s.m. Name of a
tribe of Js.
H olt [S. ++], s.f.
Eaves of a thatched house (=or, q.v.):oltiyo
bhang n, To be utterly stupefied or
intoxicated with bhang.

S ol, s.m. The esculent root Arum H olat, s.f. per met. for oal, q.v.;
campanulatum (syn. sran):ol-kob, s.f. The and cf. ol.
vegetable called Knolecole.
H l-jall, adj. Awkward,
H ol (cf. S. +), s.f. Personal bail clumsy; stupid (=angah, q.v.); slovenly,
or security, surety; pledge, pawn (=rahn); untidy. (Used by women.)
hostage:ol-me den, v.t. To surrender a
debtor to his bail till payment of the money due; H aulahan, adj. & s.m.=ava-
to give a pledge, give se urity, give a hostage.
laksha, q.v.

H aul [S. +?], s.m. Any great H aul-faul, s.m.=ail-fail, q.v.

calamity, (as a) plague, cholera, &c.
S ava-laksha, = H
A awwal, awwala (acc. of awwal), adv.
At first, &c.=awwal, q.v. aulakha, adj. Of inauspicious or evil
omen;unfortunate;s.m. Bad omen.
H ol [S. ], s.m. Hailstone,
hail; refined sugar made up into balls;adj. H aulakha, = S
Cold (as hail):ol ho-jn or ho-rahn, v.n. ava-laksha, adj. Of inauspicious or
To be or become cold:ole pan, v.n. To hail; evil omen;unfortunate;s.m. Bad omen.
to be overtaken by misfortune (jo sir muny
to ole pae, 'I had no sooner shaved my head S ava-lamb, adj. Hanging down,
than hail fell,'i.e. Misfortune overtook my
first venture). depending, hanging on or upon;s.m. Asylum,
protection, dependence, support.
H ol, s.m. Screen, &c.=o, oal,
S a-vilamb, adj. Not delaying,
q.q.v.; secrecy, sec. et:ol karn, v.t. To
screen, hide, conceal. prompt, quick, ready, expeditious;s.m. Haste,
despatch, quickness, diligence.
A aul, adj.= aul, q.v.
S ava-lambit, part. adj.
A auld, s.f. pl. (of walad), Children, Suspended (from), depending (on), trusting (to),
descendants, offspring, issue, progeny (usually supported (by); protected, cherished; alighting,
constructed with a sing. verb):auldu`l-all, descending.
s.f. Legitimate children:auld-e-ans or
ins, s.f. Female issue:auld-e-ukr, Male S a-vilambit, part. adj. Not
issue:auld-e-rishta-e-mustaqma, s.f. delaying, &c.=avilamb, q.v.
Children in a directline, lineal descendants:
auld-e-au`n-nasab, s.f. Legitimate
S ava-lamb n, s.m. Depending
children or issue (=auldu`l-all):auld-e-
gair-au`n-nasab, s.f. Illegitimate children (upon), supporting oneself (upon); dependence,
or issue:auld-k auld, s.f. Grandchildren: reliance; support, prop.
auld-e-najbu`t-tarfain, s.f. Legitimate issue
from both sides (paternal and maternal): S ava-lamb adj. Depending or
auld-e-nasab, s.f. Legitimate issue hanging (on), dependent (on); delaying,
(=auldu`l-all). dilatory;s.m. Dependent; refugee;
procrastinator.

227
S ava-lumpan, s.m. Leaping S vali, H. val and aval,
suddenly (upon), breaking forth, rushing on or aul, s.f. Row, range, continuous line, series;
away:avalumpan karn, To break forth, rush lineage, dynasty:aul-saul, adv. In a row.
away.
H `ol, aul, s.f. Any great
H olma, s.m. An animal that has been
calainity (=aul, q.v.); mortal danger (=al, q.v.).
slaughtered and scalded to remove the hair or
feathers.
H `ol, s.f. A mode of estimating
H olan [S. ?], s.m. crops, the produce of one bisw being taken as
a measure of the whole (syn. kankt:cf. lo).
Pendant; plummet.
H `ole (pl. of `ol = wal, see
S ava-lamb;see avalamb.
wal), s.m. Twins=`ole-j`ole or `ole-
A ul (pl. of : acc. ul), adj. Possessors, jh`ole (=S. ;see wal-jhwal, s.v.
owners; possessed of, endowed with, wal).
possessing, having: (N.B. The first in ul is
short, being merely scriptio plma; and hence the A ul, acc. of, and= ul, q.v.
word is often written ul;it occurs, in
Urd, only in comp. e.g.):ulu`l-albb, A ul, adj. fem. of awwal, q.v.
Persons of understanding:ulu`l-amr,
Possessor, of command or authority:ulu`l- H ol, s.f. Security, &c.=ol, q.v.
`azm, Enterprising, ambitious; daring,
determined, resolute; the enterprising, the
A aul, adj. (compar. & superl. of wal),
ambitious; ulu`l-azm, s.f. Determination,
Better; best; superior, excellent:aul-tar, adj.
resoluteness; ambition:uli`l-abr, Possessed Better, best.
of discernment, discerning, wise, discreet; the
discerning, &c.:uli`l-ajnia, Possessed of A auliy (pl. of wal), s.m. Friends (of
wings; winged animals:uli`l-`azm = ulu`l- God), saints, holy men, prophets, apostles; a
`azm, q.v.:uli`l-`ilm, Possessed of science, saint (=wal); the holy;(iron.) a godless
learned; the learned. person.

H l, s.f. A kind of grass=ul and P awwalyat (for A. , fr. awwal), s.f.

ul`a, q.q.v. Priority, preminence, superiority, excellence.

H aul [S. +, or +], adj. A awwaln (obl. pl. of awwal), adj. First,
former, ancient;s.m. The ancients:awwaln
Strange, odd, singular, unusual; unpleasant,
o irn, s.m. The ancients and the moderns.
wearisome, dull; uneasy, restless, perturbed;
s.m. Strangeness, oddness, newness;
unpleasantness, dullness, irksomeness; S avam, adj. Undermost, inferior,
uneasiness, restlessness. lowest, base, vile, low; growing less,
decreasing;s.m. A lunar day exactly
S ava-lokit, part. Seen, looked coinciding with a solar one.
at, inspected;s.m. A saint of the Jain sect.
S om, s.m. The mystic name for the
S ava-lokan s.m. Looking at, Hind triad (representing the union of the three
beholding; sight, view, inspection. gods, viz. , Vishu; , iva; , Brahm);
adv. Yea, verily, so be it, amen: (om is used at
H avalokn (S. ava- the beginning and end of a reading of the
Vedas, previously to any prayer, and also as an
lokanyam), v.t. To look at, see, inspect, view.
auspicious salutation):o-kr, s.m. The
sacred and mystical syllable om; the
P aulavyat (for A. ), s.f. Superiority,
exclamation om:on namas siddh (vulg.
preminence, excellence (see aul).
onam-s, or onam), s.f. 'I prostrate myself
before om (the Hind triad) and all perfect
beings'; first lesson or prayer.

228
H mari [S.
], s.m. The S a-vin, s.m. Exemption from
glomerous fig-tree, Ficus glomerata. destruction, exception from loss, safety,
perpetuity.
H mhn, v.n. To move, come or
advance exultingly, &c.=umangn, q.v. S a-vin, adj. Exempt from
liability to destruction or loss, indestructible,
H m [S. ], s.f. Ear of half-ripe imperishable, everlasting, perpetual; safe,
entire.
grain (especially when roasted); stalk of green
Indian corn fried.
S avantik, = S
H m, s.m. Stranger, foreigner. avant, s.f. Name of a city, the modern Oujain.

S avant, = S
H `o, s.m.= `o or `o, q.v.
avantik, s.f. Name of a city, the modern
Oujain.
H wan [S. ], s.m. Coming,
approach, &c. (=aw`, q.v.):wan wan, H [S. ], s.m. Camel:
s.m. Tidings or news of arrival.
bihn, To make a camel lie down in order to
load it:-ahe kutt ke, (prov.) 'The dog
H wan, s m. The field into which bites one who is mounted on a camel,' i.e.
rice has been transplanted (cf. man). Misfortune has long arms for the unfortunate:
-kar, s.m. A thistle of which camels are
H wan, s.m. Iron band round the fond, Echinops echinatus:-g`o, s.m.
navs of a wheel. Giraffe:n-wn, s.m. Camel-driver (syn.
H n [S. ], s.f. Wool; shaggy hair sr-bn).
that may be woven;gdar n n-ko baihe
are kaps, 'I bought the sheep for (its) wool, H aun (caus. of aun), v.t.
and it does nothing but eat the cotton' (a To boil, &c.=aun, q.v.
proverb used where that which is done by way
of economy or profit turns out expensive or H au`on, s.f.=au`on, q.v.
ruinous).
H aun (see aun), v.n. To be
S na, n, adj. Less, short, deficient,
boiled, &c.
defective, minus (=un, q.v.); young, toothless
(cattle):na-vak sangy, s.f. (in gram.) A
diminutive. H n [S. +], s.f. A she-
camel.
H [S. ] Intj. of interrogation; of
H oh [S. ], s.m. The lip (see
anger, peevishness, contempt, &c.:
karn, v.n. To whimper, cry, pule; to insist, hoh):oh-khan, s.m. Pillow.
persist (as a child).
H h, s.m. Three and a half; three
H wn, `on, v.n. To come=n, and a half times (=hh).
q.v.:wan-hr, wan-hr, wane-hr, adj.
Coming, having yet to arrive, future;s.m. One H jar, unjar, s.f. A small
who, or that which, has yet to come (=ne- heap of corn set apart (by Musalmans) in
hr). harvest time in the name of some saint.

H n [S. ], adj. Less, &c.=n; H , = H , [S.

s.m. A sword, knife, &c. worn down by
grinding. +], adj. (f. -), High, lofty, tall, raised,
elevated, exalted, eminent; steep; above, upper;
H onn, s.m. A woman's loud (as a voice):-n, u-n, adj. High
and low, having ups and downs, uneven, rough;
sheet=ohn, q.v. undulatory;s.f. Unevenness, inequality,

229
undulating ground; ups and downs (of life),
vicissitudes; ins and outs, pros and cons (of a H hn, v.t. To comb (the hair).
matter), particulars: bol boln, v.n. To
speak in a loud voice; to talk proudly or H wand (i.e. w+wand), s.m. Vessel, pan.
boldly: ahn, v.n. To mount high,
ascend or soar; to be high up; to rise to
S a-vindu, adj. Without point or dot.
eminence, attain to high rank: sunn,
sun` den, v.n. To be hard of hearing:
-kn, s.f. Deafness:-n, adj. & H odh [S. + , rt. ], s.m.
s.m. (f. -n) = n-n, q.v.: karn, The cord with which rafters or frames for
v.t. To raise, hoist, uplift, exalt, elevate: thatching on are pulled into their places and
hth rahn (-k), To have (one's) power, fastened till the roof is finished.
affluence, &c. continued to one (to be always in
a position to give), to remain or continue in the H audh, odh [S. +],
position of a lord or superior; to have the upper
adj. (f. -), With the face down; upset, upside
hand; to excel: wz, s.f. Loud voice or down, overturned, inverted, topsy-turvy, in utter
tone; high note: dkn, s.f. A grand or confusion, ruined; adverse (as fortune);
fine shop; great show: gn, len, crooked, distorted;s.m. Blockhead, fool:
To sound one's own praises; to praise one's own audh bat, s.m. Adverse fortune,
wares; to demand a high price:e bol-k misfortune:audh len, v.n. To lie on the
muh n, The proud ones are brought low: face:audh peshn, adj. Crooked-headed;
e sur-se gn, To sing in a high key. ill-fated, unlucky, unfortunate; shortsighted:
audhe-muh, adv. On the face, with the face
H , = H , [S. or head down; head-foremost, headlong:
+], adj. (f. -), High, lofty, tall, raised, audhe-muh ddh pn, lit. 'To suck with the
face down'; to act like a child, to be silly,
elevated, exalted, eminent; steep; above, upper;
ignorant, &c.
loud (as a voice):-n, u-n, adj. High
and low, having ups and downs, uneven, rough;
undulatory;s.f. Unevenness, inequality, H audhn, v.t. To turn upside
undulating ground; ups and downs (of life), down, turn over, upset, invert, overturn,
vicissitudes; ins and outs, pros and cons (of a reverse; to pour out (water), empty (a vessel); to
matter), particulars: bol boln, v.n. To hang down (the head):audh-dena, v.t.
speak in a loud voice; to talk proudly or Idem.
boldly: ahn, v.n. To mount high,
ascend or soar; to be high up; to rise to H audhn, v.n. To be overturned,
eminence, attain to high rank: sunn, to turn upside down, upset; to be poured out; to
sun` den, v.n. To be hard of hearing: lower (as the sky).
-kn, s.f. Deafness:-n, adj. &
s.m. (f. -n) = n-n, q.v.: karn, H au, o [S. ++], adj.
v.t. To raise, hoist, uplift, exalt, elevate: (f. -), Deep (=gahr); sunk.
hth rahn (-k), To have (one's) power,
affluence, &c. continued to one (to be always in
a position to give), to remain or continue in the H au`, s.f. Depth.
position of a lord or superior; to have the upper
hand; to excel: wz, s.f. Loud voice or H g, = H gan,
tone; high note: dkn, s.f. A grand or s.f.=gh, q.v.
fine shop; great show: gn, len,
To sound one's own praises; to praise one's own
H gan, = H g,
wares; to demand a high price:e bol-k
muh n, The proud ones are brought low: s.f.=gh, q.v.
e sur-se gn, To sing in a high key.
H gn, v.n.=ghn, q.v.
H n, un, v.t. To
raise, &c.= karn, q.v.s.v. . H gh, ogh [S. +],
s.f. Dropping of the head or eye-lid, nodding,
H `, s.f. Height, &c.=u`, dozing, drowsiness, sleepiness (=ughs,
q.v. (syn. are us, un, u`o, uha). ugh`, q.q.v.).

230
 H aune-paune, aun-paun (from
H ght (imperf. part. of wan = n, and pn), adv. At whatever can
ghn), adj. (f. -), Dozing; drowsy, sleepy; be got, at a loss.
dull, stupid; sluggish:ght-uds, adj.
Drowsy, frowsy, dull and stupid; H wane-hr, see s.v. wan
unaccompanied by any show or pomp, quiet (as or `on.
a wedding, &c.).
S a-vint, part. adj. Badly trained,
H ghn (see gh), v.n. To drop
ill-mannered, misbehaving, acting improperly,
the head, to nod, doze, feel drowsy or sleepy. wicked, vile.

H ghn, oghn [S. , or S a-vint, s.f. An immodest or

+, rt. ], v.t. To apply grease or oil, unchaste woman.
mixed with tar, &c., to the axle of a cart or
carriage; to grease the wheels of a cart, &c.: S a-vivd, adj. Not contentious
gh-len, Idem. or disputatious, peaceable, conciliatory,
gentle;s.m. A peaceable person, &c.
H aug, s.f. Silence, dumbness.
S a-vivhit, part. Unmarried,
H aul, s.m.= `ol, q.v. &c.=abi-whit, q.v.

H h, uh, intj. Pshaw! no matter! S a-vivek, adj. Without judgment

plague take it! &c. (cf. next). or discrimination (=avivek, q.v.);s.m.
Absence of discrimination or judgment,
H h, uhu [S. + ], intj. indiscretion, ignorance, stupidity.
Not I! nay! no! never! humph! very nice! very S a-vivekat, s.f. Want of
fine! judgment, inconsiderateness, imprudence, &c.
(=avivek).
H h (for woh), adv. There and
then; exactly in that manner, so. S a-vivek, adj.
Undiscriminating, having no judgment,
S avan, avani, s.f. The earth, indiscreet, ignorant, superficial, short-
sighted;s.m. An undiscriminating person, &c.
world;avan-pa, s.m. Lord of the earth (an
epithet of a king or ruler). P wa, s.m. A kiln, &c.=w, q.v.

S a-vinay, adj. Without proper H oh, h, intj. Oh! ha! (an

training, ill-behaved, indecorous;s.m. Want exclamation of pain, distress, &c.); pshaw!
of good manners or modesty; bad training; rude &c.=h, q.v.
behaviour, indecorum, impropriety, pertness,
wantonness.
S h, = H h, s.m.
H n [S. +], adj. Made of Deliberation; reasoning, logic, inference;
supplying an ellipsis.
wool, woollen.
H h, = S h, s.m.
H aun, n (or, emphat.) n n
Deliberation; reasoning, logic, inference;
[S. ], s.f. & adv. Roving about, rambling, supplying an ellipsis.
sauntering.
H ohr, s.m. Covering, &c.=uhr,
H onn, s.f. A woman's sheet or q.v.
mantle=ohn, q.v.
H oho, intj. Oh! holloa! ho! heigh!

231
S hya, adj. Inferrible, to be supplied
P weza, s.m. Pendant, ornament for the
(in reasoning); elliptical; to be investigated.
ear, ear-ring:weza-band, s.m. Idem:
weza-dr, adj. Having a pendant, &c.
S avi, s.m. Sun; mountain;
preservation; sheep; shawl-goat. P wez, s.f. Hanging, suspension (used in
comp.).
H `, intj. Expressing pleasure, pain,
fear, surprise, &c. (used by women). S a-vyakta, part. adj. Unapparent,
indistinct, invisible, unperceived, imperceptible,
H awaiy (from `on 'to come'), adj. undetermined;s.m. The Supreme Being or
(f. awai`), Future, yet to come:awaiy- Universal Spirit; soul, nature, temperament.
jawaiya, s.m. Coming and going (=n-jn).
S avayav, avyav, vulg. abyab, s.m. A
S a-vypti, s.f. Inadequate limb, member; part, portion; member or
diffusion or extent (of a definition, &c.);adj. component part of a logical argument or
Not diffusive, non-pervading. syllogism.

S avypak, adj. Not spread over S a-vyavasth, adj.

or pervading the whole, not penetrating or Undecided; without regulation, irregular.
permeating; special, peculiar.
S a-vyavasthit, part. adj.
S a-vykul, adj. Not disturbed, Not put in order, not regulated, irregular,
composed, calm, firm. undisciplined, unsteady.

S a-vyhat, adj. Unrepelled; S avyaya, adj. Not liable to change;

unalarmed, not disconcerted. unperishable, immutable, eternal; unwasted;
economical, parsimonious;s.m. An epithet of
P weta [perf. part. of wetan, Zend Vishu, or of iva; the Supreme Being or
+rt. vij; S. +vij or vi]; part. adj. Suspended, Universal Spirit; (in Gram.) an indeclinable
hanging, pendulous, pendent; attached, word, particle.
connected.
S a-vyay, adj. (in Gram.)
S a-vr, adj. Helpless, weak, impotent. Unchangeable, indeclinable; relating to an
indeclinable word:avyay bh`o, s.m. An
indeclinable compound word.
H a-ver [S. +], s.f. Delay, &c.;
adv. Late, &c. (see aber):awer-sawer, awer- H ah [S. ], s.f. Egotism, self-
sawer, adv. Late and early, at all hours,
unseasonably; late or early, late in the evening conceit, pride, self-sufficiency.
or early in the morning:awer karn, v.n. To
delay, loiter, dally, to procrastinate. H ah, s.f. Difficulty, trouble, trial.

S a-vr, s.f. (of avr), A childless H ah [S. or ], s.m. A day.

widow.
S ahi, s.m. Serpent, snake:ahi-
P wez, = P wez, (act. part. of
bhavan, s.m. Abode of snakes, snake's hole:
wetan), adj. Hanging, &c. (=weta, ahi-phen, s.f. Saliva, or venom, of a snake; the
q.v.):wez or wezn karn (-par), To hang expanded hood of the Cobra de capello; opium
(upon), suspend (a thing, from), attach (to), fix (=afm):ahi-rj, ah, ahs, s.m. King of the
(upon), to post (a notice). serpents (epithet of eshng):ahi-sej, s.m.
The bed of Vishu in the Ocean of Milk
P wez, = P wez, (act. part. of (consisting of the thousand-headed serpent
wetan), adj. Hanging, &c. (=weta, esh-ng).
q.v.):wez or wezn karn (-par), To hang
(upon), suspend (a thing, from), attach (to), fix
(upon), to post (a notice).

232
P H h [S. or ], s.f. Sigh; H uh, s.m. Cover, wrapper,
intj. Ah! alas!:h bharn, h karn, h &c.=uhr, ohr, q.q.v.
khain, h mrn, h nikln, To draw,
heave, or bring forth a sigh; to sigh:h-e- A ahl, s.m. pl. (of ahl), People (of a
sard, s.f. A deep sigh:h re, intj. Ah! oh! house, village, &c.), denizens, inhabitants;
alas! ah me! persons, individuals, members; dependents,
followers:ahl-mawl, ahl o mawl, s.m.
S iha, ih, eha, eh, pron. adj. This=yeh, People at large, poor and rich; courtiers;
retainers, train, retinue, followers, dependents.
q.v.:adv. In this place, here; in this world:
eh-kl, This time; this present life:eha-lok,
s.m. This world:ihmutra (iha+amutra), adv. H ah, intj. No! nay! do not! by no
Here and there; in this world and the next. means (=unhu).

H uha, uh, oh, pron. adj. That=woh, q.v. H eh (see iha), adv. Here,
&c.=yah, q.v.
P uh, oh, intj. Oh! hah!
H uh, oh, adv. There=wah, q.v.
H ah, ahh, = H h, hh, [S.
], intj. Ah! alas! oh dear! heigho! P ihnat, ehnat [for A. , inf. iv of
'to be light,' &c.], s.f. Contempt, disdain;
(exclamation of pain, pity, &c.);Ha! O!
affront, insult, indignity, slight; slander,
holloa! bravo! capital! how excellent! well
calumny:ehnat karn (-k), To contemn, &c.
done! strange! wonderful! how extraordinary!

H ahhh, intj.=ah, q.v.

H h, hh, = H ah, ahh, [S.
], intj. Ah! alas! oh dear! heigho!
H hbn, s.m.=hvn, q.v.
(exclamation of pain, pity, &c.);Ha! O!
holloa! bravo! capital! how excellent! well
done! strange! wonderful! how extraordinary! S ahit, adj. Wanting in affection,
unfriendly, inimical, prejudicial;s.m. No-
P H ahr [S. ], s.m. Gluten, friend, enemy; want of affection, enmity, harm,
injury:ahit-kr, adj. Acting unkindly or
starch, size, paste, glue (see next):ahr
adversely, inimical;s.m. Enemy; injurer:
ahn (-par), ahr dena, To starch, paste, &c.
ahit-man, adj. Inimical, hating.

S hr & H. ahr, s.m. Taking

S huti, hut, s.f. Oblation, burnt
food, eating, aliment, sustenance, food,
offering.
victuals:hr karn (-ko), To feed, eat,
consume, make a meal.
A ehtid [inf. n. viii of ' to guide
aright'], s.f. Being guided aright, being directed
H uhr [S. + or , rt. ], s.m. in the right path (spiritually).
Covering, wrapper; cover or curtain of a cart,
litter, plk, &c. (as a protection from sun or A ehtimm [inf. n. viii of ' to keep (one)
rain, or as a means of concealment for in anxiety'], s.m. Solicitude, care, anxiety,
women:see ohr and uh). diligence; inspection, supervision, management,
superintendence, charge:ehtimm karn (-
H ahrn, v.t. To starch, paste, me), To be very attentive or careful (in), to
&c.=ahr ahn, q.v.s.v ahr. show solicitude (in the matter of), to attend
carefully (to), look well (after); to overlook,
inspect, supervise, superintend, manage,
H uhrn, v.t. To uncover, make
control, carry on (a business, &c.):ehtimm-
bare, &c.=ughn, q.v. me rakhn (-k), To put (a thing) in the charge
(of), to entrust (to).
H hr, ahr (see hr),
adj. Taking food, eating;s.m. Eater. A P eh timm, s.f.=ehtimm;s.m. A
responsible person, curator, manager, agent.

233
H ha (from n), s.f. Sound of feet P histag (abst. sub. from next), s.f.
Slowness, tardiness, delay; gentleness, softness,
approaching, sound of soft footsteps; sound,
inildness, meekness.
noise, clack, tick:ha len or lete rahn, To
be on the qui vive for the sound of footsteps,
P hista, adj. Slow, tardy, dilatory, lax,
&c.; to be on the watch, to be on the alert.
slack, sluggish, lazy; gentle soft, mild, easy:
hista, histe (vulg. ste), adv. Slowly;
H ahar, s.m. Name of a tribe of gradually, by degrees; easily, leisurely, at
Rjpts. (one's) convenience; gently, softly, mildly:
H har, = H ahr, [S. hista-rav, adj. Slow-paced.
+, rt. ], s.m. Reservoir for collecting P hak, s.m. Quicklime (=n); cement,
rain-water for irrigation, pond;pile of cakes plaster.
of cowdung in a furnace, fuel made of
cowdung. A ahl, s.m. People, person, member, or
individual (belonging to any particular person,
H ahr, = H har, [S. house, place, order or profession), inhabitant;
family, kindred; consort; possessor, owner,
+, rt. ], s.m. Reservoir for collecting lord, master; follower, dependent, servant,
rain-water for irrigation, pond;pile of cakes domestic;adj. Fit, apt, capable, worthy;
of cowdung in a furnace, fuel made of possessed of, endowed with:ahl-e-ittiq, ahl-
cowdung. e-taqw, adj. Pious, devout; the pious, the
faithful:ahl-e-ijtihd, s.m. Qualified
H har-jhar, s.f. Coming jurists:ahl-e-idrk, adj. Intelligent, sagacious;
and going; ingress and egress (=n-jn, w- the intelligent:ahl-e-islm, adj. Orthodox;
jw, q.q.v.). s.m. True believer, Muslim:ahlu`s-sunnat,
ahl-e-sunnat, s.m. Observers of the law
S a-harshit, adj. Unhappy, (traditional and written), a Musalmn:ahlu`l-
sorrowful. lh, s.m. People of God; man of God; pious
man, saint, dervish, faqr:ahl-e-btin, adj.
P ahramn, ahrimn, = P ahraman, Contemplative, spiritual, pious, enlightened of
ahriman,aharman, harman, s.m. The principle mind;s.m. The pious, saints:ahle-bihisht,
of evil, the devil, Satan. ahle-jannat, s.m. Inhabitants of Paradise, the
blessed:ahl-e-bait, ahl-e-na, s.m. People
P ahraman, ahriman, aharman, harman, of the house, family; domestics; master (or
= P ahramn, ahrimn, s.m. The mistress) of the house:ahl-e-taawwuf, adj.
principle of evil, the devil, Satan. Contemplative;s.m. Anchorite; a Sf:ahl-
e-tafsr, s.m. Doctor of theology; commentator
H ahran (dialect, aheran), s.m. on holy writ:ahl-e-tanjm, s.m. Astrologer:
Anvil (syn. nih`). ahl-e-hirfa, ahl-e-an`at, s.m. Artificer,
artisan:ahl-e-huqq, adj. Possessed of rights
or of just claims:ahl-e-idmat, s.m. An
H uharn (see uhrn), v.n. To be
officer, one in office under the Government
laid bare, be uncovered, be naked; to subside (=ahl-e-kr):ahl-e-irad, s.m. People of
(as a swelling or inundation); to settle (as a wisdom, the wise:ahl-e-iynat, adj.
liquid, &c.).
Treacherous, perfidious:ahl-e-dil, adj. Brave,
spirited; liberal, generous;s.m. Dervises:
S ahar-ni, ahar-nii (ahas+nii), ahl-e-dalq, s.m. Dervises, mendicants (see
s.m. and adv. Day and night, the whole day; dalg):ahl-e-dawal, adj. Possessed of wealth,
during the whole day, continually. rich; the wealthy:ahl-e-auq, ahl-e-maq.
adj. Of good taste; having a taste for divine
H ahra, s.m.=ahr, q.v. knowledge, devout, pious;addicted to
pleasure;s.m. People of good taste; pleasure-
seeker, voluptuary:ahl-e-rozgr, adj.
H ahr, har (dim. of har, ahr,
Knowing the world; skilful;s.m. Working
q.v.), s.f. A small reservoir or pond. men, servants:ahl-e-rsh, adj. Possessed of a
beard;s.m. A grown-up man:ahl-e-zabn,
ahl-e-kalm, adj. Eloquent;s.m. Masters of
language; orator, poet:ahl-e-zamn, adj.

234
Observant of, or conforming to, the times;
s.m. Time-server:ahl-e-zamn, s.m. Inhabitant
of the earth:ahl-e-zohd, adj. & s.m.
Continent; devout, pious;the pious, holy
men:ahl-e-suan, adj. & s.m.=ahl-e-zabn, the succession, heir, joint-heir:ahl-e-wara`,
q.v.:ahl-e-sunnat, s.m.=ahlu`s-sunnat,
q.v.:ahl-e-shar`, s.m. Legislator, lawyer; one
who observes the law of Mohammad:ahl-e-
shukoh, ahl-e-shaukat, adj. & s.m. Grand, great,
powerful;grandees, great men:ahl-e-
shint, adj. & s.m. Discerning, intelligent;
men of intelligence:ahl-e-afa, adj. & s.m.
Pure in heart, &c.=ahl-e-taawwuf, q.v.:ahl-
e-ta`at, adj. Obedient to God, faithful:ahl-e-
tab`, adj. & s.m. Possessed of genius; a man of
genius:ahl-e-tabqa, adj. & s.m. Unobservant
of the precepts of Mohammad;one who is
unobservant, &c.:ahl-e-tarq, ahl-e-tarqat, overflow, flood, deluge.
s.m. An observer of the laws of Mohammad, a
Musalmn:ahl-e-zarf, adj. Noble:a l-e-`urf, H hl, s.m. A certain Hind soldier
ahl-e-`irfn, adj. & s.m. Learned, well-
informed, intelligent; skilful in divine things,
pious;the learned, &c.:ahl-e-`aql, adj. &
s.m. Wise, &c.=ahl-e-irad, q.v.:ahl-e-`ilm,
adj. Learned, scientific; learned man, scholar:
ahl-e-gara, adj. & s.m. Interested, designing,
selfish;interested person, designing or selfish
man:ahl-e-farang, s.m. European:ahl-e-
fal, adj. & s.m. Virtuous; learned;the
virtuous; learned man:ahl-e-fahm, adj. & s.m.
Intelligent, wise, &c.ahl-e-`aql, q.v.:ahl-e-
qibla, s.m. Those who turn their faces to Mecca
in prayer, Mohammadans:ahl-e-qalam, s.m.
Scribe, writer; officer in civil employ, civilian;
a literary man:ahl-e-kr, ahl-kr, s.m.
Working man; clerk; man of business, agent,
officer, public or private servant:ahl-e-kitb,
s.m. Learned man, doctor in theology; those
who believe in a revealed religion, Jews,
Christians, Mohammadans:ahl-e-karam, adj.
Liberal, generous:ahl-e-kasb, s.m.
Tradesman, tradesmen:ahl-e-kalm = ahl-e-
zabn, q.v.:ahl-e-kaml, adj. Perfect,
excellent:ahl-e-lisn, s.m. One skilled in his
own language, &c.=ahl-e-zabn, q.v.:ahl-e-
majlis, s.m. Assistant, assessor; a member of
(genteel) society; a courtier:ahl-e-mad, s.m.
Accountant (of revenue); a Persian writer or
head of department in a court of judicature;
officer in charge:ahl-e-maq, adj. &
s.m.=ahl-e-auq, q.v.:ahl-e-ma`sh, s.m.
Holder of a rent-free tenure:ahl-e-ma`rifat,
adj. & s.m. Learned; possessed of knowledge
pertaining to God; devout, pious;the devout,
&c.:ahl-e-mansab, s.m. Minister, official,
one who holds high office:ahl-e-nisht, s.m.
The gay, the joyous; pleasure-seekers:ahl-e-
narat, s.m. Colleagues, coadjutors:ahl-e-
nazar, adj. Discerning, perspicacious, clear-
sighted:ahl-e-nifq, adj. & s.m. Perfidious;
hypocritical; impious;infidels; traitors;
enemies:ahl-e-wirsat, s.m. One interested in
adj. & s.m. Pious, religious; the pious, &c.:
ahl o`ayl, s.m. Family, kinsfolk:ahl-e-hajr,
adj. & s.m. Separated from friends, or from
(one's) beloved; sad, disconsolate; the
disconsolate.
H hal, s.m. Freshness of soil (cf.
hld, hln, ahle-gahle).
H , hl, ehl [S.
++, rt. ], s.m. Inundation,
and poet, &c.=l, q.v.
S hld, s.m. Joy, gladness,
pleasure, mirth, festivity.
S hldit, part. adj. Rejoiced,
joyful, glad, merry, exultant.
S hldak, adj. & s.m.
Imparting joy;anything promoting or
imparting pleasure.
A ehlk [inf. n. iv of ' to perish'], s.m.
Destruction, ruin, perdition.
H hlan, ahln, aihln [S.
+], v.n. To be glad, to rejoice, be
exultant:ahle-gahle, adv. Rejoicing, gay,
cheerful, exultant, elated, flauntingly, with a
strut.
H hlo, s.m. (Braj.)=hl, q.v.
S ahaly, s.f. Name of the wife of
Gautama, q.v.;name of an Apsar.
H ahliy, s.f.=ahliya, q.v.
P ahlyat, vulg. ahliyat (for A. , fr.
ahl), s.f. Fitness, worthiness, worth, aptitude,
capability, skill; possession.
P ahlya, vulg. ahliya (for A. , fr. ahl),
s.f. Wife.
235
S aham, pron. I:aham-jna, adj. H hnik (from hnik), adj. Of or
Knowing the ego;s.m. Self-consciousness; pertaining to a day, diurnal.
one who possesses self-knowledge:aham-
mati, s.f. Self-illusion, spiritual ignorance; self- P hang [+rt. Zend ha = S. + ],
sufficiency, self-love, conceit, arrogance, pride.
s.m. Design, purpose, intention; method,
manner; sound, concord, melody; one of the
A ahamm, adj. compar. & superl. (rt. ) ,
Persian tunes or modulations in music.
More, most, or very important; momentous:
ahamm-e-umr, Most important matters or
things:ahamme-kr, Affair or business of H ahin, fem. of ahi, q.v.
moment.
P han, = P hann, [han, q.v.+Zend
A ehml, s.m. = A P ehml, s.f. [inf. aff. ana = S. ], adj. Of iron, iron-, made of
n. iv of ' to be at large,' &c.], Negligence, iron:hann-panja, adj. Iron-fisted, having an
indolence, carelessness, inattention, delay. iron grip, strong, powerful.

A P ehml, s.f. = A ehml, s.m. [inf. P hann, = P han, [han, q.v.+Zend

n. iv of ' to be at large,' &c.], Negligence,
indolence, carelessness, inattention, delay.
H aha, adv. No, nay, &c.=ah, q.v.
P han [Pehl. ain, Zend. ayah, S. ], wonderful! O yes! aye!:aho bhg, intj. My
s.m. Iron:han-rub, s.m. lit. 'Iron-seizer';
loadstone, magnet:han-gar, s.m.
Blacksmith:han-gar, s.f. The work or trade
of a blacksmith.
H han, s.m. Chopped straw mixed
with mud (used for building).
aff. ana = S. ], adj. Of iron, iron-, made of
iron:hann-panja, adj. Iron-fisted, having an
iron grip, strong, powerful.
S aho, intj. Ah! oh! O! ho! holloa! ha!
stars! bless me!
P h, s.m. Deer, antelope; defect, vice,
fault:h-bara, s.m. Fawn:h-ashm, adj.
Having eyes like a deer's, gazelle-eyed:h-
gr, s.m. Deer-catcher:h-gr, s.f. The act of
catching deer.

H ihi, pron. adj. This very=ih, yah, H ahivt, ahibt, s.f.=ahbt, q.v.
q.q.v.
S hwn, s.m. Calling, invitation,
S a-his, s.f. Harmlessness; summons (=whan, q.v.)
security, safeness.
H aho-bhgya [S.
S a-hinsak, adj. Harmless, +], adj. Unfortunate, luckless, ill-
innocuous. starred;s.m. Adverse fortune, ill-luck.
S hnik, adj. Daily, diurnal,
performed every day;s.m. Constant or daily S aho-rtra, s.m. A day and
ceremonies of religion, daily work, day's work. night, a day of twenty-four hours;adv. Day
and night, continually, always.
S aha-kr (aham+kra), s.m.
Making much of self, thinking of self, egotism, H ahe, intj. O! sign of the voc. case
individuality; self-consciousness; self- (=eh, ai, he).
sufficiency, pride, haughtiness, arrogance.
P H he, intj. O! holloa!
S ahakr, adj. Egotistical,
self-sufficient, self-conceited, proud, H ih, pron. emphat. This very, &c.=ihi,
arrogant;s.m. A self-conceited person, &c.
ihi, yah, q.v.
S ahankrit, adj.=ahakr, q.v.
H uh, pron. emphat. That very,
&c.=uhi, woh, q.v.

236
H ahbt, ahwt [S. S e, The eleventh letter of the Devangar
++], s.f. State of a married woman alphabet, corresponding to the letter e as
pronounced in most languages, and having the
whose husband is alive, coverture (syn. suhg);
sound of e in prey:e-kr, s.m. The letter or
good fortune, auspiciousness; affection (?)
sound e:e-krnt, adj. (in Gram.), Ending
with the letter e (a word).
H ahbt, ahwt, s.f. A woman
whose husband is alive, femme-covert. S e, intj. O! (the Vocative particle):e lo,
intj. There now! mark! just listen! what do you
S a-hetuk, adj. Causeless, think of that!
groundless, without motive.
H e, pron. (local), This=yeh:e-dam, adv.
H ah, s.m. A person appointed to This instant, this moment.
watch a crop of grain when ripe, and see that
the dues are paid ere it be removed. S ai, The twelfth letter of the Devangar
alphabet, having the sound of ai in aisle:ai-
H ahr [S. ], s.m. A caste or kr, s.m. The letter or sound ai.
tribe whose business it is to attend on cows;
cowherd; milkman. S P ai, and H. a`e, intj. O! ho! holla!
(used in calling or addressing); ah!:ai-ki, O
H aher, s.m.=ahe, q.v. that!:ai ksh-ki, O! would that!, would to
God that! ai w`e, Ah! alas! woe is me!:ai
H ahran, = H ahrn, wh, intj.=ai w`e, q.v.;Really! very likely!
you don't say so! did you ever! never!:a`e
[S. +], s.f. A woman of the Ahr ha`e, intj. Ah! alas! dear me!
caste; a cowherd's wife.
H ` (from n 'to come'), s.f. Coming,
H ahrn, = H ahran, approach (=av`).
[S. +], s.f. A woman of the Ahr
caste; a cowherd's wife. H ` [S. , q.v., but cf. `, fem. of
y, 'come'], s.f. End (of life), appointed hour or
S aheru, s.f. The plant Asparagus time, death, fate, doom (syn. ajal):` karn
racemosus. (apn), To bring about (one's own) end or
destruction, to seal (one's own) doom.
H ahr, s.f.=ahran, q.v.
H `e, ` [S. ], A particle of assent or
admission (apparently occurring only in
H ahe [S. ], s.f. (m. in
comp.):`e karn or kar-len, v.t. To assent
Sanskrit), Chase, hunting; prey, game. or agree to, to admit, accept, be responsible for.

H ahe, = H aheiy, S ya, `e, s.m. Income, revenue,

[S. ], s.m. Sportsman, hunter, fowler. receipts, gain, profit.

H aheiy, = H ahe, S yu, s.f. See yu, and yus.

[S. ], s.m. Sportsman, hunter, fowler.
H ih, pron. emphat.=ih, yah, q.q.v.
S , The fourth letter of the Devangar
alphabet, corresponding to long i, and having
the sound of ee in feel:-kr, s.m. The letter
or sound :-krnt (+kra+anta), adj. (in
Gram.), Ending with the letter (a word).
H y, perf. part. (of n), Come:
y-gay, adj. (f. `-ga`), Come and gone,
gone, past, done with, spent, got rid of,
disposed of:`e-din, adv. Every day, daily,
constantly:`e-ga`e, s.m. pl. Casual visitors,
unexpected guests, guests:`e-ga`e hon, v.n.
To be come and gone, to be gone, done with, be
a thing of the past; to be disposed of, be settled;
to be got rid of, spent, lost, done away with.

237

H y (from the Portuguese), s.f.
Female attendant on children or on a lady,
nurse, lady's maid, ayah.
P y, ay, interrog. particle, Whether or not, parallelogram.
whether;intj. Ha! O! ho! I say! hark you!
A yt, s.f. pl. of yat, q.v.
S ys, s.m. Effort, exertion,
trouble, toil, labour; fatigue, exertion.
P T ayg, s.m. Cup, drinking-vessel.
H ayl, iyl [P. yl], s.f. Mane (of a horse);
lock of hair (between a horse's ears).
P iylat (for A. , rt. for ), s.f. Rule,
government, dominion.
S ym, s.m. Extension, expansion;
length; breadth.
A aiym, s.m. pl. (of yaum), Days, times; S
time, season, weather; space of time, period,
duration, term, usance; menses, courses:
aiym-se, adj. Having the menses (=kapon-se).
A P aiym, adj. Of time; for a long time;
durable.
H ayn [S. ++], adj. & therefore.
s.m. Unwise, ignorant, silly;simpleton, dolt,
fool (opp. of syn).
A b [inf. n. iv of ' to point,' &c.], s.m.
Pointing with the finger, making a sign,
beckoning for one to approach (opp. to m,
'beckoning to retire'); sign, beck:b-gaib-se
or so, adv. Suddenly, unexpectedly:b-
gaib, adj. Sudden, unexpected.
S psit, part. Wished for, desired,
longed for.
S ayut, adj. & s.m. Ten thousand;
myriad.
S ti, and H. it, s.f. Any calamity of
the season (as drought, excessive rain, noxious
insects, &c.); swarm of gnats, mosquitoes, &c.;
seasons? (=tod;itu).
P yat (for A. ), s.f. Mark, sign; sentence H
or verse of the Qor`n:yat-e-mutlaq, s.f.
Mark, stop, pause (used in the Qor`n only, and
differing from a simple yat in being a
compulsory pause).
S yat, adj. & s.m. Long, wide;
oblong (field or figure);an oblong figure,
H yat [S. ? 'Day,' &c.], s.m.
Sunshine (=dhp, q.v.).
S yatta, adj. Docile, tractable,
submissive, dependent.
H ett, adj. So much, &c.=itt, itn, q.v.
S etdri, = S
etadrik, adj. Such, such-like, &c.=ais, q.v.
S etadrik, = S
etdri, adj. Such, such-like, &c.=ais, q.v.
H tal, adv. Now, &c.=itl, q.v.
etvat, adj. & adv. So great, so
much, &c.=itt, itte, q.q.v.:etvan-mtra,
adv. Only this much, merely so much.
S etvat, vulg. et`ot, adv.
From so much, from that, from this fact or
circumstance, for this reason, on this account,
S yattat, s.f. Docility,
tractableness.
S etad, pron. adj. This (used at the
beginning of compounds):etad-arth, adv. On
this account, for this reason, therefore:eta-
ankr, s.m. This twang, this sound:etat-kla,
s.m. The present time;adv. Now (=itl, q.v.).
H tar (see itrn), adj. & s.m. Acting
affectedly, affected, apish;affected person,
swaggerer, swell.
H etik, adj. This much, this many
(=itn, q.v.).
A tilf [inf. n. viii of ' to become
sociable,' &c.], s.m. Familiarity, friendship,
society, company, connection, correspondence.
etn, adj. So much, &c.=itn, q.v.
238
H etwr, s.m. Sunday=itwr, q.v.
H etwr, s.m. A debtor, who
avails himself of Sunday to make his
appearance abroad without fear of arrest.
H e-pe, s.m. Twist;
entanglement, &c.=pe, he-pe, q.q.v.
S yudh, s.m. Weapon, armour,
arms.

H `et-p`et = et-p`et, q.v. S dri, pron. adj. Like this, such,

thus. (See ais.)
S aiyatya, s.m. Quantity; number;
value. H dhar, adv. (poet.), Here,
&c.=idhar, q.v.
H i, s.f.=, q.v.
H e = e, q.v.
H e, ai, s.m. ai, aian,
q.q.v. A [inf. n. iv of ' To be annoyed,' &c.],
s.f. Annoyance, molestation, vexation, pain,
H ain, v.n.=aihn, q.v. trouble, distress, harm, hurt, injury; (syn.
dukh):-pahun, den (-ko), To
annoy, molest, vex, &c.:-deh, z-rasn,
H h, adj. Desired, beloved, &c.=isha, adj. & s.m. Annoying, molesting, &c.;one
q.v. who gives annoyance, &c.:-dihand,
rasn, s.f. The occasioning of annoyance,
H h, = H , [S. , rt. injury, &c.
], s.f. Spear, lance; spear staff; the cat in the
H er-pher, m. = H
boys' game of 'cat and trap':-n
(and), The ball and crook in the game of er--pher, f. (redupl. of pher, with
augn. conjunctive ), Exchange, interchange; barter;
dancing attendance; roaming or wandering to
H , = H h, [S. , rt. and fro (=her-pher); combination, collusion;
(see er-pher).
], s.f. Spear, lance; spear staff; the cat in the
boys' game of 'cat and trap':-n H er--pher, f. = H
(and), The ball and crook in the game of
augn. er-pher, m. (redupl. of pher, with
conjunctive ), Exchange, interchange; barter;
A sr [inf. n. iv of ' to set a mark upon'], dancing attendance; roaming or wandering to
s.m. Presenting, offering (a gift); an offering. and fro (=her-pher); combination, collusion;
(see er-pher).
A jb [inf. n. iv of ' to be necessary,'
&c.], s.m. Rendering necessary; (in Logic) A rd [inf. n. iv of ' to approach,' &c.],
affirmation (as opp. to 'privation'); assent; (in s.f. Bringing (an allegation, &c.), producing,
Moammadan law) the first proposal made by citing, alleging:rd karn, To bring (a
one of the parties in negotiating or concluding a charge against), impute (blame to).
bargain:jb-o-qabl, s.m. Proposal and
assent or acceptance (in a negotiation of H air-gair (from gair, by redupl.),
marriage, &c.). s.m. This one and that one; anyone and
everyone (without distinction); stranger; a
A jd [inf. n. iv of ' to be found'; 'to nobody-knows-who.
exist'], s.m. Creation, production; invention,
contrivance:jd karn, v.t. To create, P rn [Pehl. ern; Zend airyana, fr. airya
produce, originate, invent, design, discover: = S. arya, rya], prop. n. Persia:irn o turn,
jd hon, v.n. To be invented, &c. Persia and Transoxiana.

A jz [inf. n. iv of ' to be short, &c.], P rn, adj. & s.m. Of or relating to

s.m. Abridging, curtailing, epitomizing (a book, Persia;a Persian; a man of the Sh`a sect.
&c.); abridgment.

239
S airvat, vulg. ervat, rvat, the heel; to urge (a horse) on with the heel; to
apply the spur, to spur.
s.m. Indra's elephant.

H eak, = H ek, [S.

S airvat, s.f. Name of the river
Rv (in the Panjb). ], s.m. A ram; a large ram or he goat
trained for fighting;a kind of fireworks.
S yur-bal, = S yur-
d, See s.v. yus. H ek, = H eak, [S.
], s.m. A ram; a large ram or he goat
S yur-d, = S
yur- trained for fighting;a kind of fireworks.
bal, See s.v. yus.
H e-gaj [S. +], s.m. The
H er-pher, s.m. Exchange, barter, medicinal plant Cassia tora or Alata (used for
&c. (=er-pher); opposition, discord, jar, &c. the cure of ring-worm).
(=itilf); collusion, combination.
H eh-teh (see eh), adj.
S rsh, = H rkh, s.f. Envy, & s.m. (f. eh-eh), Crooked, awry; irregular;
jealousy; emulation, rivalry; impatience of cross-grained; inconsiderate, &c. (=atpat,
another's success; spite, ill-will:rsh or rkh q.v.):crookedness, tortuousness, &c.
rakhn, or karn (-k), To be envious or jealous (=ehpan).
(of); to envy; to rival:rkh lagn (-ko), To
take ill or amiss; to feel jealous or envious. H e [e, q.v.+S. ], s.f. Heel:e
dekh or dekho, lit. 'Look at (your, -apn) heels';
H rkh, = S rsh, s.f. Envy, look at home (a phrase used by Mohammadan
jealousy; emulation, rivalry; impatience of women to obviate the effect of evil eye):
another's success; spite, ill-will:rsh or rkh eiy ragan, eiy ghisn, To drag the
rakhn, or karn (-k), To be envious or jealous heels in walking; to rub the heels (against the
(of); to envy; to rival:rkh lagn (-ko), To bed in dying); to be in straitened circumstances,
take ill or amiss; to feel jealous or envious. to be in distress, or in agony.

S rshlu, vulg. rkhlu, adj. & s.m. P H zd (corr. of A. ziyda), s.m. Increase,
Envious, spiteful;an envious or spiteful augmentation, addition:zd karn, v.t. To
person. increase, &c.=ziyda karn.

P ezid, zid [Zend yazata, part. fr. rt. yaz =

S rshvn, adj. Envious,
&c.=rshlu.
H rkh, s.f.=rsh, q.v.
S. , rt. ], s.m. God.
P ezid, adj. Divine; bestowed for the love
of God.

S era, s.m. = H H s, s.m.= , q.v.

era, s.f. The castor-oil plant, Palma christi,
or Ricinus communis. (See an.) H yus, s.m. corr. of next, q.v.

H era, s.f. = S era,

H yasu, s.m. Command, order
s.m. The castor-oil plant, Palma christi, or
(=de).
Ricinus communis. (See an.)
S yus (in comp. yur, yush), s.f.
H er-pher, s.f.=er-pher,
Life, duration of life, age, long life, mature age
q.v.
(see yu:yur-bal, yur-d (vulg. warda),
s.f. Allotted period of life, life-time, age.
H e [S. 'foot'], s.f. Heel (=e);
spur; a riding cane or stick:e karn, e H ais [S. , Pr. ], pron. adj.
lagna, e mrn (-ko), To strike (a horse) with & adv. (f. -), This-like, such, of this sort; like

240
(=s, in which case it is subjoined to the
accusatival base of a pronoun, and to the acc. or S yush = yus, q.v.
gen. case of a substantive, e.g. p-ais
'aqlmand, 'a wise man like you'; mard-ais,
'like a man'; par-k ais lakro ke rp, 'in the S a, , vulg. s, s.m. (f. ), Ruler,
form of feathery streaks'); in such a manner, in lord, master, Supreme Spirit, God; name of iva
this wise, thus, so; after this sort, of a piece; as regent of the north-east quarter (see n).
as though, as if;so much, this much
(=itn):ais-tais, adj. Such and such, so-so, S sh, s.f. Pole or beam of a plough;
&c.=ais-wais, q.v.;s.m. (f. ais-tais), Such pole or shaft of a carriage.
an one, a nondescript, disreputable person; one
destitute of discrimination, or of carefulness:
S n, vulg. sn, s.m. A name of
ais-wais, adj. & adv. (f. ais-wais), So-so,
passable, middling; indifferent, of little moment iva;the north-east:n-kon, s.m. The
or worth, insignificant, inferior, poor, bad; north-east quarter.
improper, indecent (act or language);
indifferently, passably, &c. (=aise waise): H eshn (pl. of o; fr. Zend she), pron.
aise, adv. Thus, so, &c.=ais;also=aise-h, They; those.
q.v.:ais, aise, intj. (colloq.) Really! is it so!
surely not! you don't say so! what next!:ais- S shat, adv. Little, a little, slightly,
tais, s.f. Disgrace, infamy, ignominy; a polite somewhat.
term for anything unmentionable:aise-waise,
adv.=ais-wais, q.v.:aise-h, adj. Just so,
S it, s.f. = S itwa,
precisely;as if, as though, so to speak;
accidentally, casually; without motive or reason s.m. Superiority, supremacy, lordship; one of
(=y-h). the eight attributes of the Deity.

H sn, adj. & s.m.= n, q.v. S itwa, s.m. = S it,

s.f. Superiority, supremacy, lordship; one of the
P stdag (abst. subst. from next), s.f. eight attributes of the Deity.
Erection; stability.
S sha, s.f. Desire, wish, eagerness,
P stda [perf. part. of stdan; Pehl. inclination, choice.
otan, rt. Zend. st = S. sth], part. adj.
Erected, set up; standing:stda karn, v.t. To S war, vulg. swar, s.m. Ruler,
raise up, to erect, &c.
master, lord; the Supreme Being, God;a name
of iva, of Km-de`o, &c.:war-dhn, adj.
H sar, sur, s.m.=war. & s.m. Subject to or dependent on God;one
who is resigned to the Divine will, a servant of
H sart, s.f.=warat, q.v. God:war-dhnat, s.f. Subjection to, or
dependence on, God:war-rdhn, s.f. The
worship of God (=pj):war (ra+a),
H aisan, or a`isan [Prk. =S. s.m. lit. 'A part of God'; an epithet of created
+], adj. & adv. (dialec.)=ais, q.v. things, especially animals:war, adj.
Possessing special divine endowments:war-
ve, s.m. Absorption into the Deity:war-
S ya-sang, adj. Well-up,
bn (vara+vn), s.f. The voice of God,
versed, skilled, proficient (in, -me). revelation, inspiration, oracle:war-bh`o,
s.m. The divine nature:war bhakt, s.m. A
H yas, yasu, s.m.= worshipper of God, a pious person:war-
yasu, q.v. smaran, s.m. Remembering God, calling God to
mind:war-smara-sthn, s.m. Any place of
H swar, s.m.=war, q.v. divine worship, temple, mosque, church,
synagogue.

H aiso, adv. This year. S warat, = H

wart`, s.f. Supremacy, lordship; divineness
H aise, aise, adv. See s.v. ais. of nature, divinity, Godhead; divine or

241
Almighty power; the divine faculties of eka+ardha), Half, part, some:ek-d, ek-dh
omnipresence, omnipotence, invisibility, &c. (S. eka+di), adj. One or more, one or so, some,
some few, few:ek-kr, adj. Having the same
H wart`, = S form, alike, uniform (see ek-rp):ek-kh,
warat, s.f. Supremacy, lordship; divineness adj. One-eyed (=ekksh, q.v.);ek-kh
of nature, divinity, Godhead; divine or dekhn, To look with the same eye:ek-n-
Almighty power; the divine faculties of me, adv. In a moment (=ek pal-me); easily,
omnipresence, omnipotence, invisibility, &c. readily:ek-ek, ek-ek-kar or karke, adv. One
by one, separately, singly; severally, each,
every, apiece:ek-ek-ke do-do, adv. Two for
H warj, s.f.=aiwarya, q.v.
one, twice as much, double; cent. per cent.:ek
aur, adj. One more; another:ek-bt, s.f. One
S war, s.f. Mistress, queen, and the same thing, all one; one unvarying
goddess; name of Durg; of Lakshm, or of any price:ek-bh, s.f. A distribution of any tax
other of the aktis or female energies of the or cess levied on all lands at an equal or
deities. uniform rate:ek-br, ek-biriyn, ek ber, adv.
Once, once upon a time; at one time, at once, at
S aiwarya, s.m. Control, the same time, all at once:ek brg, adv. At
once, all at once, suddenly:ek-baan, s.m. (in
dominion, sway, supremacy, power, might; Gram.) The singular number:ek-baran (S.
grandeur, glory, pomp, wealth, prosperity, eka-varna), adj. Of one colour, plain; of one
greatness, majesty, state; superhuman power, caste, of one race; identical:ek-barn (S.
omnipotence (of the Deity); the divine faculties eka+var), s.f. Beating time, marking musical
of omnipresence, invisibility, &c. measure by clapping the hands; an instrument
for beating time; a castanet:ek-bagal, adv. On
S warya, adj. Pertaining to or to one side, aside, apart; alongside:ek-
deity; divine, godlike. bht, adj. One kind, &c.=ek-rang, ek-rp,
q.q.v.:ek-bh`o, adv. At the same rate or
S aiwaryya, adj. Endowed price:ek-bhakt, s.m. One who eats but one
meal a day; a worshipper of one God;ek-
with superhuman qualities; grand, glorious,
bhakti, adj. & s.f. Of one faith; believing in one
majestic, &c.
and the same deity;unity or identity of
religious belief:ek-bh nah, adj. Not one,
S aishk, adj. Made of reeds. not a single one, none; neither:ek-ber,
adv.=ek-br, q.v.ek-patn, s.f. A wife devoted
A yushya, s.m.=yus, q.v. to her husband; a faithful wife:ek-parimn,
adj.=ek-andz, q.v.:ek-purush, adj. Of the
A aia (acc. of ai, 'doing a thing again'), depth of a man's stature:ek-par (or -pe) ek,
adv., Again, as above, as before, item, the same, adv. One over or above the other; one after the
ditto, in the same manner. other; in succession (=upar-tale):ek-paksh,
s.m. Associate, firm ally, partisan:ek-pe-ke,
A f [inf. n. iv of ' to be full,' &c.], s.f. adj. Of the same womb, uterine, of the same
Paying, satisfying, performing a promise, mother, own (brothers or sisters):ek-tl, s.m.
fulfilling an engagement, keeping faith; Harmony, unison, concord, the accurate
payment, satisfaction, discharge, &c.:f adjustment of song, dance, and instrumental
karn, v.t. To pay, discharge, fulfil, make good, music:ek-tn, s.m. Harmony, &c. (=ek-tl,
&c. q.v.);adj. Having the mind fixed on one
subject only, closely attentive:ek-tanu, adj.
Having but one body, not subject to
S ek (see ik), adj. & pron. One, single,
transmigration:ek-to, adv. In the first
sole, alone, only, a, an; the same, identical; only instance, firstly; on the one hand:ek-tol, adj.
one; a certain one; single of its kind, unique, Of the same weight, equal:ek-thn, ek-j, ek-
singular, preminent, excellent;adv. Or so, jagah, adv. In one place, together (=ikha,
about (as last member of comp. e.g. p- q.v.);ek-j karn, v.t. To collect, &c.=ikha
ek):ek-arth, adj. & s.m. Having one and the karn, q.v.:ek-ak, s.m. Looking steadily at a
same meaning, synonymous;a synonym thing without blinking; fixed look, stare,
(=ekrth, q.v.):ek-andz, adj. Of one and the gaze;adv. Steadily, fixedly;ek-ak dekhn,
same measure, fashion, &c.; equal, uniform; v.t. To look steadily or fixedly at, to scan
ek-andz-se, adv. After the same pattern or carefully, eye, gaze at:ek-jt, ek-t, adj. Of
fashion, uniformly, equally:ek-dh, ek-d (S.

242
the same caste, race, family, or sort; co-
religionist; of the same parents:ek-jn, ek-
jigar, adj. Having one soul, or one heart; true,
sincere (=ek-dil, q.v.):ek-it, adj. Collected as
to thought, thinking of one thing only; intent
upon, absorbed in; of one mind, unanimous,
concurring, agreeing; unwavering, determined,
resolute; (cf, ek-dil and ek-mat):ek ane-k do
dl, lit. 'Two halves of a chick-pea'; two equal
shares; brothers of the whole blood:ek-hatr
(S. eka-kshatra), s.m. Supreme monarch,
emperor;(hence) Rj Rmandra:ek-dri, to pay back with interest, to give (one) a volley
adj. One-eyed:ek dast, adv. Altogether,
entirely (=ek lat, ek-musht):ek-dafa`, adv.
Once; once upon a time:ek-dukh-sukh, adj.
Having or feeling the same joys and sorrows,
sympathizing, sympathetic:ek-dil, adj. Of one
heart or soul, of one mind, unanimous; single-
minded, true, sincere, faithful:ek-dam, ek-
dam-me, adv. In one breath, in a moment, at
once, all at once:ek-dsre-k, Of one another,
mutual, reciprocal:ek-des, adj. & s.m.
Belonging to the same place or country;
fellow-countryman:ek-l, adj. & adv. In one
piece, without joining:ek-aul, ek taur-ke,
adj. Of one make or fashion, of the same sort
(=ek-rp, ek-s); uniform:ek-hang-se, adv.
After the same fashion or manner;
symmetrically:ek-ras, s.m. One only flavour;
one sole pleasure;adj. Pleased with one
object only, unchanged, unchangeable,
constant:ek-raqam, adv. In one payment; at
once:ek-rang, adj. Of one colour; of one sort
or kind, similar, alike; constant, true, sincere
(=ek-dil);ek-rang, s.m. A red cloth
commonly worn by native women, (syn.
qand):ek-rp, ek-rp, adj. Having the same
shape, form or appearance, alike, similar,
resembling (=ek aul):ek-zabn, adj. Of the
same speech; of the same mind, consentient
(=ek-dil, ek-mat);adv. With one voice, with
one accord, unanimously (=ek-muh, q.v.):
ek-s, ek-s, ek-sr, adj. (f. ek-s), Alike,
having the same qualities, of the same sort,
similar, corresponding; identical;ek-se, adv.
One and the same, unvarying, unchanging;
ek-se din na rahn, The days or time not to
remain the same, but to change (usually from
bad to good):ek-sth, ek-sang, adv. Together,
in a body, simultaneously, all at once,
suddenly:ek-sar, adv. All at once; all
together:ek-samn, adj. Alike, equal, &c.=ek-
s, q.v.:ek-se ek, adj. One (better or worse)
than another:ek-shmil, adv.
Together=ikha, q.v.:ek-ara, s.m. One H ek [S. +], s.m. Unity, union,
only hope and refuge, epithet of any deity:ek-
arr, adj. Of one body; of one blood:ek-
taraf, adj. On one side, aside, apart (=ek-bagal,
q.v.):ek-tarfa, adj. One-sided, partial; ex-
parte (decision):ek-fal, adj. Yielding but
one crop annually:ek-qalam, adv. At a stroke
of the pen; at once, bodily, entirely, altogether
(=ek lat):ek-kl, s.m. One time, one and
the same time;adv. At one time; once:ek-
kln, adj. Contemporary, coeval,
simultaneous:ek-ke-b`d ek, adv. One after
the other, one by one (=ek-ek-kar, q.v.):ek-
ke-phe ek, adv. One behind, or after, the other,
in succession, in a line, row, train, &c.:ek-k
das sunn, To give back ten (words) for one,
of abuse:ek-ke do karn, To divide into two
equal parts, to bisect; to cut in two:ek-lh
hkn (-ko), lit. 'To drive with one and the
same stick'; to rule all men with the same rod,
to treat all alike:ek-lat, adv. Altogether, at
once, entirely, in the mass, bodily:ek-la,
adj. & s.m. Having or consisting of one
string;a string of pearls, gold ornaments, &c.
worn on the neck; necklace of a single string of
pearls, &c.:ek-laut, ek-lau, adj. Only,
single (child. without brother or sister=ik-laut,
q.v.):ek-mtrik, adj. & s.m. Having a single
mtra; (in Gram.), a short vowel:ek-m-bp-
ke, adj. Of the same parents;ek m-bp-ke
hon, or ho-jn, To be or live as brothers, to
live in peace and harmony; to sing in unison or
harmony:ek-mat, adj. Of one way of
thinking, of one mind, of one opinion,
consentient, agreeing, unanimous:ek-musht,
s.f. A handful;adv. Altogether, at once, in the
lump or mass; in one payment:ek ma`n-k,
adj. & s.m. Having the same meaning,
synonymous;synonym (=ek-arth):ek
muh, adj. & adv. Agreeing, united,
unanimous, &c.;adv. With one voice, with
one consent, unanimously (=ek zabn);ek
muh hon, or ho-jn, To be unanimous, to
concur, be of the same opinion;to sing in
concert, harmony, or chorus:ek-mol, adj. Of
the same value or price:ek nm, adj. Having
the same name, cognominal:ek na, Not one,
no one, none; neither:ek na ek, One or the
other, either:ek wr-par lagn, To stake on
one throw:ek wa`, adj. Of one and the same
fashion, kind, sort; regular, uniform, equal (=ek
andz, q.v.):ek waqt, adv. At one time,
simultaneously:ek-h, adj. One alone, sole
one, a single; just the same, all one, alike,
identical; unique, unparalleled;ek-h hon
(me or k), To stand alone (in respect of), be
unparalleled or unique.
unanimity; combination, league, compact,
conspiracy; a unit; an ace (at cards=ikk):ek
karn, v.n. To act in unison or concert, to act
together, act simultaneously; to combine, unite,
243
conspire; ek-ek, ek-ek, adv. All at once, secretly;extremely, excessively:eknt-me,
simultaneously; suddenly. adv. Apart, alone, &c.=eknt:eknt-me
rahn, To live alone, single, or secluded; to
S ekda, adj. Eleven hold or keep (oneself) aloof:eknt-ho-
(=iggyrah). baithn, To seclude oneself; to retire from the
world.
S ekda, s.f. The eleventh day
S ekntar (eka+antara), adj.
of a lunar fortnight.
Next but one, alternate, every other:ekntar
ko, s.m. (in Geom.) Alternate angle.
S ekdhipati (eka+adhipati),
s.m. Sole and absolute monarch.
H eknawe, eknwe, adj. Ninety-
one: (=iknwe, q.v.).
S ekdhipatya, s.m. Sole
and absolute sovereignty.
H ekwan, adj. Fifty-one:
(=ikwan, q.v.).
S ekrth (eka+artha), s.m. The
same object; the same meaning;adj. Having
S aikhik, vulg. ekhik, adj.
one or the same aim or object; having one
meaning, synonymous. Ephemeral, quotidian.

S ekrthak, adj. (in Gram.), H ek` (from ek), s.f. Loneliness,

Synonymous. solitariness, solitude; unity, unanimity; units (in
Numeration).
H eks, adj. Eighty-one (=ikkys,
H ek-ek; see s.v. ek:cf.
q.v.).
also P. yak--yak.
S ekksh (eka + aksha), adj. One-
S a-yukt, adj. Ill-matched, not suited,
eyed, blind of one eye; having one axle;s.m.
A crow. unfit, unsuitable, incompatible; incompetent;
improper, indecent (=ajukt);s.m. Violence,
oppression, constraint, compulsion.
S ekkin, = S ekk,
adj. Alone, single, solitary, sole.
S ekat, s.f. Oneness, sameness,
identity; unity, union, agreement, harmony;
S ekk, = S ekkin,
conjunction.
adj. Alone, single, solitary, sole.
H ektls, adj. Forty-one:
S ekgra (eka+agra), adj. Having
(=iktls, q.v.).
one point, fixing the attention on only one point
or object, closely attentive; intent; undisturbed,
S ekatra, ekatr, adv. In one place;
unperplexed;s.m. One whose mind is fixed
on one object:ekgra-itt, adj. & s.m. Having together; also=next, q.v.
an attentive mind, attentive, intent upon,
&c.=ekgra. H ekatr, s.m. Sum total; one more
than a hundred, &c.=ekotr, q.v.
S ekgrat, s.f. Intentness in the
pursuit of one object, close and undisturbed H ekattar, ekatar [S.
attention. ++], adj. Next but one, alternate
(=ekntar):ekatar-jwr, s.m. Intermittent
S eknt (eka+anta), s.m. A lonely, fever, tertian ague.
retired, or secret place; seclusion, retirement,
privacy; an extreme;adj. Secluded, H ekath, ekth, adv. See ikha.
sequestered, retired, lonely, solitary, secret,
private; single, unaccompanied; extreme,
excessive;adv. Apart, aside, alone; privately,

244
H ekts, adj. Thirty-one (=ikts, one per cent.:ikotar-sau, adj. One hundred
q.v.).
H ekah, ekh, adj. &
adv.=ikha, q.v.;s.m. A small boat rowed
by one oar.
S ekad, adv. Once, once upon a
time; at one time, at once.
H ekar, pron. adj. (dialect.)=isk, q.v.
H ek, s.m. The figure one ().
S ksha, s.m. The eye; act or power
of seeing; sight;care; supervision.
S kshaik, s.m. Fortune-teller.
S ekak, adj. Single; solitary, alone;
the same (cf. ekal).
S ekal, adj. Alone, solitary
(=akel);s.m. A solitary person.
H ek-laut, adj. See s.v. ek, and s.v. ek.
see iklaut.
S ekam, adj. One;s.f. The first day
of the Hind fortnight:ekam-kr, ekam-ek,
Made one of, mixed, jumbled, confused,
disordered; caused to be apart or alone,
rendered unclean or impure (by touch).
S aik-matya, s.m. Unanimity,
sameness of opinion or doctrine, agreement,
concurrence.
H ekantr [S. ++],
adj. Next but one, alternate, &c. (=ekntar and
ekatar); fasting every other day.
S ekottar, vulg. ikotar, = H H ekel, adj. Alone, &c.=akel,
ekotr [S. eka+uttara+kah], adj. & s.m.
One over a hundred, one hundred and one;
one per cent.:ikotar-sau, adj. One hundred
and one.
H ekotr [S. eka+uttara+kah], = S
ekottar, vulg. ikotar, adj. & s.m.
One over a hundred, one hundred and one;
and one.
S eka-via, adj. Twenty-first.
S eka-viati, adj. Twenty-
one: (=ikks).
H kh [S. ], s.f. (& m. in Hind),
Sugar-cane (=kh, q.v.):kh-rj, s.m.=kh-
rj, q.v.s.v. kh.
H ekhattar, adj. Seventy-one (=ik-
hattar, q.v.).
H ekha, adj. & adv.=ikha,
q.v.
H ekahr, adj. (f. -), Alone,
solitary; single; of one twist, of one piece, &c.;
thin (=ikahr, q.v.).
H ek-h, = H ek-, adj. See
s.v. ek.
H ek-, = H ek-h, adj. See
H eka`, adj. One only, one and the
same, &c. (=ek-h, q.v.);s.f. Units=ek`, q.v.
S aikyat, s.f.=aikya, q.v.
H eks, eka`s, adj. Twenty-
one (=ikks, q.v.).
S ekaik (eka+eka), adv. Everyone,
each successively, one by one, &c. (=ek ek kar,
q.v.).
S ekaikam, adv. One by one,
singly, &c. (=ek ek karke).
ikel, q.v.
S aikya, s.m. Oneness, unity,
singleness, identity, sameness, harmony
(=ekat); total, aggregate, product.
H aigu [S. +], s.m.
Unskilfulness, stupidity, &c.=augun, q.v.
245
A yal, aiyal, uyyal, s.m. Stag; deer, hart;
wild goat.
S el, s.f. Cardamoms. (See il.)
H lm, s.m. Auction, public sale
(=llm, nlm, q.q.v.).
P el, s.m. Ambassador, envoy, delegate,
agent:el karn, To discharge the functions
of an ambassador or agent; to act in another's
stead.
conscientiously, solemnly:mn-k, adj. (f. -
), Honest, true, fair, conscientious, trustworthy,
trusty:mn khon, To sacrifice or lose
honour, integrity, &c.=mn ben, q.v.:mn
ln (-par), To believe (in), become a convert
(to); to have or put faith (in), repose trust or
confidence (in), rely (on); to credit, give credit
(to):mn-me alal n, mn-me farq
n, To have one's honesty or probity shaken or
disturbed, to prove faithless, dishonest, &c.
A P mn, adj. Of the (Musalman) faith;
faithful.

H el-pan, s.m. = P el-gar, H man, eman, s.m. Name of a

s.f. The office or dignity of an ambassador, &c.;
ambassadorship, embassy, agency.
P el-gar, s.f. = H el-pan,
s.m. The office or dignity of an ambassador,
&c.; ambassadorship, embassy, agency.
metre in Hind versification; name of a musical
mode.
P emin (for A. min, by imlah), adj. Safe,
secure, void of care.

A aiman, adj. compar. & superl. (rt. ),

P T elgr, ilgar = ilgr, q.v. (The of
More, or most, happy, fortunate, or august.
this word is merely scriptio plena).
A P aiman, imin, s.f. Security, protection;
H ail-fail (corr. of A. al-fe`l, happiness.
'the act'), s.m. Abusive language, obscenity;
prating, chatter, babble (also aul-faul: used by P a`imma (for A. a`immat), s.m. pl. (of
Mohammadan women). imm), Imms, saints, &c. See next.

H lam, elam, s.m.=lm, q.v. P aima (for a`imma), s.m. Land given as a
(These forms appear to be peculiar to Southern
India; the words used in the North are nlm,
llm.)
H elw, eluw, el`,
s.m. Aloes (syn. muabbar).
A ly, prop. n. Jerusalem;Elias.
H el-elall (corr. of y 'al y allh),
intj, O `Al! O God! (used by lascars or Indian
sailors when pulling ropes, &c.).
reward or favour by the king at a very low rent,
a fief (when no rent is paid it is termed l-
arj); a grant of land, &c. to the people who
attend at the tomb of an Imm or saint; charity
land:aima-dr, s.m. One who holds land in
aima, a feoffee:aima-maua, s.m. A village
given as a charitable endowment to learned or
religious persons.
P `n, s.m. See `n.
P n [Zend am; S. ayam], pron. dem. This;
these.

A m [inf. n. iv. of ' to make a sign'], s.f. A ain, adv. Where?

Sign, nod, beck, hint, suggestion, indirect
reference or allusion; emblem, symptom.
A mn [inf. n. iv of ' To be safe or ], Brick; (met.), a fixture (e.g. madarse-k
secure'], s.m. Belief (particularly in God, and in
His word and apostles, &c.); faith, religion,
creed; conscience; good faith, trustworthiness,
integrity:mn ben, To sell one's
conscience; to break one's word, faith, &c.; to
sacrifice one's integrity, honour, &c.; to prove
faithless or dishonest:mn-dr, adj. Faithful,
true, conscientious;s.m. A believer:mn-
dr, s.f. Fidelity, truth, trustworthiness,
honesty:mn-se, adv. Faithfully, honestly,
H , s.f. = H , s.m. [S.
, applied to a student who has been long at
school and sticks in a low class):-band,
s.f. Brick-work, building in brick; a structure of
brick:e pthn, To make bricks (=
bann):-se bajn or baj-den, lit.
'To strike or sound one brick against another'; to
throw down, raze, or demolish a building; to lay
in ruins:-se bajn, baj-jn, To be
thrown down, razed, demolished, laid in

246
ruins:-kr, s.f. Brickwork, bricklaying: H ain [S.
, + ], v.t.
-k ghar ma karn, To reduce a brick & n. To twist, &c.=aihn (the more common
house to dust, to demolish a brick house;to form).
destroy the prosperity of a house, to reduce to
poverty:-k ghar ma hon or ho-jn,
To be brought low from a state of prosperity H ain (from ain), s.f.
and affluence, to be reduced to poverty:- Petulance, peevishness; pride.
kor, s.m. Brick-dust:-k in`, s.f.
Bricklaying, brickwork:-gr, s.f.=- H ai, s.m. Proud, &c.=aih, ak,
kr, q.v.:t-mr-ahk, s.m. A boys' aka-bz, q.q.v.
game (one boy throws a stone which others try
to hit, and he who is successful rides on the H ai-pan, s.m. Pride;
back of the first thrower as far as the stone
thrown by him). affectation, &c.=aka, q.v.

H , s.m. = H , s.f. [S. H h, s.f. Brick=, q.v.

], Brick; (met.), a fixture (e.g. madarse-k

H aih [S. ], s.f. Twist, turn,
, applied to a student who has been long at
convolution, coil, fold, ply; tightening;
school and sticks in a low class):-band,
stiffness, rigidity; obstinacy, stubbornness;
s.f. Brick-work, building in brick; a structure of
pride, arrogance; affectation, airs, strut (syn.
brick:e pthn, To make bricks (=
aka, q.v.):aih-bz, s.m.=aka-bz, q.v.
bann):-se bajn or baj-den, lit.
'To strike or sound one brick against another'; to
throw down, raze, or demolish a building; to lay H aihn (caus. of aihn, q.v.),
in ruins:-se bajn, baj-jn, To be v.t. To twist, turn, wring; to cause to writhe; to
thrown down, razed, demolished, laid in cause to strut, &c.
ruins:-kr, s.f. Brickwork, bricklaying:
-k ghar ma karn, To reduce a brick H aihan, s.f. Twist, &c. (=aih,
house to dust, to demolish a brick house;to q.v.); constipation; gripes, colic.
destroy the prosperity of a house, to reduce to
poverty:-k ghar ma hon or ho-jn, H aihn (see ain), v.t. To twist,
To be brought low from a state of prosperity
wind, spin, make into hanks or skeins; to make
and affluence, to be reduced to poverty:-
crooked, to distort; to wring (the ear); to punish,
kor, s.m. Brick-dust:-k in`, s.f.
chastise; to tighten, squeeze, press, contract; to
Bricklaying, brickwork:-gr, s.f.=- wrench from, extort, take by force or fraud,
kr, q.v.:t-mr-ahk, s.m. A boys' appropriate wrongfully;v.n. To twist, writhe,
game (one boy throws a stone which others try wriggle; to cramp; to be tightened, cramped,
to hit, and he who is successful rides on the pressed, to shrink, be contracted; to become
back of the first thrower as far as the stone rigid, stiff, &c.; to strut, stalk, &c. (=akan,
thrown by him).
q.v.):aih-kar, adv. Stiffly, rigidly;
affectedly, with a strut, proudly, &c. (=aka-
H ai [S. +, or from ain, kar):aih-len, v.t. (intens. of aihn), To
q.v.], s.m. Twist, turn, convolution (=aian, twist tight, &c.; to wring from, extort, &c.: see
aihan, aih), clew, hank, skein, &c. (syn. aihn.
kalba); the string of a spinning wheel on
which the spindle works, cross-strap round H , e, ai (see ain), s.f.
wheels;a snail.
Pulling, drawing, attraction; stretching;
tightening; tendency; desire; reserve, holding
H y (from ai, 'ring'), s.m. back or aloof; delay, tardiness; scarcity,
The ring-turtle or ring-dove, Turtur deficiency, want;the banking system by
cambayensis. which zamndrs pay the revenue demand:
ai-khai, s.f. Tugging and pulling, scuffling;
H aian (from aitn, q.v.), quarrelling.
s.f.=ai, aith, aihan, q.q.v.
H e, ai, part. adj. Pulled,
drawn, &c.:ai-tn, adj. Stretched and

247
strained, pulled eross-wise, &c.; squint-eyed: rude, coarse (speech, &c.):ai-bai
e-tn, s.f. Stretching and straining, tugging sunn, v.t. To call names, to abuse, villify.
and pulling; scuffle, tussle, scrimmage,
struggle; difficulty, entanglement, toils. H ai, s.m. A make-weight (placed
in the lighter scale).
H ean, aian (v.n. of next,
q.v.), s.f. Pulling, drawing, dragging, &c.; H ain, = H
struggle, difficulty, toils, &c. (=e-tn, q.v.).
ailn, (caus. of ain, q.v.) To cause to
roll or sway from side to side, &c.; to put in the
H ain, en, n scale, to weigh roughly.
[ai = Prk. () or ()=S.
H ailn, = H
(), the fut. (used in the sense of the
ain, (caus. of ain, q.v.) To cause to roll
present) of rt. + ], v.t. To draw, pull, drag, or sway from side to side, &c.; to put in the
attract; to string up, hang (usually ai-den); scale, to weigh roughly.
to draw or rule (a line, &c.); to write, scribble;
to sketch; to H ain (another form of ain,
keep or hold back or aloof:e-tn-ke, adv.
q.v.), v.n. To strut, stalk, swagger (=aihn);
With difficulty, by hook or by crook:ai-
to roll or turn from side to side, to roll about (as
den, intens. of and=ain:ai-lena, v.t. in bed); to stagger or reel (like a drunkard); to
To draw out; draw up, draw in, imbibe, absorb, lie idle, loll about.
suck up; to take, take in; to take away by force,
carry off (usually e-le-jn), wring from,
extort. H w,
uw, `,
s.m. = H v, &c. (dim. of w),
H ndur [S. ], s.m. Rat; mouse. s.f. = H huw, hu`,
s.m. [S. +], A roll, coil, or ring of
S aindra-jlik, adj.
cloth, straw, or rope, &c, on which a burden is
Familiar with or relating to magic, magical, carried on the head, or on which water-jars or
deceptive, illusory;s.m. Magician, juggler. other vessels having round bottoms may be
supported (syn. guar, jn); a cant word for a
H ndr, s.m.=indur, ndur, q.q.v. turban.

H yanda, `inda [act. part. of madan; H v, &c. (dim. of w), s.f. =

y+anda; rt. Zend & S. i + ant], adj. & adv.
Coming, future, subsequent, ensuing, next;in H w,
uw,
`,
future, for the future, hereafter:`inda- huw,
s.m. = H hu`,
ravanda, adj. & s.m. Coming and going,
s.m. [S. +], A roll, coil, or ring of
passing to and fro:one who comes and goes,
a traveller;`inde-ko, adv. In future. cloth, straw, or rope, &c, on which a burden is
carried on the head, or on which water-jars or
other vessels having round bottoms may be
H ndhan, s.m. Fuel, &c.=indhan,
supported (syn. guar, jn); a cant word for a
q.v. turban.

H ai (from ain, q.v.), adj. Rolling; huw,

lolling; idle, useless, unserviceable, worthless;
incomplete, unfinished:ai karn, v.t. To
render useless or unserviceable; to injure; to
break:ai hon or ho jn, v.n. To become s.f. [S. +], A roll, coil, or ring of cloth,
useless, worthless, unserviceable, &c., to get
out of order, be injured, broken, spoiled; to be
unfinished or incomplete.
H ai (perf. part. of ainn), adj. (f. -
), Staggering, rolling, reeling, swaggering,
mincing; crooked, zigzag; harsh, unseemly,
H hu`, s.m. = H
w,
uw,
`,
s.m. = H v, &c. (dim. of w),
straw, or rope, &c, on which a burden is carried
on the head, or on which water-jars or other
vessels having round bottoms may be supported
(syn. guar, jn); a cant word for a turban.
P nak, intj. Lo! behold! there now!

248
H ngur, s.m. Red lead, minium (syn. H h, pron. This, &c.=yah, q.v.
sendr).
S h, s.f. Desire; attempt; exertion,
H ghe, = H aine, adv. Here, energy.
hither.
H h, adv. Here, &c.=yah, q.v.
H aine, = H ghe, adv. Here,
hither. S aihik, adj. Of this place, of this
world, terrestrial, temporal, worldly, secular,
S eva, adv. As, like; even so, verily, local.
indeed; only, still, just, also.
S aiha-laukik, adj. Of this
S yu, s.f. Age, life-time, duration of world, happening in this world, terrestrial,
life. sublunary.

H aiwr (from ewa and wr = S. H yt, adj. Ready, prepared, in

wakah), s.m. A shed in a jungle for goats, readiness.
sheep, or cattle.
P `n [Pehl. dn, Zend dana, rt. d = S.
P aiwn, wn, s.m. Hall, gallery, portico ], s.m. Regulation, institute, statute, rules, law
(applied generally to a royal palace). (as established by princes, in contradistinction
to shar` or the law of Moammad), body of
P A ai-w`e, intj. See s.v. ai.
laws, code; enactment, edict, ordinance, canon,
decree, rule; custom, manner:`n-dn, s.m.
A aiyb, prop. n. Job.
One skilled in law, (but commonly applied to)
one who practises on the simplicity of his
S ayodhy, s.f. lit. 'Not to be neighbours by his knowledge of law;
warred against'; name of the present province of pettifogger, rogue; `n-e-dwn, s.m. Civil
Oude (of which, in ancient times, Rma was law:`n-e-faujdr, s.m. Criminal law:
sovereign). `n-e-ml, s.m. Revenue law.

H yur-bal, = H H `et-p`et (from

yur-d, s.f. See s.v. yus P. p`n), s.f. The head and foot of a bed; the
upper and lower end (of anything), this side and
H yur-d, = H yur- that;adj. & adv. Lower; beneath.
bal, s.f. See s.v. yus
P `na, s.m. Mirror, looking-glass; the
knee-pan;adj. Mirror-like, clear, bright,
H ewar [S. +], s.m. Flock of
&c.:`na-band, adj. Adorned with
goats or sheep. mirrors;`na-band karn, To adorn with
mirrors:`na-band, s.f. Ornamenting with
S a-yogyat, s.f. mirrors:`na-dr, s.m. Mirror-holder (an
Unsuitableness, incongruity, impropriety, officer at Eastern courts);(met.) a
unworthiness. mendicant;`na-dr, s.f. Holding a mirror;
the office of mirror-holder:`na-dn, s.m.
S a-yogya, adj. & s.m. Unfit, Case for a mirror:`na dikhn or dikhln,
To show the looking-glass or mirror (as an
improper; incapahle; undeserving;an Indian barber does on his rounds, when he
undeserving person, &c. wishes to know if his services are required); to
hold up the mirror to one, to show one what he
S evam, adv. So, thus, also; yes. is:`na dekhna, To look at the face in a
glass:`na-r, adj. Having a face as bright as
H ya, s.f. Nurse, &c.=y, q.v. a mirror:`na-sz, s.m. Mirror maker or
manufacturer;`na-sz, s.f. The trade of
mirror-making; the manufacture of looking-
P ya, s.m.=yat, q.v.

249
glasses:`na-e-sikandar, s.m. A mirror of
polished steel (attributed to Alexander):
`na-faroz, s.m. An instrument for polishing
mirrors:`na-maall, s.m. An apartment, the
walls of which are covered with mirrors;
mirror-chamber.

250
 shauq, adv. With pleasure, willingly:b-

bita, adj. According to rule, regular, formal,
in conformity with precedent;adv. En rgle,
according to custom or usage; with a
douceur:b-q`ida, adj. Regular, according
H be; ba; The second letter of the Urd or to rule, formal:b-qarna, adj. In order,
Hindstn (and of the Persian and Arabic) orderly, well-arranged, regular, methodical;
alphabet, and the twenty-third consonant of the symmetrical, uniform:b-murd, adj. & adv.
Ngar alphabet,the third of the labial class. With (one's) object attained; along with the
(It is sounded like our b; and when used object of (one's) desire; successful;according
numerically according to the abjad (q.v.), it to (one's) wish, as one would wish: b-
stands for two. By way of abbreviation it is muruwwat, adj. Humane; kind, obliging,
occasionally written for the Arabic month courteous, affable, civil:b-maza, adj.
rajab, of which word it is the first letter. In Tasteful; delicious:b-wujd, b-wujde-k,
words from the Sanskrit, ba is commonly b-wasf, adv. Along with the fact (that),
substituted for va or wa; and, generally notwithstanding, although, withal, in spite of:
speaking, v or w is liable to be changed to b, b-wa`, adv. Mannerly, politely,
e.g. aber for aver; seb for sew. It is also respectfully:b-waf, adj. Sincere, faithful.
interchangeable with m and p, e.g. baur = maul;
narbad = narmad; bdshh = pdshh): H b, conj. Or, either (=v).
ba-kr, s.m. The letter or sound b.
A bb, s.m. Door, gate; chapter, section,
S ba, s.m. Name of Varuna, god of the division (of a book), head, heading; subject,
waters; water; ocean; the sun. affair, business, topic, matter, particular, case;
head of accounts, cess, tax;postposn. In the
P ba, insep. prep. (the sep. form being ba), matter (of, -ke), in the case (of), in respect (of),
With, by, for, from, in, into, to, up to, on, upon with regard (to), about:bbu`-t-taubat, s.m.
(e.g. ba-sn, adv. With ease, easily). The door of repentance:bb-wr, bb-yft,
s.m. Classified items entered (as fields, &c.)
A bi, prep. By, with, from, in, into; near, on, under their proper heads;bb-wr, s.f.
according to, for, towards. (In Urd it occurs Classification.
only in comp. with a substantive defined by the
Arabic article al, 'the'; e.g. bi`l-lh, By God; H P bb [S. or ; cf. bb and
bi`l-ittifq, adv. By chance, &c.) bp], s.m. Father; grandfather; old man, sir, sire
(respectfully); a says, a faqr; the head of the
P b, prep. With, by; possessed of (opp. to be, order of monks called Calendars or Qalandar; a
'without'):b-br, adj. & adv. Honourable, form of address used by beggars in addressing
respectable; with honour, honourably, the master of a house, and vice vers; (amongst
respectably:b-ittifq, adj. & adv. With native servants of European masters), child,
concord or harmony; harmoniously; children:bb-jn, Father dear! dear
unanimously:b-asar, adj. & adv. Notable, child!:bb-log, s.m. Children.
remarkable; effectual; with effect, effectively,
effectually:b-il, adj. Sincere, cordial: P bbat (for A. ), s.f. Account, head,
b-adab, adj. & adv. & intj. Possessed of good item (of account), article, business, affair,
manners or good breeding, polite; according to matter (=bb);postposn. On account (of, -k
good breeding, politely, respectfully;by your or -ke?), for, concerning, respecting, as to, in
leave! pardon me!:b-n-ki, adv. & conj. the matter (of):bbat-wr, adj. According to
Even with that, notwithstanding that; entry (=bb-wr):bbat-wr, s.f. Anything
although:b-mn, adj. Faithful; religious: which is registered or entered in a general
b-barakt, adj. Blessed, fortunate, prosperous; statement of accounts: bbat-yft, s.f. The
fortunate in every undertaking, and particular items of an account, classified items
communicating good fortune to everything one (=bb-yft).
is concerned in; productive of advantage and
success:b-tadbr, adj. Prudent; with good H bbar [S. ?], s.m. A kind of
counsel, with deliberation:b-tamz, adj.
grass (of which a sort of twine is made, and
Discreet, judicious:b-ay, adj. Modest,
which is used for bed-strings and for
bashful:b-abar, adj. Informed, thatching);a kind of sweetmeat (=bwar).
intelligent:b-ud, adj. Pious, godly:b-
shu`r, adj. Wise, intelligent, sagacious:b- H bbar, s.m.=bwar.

251
 H bpur, bpr (in Braj.)
H b-birang, s.m.=b`e-birang,
bprau, = H bp [S. ? lit.
q.v.
'fatherless`?], adj. Poor, helpless, destitute.

H bbriy [S. +], s.m.

H bp [S. ? lit. 'fatherless`?], =
Head of hair (a man's,long and uncut).
H bpur, bpr (inBraj.)
A bbul, prop. n. Babel, or Babylon. bprau, adj. Poor, helpless, destitute.

A bbul, adj. & s.m. Of or pertaining to S bpik, s.f.=b`ol, q.v.

Babylon, Babylonish;a Babylonian.
H bph [S. ; Prk. ], s.f.
H bban (corr. from the English), s.f.
Steam, vapour, exhalation (=bhp).
Bobbin:bban-nai, s.f. Bobbin-net.
H bp [S. ], s.f. Large oblong
H bbn, s.f. A snake's hole
reservoir; pond, pool.
(=bbh, q.v.).
H bt [S. 'News,' &c.; Prk. ],
H bb [S. or +; cf. bb],
s.f. Speech, language, word, saying,
s.m. Prince, noble, man of family or distinction;
conversation, talk, gossip, report, discourse,
a title of respect (as) Sir, Mr., Esqre.; young news, tale, story, account; thing, affair, matter,
master; father; a term of endearment applied to business, concern, fact, case, circumstance,
children;a clerk or writer in an office. occurrence, object, particular, article, proposal,
aim, cause, question, subject:bt bt-me,
A bbl, adj.=bbul, q.v. adv. In every word, in every case or instance,
on every occasion, for the least thing; in every
H bbl, s.f.=babur, q.v. particular, in every respect, throughout,
altogether:bt bdhn, To sophisticate, to
P bbna, s.m. Camomile; camomile prevaricate:bt-bir, s.m. Logic:bt
flowers;wild ivy, Anthemis nobilis. badaln, To depart from (one's) word, to say
one thing and do another; to equivocate,
H bbhan, s.m. Name of a caste of prevaricate, shuffle:bt bahn, To prolong
a contest or dispute, to spin out or continue an
bastard Brhmans concerning whose origin
altercation; to make a serious affair of:bt
many curious legends are current.
bign or big-den, To mar a plot, to spoil;
to thwart, frustrate; to ruin one's credit, bring
H bp [S. ], s.m. Father; senior, disgrace upon:bt bigan, To lose credit,
elder, superior:bp-bp, intj. A cry for help, become bankrupt, be ruined:bt bann, To
quarter, or mercy:bp bann, bp karn, v.t. talk much; to make up a story; to invent
To consider or regard as a father:bp-tak excuses, to concoct, fabricate; to talk grandly,
jn, To go the length of abusing one's to boast, bounce:bt-ban, bt-ban`, s.m.
father:bp-j, Dear or honoured father:bp- One who makes excuses; time-server:bt
dd, s.m. Ancestors, forefathers; family, bann, To be snccessful, prove a success,
pedigree:bp-re, bp-re-bp, bp-mer, intj. answer well; to gain credit or honour, to
Exclamations of surprise, grief, &c.:bp-k prosper, flourish:bt pn, To attain (one's)
hon or ho-jn (-ke), To be regarded as an object or end, effect (one's) purpose; to get to
inheritance from (one's) father, to be kept as the bottom of an affair, to fathom a design or
one's own property (applied in the case of object:bt-par n, To be bent or set upon, to
property, &c. which is borrowed and never insist; to hold or establish a position or point,
returned):bp-mre-k bair, s.m. Blood-feud &c.:bt pakan (-k), To seize censoriously
caused by the murder of a father; family- on what is said, to carp or cavil (at):bt
feud:bp-haty, s.f. Parricide. palan, bt phern, To go back from one's
word; to prevaricate, shuffle, &c. (=bt
H bptism (from the Gr. badaln):bt-phn = bl khuln, q.v.:bt
), s.m. Baptism (see baptism). phn, To put a question (to), inquire (of, -se);
to inquire (after); to evince concern, care, or
feeling, &c. (for):b phekn, To talk (at),

252
to taunt, jeer, mock:bt ln, To put off; to (-k), To put in a word whilst another is
make excuses; to evade:bt ab-jn, To speaking, to interrupt (one) in speaking (=bt
swallow one's words:bt aln, To talk (of, kn):bt-me-se bt nikln, To drag out
-k), to converse, broach conversation, start a or prolong an argument or dispute; to carp or
subject:bt hn, To talk much, &c.=bt cavil at an argument, to convict or refute one
bann, q.v.:bt-hen, To broach from his own lips; to draw inferences from; to
conversation, &c. (=bt aln); to trake lup or learn from:bt-me farq n, To lose credit
renew a dispute or altercation:bt-t, s.f. or repute, &c. (=bt bigan, q.v.):bt-me f
Talk, conversation, discourse;bt-t karn, nikln, To pick holes in an argument, to find
To talk, converse, &c.;bt dohrn, To fault with, criticize closely, cavil at:bt-me
repeat a thing, to harp on a thing:bt girn or gir-den, To overcome in argument,
dharn, To persist in making excuses, to put to confute:bt-niks, s.m. Deductive logic:
off, evade, shuffle:bt ln, To throw away bt hkn, To talk much, spin a yarn, make up
one's words, to ask in vain; to ask for, request; a story, &c. (=bt bann):bt halk hon,
to propose:bt rakhn or rakh-len, To agree, bt he hon, To be of little esteem, to be
assent, comply; to keep one's credit; to assist: without credit or esteem:bto bto, adv. In
bt rahn, To have (one's) words made good; to the course of speech or conversation:bto-
be fulfilled or accomplished (declarations); to k jh bdhn, To pour out a string of words,
succeed; to overcome, get the better in to talk without ceasing:bto-me un, To
argument, to prevail; to be accepted; to preserve put off; turn off with a jest:bto-me n or
perfect:bt-k batakkar karn, To multiply -jn, To be taken in, cajoled, deceived:
words, talk much, make much of little, to
bto-me bahln, To beguile with words,
exaggerate:bt-k pakk, bt-k pr, bt-k
divert one's attention; to delude with fair
sa, adj. True to one's word, faithful to one's
speeches:bto-me dhar-len, To overcome
promise, trustworthy;bt-k bt-me, adv. In
or excel in argument or conversation:bto-
a word, in an instant, suddenly:bt kn, To
me lagn, To entangle (one) in talk, engage
cut one's speech short, speak when another is
(one) in conversation, occupy (one's)
speaking, to interrupt; to break the thread of a
discourse:bt kurs-nishn hon, (One's attention:bte baghrn, lit. 'To season
speech) to be approved or accepted:bt one's speech'; to talk grandly; to talk at a great
karn, To speak, talk, converse, &c. (=bte rate:bte iknn, lit. 'To oil one's words';
karn, bt-t karn):bt-ko pn or p-jn, to have an oily tongue, to flatter, gammon:
To swallow or gulp down one's words; to bear bte sunn, To speak harshly (to), censure,
in silence, wait, have patience, suppress one's reproach; to revile, abuse; to repeat one's story
feelings:bt-ko (kis-ke) muh-se le-jn, To or adventures, tell one's tale:bte sunn, To
take the words out of (one's) mouth; to listen to what is said, lend an attentive ear, to
anticipate one in speaking of or mentioning a heed; to bear or brook reviling, abuse, &c.:
thing:bt-khuln or khul-jn, To leak out, bte karn, To converse, discourse, &c. (=bt
become known or public, be discovered, to karn):bte lagn, To tell tales (of), speak,
transpire:bt kahn, To speak (of), tell, say; ill (of), to misrepresent, calumniate, backbite:
to talk, discourse:bt kahte, bt karte-me, bten mi-ln, To concur (with), be in harmony
adv. In an instant, all at once:bt gahn, To (with), agree (with).
frame (one's) speech or words carefully; to
speak to the purpose, or with effect:bt H bt [S. ], s.m. Pain in the joints,
lagn, To speak (of or about), make rheumatism.
arrangements (for), negotiate; to impute (to),
charge (with), to calumniate, traduce:bt P A ba-ittifq, adv. With the consent (of, -
lagn, To feel, or be impressed by, one's words; ke), in agreement or unison (with); with one
to be offended:bt mrn, To turn off, evade, consent, concurrently, conjointly,
or divert a discourse; to nullify a speech or harmoniously, unanimously (=bi`l-ittifq, q.v.).
saying; to silence, refute, rebut; to speak at,
taunt; to snub, put down:bt mnn, bt H btn, = H
qab, karn, To heed or mind what is said, to
obey; to admit, accept, agree to, comply with: btniy, [S. + +?], adj. & s.m.
bt mat karo, Hold your tongue! be silent!: Talkative, loquacious, garrulous;a talkative
bt man-me basn, To remain in the memory, or garrulous person; great talker, prater, chatter-
be kept or borne in mind:bt-me, adv. In a box (syn. bat-ban).
short time, in a little while, in a moment:bt-
me bt kahn, bt-me boln, bt-me pan

253
H btniy, = H
H b [S. ], s.f. Site of a building,
btn, [S. + +?], adj. & s.m.
place; house, dwelling, habitation, home;
Talkative, loquacious, garrulous;a talkative
garden-house, villa; garden, enclosure, &c.
or garrulous person; great talker, prater, chatter-
box (syn. bat-ban). (=b, q.v.); the groin; rod, mace.

P bj [rt. Zend baz; S. bhaj], s.m.f. (?),

H bt, s.f. Wick of a lamp, &c.=batt, Tribute, tax, toll, duty, impost, cess:bj-dr,
q.v. bj-gr, s.m. Collector of tribute or revenue;
tax-gatherer:bj den, To pay tribute, &c.:
H b [S. , , ], s.f. m. (?), bj-gh, s.f. Toll-gate; custom-house; revenue
Way, road, path, track, footpath, byway:b office:bj-gur, bj-guzr, s.m. A tributary
john, b dekhn (-k), To watch or look out (king, &c.); feudatory or dependent state; one
who pays taxes, duties, &c.
(for), to await, expect (syn. rh dekhn):b
aln, v.n. To go along a road, to travel,
H bj, prep. Without, in the absence of (=ba-
journey:b dikhn (-ko), To show the road
juz.The word is used by the poet Wal, and
(to); to direct (one) on (his) way; to guide;to
would appear to be peculiar to Southern India).
keep one waiting or in expectation:b-
dikh`, s.m. Guide, conductor:b rokn, To
close or obstruct a road; to stop (one) on a H bj, s.m. Horse (=bj, q.v.).
road:b-sr, s.m. Traveller:b kn,
To get over a road, to travel, &c. (=b H bj, s.m. Hawk (=bz, of which it is a
aln):b-gh, adv. Somewhere or other corruption).
(com. b-gh):b hern (-k), To scan the
road, to look out (for), &c.=b john, q.v. H bj [S. +, rt. ], s.m.
Musical instrument; instrumental music,
H b [S. , or , rt. ], s.m. A music:bj bajn, To play on a musical
measure of weight, a weight:b-tarz, s.m. instrument; to strike up (music):bj-
Weights and scales:b-hp, s.m. Stamping bajattar, bj-bajantar, s.m. Band of
weights and measures; the stamp on weights, musicians, or of music (=bajantar):bj-
&c. (to guarantee their genuineness):b- gj, s.m. Various musical in struments; sound
hap`, b-hp, s.f. Weight-stamping; fee or clanguor of many and various musical
charged for stamping weights:b hn, b instruments (also bj-gj):bje-wl, s.m.
han, To make a weight; to test the Maker or vendor of musical instruments; player
genuineness of a weight; to make trial (in on any instrument of music, musician
respect of, -se), to test; to harass, annoy (used (=bjantar).
by Hind women).
H = H bjr [S. +, 'food'],
H b, s.m. Share, &c.=b, q.v. s.m. A species of panic or millit, panicum
spicatum (it is, par excellence, the 'food' of the
poorer classes):bjr-s bikharn, 'To be
H bik [S. ], s.f. Villa,
scattered like bjr'; to be restless, uneasy,
&c.=b and b, q.q.v. disturbed; to be weary or tired:bjr-murg,
s.m. A speckled fowl (particularly a black fowl
H bn, = H bhn, v.t. with yellow spots of the size of a grain of
To share, &c.=bn, q.v. bjr).

H bhn, = H bn, v.t. H = H bjr [S. +, 'food'],

To share, &c.=bn, q.v.
H b, s.f. dim. of b, Way, path,
&c.:b-gh, adv. Somewhere or other
(=b-gh).
H b [S. ], s.f. Cake of bread
baked upon cinders.
s.m. A species of panic or millit, panicum
spicatum (it is, par excellence, the 'food' of the
poorer classes):bjr-s bikharn, 'To be
scattered like bjr'; to be restless, uneasy,
disturbed; to be weary or tired:bjr-murg,
s.m. A speckled fowl (particularly a black fowl
with yellow spots of the size of a grain of
bjr).

254
H bjr (dim. of bjr), s.f. A kind corners of the mouth to open'; to be pleased, to
be delighted; to laugh intensely.
of millet smaller than bjr.

H bh [S. ], s.m. Calf

H bj-gj, s.m.=bj-gj,
q.v.s.v. bj. (=bah); young of any animal (=baa).

H bjan (Braj. pl. of bj), s.m. H bhal, s.m. Name of a tribe of

Instruments of music:bjan-bj, s.m. Idem. Rjpts about Aligarh.

H bjn [bj = Prk. ()=S. H bhn [S. ], v.t. To

choose, select, cull, separate, pick out (syn.
(), pass. of the caus. of rt. ], v.n. To unn, hnn, binn).
sound (as a musical instrument, &c.); to strike
(as a clock); to ring, resound (=bajn); to be H bya, s.m. Sentence, &c.=vya,
published; to be known, be notorious or famous
(as);v.t. To sound, play upon, &c.=bajn, q.v.
q.v.
P b = ba, q.v.
H bjantar [S. ++ ],
P bta, perf. part. [of btan; rt. Zend
s.m. Musician; band of musicians;s.f. A tax baz; S. bhaj], Played; staked; lost, beaten (at
exacted (under Moammadan rule) from play).
musicians, professional singers, and dancing
girls:bjan tar maall, s.m. The quarter of a P ba, s.m. Tortoise; turtle.
town inhabited by musicians.
P bd [Pehl. vt; Zend, vta; S. vta], s.f.
H bj (P. bz, S. ], s.m. Arm; Wind, air, breeze:bd-bn, s.m. Sail (of a
ornament worn on the arm, armlet; fold of a boat, &c.); a vessel in which a lamp is placed
door; door-post, side-frame of a door, &c. (see for protection from the wind:bd-p, adj. &
bz):bj-bandh, bj-band, s.m. Armlet s.m. Having feet like the wind, fleet; swift
(=bz-band). horse, fleet steed:bd-paima, adj. Swift,
&c.=bd-p;s.m. A worthless person who
H bj, s.f. Corr. of bz, q.v. cares not what he says; idle talker, false
speaker; one busied in useless labour:bd-e-
tund, s.f. Violent wind, storm:bd-ya s.m.
H bj [S. ], s.m. Horse. The rupture:bd-raftr, adj. Swift as the
wind, &c.=bd-p;bd-zan, s.m. Fan,
T bj, s.f. Elder sister. ventilator:bd-e samm, s.f. A hot
pestilential wind, the simoom:bd sanj, adj.
H b, s.f. Speech, &c.=v, q.v. Idly speculative, vain, proud;s.m. One who
builds castles in the air:bd-se bt karn, To
go very quickly, to be very swift (=haw-se
H bak, adj. & s.m.=vak, q.v. bte karn):bd-e-shurta, s.f. Fair or
favourable wind:bd-e-ab, s.f. Morning
H bn, v.t. & n. To read, breeze, zephyr, refreshing wind:bd-e-
&c.=bn, q.v. farang, s.f. The pox; St. Anthony's fire:bd-
firosh, s.m. Flatterer; boaster; (in India,
H bh (see bhn), s.f. Selection, generally,) a Bh, a musician or minstrel:
bd-kash, s.m. Fan, punkah, ventilator,
separation; proportionate rate, rate of thermantidote; bellows:bd-gird, s.m.
distribution, assessment on a share; Whirlwind:bd-e-mulif, s.f. Contrary
subscription, portion, share, division;slit or
wind, foul wind:bd-e-muwfiq, bd-e-
corner of the mouth;adj. Set aside, useless:
murd. s.f. Fair wind, favourable wind:bd-
bh-barr, s.m. Adjustment of liabilities,
mohra, s.m. Antidote for snake-bite:bd-
&c.=bh:bh-ln, To raise by
num, s.m. A weathercock, vane; flag:bd-
subscription; to levy a tax:bhe-n, To
haw`, adj. Wandering, vagrant; senseless,
have a pain or inflammation at the corners of unmeaning; useless;s.f. Senselessness;
the lips:bhe khiln or khil-jn, lit. 'The uselessness, fruitlessness; waste.

255
 H bdar, s.m.=bdal, q.v.
H bd [S. ], s.m. Speech, discourse;
assertion, affirmation; statement; debate, S bdar, adj. & s.m. Made of
discussion, dispute, controversy, words,
cotton;the cotton plant.
contention, altercation, strife; lawsuit, action,
case, plaint, accusation, claim, plea;charge,
commission:bdnubd (i.e. vda+anuvda, H bdur [S. ], s.m. Flying fox;
s.m. Dispute, altercation, &c.:bd karn, v.n. bat.
To argue (with, -se), to dispute, discuss; to
contest, contend (for), bring an action (against); A bd-ranj, = P bd-rang, (cf. S.
to wrangle, to regard. vta-ranga), s.m. Orange; kind of citron; a
species of cucumber:bd-rang-boya, or A.
H bd [S. ], s.f. Rheumatism (=bd, bd-ranj-bya, s.m. Mountain-balm, Arabian
balm; citronel.
q.v.); alloy, adulteration; remission of revenue
or rent on account of a bad season.
P bd-rang, = A bd-ranj, (cf. S.
vta-ranga), s.m. Orange; kind of citron; a
P bd [contr. from buvd, optat. of bdan;
species of cucumber:bd-rang-boya, or A.
the termn. d = Zend yt, 3rd sing. pot=S. ], bd-ranj-bya, s.m. Mountain-balm, Arabian
Let it be, so be it, may it be, may it continue to balm; citronel.
be:bd, May it be, God grant it.
P bd-rangn, s.m. A species of large
H bdr, s.m. A large house; a cucumber (cf. bd-rang).
granary raised on piles.
P bd-resa, = P bd-resha, s.m. A
whirl; a circular piece of wood or leather at the
P bdm, vulg. badm (=S. ), s.m. end of a spindle or distaff to wind the thread
Almond, Amygdalus communis; an Indian fruit upon; the round piece of wood, or the cap, at
resembling the almond, Terminalia catappa the upper end of a tent-pole.
(the catapang of the Malay countries, called, in
India, the country almond). P bd-resha, = P bd-resa, s.m. A
whirl; a circular piece of wood or leather at the
P bdma, s.m. A silkworm in the aurelia end of a spindle or distaff to wind the thread
or chrysalis state;a kind of silk; a faqir's dress upon; the round piece of wood, or the cap, at
made of rags sewn together. the upper end of a tent-pole.

P bdm, adj. & s.m. Almond-coloured; P bdriya, s.m. A ventilator suspended

almond-shaped; composed of or containing from the roof of a house to increase the
almonds;a dish of which almonds form the circulation of air and drive away flies; pankah.
chief ingredient; a eunuch (particularly one
born with a rudimentary penis); a kind of H bdshh (for pdshh, q.v.), s.m. King,
rice:bdm kh, s.f. Almond-shaped eye; monarch, sovereign; lord, master; a proficient
placid, sleepy eye. (in, -k):bdshh-zda, s.m. King's son,
prince;bdshh-zd, s.f. Princess:
H bdnya, adj.=vdnya, q.v. bdshh-kush, s.m. King-killer, regicide:
bdshh-kush, s.f. King-killing, regicide.
P A bl-bq, s.f. Subtraction (in
P bdshhna, adj. & adv. Royal,
Arithmetic).
imperial, princely;kingly, royally, princely, in
a royal or princely manner or fashion.
H bda-bibd, see s.v. vd.
P bdshhat, s.f. Kingdom, realm,
P bd-or (i.e. bl+or), s.m. A empire, dominion, state, rule, government,
disease in horses which causes the hair to fall sway; royalty, sovereignty:bdshhat karn
off. (-k), To rule (over), to reign, govern (syn. rj
karn).
P bd-or, s.m. Scald-head, Tinea
capitis. P bdshh, adj. & s.f. Kingly, royal,
regal, sovereign, imperial;royalty,
sovereignty, sway, rule (=bdshhat):

256
bdshh aqq, s.m. Royal prerogative: danger; cord or tape of a bedstead (=naw,
bdshh ukm, s.m. Royal edict or mandate: &c.); smaller division of an estate; plain, desert.
bdshh ar, s.m. Royal or princely
expenditure; expenditure from the privy H bdh [S. +], s.m. Increase,
purse:bdshh sanad, s.f. Royal grant or augmentation, advance, progress, premium.
charter; a written document conveying lands or
titles from the ruling power; royal tenure, grant
of rent-free land:bdshh 'adlat, s.f. Royal S bdh, s.f. Obstruction,
court, His (or Her) Majesty's court:bdshh impediment, &c. (=bdh); refutation; pain,
karn (-me), To rule (in or over), to reign affliction, distress, anguish:bdh-krak,
(=bdshhat karn):bdshh gharn, s.m. bdh-kr, adj. & s.m. Obstructive; obstructer,
Royal family, dynasty; royal household: &c.=bdhak, q.v.:bdh karn, t. To afflict,
bdshh ml, s.m. Royal or state property, distress, pain.
estates belonging to the crown.
S bdhit, part. Obstructed,
P bdshah, s.m. Poet. for bdshh, q.v. impeded; pained, afflicted, tormented.

H bdal [S. , or ], s.m. S bdhak, adj. & s.m. Obstructive,

Cloud; sponge:bdal phan, Clouds to hindering; annoying; painful; damaging;
disperse, to become clear (the sky):bdal obstructer, opponent, foe; obstacle, hindrance,
hn, To lower, be overcast (the sky). impediment.

H = H , bdl [S. ], s.m. S bdhan, s.m. Opposing, hindering;

Gold or silver cloth, brocade of silken stuff obstruction, impeding; refutation; pain.
variegated (=lapp); gold or silver thread.
H bdhn, v.t. To oppose, hinder,
H = H , bdl [S. ], s.m. obstruct, resist, check, thwart, frustrate.
Gold or silver cloth, brocade of silken stuff
variegated (=lapp); gold or silver thread. S bdh, adj. & s.m.=bdhak, q.v.

H bdl, s.f. Silk cloth embroidered

S bdhya, adj. Requiring to be
with silver, brocade (=bdl, q.v.).
checked, stopped, &c. (see bdh).
H bdal, s.f.=badl, bdal, q.q.v.
H bd [S. ], s.m. Speaking,
P bdam, s.m.=bdm, q.v. discoursing, asserting, affirming, &c.; speaker,
propounder, debater, arguer, disputant; accuser,
complainant, plaintiff, suitor, prosecutor;
H bdn [S. ], v.n. To speak, mischief-maker; enemy; (in Hind theology),
discourse; to dispute, argue, wrangle, &c. (=bd expounder of the laws and sacred writings, a
karn, q.v.s.v. bd); to play on an instrument; sage; (in music), key-note:bd-or, s.m.
to sound, strike (as a clock). Inveterate thief.

P bdanjn, bdinjn, s.m. The egg- P bd (rel. n. of bd, q.v.), adj. & s.f.
plant, Solanum melongen (syn. baigan). Rheumatic; producing or causing flatulence;
cold and damp;rheumatism; flatulence;
P bda (rel. adj. from bd, q.v.), s.m. anything of a baneful or mischievous character,
Intoxicating liquor, wine, spirits (syn. mischief, disturbance, calamity:bd
sharb):bda-parast, adj. & s.m. Addicted to phailn, To spread mischief, &c.; to cause a
wine; wine-bibber, drunkard:bda-kash, s.m. disturbance; to cause or induce indolence or
Wine-drawer;bda-kash, s.f. Wine- inertness (by yawning, or any diversion):
drawing:bda-gusr, bda-nosh, s.m. Wine- bd-k badan, s.m. Bloated body; corpulence.
bibber:bda-go`, s.f. Talking foolishly or
largely, raving (like an intoxicated man; syn. A bad, act. part. (of ' to appear'),
jhak):bda-nosh, s.f. Wine-drinking. Appearing, beginning; beginner, author; first (in
comp.):bdiya`n-nazar, adv. At the first
S bdh, s.m. Prohibition, hindrance, glance, at first sight (=dekhte-h).
opposition, obstruction; annoyance; damage:

257
P bdyn, s.m. Sweet fennel; anise-seed God! Great God!:br-ba`, s.f. Division of
(=sauf). the crops by sheaves or shocks before the corn
is trodden out:br-bar, adj.=next, q.v.:br-
P bdiya, s.m. A large cup, goblet, bowl bar-dr, adj. & s.m. Burden-bearing; burden-
(generally of copper or brass). bearer, porter, carrier, beast of burden; cart;
br-bardr, s.f. Means of conveyance,
A bdiya, s.m. Desert, wilderness; forest, carriage, transport; cost of conveyance, cart-
jungle. hire, camel-hire, &c.; freight, transit charges;
lading, cargo;br-bardr-ke jnwar, s.m.
S bav, s.m. A Brhman; Beasts of burden; draught cattle; cattle:br-
bils, s.m. Whoremongery;br-bilsin, s.f.
submarine fire:bav-nal, s.m. A fire under
Harlot (=br-str);br-bils, s.m.
water.
Whoremonger:br-e-taraddud, s.m. The
burden of disproof or rebutment:br-e-jahz,
H bh (see next), s.f. Stubble. s.m. Ship's cargo, cargo:br-e-tir, s.m.
Load or trouble of mind; tiresomeness:br-
H bhn [S. ], v.t. To cut, na, s.m. Warehouse:br-e-
divide, cut off; to shear. ud or udy, br-ud or udy, intj.
H br, s.f.=b, q.v. Lord God! Great God (=br-e-ilh):br-
dr, adj. Loaded; laden with fruit; fruitful;
H br, s.m.=bl, 'hair' q.v.;also=bl, pregnant; br-dr, s.f. Fruitfulness:=br-dna,
'child'; and bl, 'girl,' q.q.v. s.m. Supplies, provisions; bags, &c. in which
H P br [Zend vr; S. ], s.f. Time, provisions are kept; vessels, utensils;
implements or apparatus of a trade:br
turn; occasion, opportunity; delay; (and,
den (-ko), To load; to impose, give trouble,
in Hind) s.m. Day of the week; Saturday;
encumber:br-kash, s.m. Beast of burden (as
prohibition, obstacle, obstruction, &c.;
an ox, elephant, &c.); burden-bearer, porter,
(in Hind and Urd), gate, door, door-way,
carrier; cart, truck, &c. (=bhr-kas):br-gr,
threshold, entrance; admission, admittance;
s.m. Beast of burden:br-war, adj. Fruitful:
permission; (in Urd and Persian), sitting of a
plentiful.
sovereign, &c. to give audience, court
P br, act. part. [of brdan =
or leve (cf. dar-br), tribunal, assembly,
convention, congress;a suffix forming Persian Pehl. vrntan; Zend vr; S. ] , Raining,
'nouns of multitude,' e.g. sang-br, jo`e-br, shedding, scattering (used as last member of
q.q.v.:br-br, adv. Time after time, again compounds, e.g. gauhar-br, adj. Scattering
and again, repeatedly; constantly, every pearls).
moment; several times, often (=ka` br);br- H br [S. ] , s.m. Water.
br-karke, adv. After several times or turns:
H br, = H br, s.m. Perquisite
br-e-, s.m. Private court or hall of
audience, privy-council chamber:br den (- of the ahr or cowherd in milk (generally the
ko), To give admission, to admit; to give milk of every eighth day).
permission:br-ruk`, s.f. lit. 'Stoppage at H br, = H br, s.m. Perquisite
the gate'; money exacted by the bridegroom's of the ahr or cowherd in milk (generally the
sister before allowing the bride and bridegroom milk of every eighth day).
to enter the latter's house:br-str, br-nr,
H br (see bhr), s.m. Drawing
s.f. Common woman, harlot:br-e-`m, s.m.
Public court, public audience:br-gh, s.f. water for irrigation; the song sung whilst
Place of audience, court; palace:br-gh-e- drawing water; the man who stands over the
, s.f.=br-e-, q.v.:br-gh-e-`m, well to tilt the leathern bucket (moor ara)
when it is drawn up.
s.f.=br-e-`m, q.v.:br lagn, v.n. To
delay, to hesitate; to place obstacles in the way; H br, s.m. The process of wire-
to raise objections:br-yb, s.f. Admission, drawing (through the jantr).
admittance, access; audience;br-yb-e- H br = bl, q.v.
darbr, s.f. Admission to a court or leve.
H br (from vta), s.m. Wind,
P br (S. ), s.m. Load, burden; cargo;
&c.=bayr, q.v.
weight, heaviness; onus; pregnancy; fruit,
produce; (in Persian phrases), greatness, H br, adj. Twelve (=brah, q.v.):
dignity; God;adj. Heavy, burdensome, hard br-jor, s.f. lit. 'Twelve-fold force (zor)';
to be borne:br-e-ilh or ilh, intj. Lord force, violence, compulsion;adv. By force;
br-jor karn, To use force, bear strongly

258
upon, to press, constrain, compel:br- A briz (act. part. of ' to issue'), adj. &
dar and br-singh, see s.v. brah:br- s.m. Issuing, coming forth; apparent,
kha, s.f. (in Gram.), The aggregate of the manifest;who or what comes forth; (in Arith.)
twelve short vowels of the Ngar alphabet in the sum total or gross amount.
combination with consonants (e.g. ka, k, ki, k, P brish (abst. S. fr. brdan, 'to rain,'
&c.); a kind of song, every line of which begins see brn), s.f. Rain (=meh;cf. S. varsh).
with a consonant. A braka`llh, May God prosper or
H brbr, adv.=br-br, bless you (a phrase expressive of approbation).
P brg (see br, 'time'), s.f. Time, turn
and brambr, q.q.v.
(occurring only in comp., e.g. ek brg, adv. All
H brt, s.f. Marriage at once).
procession=bart, q.v. P br-gr (br, 'horse'+gr, rt. of giriftan,
P ba-irda, adj. With the intention or 'to take'), s.m. A trooper who is mounted by the
design, intending. state or the chief he serves, a trooper who does
P brn, act. part. [of brdan, 'to rain,' not find his own horse;a groom, syce
Pehl. vrn; Zend vra; S. vr], Raining, &c. (=blgr).
(=br, q.v.);s.m. Rain; rainy season. H brambr [S. ], adv.
P brn (rel. n. from brn), adj.
Time after time, again and again, repeatedly
Depending or rain;s.f. Land depending on
(=br-br, q.v.).
rain, unirrigated land (in contradistinction
to h, q.v.); a woollen coat or cloak to protect H bra [S. ], s.m. Forbidding,
one from the rain, overcoat, water-proof: prohibiting, preventing, warding off, guarding;
brn khet, s.m. A field the irrigation of which resistance, opposition, prohibition, defence,
is dependent on rain. protection; armour, mail; an elephant.
H brh [S. ], s.m. Hog, boar; H brn [S. ], v.t. To forbid,
the third or boar-incarnation of Vishu (in prohibit, &c.;v.n. To leave off; to separate.
which he raised the earth from the bottom of the H brn, v.t. To light, &c.=bln,
sea with his tusks); the earth or land so raised; q.v.
land next to a village (see barh and varh). H brambr,
H brh, adj. & s.f. Relating to a adv.= brambr, q.v.
boar, or to the third incarnation;land next to a
village (=brt); a sow. H br-amb (br, 'fruit,+amb,
T brut = brd, q.v. 'mango'), s.m. Fruit of mango trees; revenue
H brt [S. ], s.f. Conversation, derived from mango groves.
P brandag (abst. s. fr. next), s.f. Rain,
&c.=bt, q.v.:brt-lbh, s.f. The advantages raining.
of conversation; conversation, discourse;
P branda [br, 'raining,' q.v.+Zend a =
exhortation, preaching.
S. ant], adj. & s.m. Raining;that which rains
P bri-tang, br-tang (br 'fruit'+tang,
or showers.
q.v.), s.m. Plantain; seed of fleawort.
H bru, brn [S. ],
H brij [S. +], s.m. lit. 'Water-
s.f. Spirituous liquors, spirits.
born'; lotus; conch-shell, any bivalve shell;
salt:brij-nayan, adj. Lotus-eyed. H br, s.m.=bl, q.v.
P brjt, s.m. An oppressive custom of H br, s.m.=blak, 'child,' q.v.
forcing to purchase goods above the market-
price. H br, s.f.=brd, q.v.
P brj`e, s.m.=brjt, q.v.;free grant H braw, brw, adj.=brah-
of a spot of ground made by a zamndr to any w, q.v.
one of his relations.
P brja, = P bra, (dim. of br), P brt, = P brd, s.f.
s.m. Small door, postern; verandah, portico; Gunpowder:brd-na, s.m. Powder
sun-shade. magazine; powder manufactory:brd-gol,
P bra, = P brja, (dim. of br), s.m. Powder and shot, ammunition.
s.m. Small door, postern; verandah, portico; P brd, = P brt, s.f.
sun-shade. Gunpowder:brd-na, s.m. Powder
H brid [S. +, rt. ], s.m. Cloud magazine; powder manufactory:brd-gol,
(=bdal). s.m. Powder and shot, ammunition.
A brid, adj. Cold, frigid; congealed; firm, P bra (from br), s.m. Time, turn; regard,
solid, established. respect:bre-me (-ke), In respect of,

259
concerning (e.g. kis-ke bre-me, In respect of H br, s.m. (f. brin), s.m. A caste
whom?). of Hinds who sew together broad leaves to
H brah, br, s.m. Land next to, serve as platters; a seller of pn or betel-leaf
or surrounding, a village (=brh, q.v.). (=bara`, q.v.).
H brah [S. ], adj. Twelve; H br (from brn = bln, q.v.;
braho, coll. n. The whole twelve, the fem. brin), s.m. A caste of Hinds whose
twelve:brah-b, adj. lit. 'Twelve roads'; occupation it is to sell torches; a torchbearer by
scattered, dispersed, cast to the winds, ruined, profession. (The same caste occasionally act as
destroyed; embarrassed, bewildered, perplexed, barbers.)
distracted, confounded; at sixes and sevens, in A br (act. part. of ' to create'), s.m. The
confusion; at variance, in a state of discord; Creator, the Deity:br ta`l, s.m. The Most
brah-b karn, v.t. To scatter, disperse, throw High God.
into confusion, confound; to ruin, destroy; H br (dim. of br, 'time,' &c.), s.f.
brah b hon or ho-jn, v.n. To be scattered, Time, turn; turn for duty; a mode of keeping up
&c., to become houseless, ruined, &c., to be a the village watch;a small door, wicket;
vagabond; to be abandoned:brah-bn, adj. window:br-br, adv. In turn; turn about,
& s.m. Generally praised or approved, pure, each in due course:br-dr, s.m. (f. br-
perfect, genuine, good; sound, hale, hearty, drn), An attendant who waits in turn with
well, convalescent;the most refined, the others:br-k tap, s.f. Intermittent fever.
purest (gold, water, &c.):brah patthar, s.m. P bre (fr. br), adv. Once, one time, all at
The twelve pillars which mark the boundary of once; at last, at length.
a cantonment or encampment; the cantonment P br-yb, adj. See s.v. br, 'time,' &c.
or encampment so bounded:brah-pul, adj. H br-ar, adj. & s.m.=vri-ar,
& s.m. Having twelve arches;a bridge with
twelve arches:brah-dar, brah-dwr, q.v.
s.f. lit. 'Having twelve doors'; a summerhouse P brk, adj. Fine, thin, slender, slight,
(generally in a garden):brah-singh, slim, delicate; minute, nice, subtle; shrill, high
s.m. lit. 'Having twelve tines'; a stag, antelope (note, &c.):brk wz, s.f. Fine or shrill
(?):brah-kha, s.f.=br-kha, sound; high note; the treble (in music):brk
q.v.s.v. br:brah-ms, adj. & s.m. bt, s.f. Nice point, subtle question; fine
Pertaining to the twelve months of the year; discrimination:brk-bn, adj. & s.m.
Hind verse of twelve stanzas, corresponding to Penetrating, discriminating, possessed of fine
the twelve months of the year, and descriptive perception, nice, quick of apprehension,
of the pain of separation from a husband, as intelligent;critic; judge; connoisseur:brk
also of the characteristic changes of the season, km, s.m. Fine or delicate work; delicate matter
the scenery, and the pastimes which distinguish or affair, important business:brk-miyn,
each month:brah mahine, adv. The whole adj. Slender-waisted.
twelve months, all the year round, at all times, P brk, s.f. Fineness, minuteness,
always, perpetually:brah-waft, s.f. The niceness, subtlety; nicety, delicacy; nice
twelve days of Moham mad's fatal illness. perception, penetration, discernment:brk
P brh (pl. of br, 'time'), adv. Times out nikln (-k), To discriminate; to make nice or
of number, time after time, again and again, subtle distinctions; to criticize.
repeatedly, often (=br-br). ? b, br [prop. bh, S. , rt. cf.
H brah, = S. ], s.f. Fence, hedge, outer boundary or
H brahw, adj. Twelfth; the enclosure (of any kind); line, border, rim,
margin, edge; edge (of a weapon or
twelfth;brahwe, brahwe, adv. Twelfthly,
in the twelfth place. tool=S. ); line or row (of soldiers); front,
H brahw, = frout rank;(in comp.), A suffix signifying
'place,' enclosure, &c. (=wr):b
H brah, adj. Twelfth; the bann, b bdhn(me), To fence, enclose,
twelfth;brahwe, brahwe, adv. Twelfthly, hedge in:b pakn, b-par ahn (-ko),
in the twelfth place. To encourage, instigate, incite, excite:b
H brah, adj. & s.f.=brh, q.v. ahna or ah-den (-par), b rn, b
H br, s.f.=b, q.v. den, b dilwn, b rakhn (-par), To put an
edge (on), give an edge (to), to sharpen,
H br, s.f. A small ear-ring, &c.=bl, whet:b den or dilwn (-ko), To incite,
q.v. excite, &c. (=b-par hn):b kirjn,

260
v.t. To blunt or notch the edge (of a sword, A bz, vulg. bj (P. also bz), s.m.f.
&c.):b lagn, To fence, &c.=b Hawk; female falcon (the male is
bdhn. termed shhn):bz-dr, bz-gr, s.m.
H b [prop. bh;S. ], s.f. Volley Falconer;bz-dr, s.f. The keeping or charge
(of mus.ketry, &c.):b un, b jhn, of hawks or falcons; falconry.
v.n. To fire a volley. P bz [old P. avz, af; Zend ap =
H b, s.f. Increase, &c.=bh, q.v. S. , fr. a, with apa], adv. Back;
H b, s.f. Mixture of syrup and rice- again;adj. Thrown back; open:bz n (-
se), To come or turn back (from), draw back
flour, of which the sweetmeat called andars is (from); to leave off, desist, refrain, abstain
made. (from); to give up, abandon, relinquish,
H b [S. +], s.m. Enclosed renounce; to keep (from), avoid, shun; to
space, enclosure (=gher), area; cemetery; decline, refuse;bz , intj. Hold! stop! cease!
fence, hedge (=b); alms, charity (in this sense have done! enough!:bz-purs, s.f. Inquiry,
prob. connected withvaraam):b investigation, examination; minute
bdhn = b bdhn, and bhn, q.q.v. investigation; accountableness,
responsibility;bz-purs karn, To inquire
H bav, s.m.=bdav, q.v.:bav-
(into); to examine; to call in question; to
nal = bav-nal, q.v.s.v. bav demand an explanation, call to account:bz-
H bh, s.f.=b, 'edge,' &c., and b, pasn, adj. Last, hindmost:bz-st, s.f.
'volley,' q.q.v. Inquiry, &c.=bz-purs, q.v.:bz-h, s.m.
H bh [S. ], s.f. Increase, rise; Inquirer, investigator; requirer:bz rakhn (-
se), To keep or hold (one) back (from); to keep
growth, vegetation; promotion; swelling or rise back, detain, withhold; to restrain, repress,
(of a ri er), inundation, flood. check; to prevent, prohibit, forbid; to exclude;
H bhn, v.t. To fence, to debar; to dissuade, deter:bz rahn (-se),
&c.=bh (or b) bdhn, q.v. To keep (oneself) back (from), hold (oneself)
H bhn, v.n. To increase, aloof (from); to desist, cease (from); to abstain,
refrain; to shun, avoid; to be prevented or
&c.=bahn, q.v. prohibited (from):bz-gasht, s.f. Turning
H bhh, = back, returning; return; retreat;part.=next,
H bh, [S. ], s.f. Usurious profit q.v.:bz-gashta, part. adj. Returned;
retreated:bz-gr, s.m. Historian,
or interest (taken on grain, &c.); interest in kind
chronologist:bz-yft, s.m. Getting back,
paid on seed-grain.
recovering; resumption (of anything); the act of
H bh, = resuming alienated lands or property of any
H bhh, [S. ], s.f. Usurious kind;bz-yftag, s.f. Idem.
profit or interest (taken on grain, &c.); interest P bzr, vulg. bazr, and bajr (old
in kind paid on seed-grain. P. ab, 'provisions'+zr, 'place'), s.m. Market,
H bhiy, bhy, s.m.=biy, market-place, bazar, mart; business of a market;
people assembled at a market; rate, price;
q.v.
demand, sale:bzr-ba, s.m. Discount; the
H b, br [S. , ], s.f. market rate of exchange:bzr-baihak, s.f.
Enclosed piece of ground, garden, orchard, Fee or tax for holding a stall or shop, or for
kitchen-garden. plantation, field; cotton-field; trading in a market (=tah-bzr):bzr
house with surrounding garden, &c.; aln, bzr amakn, v.n.=bzr garm hon,
homestead; home, dwelling:b ugn, b q.v.:bzr dikhr (-k), To expose for
bnn, To pluck the fruit of an orchard, gather sale:bzr-k bh`o, bzr-k nir, s.m.
the vegetables in a garden or field; to gather the Market-rate; selling price:bzr-k alan,
cotton crop:b karn, To garden, &c. s.m. The custom or practice of the market:
H biy, by (see b, 'edge'), bzr karn, v.n. To market, to go to market:
s.m. A whetter (of swords, &c.), knife-grinder. bzr garm hon (-k), The market to be brisk
P bz, act. part. [of btan; rt. Zend baz; or active; to have a good sale; to be in great
demand; to be actively carried on (a practice,
S. ; cf. bat], Playing, player;(in comp.) e.g.rishwat-k bzr garm hai); to be all the
a suffix denoting an 'agent,' 'doer,' 'one who has rage; to rage, prevail (as an epidemic disease;
to do with,' 'fancier,' &c.; e.g. hahe-bz, s.m. e.g. haie-k bzr garm hai):bzr lagn,
Joker, jester;kabtar-bz, s.m. 'Pigeon- v.n. To establish a market; to open a number of
fancier'; shatranj-bz, 'chess-player.'

261
shops; to display (one's) wares; to be about bz le-jn (-se), To carry off the stakes
one's business or trade; to have things spread (from), to win; to bear away the palm, to
out or scattered about in disorder; to make a excel:bz hrn, v.n.=bz khna, q.v.
noise and uproar (like that of a market):bzr P bz-a (dim. of bz), s.f. Fun, play,
mand hon (-k), The market to be dull; to be sport; wagering; toy, plaything.
in little demand:bzr npte phirn, To go P bzh, s.m. Tribute, &c.=bj, q.v.
about (as if) measuring the bazar; to saunter H bs [S. ], s.f. Perfume, fragrance,
about, roam, lounge.
scent, smell, odour; offensive smell, stench;
H bzr, trace, sign, particle, soupon; (syn. bo, b):
vulg. bazr (from bzr), adj.=bzr, q.v. bs-baniy, s.m. A vendor of perfumes,
P bzr, vulg. bazr, bajr, adj. perfumer:bs-mati, s.f. lit. 'Possessing
perfume'; a fragrant kind of rice, and of millet.
Of or appertaining to a market; market;
ordinary, common; low, vulgar; H bs, =
bzr, bzr dm, s.m. Common people: H bs, [S. and , rt. ],
bzr bt, bzr abar, s.f. Bazar report, s.m. Dwelling, lodging, abode, residence,
mere rumour:bzr 'aurat, s.f. Market shelter; nest (of a bird):bs karn, bs
woman;common woman, harlot. karn, v.n. To lodge, stay (with); to abide,
P bzargn (for bzrgn), s.m. dwell, reside; to make (its) nest, to roost (a
Merchant, trader, dealer in the market. bird).
P bzargn, s.f. Merchandize, traffic,
trade, commerce. H bs, =
P bzgn, adj. Upside down, &c.=wzh- H bs, [S. and , rt. ], s.m.
gn, q.v. Dwelling, lodging, abode, residence, shelter;
P bzanda, bzinda, act. part. nest (of a bird):bs karn, bs karn, v.n.
(of btan; bz, q.v.+Zend at = S. ant), To lodge, stay (with); to abide, dwell, reside; to
Playing; player;s.m. Tumbler pigeon. make (its) nest, to roost (a bird).
P bz, vulg. bj [Pehl. bji; H bs [S. ], s.m. lit. 'Yielding
Zend, bzu, S. ], Arm, upper arm; shoulder; perfume'; the plant Justicia
wing (of a bird, &c.); flank (of an army, &c.); ganderussa (=bkas, q.v.).
side frame of a door, door-post; fold of a door; P ba-sn, adv. With ease or facility,
side of a bedstead; (fig.) supporter, second, easily, readily (=sn-se).
companion, friend, brother; an armlet (=bz- P bstn, adj. Old, ancient, past; (in
band, q.v.); one who repeats the chorus of Southern India) after, afterwards (=ba`d az n).
themarsiya or elegy on Hasan and Husain; H bstu [S. ], s.m. Site or
accompanier or second in a song:bz-band, foundation of a house, &c. (see vstu).
s.m. Ornament worn on the arm, armlet; H bsah [S. ], adj. Sixty-two.
bracelet:bz den (-ko), To lend a helping
hand, to help, support, aid (=bh den). H bsudev, s.m. Name
P bz, vulg. bj (see bz, 'playing'), of Krisha; see vsudeva.
s.f. Play, sport, game, trick; game of chance, H bsar [S. ], s.m. A day;
hazard; gaming; stake (at play), wager, bet: see vsar.
bz badn, bz lagn, v.n. To lay a bet, to H bsur, bsr, s.f.=bsr, q.v.
wager; to stake:bz pn, bz jtn, bz
len, v.n. To win the game, or stakes; to be H bsak, s.m. See vsak, bs,
victorious, successful, or prosperous; to come and bkas.
off best, be first:bz den, To make game of, H bsuk, bsak, =
laugh at; to trick; to beat, defeat, check-mate:
bz karn (-se), To play (with); to contend H bsuk [S. ], s.m. The
(against); to trifle (with), &c.=bz den, chief of serpents, which is fabled to support the
q.v.:bz khn, v.n. To be beaten, to lose, be universe, and which was used as a string to
cast:bz-gh, s.f. Place for exhibiting feats whirl the mountain Mandar in churning the
of activity, &c., theatre:bz-gar, s.m. ocean for the amrit, &c.
(f. bz-garan and bz-garn), One who H bsuk [S. ], =
exhibits feats of activity, legerdemain, &c.;
tumbler, rope-dancer, juggler, conjurer;bz- H bsuk, bsak, s.m. The
gar, s.f. The act of tumbling, &c.; rope- chief of serpents, which is fabled to support the
dancing, legerdemain, juggling, conjuring: universe, and which was used as a string to
bz lagn, To bet, &c.=bz badn, q.v.:

262
whirl the mountain Mandar in churning the A bira (from , 'to see'), s.m. Sense
ocean for the amrit, &c. or faculty of seeing; sight.
A bsalq (Gr. arabicized), s.f. A bi-ali-hi, adv. By its origin or nature;
The great vein in the arm, Vena basilica. essentially.
H bs-mat, s.f. See s.v. bs, A btil (act. part. of , 'to be false,' &c.),
'perfume.' adj. False, untrue, wrong, incorrect; fictitious,
spurious, unreal, unfounded, unsound; vain,
H bsan [S. , rt. ], s.m. futile, worthless, useless, unprofitable; devoid
Vessel, plate, dish, basin, pot, &c. of virtue or efficacy, of no effect, ineffectual,
H bsan, = null, void, of no force, of no account, naught,
going for nothing; annulled, abolished,
H bsn, (see bs, and next), s.m.f.
counteracted:btilu`s-sihr, s.m. Counteractor
(?), Perfume, odour, &c.=bs (syn. su-gandh). or annuller of enchantment; that which or he
H bsn, = who frustrates incantation:btil samajhn,
H bsan, (see bs, and next), s.m.f. v.t. To regard, or treat, as false, &c.; to treat as
a nullity; to set at naught:btil karn, v.t. To
(?), Perfume, odour, &c.=bs (syn. su-gandh).
falsify; to prove to be false; to render
H bsn [bs = Prk. () ineffectual, vain, useless, &c.; to nullify, vitiate,
or ()=S. (), rt. ], v.t. To invalidate, make void; to annul, abolish; to set
perfume, scent. aside, supersede; to frustrate, counteract,
thwart:btil mutaawwar karn, v.t. To
H bsn [S. ], s.f. Inclination,
consider false, vain, &c.=btil samajhn,
desire, expectation, trust, confidence; fancy, q.v.:btil hon, v.n. To be or prove vain,
imagination. ineffectual, &c.; to come to naught; to become
H bsav, adj.=vsava, q.v. void; to be nullified, frustrated, &c.; to be
H bs [S. +], adj. Smelling, annulled or abolished.
A P btil, s.f. Vanity, folly, absurdity.
perfumed, fusty; stale; belonging to the day
A btin (act. part. of , 'to penetrate or
before:bs-tibs, s.f. Three days' stale
enter into'), adj. & s.m. Unapparent, hidden,
food:bs 'd, s.f. The day after the fair:
concealed, covert, inward, inner, interior,
bs karn, v.t. To make stale; to vomit:bs
internal, intrinsic, esoteric (opp. of zhir);the
muh, s.m. Unwashed face or mouth; empty
internal or intrinsic state, character or
stomach;adv. With unwashed mouth;
circumstances (of a man or a thing); the inward
fasting:bs hon, v.n. To become stale, &c.
part; the secret thoughts; mind, heart;
H bs, disposition of the mind; recesses of the mind.
vulg. bsh [S. + ; ], adj. & s.m. P btin, adj.=btin, q.v.
Dwelling, inhabiting;dweller, inhabitant P A ba-e`tibr, adv. In respect (of, -ke),
(chiefly used as last member of compounds, by reason (of), in consideration (of), in virtue
e.g. ban-bsor vana-vs, 'inhabitant of the (of); according (to), agreeably (to).
woods'; braj-bs, 'inhabitant of Braj or Brij): A b`is (part. act. of , 'to send'), s.m. (f.
bs-wl, s.m.=bs. ?), Occasion, cause, reason, motive, incentive;
subject, author;postposn. Because (of, -ke),
H bsiyn, s.m. Name of a tribe
by reason (of); on account (of), by means (of).
of ahrs or cowherds.
P bg, vulg. bg, s.m. Garden, orchard,
P bsh (imper. of bdan, 'to be'), adj. Being,
living, staying (used as last member of grove, cluster of trees, plantation (syn. b):
compounds, e.g. shab-bsh, 'staying for the bg-b, s.f. Ornamental trees and flowers of
night; cf. bs, bsh);intj. Stop! stay! hold! talc, &c. carried in wedding processions
be patient! (=r`ish); (met.) Children, family, offspring:
H bsh, s.m.=bsha, q.v. bg-bg, adj. Rejoicing, delighted;bg-bg
P bshad (third pers. sing. of the aorist hon or ho-jn, v.n. To be delighted, to rejoice
of bdan, 'to be'), adv. It may be; perhaps exceedingly:bg-bn, s.m. Gardener:bg-
(=shyad, q.v.). bn, s.f. Gardening; office of gardener:bg-
P bshanda, bshinda (act. part. of bdan, e-sabz dikhn or dikhln (and sabz bg
or bsh dan, 'to remain'), s.m. dikhn), To excite desire and expectation by
(pl. bshindagn), Dweller, resident, inhabitant, deceitful promises (lit. 'to exhibit a blooming
denizen (=bs, q.v.). garden, as by legerdemain'); to delude, deceive,
P bsha, s.m. A kind of falcon; hawk; cheat:bg-kr, s.f. Gardening, garden
sparrow-hawk.
P bshn, fem. of bsha, q.v.

263
cultivation, business of a gardener:bg-wl, A bqir (act. part. of , 'to lay open,' &c.),
s.m. Owner of a garden; gardener (=bg-bn). adj. Deeply versed in science or knowledge;
P bgt, pl. (of bg, after the Arabic s.m. One who is deeply learned.
model), s.m. Gardens, orchards, &c. (see bg, P bqir-n, vulg. bqar-n (said
and cf. bg-h). to be a rel. n. from bqir-n, prop. name), s.f.
H bgt, = Crisp bread or cake (like pie-crust), made of
butter, milk, and flour.
H bgyat, [bg+. yat], adj. A bqil, bql (rt. , whence also baqql,
& s.f. Relating to garden land; fit for garden q.v.), s.m. A bean, Faba sativa (of Jussieu),
cultivation;produce of a garden; revenue or Vicia faba (of Linnus); pea; pot-herb.
derived from gardens, tax levied on gardens. P bqila = bqil, q.v.
H bgyat, = A bq (act. part. of ' to remain'),
H bgt, [bg+. yat], adj. & adj. & s.f. Remaining, lasting, enduring,
permanent, existing, extant; eternal, everlasting;
s.f. Relating to garden land; fit for garden
left in arrears, still due;remaining portion,
cultivation;produce of a garden; revenue
remainder, residue, remnant; overplus, surplus,
derived from gardens, tax levied on gardens.
excess; net produce; balance, dues, arrears,
P bg-a (dim. of bg), s.m. A small outstandings:bq aiym, s.m. Remaining
garden, &c.=bg-a, q.v. period, unexpired term; remainder of (one's)
P bgira, bgra, s.m. An indolent swelling life:bq ban, v.n.=bq rahn, q.v.:bq
or tumour; a wen. pan, v.n. To fall into arrears:bq azna,
P bg-h, s.m. pl. (of bg), Gardens, s.m. Arrears of revenue, rent or taxes:bq-
orchards, groves, &c. (see bg). dr, adj. & s.m. Owing a balance;one who
A bg, vulg. bg (act. part. of , 'to owes a balance, one who is in arrears,
seek,' &c.), adj. & s.m. Revolting, rebellious, defaulter;bq-dr, s.f. The owing a balance,
disloyal;revolter, rebel, traitor, insurgent, the being in arrears:bq rahn or rah-jn,
mutineer:bg hon, To turn rebel; to revolt, v.n. To remain, be over, be left, be saved; to
rebel; (vulg.) to be offended or displeased remain unpaid or unadjusted, be still due; to
(with, -se). have a balance:bq-sq, s.f. Remainder,
H bgiy, vulg. bagiy, = surplus, balance:bq-far (for bq-e-far),
s.f. Nominal balance:bq-mnda, adj. & s.m.
P bg-a, vulg. bag, (H. and P.
Remaining; residuary;remainder, residue:
dim. of bg), s.m. A small garden (for flowers, bq nikln (-k), To find the difference
fruit, or vegetables); a private garden. (between two numbers), to subtract; to strike, or
P bg-a, vulg. bag, = carry forward a balance; to shew a balance-
sheet:bq wul karn, To collect arrears.
H bgiy, vulg. bagiy, (H. and P.
A bqiyt (pl. of bq), s.f. Remainders,
dim. of bg), s.m. A small garden (for flowers, balances, arrears:bqiyt-e-l, s.f. Current
fruit, or vegetables); a private garden. balances.
H bg, s.f.=bga, q.v. P bk, s.m. [old form byaka; rt. Zend b =
P bf (from bf-tan, 'to weave,' see bfta), S. ], Fear, apprehension.
part. adj. Weaving; weaver; woven; (used as
H bk [S. , rt. ; Prk. ], s.m.
last member of compounds, e.g. kinr-bf, s.m.
A weaver of edging or lace;zar-bf, s.m. Word, speech, language, dialect; saying,
Gold-lace weaver);s.f. Cloth interwoven with proverb, maxim; (in Gram.) sentence;verbal
gold, gold tissue. estimate (without actual measurement) of the
P bft, part.=bfta, q.v.;s.f. Weaving; produce of a field.
web, tissue, texture. H bk, s.m.=bkh, q.v.
P bfta, perf. part. [of bftan; rt. Zend vap; P bkira (for A. , fem. of bkir, act.
S. vap], Woven, wrought (used in comp., part. of , 'to go forth early'), s.f. Virgin,
e.g. zar-bfta, or zar-bft, wrought with gold; maid, spinster.
embroidered; brocade, &c.);s.m. A kind of
H bkr, s.f.=bkh, q.v.
silk cloth;buttons woven like mohair;a
colour in pigeons. H bkas [per met. for bsak =
P A ba-ifrt, adv. In abundance, S. ], s.m. The shrub Justicia
plentifully, copiously (=ifrt-se).
ganderussa (=bs: It is used to make charcoal
P bfanda, bfinda (act. part. of bftan),
for the manufacture of gunpowder).
s.m. Weaver.

264
H bkl, s.m.=bql, q.v.: (cf. opportunity:bg hth-se hon (-k), To let
S. vrigala, A pea). the rein loose, &c.=bg hl karn, &c.
H bkl (see bkl), s.f. Boiled H bg [S. +], s.m. Suit of
grain. clothes, dress, vestment; robe of honour
(=il`at, q.v.); wedding garment
H bkl, s f.=bkh, bkhl, q.q.v. (bridegroom's).
H bkand, s.m. (?), Portion of the H bgar (cf. bkhar), s.m. Hedge of
crop (about two-fifths), paid as rent to the thorns or twigs;name of a large tract of
cultivators by the zamndrs. country in Malwa belonging to Rjpts.
H bkh [S. 'breast'], s.m. Udder H bgar, adj. & s.m. Of or
(of a cow, &c.). belonging to the region called Bgar;an
H bkhar [S. ? rt. ; inhabitant of Bgar.
Prk. ], s.m. House; collection of houses H bgam (from bg), s.m. Any
in one enclosure; a cluster of cattle-sheds; cultivated spot.
enclosure, area, court-yard;a bag or wallet H bgh, =
(for tools,as a goldsmith's);a kind of drug H bgh, [S. Prk. , ],
used as a ferment.
s.m. Tiger (syn. sher); lion:bgh-ambar s.m.
H bkhar [S. +], s.m. A kind of Tiger's skin:bgh-bakr, s.f. Tiger and goat;
bullock hoe or plough (much used in lion and kid;a boy's game (similar to our 'fox
Bundelkhand to remove the hard crust off fields and geese'):bgh-k pah, s.m. Tiger's
and to clear away surface weeds). cub:bgh-nakh, bg-nak, s.m. Tiger's claw
H bkh (i.e. bkh, q.v.+dim. (set in silver and worn as a charm); a weapon
aff. ), s.f. lit. 'A young cow whose udder is made of steel, resembling huge claws, and
developed'; a cow or buffalo gone about five fitting upon the hands (cf. baghn and bag-
months with calf; or which has calved about nah).
five months ago; (locally) a young cow or H bgh, =
buffalo. H bgh, [S. Prk. , ],
H bkhal, s.m.=bkhar, q.v. s.m. Tiger (syn. sher); lion:bgh-ambar s.m.
(Dialectic forms are bakkhal, bakhr). Tiger's skin:bgh-bakr, s.f. Tiger and goat;
H bkhl, s.f.=bkh, q.v. lion and kid;a boy's game (similar to our 'fox
H bkya [S. ], s.m. Word, and geese'):bgh-k pah, s.m. Tiger's
cub:bgh-nakh, bg-nak, s.m. Tiger's claw
speech, discourse, sentence (see bk). (set in silver and worn as a charm); a weapon
H bg, s.m.=bgh, q.v. made of steel, resembling huge claws, and
H bg [S. ; Prk. ], s.f. Rein; fitting upon the hands (cf. baghn and bag-
nah).
bridle (=lagm):bg uhn (-k), lit. 'To lift
the rein'; to give (a horse, &c.) the rein; to set (a H bghan, bgan, bgin [bgh, q.v.
horse) at full gallop:bg-pak`, s.f. Holding + S. ], s.f. Tigress; lioness;(in Braj), s.m.
the horse of a bridegroom by the sons-in-law of pl. Tigers.
his family (part of a Hind marriage
H bghambar, bagambar, s.m.
ceremony);the reward or present given to
those who hold the bridegroom's horse:bg See s.v. bgh.
phern, v.n.=bg morn, q.v.:bg-or, s.f. A H bghn, s.f.=bghan, q.v.
long rope with which horses are led; halter: H bgh, s.f. Bubo (syn. bad;cf.
bg hli karn orchhorn, To give a loose rein
(literally and figuratively); to give the rein, let S. ).
(a horse) out, set (a horse) at full gallop; to H bg [S. + ], s.m. Horseman,
leave one to himself:bg khain or len(- rider.
k), To rein in (a horse, &c.); to curb, check,
restrain, control:bg-gr, s.m. A groom, H bg, s.m., corr. of , bg, q.v.
syce=bl-gir:bg morn, v.n. To turn the H bl [S. , rt. ; cf. next], s.f.
reins; turn away or back; to take a turn, to dry Female child, girl, &c. (see bl);ear or spike
up (the pustules of small-pox):bg-hth-se of corn:bl-rakh, s.m. A person employed
hn (-k), To lose control or power (over); to to watch ripe crops; the platform on which such
get beyond control; to lose a chance or

265
a watchman sits;(also=) bl-rakh`, s.f. crown of the head:bl-or, s.m. A disease
Price paid for watching of ripe crops. that causes the hair of horses to fall off (=bd-
S bl, adj. Young, childish, infantine, or):bl-dr, adj. & s.m. Hairy, shaggy,
juvenile, immature, not full grown; puerile, hirsute;cracked; a cracked cup or vessel:
ignorant, uninstructed, unwise;s.m. Infant, bl den, v.n. lit. 'To give the hair'; to be shaved
child, boy, youth, minor; colt; five-year-old preparatory to performing the obsequies of the
elephant;hair, a hair; tail; crack (in china or dead (a Hind rite, especially incumbent on the
glass, &c.); the thread on which sugar is son);to throw the hair of the head forward
crystallized;a kind of perfume or fragrant and backward before the ta`zya of
grass, Andropogon the Moharram festival (a ceremony performed
schnanthus (cf. bl and blhar):bl by Mohammadan women):bl-rj, s.m. Lapis
utarn, v.n. To be shaved:bl-avasth, s.f. lazuli:bl-r, s.f. Child-widow, a widow
State of a child, youth, infancy, childhood: who loses her husband when she is very
bl n, v.n. To have hair coming on the young:bl rakhn, v.n. To allow the hair to
face;to have a crack (in, -me), to be cracked grow:bl-rp, adj. Child-like, childish,
(china, &c.):bl-bl, adv. Hair by hair, every puerile, youthful:bl suljhn, v.n. To let
hair, altogether, throughout, entirely;by a down the hair and disentangle it with a comb:
hair, by a hair's breadth, narrowly, barely; bl-kn, s.m. 'Section treating of the
bl-bl ban, v.n. To have a hair's breadth or boy Rma,' the title of the first book of
narrow escape; barely to succeed or to win: the Rmyaa:bl-kamn, s.f. Hair-
bl-bl mot pirona, To adorn oneself from spring:bl-kavi, s.m. Minor poet:bl-k
head to foot, decorate oneself elaborately:bl bhe bann, bl-k kammal bann, lit. 'To
bdhn, v.n. To bind the hair; to braid the make a sheep, or a blanket, of a single hair'; to
hair:bl-bdh, adj. & adv., bl-bdh- magnify, exaggerate, make a mountain of a
hu`, adj. Minute, precise, exact; skilful, molehill:bl-k khl khain To split hairs,
dexterous, expert;to a hair, to a nicety; to be hypercritical:bl-gopl, s.m. Children,
immediately, instantly; cheerfully:bl- family (=bl-bae); disciples, followersbl-
bdh or, s.m. Expert thief:bl-bdh ght, s.f. Infanticide (=bl-haty);bl-ghtak,
kau mrn, v.n. To shoot at without missing, s.m. Murderer of children:bl-locan, s.m.
to hit the mark;to have true aim; to have great The act of tearing or plucking out the hair:
care, not to mistake:bl-bae, s.m. Children; bl-ll, s.f.=bl-aritr, q.v.:bl len, v.n. To
wife and children, family;bl-bao-wl, pull or pluck out the hair:bl non (-k), To
s.f. Mother of a family;the goddess of small- tear or pull out the hair:bl-ryaj, s.m. Lapis
pox (so named because she carries off whom lazuli (bl-rj):bl-haty, s.f. Infanticide;
she will):bl-budh, s.f. Child-like bl-hatyr, s.m. (f. -), Murderer of
intelligence, sense of a child:bl-bidhw, s.f. children:bl-ha, s.f. Childish obstinacy,
Child-widow=bl-r, q.v.:bl-barbar, insistance.
adj. & s.m. As much as a hair, the least or P bl [Zend barez; S. ], s.m. Wing,
slightest;hair's breadth, least bit:bl pinion: arm:bl-afshn or fishn, adj.
bahn, v.n. To let the hair grow:bl Expanding the wings;bl-afshn or fishn,
bikharn, v.n. Letting the hair loose (a woman); s.f. Expansion or shaking of the wings:bl-
to have the hair tossed or dishevelled; to be in a par nikln, v.n. lit. 'To be fledged'; to betray
state of perplexity:bl bann, v.n. To do the (one's) evil disposition, show what one is made
hair; to dress the hair; to shave:bl-bodh, of; to begin one's pranks; to turn over a new
s.m. 'Instruction for the young'; a very small leaf; to flourish or prosper:bl-shikasta, adj.
book (name of various works adapted to the Having one's wings clipped; reduced to straits,
capacity of the young):bl-bhog, s.m. An distressed, wretched.
offering to Krisha presented in the early A bl, s.m. State, condition, circumstances
morning (syn. mohan-bhog):bl bk na (e.g. frigu`l-bl); heart, mind; power.
hon, Not a hair to be disordered; not to receive S blu, s.m.=bluk, q.v.
the slightest injury or harm:bl pan (-me),
To have a crack (in), be cracked (china, &c.): S bl, s.f. Female child, girl, young
bl-to, s.m. Pimple, boil or sore (caused by woman (not more than sixteen years of age);
plucking out or breaking a hair of the body): woman;small cardamoms; a medicinal and
bl jhan, v.n. Falling off of the hair:bl- fragrant plant, Hibiscus tortuosus (cf. bl-ha).
aritr, s.m. Childish exploits or tricks, juvenile H bl [S. ; Prk. ], adj. &
sports or frolics; the sports of Krisha in his s.m. Young, childlike, childish, &c.; child,
childhood:bl unn, v.n. Pulling or picking infant, boy, &c. (=bl, s.m.);a grub that eats
out hairs:bl-hatr, s.f. The hair on the young plants of wheat or barley (when about six

266
inches high);a medicinal and fragrant A bi`l-bann, adv. With the tips of the
plant, Hibiscus mutabilis;a large earring: fingers, monstrari digitis.
bl-bhol, adj. Childlike, innocent, artless, H bl-bhog, s.m. See s.v. bl,
simple, guileless;ble-bhole, s.m. pl.
'child.'
Children, little folk, babes:bl-tap, s.m. The
H bl-par, s.m. See s.v. bl, 'wing.'
rays of the rising sun:bl-nd, s.m. New
moon:bl 'umr, s.f. Youth, prime of life, H bl-pan [S. ], s.m. Infancy,
&c.=bl-avasth). childhood, boyhood, minority=blak-
P bl, s.m. Top, upper part; stature; pan and bl-avasth.
evasion; delusion;adj. & adv. High, lofty, A bi`t-ta (bi+al+ta), adv.
elevated, exalted; up, aloft, above, foregoing, Especially, particularly, specifically.
before-mentioned;prep. On, upon, above A bi`t-tarh, adv. In detail; expressly,
(=par):bl-bl, adv. Apart, away from; distinctly, explicitly.
secretly, stealthily (=par-h par, q.v.):bl A bi`t-tafl, adv. Explicitly, in detail,
batn (-ko), bl-butt den (-ko), To evade, &c. (=bi`t-tar); minutely, item by item,
elude by stratagem; to delude, deceive, cheat: particularly.
bl-bar, s.m. Part of the angarkh that laps H blt, =
over the thighs, fore-skirt; a kind
of angarkh:bl-band, s.m. A part of dress; H bl, [S. +?], s.f. Pail,
a kind of turban; a coat of a particular kind: bucket. (On the Bombay side it is called bld.)
bl-posh, s.m. Coverlet, quilt (syn. lihf): H bl, =
bl-na, s.m. Upper room; upper story;
balcony:bl-dast, adj. Higher, superior; H blt, [S. +?], s.f. Pail,
having the upper hand;bl-dast hon (-par), bucket. (On the Bombay side it is called bld.)
To prevail (against), be victorious (over), be A bi`l-jabr, adv. By force, forcibly,
superior (to); to have power or authority violently (=ba-jabr, jabra).
(over):bl-gashl, s.f. Going one's beat or A bi`l-jumla, adv. On the whole; in all,
rounds, patrolling; inspection:bl-nishn, altogether, in the gross;in short, in a word, to
adj. & s.m. Seated aloft, occupying the chief sum up (=il-kalm).
seat;occupier of the chief seat, president, H bl-ha [S. +], s.f. A
chairman;the chief seat; the upper end (of a
medicinal plant of sweet odour; a perfume,
table, &c.):bl o past, s.m. & adv. The
spikenard (syn. sumbul:cf. bl & bl).
heavens above and the earth beneath;above
and below. A bi`l-air, adv. In a good manner, with
good, happily, well.
H bl-pan, s.m.=bl-pan, blak- A bi`-t, adv. Essentially, naturally,
pan, and bl-avasth, q.q.v. originally;bi`z-tihi, In its or his nature or
A bi`l-ittifq (bi+al+ittifq), adv. In essence.
agreement or unison (with), with one consent,
S bli, adj. Young, childish,
conjointly, concurrently, unanimously (=ba-
ittifq); by chance, fortuitously, accidentally puerile; ignorant, foolish, careless.
(=ittifqan). P blish [Zend barezis; S. ], s.m.
A bi`l-ijml, adv. In the integrity, in the Pillow, cushion (=bln).
whole, in the gross; collectively, jointly, in S blisht, vulg. bilisht, bilast, bilas (cf.
common; as a body, as one mass. S.), s.f. Span measured by the extended
A bi`l-irda (irda, P. for A. ), adv.
On purpose, intentionally, designedly, wilfully. thumb and little finger.
P bl`, adj., adv. & s.m. Additional, P H blishtiya, s.m. Manikin, dwarf,
extra, unusual, extraordinary; extraneous; pigmy (syn. bittiy).
general;in addition to, over and above; A bi`-arr, = A bi`-
anything extra or additional; extra tax; a horse arrat, adv. Of necessity, necessarily,
that is led for show;s.f. That which is on the inevitably, perforce; of course, certainly,
surface; cream (=mal`):bl` mad, bl` positively.
paid, bl` yft, s.f. Emoluments, fees, A bi`-arrat, = A bi`-
perquisites, pickings; bribes:bl` intizm, arr, adv. Of necessity, necessarily, inevitably,
s.m. General supervision or management: perforce; of course, certainly, positively.
bl` km, s.m. General, or miscellaneous, A bi`l-`aks, adv. On the contrary, the
duties; odd jobs (=par-k km):bl` maze, reverse (of, -ke), on the other hand; vice versd.
s.m. Superficial, or secret, pleasures; outward A bi`l-`umm, adv. Commonly,
enjoyment and pleasure of every kind short of generally, universally.
carnal intercourse (with a woman).

267
A blig (act. part. of ' to attain to'), adj. & sweetheart; husband;a kind of cloth:blam-
s.m. Attaining, or having attained, to puberty, aul or aur, s.m. A superior kind of rice:
virility, ripeness or maturity (a boy); of mature blam-khr, s.m. A superior kind of white
age;a youth who has attained to puberty, &c.; cucumber (in season in the rains; a variety
an adult:blig ho-jn, v.n. To attain to of Cucumis sativus).
puberty or maturity, to be grown up. A bi`l-mushfaha, vulg. bi`l-mushf, =
P bliga (for A. ), fem. of blig, q.v. A bi`l-mushhada, vulg. bi`l-
A bi`l-far, adv. On the supposition mushhd, = A bi`l-muqbala, vulg. bi`l-
(that), supposing; granted (that), admitting for muqble, adv. Face to face; in the presence of,
the sake of argument (that). before.
A bi`l-fe`l, adv. In fact, actually (rare); at A bi`l-mushhada, vulg. bi`l-
the present moment, at present, just now; for the mushhd, = A bi`l-mushfaha,
present. vulg. bi`l-mushf, = A bi`l-muqbala,
A bi`l-qad, adv. On purpose, vulg. bi`l-muqble, adv. Face to face; in the
intentionally, &c. (=bi`l-irda, q.v.). presence of, before.
A bi`l-quwwat, adv. With or by strength A bi`l-muqbala, vulg. bi`l-muqble, =
or power; powerfully, vigorously. A bi`l-mushfaha, vulg. bi`l-mushf, =
A bi`l-mushhada, vulg. bi`l-
S blak, s.m. Child, boy, &c.=bl, mushhd, adv. Face to face; in the presence of,
q.v.:blako-k sudh na rakhn, To be before.
neglectful of (one's) children or family; to A bi`l-muqta`a, vulg. bi`l-muqta, adj.
desert (one's) family. According to agreement, stipulated; fixed;
S bluk, s.m. A kind of drug and consolidated.
perfume (commonly called el-bluk). S blin, s.m.=bl, q.v.
H blk (from blak), s.m. A young H bln [bl = Prk. ()
disciple or follower (el) of a Jog, Sannys, or ()=S. (), caus. of rt. ], v.a.
judge, &c.
To kindle, to light (a fire, candle, &c.); to make
S blik, vulg. blk, s.f. Female a fire; to burn (=brn).
child, young girl; woman (=bl, bl, q.q.v.). H bland, s.m. (?), Name of a tribe
S bluk, s.f. Sand, &c. (=bl, inhabiting the southern parts of Mirzapur.
q.v.); powder; camphor:bluk-ga, s.m. A P blang, s.m. A species of
species of fish, Cheilodipterus citron=bdrang, q.v.
calius and Butis:bluk-may, adj. Abounding S blin, s.f. The
in sand or gravel; consisting of sand; sandy,
gravelly; gritty. constellation Avin.
H blak-pan, = H bl, blu, br [S. ], s.f.
Sand, gravel, grit:bl-burd, s.f. Arable land
H blak-pan, [S. ], covered by a deposit of sand after an
s.m. Childhood, &c.=bl-pan and blavasth, inundation, and so ruined;remission of
q.q.v. revenue on account of land so injured:bl-
H blak-pan, = ar, s.f. Land covered by a deposit of sand;
sand-bank formed by a river-deposit:bl-
H blak-pan, [S. ], s.m.
sh, s.f. A kind of sweetmeat (so called from
Childhood, &c.=bl-pan and blavasth, q.q.v. the sand-like appearance of the sugar sprinkled
S blakat, s.f.=blakpan, q.v. on it):bl-k bht, s.f. lit. 'Wall of sand';
A bi`l-kul (bi+al+kulli), adv. Entirely, anything perishable or frail:bl-k dawt,
completely, totally, wholly, universally; s.f. Ink with sand thrown into it (in order that it
altogether. may dry soon).
A bi`l-kullya, adv. In the totality, H bl [S. +], s.m. Beard of
&c.=bi`l-kul, q.v. grain (particularly of Indian corn).
H blik, s.f.=blik, q.v. S blopavt (bla+upavta),
S blakya, adj. Relating to s.m. Cloth used for covering the privities;the
children; infantine; childish. sacrificial thread worn by children.
P bl-gr (lit. 'Horse-holder'), s.m. Groom, H blar, adj. Of or pertaining
syce, &c.=br-gr, q.v. to the city of Blar (near Murshidbd); s.f.
H blam [S. ], 'Desired, A kind of silk cloth manufactured in Blar.
beloved,' &c.], s.m. Lover, beloved person,

268
A bi`l-waf, adv. In sincerity, in truth, in H bmb-, properly bb-,
reality.
q.v.
S blk, s.m. A kind of poison
H bman, sm=brhma, q.v.
(cf. bluk).
H bman, =
H bl [S. ], s.f. Female child,
&c.=bl and bl, q.q.v. H bmn, [S. ], s.m. Dwarf; the
S bal, s.f. A kind of earring (passing fifth or dwarf-incarnation of the god Vishnu
(undertaken to humble the pride of the Daitya
through the centre of the ear;cf. bl and
Bali, who had acquired dominion over the three
S. ). worlds).
H bl [bl, q.v.+S. aff. ], s.f. Ear H bmn, =
or spike of corn;leaf of a folding door; leaf of H bman, [S. ], s.m. Dwarf; the
a palm tree with its sheath.
fifth or dwarf-incarnation of the god Vishnu
S bl, bli, s.m. (in Myth.) A (undertaken to humble the pride of the Daitya
monkey-chief (son of Indra, and brother of the Bali, who had acquired dominion over the three
monkey-king Sugrya: he was slain worlds).
by Rmandra):bl-bndar, s.m.=bli. H bmanh, s.m.=brhma, q.v.
H ble-pan, s.m.=bl-
H bman-
pan and bl-pan, q.q.v.
P bldag, vulg. bldg (abst. s. fr. next, ha [S. + ], s.f. The
q.v.), s.f. Vegetation; growth, increase, shrub Clerodendrum siphonanthus.
development inaturity, adolescence. H bmn, s.f.=bmhn, q.v.
P blda, perf. part. [of bldan; rt.
Zend, vared; S. vardh], Grown, increased; H bmhan, s.m.=brhma, q.v.
grown up:blda hon, v.n. To vegetate; to H bmhn [S. ], s.f. Wife of
be grown up (=blig hon). a Brhma, &c. (see brhma); a kind of
S bl, s.m. Retention of urine; lizard;a medicinal herb, the moon-
pain in passing urine (from gravel, &c.). plant, Aselepias acida;the yellow stamens of
A bi`l-yaqn, adv. Of a surety; assuredly, the lotus (in contradistinction to amr, 'black
certainly stamens of a flower'); a stye on the eye-lid, or a
P bln [Zend barezis; S. barhis], s.f. disease which causes the eyelashes to fall off.
Pillow, cushion. H bm, s.f.=bm, 'eel,' q.v.
S blya, s.m. Infancy childhood, H bm, s.f.=bbh, bb, q.q.v.
&c.=bl, q.v.:blyvasth (ya+av), s.f.
H bn [S. ; Prk. ], s.f. Quality,
Infantine condition or age, infancy, &c.=bl-
avastha, q.v.s.v. bl. property, temper, disposition, nature, character,
conduct, manners, habit, custom (cf. n-bn,
S bleya, adj. Fit or proper for
s.v. n);s.m. The marriage rite which
children; tender, soft, mild;s.m. Ass; a prescribes a certain number of baths (generally
demon;a kind of vegetable, Siphonanthus from three to eleven) for the bride and
indica, called also bleya-k. bridegroom:bn baihn, v.n. To take the
H bm [S. ], adj. & s.m. Left, not baths prescribed by the marriage rite
right (=bw); adverse, &c. (see vma);the (mentioned above):bn pan, v.n. To fall
left side; an enemy:bm-ang, s.m. Left side. into, or to acquire or form, a habit, &c.; to be
H bm [S. ], s.f. A woman. trained; to be accustomed (to):bn ln, v.n.
To lay the foundation of character, &c.,
H bm [S. , or , 'snake'], s.f. The cultivate a habit, &c.; to educate, train; to
eel, Ophidium simack; a snake (cf. bb). habituate, accustom, inure; to naturalize:bn
H bm [S. ], s.m. A fathom, the skhn, v.n.=bn pan.
space between the tips of the fingers of the two H bn [S. ], s.m. Reed-shaft, arrow,
hands when the arms are extended (cf. bam). dart; rocket (for battle), sky-rocket;the
P bm [Pehl. bm; Zend bma; S. bhma], bloody track of a wounded animal;name of
s.m. Terrace or roof of a house; upper story; an Asur (son of Rj Bali, an enemy
morning. of Vishu):bn-sur (va+asura),
dawn;bass (in music), &c.=A. bam, q.v.: s.m. Bn the Asur:bn-dr, bn-wl, s.m.
bm-dd, bm-ddn, s.f. Morning, dawn;
adv. In the morning.

269
Bowman, archer; rocketeer:bn-kosh, s.m. H bb, improp. bmb [S. ;
Quiver.
but cf. bb], s.f.m. (?), Snake; eel (=bm,
H bn [S. , rt. ], s.m. The high q.v.):bt andh`, s.m. Eel.
tidal wave in Indian rivers commonly called 'the H b-b, s.f. Prating, jabber,
Bore.'
senseless talk:b-b karn, To prate, talk
H bn [S. and , rt. ], s.m. foolishly, &c.; to blurt out (a secret, &c.); to
Rope made of twisted grass (b), or make a disagreeable noise, bellow, howl.
of mj (used for the bottom of beds as well as H bbhn, =
for other purposes).
H bbh, bbha`, =
P H bn [S. suff. ; ], A suffix
signifying 'keeper,' 'man,' &c. (e.g. dar-bn, H bb, bba`, [S. ;
'door-keeper'; g-bn, 'cart-man'; bg-bn, cf. S. , and H. bm and bb], s.f. Hillock
'garden-er.' The suffix is also written wn). or ground thrown up by white ants, ant-hill;
A bn, s.m. The ben-tree, Hyperanthera snake's hole (since ant-hills deserted by ants are
moringa (syn. sahajn);the tree Melia commonly taken possession of by snakes).
sempervirens (syn. bak`in);the tree which
yields Benzoin or Benjamin,Styrax benzoin;a H bbh, bbha`, =
species of willow, Salix gyptia (Pers. H bbhn, =
syn. bed-mushk).
H bb, bba`, [S. ;
H b, s.f. 1=bh; 2 adj.=bm, q.q.v.
cf. S. , and H. bm and bb], s.f. Hillock
H bn [S. , rt. +], s.m. The
or ground thrown up by white ants, ant-hill;
woof (as opp. to tn, 'warp'); a silken thread snake's hole (since ant-hills deserted by ants are
used in weaving and sewing, &c.; a kind of commonly taken possession of by snakes).
hemispherical bucket made of iron plates
H bb, bba`, =
closely riveted together, used in raising water
for irrigation. H bbhn, =
H bn [S. , rt. +], s.m. A H bbh, bbha`, [S.
kind of rocket; a kind of sword, a sort
;cf. S. , and H. bm and bb], s.f.
of pa with a thick-edged blade and a wooden
hilt:bn bdhn, v.n. To be armed; to be Hillock or ground thrown up by white ants, ant-
ready; to be determined:bn-wl, s.m. hill; snake's hole (since ant-hills deserted by
Rocket-thrower (cf. bn-dr). ants are commonly taken possession of by
snakes).
H bn [S. +], s.m. Stake, bet,
H bna-
wager:bn bdhn, v.n. To stake, bet,
wager (syn. budn). prasth [S. +], s.m. A Brhma of the
H bn [S. +; Prk. ], s.m. third order who has passed through the stages of
student and householder and has left his house
Appearance, form, shape, colour; property,
and family for the woods (syn. sram); hermit,
habit, peculiarity; profession, caste, sect, class;
anchorite.
veil, covering; dress, garment, costume, fashion
or style of dress; uniform, livery; mask, H b, s.m.=b, 'a weight,' &c. q.v.
disguise:bn badaln, v.n. To change H b [S. , rt. ], s.m.f.
(one's) dress; to disguise oneself (syn. bhes Dividing, apportioning; division, distribution
badaln). (syn. taqsm); part, portion, share, allotment;
H bn [S. , rt. ; cf. bhn, v.n. dealing, deal (at cards); lot, concern,
To open, unfold, streten, spread; to cast;v.n. business;food given to a cow while milking
To open (=khuln); to burst open, split her:b-ba`, s.m. Apportioner,
(=phan). distributer=b; (in Arith.) denominator
H bnt, vulg. bant (cf. bn, (syn. nasab-num):b-b, s.f.=b-
'woof'), s.f. Broad-cloth. , q.v.:b-patra, s.m. Deed or record of
division of property (syn. taqsm-nma):
H bnt, vulg. bannt, adj. Made
b-phal, s.m. (in Arith.), Quotient
of broad-cloth; woollen. (syn.rij-qismat, and labdhi):b-,
H b, adj. Left s.m.f. Distribution, share, &c.=bt, q.v.
(hand)=bm, bw, by, q.q.v.

270
H b [S. ], s.m. Dividing, H bd [S. ], s.m. The parasitical
&c.; share, portion, &c.=b, q.v.;tying up plant Epidendrum tesselatum; a parasitical plant
the crops into bundles and sheaves. (syn. k-vela).
H b (part of next, q.v.), adj. H bdar, =
Divided, apportioned, &c.:b-hu`, H bdr, s.m.=bandar, q.v.
adj.=b;s.m. (in Arith.), Dividend
H bdr, =
(also ba-hu`, syn. bhjya, andmaqsm).
H bn [S. ], v.t. To H bdar, s.m.=bandar, q.v.
divide, apportion, distribute, portion out, parcel H bdarn, =
out, divide into shares; to dispense, dispose of, H bdr, s.f. (of bdar)
assign; to participate, go shares in:b den,
= bandar, q.v.
v.t. To divide, portion out (for, or in the name
of, -par), &c.=bn, q.v.:b len, v.t. To H bdr, =
participate, go shares in, &c. H bdarn, s.f. (of bdar)
H bn (caus. of ban, q.v.), v.t. = bandar, q.v.
To twist, twine. H bdn, v.t.=bdhn, q.v.
H b [S. +], s.m. Divider, H bdh (see bndhn), s.m.
apportioner, &c.; (in Arith.), divisor Fastening; tie, fetter; confinement,
(syn. bhjak, and maqsm-ilaih). imprisonment; embankment; dam.
H bhn, v.t.=bn, 'to divide,' H bndhab, s.m.=bndhav, q.v.
&c.
H bdhal-got, s.m. Name
H bj, adj. Barren, &c.=bnjh, q.v.
of a tribe inhabiting a part of Bundelkhand.
H bnjar, adj. Waste or fallow H bdhn [bdh =
(land);see banjar.
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. ], v.t. To bind,
H bjh [S. ], adj. Barren
tie, fix, fasten; to tie up, tighten; to bind up,
(woman); unproductive, sterile (soil). dress (hair, &c.); to fasten or tie (on or round),
H bjh, bj, banji [S. +, bind (round), put (on, -par; e.g. gh`o-par
or +], s.m. The tree Quercus incana, pulis bdho); to chain, enchain, fetter; to take
captive, enthral, captivate, bring under (one's)
or dilatata (common in the outer Himalaya, the
influence; to shut up, confine, imprison; to fix,
acorns of which are commonly made into
direct, fasten (hope, eyes, aim, &c. upon, -par);
necklaces for children, and are regarded as a
to shut, close, stop (water, &c.), to embank; to
charm against evil spirits).
arrest, hold back, check; to bind together, join
S bijya, s.m. Trade, commerce, together (in marriage, &c.), fasten together, put
merchandise, traffic (=banij, q.v.). together, join, connect, conglomerate, unite,
H bak, s.f. Reading, elocution gather, pack, set (e.g. gathr bdhn; ha
(see next). bdhn; hth bdhn; la
H bn [b = Prk. (), fr. bdhn; mamn bdhn); to build,
construct (dam, bridge, &c.); to compose
S. ], v.t. To read; to study; to decipher, (verses); to form, produce, make, constitute
make out. (e.g. af bdhn; nyat bdhn; sam
H bn (caus. of ban, q.v.), v.t. bdhn); to entertain, cherish, foster, have,
contract, form (enmity, friendship, &c.); to put
To pass over, overlook, disregard, neglect;
also (prov.)=ban, q.v. on, lay on, impose, levy (e.g.masl bdhn);
to put on, lay (a stake, wager, &c.); to fix, erect,
H bh [S. ], s.f. Wish, set up (a post, standard, &c.); to devise,
desire. contrive, plan; to make (of, -ko), constitute,
H bhit, bhat [S. ], regard as, compare to (e.g. t usko tr bdh,
part. adj. Wished for, desired, longed for. 'you regard her as, or liken her to, a palm'):
H bhn [Prk. =S. bdh-den, v.t.=bdhn:bdh len, v.t.
(intens. of bdhn), To bind up, tie up, &c.
, rt. ], v.n. To wish (for), to desire. H bdhn, s.m. Invention,
H bd, s.m. Name of a place in fabrication; slander, calumny; plan, plot; story,
Bundelkhand. fiction, romance; a mode of dying in which the

271
cloth is tied up in different places to prevent the H bsl, s.f. Flute, &c.=bsr,
parts tied from receiving the dye; a checked or
q.v.;a purse (=bsn).
spotted cloth; a kind of coloured silk (syn. gul-
badan); a species of parrot:bdhn H bsn [S. ], s.f. A purse
bdhn, v.n. To invent, fabricate. (=basn, q.v.).
S bndhav, s.m. Relation, relative, H bs-w [S. +], s.f.
kinsman, friend. Bamboo thicket; bamboo plantation
H bd [S. or ], s.f. A (=basw).
female slave, bondmaid (syn. laun):bd- H bs [S. + ], adj. of or
ba, bd-k be or jan, s.m. lit. 'Son of a pertaining to bamboo; made of bamboo.
bondmaid'; an obedient or submissive person. H bs [S. ], s.f. Flute, pipe,
H b [S. +], adj. & s.m. &c.=bsr, q.v.;reed of which uqqa snakes
Maimed, crippled; docked; tailless;a tailless are made; reed used by weavers and makers of
bird; a tailless snake; a man who has been artificial flowers;a kind of stone.
circumcised (applied as a term of abuse to H bnak [S. , rt. +], s.m.
Musalmans, especially in Bengal). Agreement, engagement; opportunity, occasion,
H bd (dim. of b), s.f. A short opening:bnak bann, v.n. To make an
thick stick, cudgel, club; a kind of dress: opportunity, &c.
b-bz, s.m. Cudgeller; clubman, one who H bk [S. , and cf. next], s.m.
carries and uses a club:b aakn, b Crookedness, curvature; crook, curve, bend,
aln, v.n. Clubs to be set a-going; a fight with winding, sweep; bend or reach of a river,
clubs taking place. winding course of a stream; craftiness,
H bnar [S. ], s.m. duplicity; wickedness, offence, fault;a hook
Monkey=bandar, q.v. or curved instrument to cut bamboos and sugar-
H bs [S. ], s.m. The cane with (=bk); a dagger with a curved
blade (in this and the following senses the word
bamboo, Bambusa arundinacea and stricta; a is usually fem.); a semicircular armlet
bamboo or rod, about ten feet long, used in (syn. bz); a kind of anklet; a settee; exercise
measuring land, &c.:bs-par gn, bs- with the dagger:bk-pa, s.m. A method
par ahn, v.t. To stick or raise up on a of fencing with a (wooden) dagger and cutlass.
bamboo; (fig.) to hold up to ridicule, infamy,
H bk [S. +, rt. ], adj. &
&c., to disgrace:bs-par ahn, v.n. To
climb up a bamboo; to be stuck up on a s.m. Crooked, winding, curved, bent, awry, on
bamboo; to be held up to ridicule, infamy, &c., one side; oblique, tortuous, retrograde (motion
to be branded with infamy:bs- of planets); crooked in disposition, cunning,
pho (S. vaa+sphoa), s.m. lit. 'Bamboo- fraudulent; malevolent, refractory, rebellious;
splitter'; a caste who engage in bamboo-work, foppish, coxcombish, dashing, showy, smart,
manufacturing baskets, &c. out of split gay, coquettish, wanton; fine; spirited;a fop,
beau, buck, dandy; bravo, bully; dissolute
bamboos (syn. baso, oh, om):bso
fellow, rake, rou (syn. albel);a hook or
uhaln, bso kdn, v.n. To leap or bound
curved instrument to cut bamboos, &c. with
for joy, to rejoice.
(=bk); a particular musical instrument, a bent
H bs [S. +], s.m. Bridge of trumpet made of brass:bk-tirh, adj.
the nose; back-bone, spine (syn. rh); the Crooked, curved, &c.=bk:bk-r, s.m.
bamboo tube through which the seed descends Fop, &c.=bk:bk or, s.m. Expert or
in a drilling machine; a drill-plough;a plant rare thief.
of the bamboo species (a variety of the H bk-pan [S. ], s.m.
Dendrocalamus Tulda or pek-bs) from
Crookedness, curvature, &c.; foppishness,
which a red dye is extracted (syn. piy-bs).
coxcombry, dandyism, smartness, gayness,
H bsr, bsur [S. + elegance; skittishness, wantonness; disorderly
+], s.f. Pipe, fife, flute, flageolet:bsr conduct, rakishness, debauchery.
bajn, v.n. To pipe, to play on the flute. H bkait [S. +], s.m. Beau,
H bsar, s.f. A weed (found in fop, &c.=bk.
the Dob), which is very injurious, and most H bkait, s.f. Foppishness,
difficult to eradicate. &c.=bkpan, q.v.

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P bg [rt. Zend va; S. , cf. wz], s.f. or protectors:bh or bhe cahn (-par),
Voice, sound, noise, cry, shout; the call to To tuck up the sleeves (for, or against); to get
prayer by the mu`ain from the minarets or ready (for):bh den (-ko), To lend an arm
(to), to support, assist, aid.
towers of the mosques (syn. an); crowing (of
a cock):bg den, v.n. To H bna, s.m.= bn, q.v.
call Musalmns to prayer; to crow (a cock): H bhiy [bh+iy =
bg-e-ub, s.f. The morning call to prayer:
S. ], s.m. Support, ally, protector, patron.
bg mrn, v.n. To cry out; to call:bg-e-
namz, s.f. The call to prayer (=bg). H bn [S. +], s.f. Peculiar
H bg [S. +], s.m. Cotton disposition or mental constitution; natural
with the seeds in it, undressed cotton; the cotton temper; profession, pretension; any property or
plant (syn. kaps:the word is almost peculiar virtue, &c. upon which one prides or plumes
to Bengal proper). oneself; fabric, structure; price paid for making
a thing or for doing a work (syn. banw`);a
H bgar [Prk. ; S. + ], s.m.
yellow earth with which potters ornament
Hilly ground, high ground, upland, highland, vessels;ashes;a measure of weight equal to
tableland (cf. g). eighty rupees:bn-par n (apn), To take
H bgr, adj. & s.m. Of or one's stand upon one's pretension, dignity, &c.;
pertaining to the bgar or 'hills'; a native of to be roused so as to let one's temper appear, to
the highlands, &c.;rude, rough, uncivilized, show one's natural wrath, &c.
boorish; ignorant, stupid. H bn [S. , rt. ], s.f. Weaving;
H bga = bg, q.v. thread with which cloth is woven:bn-bon,
s.f. Price or cost of weaving.
H bng [S. +], s.f. Model,
H bn [S. , rt. ], s.f. Sound,
specimen, sample, example, pattern, muster.
note, voice; speech, word, language, discourse;
P bn (S. ), s.f. Lady; woman of rank, precept, doctrine; sectarian verses of
gentlewoman. mendicants; name of the goddess of speech
H bn`, s.m. A kind of water-bird. (Sarasvat);adj. (used in comp.), voiced,
H bw [S. ], adj. & s.m. tongued, &c. (e.g. amrit-bn).
A bn (act. part. of ' to build,' &c.), s.m.
Left; left hand, left side (=by, q.v.). Builder, architect, framer, founder, author,
H bwar, s.m. Creeper, composer, inventor, contriver; source, origin;
&c.=bawar, q.v. beginner, instigator; bn-kr, s.m. Builder,
&c.=bn;adj. & s.m. Skilful, clever, expert
H bns, s.m. =
(in, -me), astute;consummate rogue, clever
H bns, s.f. A kind of cloth. rascal; swindler, sharper:bn-kr, s.f.
H bns, s.f. = Building, architecture; composition;
commencing a business; instigation; astuteness;
H bns, s.m. A kind of cloth. rascality.
H bnave, bnve [S. ], adj. H by, adj. Left
Ninety-two. (hand)=by, bw, q.q.v.
H bh [S. ], s.f. The arm (from the H , , bv, b`o [S. , rt. ], s.f.
elbow to the shoulder); sleeve; support, help; Wind, air (syn. haw); flatulency; rheumatism
supporter, protector; security, guarantee (as (=b`e); the pox, syphilis; a bubo:b`o
when a person trusts himself in the power of an bdhn, To employ flattery or raillery as a
enemy, a third person, who engages to return means of overcoming an adversary:b`o-
him to his home, &c. in security, is his bh); bats (S. vta+vta+sa), s.f. Wind-disease;
power, strength:bh buland hon, lit. 'To influence of or possession by an evil spirit
have the arm raised'; to be in a position of (syn.seb):b`o-birang, b`o-barang,
power, &c.; to be powerful:bh-bal, s.m. s.m.=b`e-birang, q.v.s.v.:b`o-band, s.f.
Strength of arm; support, ally; a younger Vain attempt (to do anything), futile effort; vain
brother;bh-bal, adj. & s.m. Strong in the imagination, castle-building; sophistry;
arm;one who is strong in the arm:bh exaggerated praise of an unworthy object:
pakan, bh gahn (-k), lit. 'To hold the arm b`o-bhar-khl, lit. 'A skin filled with wind'; a
(of)'; to aid, protect, support:bh mere wind-bag, a person of little estimation; a
n or -jn(-k), To lose one's prop, person of little or no stamina:b`o bhaakn,
support, protector, &c.; to be destitute of friends v.n. To rage like a whirlwind, to be mad, crazy,

273
&c.; to rave, prate, talk nonsense; to be H b`o, =
quarrelsome:b`o-bhak, ba`o-jhak, s.f.
Prating, twaddle, idle talk, nonsense;s.m. H b`or, s.f.=b`ol, 'a large well,'
Prater, babbler, idle talker:b`o sarn, v.n. q.v.
To break wind:b`o-sl (S. vta+la), s.m. H bwag [S. +, or ], s.m.
The colic; pain in the stomach:b`o-k rkh Seed-time (syn. bo``):bwag karn, v.t. To
batn, v.t. To make a fool of, impose on, sow.
deceive, cheat:b`o khn, v.n. To live in
pleasure and enjoyment; to court (one's) H b`ol [S. , from ], adj.
inspirations, to lead a protracted and miserable (f. -), Mad, crazy, deranged, demented, insane.
existence:b`o-khumb, s.m. An astringent H b`ol [S. +dim. aff. l =
medicine made from the bark of the khumb,
S. ], s.f. A large masonry well, generally with
or Careya arborea:b`o-ke ghoe-par sawr
hon, To fly with the wind, be as swift as the winding steps down to the water, and landing-
wind; to be puffed up, be conceited or vain; places and chambers in the surrounding wall.
ba`o-gola (S. vta-gulma), s.m. Colic; P H b`ol (from bwar-, 'fancied,'
flatulency with impaired function of the bowels; imaginary'; see bwar), s.f. The drag (thing or
acute gout; rheumatism:b`o len, v.n. To animal), with which hawks, dogs, &c. are
suck in the wind; wind-sucking (a defect in trained; lure; effigy; delusion, trick
horses). (syn. dhok):b`ol den, v.t. To initiate, to
H P bw, s.m. Father (=bb, q.v.); train.
superior; arch-rogue:bw-jn, Dear father. H bwan [S. ], adj. Fifty-
H bw, adj.=bw, by, q.q.v. two.
H b`o-bats, see s.v. b`o. H bwan, = H b`on, adj.
& s.m. Dwarfish; a dwarf, &c.=bman, q.v.
H b`ot, s.m. Flag (see next).
H b`on, = H bwan, adj.
H b`oa [from S. ], s.m. Flag.
& s.m. Dwarfish; a dwarf, &c.=bman, q.v.
banner, standard;rheumatism; cramp; spasms;
H b`on [S. ], s.f. Seed-time;
convulsionsb`o un, v.n. To hoist a
flag;to make mince-meat of, to crush. sowing.
H b`o [from ], s.m. A kind of H b`on, s.f. Community,
armlet (of gold or silver) worn by Hind company, assembly, society; company of
women. persons who raise a fund for a n in
P b-wujd, see s.v. b. the Hol festival.
H bwar, s.m. A kind of sweetmeat H bw [S. ], s.f. A large
(=bbar). well=b`ol, q.v.
A bh, s.m. Coitus; venereal passion, lust;
P bwar, s.m. [rt. Zend var; S. ()], venereal faculty, virility.
Belief, faith, confidence, trust, credit;adj. S bhu, bh, = S bh, s.f. The
True, credible, trustworthy:bwar karn, v.t.
To believe, &c. arm (=bh, q.v.):bhu-bhsh, s.f.
Ornament worn on the upper arm, armlet:
H b`or, adj.=b`ol, q.v.
bhuja, bhuj, s.m. lit. 'Arm-born';
H bwar-in, = a Kshatriya;wild sesamum:bhu-d,
H bwarin, fem. of next, q.v. s.f. lit. 'Arm-giver'; name of a river said to rise
H bwarin, = H bwar- in the Himlaya and probably identical with the
in, fem. of next, q.v. classical Hydaspes and modern Jhelum (the
P T bwar- (from bwar, q.v.), s.m. name is accounted for by a legend that a saint
Cook:bwar-na, s.m. Cook-house, recovered his lost arms by bathing in the
kitchen:bwar-gar, s.f. The culinary art; stream):bhu-da, s.m. An arm like, or as
skill in cooking. hard as, a staff; a blow or punishment inflicted
H b`or (from b`or = b`ol), with the arm:bhu-ml, s.m. Root or juncture
s.f. Name of a tribe of vagrants to the west of of the arm; arm-pit; shoulder-blade:bhu-
Dehli. yuddh, s.m. Hand-to-hand fight, close fight;
personal struggle; wrestling, boxing.
H b`or, =
S bh, = S bhu, bh, s.f. The
H b`o, s.f.=b`ol, 'a large well,'
arm (=bh, q.v.):bhu-bhsh, s.f.
q.v. Ornament worn on the upper arm, armlet:

274
bhuja, bhuj, s.m. lit. 'Arm-born'; H bhar, bhr [S. +], s.m.
a Kshatriya;wild sesamum:bhu-d,
The man who stands at the well to pour out the
s.f. lit. 'Arm-giver'; name of a river said to rise
water drawn up in the aras or leathern bucket.
in the Himlaya and probably identical with the
classical Hydaspes and modern Jhelum (the H = H bhir (from bhir),
name is accounted for by a legend that a saint s.m. The off-side, the left side (in fencing,
recovered his lost arms by bathing in the sword-exercise, &c.).
stream):bhu-da, s.m. An arm like, or as H = H bhir (from bhir),
hard as, a staff; a blow or punishment inflicted s.m. The off-side, the left side (in fencing,
with the arm:bhu-ml, s.m. Root or juncture sword-exercise, &c.).
of the arm; arm-pit; shoulder-blade:bhu-
H bharan [S. +], s.m.
yuddh, s.m. Hand-to-hand fight, close fight;
personal struggle; wrestling, boxing. Name of a medicine that carries off or
removes wind from the stomach.
H bh [S. , rt. +], s.m.
H bhar, s.m.=bhar, q.v.
Outflow of water; channel for carrying off
water, watercourse; vessel into which the juice H bhar, bhir, adj. & s.m.
of sugar-cane flows. Outward, outer, exterior, external; extraneous,
H bhattar, adj.=bahattar, q.v. extrinsic, strange, foreign;stranger, foreigner;
outsider (=par); upstart.
H bhij, adj.=bhya or vhya, q.v.
H bhak [S. ], s.m. Porter,
S bhu-j, s.m. = S
bhu-
carrier, burden-bearer; horse; horseman;
d, s.f. see s.v. bhu. waterman;one who floats.
bhu-d, s.f. = S
S bhu-j, S bhuk, adj. & s.m. Servile;
s.m. see s.v. bhu. dependent; servant, slave; monkey; the name
H bhir, bhar [S. , ] , assumed by Nala after his transformation into a
adv. & postposn. (governing gen., -ke, or abl., - dwarf.
se), Outside, exterior; externally, outward; out, S bhul, s.m. Mail, armour for the
out of; beyond, exceeding; beyond the effect or arms;the month Krtik;fire;
influence (of, -se); without, abroad, away; manifoldness, a term in Grammar implying the
intj. Out! away!:bhar-bhtar, s.m. Outside optional applicability of different rules;adj.
and inside; ingress and egress; going out, Manifold.
visiting;adv. In and out; within and
S bhulyat, s.f. =
without:bhar jn, v.n. To go out; to go
away or on a journey:bhar se, adv. From S
bhulya, s.m. Abundance, plenty,
without; externally; seemingly:bhar-k, quantity, multitude, multiplicity, manifoldness,
adj.=bhar, q.v.:bhar-kar-ke, adv. Left out, variety.
excluded, excepted, exclusive of (see next):
S bhulya, s.m. =
bhar karn or kar-den, v.t. To leave out,
omit, exclude; to put out, turn out, eject, expel; S bhulyat, s.f. Abundance,
to put away (a wife):bhar-k b, s.f. lit. plenty, quantity, multitude, multiplicity,
'Odour of the country,' rusticity, clownishness, manifoldness, variety.
boorishness:bhar-k phirne-wl, s.f. A P b-ham, adv. Together, conjointly, one
woman who goes out into the streets and with another, reciprocally, mutually; among
markets usually without a veil (in themselves (or ourselves), privately:b-ham-
contradistinction to parde-wl):bhar le- dgar, adv. Together, along with, &c.
jn, v.t. To take away; to take abroad, to (=bham); by mutual endeavours:bham-sz,
export:bhar nikaln (-se), To come out (of); adj. & adv. According, harmonious, friendly; in
to come outside; to go about in public; to be out accord, at one.
or abroad; to withdraw (from):bhar hon (- H bhman, s.m.=brhman, q.v.:
se), To be outside (of), to be excluded (from);
to be beyond the effect or influence (of), to bhman-ha, s.f.=bman-ha, q.v.
disregard (e.g. woh to mere kahne-se bhar H bhman, s.f.=brhma, q.v.
hai); to dissent (from), disapprove (of), not to H bhman [S. ], adj. Of
agree to (e.g. ham kis bt-se bhar nah, 'I
or relating to a Brahman; relating to religious
agree to everything').
worship; sacred:bhman bada, s.f.
A bhir (act. part. of ' to overcome'), adj.
The Brhman duck, (syn.akw):bhman
Surpassing, excelling, eminent; conspicuous,
l, s.f. The sacred or Brhman kite.
manifest, open, public.

275
H bhman-e, s.m.=brhma- left leg (of)'; to acknowledge the superiority or
cleverness or cunning (of):
e, q.v.
b`e, b`e, bwe, adv. To the left; on the
H bhan [S. , rt. ], s.m. left-hand side.
Vehicle, carriage, conveyance of any kind; any H byab [S. ? ], adj. & adv. Apart,
animal used in riding or draught, horse,
separate, distinct; another, quite another
elephant, ox, &c.
(e.g. yeh bt byab hai).
H bhan (see next), s.m. Course,
H byab, vulg. b`ib [S. ], s.m.
track; furrow; ploughed land (left unsown);
fallow land. The North-west.
H bhn [S. , rt. ], v.t. To H b`e-birang, baibrang,
lay open, unfold, open, spread; to expose, show s.m. See s.v. b` or b`e.
(the teeth, &c.); to open out, comb (the hair); to P byad (3rd pers. sing. aorist of byistan),
plough, till; to drudge, toil, labour; to carry on, It is necessary, it behoves:byad-
drive, prosecute, to shoot, discharge (a shyad, byad o shyad, adj. As it should be,
weapon); to pierce, penetrate, drive in; to cover fit, proper.
(an animal), impregnate. P byista (perf. part. of byistan, 'to be
necessary'), adj. Necessary, requisite;
H bhin, s.f.=vhin, q.v. becoming, fit, proper.
H bh, s.f. Arm (=bhu, q.v.); A bye`, b`e` (act. part. of ' to sell'), s.m.
walking-stick, club; shepherd's staff. Seller, merchant.
S bhya, adj. & s.m. Outer, external, H byan [S. ], =
outward; relating to abroad, foreign, strange; H b`en, bain [S. ], s.m.
outsider, stranger, foreigner; one of a low caste. Presents of sweetmeats, &c., forming part of an
H b` [S. ], s.f. Lady, mistress, offering to a deity, or prepared on festive
madam; woman, wife (local; cf. b`k); occasions, such as marriages, &c., and sent to
dancing-girl, harlot; mother bawd, la bonne: friends and acquaintances;share, allotted
b`-j, s.f. Mother bawd, the old abbess portion.
(syn. nyik). H b`en, bain [S. ], =
H b`, , b`e [S. ; H byan [S. ], s.m. Presents of
cf. b`o = S. ], s.f. Wind, air; flatulency; sweetmeats, &c., forming part of an offering to
rheumatism; delirium, raving:b`e- a deity, or prepared on festive occasions, such
birang, bai-birang, b- as marriages, &c., and sent to friends and
birang, bbrang(S. vyu+vianga), s.m. A acquaintances;share, allotted portion.
medicinal seed, Embelia ribes, employed to H b`s [S. ], adj. Twenty-
remove flatulency or rheumatism (=b`o- two.
birang, q.v.): b` pan, v.n. To be mortified; H b`s, s.f. The royal army (so
to be depressed; to die away:b` san, v.n.
called because composed of the troops of the
To break wind (=b`o sarn):b`e-me
twenty-two bas or provinces of the then
bhaakna, v.n. To prate, talk foolishly; to rave
Mogul empire);a command of twenty-two
in delirium (N.B.For compounds not found in
thousand men:b`s n (-par), To attack
this place, see s.v. b`o).
with one's whole force.
H b` [S. +], s.f. Side of a
H b`k (cf. b`), =
bedstead, &c. (syn. pa).
H b`k, b`ko, s.f. Woman,
H by, s.m.=bay, q.v.
wife. (The word is peculiar to Western India:
H by (perf. part. of bn), part. adj.
the Marah form is ).
(f. b`), Opened, spread, stretched, &c.
H b`k, b`ko, =
H by [S. ], adj. (f. b`) &
s.m. Left;the left hand (=bwn, by); H b`k (cf. b`), s.f. Woman,
(in music) the bass; the bass sound (particularly wife. (The word is peculiar to Western India:
of the tabla,holak, and pakhwaj, which are the Marah form is ).
played with the left hand):by boln, v.n.
H b` [S. ; P. ], s.f. A large
To have an omen from the left-hand side (which
is regarded as good):by well (=b`ol, the common word;
pw (or pair) pjn (-k), lit. 'To worship the

276
b` and bw would appear to H babuw, babu`, babw
be Dakkhin words). (dim. of bb, or bb), s.m. Child, boy (a
H b`e-b`e = b-b, q.v. term of endearment); clay effigy of a boy; a toy.
H b`n [S. ?], s.f. A basket H babr, = H babl, =
in which snakes are carried about for show. H babl, [S. ], s.f. The gum-
H b`h, s.f. Rheumatism (=b`, acacia tree, Mimosa arabica (the wood of
q.v.). which is commonly used in making cart-
P ba-bd, To the wind. wheels, agricultural implements, tent-pegs, &c.;
H bi-bd [S. , rt. ], s.m. and the bark, being a powerful astringent, is
used in tanning: syn. kkar, mugln):babl-
Argument, discussion, debate, controversy,
contest, dispute, altercation, quarrel; lawsuit: ke pe bon, lit. 'To plant a babl tree'; to do
something conducive to harm or to a bad end.
bibd uhn, v.n. To raise an objection; to get
up a controversy, &c.=bibd karn, q.v.: H babl, = H babr, =
bibd bhog, s.m. Disputed possession; disputed H babl, [S. ], s.f. The gum-
estate or land:bibd karn, v.n. To debate,
acacia tree, Mimosa arabica (the wood of
dispute; to wrangle, quarrel; to litigate.
which is commonly used in making cart-
H bibd [S. ], adj. & s.m. wheels, agricultural implements, tent-pegs, &c.;
Contentious, quarrelsome, litigious;disputant; and the bark, being a powerful astringent, is
litigant; plaintiff. used in tanning: syn. kkar, mugln):babl-
P A ba-b`is, adv. By reason (of, -ke), ke pe bon, lit. 'To plant a babl tree'; to do
because (of), on account (of). something conducive to harm or to a bad end.
H bibh [S. ], s.m. H babl, = H babr, =
Marriage=byh, q.v. H babl, [S. ], s.f. The gum-
P babar [Zend bawri; S. babhru], s.m. Lion;
acacia tree, Mimosa arabica (the wood of
tiger (syn. sher-babar).
which is commonly used in making cart-
H babar [S. ; but cf. babr], s.m. One wheels, agricultural implements, tent-pegs, &c.;
who crops the manes of horses. and the bark, being a powerful astringent, is
H babr- used in tanning: syn. kkar, mugln):babl-
ke pe bon, lit. 'To plant a babl tree'; to do
kher [S. +?], s.f. Noisy altercation,
something conducive to harm or to a bad end.
dissension, squabbling, quarrelling.
H babl [S. , or +],
H babar, corr. of bwar, q.v.
s.m. Whirlwind (syn. bagl).
H bi-bara [S. , rt. ], s.m. H bi-bhs, s.f. Name of a rgin or
Description, explanation, exposition, musical mode.
interpretation:bibara karn (-k), To give a H bi-bhg, s.m. Part, portion,
description (of), to describe, &c.
&c.=vi-bhg, q.v.
H bi-bar [S. ], adj. Wanting
S babhru, adj. & s.m. Brown, tan-
colour, colourless, faded in colour, pale;
discoloured. coloured (=bhr); bald-headed through
disease; large, great;brown colour; any
H babrt [S. + ?], s.m. creature or object of a brown colour; a large
Awkward or clumsy young man, clown, lout, ichneumon; an epithet of Krisha or Vishu,
bumpkin (syn. gabr). and of iva; fire; name of a sage.
H babr [S. ], s.f. Cropped or H bi-bhakt [S. ], s.f. Part,
dressed hair, fore-locks, tresses; a particular share, portion, partition; (in Gram.) affix of
method of dressing the front hair (of a girl or declension or inflection, case-sign; declension,
woman); fringe of hair worn on the forehead inflection.
(by women); cropped hair (mane and forelock)
S bubhuksh, s.f. Desire for food,
of a horse; curly hair of a camel.
P babar, babr (rel. n. of babar), adj. hunger.
Relating to the lion or tiger (babar); leonine; S bubhukshit, adj. Desirous of
tigerish; tiger-coloured. food, hungry.
H babur, s.f.=babl, q.v. H babhn, s.f. A stye on the eye,
H babal, s.f.=bavar, q.v. &c.=bmhn, q.v.

277
H bi-bhav, bi-bhau, bibho, H bi-
[S. ], = H bi- pat, bipatti, bipati [S. ], =
bhti [S. ], s.m. Power, might; H bipt, s.m. Adversity, calamity,
superhuman power or influence; substance, misfortune, trouble, disaster, mishap; distress,
thing, property, wealth, prosperity. pain, suffering:bipt pan (-par), Calamity
H bi-bhti [S. ], = or misfortune befalling, to be overtaken by
calamity, &c.
H bi-bhav, bi-bhau, bibho,
H bipt, = H bi-
[S.], s.m. Power, might; superhuman
pat, bipatti,bipati [S. ], s.m.
power or influence; substance, thing, property,
wealth, prosperity. Adversity, calamity, misfortune, trouble,
disaster, mishap; distress, pain, suffering:
H baba`, babai [S. ], s.f. A bipt pan (-par), Calamity or misfortune
kind of basil, Ocimum pilosum; also the seed of befalling, to be overtaken by calamity, &c.
the same plant; a kind of bird. H baptisma (Gr. ), s.m.
H babb, s.f. Kiss (syn. m, bos): The Christian rite of baptism. (The term has
babb len (-k), To take a kiss (from), to kiss. been introduced into the Indian dialects by the
H babes, = H babes, s.f. Christian missionary).
Hemorrhoids, piles (=bawsr, with which it is H bipra, bipr [S. ], s.m. A Brhma,
doubtless connected); the habit of suffering priest, poet or singer of Vedic hymns.
sodomy (slang). H bapur, adj. (f. -), Helpless,
H babes, = H babes, s.f.
distressed, wretched (=bp, q.v.).
Hemorrhoids, piles (=bawsr, with which it is
H biparn, v.n.=bipharn, q.v.
doubtless connected); the habit of suffering
sodomy (slang). H bipart, biprt [S. ], adj.,
P H bibiy (dim. of bb), s.f. Lady, adv. & postposn. (governing gen. -ke, or abl. -
&c. (see bb); the queen (at cards). se), Reversed, inverted, disordered; inverse,
P H bibiyna, adj. Belonging to women, converse, contrary, opposite, perverse,
female (applied to Europeans). repugnant, hostile; contrariwise (to), otherwise
(than), differently (from); in opposition (to);
H babesiy (from babes), s.m.
s.f. Opposition, contrariety, contrary
(slang), Sodomite, catamite. declaration; hostility, disaffection, mischief,
H babesiy [S. + +], ruin:bipart gy den, To reverse an order
adj. & s.m. Talking nonsense, prating, or decision:bipart buddhi, s.f.
raving;prater, chatterer (=b`o-bhak, b`o- Misconception:biprt barnan karn, To
jhak). misrepresent; to make a false statement:
H bibek [S. ], s.m. = bipart samajhn, To misapprehend,
misconceive, misunderstand, mistake:bipart
H bibekat [S. ], karn (-ke), To pervert; to turn away or aside,
s.f. Discrimination, discernment, judgment, to be hostile; to violate:biprt-lekh, s.m.
discretion; sense, intelligence, true knowledge. Misquotation; unfounded assertion.
H bibekat [S. ], s.f. = H bapush, =
H bibek [S. ], H bapukh, [S. ], s.m. The
s.m. Discrimination, discernment, judgment, corporeal frame, the body.
discretion; sense, intelligence, true knowledge. H bapukh, =
H bibek, adj. & s.m. H bapush, [S. ], s.m. The
Discriminating, discriminative, discerning, corporeal frame, the body.
judicious, prudent, discreet, sensible, just, fair,
H bi-pal [S. ], Moment, instant,
upright;judge, discriminator, sage,
philosopher. second.
P ba-p, adj. On foot; standing, raised, H bap-as [S. +], s.m. Father's
established:ba-p hon, To be raised, portion, patrimony, inheritance, &c. (=bapot,
established, pitched. q.v.).
H bapat, bapt, adj. Secret, hidden, H bapaut, bapot [S. +
concealed.
+ = ], adj. & s.f. Inherited from a father,

278
patrimonial, hereditary, ancestral;patrimony, na, but-kadah, s.m. Idol-temple, pagoda:
inheritance, heritage, paternal estate, ancestral but-shikan, s.f. Image-breaking, iconoclasm.
property:bapaut adhikr, s.m. Hereditary H but, s.m. Hazard-table, an inclined
right; right by or of succession:bapot ml,
plane along which dice or cowries are rolled (in
s.m. Patrimony, inherited property; ancestral
gambling);blow with the fist; box on the ear;
property.
cuff (=butt).
H baphr, s.m. Vapour,
H bat, s.m. Bamboo-lath, a thin slip of
&c.=bhapr, q.v.
bamboo;an oblong stone on which
H baphr, adj. & s.m.=bapaut, condiments, &c. are levigated (=ba, q.v.).
q.v. H bitt [S. ], s.m. Span, hand's
H bipharn [S. ], v.n. breadth.
To struggle (against, -se), resist; to disagree, jar, H butt [S. +], s.m. Pretext,
clash; to become vexed, irritated or enraged
evasion, shuffling; over-reaching, trickery,
(with, -se), to break into a passion (syn. in);
cajolery, fraud, deception:butt den, v.t. To
to break loose from control. to revolt, rise
evade, shuffle; to overreach, take in, trick,
(against), make an attack (upon); to turn wild
cheat, deceive.
and wanton, run riot; to get into disorder, run to
ruin; to be perverse, refractory. obstinate, &c. H butt, s.m. Blow, cuff, box (=but).
(=hh hon); to insist, persist (in). H batt (imperf. part. of batn,
H biphai, s.m. Thursday (=bihphai, q.v.), adj. (f. -), Indicating, indicatory,
q.v.). representing, &c.:batt lakr, s.f. (Math.)
H bapait, adj. & s.f.=bapaut, q.v. Line of representation or demarcation;batt
lakr np, s.f. Analytical Geometry (syn. bj-
H bat, s.m. The worm which is gait np; arsh--mart).
destructive to shipping, ship-worm, Teredo. H bitr, s.m. Spreading, extension,
H bat (in comp.)=bt, 'word,' &c.:bat- &c.=vi-str, q.v.
bhar, adj. External; extraneous; foreign:bat H butrad, s.m.? A term applied to
bah`o, s.m. Garrulity, talkativeness, prolixity;
an extra cess upon a cultivator.
chica nery; wrangling:bat-ban, s.m. Talker;
orator sophist; inventor, fabricator, concocter of H bats (see next), s.f. Wind, air:
stories:bat kah, adj. & s.m. Loquacious, bats-phen, s.f. A kind of sweetmeat (cf. next).
garrulous; a great talker &c. (=btn, q.v.): H bats, =
bat-kah`o, s.m., bat-kah, s.f. Loquaciousness,
garrulity, talkativeness, conversibleness; H bat, [S. ++],
discourse, dialogue. s.m. lit. 'A thing filled with wind'; bubble;
H bat (in comp.)=bt or vta, 'wind': sweetmeat or sugar-cake (of a spongy texture,
and hollow within);a kind of firework (a
bat soh karn, v.t. To ventilate. small anr, q.v.):bats-s ghuln, v.n. To
P bat (=S. ), s.m. A line drawn to dissolve or melt away like a bats, to fade
distinguish separate names in a catalogue, or rapidly away; to become a shadow.
separate items in an account; line, mark, score. H bat, =
H bitt, bit, bitu [S. , rt. ], s.m. H bats, [S. ++],
Wealth, riches, property, possessions, money, s.m. lit. 'A thing filled with wind'; bubble;
substance, thing; power, ability, means, sweetmeat or sugar-cake (of a spongy texture,
resources:bit-bhar, adj. Out of (one's) and hollow within);a kind of firework (a
power, beyond (one's) means. small anr, q.v.):bats-s ghuln, v.n. To
P but (=S. ), s.m. Idol, image, statute; a dissolve or melt away like a bats, to fade
beloved object, mistress (=mshq); blockhead, rapidly away; to become a shadow.
dolt;adj. Stock-still, speechless, dumb; P A ba-ta`amul, adv. With reflection or
stupefied, senseless:but bann, To turn into a deliberation; thoughtfully, &c.
statute, become rigid and speechless as a H batn, s.m.=bathn, bahn, q.q.v.
statue:but-parast, s.m. A worshipper of
H bitn, s.m. Awning, canopy,
images, an idolater;but-parast, s.f. Image-
worship, idolatry:but-tarsh, s.m. A carver of &c.=vi-tn, q.v.
images or idols; sculptor:but-tarsh, s.f. H batn [bat = batw =
Sculpture, statuary; the art of a sculptor:but-
Prk. ()=S. (rt. )+ ()], s.m.

279
A bracelet or ring of metal (worn by men and H batsal, adj. Kind, loving,
women);an under-turban (used to swell out
&c.=vatsal, q.v.
and-give shape to the outer turban, or to keep it
P batak, s.f. Duck=batak, q.v.
from being soiled by the perspiration of the
P butak (dim. of but, q.v.), s.f. A little idol.
head); an old or ragged turban;livelihood,
maintenance, support, help, aid. H batakkar (from bt), adj. & s.m.
H batn [S. , rt. , or Garrulous, loquacious;great talker, &c.
(syn. bat-kah, btn).
rt. +H. caus. aff. n], v.t. To cause to
H bat-kah, adj. & s.m. See
comprehend or understand, to teach, to make
s.v. bat.
intelligible, to explain, describe, shew, point
out, direct, indicate, signify; to tell, say, relate,H batln, v.t. To explain, tell,
make known, discover, disclose; to indicate or &c.=batn, q.v.;v.n. To talk, converse,
make known by signs, gestures, &c.; to &c.=bitrn, batiyn, q.q.v.
gesticulate; to instruct as to, to appoint (a task, H bittam-bittam [S. ],
work, &c.).; to teach (one) a lesson, to
adv. Little by little, bit by bit, piecemeal, in
chastise;v.n. To seem to be, to appear:
detail; by degrees; gradually.
bat-den, v.t.=batn.
H bitn, v.n. To pass; to come to pass,
H bitn (caus. of btn, q.v.), v.t.
&c.=btn, q.v.
To cause to pass, to pass, spend (time).
H butn [but = Prk. (), or (),
H butn (caus. of butn, q.v.), v.t.
To extinguish, put out (fire, light, &c.; or ()=S. ( ), rt. ++ ], v.n.
syn. bujhn). To go out, be extinguished (a light, &c.;
H bat`o, s.m. (from next)=bat`, q.v. syn. bujhn).
P ba-tang, adj. In straits, in difficulties;
H batwan, v.t.=batn, q.v. distressed, harassed, vexed:ba-tang n, ba-
H batw-nmb, s.m. The tang hon, v.n. To be distressed, &c.
shaddock or pumelo, Citrus H bat-ungl (bat = rt. of batn,
decumana (syn. akotr). q.v.), s.f. lit. 'The pointing finger'; the fore-
H buty, s.f. Explaining, instructing finger.
(=bujh`). H bitwn (caus. of byotn,
P A ba-tadrj, adv. By degrees, gradually q.v.), v.t. To cause to be measured; to have
(syn. rafta-rafta). (one) measured or fitted.
H batar, s.m.? Land in a state fit for the H bitaur, s.m.=biaur, q.v.
plough. H batoran, s.m.=baoran, q.v.
P batar, battar (i.e. bad-tar, compar.
of bad), adj. Worse; very bad. H batr [S.], s.f. Chick-
A batar, adj. Dock-tailed (animal), wanting pea (ca) of a small kind, Cicer Arietinum.
the tail; mutilated;destitute of good qualities H batauri [S. +], s.f. A
(=abtar, q.v.). flatulent or dematous swelling; tumour; boil
H bitr- (syn. phuiy, bal-to).
band [S. +; P. ], s.f. Detailed A batl, s.f. A virgin; a pure and chaste
woman, who is detached from worldly things
settlement=bila-band, q.v.
and devoted to God (usually applied to the
H batrn, v.n. To talk, Virgin Mary, and toFtimah, daughter of
converse=batiyn, batln, q.q.v. Mohammad and wife of 'Al).
H bitrn, v.t. To bespatter, &c. H batol [S. + +], s.m.
(=bithrn, q.v.); to asperse, calumniate, vilify, Talking (one) into, duping, overreaching, &c.
denounce; to belie. (=butt, q.v.);deceiver, cajoler, cheat:
H bitara [S. , rt. ], s.m. batole-me n (-ke), To be wheedled, duped,
Giving up, abandoning; donation, gift, charity, deceived, cheated, &c. (=dam-me n).
alms. H batolan (from batol), s.f.
H bitarn (see bitara), v.t. To Loquacious woman, one who talks people over;
give away, bestow, grant. a wheedling, deceitful woman; a cheat.
H bats, s.m. A kind of rice. H batolan, s.m.=baoran, q.v.

280
H batol (see batol), s.f. Vain or To show a light; to apply a match (to); to set
alight, to burn.
frivolous talk; jesting, buffoonery.
H bitt, s.f. A boys' game (a boy throws
H bato [S. ], s.m.? Cool
forward a small round potsherd with his foot,
refreshing wind that blows down from the
which another boy has to bring back with his
snows of the Himalayas after sunset. (The term
breath held, and cryingbitt, bitt); a run.
is used chiefly by the hill-people: in the plains
this wind is called hh.) H butt [S. ], s.f. Means of
H batn, adj. & s.m.=btn, q.v. subsistence; provision (for a journey):butt
lekar andhr hhn, To search earnestly
H batwon, s.m.? Preparation of for (anything), to go in search (of); to rummage.
land for the reception of seed. H batiy [S. , rt. ], s.f. A
H bith [S. ], s.f. Disquietude, species of egg-plant; a kind of brinjal; green or
agitation; pain, agony; anguish, ache; distress, unripe fruit or vegetable (generally);adj.
misery, trouble. Unripe, raw, green; soft, tender, delicate
H bithrn [bithr = (=komal).
Prk. ()=S. (), caus. of H bittiy [S. +], s.m. lit. 'A
span high'; a dwarf (syn. blishtiy).
rt. +], v.t. To spread, scatter, &c.
H batiyan (from bt), v.n. To
(=bithrn, q.v.; and see also bitharn, of
which it is the caus.). talk, speak, converse, discourse (=bt
karn, batrn).
H bithr (from bithrn), s.f.
H batiy`, baty`, s.f. Talking;
Brushing or cleansing the warp (=bithr).
talk, conversation, &c.=bt-t.
H bathn [S. +], s.m. Hut or
H bitt, batt [S. ], part.
shed in the jungle (used by graziers); cattle-
fold, open place in a field into which cattle are adj. Passed, elapsed, gone, spent, bygone:
bitt karn or kar-den, To pass, spend
driven at night; pasture-ground (syn. bahn).
(time):bitt hon(-me), To be passed or
H bithrn (=bithrn), v.t. To spent (in).
spread, scatter, strew; to sprinkle; to bespatter; H bittn, , battn, v.n. To
to splash, spill; to waste.
pass, elapse, &c. (=bitt hon, btn); to happen
H bitharn (fr. the (to), to betide.
trans. bithrn), v.n. To be spread, sown, H batts, bats [S. ], adj.
scattered; to be sprinkled, splashed, &c.
Thirty-two:batts a hran, s.m. The thirty-two
H bitharwn (caus.
jewels worn by women:batts dt k
of bitharn), v.t. To cause to be spread, &c. bhk or bhaky, The utterance of a mouth
H bithr, s.f.=bithr, q.v. which has its full complement of (thirty-two)
teeth; curse (in the language of women):
H bithakn, v.n. To be alarmed,
batts-dhr, s.m. batts-dhr, s.f. Mother's
scared, &c.=bijhakn, q.v. milk, which is supposed to flow in thirty-two
H bathuw, bathw, bath streams).
u` [S. ], s.m. The pot- H batts, bats, s.m. A tonic
herb Chenopodium album;orach; the herb composed of thirty-two ingredients given to
'all-heal'; a herb which springs up with fever patients, to women after childbirth, and to
the rab` or spring crops. mares after foaling.
H bathiya, s.f. Heap of dried cow- H batts, bats, s.f. An aggregate
dung. of thirty-two things (e.g. singhsan batts); set
H bat (dim. of bt), s.f. Word, speech of teeth (thirty-two in number):batts
bajn, lit. 'The teeth to rattle'; to shiver with
(cf. bati-yn). cold:batts dikhn (-ko), To show the teeth
H batt [S. ], s.f. Wick, candle, light, (to); to laugh, grin (syn. dt dikhn).
lamp; match; slip of bamboo, &c.; bundle of H ba [S. ], s.m. The banyan or Indian
bamboos; tent or bougie; stick (of sealing-wax);
fig-tree, Ficus indica (commonly ba); a small
twisted folds of a turban:batti ahn (- shell, the Cypra moneta or cowry.
me), To put a candle in the candlestick; to
raise the wick (of a lamp):batt dikhn (-ko), H ba [S. ], s.m. Division, partition,
portion, share, lot (=b, q.v.).

281
H ba [S. ], s.m. Turn, twist, fold, ply, H ban (caus. of ban, q.v.), v.t.
plait, wrinkle or fold on the belly (from fatness, To cause to be shared or divided; to divide or
&c.); tripe. divert (the attention)=bawn.
H ba (contr. of b = S. ), s.m. A H ban (caus. of ban, 'to twist'),
measure of weight, a weight (syn. ba-khar). v.t. To cause to be twisted (=bawn).
H ba (contr. of b, 'road,' q.v.), s.m. H bin, v.t. To spread,
Road, path, way:ba-pr, ba-p, ba-mr, &c.=bithrn, biln, q.q.v.
s.m. Highwayman, footpad, robber:ba- H ba` [S. , or H. 'road'+S.
p, ba-mr, s.f. Highway robbery
(syn. akait). aff. ], s.m. Wayfarer, traveller; highway
H ba [S. , or +], s.m. robber (?).
Exchange, discount; difference of exchange; H , bat`o (v.n. of next), s.m.
deduction, deficiency, loss; defect, blemish, Divisibility.
flaw; fault, offence, injury; derogation, H bawn, v.t.=ban, bawn,
detraction; stain, stigma;a cylinder of wood q.v.
or stone with which condiments, drugs, &c. are
H bath, s.f.=next, q.v.
frayed or pulverized (on a slab called sil, q.v.),
a muller;jewel-box, casket; betel-box H ba` [v.n. from ba-n;
(syn. ibiy); a juggler's cup or box; a round or=S. +], s.f. Division, partition; part,
looking-glass or mirror:ba n (-me),
share; share of produce; division of the crop;
Loss (of reputation, &c.) to accrue, stain to fall
apportionment in kind; rent of land paid in
(upon); to be stained, sullied, &c. (=ba
kind;division of the crop between the
lagn):ba den, v.t. To pay discount or cultivator and zamndr (or the Government, as
exchange; to suffer a loss; to make up a loss or
landlord):ba`-patr, s.m. Deed of partition
deficiency:ba-hl, adj. & s.m. Level,
(syn. taqsm-nma):ba`-paidwr, s.f.
even;levelling; ruins, complete destruction:
Division of produce or crops:ba`-dr, s.m.
ba-sa, s.m.=sa-ba, q.v.:ba
A cultivator who is a shareholder with the
lagn (-ko, -me), To charge discount; to cast landlord in the crop.
a stain or slur (upon, -me), derogate or detract
(from); to defame, calumniate, vilify, H ba` (v.n. from ban, 'to twist'),
stigmatize;ba lagn (-ko, -me), To be s.f.=baw`, q.v.
liable or subject to discount; to suffer the H biap [S. ], s.m. Young branch
casting of a stain or slur (on); to lose (one's) of a tree, new shoot or sprout; branch; tree,
good name or reputation; to be sullied, bush; clump, cluster, tuft;spreading,
tarnished, &c.:bae-bz, s.m. Juggler; expansion.
trickster, humbug, cheat, swindler;bae-bz, H ba-p, s.m. See s.v. ba, 'road.'
s.f. Juggling, jugglery, sleight of hand; trickery,
cheating, swindling:bae-par, adv. At a
H baurn (see baorn), v.n. To be
discount or advantage; at a reduction collected, be amassed; to collect, gather,
(e.g. bae-par ardn):bae-dr, adj. assemble.
Liable to discount; injured, defaced, cracked H bar [dim. of ba,
(coin, &c.):bae-khte, s.m. Loss and gain,
profit and loss; bad debts; irrecoverable or=S. ++], s.f. A small cup.
balance;bae-khte likhn (-ko), To put H buk, s.m.=buk and bukk, q.q.v.
down to profit and loss, enter as a doubtful
H ba-khar, ba-kar (b,
debt:ba len (-me), To take or charge
discount (=ba lagn). 'weight'+khar, 'standard'), s.m. Weight used in
weighing goods.
H bar, s.m. Name of a tribe
H bal, adj. (prov.)=baur,
of Gjars, q.v.
'assembled.'
H biln [S. ], v.t. To
H bi-lava [S. ,
spread, &c.=bithrn, bin, biln, q.q.v.; to
put (food) into (the mouth), to taste (food); rt. +], s.m. Black salt, a particular kind
e.g. muh biln. of fetid salt (obtained by fusing fossile salt with
emblic myrobalans, and used medicinally).

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H ba-loh, = land; allotment of shares; separation of
coparceners, detachment of the share of an
H balo`, [S. + +], s.f. A individual coparcener;deed or document
brass vessel from which Hinds drink water, under which partition of land is made
and in which they cook their food (syn.lo). (syn. ba`-patr):bawr karn, v.t. To
H balo`, = H ba- divide, share; to make a partition of land.
H =
loh, [S. + +], s.f. A brass vessel from
H , bawr [S. ++], s.m.
which Hinds drink water, and in which they
Partition, share; division or partition of land;
cook their food (syn.lo).
allotment of shares; separation of coparceners,
H ba-mr, s.m. See s.v. ba, 'road.' detachment of the share of an individual
H bi-ms [S. , rt. +], coparcener;deed or document under which
s.m. A coarse species of pulse (of the msh, or partition of land is made (syn. ba`-patr):
of the kalya kind). bawr karn, v.t. To divide, share; to make a
partition of land.
H bat-mogr, ba-
H bawn (caus.
mgr [S. + +], s.m. lit. 'The twining
of ban or ban), v.t. To cause to be divided,
or climbing jasmine'; the double &c.; to distribute.
jasmine, Jasminum zambac (syn.bel).
H bawn (caus. of ban, 'to
H ban [bat =
twist'), v.t. To cause to be twisted; to get or
Prk. ()=S. (), pass. of rt. ], v.n. have twisted (by).
To be divided, shared, or distributed H baw` [rt. baw of bawn+
(cf. ban, bn);v.t. To divide, share,
= S. aff. ], s.f. The act or the art of twisting
&c.; to obtain, gain, make profit (e.g. ham-ne j
ub-se das rupaya ba):bat-jn, v.n. To (ropes, &c.);price paid for twisting.
be divided, &c.=ban. H baor [S. +], s.m.
H ban [S. , ], v.t. To Gathering, assemblage, crowd; resort.
twine, twist, form by convolutions (as thread, H biaur [S. ++], s.m.
rope, &c.), to plait, weave;v.n. To be twisted, Heap of cakes of dried cowdung (used for fuel).
&c. H baoran (see baor and baorn),
H ban, s.m. An instrument with s.m. Gathering in or collecting grain at the time
which ropes are twisted. of harvest; pickings, gleanings; sweepings,
H bun, s.m. rubbish.
Cosmetic=uban, uban, q.q.v. H baorn (baor, q.v.+n =
H bin, s.f.=bhin, q.v. S. ), v.t. To gather up, collect, purse; to
H baaniy, s.m. Proprietor or bring together, assemble; to accumulate, amass.
holder of a share (ba or ba), shareholder. H biaur [S. +?], s.f. A tax
bauw,
H bau`, ba`, on shopkeepers, &c. in a village.
H baolan, s.m.=baoran, q.v.
baw [S.+], s.m. A small bag
with divisions or folds (used for holding H bion, v.t. To scatter,
money, betel-nut, tobacco, &c.); a draw-purse. &c.=bin, q.v. (cf. the
H bau`, baw [S. +], forms ubn and ubon).
s.m.=ba-loh, q.v. H biaun, bion (dim of be),
H biu`, biw [S. +; or s.m. Little son, &c.=biw, q.v.
dim. of be], s.m. Little son; dear son; little H baoh, =
boy, child. H bao`, [S. ++], s.m.
H bawr, bawl, s.m. Tax- Wayfarer, traveller (=ba`, q.v.The
gatherer who levies a tax levied in kind; form bao`iy also occurs).
customs or police officer stationed on a road to H bao`, =
collect transit duties.
H = H baoh, [S. ++], s.m.
H , bawr [S. ++], Wayfarer, traveller (=ba`, q.v.The
s.m. Partition, share; division or partition of form bao`iy also occurs).

283
H bawaiy (from bawn, q.v.), H ba, s.f. corr. for bha, q.v.;
s.m. One who allots or distributes shares, also=baiy, q.v.
allotter, apportioner. H bi, s.f. Pair, couple, match:bi
H baa, s.m.= ba, q.v.;and budn, v.n. To couple, match, form pairs.
incorrectly)=bhatta, q.v. H batiy [S. +], s.f. (dim.
H bihln, v.t.=bihn, q.v. (cf. of b, 'road'), Path, footpath, pathway, narrow
also the forms bihln, baihn, baihln). passage.
H bahn, s.m.=bathn, q.v. H baiy [S. +], s.f. A small
H bihn (causat. of baihn, q.v.), weight (b); a small round stone for weighing,
v.t. To cause to enter; to enter, place (in, -me, grinding, &c.;a cocoanut; (met.) the breasts
as a boy in a school); to pierce, penetrate, thrust (of a woman).
in, drive home, press down, ram down, pack H bay (for baa`iy, see ba`), s.f.
closely, stuff, fix firmly;to cause to be seated, A silken cord adorned with three fringes used
cause to sit, to seat; to settle; to set (as a stone by women to tie their hair behind.
in a ring, &c.), to plant, sow; to cause to H baaiy (from baa`), s.m. One who
congeal, coagulate, solidify; to cause to cake,
twists silver (or gold) thread and silk together; a
form into lumps; to locate, station, lodge; to
maker of kal-battn.
instal; to establish, fix, set up; to cause to settle
down; to lay (as dust, &c.), to allay, calm, H biiy, biy (dim. of be), s.f.
assuage; to set (over, -par, as a watch, guard, Little daughter; daughter.
&c.); to fix or impress (on, -me, the mind), to H bae-bz, s.m. See s.v. ba.
implant (in the mind), impress (the mind with
an idea), strike (terror, &c. into the mind); to set H baait [S. +],
in order, settle, arrange, adjust; to make out (a s.m.=bawaiy, baait, q.q.v.
calculation, &c.), strike (a balance); to H baer [S. ], s.f. The
establish, get up, cause to be convened quail, Perdix olivacea.
(a panyat, &c.); to come into possession of,
gain, realize, gather, collect; to make (the heart) H baair, s.m. Weights and scales.
sink or faint (dil bihn):bih-den, v.t. (See b.)
(intensive ofbihn, but often used in the sense H baair, = H baai, s.f.
of bihn), To cause to fall in, cause to sink or A Hind marriage ceremony in which the bride
founder; to demolish, destroy, raze, level, ruin; presents the bridegroom with a wedding
to melt, dissolve; to settle, knock down, stun, garment and some money.
&c. (with, -me, a blow); to stake, bet (upon, - H baai, = H baair, s.f.
par); to gamble away, lose:bih-rakhn, v.t.
A Hind marriage ceremony in which the bride
To keep seated; to detain; to keep (a
presents the bridegroom with a wedding
marriageable or married daughter) at home; to
garment and some money.
refuse to give in marriage;bih-len, v.t. To
make (one) sit=bihn (generally in an H baes [S. ], s.m. Way, road;
intensive sense). path, pathway, passage (syn. b and baiy).
H bihak, s.m. Ant-hill. H baeth [S. +?], s.m.
H bihln, v.t.=bihn, q.v. Holder of a share, &c.=baaniy.
H baaihr, s.f.=baair, q.v.
H bahn, v.n. To enter
(=paihn, baihn, q.v.). H bij, s.m.=bj, q.v. (used chiefly in
H bahn, v.n. To be twisted, comp.).
P ba-j, adj. In place; proper, suitable, fit,
&c.=ban, q.v. becoming; right, just, true;adv. Fitly,
H bihn, v.n. (local)=baihn, q.v. properly, rightly, as it should be all right; just
H bahu`, s.m.=bathu`, q.v. so, precisely; (ironically) just so, very true, very
like a whale;ba-j`e, prep. In place (of, -ke),
H baa` (from ban, and=ba`, in lieu of, instead of:ba-j-war, s.f.
q.v.), s.f. The art of twisting silver thread (or Performance, accomplishment, fulfilment,
gold thread) and silk together (to form kal- execution, discharge:ba-j ln, v.t. To
battn). perform, accomplish, fulfil, execute, discharge,
carry out (an order, &c.), give effect to; to
comply with, obey (=bajn).

284
H bij [S. +], s.m.=bijr, q.v. H bajattar, =
H bajjj, bajj, s.m. corr. H bajattr, s.m.=bjantr, q.v.
of bazzz, q.v. H bajattr, =
H bajr, s.m. corr. of bzr, q.v.
H bajattar, s.m.=bjantr, q.v.
H bijr [S. +], s.m. Bull; P A ba-jid, adj. In earnest; pressing,
stallion (cf. bijl);(met.) a lusty, profligate importunate, persistent, obstinate,
man. determined;ba-jid ho-ke, adv. Earnestly;
H bajk [S. +], s.m. A importunately, &c.:ba-jid hon, v.n. To be in
earnest; to press or urge (one) earnestly or
species of serpent.
vigorously; to be importunate; to be obstinate or
H bijl (see bijr), adj. Having determined; to insist; to persist.
seed or grain, seedy; abounding in seed; run to H bajar (cf. next), adj. Having a
seed.
projecting navel; afflicted with a disease of the
P H ba-j ln, v.t. See s.v. ba-j.
navel; having a projecting belly; pot-bellied.
P ba-jn, adv. With (one's) whole soul,
heartily, cheerfully;in or to the soul; at or to H bajr, bajar, bajjar [S. ], adj.
the point of death; in great straits, in great Adamantine, hard, impenetrable; massive,
distress, in the utmost perplexity:ba-jn n, ponderous, heavy, unwieldy; heavy of
v.n. To be in imminent danger; to be in the movement, slow; severe, difficult, hard; shaped
utmost distress or perplexity; to be greatly like a (St. Andrew's, or multiplication) cross;
harassed, plagued, annoyed, vexed, &c.:ba- s.m. The thunderbolt and weapon of Indra,
jn ln, v.t. To worry to death, to plague, thunderbolt, lightning; adamant, diamond; a
harass, annoy exceedingly, worry, tease, vex, hard, heavy stone:bajr-ang (S. vajrng,
disgust. i.e. vajra+anga), bajr-ang, adj. & s.m. Having
P H bajn (caus. of bajn, q.v.), a hardy frame;a title of Hanumn; a robust,
v.t. To execute, &c.=ba-j ln, q.v. hardy man:bajr-ang (S.vajra+akita), adj. &
s.f. Marked with a cross-shaped symbol;a
H bajn [S. , rt. , cross-shaped tilak or mark made with red lead
or +H. caus. aff. n], v.t. To cause to on a Hind's forehead:bajr-
sound, to sound; to play on (a musical ght (S.vajra+ghata), s.m. Stroke of a
instrument), to perform or execute music; to thunderbolt; stroke of lightning; any sudden
beat (a drum, gong, &c.); to cause to ring or shock or calamity:bajar-
resound; to try the ring of (a vessel, coin, &c. in ba (S. vajra+spha+uka), s.m. The umbrella-
order to ascertain its soundness); to put in bearing palm, Corypha umbraculifera; the
action, set agoing, ply (e.g. jte bajn): seeds of the same palm (which are used as
bajne-wl, s.m. Player on a musical beads for necklaces by certain sects of Hinds:
instrument, musician; minstrel (syn. bjantr). 'The tree flowers but once and dies, and the
natives firmly believe that the bursting of the
H bujn, v.t.=bujhn, q.v.
spadix is accompanied by a loud explosion';
P ba-j`e, prep. See s.v. ba-j. whence the name):bajr-bhg, s.m. Tobacco
H bij` [S. +], s.f. Portion of (syn. tambk):bajr pan (-par), Lightning
seed-corn which the poorer classes are allowed to fall (upon), to be struck by a thunderbolt, or
to take from the field. by lightning; to be withered, be blasted, be
H bijyah, s.m. A kind of stricken with calamity (used in cursing,
e.g. bajr pae uspar):bajr-hand, s.m. Name
ornament worn on the arm, armlet
of one of the metres of Hind poetry:bajr-k,
(=bijaih, bijauh).
s.m. lit. 'Hard reptile'; the scaly ant-eater, the
H bajbaj (perf. part. of next), adj. Pangolin or Manis: a kind of penetrating insect
(f. -), Boiled; fermented; putrefied. which bores holes in wood and stone.
H bajbajn, H bajr [S. +], s.m. A kind of
vulg. bibijn (redupl. of baj-, rt. of bajn; boat commonly used for travelling; a large kind
arising out of the sound given forth by a boiling of pleasure-boat (round-bottomed and keel-
or fermenting liquid, &c.), v.n. To simmer, less,commonly called 'budgerow').
bubble, boil; to effervesce; to ferment; to H bajar-
putrefy.
P A ba-jabr, adv. By force or violence, ba [S. ++], s.m. See s.v. bajr.
forcibly, violently (=bi`l-jabr, and jabr-se).

285
H bajrang [S. +], adj. &c.=bjantr, q.v.:bajantr-maal, s.m. The
& s.m. See s.v. bajr. quarter inhabited by musicians; a brothel.
H bajra, s.m.=bajr, q.v. P A ba-jins, adj. & adv. In kind, in detail;
in some sort; particularly; by kind;ba-jinsi-hi,
H bajr (dim. of bajra or bajr), s.f. adj. & adv. Exactly the same, the very identical;
Gravel; small hailstone (syn. ol). exactly as it is; intact, entirely, bodily.
H bijur, bijr, s.f.=bijl, q.v. H bajn (from bajn), s.f. Quarrel,
P ba-juz, prep. With the exception (of, -ke), fight, row, uproar.
excepting, except, besides. H bajaniy (from bajn), s.m.
H bajull (dim. of bj = bz), Musician, minstrel (=bjantr, q.v.).
s.m. An ornament worn on the upper arm; H bijj, bijjo, s.m. An animal
armlet.
that digs open graves and feeds on dead bodies,
H bijl, bijul [S. +dim. the Indian badger, Ursus indicus; (locally) a
aff. l = S. ], s.f. Lightning; thunderbolt hyena.
(=bajr):bijl-ba`o, s.m. Safeguard against H bajwn (caus. of bajn), v.t.
lightning; lightning-conductor:bijl-bal, s.m. To cause to sound; to get (one) to play (on an
Electricity:bijl pan, bijl n, bijl instrument); to have (a drum, &c.) sounded.
girn (-par), Lightning to fall (upon), to be H bijauh (from bj), A kind of
struck or destroyed by lightning; to be blasted
armlet (=bijyah).
(=bajr pan, q.v.):bijl-k kaak, s.f.
Thunder-clap. H bajon (rel. to bajn), v.t. lit.
H bijl [S. +dim. aff. li], s.f. 'To cause to ring or resound by beating' to beat
severely; to give (one) a good hiding or
'Small seed or stone'; the kernel of a mango-
dressing.
seed; a kind of ear-ring (consisting of a hook
with a pendant in the shape of the kernel of a H bijog [S. , rt. ], s.m.
mango-seed). Separation, disunion, disjunction; absence
H bajam [prob. S. ; Prk. ], (especially of lovers); deprivation, loss;
death;unlucky conjunction of planets;adj.
adj. Still, quiet; lying still (through fear or
Parted, separated, disjoined, severed:bijog
fatigue); crouching, contracting oneself;
delaying. pan, v.n. To be parted, separated, &c.; an
untoward event to betide; to be overtaken by
H bijan, adj.=vi-jan, q.v. misfortune.
H bajn (i.q. bjn, q.v.), v.n. To H bijog [S. ], s.m. (f. -in),
sound; to strike (as a clock, &c.); to be One who is separated (from his beloved); a
sounded; to be struck (as a gong, &c.), be wretched or miserable person; an unfortunate
played upon (as a musical instrument), be rung person.
(as a bell), be fired (as a gun); to chatter (as the H bajja [rt. S. ], s.m. Cutting
teeth); to ring, resound, be famous or
celebrated; to be busy or active (as a sword, open, lancing; piercing, spearing; swelling to
stick, &c.); to be generally known or called (by, the point of bursting (as cattle through over-
-se, a name, &c.), to go by the name (of). eating).
H bajn, s.m. A child's toy, rattle;a H bajh [S. ], s.m. Marshy
rupee (used among brokers). soil, quagmire, bog.
H bijn, s.m. A fan=bjn, q.v. H bujhrat (from bujhr-n, an

H bujn, v.n.=bujhn, q.v. unused caus.=bujhn+at = S. ), s.f.

Settlement or adjustment of accounts.
H bujn, s.m. Cloth used by a
H bajhn (caus. of bajhn, q.v.), v
menstruous woman; pessary (=bujhn).
t. To entangle, inveigle; to ensnare (as game),
H bajantar, = entrap, catch.
H bajantr, s.m. Musician, H bujhn (caus. of bjhn, q.v.),
&c.=bjantr, q.v.:bajantr-maal, s.m. The v.t. To cause to know, to make (one) understand
quarter inhabited by musicians; a brothel. or comprehend; to explain, inform, apprize,
H bajantr, = teach; to demonstrate; to cause to believe, to
assure, persuade, convince, satisfy
H bajantar, s.m. Musician, (syn. samjhn).

286
H bujhn (caus. of bujhn, q.v.), tired or weary (of, -se); to be shuffled (as
cards):bujh-jn = bujhn.
v.t. To put out, extinguish (a fire, light, &c.); to
allay, quench (thirst); to relieve, satisfy H bujhn, s.m.=bujn (the com.
(hunger); to slake (lime); to temper (steel); to form), q.v.
disinfect water (by plunging heated iron into it); H bujhn, v.n.=bhujn, q.v.
to allay, calm, tranquillize, compose, soothe; to
repress, smother (anger, &c.); to damp, depress, H bajhwa [S. +], s.m.
discourage (the spirits, heart, &c.);to shuffle Stalk without ear, bare stalk.
(playing cards:cf. the form butn from the H , bujhauwal (from bjh
same root):bujh-den, v.t.=bujhn. n), s.m. Guessing, conjecturing (e.g. phal-
H bajh`on, v.t.=bajhn. bujhauwal); riddle, conundrum (=bujh-
H bujh` (rt. bujh, of bujhn+ = bujhauwal).
H bujhont (from bjhn), s.m.
S. ), s.f. Explaining, instructing, teaching.
Abstract account of a village proprietary.
H bujhy (perf. part. of bujhn),
H bijhoniy, s.m. Name of a
adj. (f. -), Extinguished, quenched, &c.:
tribe of Rjpts in Jaunpur.
bujhy pan, s.m. Water that has been
disinfected by having heated iron plunged into H bujhail (bojh, q.v.+S. aff. ),
it:bujhy n, s.m. Slaked lime. adj. Laden, &c. (=bojhail, bojhal, q.q.v.);s.m.
H bujh-bujhauwal, s.m. Burden-bearer; beast of burden.
Riddle, enigma, conundrum; game of riddles H bijay, bija`e,
(=bjh-bujhwal; syn. pahel: cf. bujhauwal). vulg. bijai [S. , rt ], s.m. Victory,
P A ba-jihat, prep. On account of; for the
conquest, triumph (syn. jt; fata):bija`e-
reason (that), because of; for the sake of.
dasm, s.f. 'The victorious tenth'; the tenth
H bijhar, bijhr (from bj), s.m. A of sin ukl paksh, the anniversary
mixture of barley, wheat, millet, grain, and of Rm's victory over Rvan; (generally) any
lentils. tenth day of a lunar fortnight that falls on a
H bujahr (from bujhn), s.m. Sunday:bijay karn, v.n. To effect or engage
in conquest;v.t. To conquer, subdue, capture,
The cover of a cup or other vessel; stopper,
take (a fort, &c.).
stopple; (cf. bujhn, bujn).
H bijay, bijiy, bijy [S.
H bijhkn [S. ++H.
caus. aff. n], v.t. To scare, startle, frighten, , rt. ], s.f. Hemp, Cannabis sativa, or the
alarm (=bhikn). tops of the plant used as a narcotic
H bijhakn (see bijhkn), v.n. (syn. bhng, bhang).
To be startled, scared, frightened; to start; to H bijaih, s.m. An
take fright (cf. jhijhakn, bidakna, bhiakn). armlet=bijyah, bijauh, q.q.v.
H bijhgh (from bijhkn), s.m. H baj-dr (bj+dr), s.m. An
A scarecrow (syn. ar`on). agricultural servant (in Ruhelkhan) who takes
H bajhn [bajh = corn as a recompense for his labour (in
contradistinction to a meh-dr, or one who
Prk. ()=S. (), pass. of rt. ], v.n. receives money).
To be entangled, ensnared, entrapped, caught H bijail [S. +], adj.=bijl,
(syn. phasn); to be stuck, to stick (in, -
q.v.
me):bajh-jn, Idem.
H bijay [S. ], adj. & s.m.
H bujhn [bujh = Prk. ()
Conquering;conqueror, vanquisher.
or ()=S. (), rt. ++],
H ba (imper. or rt. of ban, q.v.), intj.
v.n. To be put out, extinguished (a fire, light,
Take care! out of the way! ba-ba (intens.)
&c.); to be quenched (as thirst); to be allayed or
Idem.
satisfied (as hunger, or a feeling or passion); to
be slaked (as lime); to be tempered (as steel); to H ba [S. ], s.f. A kind of aromatic
be disinfected (as water, by having hot iron put root; orris root; root of the sweet flag, Acorus
into it); to be calmed, cooled, composed, calamus odoratus.
tranquillized, &c.; to be damped (as the spirits, H ba, s.m. An inferior tribe
courage, &c.), to be dejected, downcast; to be
of Rjpts in the district of Jaunpur.

287
H bi, adv.=b, q.v. (used chiefly in H bir [S. +],
comp.). s.m.=birak, q.v.
H ba, ba [S. ; P. ], H bira, adj. & s.m.=bir, be-ra,
q.q.v.
s.m. Young (of any creature); child, infant,
babe, little one; youngster, youth, lad, boy; H bir [S. ], s.m.=birak,
thoughtless, simple or inexperienced person; q.v.
young plant, sapling:bacc-dn, s.m. Lit. H birya [S. ], part. adj. To
'Child-receptacle'; the womb:bao-k-s, be deliberated, weighed or discussed; requiring
adj. Child-like, childish, infantile, puerile: deliberation, &c.; fit and proper to be discussed.
bao-k khel, s.m. Mere child's play, mere
trifle, easy matter:bae-bz, s.f. Sodomy H ba-khu (comp. of the
(=laune-bz):bae-kae, ba-ka, s.m. porf. parts of ban and khun, q.q.v.)
Children, little ones (=kae-bae, ka-ba): H bil [S. +?], s.f.
bae-kash, s.f. Child-bearing; pregnancy: Straw (cf. bihn, 'to spread'; bihaun,
bae-kush, s.f. Infanticide (syn. bl-haty): 'bedding').
bae-wl murg, s.f. lit. 'Hen with chickens'; ? ban [S. rt. or ,
the Pleiades.
H bap (abst. subst. from ban, whence H. ], v.t. To save, preserve,
q.v.), s.m. Deliverance, safety, escape rescue, deliver, extricate, set free; to sustain,
(=baw, ba`o). support, protect; to secure, defend, guard,
shield, screen, cloak; to conceal, hide; to set
H bir [S. , rt. ] , s.m. aside, put or lay by, save, spare, leave; to
Consideration, reflection, meditation, reserve, keep back (a part of anything
deliberation, investigation, examination, trial, fraudulently); to avoid, keep clear of, move out
disputation, discussion, dispute; exercise of of the way:ba-jn, v.n. To keep (oneself)
judgment or reason, judgment, discrimination, clear of, to avoid, escape, get off scot free:
prudence; decision, determination; opinion, ba-ln (-ko), To carry off safe, to save,
thought, apprehension, will:bir karn (- secure:bane-wl, bane-hr, bane-
k), To deliberate, consider, &c.=birn, q.v. hr, ban-hr, s.m. Deliverer, saviour,
H bir (P. be-ra, q.v.), adj. (f. - preserver, protector.
), Helpless, forlorn;helpless person; poor H basi, s.f.=bte (the word
creature, poor wretch (used in pity). occurs in the Rmya).
H birat [S. ], part, H , ba`o, =
Reflecting, thinking. H baw (=bap), (v.n.
H birit [S. ], part.
of ba`on), s.m. Preservation, salvation,
Thought upon, deliberated upon, considered, deliverance, rescue, extrication, liberation;
meditated; decided, determined; &c. escape; protection, defence, refuge; guarding,
H birak [S. ], adj. & shielding, screening, cloaking; reserve,
s.m. Deliberating; investigating; discussing; reservation, avoidance; contrivance, evasion,
judging;investigator, discriminator, inspector, pretext;capacity, amplitude:ba`o
judge. karn (-se, or -me), To save or guard oneself
H birke, bir-kar (past conj. (from); to provide (against); to effect the
deliverance (of, -k), to save, protect, guard,
part. of next), adv. Upon or after due shield, screen; to practise reserve, be
consideration or investigation, &c.; reserved:ba`o nikln (-k, of, a person, -
thoughtfully, deliberately, considerately, &c. se, from, or -me, in, a difficulty, &c.), To
H birn [bir = contrive the escape, deliverance, &c. (of),
Prk. () or ()=S. (), &c.=ba`o karn, q.v.
H baw (=bap), =
rt. +] , v.n. and t. To think, deem, opine,
conceive, apprehend; to consider, reflect, H , ba`o, (v.n. of ba`on),
ponder, deliberate; to comprehend; to examine, s.m. Preservation, salvation, deliverance,
discriminate, judge, investigate, estimate, rescue, extrication, liberation; escape;
calculate; to think of, resolve on, determine, protection, defence, refuge; guarding, shielding,
decide, pronounce judgment on; to feel (pity, screening, cloaking; reserve, reservation,
fear, &c.). avoidance; contrivance, evasion, pretext;
capacity, amplitude:ba`o karn (-se, or -

288
me), To save or guard oneself (from); to H bi-kann [H. b+S. ],
provide (against); to effect the deliverance (of, -
s.m. The middle finger;an ornament worn in
k), to save, protect, guard, shield, screen; to the anterior lobe of the ear; ear-ring.
practise reserve, be reserved:ba`o
H b-kann (b+S. ),
nikln (-k, of, a person, -se, from, or -me, in,
a difficulty, &c.), To contrive the escape, s.f. A kind of ear-ring (=bikann).
deliverance, &c. (of), &c.=ba`o karn, q.v. P baagn, baagn, s.m. (pl. of baa),
H ba`on, v.t.=ban, q.v. Children, little ones.
P baagna, baagna, adj. & adv. Fit
H ba-ba`o (ba, for children; appertaining to children; child-
from ban, q.v.), s.m. Saving, defending, like, puerile, childish;in a childish manner.
guarding, protecting; preservation, &c. H ba-gt, s.m.? Name of a
(= ba,o):ba-ba`o karn, v.t. To save, tribe of Rjpts (cf. ba).
guard, defend, &c. (=ba`o karn). P baag. s.f. Infancy, childhood
H bi-bi`o, s.m.=b-bi`o, (=bapan).
q.v.s.v. b. H bil [S. +], adj. (f. -),
H bapan, = Intervening, intermediate, middle; middling
H bapan, [S. +], s.m. (=b-k);s.m. An intermediate thing (of
three); the middle one of three children
Infancy, childhood; childishness, &c. (=bl- (syn. manjhl).
pan, q.v.).
H bialn [S. ,] v.n. To
H bapan, =
move about, move to and fro; to roam, wander,
H bapan, [S. +], s.m. ramble; to slip, shift, move out of place or
Infancy, childhood; childishness, &c. (=bl- away; to go astray, lose (one's) way; to be lost
pan, q.v.). or missing; to be left behind; to be separated,
H baat [S. , or +], s.f. parted, cut off (=bihan, q.v.); to retreat, draw
back; to withdraw or back out (or a promise,
Residue, remainder, surplus; balance; savings;
&c.); to get out of order, be deranged, spoiled,
gain, profit.
or marred; to get out of harmony or tune; to get
H bi-itr [S. ], adj. out of temper, become troublesome (as a
Variegated; various, diverse; surprising, disappointed child):bial-jn = bialn.
wonderful, rare; admirable; pleasing. H baan [S. , rt. ], s.m.
H bat, s.f.=baat, q.v. Speech, word, expression, utterance, talk,
H biarn, v.t.=bialn, discourse; declaration, affirmation, saying,
and bihan, q.q.v. precept, dictum, opinion; promise, assurance;
agreement, compact, covenant, vow:baan-
H biak = bhiak, q.v. bandh, adj. Bound by promise, &c., pledged;
H bakn (cf. baagna), adj. agreed upon, stipulated, &c.;baan-bandh
(f. -), Appertaining to, or fit for, children; karn orkar-len, v.t. To bind (one) by promise,
small, diminutive (generally applied to &c.;baan-bandh hon, v.n. To be bound by
shoes);s.m. A pair of child's shoes;a promise, &c. to give or pledge one's word, to
dancing boy (syn. bhagtiy). promise; to be agreed upon:baan-pl, adj.
Abiding by a promise; true to (one's) word;
H bikn, v.t. To alarm, baan-pln, v.n. To keep (one's) word, abide
frighten (=bijhkn, bhikn, q.v.); to cause to by a promise, &c.:baan-patr, s.m.
retreat or draw back; to disappoint, balk; to Agreement, deed, bond, covenant:baan
break a word or promise. ton, baan hon, v.n. To break (one's) word
H bakn (see bakn), s.f. or promise:bacan-datta, adj. Betrothed;
Little girl, young girl; a girl adopted by an old espoused;s.m. One to whom a person is
prostitute. betrothed:baan den (-ko), To pledge
H ba-ka, s.m. See s.v. ba. (one's) word, to promise, engage; to agree,
consent:baan ln (-par). To ask or
H biakn, v.n. To be alarmed, inquire (of), question; to request, apply or sue
take fright (=bijhakn and bhiakn); to run (for):baan len (-se), To obtain a promise,
away, retreat, slink off; to recede or withdraw take a covenant (from):baan mrn, v.n. To
(from), back out (of), shrink (from=bialn, conclude an agreement; to promise:baan
q.v.); to be sprained. mnn (-k), To heed or mind the word (of), to
obey; to comply, consent:baan

289
nibhn = baan pln, q.v.:baan man, ambassador, agent, broker; matchmaker
hrn (apn), To give, pledge, or plight (one's) (syn. b-wl, tisrait).
word; to promise; to agree to; to affirm, H , biwaiy, =
declare;to break (one's) word or promise (a
rare signification). H biauliy [b+S.+], =
H ban [S. , rt. or ], H biwa` (contr. of biw`), =
v.n. To be saved, to save oneself, escape (from, H biwait, s.m. One who
-se), effect (one's) escape; to be saved, spared, interposes; one who interferes or intermeddles;
set aside, laid by; to remain over, be left; to be interposer; intermeddler; go-between; middle-
spared, to recover, survive, live; to turn away man, ambassador, agent, broker; matchmaker
(from, -se), shrink (from); to avoid, shirk, fly (syn. b-wl, tisrait).
(from):ba-rahn, v.n. To be or remain
over;to be on (one's) guard (against, -se), take H biwait, =
care (against), avoid:ba-nikaln, v.n. To get H biauliy [b+S.+], =
clean away, escape in safety.
H biwa` (contr. of biw`), =
H bang [S. +], s.m.
H , biwaiy, s.m. One
The plant Aconitum ferox (found at high
elevations in the Himalaya and Nepaul); the who interposes; one who interferes or
root of Aconite, and the deadly poison obtained intermeddles; interposer; intermeddler; go-
from it (also written bahng). between; middle-man, ambassador, agent,
broker; matchmaker (syn. b-wl, tisrait).
H bao (imper. of ban), intj. Out of
P baa, baa, s.m.=ba, q.v.
the way! take care! look out! (=ba, q.v.).
H bah [S. ], s.m. Calf=bah,
H bauw, bau`, baw
q.v.
[S. +], s.m. Young, little one, &c. H bih, s.m.=bih, q.v.;
(=ba);diminutive bells attached to a and=bis, bish, bikh, q.q.v.
finger-ring.
H bah [S. +], s.m.
H biuw, biu`,
Calf=bah, bah.
s.m.=bihu`, q.v.
H bih (from b), s.m.
H biwn, =
Intermediate space or distance, interval;
H biw`, [b + S. +?], interim; difference (syn. antar, fila; farq).
s.m.=biauliy, q.v. H biht [S. , rt. ],
H biw`, = s.m. The stinging nettle, Urtica
H biwn, [b + S. +?], interrupta (syn. bihu, bihu`).
s.m.=biauliy, q.v. H bihn [S. , rt. ],
H birn [S. ; or ], v.t. To spread, spread out, extend, lay on; to
make (a bed); to strew, scatter; to lay prostrate
v.t. To pull or pick to pieces; to open out, undo,
or flat, knock down, fell, lay low (=bih-den,
separate; to break up.
the more common form in these senses).
H biauliy [b+S. +], =
H biwa` (contr. of biw`), = H bihn, = H
H , biwaiy, = bihwan, = H bihwan, (rt.
H biwait, s.m. One who as above), s.m. Carpet, bed, &c.=bihhaun,
interposes; one who interferes or intermeddles; q.v.
interposer; intermeddler; go-between; middle-
man, ambassador, agent, broker; matchmaker H bihwan, = H
(syn. b-wl, tisrait). bihn, = H bihwan, (rt. as
H biwa` (contr. of biw`), = above), s.m. Carpet, bed, &c.=bihhaun, q.v.
H biauliy [b+S.+], =
H , biwaiy, = H bihwan, = H

H biwait, s.m. One who bihn, = H

interposes; one who interferes or intermeddles; bihwan, (rt. as above), s.m. Carpet, bed,
interposer; intermeddler; go-between; middle- &c.=bihhaun, q.v.

290
H bihan, v.n.=bihan, q.v. asunder; to be sprained; to turn away or aside
(from); to slip, slide (=bialn, q.v.).

H bihu [S. , or H.
H bah [S. ++], s.m.
bih+dim. aff. ], s.f. Stinging-nettle
Calf (=bah).
(=biht, and bihu`a).

H bahal [S. ], adj.

H bahr, s.m.=bah, q.v.
H bihrn, bihurn,
v.t.=bihna, q.v.
H bihrha, s.f.=bihaha,
q.v.
Affectionate, kind, loving, tender, fond,
indulgent;s.m. Affection, fondness,
tenderness.
H bihaln, v.n.=bihan, q.v.
H bichalh, adj. (f. -), Slippery.

H biharn, bihurn,
v.n.=bihan, q.v.
H bahr, s.m.=bah, bah,
q.q.v.
H bah [S. ++], s.m.
Calf; child, boy (a term of endearment used by
women);moon-calf, fool (syn. ba,
bahu`).
H bihn [S. , rt. ],
v.n. To be spread, be laid out; to be floored; to
become prostrate, lie flat; to humble oneself; to
be brought or laid low.
H bahng, s.m.=bang, q.v.
H bih [S. ], s.m.
Scorpion; the sign Scorpio of the zodiac; a kind
of firework (also written bih).

H biht, s.f.=bihha, q.v.

H
bahuw, bahu`,
bahw [S. +], s.m. Calf; young of an
H bihn (caus. of bihan),
animal, &c. (=ba, q.v.).
v.t. To cause to be separated; to separate, part,
divide, sunder; to scatter, disperse (=bithrn).
H bihu`, bihw, s.m.
H bih`o, s.m. = H Scorpion (=bih, q.v.);a kind of dagger; a
small stiletto with a curved blade; an iron claw
bihhat, s.f. = H or hook; a ring worn on the (little or great) toe
bihat, s.f. (v.n. from bihn), Separating, (these various significations all arise from the
parting, dividing; separation (=bihoh); turning shape of the dagger, &c. resembling that of a
away; alienation. scorpion's sting);the hemp plant, Crotalaria
juncea (syn. san); the seed-pod of the same
H bihhat, s.f. = H plant;the stinging nettle, Urtica heterophylla;
also Urtica interrupta (=biht and bihu).
bih`o, s.m. = H
bihat, s.f. (v.n. from bihn), Separating, H biho`, s.m.=bihoh, q.v.
parting, dividing; separation (=bihoh); turning
away; alienation.
H bihwn (caus. of bihn
H bihat, s.f. = H and bihn), v.t. To cause to be spread, to have
(a carpet, &c.) spread or laid down; to spread
bih`o, s.m. = H (=bichn); to cause to spread.
bihhat, s.f. (v.n. from bihn), Separating,
parting, dividing; separation (=bihoh); turning H bihon [fr. S. ; or
away; alienation.
caus. of bihun], v.t. To detach, disconnect,
separate, part, divide, sunder; to pull or pick to
H bihan, bihun pieces; to card (cotton).
[S. , rt. ], v.n. To be separated,
parted, divided, &c.; to separate, part, go

291
H bihaun, bihon H baher, = H
(i.e. , q.v.), s.m. Bed, bedding, bed- bahe, [S. ++], s.m. Colt; calf
clothes; carpeting, carpet; the carpet on which (=bah).
(Hindu) women sit and bewail the death of a
person; (hence, among Hinds), prescribed H bahe, = H
period of wailing or lamentation:bihon
bihn, To open or spread out bedding, &c.; to baher, [S. ++], s.m. Colt; calf
make (one's) bed; to lay a carpet, &c.: (=bah).
bihaun karn, To make a bed;to lay
prostrate or flat, knock down, fell (=bih- H baher, = H
den).
bahe, (fem. of baher), s.f. Foal, filly;
female calf (=bahiy).
H biho (from bihon =
bihon, q.v.), s.m. Distribution of an H bahe, = H
aggregate sum among several individuals.
baher, (fem. of baher), s.f. Foal, filly;
female calf (=bahiy).
H bihaun, bihon,
s.f. dim. of bihaun, q.v. H ba (fem. of ba), s.f. Little
girl; female child; maid, lassie;female young
H bihoh, = H animal;tuft of hair on the lower lip, an
bihoh, (from bihon, q.v.), s.m. Separation, imperial.
parting; absence.
H baiyo, intj. Out of the way,
H bihoh, = H &c.=bao, ba, q.q.v.
bihoh, (from bihon, q.v.), s.m. Separation,
parting; absence. A bas (see ba), s.m. A great disputer
or arguer; controversialist.
H bih`, bihw, s.f. Ornament
or ring worn on the toe (=bihu`, q.v.). A bir (pl. of bar), s.m. Seas, bays, gulfs.

P A ba-l, adj. & adv. In the usual state, in

H bihoy, s.m.=bihoh, q.v. the former state, as before, in statu quo; in a
good state or condition, well, in good health;
H , bihwaiy, s.m. flourishing, prosperous, well-to-do; established,
One who sweeps, sweeper. confirmed, maintained; re-established,
reinstated, restored (to health or office); in
office, in work or service:ba-l n, To
H bah, s.f. Female calf, &c.
return to a former state or condition, to recover
(=bahiy, q.v.). oneself, be restored, be oneself again; to be
reinstated:bal rahn, To remain in statu
H bih, s.f. Scorpion=bih, quo, to be unaltered or unimpaired; to remain
q.v. intact:ba-l rakhn, v.t. To keep or maintain
in stat quo; to maintain, uphold, confirm,
H bahiy [S. +], s.f. continue:ba-l karn, v.t. To establish,
Female calf; young heifer; daughter, dear girl (a confirm; to reinstate, replace, restore (to, -par,
office), re-establish, revive (a statute, &c.); to
term of endearment among women);a Hindu
ceremony performed on the thirteenth or restore to health:bal hon (-par), To be
seventeenth day after a death:bahiy-k reinstated (in, a former post or situation), to be
bw, s.m. Ox;moon-calf, fool. restored (to a former state), be restored to
health, to recover.
H bihiy, s.f. Ornament or ring
P A ba-l, s.f. The being in (its) former
worn on the toe (=bihu`, q.v.). state, the being in statu quo, the being unaltered
or unimpaired; the being in a good state,
H buhiyn, v.n. To contract prosperity; being in office or favour; the act of
and put back (the ears, as a horse). establishing, establishment; restoration,

292
reinstatement; maintenance, confirmation; A bur, s.m. Fume, vapour, exhalation,
recovery. steam, mist, fog; feverish heat, fever; warmth,
anger, wrath, animosity; grief, anguish:
A bas, s.f. Disputation, discussion, bur n, bur ahn, v.n. To have a
controversy, argument, debate, dispute; fever; to get into a state of feverish heat,
altercation, wrangling, contention:bas karn excitement, or alarm (by reason of, -se), to be
(-se), To argue, dispute, debate, discuss (with); stricken with terror:bur dil-me rakhn,
to wrangle, quarrel; to cap verses. To harbour, or cherish, wrath or animosity
(against):bur nikln (-k), To vent
H bas-bas, s.f. Argumentation, (one's) rage or spleen, to let off steam:bur
controversy &c.=bas. nikaln (-k), Steam to be let off; anger, &c. to
be appeased; grief to be assuaged; heat of the
H A basn = bas karn, q.v.s.v. bas. system to find vent, or to break out (in an
eruption).
P A ba-ad, = P A ba-hadde, adv. To P bor, s.m. Name of a town and
the extent (that, -ki); to such a degree, to such country, the ancient Bactria.
an extreme; so that. A burt (pl. of bur), s.m. Fumes,
exhalations; vapour, steam, mist, fog.
P A ba-hadde, = P A ba-ad, adv. To H bur (from A. bur), s.f. Orig.
the extent (that, -ki); to such a degree, to such 'Stove or fire-place'; a hole or pit in a corner of
an extreme; so that. a house to store grain in, granary.
P bor, adj. Of or belonging
A bar, s.m. Sea, gulf, say;s.f. Metre, to Bor;s.m. Native of Bor.
verse; flow, rhythm;fleet (of ships or boats). P bat [Pehl. bakht; Zend bakhta, perf.
part. rt. bag; S. bhakta, rt. bhaj], s.m. Portion,
A born, s.m. Crisis of a disease. lot, fortune; good fortune, luck, prosperity
(syn. bhg, nab):bat-zm`, s.f. Trial of
A bar, adj. Of or belonging to the sea; fortune or luck:bat-war, adj. Fortunate,
maritime, naval. lucky;s.m. Fortunate or lucky man:bat-
war, s.f. Good fortune, luckiness;
A barain (dual of bar), s.m. lit. 'The prosperity:bat-bz, s.f. Playing with
two seas'; the Mediterranean and the Euxine fortune, trying (one's) luck; chance:bat-
(dary`e rm o dary`e fris); the salt water of bargashta, adj. & s.m. Unfortunate;
the sea and the sweet water of rivers. unfortunate person:bat-bal, adj. Favoured
P A ba-isb, adv. With, or in, the of fortune, fortunate, lucky:bat-bedr, s.m.
computation; with a proper account (opp. One whose fortune is wide awake, prosperous
to `ala`l-isb). person:bat-e-tra, s.m. Misfortune:
P A ba-asb, bi-asb, = P A ba- bat (orbato) jaln, v.n. To lose (one's)
asbe, bi-asbe, adv. According to; in luck, become unfortunate:bat-ufta, s.m.
accordance; in the proportion; in such a way One whose fortune is asleep, unfortunate
(that, -ki). person:bat-e-siyh, s.m. Misfortune
PA ba-asbe, bi-asbe, = P A ba- (=bat-e-tra):bat-war, bat-yr, adj.
asb, bi-asb, adv. According to; in Fortunate, &c.=bat-war, q.v.:bat-yr,
accordance; in the proportion; in such a way
s.f. Good fortune, &c.=bat-war:
(that, -ki).
bato-jal, adj. & s.m. (f. -), Unfortunate,
P A ba-aq, adv. In the matter (of), in re; in
wretched; unfortunate person, wretched
the case (of); on account (of).
creature, miserable wight.
P A ba-ukm, prep. By command or order
P A but, s.m.=but, q.v.
(of); under the authority (of); by force or
P bat-war, batr, adj. See s.v. bat.
pressure (of); by dint (of).
P butr, batr, s.m. Anything that
P biil (orig. from hildan), adj. & s.m.
makes a roaring noise; thunder; a roaring lion
Pardonable; pardon:biil o mab, adj.
(cf. but).
Lawful, permissible.
P A but, s.f. A Khorasn or Bactrian
P A ba-amd, prep. By the grace (of):
camel; a quick-paced camel (generally used for
ba-amdi `llh, By the grace of God; God be
riding).
praised (that).
P bat-yr, adj.=bat-war,
A buaira (dim. of bar), s.m. Small sea;
q.v.s.v. bat.
lake.

293
H , bar, = P bash (rel. n. fr. bash, q.v.), s.m.
Paymaster (in Moham. armies); general,
P , bara [=S. +], s.m. Share, commander-in-chief (the office of paymaster
portion, lot; allotment, distribution, dividend; being combined with that of general); an officer
allowance:bar karn (-k), To allot, who kept an account of all disbursements
distribute; to allow, assign. connected with military tenures (as those
P , bara, = of manabdrs and jgr-drs);collector of
house-rents:bash-al-mamlik, s.m.
H , bar [=S. +], s.m. Share,
Paymaster and commander-in-chief:bash-
portion, lot; allotment, distribution, dividend; na, s.m. Pay-office, general's office:
allowance:bar karn (-k), To allot, bash-gar, s.f. Office or duty of a general or
distribute; to allow, assign. commander-in-chief; generalship.
H bar, = P bashiyt, s.m.? Name of a division
H barait, s.m. Partner, sharer; of the Jaunpur district.
shareholder. P bashiyn (pl. of bash), s.m.
Paymasters, &c.:bashiyn-e-a`zam, s.m.
H barait, = The supreme commanders.
H bar, s.m. Partner, sharer; A bul, s.m. Parsimony, stinginess,
shareholder. niggardliness, avarice:bul-karn (-se), To
P bash (Zend bakhsh, rt. bag; S. , practise parsimony, &c. (with or towards).
P A ba-ilf, adv. In opposition (to, -ke),
rt. ), part. adj. & s.m. Giving, imparting, contrary (to); on the contrary.
bestowing; yielding; forgiving;giver, P ba-b, adv. In a good manner, well,
bestower; forgiver (used as last member of properly, duly, thoroughly, completely, in
compounds, e.g. tj-bash, 'bestowing a perfection.
diadem'; samar-bash, adj. fruit-yielding: P ba-ud, adv. To oneself; in oneself; of
gunh-bash, s.m. forgiver of sin);share, oneself, spontaneously, voluntarily:ba-
lot, portion; donation, gift; allowance, pay; ud n, To come to oneself, be oneself
pardon, forgiveness:bash-nma, s.m. Deed again, recover (one's) senses.
of gift (=bashish-nma). A bar, s.m. substance for fumigation,
P H bashn (caus. of bashn, q.v.), incense, frankincense; perfume, scent, odour.
v.t. To cause to give; to obtain forgiveness or P ba-ush, adv. With pleasure,
pardon (for another); to have (one's own) sin or gladly, cheerfully, joyfully.
offence pardoned or excused (=bashwn). H baiy, s.m.= baya, q.v.
P bash`ish, s.f. Favour, bounty,
H baiyn, bayn, v.t. To
present; forgiveness, pardon.
H bash-den, v.t. Intens. stitch, &c.=baya-karn, q.v.s.v. baya.
of bashn, q.v. P A ba-air, adv. Attended with good, in
P bashish, vulg. bakss (abst. s. welfare, well, in safety; for good, to a good end
fr. bash, q.v.), s.f. Present, gift, donation, or purpose; in peace and safety, alone and
grant, gratuity, reward; beneficence, liberality, unmeddled with:ba-air-b, adv. Safe
generosity; pardon, forgiveness:bashish- and sound, well, in safety.
nma, s.m. Deed of gift (=dn-patr). A bal, adj. & s.m. Miserly, avaricious,
stingy;miser, niggard (syn. kanjs).
H P bashan (v.n. from next),
A P bal, s.f. Niggardliness,
s.m. Giving, bestowing; forgiving:bashan- &c.=bul, q.v. (syn. kanjs).
hr, s.m. Giver, bestower; forgiver. P baya, s.m. Stitching; back-stitch;
H P bashn (from bash, q.v.), v.t. To sewing with long stitches, basting, tacking;
give, grant, bestow; to forgive, pardon, excuse. sewing very thick and strong; quilting;a
P bashandag (abst. subst. from stitched cloth:baya karn, v.t. To stitch; to
next), s.f. Liberality, generosity; forgiveness. baste, &c.
P bashanda (act. part. of bashdan; P bad, adj. Bad, evil, wicked, vicious,
and=bash, q.v.+Zend a, S. ant), adj. & s.m. corrupt, mischievous; inauspicious, unlucky:
Giving, bestowing;giver, bestower, donor; bad atar, adj. Ill-starred, unfortunate:bad-
pardoner, forgiver, God. alq, adj. Of bad habits or manners;
H P bashwn (caus. of bashn), immoral; ill-bred, ill-behaved; rude, unpolished,
v.t. To cause to be forgiven, to get or have coarse;bad-alq, s.f. Ill-breeding, bad
pardoned or excused; to have (oneself) excused behaviour; rudeness, incivility; indecorum, bad
or let off from. conduct, immorality:bad-uslb, adj. Ill-

294
shaped, ill-made, inelegant; ill-behaved, of bad s.f. Ill-will, dislike, disaffection, malevolence,
conduct:bad-al, bad-ul, adj. Of low enmity:bad-o`, s.f. Unmannerliness,
origin, base-born; ill-bred;bad-ul, s.f. Low badness of disposition, ill-nature:bad-du`,
origin; ill-breeding:bad-atwr, adj. Ill- s.f. Curse, imprecation, malediction;bad-du`
mannered; of evil ways, following evil den, v.t. To curse:bad-dil, adj. Suspicious;
courses:bad-e`tiqd, Mistrustful:bad- evil-minded:bad-damg, adj. Dissatisfied,
a`ml, s.f. Misdeeds, immorality:bad-af`l, discontented, displeased with everything;bad-
adj. Of bad deeds, ill-conducted;bad-af`l, damg, s.f. Ill-will, displeasure; discontent:
s.f. Misdeeds, &c.=bad-a`ml, q.v.:bad- bad-diynat, adj. Dishonest, fraudulent; false;
intizm, s.f. Bad management, misgovernment, bad-diynat, s.f. Dishonesty, fraud; unfair
mal-administration, misrule, anarchy:bad- dealing; corrupt practice;bad-diynat-se,
andesh, adj. Evil-minded, malevolent, adv. Dishonestly, fraudulently, with intent to
malicious, inimical, disloyal;bad-andesh, s.f. defraud, mala fide:bad-aul, adj. Ill-shaped,
Malevolence, malignity, malice, ill-will, ill-formed, ungraceful, clumsy:bad-t, adj.
disloyalty:bad-`n, adj. Of bad manners or & s.m. Low-born, low, base; of bad disposition,
ways; not observing religious precepts, ill-bred; unprincipled, vicious, corrupt;vile
irreligious; perverse:bad-b, s.m. A false creature, villain, miscreant, wretch;bad-t,
or fraudulent b or division:bad-btin, adj. s.f. Baseness, vileness; unprincipled conduct,
Internally evil, evil-minded, false-hearted; wickedness, viciousness, villainy:bad-ihn,
bad-btin, s.f. Evil-mindedness, malignity, adj. Slow of apprehension, dull, stupid:bad-
malice, ill-nature:bad-bat, adj. rh, adj. Taking a bad or wrong course;
Unfortunate, unlucky, wretched, miserable; disorderly, wicked, sinful:bad-rikb, adj. Ill-
doomed, accursed; bad, evil, vicious;bad- paced; difficult to mount; vicious (a horse):
bat, s.f. Misfortune, bad luck, adversity, bad-rag, adj. Of a bad vein; of a bad or base
misery, wretchedness; badness, vice:bad-bar, nature; malevolent:bad-rang, adj. Of a bad
adj. Evil-minded, evil-disposed:bad-b, adj. colour; discoloured, dull, faded; of a different
Fetid;s.f. Bad or offensive smell, fetor, colour (a card); of a bad kind:bad-rau, adj.
stench, stink:bad-parhez, adj. Not controlling Ill-paced (a horse):bad-rawaiy, adj. Ill-
the inclinations and passions, intemperate; conducted, &c.=bad-atwr and bad-alan,
bad-parhez, s.f. Intemperance, excess:bad- q.q.v.:bad-zabn, adj. & s.m. Indecent of
pashm, s.f. Badness of hair or wool, bad coat speech, foul-mouthed, abusive;one who uses
(of a horse, &c.):bad-l, s.f. Bad conduct, indecent language, or who is foul-mouthed;
misconduct, &c. (=bad-aln, q.v.):bad- bad-zabn, s.f. Indecent, foul, or obscene
ashm, adj. Casting evil eyes on, coveting other language; abuse:bad-zeb, adj. Ungraceful,
men's goods (particularly their wives); envious, inelegant:bad-s`at, s.f. Unlucky moment:
malignant:bad-alan, adj. bad-saj, adj. Ungraceful, ill-looking:bad-
Ill-conducted, &c. (=bad-atwr, q.v.);bad- sirisht, adj. Ill-disposed, ill-natured:bad-
aln, s.f. Misconduct, bad conduct, misdeeds, sar`anjm, adj. Coming to a bad end;bad-
malpractices, misdemeanour:bad-l, adj. In sar`anjm, s.f. Bad or evil end; badness of end
bad circumstances, in evil plight, ill- or conclusion:bad-sigl, adj. Evil-minded,
conditioned;bad-l, s.f. Badness of malevolent, malignant:bad-sulk, s.f. Bad
condition or circumstances:bad-aw, adj. behaviour, misbehaviour, ill-treatment,
Senseless; stupefied, insensible; in discourtesy;bad-sulk karn (-se), To behave
consternation; confounded, bewildered, badly (to), act ill (towards); to treat ill:bad-
distracted, demented, foolish;bad-aw, s.f. srat, adj. Of bad disposition, ill-tempered, ill-
Stupefaction, insensibility; senselessness, disposed:bad-shakl, adj. Ill-shaped; ill-
stupidity; consternation, distraction, looking:bad-shugun, bad-shugn, bad-
dementedness, folly:bad-alat, adj. Of bad shugn, adj. & s.f. Ill-omened, unlucky;bad
conduct, or habits, or disposition; ill-disposed; omen:bad-rat, adj. Ill-looking, ill-shaped,
ill-natured:bad-at, s.m. Bad or illegible ill-formed; ugly, unsightly, inelegant;bad-
writing, a bad hand, scrawl;one who writes a rat karn, v.t. To disfigure, deface, deform,
bad hand:bad-ulq, adj. & s.m. Having a make ugly;bad-rat, s.f. Ugliness;
bad disposition, &c. (=bad-alq, q.v.);one disflgurement:bad-tarq, s.m. Bad habit (in a
who has a bad disposition, ill-bred person, ill- religious sense):bad-tnat, adj. Evil-minded,
behaved person, &c.;bad-ulq, s.f.=bad- indisposed, malevolent, iniquitous;bad-tnat,
alq, q.v.:bad-o, adj. & s.m.=bad- s.f. Evil-mindedness, malevolence; iniquity:
alat, q.v.:bad-h, adj. & s.m. Wishing bad-zan, adj. Suspicious, mistrustful, &c.
evil, malevolent, malignant, ill-disposed, (=bad-gumn, q.v.):bad-`amal, s.f.
inimical;ill-wisher, enemy;bad-h, Misgovernment, mismanagement, misrule,

295
anarchy (=bad-intim):bad-`ahd, adj.
Faithless, treacherous, false;bad-`ahd, s.f.
Faithlessness, breach of promise or trust:bad-
f rjm, adj. Of evil end or issue, terminating ill
or badly; malignant:bad-fe`l, s.m. Evil
deeds, mis-deeds:bad-fe`l, adj. & s.m.=bad-
kr, q.v.:bad-fe`l, s.f.=bad-kr, q.v.:bad- aspect; ill-looking;bad-nazar, s.f. Badness or
kr, adj. & s.m. (fem. bad-kra), Wicked, sinful,
dissolute, licentious, profligate;evil-doer;
adulterer, fornicator:bad-kr, s.f.
Wickedness, misdeed; profligacy,
licentiousness; adultery, fornication; unnatural
offence:bad-kirdr, adj.=bad-kr, q.v.:bad-
kirdr, s.f.=bad-kr, q.v.:bad-gumn, adj. intention;bad-nihd, s.f. Badness of
Suspicious, mistrustful, disaffected, disloyal;
bad-gumn karn (-se), To make one suspicious
(of); to make one think evil (of); to make one
disaffected or disloyal;bad-gumn hon (se),
To be suspicious (of), be mistrustful (of); to be
disaffected;bad-gumn, s.f. Suspicion,
mistrust, distrust; disaffection:bad-go, adj. &
s.m. Evil-speaking, slanderous;evil-speaker,
slanderer, calumniator;bad-go`, s.f. Evil-
speaking; slander, detraction:bad-gohar, adj.
Of bad origin, bad by nature; unprincipled:
bad-liz, adj. Unmannerly, disrespectful, rude,
impudent; immodest, indecent, shameless:
bad-lagm, adj. Not obedient to the reins, hard-
mouthed (a horse); wilful; disrespectful, rude;
uncontrollable:bad-mizj, adj. Ill-
tempered;bad-mizj, s.f. Ill-temper:bad-
maza, adj. Having a bad taste, distasteful, ill-
flavoured, unsavoury; tasteless, insipid;sick,
sorry, out of sorts; angry, displeased;bad-
mazag, s.f. Tastelessness; distastefulness;
misunderstanding, disagreement; estrangement,
coolness (between friends):bad-mast, adj.
Inebriated, intoxicated, drunk; lustful, lewd,
lascivious;bad-mast, s.f. Intoxication,
drunkenness, inebriety; lust, lewdness,
lasciviousness:bad-ma`sh, adj. & s.m. Of a
bad profession or way of life; immoral;a
person of unsettled character, or of bad
livelihood; bad character; lewd fellow,
blackguard, rascal, vagabond;bad-ma`sh,
s.f. Bad way of living, loose conduct,
dissoluteness, profligacy; villainy, rascality:
bad-mu`mala, adj. Unfair in dealing, roguish,
tricky, dishonest;bad-mu`mlag, s.f.
Unfairness in dealing, roguery, trickery,
fraud:bad-mihr, adj. Unfriendly, unkindly;
bad-mihr, s.f. Unfriendliness, unkindness,
disobligingness:bad-nm, adj. Of bad repute,
disreputable, infamous, ignominious; defamed,
calumniated;bad-nm karn, v.t. To render
(one) infamous, destroy (one's) good name,
injure (one's) reputation; to defame, villify,
traduce, asperse, calumniate;bad-nm hon or
ho-jn, To get a bad name, become infamous;
to be defamed, traduced, &c.;bad-nm, s.f.
Bad name or character, disrepute, infamy,
dishonour; defamation, ill-report, stigma;bad-
nm uhn, v.n. To endure infamy, &c.:
bad-nasl, adj. Of a bad race or breed;s.m.
Bastard:bad-nab, adj. Unfortunate, &c.
(=bad-bat, q.v.):bad-nazar, adj. Of evil
wickedness of look:bad-na`l, adj. Tripping
(horse):bad-num, bad-namd, adj. Ill-
looking, ungraceful, inelegant,' unsightly,
unbecoming, ugly:bad-num`, s.f.
Unsightliness, ungracefulness, inelegance,
ugliness:bad-nihd, adj. Ill-disposed, of bad
disposition, ill-nature:bad-nyat, adj. Ill-
disposed, of bad intention, malevolent;
covetous, avaricious; lustful, sensual:bad-
wa`a, adj. Ill-formed, ugly; ill-bred; evil-
disposed;bad-waz`a`, s.f. Ugliness, ill-
shapedness; bad disposition; misconduct; ill-
manneredness, rudeness:bad-ham, adj.
Having a bad digestion;bad-ham, s.f.
Indigestion:bad-hai`at, adj. Ill-formed, ugly
(=bad-shakl and bad-rat):bad-yumn, adj.
Of bad omen, unpropitious;bad-yumn, s.f.
Bad omen; bad luck; unpropitiousness.
H bad [S. ], s.f. Bubo; syphilitic or
pestilential swelling of any of the glands (syn.
bgh).
H bad [perhaps from P. bad], s.m. Hog,
pig:bad-jnwar, Idem:bad-sl, bad-sal,
s.m. Hog-sty.
H bid, s.f. A small hole or pit into which
children in play endeavour to throw balls or
marbles.
H badi, s.f.=bad, q.v.
A bad, s.f. Beginning, commencement
(=bad, q.v.).
H bad (pert. part. of badn, q.v.), part.
adj. Said, decreed, predestined;s.m. That
which is ordained or decreed; destiny, fate, the
divine decree.
H bid [S. ; cf. A. ], s.f.
Permission to depart, dismission, taking leave;
departure; farewell:bid karn (-ko), To
dismiss, permit (one) to depart; to bid farewell;
to see (one) off:bid len, To take leave
(=bid hon):bid ho, intj. Farewell! Good
bye!:bid hon, v.n. To take leave, say
farewell, depart; to depart this life, to die.
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 a host to a visitor, or to a servant, on dismissing
H bad-bad (see badn), s.f. him; dismissal; departure (=bid).
Rivalry, emulation, contention; pledge;adv. H bad-b;See s.v. for all
In or through rivalry or emulation; in comp. beginning with bad.
contention; contentiously. S bud-bud, s.m. Bubble (=bulbul:
cf. next).
H bidran [S. , rt. ],
H budbudn, badbadn [S.
s.m. Tearing, rending; breaking, cleaving,
splitting, severing, dividing. , an onamatopoetic word imitative of the
sound of a bubble rising to the surface of any
H bidrn, [S. ], v.t. To fluid], v.n. To mutter, murmur, grumble; to
speak inaudibly or indistinctly.
tear, rend, &c. (see bidran).
H bidit [S. , rt. ], part. adj.
H badm, s.m.=bdm, q.v. Known, familiar; famed, famous, renowned.
P bad-tar, battar (compar. of bad, q.v.), adj.
Worse; inferior; very bad:bad-tar hon, v.n.
H badm (for bdm, q.v.), adj. To become or get worse; to deteriorate.
Almond-coloured; having the flavour of H bada, badda, s.m. Corr.
almonds;s.f. A species of rice. of batak, q.v.
P badashn, prop. n. Name of a
P bad (for ba-), adv. lit. 'By that'; country, near the source of the Oxus, famous
thereby, therefrom, thence. for its rubies.
A badr, s.m. The full moon (=pr d).
H badh, s.m. (local)=badhw, S badar, s.m. Pod of the cotton plant;
q.v. seed of the cotton pod;the jujube, Zizyphus
jujubus, or Z. scandeus (see ber).
P badhat, budhat (for A. ), s.f. An P ba-dar, adj. Out of doors, without, outside,
occurrence by which one is taken unawares; out:badar-rau, s.f. lit. 'going out'; outlet or
unexpected event or accident. channel for water; drain, sewer;badar-rau-e-
`m, s.f. Public sewer: badar-rau nikln, v.n.
H bidhn [S. ?], v.t. To To make an outlet or channel for water; to make
turn the plough over a field after the seed is a drain:ba-dar karn, v.t. To turn out, expel,
come up; to plough immediately after sowing eject, banish:ba-dar nikln, v.n. To show a
for the purpose of covering the seed; to harrow. balance due; to debit (to):ba-dar-naws, s.f.
Striking out objectionable items or excessive
A badyat, bad`at, (for A. ), s.f. charges from an account; audit of an account;
Beginning, commencement. taxing an overcharged bill;a record of fines
and impositions on the clerks or writers of an
A bad`e` (pl. of bad`a), s.m. Rare, or office.
wonderful, things; rarities; wonders. H bidar (cf. bidr), s.m. A vessel of
H bidyak, = mixed metal (particularly bharat, q.v.) plated
with silver by beating; plating metal with silver
H bid`eg, =
by beating (the name is said to be derived from
H bid`, s.f. Presents made by a the town of Bidar in the Dakkhan):bidar-sz,
host to a visitor, or to a servant, on dismissing s.m. A manufacturer of vessels described
him; dismissal; departure (=bid). above, one who plates metal (especially bharat)
H bid`eg, = with silver.
H badr (see bdal), s.m. Cloud;
H bidyak, =
cloudiness.
H bid`, s.f. Presents made by a H badar [S. +], s.m. Cotton;
host to a visitor, or to a servant, on dismissing the plant Mimosa octandra; a certain medicinal
him; dismissal; departure (=bid). drug.
H bid`, = P A ba-darj, adv. For insertion or entry; by
H bidyak, = or according to the entry; per invoice.
P A ba-darja, adv. In or to a degree; by
H bid`eg, s.f. Presents made by many degrees; ever-so-much, greatly, vastly:

297
ba-darja behtar, Very much, or ever-so-much,
better.
P badar-rau, s.f. See s.v. ba-dar.
P badraqa, vulg. badarqa, s.m. Guide;
guard, escort, convoy; fellow-traveller;a
vehicle (in medicine; syn. anupn); anything
prescribed to be taken with medicine (e.g.
water-gruel with salts).
S badarik, badrik, s.f. The fruit or draw back; to dissuade; to alienate, estrange.
of the jujube (see badar);name of one of the
sources of the Ganges, &c. (=badr, q.v.):
badrikram, s.m. Name of a hermitage, &c.
(=badr-ail).
P badra (for A. ), s.m. (orig. 'the skin of
a lamb or kid'); Bag or purse of money; bag;a
weight of ten thousand dirhems.
A P badr, adj. Of or relating to the full
moon (badr).
S badar, badr, s.f. The jujube tree postp. In exchange (for, -ke, or -se); in return
(see badar); the cotton shrub;name of one of
the sources of the Ganges in the Himalaya
range, a celebrated place of pilgrimage:badr-
patrak, s.m. A kind of perfume, a leaf:badr-
phal, s.f. Name of a plant, a variety of
the ephalica or Nyctanthes with blue
flowers:badr-had, s.f. A species of jujube
tree;a kind of perfume (apparently a dried
shell-fish):badr-dis, adv. In the direction of,
or towards, Badr:badr-ail, s.m. lit. 'Rock
of Badar'; name of a rocky eminence at the
source of the Ganges (=Badr), the Badr-
nth of modern travellers; or a town and temple
on the west bank of the Alaka-nanda river in
the province of rnagar:badr-kedr,
s.m.=badr-ail:badr-nth, s.m. Name of a
temple at Badar; also=badr-ail, q.v.
H badr, bidr (dim. of compensate; to make restitution, make amends,
P. badra), s.f. Bag; wrapper, cover; small
package, parcel; despatch of goods:bidr-k
k, s.f. Parcel-post.
H bidr, s.f. Mixed metal (composed H bad-lm, s.m.=bad-nm,
of copper, zinc, and tin) plated with silver
(see bidar: It is used to make cups and other
vessels, and uqqbottoms); mixed metal
(syn. bharat).
P ba-dast, adv. In hand; to hand.
P ba-dastr, adv. According to custom;
according to rule or practice; in the usual
manner, as usual, as before.
H bad-sal, s.m. See s.v. bad,
'hog.'
P bid`at (for A. ), s.f. Novelty or
innovation in religion, schism, heresy; wrong-
doing, wrong, violence, oppression, outrage;
strife, contention, quarrel:bid`at karn (-par),
To do violence or wrong (to); to practise
oppression (on); to contend, quarrel.
P bid`at, s.m. Innovator in religion;
heretic, schismatic; wrong-doer; oppressor,
tyrant; contentious or quarrelsome person.
P A ba-diqqat, adv. With trouble or
difficulty:=ba-diqqat tamm, adv. With the
greatest difficulty.
H bidkn, v.t. To scare; to
startle, &c. (=bijhkn, q.v.); to cause to recede
H bidakn, v.n. To be scared; to
start, shy, &c. (=bijhakn, q.v.);to move, stir;
to move aside or out of the way; to shift; to
draw back, shrink (from); to be dissuaded.
H baddal, badal, s.m.
Cloud=bdal, q.v.
A badal, s.m. Change, alteration; exchange,
substitution; return, requital, retaliation;
(for, -ke); on account (of); for:badal karn (-
ke sth, or -se), To make or effect an exchange
(with, or for); to exchange or substitute (for):
badal-e-ml, s.m. Price; barter:badal-
mushhara, s.m. Stipend given in money or
kind to public or private servants.
P ba-dil, adv. With the heart, heartily,
cordially, sincerely:badil o jn, adv. With
heart and soul.
H badl [from A. badal], s.m.
Change; exchange; lieu, stead; substitute;
return, recompense; compensation, reparation,
restitution, indemnification, redress; requital,
retaliation, reprisal, retribution, revenge:
badl den (-ko), To make a return, give
something in exchange or return, give an
equivalent; to recompense, requite; to
to indemnify:badl len (-k, for; -se, from),
To take revenge; to retaliate; to wreak
vengeance (on):badle, postp. In exchange
(for -ke), in return (for), in lieu (of).
q.v.s.v. bad.
H badln (caus. of badaln), v.t.
To cause to change, &c.=badalwn, q.v.
H badl`, s.f. Barter; exchange;
price of exchange; something given in exchange
(=badalw`).
H badaln (from A. badal), v.n. To
be changed or altered; to change, alter, vary; to
assume another form, grow or become; to shift,
veer, turn round; to be removed, transferred,
transplanted; to change for the worse, look
older; to lose colour, fade; to be disfigured;
v.t. To change, alter; to exchange, barter; to
substitute one thing for another; to disguise; to
place a false construction on, to misrepresent,
298
pervert, torture, twist; to transfer, remove, valued far below the market price;selling or
transplant; to transform, transmute; to shift buying a standing crop at a certain fixed rate of
(one's ground, &c.), shuffle (generally with the grain.
word bt, e.g. bt badalt hai):badal-jn,
v.n.=badaln (and is the more common A badan, adj. Of or relating to the body
form):badal-den, v.t. To change, (badan); corporeal.
&c.=badaln:badal-len, v.t. To take in
exchange, to exchange=badaln. H bad, badd (from P. bad), adj.
H badalwn (caus. of badaln), & s.m. Infamous;a bad character, infamous
v.t. To cause to be exchanged; to have, or get, man.
changed or altered; to change, &c.
(see badaln). A bad, bado, s.f. The first (of anything);
H badalw`, s.f.=badl`, q.v. beginning, commencement;a desert;(for
badaw), a tribe of Arabs inhabiting the desert.
H badla, s.m.=badl, q.v.
H badl (from badl, q.v.), s.f.
H bidwn [S. ], adj.
Change; exchange; barter; transfer; substitution,
Learned, instructed, intelligent, wise, scientific.
stead, lieu; person or thing taken in exchange
for another; substitute; relief (of a watch):
badl karn (-k), To change; to make an H bidorn, = H
exchange; to transfer; to relieve (from duty or bidon, [S. , rt. ], To open out, lay
watch):badl-me, adv. In exchange (for), open; to expose; to screw; to expose to ridicule;
&c.=badle, q.v.:badl-me hon (-k), To be to laugh at, mock, ridicule.
in the room (of); to stand in the place (of); to
officiate (for), do duty, or act as a substitute
(for). H bidon, = H
H badl (dim. of bdal), s.f. bidorn, [S. , rt. ], To open out, lay
Cloudiness; a small bit of cloud:badl-k open; to expose; to screw; to expose to ridicule;
khuln, v.n. Clouds being dispersed or to laugh at, mock, ridicule.
disappearing, to become fine.
H badle, postp. See s.v. badl. P ba-daulat, adv. By the good fortune (of,
-k), by the favour or bounty (of); by means
H badan [S. ], s.m. Mouth; face, (of), through, owing (to).
countenance.
A badan, s.m. Body; privities:badan A bidn, prep. Without, deprived of; with
phal-jn, v.n. To be covered with an eruption the exception of, besides.
of pustules, &c.:badan n, v.n. To suffer
racking pains in the body, or in the bones; to A badaw, adj. & s.m. Of the desert;an
have the body stretched or bent; to have the Arab of the desert; a countryman, country-
body trained by gymnastic exercises:badan bumpkin.
ton, To train the body by gymnastic or
athletic exercises. S badha, badh, s.m. Killing, slaying;
death, murder, slaughter:badh-dan, s.m.
H badn, vulg. budn [S. , rt. Punishment of death, capital punishment:
], v.t. To speak: to settle, appoint, ordain; to badh-sthn, badh-sthal, s.m. badh-sthal, s.f.
Place of execution, or of slaughter:badha-
take or invoke (as a witness); to predestinate, kmy, s.f. Desire, or intent, to kill or hurt:
predestine; to stipulate, agree; to vow, pledge badha-kksh, adj. Wishing for death, desirous
(one's) word; to wager, bet, stake; to of dying:badh karn (-k, or -ko), To kill,
acknowledge, own, admit; to observe or keep (a murder, slaughter (=badhn):badhopya
vow, &c.); to heed, mind, regard, obey; to (badha+upya), s.m. Instrument or means of
empannel (a jury).
putting to death:badhwa, vulg. badhu`ans,
s.m. Slaughter of a whole race or family;
H badn, s.f.=badhn, q.v. wholesale slaughter, butchery, utter
destruction;badh-wa karn, v.t. To
H badn, s.f. A contract by which the slaughter wholesale, to butcher, destroy,
borrower gives a bond at high interest, and, as a exterminate:badh-yogya, adj. Deserving of
future security to the lender, assigns his crops, death; fit to be killed or slaughtered.

299
S baddha, adj. Bound, tied; comprehension, knowledge; thought, opinion,
notion, reflection:budh-bipart, adj. Contrary
suppressed, checked, restrained, withheld,
to reason, unreasonable:buddhi-bal, s.m.
obstructed; fixed, firmly rooted:baddhnjul
Strength of intellect; mental power:buddhi-
(baddha+ajul), s.f. Respectful salutation,
bhrit, adj. Wise, intelligent:buddhi-bhrashta,
putting the joined hands to the forehead by way
adj. & s.m. Of a deteriorated intellect; bereft of
of salutation:baddha-ikh, adj. & s.m.
reason;deterioration or destruction of
Young;pupil;child whose hair has not been
intellect:buddhi-bhram, s.m. Aberration of
shaven:baddha-sikh, s.f. Name of a pungent
the mind or intellect:buddhi-rsi, s.m. Name
root, a kind of garlic:baddha-kop, s.m. One
of Gane, as the god of wisdom:buddhi-rp,
who governs or suppresses his wrath:baddha-
buddhi-rp, adj. & s.m. Of the manner or
ml, adj. Firmly-rooted, fast.
nature of intelligence;the form or
embodiment of intelligence:buddhi-sgar,
H bidhi, bidh [S. ], s.f. s.m. Ocean of intelligence (an epithet and a
Rule, form, formula, sacred precept; precept, proper name):buddhi-akti, s.f. Intellectual
maxim; injunction, order, command; law, faculty:budh-me an, v.n. To enter or be
statute, ordinance; direction (for the impressed on the mind; to be intelligible or
performance of a rite), sacred text or scripture comprehensible:buddhi-hn, adj. Devoid of
prescribing any act or observance; any intellect; senseless, ignorant, silly, simple,
prescribed act, rite, or ceremony; act, action; foolish:buddhi-hnat, s.f. Ignorance,
behaviour, conduct, mode of life; method, senselessness, silliness, foolishness:
manner, mode, way, means; kind, sort; fate, buddhndriya (buddhi+indriya), s.m. Organ of
destiny, lot;balance of an account; adjustment the intellect (as distinguished from an organ of
of an account;s.m. Name of the god Brahm; action. Six are enumerated, viz. mind, eye, ear,
of the god Vishnu:bidh khn, bidh miln, nose, tongue, skin).
v.n. To agree, correspond, tally; an agreement
to be come to; bargain to be struck:bidh H bidht [S. ], s.m.
miln or milwn, To consult sacred texts with
respect to performing a rite or ceremony (as a Arranger, disposer, maker, creator; providence;
marriage, &c.); to consult the horoscope of the name of Brahm (as creator of the world);
bride and bridegroom before performing the fate, destiny (syn. bidhn).
marriage ceremony;to check or clear an
account; to strike a balance:bidhi-wat, adj. H bidhn [S. ], s.m.
According to rule, law, precept, &c. Sending; ordering; arrangement, disposition;
creation; ordinance, injunction, &c. (=bidhi,
H bidhu, bidh [S. ], s.m. q.v.); worship, ceremony; gaining, gain; wealth;
act of hostility; conflict of opposite feelings.
The moon;name of Brahm; name of Vishu.

H badhn, v.t. To increase,

H budh, s.f.=buddhi, q.v.
&c.=bahn, q.v.
S budh, s.m. A wise or learned man
H badhn, v.t. To sound,
(=buddha, q.v.); name of a son of Soma or the
moon, and regent of the planet Mercury; the &c.=bajn, q.v.
planet Mercury; Wednesday:budh-br, budh-
wr, s.m. Wednesday:budh-jan, s.m. A wise S baddhnjuli, s.f. See s.v.
or learned person. baddh.

S buddha, and H. budh, s.m. Any H badhw [S. , rt. ],

wise or learned man, a sage;the Buddha or
'enlightened,' who is regarded as the ninth
incarnation of Vishu, and the apparent founder
of Buddhism.
S buddhi, and H. buddh, congratulation, congratulations; merry-making,
budhi, budh, s.f. Perception, observation,
intelligence, understanding, sense, intellect,
mind, wisdom, judgment, discernment;
s.m. Congratulations on the birth of a child;
presents distributed at the ceremony of cutting
the umbilical cord, or at the birth of a child;
presents carried to the house of a woman on the
sixth or the fortieth day after childbirth; song of
revelry;badhw den, To congratulate, &c.
H bidhwa (abst. subst. from
bidh`on = bedhn), s.f. Piercing, perforation.

300
 S buddhi-mat, f. = S
H badh`, s.f.=badhw, q.v.
buddhi-mn, m. = S
buddhi-mat, m. = S buddhi-
H badh`, s.f. Increase, growth,
mant, m. adj. Endowed with understanding,
development, &c. (=bah`, q.v.); propagation; intelligent, sagacious, sensible, wise,
offspring, issue, child; hope of issue (in the intellectual, learned; ingenious, skilful;
language of women). known, famed, celebrated;buddhi-mn,
budhi-mn, budh-mn, s.m. A man of
H budh-br, s.m. See s.v. budh. understanding, shrewd or sensible man; wise or
learned man, sage;buddhi-mat, s.f. A woman
S budhit, part. Known, perceived, of understanding, &c.
understood, comprehended.
S buddhi-mant, m. = S
S badhir, adj. Deaf=bahr, q.v. buddhi-mn, m. = S
buddhi-mat, m. = S buddhi-
S badhirat, s.f. Deafness=bahr- mat, f. adj. Endowed with understanding,
pan. intelligent, sagacious, sensible, wise,
intellectual, learned; ingenious, skilful;
S badhak, vulg. baddhak, badhik, known, famed, celebrated;buddhi-mn,
budhi-mn, budh-mn, s.m. A man of
s.m. One who kills, killer, slayer, slaughterer,
understanding, shrewd or sensible man; wise or
butcher, executioner, murderer, assassin.
learned man, sage;buddhi-mat, s.f. A woman
of understanding, &c.
H badhik, badhak [S.
+, or ], s.m. Huntsman, sportsman, S badhan, s.m. Killing, slaying, &c.
fowler;killer, &c. (=badhak, q.v.). (=badh); see next.

S baddhak, s.m. One who is bound; H badhn [badh = Prk. ()=S.

captive, prisoner. (), rt. or ], v.t. To kill, slay,
slaughter; to smite; to wound.
S buddhi-mn, m. = S
buddhi-mat, m. = S H badhn, v.t.=badn, q.v.
buddhi-mat, f. = S buddhi-
mant, m. adj. Endowed with understanding, H badhn [S. ], v.n. To
intelligent, sagacious, sensible, wise, increase grow, &c.=bahn, q.v. H
intellectual, learned; ingenious, skilful;
known, famed, celebrated;buddhi-mn, badhn [S. ], s.m. An earthen or metal
budhi-mn, budh-mn, s.m. A man of (particularly copper) vessel with a spout to it; a
understanding, shrewd or sensible man; wise or vessel for drinking water from.
learned man, sage;buddhi-mat, s.f. A woman
of understanding, &c. H bidhn [S. ], v.n. To be
pierced or perforated (see bedhn); to be
S buddhi-mat, m. = S wounded.
buddhi-mn, m. = S
H bidhn [S. , from
buddhi-mat, f. = S buddhi-
mant, m. adj. Endowed with understanding, ], s.m. Arranger, disposer, &c.=bidht,
intelligent, sagacious, sensible, wise, q.v.
intellectual, learned; ingenious, skilful;
known, famed, celebrated;buddhi-mn, H badhn, s.f. Dim. of badhn, 'a
budhi-mn, budh-mn, s.m. A man of vessel,' q.v.
understanding, shrewd or sensible man; wise or
learned man, sage;buddhi-mat, s.f. A woman
of understanding, &c.

301
S badh, s.f. Newly-married woman, (of a carriage, &c.); streak, weal, mark of a
stroke with a cane, &c.
bride; young wife; daughter-in-law, son's wife;
wife; woman, female (see bah).
H buddhi, s.f.=buddhi, or buddh, q.v.
H buddh [S. +], s.m. Stupid
fellow, blockhead, fool, idiot (syn. bhod);a H badhiy, badhy [S. , rt.
proper name. ], s.f. A castrated animal; a bullock;
gelding:badhiy karn, v.t. To castrate, geld.
H bidhaw, bidhw [S. ], s.f.
Widow. S badhyat, s.f. Fitness to be
killed or put to death.
H bidhaw, s.m.=bidht, q.v.
S buddhndriya, s.m. See s.v.
S budh-wr, s.m. Wednesday; see buddhi.
s.v. budh.
S badhya, part. adj. Requiring to be
S buddhi-wn, adj. & killed, fit to be slaughtered; deserving of death;
s.m.=buddhi-mn, q.v. condemned or doomed to death:badhya-
bhmi, s.f. badhya-sthn, s.m. Place of
S badhopya, s.m. See s.v. slaughter or execution (badh-sthn).
badh.
H bad, badda` [S. ], s.f. The
S buddhi-wat, = S dark half of the lunar month, from full moon to
new moon; the wane of the moon.
buddhi-wat, = H
buddhi-want, adj.=buddhi-mat, buddhi-mat, H bad, badd, badda`,
and buddhi-mant, q.v.
s.f.=baddh, q.v.

S buddhi-wat, = S P bad, s.f. Badness, wickedness, evil, ill,

buddhi-wat, = H mischief, injury, misfortune:bad-par n,
v.n. To be bent on mischief, &c.:bad tn or
buddhi-want, adj.=buddhi-mat, buddhi-mat,
and buddhi-mant, q.v. etn (-k), To think ill (of):bad ln (-
me), To sow evil or mischief (between):
bad karn (-k), To do wrong or harm (to), to
H buddhi-want, = S
injure, hurt; to speak ill (of, -k), malign,
buddhi-wat, = S slander, backbite.
buddhi-wat, adj.=buddhi-mat, buddhi-mat, and
buddhi-mant, q.v. H bidy, vulg. biddiy [S. , rt.
], s.f. Learning, science; knowledge;
H bi-dhwas [S. ], s.m.
intellect; skill, art; a magical pill or bolus
Falling to ruin, ruin, destruction, annihilation, (which placed in the mouth is supposed to give
extermination. the power of ascending to heaven); magical
knowledge or skill;name of a small insect
S badhwa, badhwas, s.m. (called also Saraswat):bidy-dhar, s.m. A
See s.v. badh. particular kind of good or evil genius attending
upon the gods;a learned man; one skilled in
magical knowledge:abode of learning,
S badh, s.m.=badhak, q.v.
school, college (=bidylay):bidyrth
(vidy+arth), s.m. Seeker after knowledge,
H baddh [S. ], s.f. An ornament student, scholar, pupil (syn. tlib-`ilm):
worn round the neck, a long chain or garland of bidylay, s.m. Abode of learning, school,
flowers worn (as by a bride and bridegroom) college.
round the neck, hanging down to the waist, and
crossing behind and before; a similar ornament
made of leather; belt, sash; pair of braces; brace

302
H bidy-wn, adj. & s.m. H buhpan [S. ], = H
Learned, scientific, skilled; a learned man, a
scholar (=bidwn, vidwn).
H ba-der, adv. Late; after a long time, after
much delay.
H bides, vulg. bades [S. ],
s.m. Another country, foreign land;adv. To
another country, abroad (syn. pardes).
buhp, buhp, s.m.
Old age, senility (=buhp).
H buh-gang, s.m. The old bed
of the Ganges, where it has shifted its stream.
H bihawn [S. , rt. ] ,
v.t. To reduce, lessen, diminish, abate.

H bides [S. ], adj. & s.m. H bahiy, s.m. A disease affecting

Of another country, from foreign parts; foreign; jawr, bjr, Indian corn, and sugar-cane, which
wretched;foreigner; traveller; outsider, prevents the head from shooting.
stranger.
H buhiy [S. +], = H
A bad`, adj. Novel, wonderful, strange,
rare, curious:bad`u`l-jaml, Of wonderful or buh, buh adj. & s.f. Old, aged
rare beauty. (woman or female);old woman (=bh).

P bad (=ba+), adv. To, for, or in this. H buh, buh = H

P badha (for A. ), s.m. Anything done buhiy [S. +], adj. & s.f. Old, aged
impromptu, or without premeditation or (woman or female);old woman (=bh).
consideration; an extempore, an impromptu; an
unexpected event; an axiom. H bahel, s.m.=bahel, q.v.

A badh, adj. Impromptu, extempore,

unpremeditated; apparent, obvious, manifest, H bu, bu, adj. & s.f.=buh,
self-evident;s.f. An axiom. q.v.

H ba, ba, adj.=ba, q.v. A bi-ti-hi, adv. By its own essence; of

itself; of himself; in person, personally;
essentially; independently; intrinsically.
H bu, adj.=buh and bh, q.v.
A bar, s.m. Seed-corn, seed:bar-gar,
H birn [bir = Prk. s.m. Sower, husbandman.
() or ()=S. (), caus. of P A ba-ar`a, adv. By way (of), by means
rt. +] , v.t. To drive away, turn away, turn (of), through; by reason of (=ba-wasla, q.v.).
out, expel, exclude; to efface.
A bal, s.m. Giving liberally; munificence;
gift, present; expense:bal karn, v.t. To
H biarn [biar = Prk.
present; to expend:bal hon, v.n. To be
()=S. (), rt. + ; cf. ln], expended.
v.n.=bitharn; and v.t.=bithrn; q.q.v.
P bala (from A. bal), s.m. Witticism,
H buam, s.m. (?), Sound of water (cf. pleasantry, jest, joke, raillery (syn. latfa):
budbud). bala-bz, adj. & s.m. Witty;wit; jester,
buffoon.
H buh [S. +], adj. & s.m.
P bila (for A. ), s.m. A garment that is
Old, aged;old man (=bh or bh). worn in daily service or work, and that is not
taken care of.
H buhp, buhp, = H
buhpan [S. ], s.m. Old H bar [S. , rt. ], s.m. Choosing,
age, senility (=buhp). selecting; choice, election, wish, request, boon,
favour, blessing, good; anything chosen as a

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present; gift, reward, recompense; one who
chooses, chooser; one who solicits a girl in
marriage, suitor, wooer, lover; bridegroom, son-
in-law; husband, lord, master;breadth (of
cloth);adj. Best, excellent, precious:bar-
barn (S. vara+vara+ka), adj. Of the best
colour, of an excellent colour; white, fair:bar-
jog (S. vara+yogya), adj. Marriageable (a
girl):bar-dn, s.m. Granting a boon;
benefaction; wedding-gift to a bride from her
betrothed; answer to a prayer addressed to God
or a saint:bar-d`, bar dyak, adj. & s.m.
Granting or vouchsafing a blessing;giver of a
choice; granter of a boon, vouchsafer of a
blessing:bar-daih, s.f. Compensation for
pasture ground:bar-ghosh, s.m. An excellent
cowherd.
H bar [S. ], conj. But, moreover,
even, &c. (=baran and par, q.q.v.).
s.m. ravishing, or ravisher of, hearts;nma-
bar, s.m. bearer of a letter.)
H barr [S. ], s.f. Wasp.
A barr, s.m. Dry land. land (opp. to bar);
desert:barr-ttar, s.m. Rock-partridge; rock-
pigeon; the Indian grouse (=bhar-ttar):barra
wa bara, adv. By land and by sea:barr-e-
a`am, s.m. Continent (syn. mah-dp).
A birr, s.m. A fox-cub.
H bur [S. , rt. ], s.f. Pudenda
fmin, vulva (=bul; bu):bur-jar (i.e. bur-
jal), s.f. A term of abuse applied to a woman,
e.g. brimstone, strumpet, slut.
H bar = ba, q.v.

H bar [S. ], s.f. Asparagus H barr [S. ; or ], s.m.

racemosus. Rope, string (=barr; barh); a kind of rope
used in a village game on the fourteenth of the
H bar [S. ], s.m. The Indian fig-tree, light half of Kwr.
Ficus indica (=ba).
P [ old P. awar; Pehl. apar; Zend upairi; S. H birr, s.m. Grain and barley sown in
=H. par; par], prep. & prefix. On, upon, the same field:birr-barr, s.m. (in revenue),
up, above; at; in, into; with; forth, back, away, Collection in kind.
against; based upon, according to; on account
of. (Prefixed to words it modifies or strengthens H bur [prob. S. ], adj. (f. -), Bad,
the sense, as will appear from the numerous evil, ill, wicked, vicious, evil-minded, immoral,
examples which will be found in their proper unprincipled, vile, base, villainous,
alphabetical places.) mischievous, injurious, calamitous, destructive,
baneful; ugly, ill-looking; disagreeable,
P bar [Zend vara; S. ], s.m. Breast, unpleasant; odious, hateful;s.m. Evil, ill,
bosom, chest;(=S. uru or vara), breadth (of harm, injury; evil person:bur bman, s.m. A
cloth);fruit (=phal):bar-ur, adj. & sect of Brahmans who perform the obsequies of
the dead (syn. araj):bur bann, v.t. To
s.f.=bar-urd, and bar-urdr, q.q.v.:
depreciate, represent as bad or worthless; to
bar-urd, s.f. lit. 'Eating or enjoying the
detract, defame, disparage:bur-bhal, adj. &
fruit'; success, prosperity; enjoyment,
s.m. (f. -), Middling, tolerable, passable;bad
happiness, the obtaining one's desires;bar-
or evil person; reproach; abusive language;
urdr, adj. & s.m. Prosperous, successful, bur-bhal kahn, To reproach, revile, abuse:
happy, enjoying long life and prosperity;
bur l, s.m. Bad state; sad, deplorable, or
blessed with a family of sons;male issue, son,
wretched condition;bur l karn (-k), To
child;bar-urdr, s.f. Happiness, &c.
reduce to a bad or wretched condition; to ill-
(=barurd); numerous issue or offspring: treat; to ruin:bur km, s.m. Any act
bar-dr, adj. Broad, wide (cloth):bar-sm, forbidden by law; malpractice, vice; adultery,
s.m. lit. 'Chest-swelling'; inflammation of the
fornication (syn. bad-fe`l):bur karn (-k),
diaphragm, pleurisy:bar-mrn, bar hkn, To do wrong, harm, &c. (to), to wrong, harm,
v.n. To boast, brag. injure:bur kahn (-ko), To speak ill (of), to
pronounce or call (one) bad, evil, wicked, &c.;
P bar [act. part. of burdan, rt. Zend bar = to vilify, abuse:bur lagn (-ko), To prove
S.] , adj. & s.m. Bearing, carrying, taking, disagreeable, be unpleasant:bur mnn, v.t.
seizing, taking away, carrying off;bearer, To take ill or amiss, to be displeased or angry,
carrier, &c. (used in comp., e.g. dil-bar, adj. & to be affronted, feel oneself insulted:bur
waqt, bur zamna, s.m. Evil hour, evil time,

304
evil days, hard times:bur b, s.f. Bad thing; (with), be enough (for); to balance; to come
bad language, abuse; bad conduct:bur-u, abreast (of), come up (to), overtake (=barbar
s.f. Screech-owl, owlet, Strix:bur lat, bur n); to keep pace (with), keep up (with); to be
gat, s.f.=bur l, q.v.:bur gha, s.f.;bure complete; to be full, be up to the brim (as a
din, s.m.=bur waqt, q.v. hole); to terminate, come to an end, be
expended, spent, run through, wasted; to be
settled, adjusted, or discharged (as an account
H burr [S. +, cf. bur], s.m.
or debt); to be even (with), be quits.
Interior cavity, hollow; anything that is hollow
within (as a drum, dry pumpkin, &c.); the seed
P barbar, vulg. barbr, barabr,
of the kusm plant; pimple, blotch, eruption (on
the skin). barobr, s.f. Level, par, equality, equalization,
equilibrium, equipoise, balance; exactness,
agreement, correspondence; parallelism;
H barbar (i.e. bar--bar, 'breast to
competition, emulation, rivalry; presumption,
breast'), adj. & postp. Abreast, even, level, on a insolence:barbar karn (-k), To equal; o
level (with, -ke), up (to); on a par (with), on an try to equal; to copy, imitate; to vie (with),
equality (with), equal (to); next (to), adjoining; emulate, rival; to cope or strive (with); to
agreeing, coinciding, fitting; facing, confront, withstand, oppose, resist, defy; to be
confronting, opposite; level, flat, even, smooth, insolent or presumptuous.
horizontal, parallel; uniform, alike, similar, the
same; exact, precise; straight, direct; regular; of P bar`at, vulg. bart (for A. , v.n. fr.
the same age; answering, corresponding; , cf. bar), s.f. A writing conferring immunity
unchangeable, impartial, indifferent; futile, or exemption; commission, warrant, decree,
without effect or result;s.m. Equal, peer, assignment, letter; draught, cheque;the
compeer;adv. Regularly, uniformly, fourteenth day of the month Sha`bn, &c. (see
invariably, constantly; precisely, exactly; shab-e-bart).
approximately; along with, together, side by
side; conjointly, concurrently; straight on,
continuously, without break or intermission, H bart, brt [S. +, and
directly, immediately, without delay:barbar ], s.f. The procession of the bridegroom (to
n (-ke), To come on a level (with), come up the house of the bride), marriage procession; the
(to), to overtake:barbar barbar, adv. company or attendants at a marriage; multitude,
(emphat. of barbar), Breast to breast, shoulder flock, assemblage, troop, crowd;a suit at
to shoulder, side by side; in a row or line: cards:bart-k ahn, The setting out of the
barbar-jo, s.m. (Math.), An equation (syn. bridegroom in procession (to the house of the
sam-kara; muswt):barbar sarbar, adj. & bride):bart karn, bart me jn, v.n. To
adv.=barbar, q.v.:barbar-k, adj. (f. -), Of join in a marriage procession.
the same size, weight, age, or standing, &c.;
equal:barbar-k be, s.m. Grown-up son:
H bart, s.m. One who joins a
barbar-k jo, s.m.=barbar-k akkar, q.v.:
barbar-ke, adj. Of equal weight:barbar marriage procession, or attends a marriage.
karn or kar-den, v.t. To make level, plane, or
smooth; to level, raze, demolish, destroy; to H bir [S. , rt. ],
efface, rub or wipe out; to run through, waste, Splendour, beauty; the embodied spirit.
spend (as a fortune); to bring to a termination,
complete, finish (a work); to liquidate or H bir [S. ], s.m. Name of
discharge (a debt); to make equal, like, or
the province of Berar in Central India; name of
similar, to equalize, assimilate, balance, accord,
an ancient king.
match, adapt, compose, adjust:barbar-k
akkar, barbar-k o, s.f. Person of equal
standing, rank, wealth or power; equal, peer; H barh, s.m.=bareh, q.v.
suitable match, partner or mate; equal
shareholders; (in Mech.), equal forces acting in H birj [S. ], s.m. Splendour,
opposite directions;barbar-k akkar-k, adj. beauty (=bir, and see virj).
Of equal standing, rank, &c.; equally good, on a
par, equal:barbar-wl, s.m. Equal:
barbar hon or ho-jn, v.n. To be level, even, H birj-mn [S. ],
smooth; to be levelled, razed, demolished; to be adj. Splendid, brilliant, shining, handsome,
effaced, erased, wiped out; to be equal (to), on a gorgeous; holding the sceptre, sitting in state,
par (with); to suit, fit, match, agree, coincide presiding.

305
 H barr [S. , or ], s.m.
H birjn [S. ], v.t. Thong, rope, string (especially of a swing; cf.
To impart splendour or lustre to, to adorn, barr and barh).
grace, beautify;v.n. To shine, be splendid or
conspicuous; to appear; to sit in state, sit P bar-r (see bar-r), s.m. A
majestically; to preside; to lord it, live at ease,
shareholder paying his portion of the jama`
enjoy oneself; to live in health, ease, content, or
according to the barr taxation.
independence.
A barz, birz, s.m. Satisfying a want of
P bardar, birdar [old P. burdar; Pehl.
nature; stool, motion; excrement, human
brt; Zend brtar; S. ], s.m. Brother; ordure;coming out or forth to battle; fighting.
relation, relative, kinsman:birdar-e-ayf,
s.m. Step-brother; uterine brother (syn. gaila H burrs, burs, s.m. The tree
bh`):birdar-e-andar, birdar-andar, s.m. Rhododendron arboreum (common on the outer
Half-brother (syn. sautel bh`):birdar- ranges of the Himalaya from the Indus to
parwar, adj. Kind to relations, or to brethren Bhn; also written burrs, brs.
and friends:birdar-e-tau`am, s.m. Twin
brothers (syn. juw-bh`):birdar-e-
H birs, adj. Eighty-two=bys,
aqq, s.m. Own brother, full brother (syn.
sag bh`):bardar-ndag, s.f. Calling q.v.
oneself a brother, profession of fraternal
P bar-shufta, adj. Excited, distracted
affection:birdar-e-urd, s.m. Younger
(=shufta, q.v.).
brother (syn. ho bh`):birdar-e-ra`,
s.m. Foster brother (syn. ddh-bh`):birdar-
P bar-uftd, adj. Fallen off, fallen away;
zda, s.m. Brother's son, nephew (syn.
dwindled away.
bhatj):birdar-zd, s.f. Brother's daughter,
niece (syn. bhatj):birdar-kush, s.f.
P bar-afrota, adj. Lighted up,
Fratricide (syn. bh`-naty).
kindled, set on fire, inflamed.
P bardarna, birdarna, adj. & adv.
A burq, vulg. burrq, s.m. The mule on
Brotherly, fraternal; like a brother, becoming a
which Mohammad is said to have ascended one
brother.
night from Jerusalem to heaven, and thence
P bardar, birdar, vulg. birdr, s.f.
returned to Mecca; (met.) a swift or fleet steed.
Brotherhood, fraternity, connection,
relationship (syn. bh`-r); relation, relative,
A barrq, adj. Flashing, shining, brilliant,
kindred, kinsfolk; community, society; band of
resplendent; white, snow-white, clean.
musicians (called tshe-wle);adj. Brotherly,
fraternal:birdar-se rij, s.m. One who is
A P barrq, s.f. Brilliancy, splendour.
put out of caste, outcast:birdar-se rij
karn, v.t. To expel from a fraternity; to put out
of caste; to excommunicate. H birg, = H birg,
[S. , rt. ], s.m. Absence of desire or
P burda (for A. ), s.m. Filings; passion, indifference, disinclination, aversion;
sawdust; powder (syn. r). disregard of all sensual enjoyment; stoicism.

P bar-r (bar, 'up or out'+r, act. part. H birg, = H birg,

of wardan, 'to bring'), adj. & s.m. Bringing or
bearing up, bringing to pass;that which
brings up or to pass; raiser up, bearer up, taker,
bearer; one who, or that which, effects or
accomplishes (an object), accomplisher,
performer, producer;effecting,
accomplishment;produce of taxation;
taxation, tax (in general):bar-r-e-kar, s.m.
Accomplishment of an affair.
[S. , rt. ], s.m. Absence of desire or
passion, indifference, disinclination, aversion;
disregard of all sensual enjoyment; stoicism.
H birg [S. ], adj. & s.m.
Void of passion or desire; entertaining aversion
or dislike;stoical person, stoic; ascetic.
H birm [S. ], s.m. Cessation,
rest, repose; stoppage, stop, pause; name of a

306
small oblique stroke placed under a consonant
to denote that it is quiescent, or that it has no H bar, s.m. Verandah,
vowel inherent or otherwise pronounced after it
&c.=baran, q.v.
(syn. sukn).

H burrs, burs,
H birm, corr. of bmr, and of be-
rm, q.q.v. s.m.=burs, brs, q.q.v.

P bar-mad, s.f. Coming up, coming or P bar-angeta (from bar-angekhtan,

going out or forth, egress, outgoing, exit, issue, 'to rouse,' &c.), part. Roused, awakened, stirred
eruption; outgoings, drawings, expenditure, up, excited, incited;bar-angeta karn, v.t.
expenses; land thrown up (by a river), alluvial To rouse, stir up, raise, incite, excite, &c. (syn.
deposit;informing (particularly of bribery), uksn).
accusation;perf. part. Come up, come out
(=bar-mada):bar-mad hon (-se), To come H birnawe, birnwe, adj.
up, ascend, appear, rise, spring up, come forth; Ninety-two (=bnwe, q.v.).
to come out (of or from); to accrue; to be
recovered (as stolen property). H bar`o (v.n. from barn), s.m.
P bar-mada, bar-mda (perf. part. of bar- Avoiding, shunning, avoidance (of, -se); being
madan), part. Come up, come out or forth; cautious (of), being on one's guard (against);
recovered (as stolen property);s.m. Verandah, abstaining (from); abstinence (syn. ba`o:
balcony, porch, gallery, piazza, eaves (syn. bar`o karn (-se), To avoid, shun, be cautious
(of), be on one's guard (against); to abstain
baran; brj); outgoings, expenditure,
(from).
disbursement (=bar-mad, q.v.).
P bar-ward, vulg. bar-wurd, s.f.
P burrn [rt. Zend bar; S. ()], adj. Calculating, estimating, considering beforehand
Sharp, cutting. what may be necessary for a feast, &c.;
calculation, estimate, budget; pay-abstract:
H barn [S. , rt. ; but cf. bar-ward karn, v.t. To strike out (of a muster-
next], v.n. To remain at a distance (from), hold roll); to calculate, estimate; to carry forward or
(oneself) aloof (from), to avoid, shun; to to account.
abstain.
P bar-warda, vulg. bar-wurda, part.
Brought or carried forward, carried to
H bar-n (P. bar+H. n), v.n. account;s.m. Estimate, &c.=bar-ward.
To be successful, to prosper; to succeed (with, -
ke sth); to prevail (against), overcome. H bir`on, v.t.=birn, To vex,
q.v.
H barrn, v.n. To talk in one's
sleep, &c.=ban and baban, q.q.v. H barh [S. ], s.m. Boar,
&c.=brh, q.v.
H birn, adj. (f. -), Of, or relating
to, or belonging to, another; another's; strange, H barrha, s.f. Muttering in
foreign; extraneous, extrinsic (cf. P. brn).
sleep, &c.=baba, and babahat, q.q.v.
H birn [bir = birw = Prk.
S brhma, vulg. birhma, s.m.
() or (), fr. S. ], v.t. To
A Brhma, a member of the first Hind class.
vex, annoy, offend; to tease, mock, jibe, jeer.
S brhma, s.f. A
P bar-andta (from bar-andtan),
part. Thrown down, overthrown, upset, Brahmaness,wife of a Brahman; a woman of
demolished, destroyed. the Brhmaical caste.

P bar-andz (part. of bar-andatan), H brhmane [i.e.

part. adj. Throwing down, overthrowing, brhma+e+dim. aff. ], s.m. A young
overturning, demolishing, destroying. Brhma.

307
S brhmaya, s.m. State, rank, H barbat, s.f. A species of snake.
or business of a Brhma; the dignity of a
Brhma, Brhmanhood, priesthood, priestly S barba, s.m. A kind of bean,
rank or character; an assembly of Brhmans; Dolichos catjang (=bor).
the planet Saturn.
H burbur, s.m. Bubble (=bulbul,
S brhmya, s.m. Worship or q.v.).
veneration paid to Brhmans considered as one
of the five great sacraments;astonishment: H burburn, v.t.=bhurbhurn,
brhmya-muhrt, s.m. Dawn; the hour and burakn, q.q.v.
preceding sunrise.
H bar-bar, adj. See s.v. bar, 'a
H barh [S. ], s.f. Name of boon, &c.'
the akti of Vishu in the form of a boar
(varha), the goddess of eruptive diseases;a H barbar, s.f. A large kind of
small kind of sugar-cane:barh-k mel, s.m. goat (from Barbary).
Fair held in honour of the goddess Barh.
H barbas [S. , or =H.
P ba-r`e, adv. For the sake of, for
(=liye);on account of, because of, by reason +], s.m. Power, might, force, strength,
of; for the purpose of, in order to:ba-r`e prowess, bravery, vigour, violence.
nm, adj. & adv. Nominal, ostensible,
pretended, fictitious;nominally, ostensibly, P barbat (bar, 'breast'+bat, 'duck'), s.f. A
for the mere name of, in pretence or show. certain musical instrument, the Persian lute (so
called from its resemblance to the breast of a
H bur` (from bur, q.v.), s.f. duck or goose).
Badness, evil, wickedness, vice, depravity,
corruptness, vileness; mischievousness, H barban, s.f. (?), (local), North
hurtfulness, destructiveness; defect, harm, wind.
mischief: dissension; slander, calumny,
detraction; evil consequences or results: H bur-bol (bur+bol, rt. of
bur`-bhal`, s.f. Good and evil; damage,
mishap; reproach, censure, blame, accusation, boln, q.v. + ), adj. & s.m. (f. -), Foul-
&c. (=ilzm):bur`-par uhn, bur`-par mouthed, abusive, scurrilous;a foul-mouthed
or scurrilous person (=bur-bolnewl).
kamar badhn, v.n. To be bent on harm or
mischief.
H barbhas [S. ], s.m. Trick,
A bary (pl. of baryat), s.m.f. deceit, deception; affectation, hypocrisy (syn.
Creatures; people; nobles. bhagal: cf. next).

P bar-bd, adj. Lit. 'On or to the wind'; H burbhas, s.f.=bu-bhas, buh-

given to the wind, thrown or cast away, wasted,
bhas, q.v.
misapplied, squandered; laid waste, destroyed,
ruined, undone; ravaged, plundered, despoiled;
unsuccessful, abortive;bar-bd jn, v.n. To H barbhasiy [S. +],
be ruined, lost, &c.=bar-bd hon, q.v.:bar- adj. & s.m. Deceptive, false, hypocritical;
bd karn, v.t. To give to the winds, cast or affected;impostor, trickster, cheat, hypocrite;
throw away, lose, waste, squander, dissipate, affected person (syn. bhagliy: cf. next).
misapply; to lay waste, ruin, destroy, ravage,
plunder, &c.bar-bd hon or ho-jn, v.n. To H burbhasiy, adj. &
be ruined, lost, destroyed, thrown away, wasted, s.m.=bu-bhasiy, buh-bhasiy.
squandered, dissipated, laid waste, &c.
P bar-p, adj. On foot; erected, set up,
P barbd, s.f. Loss, ruin, destruction, established, &c.: bar-p rahn, v n. To continue
waste, laying waste, ravage, &c. (syn. uj; firm or standing:bar-p karn, v.t. To set on
n), destruction of crops (in the passage of foot; to start, begin; produce, cause, occasion,
troops, &c.). raise, pitch, establish; to excite:bar-p hon,

308
v.n. To be raised, be set on foot, pitched, to plume or pride oneself, on the substance,
established; to take rise, rise, spring. power, or support (of).

H barat, bart, brat [S. ], H brit, birt (see britt), s.m. A

s.m. Any religious act or obligation enjoined by religious endowment; a grant (generally of
the gods; a self-chosen or voluntary act, any land) to a religious person, or to a tenant, on
meritorious act of devotion or austerity, a certain stipulations.
devout observance, fasting, continence,
penance, vow, &c. (syn. ups; but this is more H bartn (caus. of bartn, q.v.),
correctly applied to a compulsory abstention
v.t. To make or cause to use, to use, apply; to
from food, as through inability to obtain it, or
deal out (to), distribute, apportion, dispense.
through sickness; whereas brat or barat has a
strictly religious signification).
H bartn, s.m. Clothes that have
H bart, barat [S. , or v.n. of H. been used; old or second-hand clothing.
bartn, q.v.], s.m. Use, practice (syn. iste`ml;
cf. bart`o). H brittnt, bitnt, vulg.
birtnt [S. ], s.m. Occurrence, incident,
H barat [S. ], s.f. Thong, event; tidings, information, rumour, report,
leathern girth; rope, cable;mark, streak, weal. intelligence; tale, story, narrative, relation,
history, account; topic, subject; mode,
H barat, s.m. A disease affecting rice- circumstance, manner, state, condition; sort,
kind; difference:brittnt-pattar, s.m. The
crops.
record of a decision given by a panyat.

H barat [S. ], adj. Burning,

H bart`o (v.n. from bartn), s.m.
blazing, flaming (see barn, imperf. part. bart).
Use, application; practice, custom;
employment; disbursement, apportionment,
H brit, brit, birt, birat, vulg. expenditure; usage, treatment, conduct:
bart [S. ], s.f. State, condition; means of bart`o karn (-se), To act or behave (towards);
to treat, use, deal (by or with).
subsistence, livelihood, allowance, stipend,
pension, income, estate, property, endowment;
P bar-tar (compar. of bar), adj. High;
a religious endowment or grant; behaviour,
higher, superior; excellent.
conduct; right, custom, privilege;supporters,
clients:brit-hand, s.m. A kind of Hind metre
P bar-tar, s.f. Eminence, superiority,
(consisting of four metrical lines or aras, excellence.
counted by syllables. It is of three kinds: 1
sam, or 'even,' having an equal number of
syllables in each line; 2 ardh-sam, 'half even,' H bartu, s.m. (?), Land sown with
having an equal number of syllables in the first sugar-cane after a rice-crop.
and third, and in the second and fourth lines; 3
bisham, 'odd,' having a different number of H bartta-mn, bartmn
syllables in each line).
[S. , rt. ], adj. Existing, present,
H briti, brit [S. ], s.m. being, actually taking place, passing, current;
dwelling, remaining, abiding;s.m. (in Gram.),
Appointing; a proxy in the performance of The present tense (syn. l).
religious duty.
H bartan [S. , rt. +], s.m.
H bart (perf. part. of bartn, q.v.),
Vesse domestic utensil, dish, plate, basin,
s.m. That which has been used.
&c.:bartan-bhe s.m. Vessels, utensils, &c.

H birt [S. +], s.m. Substance,

H bartn, baratn [S. , rt.
means, potency, power, ability, force, virtue,
excellence; action, deed, achievement; help, ], To revolve or turn over in the mind, to
support:birte-par uhln (-ke), To rejoice, or think over, to consider, reflect;v.t. To use,

309
employ, apply, make use of; to distribute, H barjatiya, s.m. A harmless
dispense; to spend, expend.
kind of snake.

H baratn, bartan (from baratn),

H bur-jar, s.f. See s.v. bur.
s.f. Orthography.
P bar-jasta (part. of bar-jastan, 'to leap
H barath, s.f. (?) Land situated in the up'), adj. Befitting, proper, right, exact;
midst of jungles. opportune, propos; prompt, ready;
impromptu.
H brita, s.m.=brit, q.v.
H barjan [S. , rt. ], s.m.
H brith, brith, birth, Forbidding, prohibiting, restraining, checking;
brath [S. ], adj. & adv. Abortive, shunning, avoiding, avoidance; abandoning,
leaving, desertion; dereliction; exclusion,
vain, useless worthless; in vain, uselessly, idly,
exception, omission:barjan karn (-ko), To
needlessly, without proper cause, gratuitously;
forbid, &c. (=barajn).
foolishly;s.m. A useless or worthless thing; a
nullity, dead letter.
H barjn, barajn [S.
H brat, bart [S. ], adj. & ] v.t. To forbid, &c. (see barjan).
s.m. Engaged in religious ceremonies
voluntarily undertaken; engaged in the H bar-jog, adj. See s.v. bar,
observance of religious obligations or vows; 'boon.'
pious;one who fasts, does penance, &c.;
ascetic, devotee, one who is under a vow; a A P burj (dim. of burj), s.f. Small tower,
religious student. turret cut-water of the pier of a bridge.
H birjiy, s.m. One of the
H birt, s.f. Name of a plant, a
subdivisions of ahrs, q.v.
species of Panicum.
A birjs (the Pers. barjs arabicized:cf.
H birtiy [S. +], s.m. A. S. gen. brihas- in brihas-pati), s.m. The planet
tenant who holds his land on a fixed unalterable Jupiter (syn. q-e-falak).
annual assessment (cf. birt).
P bara, s.m. A small spear (=barh,
H barr-ttar, s.m. The Indian grouse (see q.v.).
s.v. barr; & cf. bhar-ttar).
H biran (ber, 'jujube'+hn), s.m.
H braj, brij, birj [S. ], Flour or powder made from the fruit of the ber
s.m. Cattle-shed, cow-pen;name of the or Rhamnus jujuba.
district surrounding Agra and Mathur (the
scene of Krisha's juvenile adventures):braj- H biraan [S. , rt. ], s.m.
bs, s.m. An inhabitant of Braj; an armed
Making; compiling, composing, composition,
attendant:braj-bhsh, braj-bhkh, s.f. The
compilation; embellishing, embellishment.
dialect of Hind spoken in the district of Braj.

H biran [S. ], v.t. To

H burj, bruj (perhaps contr. from
make, fabricate, form, compose, &c. (see
ba+rajju, 'big-rope'), s.m. Cable, large track-
biraan).
rope (a small one being called gu).
P barca, s.m.=barh, q.v.
A burj. s.m. Bastion, tower, turret; a sign of
the zodiac; asterism, constellation:burj-e-
H bih, brih, birh,
amal, s.m. The sign Aries.
birih, birah [S. ], s.m. Tree (in general);
P bar-j, adj. In place, properly placed, plant (syn. pe).
arranged; true, accurate, right; on the ground,
prostrate, quiet.

310
H , barh [S. +], s.m. P bar-urdr, = P bar-ur,
Spear, lance (see barh):barh- (or barhe-) = P bar-urd, see s.v. bar, 'breast';
bardr, s.m. Spear, man, lancer (=barhait). 'fruit.'

P bare, s.m. See s.v. bar.

H brihak, birhik,
birhak [S. , rt. ], s.m. A bariy, s.m. Name of the father of
Scorpion; the sign Scorpio (=bih; syn. af, the minister of Solomon. (He is fabled to
aqrab). have been fairy-born, whence the use of his
name in amulets or spells to avert evil).
H , barh (dim. of barha,
q.v.), s.f. Small spear; spear, lance, javelin, H barad [S. +], s.m. Bull, ox,
dart:barh-bardr, s.m. Spearman, lancer. bullock (=balad).

H , barhait [S. H barad [S. ], adj. Conferring a

++], s.m. Spearman, lancer. boon; granting a request or prayer; favourable,
propitious (see bar, 'boon').

H , bar, s.f.=barh, q.v. A bard, s.m. Cold, coldness, frigidity:

bard-e-atrf, s.m. Coldness of the extremities,
P A bar-aq, adj. Based upon right; by or coldness of death.
of right, rightful, right, true, justifiable, proper;
in truth, for or of a certainty; real, actual; H birad, bird [S. ], s.m. Fame,
positive; incumbent, inevitable.
reputation, honour, glory; eulogy, panegyric.
P bar, adj. Little, few, some:bare, P burd (v.n.or 3rd pers. sing. pret.of
s.m. A little, a few, somewhat. burdan, 'to carry, &c.), s.f. Bearing, carrying;
bearing or carrying off; capture, prize,
P bar-st, s.f. Rising up, breaking up acquisition, gain, profit, haul, catch; pocketings,
or closing (of a court or office); recalling or pickings, perquisites, bribes; stake, wager, bet;
removal from office, recall, dismissal:bar- (in chess) the state in which an adversary has
st karn, v.t. To break up (a court, &c.), lost all his pieces, the king alone remaining, the
dismiss, permit to depart; to remove from game so won (it is not considered so creditable
office, deprive of office:bar-st hon, v.n. as 'check-mate'):burd-br, adj. lit. 'Bearing a
To rise or break up (as an assembly); to be burden'; forbearing, tolerant, longsuffering,
closed, dissolved; to be dismissed, deprived of patient, gentle, mild, meek;burd-br, s.f.
office. Bearing of a burden; forbearance, toleration,
longsuffering, patience, meekness,
P bar-stag, s.f. Rising or breaking gentleness:burd den, v.t. To lose, miss,
up (of an assembly, &c.), dissolution; dismissal forfeit; to waste, squander:burd mrn, v.n.
removal from office. To gain a victory, win the game (at chess); to
make an acquisition; make a haul, have a
P A bar-ilf, adj. & adv. windfall, &c.:burd-mand, adj. Bearing,
Contradictory, adverse; inconsistent, untrue; the productive, fruitful.
contrary (of, -ke), opposed (to), against; on the
contrary:bar-ilf,e-`n. Contrary to law, P bar-dr, adj. See s.v. bar, 'bosom.'
illegal.
P bar-dr [act. part. of bar-dshtan;
P bar-ur, = P bar-urd, = P and=Pehl. burtr: Zend beretar, rt. bar; S.
bar-urdr, see s.v. bar, 'breast'; bhartar, rt. bhar], adj. & s.m. Holding or raising
'fruit.' up; bearer, supporter, carrier, taker up (used in
comp. e.g. uqq-bardr, s.m. The servant who
P bar-urd, = P bar-ur, = P looks after and brings in the uqq:soe-
bar-urdr, see s.v. bar, 'breast'; bardr, s.m. Club-bearer, mace-bearer.
'fruit.'
P bar-dr, s.f. The act of bearing,
carrying, &c.; means of carriage or conveyance
(used in comp. e.g. br-bardr; uqq-bardr).

311
 H briddhi, birdhi [S. , rt.
P bar-dsht (v.n. of bar-dshtan), s.f.
Endurance, patience, forbearance; stores, ], s.f. Increase, growth; vegetation.
supplies; taking goods on credit, credit
transaction (syn. upat:bardsht-khna, s.m. S bardhn (see bardha), v.t. To
Temporary store-house:bar-dsht karn (-k), have a cow bulled.
To endure, suffer, tolerate, bear patiently (syn.
sahn); to look well (after), tend (an animal)
well:bar-dsht hon, v.n. To be endured, &c.; H biruddhat [S. ], s.f.
to be tolerable. Opposition, contrariety, incongruity; aversion,
enmity, hostility.
P bar-dshta, part. Raised up, elevated;
taken up or away, removed. H bardhamn, bardhm n [S.
], adj. Increasing, growing; thriving,
H bar-dn, s.m. See s.v. bar 'boon.'
prosperous;s.m. A district and city (now
called Bardwn).
P burd-br, = P burd-br, See s.v.
burd.
H baradhn (see baradh), v.t. To
P burd-br, = P burd-br, See s.v. cover or bull (a cow);v.n. To be bulled (a
burd. cow).

H bardamn, baradmn, H bard [S. ], s.f. Drove of laden

adj.=bardhmn, q.v. cattle.

P burd-mand, adj. See s.v. burd. A bard, s.f. Papyrus.

P bar-dota (from bardotan), part. H birudait, birdait,

Sewed; fixed or nailed upon or to (see dota). bardait [S. +], s.m. Panegyrist, bard;
P barda, s.m. Prisoner of war, captive, archer, bowman.
slave:barda-farosh, s.m. Slave-merchant,
slave-dealer;barda-farosh, s.f. Selling (one) H bar-daih, s.f. See s.v. bar,
as a slave; sale of slaves, slave-trade. 'boon.'

H bardha, baradh, s.m. Bullock, H bar, s.m. = H bar,

&c. (=barad, q.v.). s.f. A light, sandy, or gravelly soil.

H biruddha, birudh [S. H bar, s.f. = H bar,

], part. adj. & postp. (as a part. it governs s.m. A light, sandy, or gravelly soil.
the abl.; as a postp. the gen. ke); opposite,
opposed (to), the opposite (of), contrary (to), H barr, s.m.= barr, q.v.
against, discordant, at variance; contrariwise
(syn. bar-ilf). P barz [rt. Zend varez; S. ], s.m. A sown
field; agriculture.
P burda [perf. part. of burdan; rt. Zend bar =
A barza, s.f.m. (?), A thing that
S. ] , part. Borne; bearing, possessing (used intervenes between two things; a thing that
in comp. e.g. nm-burda, adj. Named, having makes a separation between two things or
the name, &c.). classes of things; interval, bar, partition;
connecting link; the interval between death and
H briddh, birdh [S. ], adj. & the resurrection;a picture of the imagination;
s.m. (f. ), Old, aged, infirm;aged person, old a whimsical idea, fashion, or mode; a strange or
man (=buh):briddh-vasth, birdh- quaint appearance (syn. esh).
avasth, s.f. Old age (=buhp):birdh sarr,
s.m. Old frame, infirm or weak body.

312
P barzan, s.m. Mansion, dwelling; street
(especially a long one); quarter of a town;
desert, plain.
H bars` [bars, rt. of barsn+
= S. uka], adj. Raining; pertaining to rain,
pluvious, rainy; ready to rain, threatening rain.

H baras [S. ], s.m. Year;

H bars`on, v.t.=barsn, q.v.
raining, rain:baras-badhw, s.m. A Hind
marriage ceremony (the taking away from the
bride at the close of the first year after marriage H brispati, brispat, biraspati,
the god or bundle of cocoanut, rice, &c. given s.m.=brihaspati, q.v.
to her at the time of marriage):baras-bhar,
baras-din, baras-roz, s.m. The whole year; H barast, s.m. Rain (=barasn).
adv. All the year round:baras-bywa, s.f. A
cow or buffalo that calves every year:baras- H brisik, s.m.=birhak; bih, q.q.v.
din, baras-roz, s.m.=baras-bhar, q.v.:baras-
din- (or roz-) -k, adj. A year's;baras-din-k P bar-sar, adv. On or at the head or end
din, s.m. An annual festival or holiday:baras-
(of), at the point:bar sar-e-kr hon, v.n. To
gh (S. varsha+granthi), s.f. The ceremony of be on the point of business; to be ready when
tying a knot on the anniversary of one's occasion demands; to be au fait at; to hold a
birthday; (hence) anniversary of a birthday. situation, be employed; to be in possession of a
desired object.
H baras [S. ], s.m. (f.?), An
intoxicating drug made of opium. H baras-gh, s.f. See s.v.
baras, 'year.'
H bris, s.m.=brish, q.v.
H barsan, = H
H bars = barsh, barst, q.v. barasn or barisn, (see next), s.m.
Raining; rain:barsan-hr, adj. Raining; rainy;
H bars [S. +], s.m. A year: about to rain, threatening rain (=bars`, q.v.).
bars-baras, adv. All the year round (=baras-
bhar). H barasn or barisn, = H
barsan, (see next), s.m. Raining;
H barst [S. +], s.f. Rainy
rain:barsan-hr, adj. Raining; rainy; about to
season, the rains (the third season, of the six, rain, threatening rain (=bars`, q.v.).
from the fifteenth of srh to the fifteenth of
Bhdo); rain (in general).
H barasn [S. , rt. ],
v.n. To rain, be wet; to fall like rain, fall in
H barst, adj. Relating to rain,
showers, be poured or showered down; to be
rainy; belonging to the rainy season;s.f. What showered, shed, scattered; to shed or cast forth
is sown or produced in the rains; clothing or beams (of light), to sparkle, glow; to burst,
covering for the rainy season, or against rain; discharge (as a boil); to be winnowed, be sifted
water-proof; apron of a carriage; portico; (as grain):baras-pan (-par), A torrent (of
name of a disorder in horses, the farcy (which invective, &c.) to be poured out (on).
usually breaks out in the rainy season).
H birasn, v.n. To stay, remain,
H barsliy, s.m. barsodiy;
stop, tarry, delay (syn. rahn; haharn;
barsoliy, q.q.v.
bilambn).
P bar-sm, s.m. See s.v. bar, 'breast.'
H birasn, v.n.=bilasn, q.v.
H barsn (caus. of barasn,
q.v.), v.t. To cause to rain; to shower down, H barasw [S. + ], adj.
pour down; to scatter, sprinkle; to winnow. (f. -w), Yearly, annual, anniversary:
baraswe-din, adv. Yearly, once a year.

313
H barsodiy (see barsau),
s.m. A servant engaged by the year (=barsoliy, H brasha, adj.=bhrasha.
barsliy).
H barsh-kl, s.m. See s.v.
H barsau, barso [S. barsh.
+ +], adj. & s.f. Annual; per annum;
annual tax or rent; annual rate of interest, &c.; H barshwn, adj.=barasw,
annuity. q.v.

H barsoliy (for barsoiya), H barshau, adj. &

s.m.=barsodiy, q.v. s.f.=barsau, q.v.

H bars [S. ], s.f. A A bara, s.m. Leprosy (particularly the

ceremony in commemoration of a deceased malignant white species thereof termed 'leuce':
relation performed at the close of the first year syn. apras).
after decease.
P A bar-tabaq, adv. On the ground, by
reason (of); according to.
H burs, s.f. Earthen pot or bowl for
fire; crucible (of a goldsmith, &c.; syn. gurs). P A bar-taraf, adv. Aside, apart, away;
on one side, out of the question:bar-taraf
H barsh, barash [S. ], s.m. karn, v.t. To put or set aside, put away, get rid
Rain, &c.=baras, q.v.:barshan (S. of; to remove, dismiss (from office); to eject,
varsha+aana), s.m. Subsistence for a year; turn out:bar-taraf hon, v.n. To be shelved,
annual salary:barsh- (or barash-) kl, s.m. put aside or away, removed, dismissed, &c.
The rainy season (=barst):barsh- (or barash-
) kl, adj. Pertaining to the rains, of the rainy P A bar-tarfi, s.f. Dismissal, discharge.
season; rainy.
P A bar-`aks, adv. & postp. On the
P burrish (abst. s. from burrdan; see contrary, contrariwise; the contrary (of, -ke); in
burrn), s.f. Cutting; sharpness. opposition (to), in spite (of); conversely.

H brish [S. ], s.m. Bull; the sign P A ba-ragbat, adv. With intense desire;
Taurus. with avidity, eagerly.

H bargalnn, v.t.=wargalnn, q.v.

H barsh [S. ], s.f. Rain; the rainy
season (=barst):barsh-bindu, s.m. Rain-
drop:barsh-ritu, barsh-ritu kl, s.m. The
rainy season.
H barsht, s.f.=barst, q.v.
H barshan, s.m. See
s.v.=barsh.
H barshn, v.t.=barsn, q.v. pah, s.m. Snowy mountains.
P barf, vulg. baraf [Pehl. vafr; Zend vafra,
rt. vap, 'to throw'], s.m. (f. ?), Ice, snow:barf-
parward, adj. & s.m. Cooled in ice, iced;a
sherbet, &c. cooled in ice:barf pan, v.n. To
freeze; snow to fall, to snow: barf-s, adj. (f. -),
Like ice, cold as ice:barf galn, v.n. To be
intensely cold:barf-me lagn (-ko), To put
in ice, cool in ice, to ice.
P H barfn, adj. Icy; snowy:barfn

H barsh`, adj.=bars`, q.v. P barf, adj. & s.f. Icy; snowy; iced,
cooled;a kind of sweetmeat made of sugar
and milk (having the appearance of ice).
H brishabh [S. ], s.m. Bull,
ox, bullock (=brish). A barq, s.f. Lightning (syn. bijl); electricity
(see barq):barq-andz, s.m. lit, 'Lightning-
P birishta (=S. , rt. ), part. Parched, thrower'; matchlock-man, musketeer; guard;
peon of a police station or thn, constable;
roasted, fried, broiled. messenger of court; bailiff;barq-andz, s.f.

314
Post or office of barqandz:barq-zada, adj.
Struck with lightning.
P H bar-qarr, adj. Fixed, established,
firm; continuing as heretofore; standing,
existing, extant (syn. ba-l):bar-qarr
rakhn, v.t. To establish, confirm, ratify; to
uphold, maintain:bar-qarr rahn, v.n. To
continue, remain, abide, last, stand, persevere,
go on as before; to exist, subsist, be extant.
A burqa`, s.m. A thing with which a
woman veils her face, having in it two holes for
the eyes (it is a long strip of cotton or other H
cloth, concealing the whole of the face of the
woman wearing it, except the eyes, and
reaching nearly to the feet):burqa`-posh, q.v.
burqe-wl, s.f. A woman who wears a burq`.
A P barq-andz, s.m. See s.v. barq.
A P barq, adj. Pertaining or relating to
lightning; electric (e.g. tr-e-barq, s.f. Electric
wire, telegraph wire).
H baruk (corr. of P. bal-ki), conj.
Moreover; but (also written baluk: cf. baran).
H brik [S. ], s.m. Wolf (=bik). q.v.
A barakt (pl. of barakat), s.f. Blessings;
prosperity; auspiciousness:b-barakt, adj.
See s.v. b.
H burkn, v.n.=burakn, q.v.
P barakat, vulg. barkat (for A. ), s.f.
Increase, abundance, prosperity, blessing; good
fortune, auspiciousness; inherent prosperity
which produces success or abundance (the word
is also commonly used in weighing grain, &c.
in place of the number 'one'):barkat den(-
ko), To grant a blessing, to give increase or
abundance; to bless:barkat hon, v.n. To be
prosperous, to be complete or full; (and
conversely) to have nothing to give save a
blessing (e.g. when a beggar solicits alms, and
is answered by barkat hai, 'there is nothing for
you'; 'you have a blessing').
H birakt, birkat [S. ,
rt. ], part. & s.m. Disinclined; inattentive;
wearied, disgusted, alienated;a kind of
ascetic who has relinquished the world.
H briksh [S. ], s.m. Tree (=birh; consouants of the alphabet articulated by the
brikh).
H barkal, s.m. An inferior clan
of Rjpts.
H burkal, burkul, birkul, s.m.
A small cake of cow-dung with a hole in the
middle, placed on the mouth of a vessel, &c.
H burakn (per met. for bukarn =
bukan, not in use: cf. bakon), v.t. To
sprinkle, strew (=bhurbhurn, q.v.).
barkau, s.m. Spear grass.
H barkh, barakh, s.m.=barsh,
H brikh, s.m.=brish, q.v.
A birka, s.m. Pond; small well; basin of a
fountain.
H barkh, s.f.=barsh, q.v.
H barkhsan, s.m.=barshan,
H barkhn, v.t.=barshn;
barsn, q.q.v.
H brikhab, brakhabh,
s.m.=brishabh, q.v.
H barakhn, v.n.=barasn, q.v.
H burk (per met. for bukr = buk,
dim. of buk, q.v.), s.f. A pinch (as of salt,
&c.); a pinch of dust used as a charm; (hence)
charm, enchantment:burk ln (-par), burk
mrn, v.t. To charm, enchant, bewitch.
P barg (=S. ), s.m. Leaf (syn. patt);
warlike apparatus; provisions or necessaries for
a journey or march;a musical instrument;
melody:barg-e-gul, s.m. Leaf of a rose; (met.)
lip of a mistress.
H barg [S. ], s.m. Class or
multitude of similar things, division, group,
class, kind, species, order; section, chapter,
division (of a book); class or series of
same organ (as the cerebrals, dentals, palatals,
&c.); (in Alg. and Arith.) square of a number;
315
adj. Square;bargtmak (S. varga+tmaka), H biral, vulg. birul [S. ], adj. &
adj. Square (as opp. to 'cubic'):barg-karman,
adv. Not close or compact, open in texture; thin,
s.m. An operation relating to square numbers:
delicate, fine; loose, wide apart; apart, remote;
barg-kshetra, s.m. Square figure, square:barg-
rare, unfrequent, uncommon, scarce, wonderful;
ml, s.m. Square root.
little, few;rarely, seldom, unfrequently.

H , barg [S. +], adj. &

H birl [S. +], adj. & s.m.
s.m. (f. -), Of the same class or kind; like,
Few, little; scarce, uncommon, &c. (=biral,
equal (used by Hind women):a piece of
q.v.);an odd, eccentric, or perverse person.
squared timber, raiter, beam, joist.
H burl [S. or +], s.m.
H bargat, = H bargad,
A small kind of wasp.
[S. + or ], s.m. The Banyan or Indian
fig-tree (=ba). H bar-ln (P. bar+H. ln), v.t. To bring
to pass, bring about, accomplish, effect,
H bargad, = H bargat, produce, get out, extract; to gain; to exhibit.
[S. + or ], s.m. The Banyan or Indian
H barma, barm [S. ], s.m.
fig-tree (=ba). Armour, mail.
P bar-guzda, part. Chosen, selected;
elect. H barm, birm, s.m. The
plant Trichosanthes incisa (which is used
P bar-gashtag (abst. subst. from next), medicinally, and is supposed to have the power
s.f. Turning away from, turning back, turning of improving the memory).
over; inversion; retrocession; revolt, rebellion,
disloyalty, apostasy, abjuration. H barm [S. ], s.m. A kind of
gimlet or borer worked with a string; auger,
P bar-gashta (from bar-gashtan, 'to turn drill (also written barmh, barmh: for this and
back,' &c.), part. Turned back or away; turned,
changed; turned over, inverted; revolted, other examples of the breaking up of into
rebelled, apostatized; crossed, unfortunate; or and see bahin and bainh).
unruly, disloyal, refractory, rebellious:bar-
gashta hon, To turn over, be inverted; to turn
H barmn, v.t. To bore with a
away or aside, revolt, &c.
barm, to bore, drill, pierce; to thrust in, drive
home.
H , bargan [S. +], s.m.
Division, partition, share, portion; proportion;
H birmn (caus. of biramn),
contribution.
v.t. To cause to stop or desist, to stop; to reduce
to obedience or subjection, to subdue, tame;
H bar-ghosh, s.m. See s.v. bar,
to play with, allure, tantalize, tease.
'boon.'
H birm`, adj. Taming; tamed;
H barg [S. ], s.m. An epithet
allured, tantalized.
applied to the Marhaas;an uninvited guest
(syn. tufail). H barmh, s.m.=barm, q.v.

H birge (corr. from the English),

H birm-bh, s.m. A
s.f. Brigade.
subdivision of the bh or bard tribe.
H bargel [S. +], s.m. The
P A bar-maal, adj. & adv. In place;
Ortolan, Alauda. fitting, fit, suitable; opportune, apropos;
reasonable; in time; in the nick of time,
H baral, s.m.=bahal, q.v. opportunely, seasonably (syn. bar-mauqa`; bar-
waqt).

316
P bar-mal, adj. & adv. Open, public, priest for the performance of a sacrifice or any
conspicuous; openly, in open day, publicly, in religious ceremony.
the sight of all.
H baran, s.f. Alluvial deposit or soil;
H biramn [S ++], fresh earth carried by water into hollows.
v.n. To stop, pause; to remain; to delay (cf.
bilambn). H , barun [S. ], s.m. The
god of water;the tree Cratva Roxburghii
P A bar-mauqa` = bar-maat, q.v. (also written baran, barn).

H bar-mh (bur+muh+), adj. H barn [S. +]. s.m. The tree

& s.m.f. Having a bad or ugly face, ill-looking, Cratva Roxburghii.
ugly; foul, nasty, forbidding;a forbidding
countenance; wry face; ill-looking or ugly
person;a cat. H barn [S. ], s.f. Name of a
small river running past the north of Benares
H barma, birma, s.m.=birm, q.v. into the Ganges.

H barmh, s.m.=barm, q.v. H barn [S. ], v.t. To marry,

wed.
H barmh [S. +], s.m. The
country called Burmah; the province of Ava; H barn, v.n. To burn, &c.=baln,
the Burmese. q.v.

H bramhotar, barmhotar, s.m. P barn [Zend aperenyka; S.

See s.v. brahma. ++ +], adj. & s.m. Young;young
man, youth.
H , baran [S. ], conj.
Moreover, but, even, but even, and even; H barnr [S. +], adj.
whereas; nay, rather, on the contrary. Tinted, coloured:barnr-ma, s.f. Coloured
soil of two kinds (the one tinged with yellow,
H barn, baran [S. ], s.m. and the other with yellow and white).
Colour, hue, tint; sort, kind; class, tribe, order,
P barn`, s.f. Youth, season of youth.
caste, sect (the Hinds are divided into four
principal barns, viz. 1 Brhman; 2 Kshatriya;
P birinj, biranj [Zend berejya; S. vrhi],
3 Vaiya; 4 udra); fame, celebrity; praise;
s.m. Rice (freed from the husk): birinj-r, s.m.
description; beauty; quality, property; (in
One who follows a camp with grain; grain-
Gram.) letter of the alphabet; syllable; (in
merchant, grain-carrier, suttler (=banjr):
Math.), coefficient:barn-dharam, s.m. The
birinj-phal, birinj-phl, s.m. A species of rice.
particular duties that are religiously incumbent
on the several casts of Hinds:barn-sakar, A birinj, biranj (the P. piring arabicized),
s.m. Mixture or confusions of castes or tribes s.m. Brass (syn. ptal).
by intermarriage; a person or tribe of mixed
origin, or from parents of different castes; a P birinj-r, brinjr, s.m. See s.v. birinj,
man who does not scruple to eat with one of a 'rice.'
different caste:barn-ml, s.f. Alphabet; the
a, b, c book:barn-hn, adj. & s.m. Out of P birinj, biranj, adj. & s.m. Made of
caste, casteless;one who is put out of caste; brass, brazen;a small nail, tack (syn. kok).
outcast.
H biran [S. ], s.m. Name of
H , baran [S. ], s.m.
Brahm (also written birin, birini).
Choosing, selecting; choice; promise of
marriage; surrounding, screening, covering,
protecting, nourishing; enclosure, rampart, H brind [S. ], s.m. Heap,
mound, causeway:baran karn, v.t. To hire a multitude, quantity, aggregation.

317
H brind [S. ], s.f. Sacred basil,
Ocymum sanctum (syn. tuls):brind-ban,
vulg. bindr-ban, s.m. A wood near the town
Gokul in the district of Mathura, on the left
bank of the Jamn (celebrated as the place
where Krisha in the character of Gopla, or
cowherd, passed his youth, associating with the
cowherds and milkmaids employed in tending
the cattle grazing in the the forest); a forest of
tuls trees.
P baranda, vulg. barinda (act. part. of
burdan; and=bar, q.v.+Zend at = S. ant), adj.
& s.m. Bearing, carrying; bearer, carrier:
baranda-e-ufya, s.m. Secret emissary or
agent; smuggler (syn. auk-mr).
H baran [S. +], s.m.
Verandah, portico, porch, piazza (syn. bar-
mda).
H barn-sakar, adj. & s.m.
See s.v. barn 'caste.'
H birn, s.f. A small seed or grain.
H bar, baro [S. ], s.m. A
high jungle grass or reed, the writing reed, a
species of Saccharum (but by some classed
under Arundo karka, and by others under
Calamus scriptorius).
H barav, = H barw, s.f. A
certain bird that feeds on fish.
H barw, = H barav, s.f. A
certain bird that feeds on fish.
H bar`, barw [S. ],
s.f. Sandy soil of inferior quality, a mixture of
sand and clay.
H barw, s.f. Name of a rgin or
mode in music by which deer and serpents are
said to be tamed; a kind of Hind verse.

P barang, s.m. Allowance of provisions; H birw, s.m. The labourer

bell; key; bar, bolt.
employed at the basket used in raising water for
P ba-rang, adv. In kind; after the manner irrigation (cf. bhr; br).
or fashion (of), like.
H birw (for pirw, dim. of pe: w
H barag (cf. barg), s.m. Plank = S. uka), s.m. A small or young tree; tree;
used for covering in the roof of a house; rafter. plant.

H barn-ml, s.f. See s.v. H birw (i.e. biw, q.v.), s.m.

barn. Child, boy.

H , barnan [S. , rt. ], H barwr, s.m. Name of a class of

s.m. Delineation, description, representation, people whose occupation it is to cleanse and
explanation; relation, recital, narration, sell rice.
mention; statement, assertion, account; writing;
praise, commendation, panegyric:barnan H birwh (cf. birw, & bh),
karn (-k, or -ko), To describe, explain, s.f. Enclosure, hedge (of thorns, &c.)
represent, mention, &c.; to praise, extol, &c. surrounding a field or garden, fence; garden,
orchard, plantation:birwh karn, v.n. To
H barnan, barann, v.t. To enclose with a hedge or fence; to make an
describe, &c.=barnan karn, q.v.s.v. barnan. orchard or plantation.

H barun, barn [S. , or H barw`ek, s.m. Name of a

class of hereditary watchmen near the Siwlik
, rt. ], s.f. Eyelash.
hills.

H barn (from bahn), s.f. Advance H barobar, corr. of barbar, q.v.

made for cultivation or manufacture.
H birp [S. ], adj. & s.m.
H birn [S. , or ; cf.
Misshapen, deformed, disfigured, ugly,
bhi], s.f. Wasp. monstrous, hideous, unnatural;difference of

318
nature; deformity, ugliness, monstrosity; H bi-rog [S. ], s.m.
opposition, dislike:bi-rp hon, v.n. To be
Separation, disunion, loss, absence (especially
disfigured, &c.; to be disgraced.
of lovers;syn. birak; jud`; hijr).
P bart, burt, s.f. Whiskers, moustaches.
H birogan [S. ], adj. &
H barwat, s.f. A kind of snake s.f. Separated, grieved or distressed through
separation (from her husband or lover); a wife
(=barbat).
who mourns the absence of her husband.
H birog [S. ], adj. & s.m.
H barth [S. ], s.m. A wooden
Separated, disjoined, apart, absent;a man who
ledge or fender round a carriage to prevent
is parted or separated from his beloved; a lover
collision; armour, coat of mail; house, dwelling;
suffering the pain of absence.
host, swarm, multitude, heap.
P bar-mand (from bar,
'fruit': mand = mand = S. mant), adj. Fruitful,
H baroth, s.m. (?), Name of a fertile; successful, prosperous, fortunate, happy.
tribe of cowherds (ahrs) in the Mainpuri P birn (contrac. of brn), adv. Without,
district. outside; externally;s.m. The outside.
H barauth, baroth [S.
H barwa, s.m. Tumour in the
++], s.m. Part of the wall above the
belly.
door or entrance; keystone (of an arch, &c.).
H baraudh, s.m. Cotton land
H baroh, barauh [S.
(cf. badar).
+], s.m. Vestibule, veranda, porch (syn.
H bariwan, =
e`oh).
H bariwan, adj. Corr. of bal-
H baroh, s.m.=bareh, q.v. want, q.v.
H bariwan, =
A burj (pl. of burj), s.m. Bastions, towers; H bariwan, adj. Corr. of bal-
signs of the zodiac. want, q.v.
H barokh, s.m.=bakh, q.v.
P burdat (for A. ;cf. bard), s.f.
Coldness, coolness, chilliness. H barroh, s.m. (?), A name given to
the uplands on the right bank of the Jamna.
H barodh, s.m. Branch of the H barwa, s.m.=barw, 'the bird,' q.v.
Baniyan or Indian fig-tree (bar). H barwe, s.f. A kind of metre or verse
in Hind (cf. barw).
H bi-rodh [S. , rt. ], s.m. P bara, barra, s.m. Lamb; kid; fawn; the
Contrariety, difference, variance, opposition, sign Aries.
obstruction, hostility, enmity; quarrel, P ba-rah (for ba-rh), adv. In or on the
contention, dispute:birodh karn, To oppose, way;s.m. Provisions for a journey.
obstruct; to contend, &c. H barh [S. ], s.m. Tail-feather,
plumage of the tail (especially a peacock's tail).
H birodh [S. ], adj. & H birah [S. , rt. ], s.m.
s.m. Contentious, quarrelsome, antagonistic, Separation (from, -k or -se), parting, absence
obstructive;opponent, antagonist, enemy; a (particularly of lovers); love-song describing
quarrelsome person. the pain of separation:birah-sat`, birah-k
mr, adj. & s.m.f. Stricken with the pain of
H baros, s.f.=burs, q.v. separation; one who is so stricken (=birhan,
and birogan, birog).
P A bar-waqt, adv. In time; at the time H birra, s.m.= birr, q.v.
(of); seasonably, opportunely, &c. (=bar-maal, H , barh [S. ], s.m. Rope,
q.v.).
string; thong.
H barh [S. +], s.m.
Watercourse; aqueduct; channel for the passage

319
of water from a well to a field, or from one field destruction to those against whom it is
to another. discharged (syn. brahm-bn):
H barh, s.m. Land of a township brahmsan(brahma+sana), s.m. A particular
posture suited to devout religious meditation:
which is furthest from the homestead; field
where cows feed; field. brahmn (brahma+aa), s.m. 'The egg of
Brahma,' the mundane egg, the universe, globe,
H birh, s.m. Separation, &c.=birah, world; the top of the head, skull:
q.v.; a kind of song peculiar to washermen. brahmvartta (brahma+vartta), s.m. 'The holy
H burh, adj.=bur; and buh, q.q.v. land,' epithet of the country situated between
the riversSarasvat and Drishadvati, to the
H birah-
north-west of Hastinpura or Dehli:brahm-
g, birhg (S. virah+agni), s.f. lit. 'The fire of bn, brahm-wn, s.m.=brahmstra, q.v.:
separation'; the intense grief or sorrow which brahm-bhoj, s.m. Feeding of Brahmans:
possesses a lover who is separated from his brahm-putra, s.m. A kind of vegetable
beloved. poison;name of a river rising in the eastern
A burhn, s.m. Demonstration, proof. extremity of the Himalaya in Thibet, and falling
H birhn, s.m. Land in which with the Ganges into the Bay of Bengal;a
culinary herbs are grown. place of pilgrimage (probably the source of the
H barh`, s.f.=barh, q.v. river):brahmputr, s.f. Epithet of the
river Sarasvat:brahma-tattva, s.m. The true
H barh`, s.m.=baha`, q.v. knowledge of Brahma or the Supreme Spirit:
S brihat, s.f. Name of a particular brahma-janma, s.m. Divine or spiritual birth,
the second birth (effected by sacred study or
metre of thirty-six syllables (divided into four knowledge), investiture with the sacred
verses of nine syllables each, or of eight thread:brahma-rin, s.f. (see next), A
syllables in the first, second, and fourth, and woman who leads a chaste and virtuous life;
twelve in the third). brahm-r, s.m. A Brahman who practises
S brihaspati, continence or chastity, especially a religious
vulg. brahaspat, s.m. The regent of the student from the time of his investiture with the
sacrificial thread till he marries and becomes a
planet Jupiter and preceptor of the gods; (in
householder; a religious student who remains
Astron.) the planet Jupiter (syn.mushtar);
with his spiritual teacher studying the Vedas
Thursday:bihaspati-wr, vulg. brispat-br,
and observing the duties of a student; a
s.m. Thursday.
particular class of ascetics; a Pandit learned in
P bar-ham, adj. Confused, jumbled
the Veda:brahma-arya, vulg. brahm-arj,
together, turned upside down or topsy-turvy,
s.m. Sacred study, religious studentship, the
entangled, spoiled; offended, angry, vexed,
condition of a young Brhman or student in the
enraged, sullen:barham-darham, adj.
first period of his life; religious self-restraint,
Confused, entangled, topsy-turvy:barham-
pious austerity, continence, chastity:brahma-
zadan, s.m. Confusing, mixing together;
da, adj. & s.m. Imparting religious
striking together:barham-zada, adj.
knowledge;spiritual teacher:brahma-
Confused, convulsed, turned topsy-turvy:
darbh, s.f. Lijusticum Ajowan:brahm-dan,
barham-zan, s.m. Exciter of quarrels,
s.m. Curse of a Brhman, anathema:brahma-
embroiler:barham-zan, s.f. Confusing;
dru, s.m. The Mulberry tree, Morus Indicus:
embroiling; interference, prevention, putting a
brahma-daitya, brahm-dait, brahm-rkshas,
stop to:barham karn or kar-den, v.t. To
s.m. A Brhman changed into a Daitya, ghost
throw into confusion or disorder; to embroil,
of a deceased Brhman; apparition, ghost:
complicate; to mar, ruin, destroy.
brahma-rtri, s.f. 'Night of Brahma,' a period of
S brahma, brahm, s.m. The Supreme time comprehending a thousand ages of the
Being, the all pervading Spirit and Soul of the gods, or 216,000,000 ages of mortals:
universe, the divine essence and source of all brahm-randhra, s.m. The aperture at the
being from which all created things emanate crown of the head through which the soul is
and to which they return, the Self-existent, the said to escape on death:brahm-rp, brahma-
Absolute, the Eternal;spirit, soul;sacred swarp, brahm-sarp, adj. Of the nature of
text, scripture (the Veda);the class occupied spirit, of the same essence as the god-head:
with religious knowledge, the Brahmanical brahm-sesh, s.m. Leavings of Brhmans:
caste; a member of that caste, a Brhman: brahma-asan, s.m. An edict addressed to the
brahmstra, vulg. brahm-astra, s.m. 'Brahma's Brhmns; command of Brahm, command of a
missile,' name of a fabled weapon (supposed to Brhman:brahma-kun, s.m. Name of a
be the gift of Brahma) which deals infallible sacred pool:brahma-gya (brahma-ja), s.m.

320
One who has spiritual wisdom or who knows H brahmaya, s.m.=brhmaya,
Brahma as the one all-pervading Spirit, a
q.v.
sage:brahm-gyn(brahma+jna), s.m. P bar-ham, s.f. Confusion, convulsion,
Divine knowledge, true knowledge of the Deity trouble, anarchy; vexation, displeasure, anger,
or of the Veda; spiritual wisdom:brahm- wrath.
gyni, adj. & s.m. Possessing true knowledge of
the Deity;one who possesses spiritual H birahan, birhan [S. ;
knowledge:brahm-ght, s.f. Murder of a see birah], s.f. A woman suffering the pangs of
Brahman (=brahm-haty):brahma- separation from the object of her aftection; a
ghtak, brahma-ghna, adj. & s.m. Slaying a female lover whose beloved one is absent
Brhman;slayer or murderer of a Brhman: (=birogan).
brahma-ghosh, s.m. 'Prayer-sound,' murmur P barahnag (abst. subst. from next), s.f.
arising from the recital of prayers; the sacred Nakedness, bareness.
word, the text of the Veda; the reading or P barahna, adj. Naked, bare:barahna-
repeating of the Veda:brahma-lok, s.m. The p, adj. Bare-footed.
heaven or place of residence of Brahm, a H birahn, s.f.=birahan, q.v.
division of the universe and one of the supposed Sickness resulting from separation, love-
residences of pious spirits:brahm-mrat, adj. sickness.
& s.m. Having the figure, or in the form, of
S barh, s.m. Peacock.
Brahma; image of Brahma; appellative of a
Brhman:brahma-nirwn, s.m. Extinction in H birah, birh, =
Brahma, absorption into the Supreme Spirit:
H birhiy, [S. ], adj. & s.m.
brahma-vd, s.m. One who recites the Vedas,
defender or expounder of the Veda; one who Suffering the pangs of absence from a beloved
asserts that all things are Brahma, a follower of one, love-sick; amorous, sensual;one who is
the Vedanta system of philosophy:brahma- love-sick, &c.
vn, s.m.=brahm-bn, brahmstra, q.q.v.: H birhiy, =
brahm-haty, s.f. Killing a Brahman, H birah, birh, [S. ], adj. &
Brahmanicide; any crime equally heinous:
brahm-hatyr (the preceding+S. kra), s.m. (f. s.m. Suffering the pangs of absence from a
-), Slayer or murderer of a Brahman (=brahma- beloved one, love-sick; amorous, sensual;one
ghtak):brahm-hotra, s.m. A ceremony who is love-sick, &c.
consisting in oblations to Brahma;a free grant H barhel, s.m.= bahel, q.v.
given to Brhmans for religious purposes. H bar, adj.=bal; and s.f.=ba, q.q.v.
S brahm, s.m. Brahm or the
H bar, s.f. Quicklime (syn. n; kal).
Supreme Being regarded as a person, the first
deity of the Hind triad and the Creator of the H bar (from bar, 'boon,' &c.), s.f.
World;one whose calling and business Wedding garment, ornaments, presents, &c.
consist in praying, priest, Brhman:brahm- sent from the bridegroom's house to the bride's
autr, s.m. Incarnation of Brahm, appellative previous to the wedding day.
of a Brhman:brahm-daya, s.m. Grant or A bar (rt. ), adj. Free (from, -se), clear,
perquisite bestowed on a Brhman. quit (of); irresponsible (for), in a state of
S brahmn, s.m. See immunity (with respect to), exempt (from);
acquitted, absolved, discharged, released;
s.v. brahma for all compounds beginning
with brahma or brahm. innocent, guiltless:bariyu` - imma, adj.
Free from charge or obligation; justified;
S brahmatwa, s.m. (f. brahmat), irresponsible, unaccountable:bar karn, v.t.
State or condition of Brahma or the Supreme To free (from, -se), acquit, discharge from
Spirit, identification with Brahma, godhead; liability, relieve from responsibility; to release,
office of the Brhman or chief priest; state or exculpate, exonerate:bar hon, v.n. To be
condition of a Brhman. Brahmanhood. free (from), be acquitted, &c.
H , brahman, barahman, birah P bare (contrac. of bre), adv. At last, at
man, s.m.=brhma, q.v.:brahman-bhojan, length; once; however.
s.f. Distribution of food to Brhmans. H bare, conj. (local), For, for the sake
H brahman, adj. & (of), &c.=liye, q.v.
s.f.=brhma, q.v. H bara`, barai [S. +], s.m.
H brahmane, brahmanai, Seller of betel-leaf; cultivator of betel.
s.m.=brhmane, q.v.

321
A barr, adj. Of, or belonging to, or relating third quality; a plot of ground on which sugar-
to, the land (barr,as opp. to the sea or bar); cane has been lately grown.
of or belonging to the desert; wild. H barehan, s.f. Washerwoman,
H barrai [S. ], s.f. Seed of laundress washerman's wife (syn. dhoban).
safflower or Carthamus tinctorius. H barej, = H barej, =
H burr, s.f. Sowing by dropping seed H bareja, [S. , rt. +?], s.m. Ground
into the furrow from the hand (instead of enclosed for the cultivation of the Piper Betel,
sowing broadcast or by drill). betel-garden.
H bariy, bari` [S. +], H barej, = H barej, =
s.f. Betel plantation; garden.
H bareja, [S. , rt. +?], s.m. Ground
H biriy, bariy, s.f.=biriy, q.v.
enclosed for the cultivation of the Piper Betel,
H biriy, s.f. Ear-ornaments (of a betel-garden.
woman). H bareja, = H barej, =
H bary, s.m.=bara`, q.v. H barej, [S. , rt. +?], s.m.
H buraiy (from bur), s.m. Bad man, Ground enclosed for the cultivation of the Piper
bad character, villain; mischief-maker, Betel, betel-garden.
slanderer; enemy. H birj, s.m. Galbanum
H baryr, bariyr, = (P. bireza).
H baryr, bariyr, [S. + eu P burdan (from burdan, 'to cut'), adj.
Fit, or deserving, to be cut.
phon. +], adj. & s.m. Strong, vigorous; P burda, part. Cut, clipped, amputated;
violent; rich, fertile (as soil);the plant Sida s.m. Field (or fields) cut by stealth by a
rhomboides or rhombifolia, and S. cultivator.
cordifolia (syn. bal). H barera [S. ], s.m. Wasp
H baryr, bariyr, = (=barr, ba).
H baryr, bariyr, [S. + eupho H br [S. ], s.f. Shame, modesty,
n. +], adj. & s.m. Strong, vigorous; bashfulness.
violent; rich, fertile (as soil);the plant Sida P birez-birez (imper. of retan, 'to
rhomboides or rhombifolia, and S. scatter,' &c.), adj. Put to flight, routed,
cordifolia (syn. bal). overcome by an enemy or by misfortune, crying
for quarter or mercy;intj. Mercy! help! save
H baryl, s.m.=baryr, q.v.
us!
H bariy, bari`, H bars (poet. bars), s.m.
s.f.=bariy, q.v. Year=baras, q.v.
H biriy, biry (dim. of ber = H baresir, s.f. (?), Name of a
S. vel), s.f. Time, space of time:ek biriyn, tribe of inferior Rjpts.
Once, one time; at one time; once upon a time. P baresham, s.m. Silk, &c.=abresham,
P biryn, vulg. biriyn (act. part. q.v.
of birishtan, 'to fry,' &c.), adj. Fried, roasted,
H baresh, s.f. Negotiating a
parched, grilled, broiled; burning, consuming,
&c. marriage.
P biryn, s.f. Name of a dish made of P barn (bar, q.v.+n = S. in), adj. High,
meat and rice. sublime; on high.
H bariy` (from bar = ba), s.f. H bara`in, barain, =
Boastfulness, boasting, boast, exultation H bara`in, barain, (fem.
(syn. umang: the noun argues a verbal of bara`), s.f. The wife of a seller of betel leaf
form bariyn, which I have not however met or cultivator of betel; a woman who sells betel
with). leaf.
P baryat (for A. ), s.f. Exemption, H bara`in, barain, =
immunity, irresponsibility, freedom (from),
release, discharge, liberation, exoneration, &c. H bara`in, barain, (fem.
(see bar). of bara`), s.f. The wife of a seller of betel leaf
H bareh [S. +:], s.m. or cultivator of betel; a woman who sells betel
leaf.
Washerman (syn. dhob); fuller; land of the

322
H bareh, s.m.=bareh, q.v. house; great, rich, or noble house or family:
ba nm, s.m. Great name or reputation;
H ba [S. ], s.m. The banyan or Indian ba nm karn, v.n. To acquire a great name,
fig-tree, Ficus indica:ba-ba, ba-kaul, win a great reputation, become famous:
s.m. Fruit of the banyan tree. bao (obl. pl. of ba), the great; grown up
H ba [S. ], s.f. Wasp people, &c. (see bae);bao-me miln, v.n.
(barr, barer, bhir). To be grown up; to associate with elders or
H ba (contr. of ba) adj. Great, large, seniors, or with the great:bae, bare-
buhe, bae-log, s.m. pl. Grown-up people,
excessive, &c.; (much used in comp. e.g.), ba- elders, seniors, superiors; the great, the
bol, s.m. Noisy, talkative person; boaster,
eminent; forefathers, ancestors:ba asm,
braggart:ba-bhg, adj. & s.m. Very s.m. Great man, person of high position or
fortunate;one who is very fortunate:ba- rank;s.f. High appointment; high position:
bhaku`, s.m. Great dolt, blockhead:ba-pe, ba bt, s.f. Great matter, important thing or
adj. & s.m. Big-bellied, pot-bellied; greedy, affair; difficult affair;ba bt hu`, A great
gluttonous; avaricious;one who has a big thing has been accomplished;intj. thank
belly; a greedy person, glutton:ba-pe, s.m. Heaven!:ba bahu, s.f. Elder son's wife;a
Great glutton:ba-dant, adj. Having large wife who is older than her husband:ba b,
teeth; (in Bot.) sinuate:ba-kann, adj. & s.m. s.f. A form of address to an elderly or
Having long ears;long-eared man:ba- respectable woman:ba go, s.f. Cow-pox,
kony, adj. (Math.) Obtuse-angled the rinderpest:bae miy, s.m. Old man;
(syn. munfariju`z-zwiya):ba-nakk, adj. & master of the house;intj. Aged sir! reverend
s.m. Having a large nose;a man with a big sir!
nose:ba-ho, adj. & s.m. Large-lipped,
H ba [S. ], s.m. Condiment made
thick-lipped;thick-lipped man.
of ground pulse (dl, mng, or msh), formed
H bu, s.f. Pudenda fmin (=bur,
into lumps and fried in gh, butter, or oil
q.v.):bu-od, s.m. (a term of abuse), (cf. ba).
Scoundrel, rascal, villain.
H bap, =
H ba [S. +; ], adj. (f. -),
H bapan, [S. ], s.m.
Large, great, big, vast, immense, huge; grand,
noble, high, exalted, eminent; grown up, old, Largeness, greatness, bulk, &c. (=ba`, q.v.);
senior, elder; superior, supreme, principal; grandeur, dignity, exaltation, elevation.
grave, serious; vital, essential, important:adv. H bapan, =
Very, excessively, exceedingly:ba abb, H bap, [S. ], s.m.
s.m. Uncle; father-in-law; (slang) an astute
fellow, consummate knave:ba dm, s.m. Largeness, greatness, bulk, &c. (=ba`, q.v.);
Great or rich man; man of eminence or rank, grandeur, dignity, exaltation, elevation.
grandee:ba afsar, s.m. Superior officer, H ba, bi, s.f. Drove of
head of a department:ba bne-wl, s.m. bullocks laden with grain, betel, cotton, &c.
(Math.) The greatest common measure H ban (caus. of ban), v.t. To
(syn. maqsm-ilaih `zam):ba bol, s.m.
drive or thrust in (=bn; ghusen).
Boasting, tall talk, self-applause:ba bh`o,
s.m. A kind of appraisement; money borrowed H baan, ban (see bab
at a very high interest:ba be, s.m. Elder a), v.n. To murmur, mutter; to talk (in sleep),
son:ba darja, s.m. High rank or station; cry out (in nightmare), rave (in delirium):
dignity, consequence, importance, ba -jn, v.n. To rave in misery or want; to
distinction: ba din, s.m. Great, or long, day; die of want, to starve.
Christmas day:ba rasta pakana, v.n. lit. H bun (caus. of bun, or bn),
'To take the long journey or road'; to die:bar v.t. To cause to sink, &c. (=ubn, q.v.).
samundar, s.m. The ocean:br shib, s.m.
H ba`o, s.m.=bah`o, q.v.
Great man; chief civil functionary; a resident (at
court):ba kr-na, s.m. Large workshop, H bah, =
or establishment; extensive business;ba H ba`, s.m. (prov.)=baha`, q.v.
karn or kar-den, v.t. To enlarge, increase,
angment, lengthen; to exalt, promote; to H ba`, =
extinguish (a light=bahn):ba kon, s.m. H bah, s.m. (prov.)=baha`, q.v.
Obtuse angle (syn. zwiya-e-munfarija):ba
ghar, s.m. Large house or building; grand

323
H ba` (from ba, 'large'), s.f. H bapan, =
Largeness, greatness, bigness, vastness, H bapan, baappan, s.m.=b
bulkiness, bulk, size, magnitude, volume,
aapan and ba`, q.q.v.
extent; adult state, old age, senility; seniority,
priority, precedence; rank, grandeur, dignity; H bupan, =
respect, reverence, honour; excellence, H bupan, s.m.=buhpan and bu
superiority, exaltation; praise, laudation,
hp, q.q.v.
magnifying; self-praise, boasting:ba`
jatn (-k), To extol, praise, boast (of), &c. H bupan, =
(=ba` karn); to boast of superiority (over, - H bupan, s.m.=buhpan and bu
par):ba` den (-ko), To show respect (to), hp, q.q.v.
pay honour (to), to honour:ba` karn (- H bit, s.m. = H bit,
k), ba` mrn (-k), To magnify, praise,
laud, extol; to magnify or praise oneself, to s.f. =birt, q.v.
boast, vaunt. H bit, s.f. = H bit,
H babnal, s.m.=bawnal, s.m. =birt, q.v.
q.v.s.v. baw. H bat, s.f.=baht, q.v.
H baba [S. ], s.f. Muttering, H bu-od, ba-od, s.m. See
murmuring, grumbling, chattering; talking (in s.v. bu.
sleep), raving (in delirium):baba karn, H buu [S. ], s.m. Cane-weavers;
v.n. To mutter, &c.=baban, and ban. basket-maker; mat-maker (=P. boriy-bf).
H bubu, s.m. Bubble (=bulbul, H buak, buuk [S. +],
q.v.).
cf. bun; bn], s.f. Sound of anything falling
H baba, s.f.=babaha, or sinking in water:buak-buak, s.f. Sound
q.v. of water being poured out of a narrow-mouthed
H baban, bubuan vessel; gurgling sound.
(from baba), v.n. To mutter, murmur, H bak, adj. (f. -), Large, great,
grumble; to chatter, prate, jabber, talk nonsense; senior, &c.=ba, q.v.;s.m. The big, or
to talk in sleep, &c.=ban, q.v. bigger, one; the elder; elder brother, elder son.
H babahat, bubuhat, = H buk, buakk (per
H baba`, bubu`, s.f. met. from buk, q.v.), s.m. Clutch, gripe; snap,
Muttering, grumbling; chatter, gibberish; light- bite (=buk):buk mrn, v.n. To snap, bite.
headed talk; talking incoherently in sleep, H ba-ky [S. ,
raving (in delirium):babaha karn, v.n. rt. +], s.m. A large well without a
To mutter, to talk gibberish, to blabber, to rave.
cylinder of masonry.
H baba`, bubu`, =
H bik, s.f.=ba or bir, q.v.
H babahat, bubuhat, s.f.
H buk (see buak), s.f. Dive, dip,
Muttering, grumbling; chatter, gibberish; light-
headed talk; talking incoherently in sleep, plunge (=ubk, q.v.):buk mrn, v.n. To
dive, &c.
raving (in delirium):babaha karn, v.n.
To mutter, to talk gibberish, to blabber, to rave. H buk, s.f.=buk, q.v.:buk
H babaiy [S. +], s.m. mrn = buk mrn.
Mutterer, grumbler, chatterer, raver. H bagat, s.m.=ba and bargat,
H ba-bhg;See s.v. for q.q.v.
this and all compounds beginning with the H bagjar [S. + ], s.m.
contrac. adj. ba, 'great.' Name of one of the thirty-six royal castes
H bu-bhas, s.f.=buh-bhas, q.v. of Rjpts.
H buam, buum (from bn), s.f.
H bu-bhasiy, s.m.=buh-
Sound of a sinking body; a ball of lead for
bhasiy, q.v.
measuring the depth of water, sounding lead.
H bapan, baappan, =
H ban, v.n.=bahn, q.v.
H bapan, s.m.=baapan and ba`
, q.q.v.

324
H ban, v.n. To enter, penetrate, go forward, move away, remove (as a table-cloth),
close (a shop, &c.), stop (a child's milk,
through (=bahn, baihn, paihn).
e.g. ddh bahn, 'to wean'); to postpone,
H bun, v.n.=bn, q.v. delay; to extinguish (a lamp):bah-ln, v.t.
H baang, s.m.=barang; barg, To bring forward, lead on (an army, &c.).
q.q.v. H bahr, s.m. A Hind ceremony,
H baw [S. +], adj. & s.m. feast after marriage.
(prov.)=ba; bak, q.q.v. H bah`o, s.m. Increase,
H baw [S. ], s.f. Mare; the augmentation, enlargement, extension,
nymph Avin (who, in the form of a mare as prolongation; advancement, promotion,
the wife of Vivaswat or the Sun, became the exaltation, aggrandizement; rise, swell,
mother of the two Avins); the personification inundation; excess, exaggeration; surplus,
of the constellation represented by a horse's superfluity:bah`o-gun, s.m. (in Physics),
head:bawgni (vaav+agni), s.m. Ductility.
Submarine fire, or the fire of the lower regions, H bahw, s.m. Inducement to
fabled to be at the South-pole and not move on or forward, encouragement,
extinguishable by the sea-water: incitement, incentive, stimulus, spur,
bawnal (vaaw+anala), s.m.=bawgni; excitement; flattery:bahw den (-ko), To
(in Myth.), a being consisting of flame, but with encourage, incite, stimulate, spur, excite; to
the head of a mare, who sprang from the thighs flatter.
of Urw, and was received by the Ocean: H bahwan, s.m.=bah`o,
baw-mukh, s.m. 'Mare's mouth'; entrance to
q.v.;s.f. Cake of cow-dung placed on the top
the lower or infernal regions at the South-pole;
of a heap of corn as a charm against the effects
submarine fire (=bawgni). of an evil eye.
H baot, s.f.=baht, q.v. H bah`, s.f. Increase,
H bakh [S. ++], s.m. advancement, &c. (=bah`o, q.v.).
A kind of sugar-cane with long joints. H buh`, s.f.=buhp, q.v.
H bah, adj.=ba, ba, q.q.v.:bah-
H buhbhas [S. +?], s.f.
mol, adj. Of great price, exorbitant.
Affectation of youth in old age; state of an old
H bah, adj.=ba, q.v dotard, doting, dotage;s.m.=buhbhasiy, q.v.
H buh, adj.& H buhbhasiya (i.e. buhbhas
s.m.=buh and bh, q.q.v. +iy = S. ikah), s.m. One who affects in old age
H buhp, = the manners of youth; an old dotard.
H baht (imperf. part. of bahn,
H buhpan, =
q.v.), adj. (f. -), Increasing, advancing,
H buhpan, [S. ], s.m. extending, growing, rising, thriving,
Old age, senility. prosperous; progressing, progressive;
H buhpan, = accelerated (as motion; e.g. baht l,
'accelerated motion, or velocity'); additional,
H buhp, =
supplemental, extra, in excess.
H buhpan, [S. ], s.m. H baht, s.m. =
Old age, senility.
H baht, s.f. [S. +], Increase,
H buhpan, =
augmentation, enhancement, advancement,
H buhp, = progress, promotion, elevation, exaltation,
prosperity, aggrandizement; excess, overplus.
H buhpan, [S. ], s.m. Old
H baht, s.f. = H baht,
age, senility.
H bahn [bah = bahw = s.m. [S. +], Increase, augmentation,
enhancement, advancement, progress,
Prk. () or ()=S. + (),
promotion, elevation, exaltation, prosperity,
rt. with caus. aug. ], v.t. To increase, aggrandizement; excess, overplus.
enlarge, extend, lengthen, produce, prolong, H , bahar, s.m.=bahal, q.v.
stretch, draw out; to advance, promote, raise,
H bahk, adj. & s.m.=bak, q.v.
exalt, aggrandize; to amplify, magnify,
exaggerate; to move forward, move on, carry

325
H bahkar (past conj. part. H bahotar, bahautar, s.m. =
of bahn), adj. & adv. Greater (than, -se), H bahotar, bahotr,bahautr,
more, exceeding, surpassing; in a greater
degree. s.f. [S. + ], Increase, addition,
H bahal, s.m. The tree Artocarpus increment; advancement, promotion,
improvement, advantage, interest, gain, profit;
lakoocha, and the fruit thereof;the broad- overplus, surplus and balance.
leaved Sebesten, Cordia latifolia, and its fruit.
H bahotar, bahotr, bahautr
H bahan, s.f.=baha`in, q.v.
, s.f. = H bahotar, bahautar,
H bahn [bah =
s.m. [S. + ], Increase, addition,
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. ], v.n. To
increment; advancement, promotion,
increase, enlarge, be enhanced, be extended, be improvement, advantage, interest, gain, profit;
produced, be prolonged; to extend, lengthen; to overplus, surplus and balance.
grow, rise; to swell (as a stream); to be raised,
be elevated, be exalted, be promoted; to H buha`ot, buhaut,
prosper, flourish, thrive, become rich or s.f.=buha`ot, q.v.
powerful, acquire strength or dignity; to gain, H baholiy, s.m. Name of a
acquire (as profit); to go on, proceed, advance, tribe of Rjpts near Benares.
make head; to get beyond, surpass, exceed
(with abl.); to be set or put aside; to be cut off, H bah, s.f.=bahotr; and
be stopped (as a supply, &c.; e.g. ddh bah- s.m.=baha` q.q.v.
jn, 'to be weaned'), to be removed or taken H baha`, bahai, bah [Prk.
away (as a table-cloth); to be closed (as a shop);
=S. +], s.m. Carpenter; the carpenter
to be extinguished (as a lamp); to be lowered, to
fall (as a rate or price):bah-jn, v.n. Intens. caste;the woodpecker (syn. khu-baha`).
of, and=bahn, q.v.:bah-aln, bah-ke H buh, s.f.=buhiy, q.v.
aln, v.n. To be arrogant, proud, &c.=itrn, H bahiy [S. +], adj.
q.v.
Superior, excellent, of good quality; rich,
H bahant, = productive, fertile (soil); costly, high-priced,
H bahant, s.f. dear.
= baht and bahotr, q.q.v. H bahiy, s.m. Name of a kind of
H bahant, = sugar millstone extracted from the quarries of
Chunr (=bahe`);name of a small clan
H bahant, s.f.
of Rjpts; a species of pulse, &c.=bahaiy,
= baht and bahotr, q.q.v. q.v.
H bahn [S. ], s.f. Increase, H bahiy [S. +, rt. ], s.m.
growth, prosperity, advancement, rise; advance Name of a disease affecting sugar-cane, Indian
(paid for manufacture, cultivation, or corn, &c., which prevents the head from
contract);broom, brush. shooting.
H , buha`, s.m. Old man H bahe`, s.m. A kind of
(=bh, q.v.). stone=bahiy, q.v.
H buhw, adj. & s.m. Old, &c. H bahaiy, s.m. A species of pulse;
(buh, bh, q.q.v.). a grain-measure of one ser (or, in some places,
H bahwr, s.m. = of a ser and a half).
H bahwr, s.f. Increase, H buhiy [S. +;
prosperity, &c.=bah`, q.v. Prk. ], s.f. Old woman; mother; a light,
H bahwr, s.f. = soft substance (vulg. called buhr).
H bahwr, s.m. Increase, H bahiyl, s.m.=bah`;
prosperity, &c.=bah`, q.v. adj.=bahiy and bahyal, q.q.v.
H buha`ot, buhaut [S. H baheriy, s.m. Name of one
of the subdivisions of the amr caste; a
], s.m. Old age, senility, senile decrepitude
member of that caste.
(syn. buhp). H bahiyal, bahyal, adj.=bahiy,
q.v.

326
H bahel [S. ++], s.m. A minded, magnanimous;buzurg-manish, s.f.
Greatness of mind, magnanimity:buzurg-wr,
wild hog (=banel).
adj. & s.m. Great, noble, &c.; great man, noble;
H baha`in [S. +], s.f. ancestor; sage; saint (=buzurg):buzurg-wr,
Wife of a carpenter (baha`); a woman of the s.f. Greatness, eminence, &c. (=buzurg, q.v.).
carpenter caste. P buzurgn, s.m. pl. (of buzurg), Great
H ba [S. ], s.f. Small lumps of men, grandees; ancestors; sages; saints; doctors.
P buzurgna, adj. & adv. Like a great
pulse (urd, mng, &c.), fried in oil or gh, then
man; befitting a great man; noble, magnificent;
dried in the sun, and used as condiments, or
nobly, magnificently.
seasoning of native dishes (cf. ba;
P buzurg-wr, adj. & s.m. See
syn. adaur); small balls of charcoal used for
s.v. buzurg.
burning on a uqq (syn. gul).
P buzurg, s.f. Greatness, grandeur,
H baa`, s.f.=ba`; and dignity, respectability, eminence, exaltation,
s.m.=baha`; q.q.v. nobleness, excellence, superiority, high rank,
H bu, s.f.=burr, q.v. seniority.
P buz-gla, s.m. Young of a goat (buz);
H baer, s.m. (Mawr), Venerable kid.
old man, sage. P bazla, s.m. Jest, bon-mot, &c.=bala, q.v.
H bae, s.m. Beam, rafter. P bazm, s.f. Assembly, company, party,
entertainment, feast, banquet.
H bayau, Dialect. for bao, P bazan, s.m. An instrument for levelling
q.v.s.v. baa. ploughed land, a kind of harrow.
P buz, s.m. He-goat; goat;buz-dil, buz-dila, P bi-zan (imperat. of zadan, 'to strike,' &c.),
s.m. Coward (lit. 'goat-hearted'):buz-dila-pan, s.m. lit. 'strike, slay'; slaughter:bi-zan-e-`m,
s.m.=buz-dil, s.f. Timidity; cowardice:buz- s.m. General slaughter:bi-zan karn, v.t. To
koh, s.m. Mountain goat:buz-gir, s.f. Goat- slay, slaughter, put to the sword.
catching. P ba-zor, adv. By force, perforce, by main
A bazz, s.m. Fine linen. force, forcibly, on compulsion (syn. zabar-
H buzz (P. buzak, buzk), s.m. A species of dast, ba-jabr):ba-zor len, v.t. To take by
heron, coloured black and white; the Ibis. force; to extort, exact.
H bazr, corr. of bzr, q.v. P baza, s.m. Sin, crime, guilt:baza-kr,
A bazzz, vulg. bazz, bajj, s.m. Cloth- s.m. Criminal, sinner.
merchant, draper, mercer. P bas [old P. va; Zend vaah;
A H bazzz, = A P bazzza, s.m.
Cloth-market. S. vaas], adj. Enough, sufficient, plenty; very
A P bazzza, = A H bazzz, s.m. much, too much, a great many; very;adv.
Cloth-market. And so; in short, in a word;intj. Enough! that
A P bazzz, vulg. bazz, bajj, s.f. will do! hold! stay!:bas-bas, intj. (emphat.
Business of a cloth-merchant or mercer; and colloq.), Cease! have done! no more!:bas
drapery, linen-drapery, haberdashery. karn, v.n. To stop, have done, cease, desist, to
A buzq, s.m. Spittle. give up, lay or put aside, put an end to, close,
H bazn (for ba`d az n), adj. After that, finish; to seize; to be satisfied:bas-ki, conj.
afterwards. Although:az-bas, adj. Excessive, extreme,
P bazwa, s.m.=pazwa, pajwa, q.q.v. very:az-bas-ki, adv. To such an extent that;
P bazbz, s.m. Mace, spice (=basbsa, inasmuch as, whereas.
q.v.). H bas [S. ], s.m. Will, authority,
P bazr, s.m. corr. of bar, q.v. power, influence, command, control, grasp,
P buzurj-mihr, s.m. Name of the mastership, supremacy; advantage, opportunity;
famous minister of Nshrvn, king of Persia, help, remedy (=ra);postp. Under the power
who lived in the sixth century of our ra. or control (of, -ke), in subjection (to);bas
P buzurg [Pehl. vazr; Zend vazra; n, or bas-me n (-ke) = bas pan, or bas-
S. vajra], adj. & s.m. Great, reverend, me pan (-ke), To be obtained; to come or
venerable, aged, noble, respected, fall into the power (of), be brought into
respectable;great man, grandee; old man, subjection, be subdued; to be charmed,
elder, respectable person; holy man, saint; sage, fascinated, bewitched:bas aln (-se), To
wise man; ancestor, forefather:buzurg-zda, avail against, have power (over), be able to help
adj. Of noble birth, high-born;buzurg-zdag, oneself (against):bas-karan, s.m. Charm,
s.f. High birth:buzurg-sl, adj. Aged, old, spell:bas karn or kar-len, or bas-me
stricken in years:buzurg-manish, adj. Noble- karn or kar-len, To bring (one, -ko) under

327
subjection (to oneself, apne), bring under
control, get into (one's) power; to subdue,
overpower, get the better of; to charm,
fascinate, bewitch:bas-me, adv. In the
power (of), under the authority or control (of),
in subjection (to); at the discretion (of):bas-
me n, bas-me pan, v.n.=bas n, q.v.: H basrat, s.f. corr. of
bas-me rakhn (apne), To have (one, -ko)
under command or control; to manage, keep
under, restrain, hold back:bas-me rahn (-
ke), To be subject (to), to submit (to), obey:
bas-me karn, bas-me ln = bas karn, Learned, wise; skilful, skilled (in), versed (in),
q.v.:bas-me hon, v.n.=bas n, q.v.:bas-
vart, adj. & s.m. Acting obediently to the will
(of another); obsequious; obedient or docile
person; obsequious person.
H bis [S. ], s.m. Poison, venom, (one) forget; to efface, or dismiss, from the
bane (=zahr); the vegetable poison Aconitum
ferox (syn. bang); (met.), anything bitter,
disagreeable, spiteful, &c.:bis ugaln, v.n. lit.
'To vomit venom'; to say venomous or spiteful
things (of), speak ill (of), malign, revile, sneer
at; to disburden the mind or the conscience; to
have (one's) say; to take revenge:bis bon (-
me), To sow discord, make mischief
(between):bis-dhar, adj. & s.m. Poisonous; a
venomous serpent; snake:bis den (-ko), To
give poison (to), to poison:bis khn, v.n. To
swallow or take poison:bis-khapr, bis-
khopr (S. visha+kharpara+kah), s.m. lit.
'Poison-headed'; the medicinal
plant Trianthema pentandra, or T. obcordatum;
the plant Mezoneurum
cucullatum (Desfontaines), or Csalpinia
cucullata(Roxb.);a species of lizard, about
half a yard long, which is generally regarded as
venomous, Lacerta iguana:bis-k puiy, bis-
khn, bis-gh, s.m.f. Viper, mischievous
person, devil, demon:bis miln (-me), To
mingle poison (with), to poison, embitter,
corrupt, vitiate, spoil:bis-may, adj. Consisting
of poison, poisonous.
H bas [S. ], s.f. Marrow, fat, suet,
adeps, brain; oily exudation.
P bas (fr. bas, q.v.), adj. Much, many;
very:bas auqt, adv. Frequently, often;
mostly, generally:bas buzurg, adj. Very
great, very noble.
H baspat (v.n. from basna),
s.f.=bas`o, and basgat, q.q.v.
H bist [S. ; or ; cf.
A. bist], s.f. lit. 'That which is spread out';
goods, wares, stock-in-trade; capital, substance,
means, power; ability; significance, importance,
moment, weight.
H bisti, s.m. Vender of small
wares (so called because he spreads out his
wares); pedlar, huckster (syn. pher-wl, box-
wl, paikr, rda-farosh).
H bisr, adj.=bisl, q.v.;s.f. Loan
of seed upon the stipulation of an ample refund
after the harvest.
A. bashrat, q.v.
H bisrat, s.f.=bist, q.v.
H bisrad [S. ]. adj.
conversant (with); famous, celebrated;
confident, bold, presuming.
H bisrn (caus. of bisarn,
q.v.), v.t. To cause to be forgotten; to make
memory, to forget (=bisrn).
H biss, m. =
H bissin, f. adj.=bisws, q.v.
H bissin, f. =
H biss, m. adj.=bisws, q.v.
A bist, s.f. Anything that is spread out;
surface, expanse, expansion; carpet; bedding;
chess-cloth or chess-board, dice-board;goods,
wares, &c. (=bist, q.v.).
A P bist, s.m.=bist, q.v.
H biskh [S. ], s.f. The
name of the sixteenth asterism or lunar mansion
(figured by a decorated gateway, and containing
four, or originally two, stars).
H bisl [S. ], adj. Large,
great, &c.=ba, q.v.
H bislat [S. ], s.f.
Largeness, &c.=bapan, q.v.
P ba-sn, adj. In the likeness; like,
resembling.
H bisn, s.f.=bishand, q.v.
H basn (caus. of basn, q.v.), v.t.
To cause to dwell; to settle a country; to bring
into cultivation; to people, colonize, found a
colony.
H basn [S. ], v.t. To
perfume (particularly by placing a thing in the
midst of perfume);v.n. To give forth a smell;
to smell offensive:bas-len, v.t.=basn.
H bisn, v.t.=bisrn,
and bishn, q.q.v.
H bisnd, s.f.=bishand, q.v.
H bisnd, adj.=bishand, q.v.
H bisndh, s.f.=bishand, q.v.
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H bas`o (v.n. from basn), s.m. H bis-bis, s.m. Call made to a
Abiding, dwelling, living, life; residence, cat; puss-puss.
abode; homestead.
H baswar [S. ++], H bisbisn (onomat.), v.n.
s.f. Ground-rent; rent paid by villagers who do To give forth a sound as in fermentation or
not occupy any of the village lands. putrefaction; to be in a state of fermentation, or
H biswan, s.f.=bishan, putrefaction; to ferment (=baj-bajn); to smart,
tingle.
or bish, q.v.
H bish (v.n. of bishn, q.v.), s.f.
H basat [S. ], part. adj.
Buying, purchasing; incurring; thing bought,
Inhabited; cultivated.
purchase.
H bish, adj. & s.m. bisah, q.v. P bast (contrac. of basta, q.v.), part. Bound;
H bishan, s.f.=bish; shut; frozen:bast karn, v.t. To bind or collect
and bishand; q.q.v. together:bast-o-band = band-o-bast, q.v.:
bast hon, v.n. To be bound or collected.
H bishn [S. ; or ;
Prk. ; prob. connect. with bist), v.t. To H bastu, bast [S. ], s.f.
get possession of, procure, acquire; to buy, Thing, matter, article, commodity, substance,
purchase; to incur, bring upon oneself. wealth, property, means; things, goods, chattels,
H bishand, bishind [S. + baggage (syn. asbb):bastu-bal, s.m. Physical
agency:bast-ke-swabh`o, bast-ke gun, s.m.
], s.f. Smell of raw meat; fishy smell; rank
General properties of matter:bastu-vidy, s.f.
or offensive smell, stench, stink, fetidness, The science of Physics.
rankness; coarseness, baseness, vulgarity.
H bishand, bishind (S. P bist (contrac. of bst), adj. Twenty.
visra+gandha+kah), adj. Having a fishy smell;:
melling offensive or rank, stinking, rank, fetid; P bust (cf. bustn), s.m. Rose-hower; place
stale, dry, vapid, tasteless. abounding with sweet-smelling flowers or
fruits; rose-garden.
H bis`in, = H
H bast, s.m.= basta, q.v.
bis`ind, = H
bisyandh,bis`endh, s.f.=bishand, q.v.
H bast (imperf. part. of basn), adj.
Populated, inhabited (a village).
H bis`ind, = H
bis`in, = H P bust, adj. Rude, impudent,
bisyandh,bis`endh, s.f.=bishand, q.v. audacious, insolent, presumptuous (=gust,
q.v.).
H bisyandh, bis`endh, = H
P bust, s.f. Rudeness, &c.
bis`in, = H (=gust, q.v.).
bis`ind, s.f.=bishand, q.v.
H bistr [S. ; rt. ], s.m.
H bas-bs [S. +], s.m. Spreading out; spread, extension, expansion,
Abode, dwelling, residence (=basobs). diffusion, development, amplification, detail,
prolixity, copiousness, abundance; (in Geom.)
H bisbs, s.m.=bisws, q.v. diameter of a circle:bistr karn (-k), To
spread, extend, enlarge, expand, diffuse,
P basbsa (for A. ), s.m. Mace, develop, &c.
envelope of the nutmeg.
H bistrn [S. ],
P A ba-sabab, adv. By reason (of), on v.t. To spread, extend, &c.=bistr karn, q.v.s.v.
account (of), through. bistr.

329
H bistr [S. ], adj. H bist`, bistu`, = H
Extending, large, ample, diffuse. bist`iy, bistu`iy,
(from bis, 'poison'), s.f. .The house-lizard (sy. n
P bustn, s.m. Flower-garden (=bstn or
hipkal; pall).
bo-stan q.v.).

P bustn, adj. Relating to a flower- H bist`iy,

garden; of the flower-garden. bistu`iy, = H bist`,
bistu`, (from bis, 'poison'), s.f. The house-lizard
H bastra, bastr, bastar [S. (syn. hipkal; pall).
], s.m. Cloth, clothes, dress, garment,
P basta [Pehl. batak; Zend basta, rt. band;
vesture, raiment, apparel.
S. baddha, rt. bandh], part. adj. & s.m. Bound,
shut, closed, fastened, folded up; frozen,
P bistar (=S. ), s.m. Bedding, congealed;cloth in which anything is folded
mattress (cf. bistar); carpet; bed, bolster, up, wrapper; parcel, bundle (as of papers or
pillow. books), bale:basta il-den, basta bdhn,
v.n. To tie up a bundle, fold up and put away
H bastar, bastr, s.m. The shrub (papers, &c. in an office), to close (office).
Callicarpa lanata, or C. cana, or C. tomentosa
(the root of which is employed in cutaneous H bast [S. , rt. ], s.f.
diseases. It is also one of the trees used for Inhabited place, settlement, colony; village,
making charcoal). small town; abode, home; population,
inhabitants (syn. bd).
H bistar, bistr, = H
bistara, bistra (from P. bistar), s.m. H bisad [S. ], adj. White, clean,
Bed, bedding (particularly of a soldier, faqr, pure, chaste:bisad-bn, s.f. Chaste speech,
traveller, &c., which is rolled up in the eloquence.
morning); the abode or resting place of a faqr
(cf. takiya):bistar bihn, bistar jamn, P bussad, busad, s.m. Coral, and its root.
bistar lagn, v.n. To spread or lay out the
bedding, make ready the bed. H basudh [S. +], s.f. The
world, the earth.
H bistara, bistra, = H
P ba-sar, adv. To a head; to the fore; to an
bistar, bistr (from P. bistar), s.m. end, at an end:ba-sar n, v.n. To come to an
Bed, bedding (particularly of a soldier, faqr, end, be finished, or accomplished; to succeed;
traveller, &c., which is rolled up in the to get away from; to come to the fore, come
morning); the abode or resting place of a faqr forward, contend or vie (with):ba-sar jn,
(cf. takiya):bistar bihn, bistar jamn, v.n. To reach the end, to be finished; to pass
bistar lagn, v.n. To spread or lay out the away:ba-sar karn, v.t. To bring to an end,
bedding, make ready the bed. finish, accomplish, execute; to spend, pass
(time, &c.):ba-sar le-jn, v.t. To bring to an
A bastaq = P bastak (from bastan, 'to end, &c. (=ba-sar karn); to acquit oneself of;
bind'), (the Arab. form of the next), s.m. to surpass, outstrip:ba-sar-o-ashm. adv. lit.
Servant, attendant, minister. 'With head and eyes'; most willingly or heartily;
most carefully:ba-sar hon, v.n. To come to
P bastak (from bastan, 'to bind'), = A an end, be finished, spent, or passed; to vie
bastaq s.m. Servant, attendant, minister. (with), rival.

P bastag (abst. s. fr. basta, q.v.), s.f. H bisar (v.n. of bisarn), s.m.
Binding, contraction, stoppage, obstruction,
constipation, concretion, congelation. Forgetfulness, oblivion; oversight, omission;
postp. By the omission (of), by neglect (of),
P bastan (from bastan, 'to bind,' see failing (in), lacking.
basta), s.f. Cloth for binding together bundles of
papers, books, inkstands, &c.; wrapper. H bisr, adj. Forgetful, oblivious;
negligent.

330
 A basftaj, basftij, bisftaj, = A
H bisr, s.f.=bisrha, q.v. basfyaj, bisfyaj,basf`ij, (the Pers. bas-pya,
arabicized), s.m. The medicinal root polypody.
H bisrm [S. , rt. ], A basfyaj, bisfyaj, basf`ij, = A
s.m. Rest, repose, quiet, ease, cessation from basftaj, basftij,bisftaj, (the Pers. bas-pya,
labour or fatigue; pause, stop, point in arabicized), s.m. The medicinal root polypody.
writing:bisrm karn, bisrm len, v.n. To
rest, repose, &c.; to pass the night (particularly H biskarma, s.m.=biswa-
used by wandering faqrs).
karm, q.v.s.v. biswa.
H bisrn (caus. of bisarn,
H bisikh [S. ], s.m.
q.v.), v.t. To cause to forget; to forget
Arrow, iron crow.
(=bisrn), to efface from the memory; to
distract, beguile; to mislead (syn. bhuln; H bis-khapr, = H
bahkn). bis-khopr, s.m. See s.v. bis.
H bis-khopr, = H
H bisrnt [S. ], part.
Rested, reposed. bis-khapr, s.m. See s.v. bis.
H basgit, basgat [S. +
H bisrnti, bisrnt [S. ], s.f. Residence, homestead; site of a village
], s.f. Rest, repose, &c.=bisrm, q.v. residence.
P basal, s.f. Millet; the heel; iron helmet.
H bisrha, s.f. Forgetfulness, H basm, s.m.=basma, q.v.
&c.=bisar, q.v. H bismr, s.m. Name of a plant.
A bi`smi`llh (bi+ismi+allh), In the
H bisarjan [S. ], s.m. name of God (a formula generally pronounced
by Mohammadans at the beginning of all
Relinquishing, sending away, dismissing, actions and works); the festivities observed
dismissal; throwing the image of a deity into (among Musalmns) on a child's first
holy water (as the concluding rite of a festival); commencing to learn;intj. God be with you!
finish, end, or conclusion of a religious God speed you! very good! very well! all
ceremony; giving away, gift, donation.
right!:bismi`llhi`r-ramni`r-ram, In the
name of God the Merciful, the
H bisarg [S. ], s.m. Sending Compassionate:bismi`l-lh karn, v.n. To
forth, letting go, emission; voiding, evacuation; pronounce the formula 'in the name of God,' at
getting rid of, sending away, dismissal, the beginning of a work, etc.; (hence) to begin,
abandonment, relinquishment; departure, commence; to fall to (eating), set to work; to
separation; gift, donation; final emancipation, slaughter (an animal):bismi`l-lh-ke gumba-
beatitude; light, lustre, splendour; (in Gram.) a me baihn orrahn, v.n. To abide under the
symbol usually marked by two dots one over dome of security, live in peace and safety; to
the other (:) representing a hard and distinctly retire from the world, lead a life of seclusion:
audible aspiration:bisarg-sandhi, s.f. (in bismi`l-lh h`, 'A beginning has been made at
Gram.), the union of bisarg with a vowel and a his lessons' (said of a child who has just
consonant (according to special rules) for the commenced learning to read).
formation of a compound letter. H bismn (caus. of bisamn),
v.t. To break to pieces, shatter, destroy (a word
H bisarn [S. ; rt. peculiar to Hind women).
], v.n. To be forgotten; to forget, lose the H bismit [S. ], part.
remembrance (of); to be unmindful (of). Amazed, &c.=bismay, q.v.
P bismil (contrac. of bismi`l-lh, q.v.), adj.
H bisurn, v.n. To sob, Sacrificed, slaughtered:bismil karn, v.t. To
&c.=bisrn, q.v. sacrifice; to slaughter (an animal):bismil-gh,
s.f. Place of sacrifice; slaughter-house.
A bast, s.m. Spreading or extending out, P bismil, adj. For sacrifice; for slaughter.
distension, diffusiveness.

331
H bisamn, v.n. To be broken, be the face; to turn yellow or pale (generally with
shattered (see bismn). the words muh-par; e.g. uske munh-par basant
P basma, basm (for A. ), s.m. phl); yellow sparks to fly (out of the eyes;
Painting, staining, dyeing; dye, collyrium, e.g. kho-me basant phl; hence), to be
tincture (see wasma). dazzled, be astonished or amazed:basant-
panam, s.f. The vernal festival of the Hinds
H bismay, bismai [S. on the fifth day of the light half of the
], s.m. Astonishment, amazement, surprise, month Mgh:basant-ritu, basant-rut, s.m.
perplexity, bewilderment, dismay:bismay The season of spring:basant-k abar, s.f.
karn, v.n. To be astonished, &c. Knowledge of, or concern about, futurity.
H bismay [S. ], adj. H basant, adj. Of yellow colour,
Astonished, taken by surprise, amazed, yellow (the colour of spring blossoms, such as
disconcerted, perplexed, bewildered, dismayed, those of the mustard-plant);s.f. Yellow
afraid. garment;name of a goddess of small-pox.
H basan [S. ; and ; rt. ], H basandar [S. +], s.m.
s.m. Abiding, dwelling; residence, abode, Epithet of Agni or fire; god of fire; sacred fire.
habitation; price, wages; wealth; thing,
H basn [S. ; rt. ], s.f. Purse
substance:basan-hr, s.m. Inhabitant,
dweller, resident, settler. (syn. khutt, thail).
H basan [S. , rt. ], s.m. H bisn [S. ], adj. & s.m.
Covering, wrapper; cloth; clothes, dress, Vicious, dissolute, addicted to any kind of vice
apparel, suit of clothes:asan-basan, s.m. or evil practice; delicate, nice; showy in dress
Food and clothing. (syn. sugha);dissolute man, voluptuary,
libertine, debauchee, rake, rou, lecher
H bisan, s.m.=bishn, bishan, q.v.:
(cf. bishn).
bisan-pad, s.m.=bishn-pad, q.v.s.v. bishn.
H biswa, see biswa.
H bisan [S. ], s.m. Fault, vice,
H basw, s.f.=besw, q.v.
crime, bad practice, evil habit; inordinate
addiction (to), desire, lust:bisan-pa, H bisw [Ap.
s.m.=bisan-pan, q.v. Prk. =Prk. =S. +], s.m.
H basn, s.m. Covering, cloth, Twentieth part; a measure of land, the twentieth
wrapper, &c. (=basan, q.v.; part of a bgh:bisws, s.m.,bisws, s.f.
syn. behan; lapean); bank, banking-firm. (i.e. bisw+ansa = S. ana+kah), Twentieth part
H basn [bas = of a bisw:bisw-barr, s.m. Collecting, or
collection, by the bisw:bisw-dr, s.m.
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. ], v.n. To dwell,
Holder of a share or shares in a coparcenary
abide; to be peopled, be settled, be populated, village;bisw-dr, s.f. Coparcenary holding
be cultivated; to be full, be well-peopled; to or tenure; tenure of independent village
settle, encamp, lodge, perch, roost; to prosper, communities under a superior ta`allug-dr.
flourish, thrive.
H biswr, s.m. (?), Mixture of
H basn [S. , ], v.n. To be
spices and aromatic seeds powdered and ready
perfumed, be scented, to smell. for use in curry or pickle; curry-powder.
H busn (see ubasn), v.n. To smell H baswr [S. +], s.f.
fetid, to stink (as rotten meat or food); to Bamboo-plantation; bamboo-thicket (=basaur).
become rotten; to become sticky.
H bisws [S. ], s.m.
H bisanpan [S. ], s.m.
Trust, confidence, faith, belief, reliance,
Viciousness, dissoluteness, lewdness; habit of dependence:bisws rakhn, bisws karn (-
indulging desire. k; or -par), To put trust (in), to confide (in),
H basant [S. ], s.m. Spring, rely (on), to trust, believe, credit:bisws-ght,
the vernal season s.f. Destruction of confidence, breach of faith,
(comprising ait and Baiskh, or from the violation of trust, treachery, treacherous
middle of March to that of May); the vernal friendship;bisws-ght, s.m. One who
equinox;name of one of the rgs or musical betrays confidence, traitor, treacherous friend.
modes of the Hinds;small-pox;garland or H bisws, s.m. Corr. of
wreath of yellow flowers:basant phln, v.n. A. wasws, q.v.
To put forth yellow blossoms (like those of the
mustard plant); to have yellow pustules, &c. on

332
H bisws [S. ], adj. & H bisah, bis-h [S. +?], adj.
s.m. (f. biswsin, -in), Confiding, faithful, Poisonous, venomous (reptile, &c.);s.m.
believing; honest, trusty;truster, believer; Venomous reptile;a dog with poisonous teeth
confidant. and twenty nails.
H bisws, s.f. See s.v. bisw.
H bisahr, = H
H baso-bs, s.m. Abode,
residence, &c.=bas-bs, q.v. bisahr`, = H bisahr, (from
H basaur, s.f. Bamboo-plantation bish+kara+uka), s.m. Buyer, purchaser.
(=baswr, q.v.).
H bisahr`, = H
H bas-vart [S. + ], adj. &
s.m. See s.v. bas. bisahr, = H bisahr,
H bisrn [S. ; rt. ], (from bish+kara+uka), s.m. Buyer, purchaser.
v.n. To put on a crying face, to prepare to weep;
to cry slowly; to sob; to pull a long face. H bisahr, = H
H baso [S. ++; bisahr, = H bisahr`, (from
or +], s.m. A caste of men whose bish+kara+uka), s.m. Buyer, purchaser.
occupation it is to make baskets of split
bamboos; a member of that caste, a basket- H bisahr [S. ++], s.f.
maker; a member of the sweeper caste in a Venomous reptile; snake; a phlegmon or boil on
village community. the hand (syn. bisail).
H bi-sok [S. ], adj. Free from
P A ba-sahlat, adv. With facility, easily.
grief or sorrow, happy.
H biswa-karm, s.m. See P base (from bas), adj. & adv. Much, many,
s.v. biswa. enough; in excess, abundantly.
H basl, basol [S. +dim.
aff. l, or ol = +S. ], s.m. A kind of axe H bis, s.f.=bs, q.v.
used by carpenters, an adze (dialectic forms
are bsil, basil,basul). P bisyr, adj. Much, many, very, abundant.
H basl, basol (dim. of basul), P bisyr, s.f. Abundance, superfluity.
s.f. A mason's or builder's hatchet, an
instrument for cutting bricks or stone. H bast, s.m. Head man of a village
H biswa, s.m.=bisw, q.v.
(prop. bash, q.v.).
H biswa [S. ], adj. & s.m. All,
every, every one, entire, whole, universal; H bas, = H bash,
whole world, all creation, universe:biswa-
[S. , and ], s.m. Chief person, or
karm, s.m. lit. 'All-maker'; name of the
artificer or architect of the gods, the Vulcan of head manager, in a village (syn. muqaddam);
Hindu mythology; the god of artisans one who is carefully observant of injunctions,
(especially of carpenters);an astute or crafty or of all commanded or established rites and
person. usages; (hence) agent, ambassador, envoy,
messenger; go-between, intermeddler, busy-
body, tale-bearer, mischief-maker; customer (in
H bisw [S. +], adj. Of or
the language of harlots);yoke attached to a
relating to the world, worldly, belonging to the plough (syn. jha).
universe.
H bash, = H bas,
H bisw (from bisw), s.f.
[S. , and ], s.m. Chief person, or
Alienation of land on low jama`s on the
payment of fines in advance. head manager, in a village (syn. muqaddam);
one who is carefully observant of injunctions,
or of all commanded or established rites and
H basah [S. ; Prk. ], s.m.
usages; (hence) agent, ambassador, envoy,
Bull, ox, bullock. messenger; go-between, intermeddler, busy-
body, tale-bearer, mischief-maker; customer (in

333
the language of harlots);yoke attached to a H bish [S. ], s.m. Poison, &c.=bis,
plough (syn. jha). q.v.:bish-kany, s.f. lit. 'Poison-damsel'; a
female who has been fed on poisons from her
H bash, s.f. Business of a infancy. (Such damsels, it is said, were formerly
bash; agency, ambassadorship, &c. sent by Indian princes as presents to those
whom they wished to destroy, as the poisonous
H bisyar, adj. & s.m.=bisail, q.v. constitution of the girl could immediately infect
and kill an unwary lover.)

H baser [S. , rt. +], H bat, adj. Fetid, stinking

s.m. Night's lodging; roosting in its nest (a (=bishand); ill-flavoured, bitter; unwholesome,
bird); a roost; roosting time; place of staying or disagreeable; sour, morose.
halting:baser den (-ko), To give a night's
lodging (to); to stop, halt (a bier, &c.);to take P bashrat, bishrat, s.f. = P bashra,
a caged bird in the morning or evening to hear bishra, s.m. (for A. ), Good news, glad
the singing of wild birds in a grove, with a view tidings, joyful annunciation made to one in
to its catching their notes:baser karn, sleep or in a vision by some saint; happy dream
baser len (-par), To roost; to repose:basere- or vision; divine inspiration, revelation.
k waqt, s.m. Roosting time.
P bashra, bishra, s.m. = P
H bisesat, bisest, s.f. bashrat, bishrat, s.f. (for A. ), Good news,
Abundance=bieshat, q.v. glad tidings, joyful annunciation made to one in
sleep or in a vision by some saint; happy dream
H bisesh, s.m.=biesh, q.v. or vision; divine inspiration, revelation.

A bashshsh, adj. Brisk, lively, cheerful,

A bast, adj. Simple, uncompounded,
sprightly, in good spirits, pleased, delighted
elementary;s.m. Expanse, surface, superficies
(syn. ush).
(syn. sat).
P bashshat (for A. ), s.f. Liveliness,
H baskat [S. + ], part. cheerfulness, alacrity.
adj. Peopled, inhabited.
H bit, = H bish, s.m. A
H bise, s.m.=biesh, q.v. provincial term (in Kam`n) for a kind of
ta`alluqdr whose office is in the gift of
H bisail, bisel [S. government.
+], adj. & s.m. Poisonous, venomous
H bish, = H bit, s.m. A
(syn. zahrl);venomous reptile; snake;
provincial term (in Kam`n) for a kind of
phlegmon or boil on the hand (bisahr).
ta`alluqdr whose office is in the gift of
government.
H bisen, s.m. Name of a powerful
tribe of Rjpts. H bishh [S. ], s.f. Ordure,
excrement, filth, dirt.
H basendh, adj. (f. -) =
bishand, q.v. H bish [S. ], s.f. Rain.

H basen, s.m. (?), An edible root

H bish [S. +], s.f. Strip of
which is found in lakes.
cloth (to cover the privities with); shred, scrap.
H basen, s.m. (local) A member of P A ba-shiddat, adv. Extremely,
the sweeper caste in a village community, a excessively; violently, forcibly.
sweeper (=baso).
A bashar, s.m. Man, human being; mankind,
H bisaihr, s.f.=bisahr, q.v. mortals.

334
H birm, s.m.=bisrm, q.v.
H , (incor. ), bishn,
H birnt, part. adj.=bisrnt, s.m.=bishay and bisn, q.q.v.
q.v.
H bishah, bish-h, adj.=bisah, q.v.
P A ba-shart, adv. On condition,
conditionally:ba-sharte-ki, On the condition H bishay, bishai, bishe [S. ],
that, on the agreement or stipulation that, s.m. Object of sense; object of concern or
provided, so that. attention, worldly object or aim; object, pursuit,
affair, concern, business, transaction; matter,
P bashara, vulg. bashra (for A. ), s.m. topic, subject, region, sense; worldly or sensual
Outer skin or cuticle; physiognomy, enjoyment, sensuality, lust;postp. In the
countenance, face, appearance; descriptive roll. matter (of, -ke), in respect (of), respecting,
concerning, about (=bbat):is-bishay-me, In
A bashar, vulg. bashr, adj. Relating to this matter; in this respect.
man, human.
A bashr, s.m. Messenger of glad tidings
P basharyat, vulg. bashryat (for A. (bashrat).
), s.f. Humanity, human nature (=insanyat,
q.v.).
H bishiyar, bishyar, adj.=bisyar;
H bisham [S. ], adj. Uneven, bisail, q.q.v.
rough, difficult of access; unequal, irregular;
not even, odd (number); difficult, hard; H biesh [S. ], s.m.
disagreeable, painful, troublesome, vexatious; Difference, distinction, individuality,
odd, unusual, unequalled (in a bad sense); characteristic difference, peculiar mark,
intermittent, inconstant; bad, adverse, particular circumstance, special property,
unpropitious:bisham-tribhuj, s.m. A scalene speciality, peculiarity, attribute; distinction,
triangle:bisham-jar, bisham-jwar, s.m. peculiar merit, excellence, superiority; sort,
Irregular fever, irregularly remittent fever: kind, manner; (in Gram.) a defined or qualified
bisham-atur-bhuj, s.m. Unequal four-sided substantive (syn. mauf); (in Law), special
figure, trapezium, quadrilateral:bisham-ko, rule or distinction; (in Med.) change for the
adj. Unequal angled;bisham-ko yat, s.m. better;adj. Distinguished, definite, particular,
Parallelogram; rhomboid;bisham-ko sam- special, peculiar, distinctive; certain, choice,
atur-bhj, s.m. Rhombus. excellent, superior; abundant, excessive;adv.
Especially, particularly, specially:biesh-kar,
P A ba-shuml, adj. With the inclusion biesh-kar-ke, adv. More especially,
(of, -ke), inclusive (of), including. particularly, par excellence.

H bishnu, bish, bishan H bieshat [S. ], s.f.

Peculiarity, speciality; abundance, plenty.
[S. ], s.m. A Hind god, the Deity in the
character of Preserver:bishn-pad (S.
H biesha [S. ], adj. &
vishu+padya), s.m. A particular song in the
name of Vishnu:bishn-prt, s.f. Land granted s.m. Discriminative, distinctive, attributive;
rent-free to Brhmans in honour of Vishnu, or distinguishing mark, distinction, attribute,
to maintain his worship:bishn-prt-dr, s.m. characteristic, epithet; (in Gram.), the
The holder of a bishn-prt, or grant of land for qualifying word, adjective, adverb (=kriy-
religious purposes:bishan-dev, s.m. A sect vieshan).
of mendicants who beg in the name of Vishnu.
H biekh, s.m.=biesh, q.v.
H bishnaw, bishno` [from
, and =S. ], s.m. Name of one of the H bishail, adj.=bisail, q.v.
three great divisions of modern Hind sects; a
member of that sect; a worshipper of Vishnu. H bishay, = H bisha`
[S. ], adj. & s.m. Busied with worldly
H bishn, s.m.=bishnaw, q.v. matters; addicted to worldly pleasures; worldly,

335
sensual, carnal;an epithet of Km-de`o, the P batlat (for A. ), s.f. Folly, vanity;
Indian Cupid; anyone devoted to sensual or falseness, falsehood.
worldly objects; sensualist, voluptuary,
debauchee, rake (=bisn, q.v.). P batna (prop. bitna; for A. ), s.m.
lit. "Lining'; cap or cloth worn under the turban
H bisha`, = H bishay (syn. tah-pe).
[S. ], adj. & s.m. Busied with worldly
P batta, bata (dim. of bat), s.f. Duck;
matters; addicted to worldly pleasures; worldly, duckling; a vessel formed in imitation of a
sensual, carnal;an epithet of Km-de`o, the duck.
Indian Cupid; anyone devoted to sensual or
worldly objects; sensualist, voluptuary, P bat (from bata), s.f. Powder-flask.
debauchee, rake (=bisn, q.v.).
P A ba-tarz, adv. In the mode or manner
P barat (for A. , inf. n. of ' to (of); by way (of).
see'), s.f. Seeing, perceiving, discerning; sense
of sight, vision; insight, understanding, P A ba-taraf, adv. Aside, apart (=bar
knowledge (cf. barat). taraf).
P ba-ad, With or by a hundred (used only P A ba-tarq, adv. By the way; by way
in Persian phrases; e.g. ba-ad menat, with a (of), by means (of).
hundred toils or exertions).
P battak, batak (dim. of bat), s.f.=batta,
A baar (inf. n. of ' to see'), q.v.
s.m.=barat, q.v.; the eye (=bira, q.v.).
A batl, s.m. Rendering vain, rendering
A bara (for A. ), prop. n. The city abortive or ineffectual.
commonly called Bassorah, on the Persian Gulf.
A batln, s.f. Vanity; falseness; abortion;
P A ba-rat, adv. In the appearance the becoming of no effect.
(of), in the form or guise (of); in the manner
(of), by way (of); in appearance, apparently, A batn, s.m. The belly, abdomen; the womb
outwardly. (syn. pe.):batna ba`d batni, adv.
Generation after generation (=pusht dar pusht).
A basr, adj. Seeing; endowed with mental
perception, knowing; (met.) weak-sighted, A batn, adj. Of the belly; of the womb,
blind. born of.
P barat (for A. ;cf. barat), s.f. P A ba-taur, adv. After the manner (of),
Sight, insight, mental perception; perceptive
like; in a manner; by way (of):ba-taur-e-
faculty of the mind; knowledge, understanding,
ud, adv. In a manner peculiar to himself (or
intelligence, discernment; skill; circumspection,
themselves); in his (or their) own way; on his
prudence.
(or their) own account; of himself; of
themselves.
P A ba-g, ba-eg, adv. In the form or
mode (of); in the degree.
A batn, s.m. Interior, inside; heart,
mind;adj. Concealed.
P bi`at (for A. ), s.f.
Merchandise; an article of merchandise; stock-
A bitt, s.m. The melon (=arbuza); the
in-trade, capital; agency, commission.
water-melon, Cucurbita citrullus.
A P bat (the P. bat arabicized), s.f. Duck;
P A ba-zhir, adv. In appearance,
goose (more commonly the former):batt-e-
apparently, outwardly, externally; ostensibly
mai, A kind of goblet in the form of a duck.
(=ba-rat, q.v.).
A battl (cf. btil), adj. Very foolish or
A ba`s, s.m. Excitement, incentive, motive,
vain; false.
cause;raising (the dead) to life;
resurrection:ba`s-o-nashr, s.m. The
resurrection.

336

A ba`d, adv. & postp. After, subsequent (to,
-ke); afterwards, subsequently (syn. phe,
q.v.):ba`d-az, prep. After:ba`d-az n, adv.
After that, afterwards:ba`da-hu, adv. After
which, after that, then; after, afterwards;
however.
gash:bugra ln or l-den (-me), To
make holes or gaps (in).
P bugra, = P bugr, s.m. Breach (in a
wall); hole, gap, fissure;gaping would,
gash:bugra ln or l-den (-me), To
make holes or gaps (in).

A bo`d, s.m. (f.?), Distance, remoteness
(syn. dr).
A ba`da-hu, adv. see s.v. ba`d.
A ba`, = A ba`z (f. ba`), = A P
P bagwat (for A. , v.n. fr. ' to
envy,' 'to act wrongfully,' &c.), s.f. Opposition
(to), defection (from), revolt, rebellion;
violence, plunder, breach of law:bagwat
karn (-se), To turn aside or away (from), to
rebel (against), to revolt.

ba`e, adj. & s.m. Some, some few,

certain, several; sundry, diverse, miscellaneous; H bagbag (from A. gabgab), s.m. Dewlap;
some people; certain ones (ba` is either the A. double chin.
acc. of ba`, or an Urd formation therefrom).
H bagbagn (from A. bagbagat), v.n. To
A ba`z (f. ba`), = A ba`, = A P bray or gurgle (as a camel in rut); to be in heat;

ba`e, adj. & s.m. Some, some few, to lust (after); to bill and coo (as pigeons).
certain, several; sundry, diverse, miscellaneous;
some people; certain ones (ba` is either the A. P baga, s.m. (dim. of bg) = bg-a, q.v.
acc. of ba`, or an Urd formation therefrom).
P buga, s.m. A small bundle, &c.=buqa,
AP ba`e, = A ba`, = A ba`z q.v.
(f. ba`), adj. & s.m. Some, some few, certain,
several; sundry, diverse, miscellaneous; some P bugd, s.m. A cleaver used by cooks and
people; certain ones (ba` is either the A. acc. butchers; chopping-knife.
of ba`, or an Urd formation therefrom).
P bagdd [Zend bagha+dta], prop. n. The
A ba`labak, ba`lbak, prop. n. The city of city of Bagdad, on the Tigris.
Balbeck in Syria, the ancient Heliopolis.
P bugd (cf. but), s.m. A kind of camel
P A ba-`illat, adv. By reason (of), on the (of high cost).
ground (of), on account (of).
P bugr, s.m. Quadrangular sections of
A ba`alzabb, s.m. Beelzebub. paste, macaroni; vermicelli (syn. siwa`); an
inflated substance resembling lights which
P A ba-`iwa, adv. In place (of), in lieu protrudes from the mouth of a stallion camel in
(of), instead. rut.

A bi-`aun (P. ba-`aun), adv. With the aid
(of), by the assistance (of).
A ba`d, adj. Far, far off, distant, remote:
ba`du`l-`aql, ba`d aql-se, adj. Far removed
from reason, unreasonable, improbable, foolish,
absurd (syn. budh-bipart):ba`du`l-qiys, adj.
Remote from conception, inconceivable:
ba`du`l-watan, adj. & s.m. Far from home;a
foreigner.
A bi-`ainihi, adv. The very same; exactly,
precisely, verbatim.
P bugr, = P bugra, s.m. Breach (in a A kind of robe tied under the armpits; rope tied
wall); hole, gap, fissure;gaping would,
A bug, s.m. Malice, spite, animosity,
resentment, grudge, hatred, rancour, malignity,
revenge:bug-e-li`l-lh, s.m. Unaccountable
animosity; unreasonable enmity or spite.
P bagal, s.f. Side, flank; armpit; embrace;
gusset in the armpit of a garment;adv. On one
side, aside, out of the way; by the side (of),
close by:bagal bajn, v.n.=bagle bajn,
q.v.:bagal-bil`, s.f. A painful glandular
swelling in the armpit (so called because it is
believed, by the old wives of India, to be most
effectually relieved and dispersed by getting a
cat to lick it;syn. kakrl):bagal-band, s.m.
under the armpits:bagal-parwarda, adj. &
s.m. Brought up in the arms;a darling or

337
favourite child:bagal jn, bagal hona or ho-
jn, v.n. To go aside, get out of the way, make
way:bagal sgn, v.n. lit. 'To smell the arm-
pits'; to be abashed or ashamed, be penitent, to
repent:bagal-k dushman, s.m. Secret enemy,
traitor:bagal-garm karn (-se), To lie (with),
embrace (a woman):bagal-gandh, s.f.
Stinking-armpits:bagal-gr, adj. & s.m.
Embracing; embracer (after the Oriental
fashion);bagal-gr hon (-se), To embrace (by
way of salutation); to clasp, hug;bagal-gr,
s.f. Embracing, clasping;bagal-gr karn, v.t.
To embrace:bagal lagn, v.t. To put on one
side, put out of the way (a horse, carriage,
&c.):bagal-me, adv. At the side, by the side
(of), close by:bagal-me mn dabn, v.n.
To put faith away or aside, to prove faithless or
treacherous:bagal-me dabn, v.t. To
conceal (a thing) under the arm; to carry off (a
thing) under the arm:bagal-me sir n
karna = bagal-me gardan jhukn = bagal-me
muh ln, q.v.:bagal-me len, v.t. To take aff. ], s.m. A small garden (=P. bga,
into the arms, to embrace:bagal-me mrn,
v.t.=bagal-me dabn, q.v.:bagal-me
mun ln, bagal-me muh ln, v.n. To P A ba-gair, prep. Without, exclusive (of, -
hide the head or face, be ashamed or
abashed:bagal hon, v.n.=bagal jn, q.v.:
bagle bajn, v.n. To produce a sound by
placing the hands under the armpits and striking
the arms against them; to flap the wings; to be
highly pleased, be in great glee, be in triumph,
to exult, chuckle, crow (over):bagle
jhkn, v.n. To look blank or foolish; to look
from side to side in shame or discomfiture, be
ashamed, to desire to escape or slink away.
H bagln, v.n. To go aside, move out of A baq (inf. n. of ' to remain,' &c.), s.f.
the way, make way (=bagal ho-jn).
P bagl, adj. Relating to, or belonging to,
the side, or the armpit; axillary; side, at the side,
lateral;s.f. A purse; a small bag for needles
and thread (such being usually carried at the
side; syn. tile-dn);a disorder in camels
(when they rub the thigh against the belly);a
kind of dumb-bell used in exercise; a mode of
playing with foils or fencing-sticks (ans);
a trick in wrestling (slipping away from under
the antagonist's arm);the action of a bird
hiding its head under its wing; a sort of dress,
the bottom of which is under the armpits:
bagl-pe, s.m. Side-screw;bagl takiy, s.m.
Bolster for the sides, or at the sides:bagl
den (-me), To break into a house by
removing a portion of the wall, and so
unbolting the door:bagl ghs, s.m. lit.
'Side-blow'; secret enemy, traitor (=bagal-k
dushman).
H baglol, s.m. A phlegmatic
person; dull, obtuse person.
P A ba-gaur, adv. With reflection,
thoughtfully, attentively.
A bag, adj. & s.m. Rebellious, refractory,
mutmous;rebellion, insurrection, revolt;
tyranny, oppression:bag hon (-se), To rebel
(against), &c.
H bagiy [P. bg+H. iy = S. dim.
aff. ], = H bag [P.
bg+dim. aff. a], s.m. A small garden (=P.
bga, q.v.).
H bag [P. bg+dim. aff. a], =
H bagiy [P. bg+H. iy = S. dim.
q.v.).
ke), excluding; except, besides, independent
(of):ba-gair az, prep. Idem.
H baf, s.m. Scurf, dandriff (syn. rs).
P A ba-fila, adv. At a distance (of); at
intervals; far-removed.
P A ba-faur, adv. Instantly (=fi`l-faur and
faura, q.q.v.).
Remaining; duration, permanence; eternity;
immortality.
A baqql, s.m. (in Arabic and Persian 'a
greengrocer'; but in India), A grain-merchant,
corn-chandler (syn. baniy).
A H baqqln, s.f. The wife of a baqql.
A baqy (pl. of baqya), s.m.
Remainders, remains, balances, arrears, dues;
balance of revenue.
P buqa, s.m. A small bundle (as of clothes,
&c.), wallet, knapsack.
P A ba-qadr, adv. By the power (of), by
means (of); by or in the quantity (of); to the
extent or measure (of).
338
A baqar, vulg. baqra, s.m.f. Ox, bull; cow:
baqar-`d, s.m. A festival held, by
Moammadans, on the tenth of the month -
ijja, in commemoration of Abraham's
readiness to sacrifice his son (Isaac, according
to the Sh`as, but Ishmael, according to the
Mohammadans of the Sunn sect. The Qor`n, it
may be observed, does not mention the name of
the son:syn. `du`-u).
P A ba-qasmya, adv. By oath; on oath.
P buq`a (for A. ), s.m. Place, house.
P A ba-qaf, adv. In or at the back or rear;
behind.
P A ba-qillat, adv. In small quantity, with
scarcity, sparsely.
P baqla (for A. baqlat), s.m. Leguminous useful, serviceable:ba-kr n, v.n. To be of
plant, herb, pot-herb;baqlatu`l-amq, s.m.
lit. 'Fool's herb'; purslane.
A baqam, s.f. Sappan wood, Csalpinia
sappan.
P A ba-qaul, adv. According to the saying
or dictum (of), according to.
A buql (pl. of baql), s.m. Plants, herbs,
pot-herbs.
P A ba-qaid, adv. With the limitation or
restriction (of), restricted by; with the
condition; along with.
P baqya (for A. baqyat), s.m.
Remainder, remnant, residue, balance, &c.
(=bq, q.v.):baqyatu`s-saif, s.m. The
remnant left by the sword.
H bak [S. ], s.m. The heron, Ardea
torra, or A. Nivea (syn. bagl):bak-l, s.f.
'Heron's walk,' slow walk, strut (=bag-l):
bak-dhyn lagn, v.n. To act with
dissimulation.
H bak [rt. of bak-n; S. , rt. ], delighted.
s.f. Prattle, prate, babble, chatter, silly talk,
twaddle, nonsense, raving:bak-bak, bak-jhak,
s.f. = bak:bak-bak karn, bak-jhak karn, v.n.
To prattle, prate, chatter, jabber, &c.:bak-
lagn or lag-jn, v.n. To be talkative or
garrulous, to prate, &c. (=bak-bak karn); to
rave (in delirium), be delirious:bak-lagn, s.f.
Talkativeness, garrulity; raving, delirium;
bak-wd, s.f. Idle or nonsensical talk
(=bakws):bak-wd, s.m. One who talks
nonsense, idle or foolish talker.
H bik [S. ], s.m. Wolf.
H buk, s.f. Tinsel; muslin.
A buk (inf. n. of ' to weep'), s.f.
Weeping, lamentation, wailing, complaint.
H bukk, s.m. Handful, &c.=buk,
q.v.
H bakr [S. +?], s.m.
Account or value of a crop fixed by an
appraiser by word of mouth.
P ba-kr, adj. & adv. In use; for use; of use,
use; come into use.
H bikr [S. ; rt. ], s.m.
Change of form or nature, change, alteration;
change for the worse, deterioration, impairment,
degeneration; change from a state of health,
disease, sickness, disorder, malady; mental
agitation (cf. big).
H bakr [S. +], s.m.
Intelligence forwarded orally; messenger,
courier, fore-runner, harbinger; letter; invoice;
answer (from a person possessed by an evil
spirit):bakr den (-ko), To give an answer,
to answer.
P bakrat (for A. ), s.f. Virginity;
maiden head (=bikr, q.v.).
H bakrn, v.t. To answer, &c.
(=bakr den, q.v.s.v.bakr).
H biks [S. and ],
s.m. Opening, expanding, expansion, expanse;
blossoming, blooming, budding; shining;
display; pleasure, joy;adj. Pleased, happy,
H biksit [S. ], part.
Opened, expanded, blown (as a flower),
budded.
H bikl [S. ], s.m.
Afternoon.
339
P ba-km, adv. According to desire, to P baktar, s.m. Armourer; maker of coats
(one's) desire or object; agreeable to (one's) of mail.
wish.
H bika [S. ], adj. Large,
H bakn, s.f.=bakyan, q.v. great; formidable, hideous, ugly, horrible,
frightful, terrible; difficult, hard, burdensome,
H bikn [S. , rt. hard to be endured.
with ], v.n. To be sold, to sell (=bikn);v.t.
H bika (corr. from the English),
To sell, &c.=bikwn, q.v.
s.m. Picket, guard, watch.
H bik` [S. +], adj. For
H bukka, buka, = H
sale; saleable.
buk, buka, [S. , or
H bik`o [S. ], s.m. Sale, +, rt. ], s.m. Tearing, scratching,
vent. clawing; claw, handful (=bukk):buk
bharn, v.n. To fill the claw or hand (with); to
P bakwal, s.m. Head cook, scratch, claw (=bakon);buk-bhar, s.m.
superintendent of the kitchen, steward, butler; Handful.
cupbearer.
H buk, buka, = H
P H bakwaln, s.f. Wife of a bakwal; a
female bakwal. bukka, buka, [S. , or
+, rt. ], s.m. Tearing, scratching,
P bakwal, adj. & s.f. Relating to a
clawing; claw, handful (=bukk):buk
bakwal;cooking materials.
bharn, v.n. To fill the claw or hand (with); to
scratch, claw (=bakon);buk-bhar, s.m.
H bakyan, bak`in (P. bakyin), Handful.
s.f. Persian Lilac; Bastard Cedar; common
bead-tree, Melia azadiracht, or M. H bak [S. + ], adj.
sempervirens.
Astringent (=baksel).
H bakbak, adj.
P A ba-kasrat, adv. In abundance,
Astringent=kasel, q.v. plentifully.

H bakbakn, v.n. To prate, H buk, = P buka, s.m.= buqa,

&c.=bak-bak karn, q.v.s.v. bak. q.v.

P buka, = H buk, s.m.= buqa,

H bakat, corr. of waqt, q.v.
q.v.

H bikat [S. , rt. with H bak [S. ], s.f. The plant

], s.f. Person, individual; member (of a
household); wife and family.
H bakt [S. , rt. ], adj. & s.m. Serratula, and Conyza, anthelmintica).
Speaking, talking; eloquent; talkative,
loquacious, garrulous;speaker (in general),
talker; teacher, preacher, reader; talkative
person, loquacious or garrulous person
(=bakws).
Vernonia anthelmintica (the seed of which is
used for curing the itch. It is also called
A bikr, s.f. Virginity; maidenhead:bikr
n, v.n. To be deflowered (a virgin); to be
violated:bikr ton (-k), To deflower; to
violate, ravish.

P baktar, s.m. Iron armour, coat of mail, H bakar, bakr, s.m. Ring worn on
cuirass:baktar-posh, adj. & s.m. Clad in the second toe.
armour, armed;one who is clad in armour;
cuirassier. H bakr [S. +], s.m. He-goat.

340
H bikrr, = H H bikasn [S. ], v.n.
bikrl, [S. ], adj. Formidable, hideous, To open, expand; to blow (as a flower), bloom;
to be pleased or delighted, become radiant with
ugly, uncouth, horrible, frightful, terrible
joy; to smile, laugh:bikas-rah-jn, v.n. To be
(=bika).
blighted, to fade, droop; to be displeased.
H bikrl, = H
H baksu` (dim. formed from
bikrr, [S. ], adj. Formidable, hideous, the Eng. 'buckle'), s.m. Tongue of a buckle (cf.
ugly, uncouth, horrible, frightful, terrible baklas).
(=bika).
H baksaila, baksel [S.
H bikram [S. ], s.m. +], adj. Astringent (=bak, baks;
Overpowering, overcoming; heroism, prowess, kasel).
heroic valour; great power or strength;name
of a king (see next).
H bikshoh, s.m.=bihoh, q.v.
H bikramjt [S.
P A ba-kaff, adv. In the hand; in hand (=ba-
+], s.m. lit. 'Valour-sun'; name of dast).
a celebrated Hind king of Oujein (Ujjayin),
and founder of the era called Sawat, which H bakul, bakal [S. ], s.m.
begins 57 B.C. The tree Mimusops elengi (syn. maulsar).

H bakr (fem. of bakr), s.f. She- H bakl, bakal (rt. S. ), s.m.

goat; goat (generally); (met.), a great eater, Speaking foolishly,
gormandizer; idle or lazy fellow; simple person,
simpleton; humble person.
H bakl, bakal, s.m. Confusion;
H bakr [S. , rt. ], adj. mixture; booty, plunder, prey, spoil.
Crooked, curved, bent; entering on an
apparently retrograde course (a planet):bakr H bikal [S. ], adj. Restless,
hon or ho-jn, v.n. To retrograde, recede, go uneasy, troubled (=be-kal).
backward, enter on a retrograde course.
H bukkal, s.f.=bukk, q.v.
H bikr [S. , rt. , with ],
s.f. Sale; demand; selling price; value fixed or H bakkal, bakal, = H
paid:bikr-ba, s.m. Money realized by
bakl, [S. ; Prk. ], s.m. Bark, skin,
sales:bikr-patra, s.m. Deed or hill of sale:
bikr-at, s.m.=bikr-patra:bikr-kht, s.m. rind; inner rind, bast.
Account sales.
H bakl, = H bakkal,
H baks, bakas (corr. from the bakal, [S. ; Prk. ], s.m. Bark, skin,
English), s.m. Box:baks- (or bakas-) wla; rind; inner rind, bast.
s.m. Boxman, pedlar, hawker, huckster (syn.
pher-wl, bist). H bakul, bakl, s.m.=bagl, q.v.

H baks [S. ], adj. Astringent

H bukln, v.n. To talk
(=baksel).
incoherently to oneself, to mutter, to rave; to
talk or act foolishly.
H baksha, s.f. Astringency.
H baklas, s.m. Tongue of a buckle
H bikasit [S. ], part. (=baksu`, q.v.).
Expanded, opened, blown (as a flower);
pleased, delighted. A bukm, adj. Dumb, mute.

341
H bakkam, s.m. Sappan or red nonsensical talker, chatterer, prater (syn. bakk,
bak-wd, bakwh).
wood (=baqam, q.v.).

H bikwn, s.m. Name of a

H bukan (see bukn), s.m. Grinding,
subdivision of the Gaurtags.
pulverizing;powder (=bukn).

H bakwn (caus. of bakn,

H bakn [bak = Prk. ()=S.
+ ], v.n. To prate, chatter, jabber, babble;
to rave; to indulge in obscene or ribald talk; to
rail (at).
H bikn [bik = Prk. () or sold.
()=S. (), pass. of rt. +],
v.n. To be sold, to sell;bik-jn, v.n. intens.
of, and=bikn; (met.) to be dependent (on), be
obliged.
q.v.), v.t. To cause to prate, to make (one) prate,
&c.
H bikwn (caus. of bikn,
q.v.), v.t. To cause to be sold, to have (a thing)
H bukwn (caus. of bukn,
q.v.), v.t. To cause to be ground, pounded, &c.,
to have (a thing) pulverized or powdered.

H bukn [S. ; or , rt. H bakwh (for bakws), s.m.

], v.t. To pound, pulverize, &c.=bkn, (f. -), Prater, &c.=bak-wd and bakws, q.q.v.
q.v.:s.m. Powder (=bukn).
H bakon [S. +, rt.
H bukn (from bukn), s.f. Powder ] v.t. To lacerate or tear with the nails, to
(=ran, r; br); small piece, shred, tatter: claw, scratch (cf. buk).
bukn kar-ln, v.t. To grind to powder, reduce
to powder; to tear to pieces, shreds or tatters. H bakol [prob. S. ; Prk.
], s.m. Piece of blanket, or other cloth,
H bakw [S. ], s.f.=bakws,
&c. used as a covering for the head by ascetics.
q.v.

H bakol, s.f. Name of a green

H bakwd [S. +], = H
caterpillar destructive of rice-crops.
bakwd [S. vk+vd], see s.v.
bak. H bakh, s.m. World, universe.
H bikh, s.m. Poison, &c.=bis, bish,
H bakwd [S. vk+vd], = H
q.q.v.:bikhm, s.m. Name of a medicine or
bakwd [S. +], see s.v. poison.
bak.
H bakh, s.m. Grass kept for
H bakws [H. +aff. ], pasturage.
s.f. Talkativeness, garrulity; nonsensical or
foolish talk (syn. bak-bak; harza-go`);s.m. H bikh, bikkh [S. ?], s.f.
Idle talker, &c.=bakws (for other instances of
Difficulty, trouble, misfortune (syn. bipt).
the use of the affix s, cf. piys; mihs,
ughs, &c.).
H bakhr, s.m. = H
H bakwsan, s.f. = H bakhr, s.f. Storehouse, granary (syn. kht,
bhanr).
bakws, s.m. (see bakws), Idle or
nonsensical talker, chatterer, prater (syn. bakk, H bakhr, s.f. = H
bak-wd, bakwh).
bakhr, s.m. Storehouse, granary (syn. kht,
bhanr).
H bakws, s.m. = H
bakwsan, s.f. (see bakws), Idle or

342
H bakhn [S. , or
H bakhiy, s.m.= baya, q.v.
, Prk. ], s.m. Explanation,
exposition; definition, description, declaration,
account, relation; gloss, comment, H bakhiyn, v.t.=bayn,
interpretation; naming, calling; praise, q.v.
commendation:bakhn karn (-k), To
expound, explain, define, describe, declare, H bakher [S. ; or v.n. fr.
relate; to praise, commend (=bakhnn).
next], s.f. Scattering, &c. (see next); scattered
portion, fallen fragment, anything dropped.
H bakhnn, v.t. To expound,
&c.=bakhn karn, q.v.s.v. bakhn:bakhn H bikhern, bakhern
ln (-ko), To name with opprobrium, to
vilify, abuse (used by women). [S. , rt. with ], v.t. To scatter,
strew, sprinkle, throw about, toss about,
H bakhn, s.f.=bakhn, q.v. disperse; to put in disorder, dishevel (the hair).

H bakhe [S. +, or , rt.

H bakhar, s.m. A kind of hoe or
plough (bkhar, q.v.). +], s.m. Entanglement, complication,
imbroglio, difficulty, hitch: any troublesome or
H bakkhar, bakhar, s.m. Syrup; vexatious business, affair or occurrence;
trouble, care, trial, worry, agitation; obstacle,
oilseed. impediment, encumbrance, clog; (hence) goods,
chattels, furniture; lumber, rubbish;
H bakkhar, bakhar, s.f. House, disagreement, difference, dispute, contention,
&c.=bkhar, q.v. broil, wrangling, altercation, quarrel, brawl,
disturbance, pother, tumult, bustle, uproar;
H bikharn (neut. of bikhern, clever contrivance, dodge, resource, artifice:
bakhe ukn (-k), To settle a dispute; to
q.v.), v.n. To be scattered, strewn, spread,
dispersed; to be sown broadcast; to be finish a troublesome business:bakher ln,
disordered, disarranged, tossed, dishevelled (as bakhe karn, bakhe man (-me), To
hair); to be wasted, spoiled, ruined; to change complicate, make difficult or troublesome,
for the worse, become worse; to become angry throw obstacles (in the way of), raise or create a
or enraged:bikhar-jn, bikhr-jn, difficulty; to bring about a quarrel, &c., cause
v.n.=bikharn. contention.

H bakhr (dim. of bakkhar, or H bakheit, part. Scattered, &c.

bkhar), s.f. House, cottage, hut; round granary (see bakhern);adj. Quarrelsome,
of grass, reeds, and mud, raised on piles. &c.=bakheiy.

H bakhriy, s.m. Householder. H bakheiy, adj. & s.m.

Quarrelsome, contentious, captious;
quarrelsome person, wrangler, brawler;
H bakkhal, s.f. House,
mischief-maker, firebrand; rogue, knave, astute
&c.=bakkhar, q.v. rascal.

H bikham, adj.=bisham, q.v. H bikhay, bikha`, adj. &

s.m.=bishay, q.v.
H bikhah, bikh-h, adj.=bisah,
q.v. H bakk (from bakn), adj. & s.m.
Talkative, garrulous;great talker, prater,
H bakkh, bakh [S. chatterer (=bakws, q.v.).
?+], s.f. Side of the body under the arm-
H bikk, s.m. Partner (at play, &c.).
pit (=bag-pt).

H bikhay, bikhai, s.m.=bishay, q.v.

343
H bukk, s.f. Cloth brought over the disfigurement, defacement; decline, decay;
disorder, disarrangement, disturbance,
shoulders under the armpits and tied behind
confusion; ruin, violation, break, smash; harm,
(=bukkal, q.v.):bukk mrn, v.n. To pass a
injury, damage; defect, blemish, stain, flaw;
cloth under the arm-pits and over the shoulders,
difference, disagreement, discord,
and tie it behind.
misunderstanding, quarrel; defection, rebellion,
revolt, mutiny:big-par n, v.n. To be ready
H bukk (dim. of bukk), s.f. to quarrel;big karn (-k), To harm, spoil;
Handful (=bukk; buk); joining hands; to quarrel; to forfeit friendship.
friendship, intimacy.
H bign [big = Prk.
H bakiy, s.f. Clasp-knife;
() or ()=S. (), caus.
penknife.
of +], v.t. To ruin, spoil, mar, vitiate, &c.
H bakait, s.m. Beau, fop. (see big); to bungle; to break a custom; to
&c.=bkait; bk, q.q.v. cause a misunderstanding (between friends); to
foul (one's clothes):big-den, v.t. Intens. of,
and=bign.
H bakel [S. +], s.m. Twine
made from the root of the hk tree. H big (big+ = S. uka), s.m.
Ruiner, spoiler, destroyer.
H bakelu (bakel, q.v.+ = S. ),
s.m. Root of a grass (mnj, &c.) of which rope H bign, = P bigna, (Zend vi+gna;
is made. S. vi+gua), adj. Strange, &c.=be-gna, q.v.

H bakain, s.f. Cow (or other P bigna, = H bign, (Zend vi+gna;

animal) whose milk has diminished. S. vi+gua), adj. Strange, &c.=be-gna, q.v.

H bag [S. ], s.m. Heron; crane P bignag, s.f. Strangeness, &c.=be-

(=bak; bagl; q.q.v.):bag-pt, s.f. Line or
row of cranes:bag-l, s.f. Slow, measured
walk (like a crane's):bag-ry (S. vaka+rj),
s.m. King of the cranes:bag-has, s.m. The
grey goose.
P bag (Zend, bagha; S. ), s.m. Lord;
master (=beg).
H bugg, adj. & s.m.=bhugg, q.v.
H bagr, s.m. Pasture-ground.
gnag, q.v.
P ba-gh, adv. In time, opportunely,
seasonably.
H bagbagn, v.n. To growl,
to make a gurgling noise (like a
camel)=bagbagn, q.v.
H bag-pt [S. +],
s.f. The side of the body under the armpit
(=bakkh: a dialect. form of bag is bakh; the
word may be connected with the P. bagal).

P bigr, bagr, s.m.=begr, q.v. H bi-gati, bigat [S. +], s.f.

Bad conduct, misdemeanour; badness.
H bugr, s.m.= bugra, q.v.
H bag-u, = H bag-
H bagrn (caus. of bagarn, , (bg, 'rein'+, rt. of n, 'to break'), adv.
q.v.), v.t. To cause to spread, cause to expand; lit. 'With broken rein'; at full gallop (=bag-h,
to spread out or about; to throw away. q.v.):bag-u daun, v.n. To ride full gallop.

H bagrn, v.t.=baghrn, q.v. H bag-, = H bag-

u, (bg, 'rein'+, rt. of n, 'to break'), adv.
H big (fr. bign, q.v.), s.m. lit. 'With broken rein'; at full gallop (=bag-h,
Change for the worse, impairment, q.v.):bag-u daun, v.n. To ride full gallop.
deterioration, corruption, vitiation,

344
H bag-hand (bgh, H bag [S. +], s.m. Evasion,
'tiger'+hand, 'fettering'), s.m. The state of subterfuge, shuffling, cheating, trickery, fraud,
being paralysed with fear at the sight of a deceit:bag karn, v.n. To evade, shuffle,
tiger:bag-hand lagn, v.n. To be paralysed &c.; to avoid the payment of a debt, or the
or petrified with fear at the sight of a tiger. performance of a promise.

H bg-h (bg, 'rein'+h, rt. H big, part. (of bigan) and adj.
of hn, 'to be let go'), adv. With loose rein; (f. -), Impaired, damaged, spoiled; out of
galloping or riding hard, at full gallop:bag- temper, angry, &c. (see bigan);bige dil,
h daun, v.n. To gallop hard, ride full adj. Rebellious, refractory, mutinous; reckless,
gallop. wild, desperate; mad, crazy.

H bagdn (caus. of bagadn), H bign, v.t.=bign: and

v.t. To cause to return; to drive back, put to bikhern; q.q.v.
rout; to mislead, lead astray; to corrupt, ruin,
&c. (=bign). H big`o (v.n. of bign),
H bagadn, v.n. To return; to s.m.=big, q.v.
retreat; to go astray; to be spoiled, &c.
(=bigan). H bigan [biga = Prk.
()=S. (), rt. +], v.n. To be
H bagrn (caus. of bagarn),
changed for the worse, to become worse; to be
v.t.=bagrn, q.v. impaired, deteriorated, defaced, disfigured,
distorted; to take harm, be damaged, injured,
H bagarn, v.n. To be expanded, marred, spoiled, corrupted, vitiated, ruined,
be spread, &c.=bikharn, q.v. destroyed; to fall off; to fail, miscarry; to break
down; to go or turn bad; to get out of order, be
H bigrah [S. +], s.m. War, disordered, tossed, disarranged; to be
mismanaged, bungled; to be wasted,
battle, quarrel, strife.
squandered; to disagree, be at variance, be
estranged, to quarrel; to get out of temper,
H bagar, bagr, s.f. A kind of rice become angry or enraged; to become vicious,
(=baga; bag, q.v.). wicked, or unruly; to rebel, revolt, mutiny:
biga-jn, v.n.=bigarn.
H bagren, s.f. The angular-
leaved physic nut, Jatropha curcas (dialectic H bag, s.f.=baga, q.v.
names are bag-bheren and bagh-dharan).
H big [S. ; or v.n. fr.
H baga, s.m. House; enclosure bigan], s.f. Damage, harm; spoil;
(=bakkhar, bkhar). misunderstanding (between friends),
disagreement; war, battle (cf. bigr).
H baga, corr. of bagal, q.v.
H bagiy (bag+iy = S. ),
H baga, = H bag, s.m. s.m. Shuffler, cheat, deceitful person.
A kind of rice, rice roughly cleaned (divested
only of its outer husk); seed of sesamum. H bagsariy, s.m. Name of a
small clan of Rjpts in the Murdbd district;
H bag, = H baga, s.m. name of a branch of Kanauj Brhmans.
A kind of rice, rice roughly cleaned (divested
only of its outer husk); seed of sesamum. H bigasn, bagasn,
v.n.=bikasn, q.v.
H bag, s.m. Trouble, sorrow
(=dukh). H bagal, s.f.=bagal, q.v.

345
H bagl, bagul, bugl [S. H baghrn [S. , rt.
; or S. +H. dim. aff. l], s.m. Heron; ], v.t. To brown onions and spices in heated
crane, Ardea torra and putea (in Bengal usually oil or gh, as a relish or seasoning for meat, &c.;
called, by Europeans, 'the paddy-bird,' because to season (baghrn consists in heating oil or
of its being commonly found in rice fields): gh, throwing in some onions and other
bagl-bhagat, s.m. False devotee (one whose seasonings, then stirring and rubbing the
acts or observances are like those of a crane), mixture rapidly till thoroughly browned, when
hypocrite (syn. kap), pretender; cunning, artful the meat, &c. to be dressed is added, and the
fellow (syn. makkr). stirring continued).

H baglolo, s.m. Young of a H bigah, s.f. Rent fixed on

bagl. lands per bgh;adv. per bgh (=bigho;
bgho, q.v.).
H bugmr (in S.W. India bak-
mr), s.m. A kind of blunderbuss or musketoon. H bighan, v.n.=bigan, q.v.

H bag-mel (bg, 'rein'+mel, H bighan [S. ], s.m.

'union'), adv. lit. 'With united rein': (charging) Obstacle, impediment, hindrance, obstruction,
all at once, or in a body. stop, prevention, interruption, opposition; any
difficulty or trouble:bighan ln, bighan
H bagn [prob. fr. S. ], v.n. To karn (-me), To throw obstacles (in the way),
move, go; to be in use, be open (as a road). to obstruct, hinder, interrupt, &c.

H bi-gandh [S. ], s.f. Bad H bighan [S. ; rt. with

smell, stench, stink, fetor (syn. bad-bo). ], s.m. Killing, slaying; slaughter, havoc:
bighan karn, bighan man, v.t. To kill, slay,
H bag-nah, s.m.=bagh-nah, q.v. slaughter, make havoc.

H bagl bagol [S. H bighan, bighn [S. ],

s.m. Wolf (=bik).
+], s.m. Whirlwind (=babl; syn.
de`o-bd; gird-bd).
H baghn (contr. of bagh-nah,
q.v.), s.m. Teeth or claws of a tiger (worn as a
H bagol, s.m.=bagl, q.v.
necklace by children as a charm).

H bagaun, bagon, v.n. To float. H bag-has, s.m. See s.v. bag,

'crane.'
H bigon [S. , rt. with
], v.t. To decry, speak ill of, blame, reproach, H bagh-nah [S. + ],
villify, ridicule; to ruin, destroy. s.m. lit. 'A tiger's claw,' or 'made of tigers'
claws' (see baghn); name of a medicinal herb
H bigoy, part. adj. (f. bigo`), with a fragrant root; a kind of perfume.
Decried, blamed, &c.;s.f. Detraction, evil-
H baghw [S. +, or ],
speaking, scandal; ridicule, satire.
s.m. (Prov.), Tiger (=bgh).
H bigh, s.m.=bgh, q.v.
H bigho [S. +], s.f. &
H baghr (v.n. of next, q.v.), s.m. adv.=bigah, q.v.
Heated oil or gh in which onions and spices are
well stirred and browned (prepared as a relish H baggh, bagh, s.f. Horse-fly;
for food); seasoning (syn. haukan, hauk). a kind of gnat.

H baggh, s.f.=bagg, 'A buggy.'

346
 strength; relative importance and
H baghel, = H insignificance:bal-bal kart, adv. With great
effort, or energy, or ardour, ardently,
baghel, [S. , or H. bgh+el or el = ol = zealously:bal-bhadra, adj. & s.m. Strong,
l, S. , dim. aff.], s.m. Tiger's whelp, young powerful;a strong or robust man; name of
tiger; name of a tribe of Rjpts;baghel, s.m. Krishna's elder brother Balrm:bal-bhog, s.m.
A Rjpt of the Baghel tribe. Taking violent or forcible possession of
another's right:bal-be, intj. Bravo! well
done!:bal-bidy = bal-vidy, q.v.:bal-br,
H baghel, = H adj. & s.m. Brave, heroic, valourous; the brave,
baghel, [S. , or H. bgh+el or el = ol = &c.:bal-t, s.m. The male palm, the toddy
tree, Borassus flabelliformis:bal-dr, adj.
l, S. , dim. aff.], s.m. Tiger's whelp, young
Possessing strength, strong, powerful
tiger; name of a tribe of Rjpts;baghel, s.m. (=balwn):bal-dast, s.f. Unauthorized or
A Rjpt of the Baghel tribe. oppressive exaction:bal-dhr, s.m. A
powerful man:bal-dev, s.m. Air, wind; name
H bagg, s.f. A kind of light chaise of the elder brother of Krishna (=bal-rm);a
drawn by one horse, a buggy (=baggh). cowherd:bal-dev, s.f. A species of medicinal
plant (commonly called tryamn):bal-rm,
H bagg, s.f. Horse-fly (=baggh, s.m. Name of the elder brother of Krishna:
bal-rakh, s.m. A person put in charge of
q.v.). property under distraint for arrears of
revenue:bal karn, v.n. To put forth strength,
H bagiy (P. bg+H. iy = S. ), to make an effort:bal-nigrah, s.m. Reducing
= H bag (P. bg+a = a, strength, weakening:bal-wl, adj. & s.m.
Strong, powerful (=balwn); a strong man:
dim.aff.) s.f. Little garden; flower garden.
bal-vidy, s.f. Science of forces, mechanics
(syn. `ilm-e-jar-e-saql):bal-vardhan, adj.
H bag (P. bg+a = a, dim. Increasing power, strengthening; ennobling:
aff.) = H bagiy (P. bg+H. iy = S. bal-han, s.m. lit. 'Destroyer of strength';
phlegm; the phlegmatic humour:bal-hn, adj.
), s.f. Little garden; flower garden. Destitute of strength, weak, infirm:bal-hnat,
s.f. The being destitute of strength, weakness,
H bager, s.f. The ortolan (=bargel, exhaustion, prostration of strength, infirmity
q.v.). (whether from fatigue or age).

H bagel, s.m.=baghel, q.v. H bali, bal [S. , ], s.m.

H bageln, v.t. and v.n. To push,
shove (=hakeln).
S bal, s.m. Power, strength, might,
ability, vigour; force, violence, rigour, severity;
effort, dint, virtue; support; military force, host,
army;semen virile; name of the elder brother
of Krishna (=bal-rm);side, direction, way,
wise (=bhal);difference (of quality, size,
&c.);adv. & postp. By dint (of, -ke), by virtue
or power (of); supported (by), resting (on), on,
(in comp.) -ward, -long (e.g. e-ke bal ghmn,
'to turn round on the heel'; ph-ke bal, 'on the
back,' 'backward'; hai-ke-bal jhukn, 'to lean
on a stick'; sir-ke bal, mthe-ke bal, 'headlong,
head-foremost'; khambh-ke bal kha hon, 'to
be supported on a column, to stand on a
column'; muh-ke bal, 'on the face, forward'):
balbal (S. bala+abala), s.m. Strength and
weakness, comparative strength and want of
Coil, twist, turn, convolution, crook, curl,
wrinkle, skin shrivelled by old age; the fold of
skin in stout persons upon the upper part of the
belly or between the ensiform cartilage and the
navel; crookedness, obliquity; a bracelet (=S.
valaya);oblation, offering, sacrifice, victim;
the offering of a portion of the daily meal of
gh, grain, and rice, &c. to all creatures of every
description (i.e. to gods, semi-divine beings,
men, animals, and even inanimate objects);
name of a celebrated Daitya (also called Mah-
bal), king of Mah-balipura, whose pride was
mortified by Vishnu in the Bman or dwarf
incarnation:bal-bakr (S. bali+varkara), s.m.
lit. 'Goat for sacrifice'; one who dies in battle, or
otherwise, without doing anything:bal-jn,
bal-bal jn, v.n. To be sacrificed; to sacrifice
oneself (for), devote oneself (for, or to; syn.
adqe, or qurbn, or wr jn):bal-dr, adj.
Twisted, coiled, bent, curved, having a turn,
fold, or bend; (in Bot.) convolute:bali-dn,
s.m. Presentation of an offering to a deity,
offering a sacrifice, sacrificing a victim;bali-

347
dn karn (-ko). To offer a sacrifice, &c.:bal
den (-ko), To give a twist (to), to twist, turn,
bend, coil; to present as an offering, to
sacrifice:bal karn, v.n. To turn and twist
(oneself), to wriggle, to strut, swell, assume an
arrogant or insulting air;v.t. To sacrifice, &c.
(=bal den):bal khn, v.n. To be twisted,
turned, wound, bent, &c.:bal-ln, v.n. To
wriggle, &c.=bal karn, q.v.:bali-mukh, s.m.
lit. 'Wrinkled-faced'; a monkey:bal nikaln,
v.n. To have folds or twists taken out or
removed, to become straight or smooth; to have
the pride or conceit taken out (of one), to be
humbled:bali-hr, bal-hr, s.m.=bali-hr, s.f.
Offering, &c.=bali, q.v. (syn. qurbn: adqe):
bali-hr jn, v.n.=bal jn, q.v.
A bal, conj. But, yet, &c.=balki, q.v.
H bil [S. ], s.m. Hole (particularly
of a rat or mouse); burrow:bil hhn, v.n. H bal [S. ], s.m. Bracelet;
To look for a hole to creep into (through fear, armlet (=bal.)
&c.), to wish to escape or hide oneself.
H bil (corr. from the English), s.m.
Bill, money-order, cheque, draft:bil jr
karn, v.n. To issue a draft, draw a bill or
cheque:bil sarkr, s.m. Treasury draft or
order.
H bul, buli, s.f. Pudenda fmin & adv. Without hesitation:bil tawaqquf, adv.
(=bur, q.v.).
S bal, s.f. The medicinal plant Sida
cordifolia, or S. rhomboides, or S. rhombifolia.
A bal (rt. ' to try'), s.f. Trial, affliction,
misfortune, calamity, evil, ill; a person or thing
accounted a trial, affliction, &c.; evil genius,
evil spirit, devil, fiend; a wonderful or
extraordinary person or thing; an awful or
terrible person or thing; an insignificant, or vile,
person or thing; excessive, fearful or awful
amount or quantity (of):bal-bogm, s.m.
Vile trash, trumpery, rubbish:bal-a, bal-
nosh, s.m. One who eats anything vile or
unclean; one who eats offerings and sacrifices;
one who eats anything indiscriminately:bal
dr, lit. 'Far be the evil'; a phrase used to avert
an evil omen:bal-zada, adj. Stricken with
misfortune or evil, overwhelmed with
calamity:bal-k, adj. Trying, troublesome;
fearful, awful, terrible; an excessive or awful
amount or quantity of:bal-kash, adj. & s.m.
Tried, afflicted;afflicted person, sufferer:
bal-gardn, adj. & s.m. Warding off or
averting evil;what averts evil; expiation,
sacrifice:bal len, bal`e len (-k), To
draw the hands over the head of another (and
then crack the fingers over one's own temples)
in token of taking all his (or her) misfortunes
upon oneself (a practice among
women=balaiy len); to devote oneself for
another (syn. adqe hon):bal-nab, adj.
Afflicted, unfortunate:bal-nosh, s.m.=bal-
a, q.v. (N.B. The word bal is often used most
idiomatically in a manner difficult to be
rendered in English; e.g. tumhr bal-se, sc.
km hai, lit. 'It concerns your evil genius'; it is
no concern of yours; what is it to do with you,
never mind:t ky bal hai, 'What awful
thing are you?' Who cares for you? You are of
no significance:kis bal-k km, 'What
fearful or trying work'; what a fearful amount of
work:j to bal mire l hain, 'They have
put in a fearful or tremendous quantity of
chillies to-day.')
H ball [S. +], s.m. Beam;
pole; boat-hook; bat (syn. lah; lagg; an).
H bil, s.m. Hole=bil, q.v.
A bil (bi 'with'+l, 'not'), prep. Without:
bil-angez, adj. Intolerable:bil taraddud, adj.
Without delay, speedily, promptly:bil shak,
adv. Doubtless, undoubtedly,
unquestionably;bil nga, adv. Without
intermission, uninterruptedly, regularly, without
fail, invariably, constantly, continually:bil
wsita, adv. Without reason; without a medium,
directly, immediately:bil wajah, adv.
Without ground or motive, groundless; without
foundation:bil wasws, adv. Without
apprehension; unhesitatingly.
H bill [S. ], s.m. Male cat
(=bil; bil`o).
H bill, s.m. Breastplate or badge
worn by peons, policemen, &c.; any tablet or
flat piece of metal; string confining the hilt of a
sword or dagger to the sheath.
H bull, s.m. Bubble=bulbul, q.v.
P balbar, s.m. A kind of jacket (syn.
apkan).
348
S balbal, s.m. See s.v. bal, S bal, s.m. A particular disease, a
'power.' kind of consumptive expectoration; the
phlegmatic humour.
H bilp [S. ; rt. ], s.m.
A ball`, s.m. Enormous eater, glutton.
Weeping, wailing, lamentation:bilp karn,
v.n. To weep, wail, lament, cry aloud.
P balgat (for A. , inf. n. of ' to be
eloquent,' &c.), s.f. Eloquence; rhetoric;
H bilpn, v.n. To wail, maturity.
&c.=bilp krn, q.v.s.v. bilp.
T bulq, = T bulk, s.m. The septum of
S balt-kr, s.m. Violence, the nose; an ornament worn suspended from the
oppression, exaction; detention of a debtor and septum of the nose, generally set with a pearl or
violence exercised upon him to recover a other gem.
debt:balt-kr-se, adv. Forcibly, violently, by
force. T bulk, = T bulq, s.m. The septum of
the nose; an ornament worn suspended from the
septum of the nose, generally set with a pearl or
S balt-krak, = S
other gem.
balt-kr, adj. & s.m. Doing
anything by force or violence;oppressor, S balk, s.f. A crane.
robber, &c.
H bill, adj.=bilall, q.v.

S balt-kr, = S
H bul-ln, v.t. See s.v.
balt-krak, adj. & s.m. Doing
ouln.
anything by force or violence;oppressor,
robber, &c.
S ballak, s.m. Flacourtia
cataphracta; Carissa carondas.
S baltmik, s.f. The plant
Tiaridium indicum; a species of sun-flower,
H biln [bil = bilw = Prk.
Heliotropium indicum.
() or ()=S. (), caus.
S bal (bala+aa), s.m. A kind of of rt. +], v.n. To vanish, disappear, retire;
bean, Phaseolus mungo. to be effaced, be lost; v.t. To cause to vanish; to
dissipate, dispose of; to apportion, distribute
A bild (plur. of balad), s.m. Cities, towns; (=bn).
countries, provinces, territories; an inhabited
country. H billn [S. ], v.n. To
wail, lament, complain (from grief or pain),
P baldur (=S. ), s.m. The sob, whine, whimper (cf. bilpn).
marking-nut, Semecarpus anacardium (syn.
bhilwan). H buln (caus. of boln), v.t. To
call, send for, invite, bid, summon, cite; to
H billr, bilr [S. ], challenge;to cause to sound, to sound (as a
s.m. Male cat. uqq):bul-bhejn, bul-den, bul-ln,
v.t.=buln:bul-len, v.t. To call,
H bils [S. ; rt. ], s.m. &c.=buln; (and intens) to call off or away.
Pleasure, delight, enjoyment; amorous
dalliance:bils karn, v.n. To take pleasure, S balit, s.f. The lute of
enjoy oneself. Rma.

H bils [S. ], adj. & s.m. H bild, s.f. A span (=bilast, q.v.).
Addicted to pleasure, voluptuous;a
voluptuary, pleasure-seeker.

349
S balnvit (bala+anvita), adj. H ball`, s.m. A kind of village-
Possessed of power, powerful, strong; leading servant for cutting wood and preserving the
an army. village boundaries (cf. balhar).

H bal`o, adj. Cheaply purchased, H bil` [S. ], s.f. A she-cat;

bought at a rate far below the real value, dirt- a grater for scraping pompions, &c.:bil`-
cheap;s.m. A great bargain. kand, s.m. lit. 'Cat's-root'; the shrub Pueraria
tuberosa, or Hedysarum tuberosum (the large
H bil`o, s.m. A tom-cat (=bilr; tuberous roots of which are eaten, and are also
used for poultices and as a cooling medicine; it
bill; qq.v.).
is commonly found in the sub-Himlayan tract
from the Indus to Sikkim, and is exported from
H bulo, = H bulw, Kamaun to the plains:cf. bill-loan).
(v.n. of buln), s.m. Calling, bidding; call,
invitation, summons. H bily, adj. (f. bil`), & s.m.
Corrupt, degenerate, bad;a corrupt person; an
H bulw, = H bulo, impudent person.
(v.n. of buln), s.m. Calling, bidding; call,
invitation, summons. H bilb [S. ], s.m.=bel, q.v.

H bilwa, s.m.=bil; bil`o. P ba-lab, adv. In or on the lip, at or to the

lip.
H bilwal, = H
bilwal, s.f. Name of a rgin or minor mode in H bal-bakr, s.m. See s.v. bali
music; morning song (syn. bhairva). or bal.

H bilwal, = H A bulbul, s.f. (In Persia and Arabia) the

bilwal, s.f. Name of a rgin or minor mode in nightingale; and a certain melodious bird
music; morning song (syn. bhairva). resembling the nightingale; (in India) the fork-
tailed shrike, Lanius boulboul:bulbul-ashm,
bulbul-ashm, s.m. lit. 'Bulbul-eyed'; a kind of
H bulwan, s.m. = H
silken cloth, having a cross-bar border with an
bulha, s.f. =bulw, q.v. eye or dot in each of the diamond squares.

H bulha, s.f. = H H bulbul [S.

], s.m. Bubble;
bulwan, s.m. =bulw, q.v. any frail thing (=budbud).

H balhar, bulhir, s.m. A H balbaln (onomat. cf. S.

low caste servant, a village guide, messenger, or ), v.n. To ferment (as sour milk, curds,
watchman; a caste of fishermen and basket- &c.); to putrefy (=bajbajn); to make a noise,
makers. to low or bubble (as a camel, especially when in
rut); to be in heat, be inflamed with lust; to be
H balh, s.m. A low caste of in a violent rage.
amrs or workers in hides and leather; a
member of that caste (he is also occasionally
employed to measure land). H bilbiln, v.n. To be
restless; to be tormented with pain; to lament,
H bal` [S. 'to cherish'], complain, whine (from pain, grief, hunger,
s.f. Benediction, blessing (=asr-bd); boon &c.), to sob or cry violently (syn. billn and
(=bar). bilakn, q.q.v.).

S baly, bal`e, s.m. A species of H bila-band, s.m. (f. ?)= bila-

tree, Capparis trifoliata. band, q.v.

350
H ballabh [S. ], adj. & s.m.
Dear, beloved;favourite; friend;
superintendent, master.
H balbhn (from ballabh), v.t.
To allure, tantalize (=bilmn).
H bal-be, intj. See s.v. bal, 'power,'
for all compounds.
H bilpn, v.n.=bilpn, q.v.
A buldn, s.m. pl. of balad, q.v.
H P baladna, baldna, s.m. Tax on laden
oxen.
H bald` [S. ++], s.m. A
name of Bala-rma (=bal-dev);bullock-
driver, &c.=baldiy, q.v.
H baladn (from balad), v.t. To
bull (a cow).

H balit [S. , rt. ], part. P balda (for A. , n. of un. from balad),

Surrounded, enveloped; turned, twisted; s.m. A town, a city.
wrinkled.
H baldih` (from balad,
H balt, s.m. See s.v. bal, 'power.' 'oxen'), s.f. Compensation for pasture ground
(see baldiy).
H balat-kr, s.m.=balt-kr, q.v.
H bald, = H baldiy,

H balto [S. 'hair' + [S. +], adj. & s.m. Belonging to

oxen;one who loads bullocks (=bail-ladaiy,
'breaking'], s.m. Boil, sore; pimple (=bl-to;
bail-ldne-hr); bullock-driver; drover;
phuiy).
cowherd; grain-merchant.
H bilan [S. + (?)+],
H baldiy, = H bald,
v.n. To become bad, &c. (=bigan, q.v.); to be
effaced, lost, &c. (=nash hon);to insist [S. +], adj. & s.m. Belonging to
(upon), persist (=maaln). oxen;one who loads bullocks (=bail-ladaiy,
bail-ldne-hr); bullock-driver; drover;
H bil (Eng. 'bill'+dim. aff. ), s.f. cowherd; grain-merchant.
Bill of lading.
H baldiy, s.m.=baldiy, q.v.
H bilan [S. ; rt. ],
v.t. To mark (a passage in a book) for the H bilr, s.m. A tom-cat (=bilr); a
purpose of extracting; (hence) to extract, select, kind of cloth.
cull, pick out (passages from books).
H bal-rn [S. +], s.f.
P A ba-liz, adv. In respect (of), in Child-widow, a widow who loses her husband
consideration (of), with regard (to). while she is very young.

P bal [Pehl. bakhr; Zend bkhdhi; S. A balasn, vulg. balsn, s.m. Balsam, balm
bhlka], Name of the province of Bactriana, of Gilead.
and of the chief town of the province.
H bilast [S. ], s.m. A span
P bal, adj. Of or belonging to Balkh,
from Balkh: made in Balkh. (=bilisht).

A balad, s.m. City, town; country. H bilasn [S. ; rt. ],

v.n. To be pleased or delighted; to derive
H balad [S. +, 'Strength-giving'], pleasure (from), take delight (in), to enjoy
s.m. Bull; bullock, &c. (=barad, baradh, qq.v.); (oneself).
horned cattle; burden-bearing bullock.
H balsundar (bl
S bali-dn, s.m. See s.v. bali, bal. 'sand'+sundar), s.m. (?), A kind of sandy soil in

351
the district of Azimgarh; clay much mixed with advance; cutting ears of corn without going
sand. through the usual process of reaping.

H bilash [S. ], adj. H balka, s.f. A tax exacted (in

Astonished, surprised; ashamed, abashed; former times) at the commencement of reaping.
embarrassed.
P bilish, = P bilisht, s.f. A span, the H balkal [S. ], s.m. Bark
extent from the tip of the thumb to that of the
(=bakl, q.v.); cloth or garment made of bark.
little finger, when the hand is outstretched.

P bilisht, = P bilish, s.f. A span, the H balkan, conj. corr. of balki, q.v.
extent from the tip of the thumb to that of the
little finger, when the hand is outstretched. H balakn (rt. S. ; cf.
balbaln), v.n. To speak indistinctly (through
S balishha, adj. Strongest, most excessive joy, or through intoxication); to
powerful; very strong. mouth (one's) words; to bubble, boil
(=ubaln);v.t. To open.
H bilashn, v.n.=bilakn; and
v.t.=bilakhn; qq.v. H bilakn (bilapn, by change of
p to k), v.n. To sob or cry violently (as a child);
P bulgr, s.m. (?), Bulgaria; perfumed to wail, whine, pule (=bilpn, q.v.).
leather, Russia leather.
H bilakn [S. +; rt.
A balgam, s.m. Phlegm (one of the humours
], v.n. To cling (to), take fast hold (of),
of the body); running at the nose from cold:
balgam-k po, s.m.f.=balgam, q.v. catch, grasp.

A balgam, adj. & s.m.f. Of, or relating to, H bilakn [S. +], rt.
phlegm; phlegmatic; corpulent, blubbered; ], v.n. To long (for), crave (after), desire
lubberly;a heavy, sluggish person.
eagerly.
A balqs, s.f. Name of the queen of Sheba
P balki, balke (A. bal+P. ki), adv. & conj.
(according to the Musalmns).
Moreover, but, nay, nay but, nay rather, on the
contrary.
H baluk, conj.=balki, q.v. (and cf.
baruk). H bilkhn, v.t.=bilkn, q.v.
P bilak, s.m. Present, gift; fresh fruit, or new
dress, &c. at the sight of which one is pleased. H bilkhariy, s.m. Name of a
tribe of Rjputs (so called from Bilkhar in
P bilik (cf. bilakn), s.m. (?), Seizing Oudh).
anything with the hand or claws; adhesiveness.
H bilakhn, v.n. To sob,
P buluk, s.m. A large prominent eye.
&c.=bilakn, q.v.; to be displeased.
P bilk, s.m. (?) Spark (of fire); fire.
H bilakhn [S. ], v.t.
H bilkn (caus. of bilakn), v.t. To look at, behold, see, perceive (=dekhn);
v.n. To get out of sight, disappear, vanish; to
To make (a child) cry violently.
melt or fade away.

H balkw (v.n. from balakn),

H bilag (fr. bilagn, q.v.), adj.
s.m. Indistinct utterance; affected or distorted
Separate, detached;s.m. Separation, disunion,
language.
difference:bilag mnn, v.n. To be
displeased, offended, or angry.
H balka (bl, 'ear of corn'+ka,
from kan, 'to be cut'), s.m. (?), Rent taken in

352
H bilgn (caus. of bilagn,
q.v.), v.t. To separate, sunder, divide, detach, H bilambn [S. ],
disjoin (alag karn). v.n. To stay, tarry, delay, &c. (=bilamb rahn;
bilamb karn); to procrastinate.
H bilg`o, s.m. = H
H bilambh, s.m.=bilamb, q.v.
bilg`, s.f. (v.n. of bilgn),
Separating, parting; separation.
H bilambhn, v.n.=bilambn;
H bilg`, s.f. = H biramn; qq.v.
bilg`o, s.m. (v.n. of bilgn), Separating,
parting; separation. H balamer, ballamer (corr. of
the English), s.m. Volunteer.
H balgan [S. ], s.m.
Sobbing; sob (cf. balakn). H bilamn, v.n.=bilambn;
biramn; qq.v.
H bilagn [bilag = Prk.
S balin, adj. (f. -in), Strong,
()=S. (), pass. (used actively)
powerful, &c. (=bal);s.m. Hog; bull; camel;
of rt. + ], v.n. To be separated; to separate, a kind of pulse, Phaseolus radiatus; a sort of
part, &c. (=alag hon); to curdle, turn (as jasmine, Jasminum pubescens.
milk=bilon).
S balin, adj. Wrinkled, shrivelled;
H bilagn, v.t.=bilangn, q.v.: flabby, flaccid.
bilag-jn, Idem.
H baln [S. , or +; H. bal
H bilall [S. ++; rt. ], 'twist'], To twist, turn (=bal den); to braid,
adj. & s.m. (f. -), Stupid, foolish, silly;dolt, plait, weave
blockhead, idiot, fool; slattern.
H baln [S. ], v.n. To burn
H bilaln, v.n.=billn, q.v. (as fire the heart, &c.); to be lighted (a lamp,
&c.=barn).
H balam, ballam [S. ], s.m.
Lover; husband. P buland, baland, adj. High, lofty, tall;
elevated, exalted, sublime; loud (syn. ):
buland-pya, adj. Of high rank:buland-
H ballam [S. +], s.m. A kind
auila, adj. Ambitious, aspiring, enterprising;
of short spear; pike, lance:ballam-bardr, large-minded, magnanimous:buland-rutba,
s.m. Spearman, lancer. buland martaba, adj. Of high rank or dignity;
high in rank, &c.:buland karn, v.t. To lift,
H bilam, s.m.=bilamb, q.v. raise, raise up, elevate (syn. karn,
un):buland-nazar, adj. Of exalted views,
H balm, s.m.=balam, q.v. aspiring:buland-himmat, adj. Of lofty
intention, high-minded, ambitious;buland-
himmat, s.f. High-mindedness; magnanimity;
H bilmn (caus. of bilamn, ambition:buland hon, v.n. To rise up,
q.v.), v.t. To keep back, delay, detain, withhold. become high, ascend, mount, soar.

H bilmn, v.t.=birmn, q.v P buland, baland, s.f. Height, elevation,

loftiness, eminence, exaltation; pride; loudness;
high land.
H bilamb [S. ], s.m.
Slowness, tardiness, delay, prolonged time, H bilangn [S. ], v.t.
long stay; procrastination:bilamb rahn, v.n.
To leap up to, to catch or seize by leaping up to;
To remain a long time, to delay, dally:bilamb
to ascend to, rise towards, to climb.
karn, v.n. To delay, tarry, be late, &c.=bilamb
rahn and bilamn.

353
H bilangn [S. ], v.n.
A P billaur, bilaur, bilor, = A P
To hang on (by), to hang, swing.
billaurn, bilaurn, bilorn, adj. Made of crystal,
or of glass; crystalline.
H billangn, bilangn
(fem. of bilangn, q.v.), s.f. A rope stretched A P billaurn, bilaurn, bilorn, = A P
across a room, &c., or a rod or pole suspended billaur, bilaur, bilor, adj. Made of
horizontally, for hanging clothes on (syn. crystal, or of glass; crystalline.
argan, algan, alagn).
H bilon [S. ; rt.
S balin (fem. of balin). s.f. A
], v.t. To stir, shake, agitate, to churn.
powerful female;the plant Sida cordifolia.
A ballt, vulg. balt, s.m. The oak, Quercus
H biln, s.f. Disorder of the eyelids; ilex, or Q. baloot; an acorn;chestnut-tree
stye (=anjanhr). (=shh-ballt).

H bal`, baluw [S. ], A bulg, s.m. (inf. n. of ' to reach'), = P

adj. Sandy; gritty. bulgat, s.f. (for A. ), Maturity,
puberty, full age, adolescence, manhood,
H balw [S. +], s.m. Riot, attaining of a marriageable age.
tumult, disturbance, insurrection, sedition,
P bulgat, s.f. (for A. ), = A
rebellion, mutiny:balw karn, v.n. To riot,
bulg, s.m. (inf. n. of ' to reach'), Maturity,
raise a tumult or disturbance; to rebel, mutiny.
puberty, full age, adolescence, manhood,
attaining of a marriageable age.
S balwn, adj. Strong, powerful,
able-bodied, stout, robust, lusty, athletic; firm, P bulgyat (for A. +), s.f. The
valid. coming of age, adolescence, &c. (=bulgai).

H bulwn (caus. of buln), v.t. H bilokan, s.m. The act of

To cause to call; to cause to be sent for; to send seeing, &c. (see next); sight, view, regard,
for, summon, &c. (=buln):bulw-bhejn, inspection.
bulw-len, v.t. To send for, &c.=bul-bhejn,
&c., q.v.s.v. buln. H bilokn [S. ; rt.

H balwnt, s.f. Powerfulness, ], v.t. To look at, look on or upon, behold,

strength (=bal, and balwatt, q.v.). regard, view, observe, consider, examine,
inspect; to perceive, see, spy, discern.
S bal-vat, adj.=bal-wn, q.v
H bilkh [S. +, or ],
A balvatt, s.f. Stoutness, firmness, s.m. Opening, rent, fissure, crack, crevice.
strength, power.
H ball, s.m. Bubble (=bulbul,
H bilau [S. ++], s.m. q.v.).
A basket in which betel leaf is placed (=bilhard,
q v.). H bilul, adj. (f. -), Slovenly;
awkward; bad.
H bilau, s.m. Young cat, kitten
(cf. bill; bilr). H bilon [S. ], v.t. To
A billaur, bilaur, vulg. billor, bilor, s.m. shake, &c.; to churn (=bilon, q.v.).
Rock-crystal, crystal; crystal-glass; cut-glass;
beryl, Aqua marina:billaur-s, adj. Like S balwant, adj. Strong,
crystal; crystalline. &c.=balwn, q.v.

H balrn, v.t. To tear (with the H balwand, adj. dialect. form of

nails), to scratch. balwant, q.v.

354
H bilaung, s.f. A species of S bal, adj. Mighty, powerful, &c.=bal-
grass. wn, q.v.

H bilon (from bilon), s.f. H bal, s.f. Wrinkle, &c.=bali, bal, q.v.
Churning-vessel, churn.
H ball [S. ], s.f. Climber,
H bilowan, v.t.=bilon, q.v. creeper; vine.

H bilowan, s.f.=bilon, q.v. H ball (dim. of ball, q.v.), s.f.

H bilo`iy (bilo-, rt. of
bilon,+iy = S. ), s.m. One who churns,
churner.
Rafter; pole; prop; the pole or bamboo with
which a boat is propelled, or steered:ball
mrn, v.n. To propel, or to steer (a boat).
P
bale, adv. Yes, true, even so, well, right

A balah, adj. Simple, foolish, silly, of little H bill [S. ; cf. bill], s.f.
sense, without discrimination; weak in intellect;
Female cat, cat (in general):bill ulnghn,
ignorant; unskilful (=ablah, q.v.).
v.n. To come across a cat (considered an evil
omen for one setting out on a journey):bill-
H balihr, = H loan, s.m. Valerian (so called from its effect on
balihr, See s.v. bali, bal. cats, which are so delighted with its fragrance
as to roll about in their ecstasies);the herb
H balihr, = H Melissa.
balihr, See s.v. bali, bal.
H bill, s.f. Sliding bolt, bolt, latch,
H bila-band, s.m. Disposition of door-catch, bar.
lands, revenue, &c. under different classes or
heads; regulation, settlement (bila is said to be H balai`, s.m. Name of a disease;
corr. from the A. wilya). name of a forest in Faibd.

H bila-band, s.f. An account of H balaiy (A. =)bal, q.v.:

the settlement of a district (specifying the name balaiy len = bal`e len, q.v.s.v. bal.
of each maal, the farmer of it, and the amount
at which it is let, &c.). A balyt (plur. of balyat), s.f. Evils, trials,
afflictions, calamities, misfortunes.
H bilhar, bilahr, s.m. = H
A bald, adj. & s.m. Stupid; simpleton,
bilhar, bilahr, s.f. [S. +], A
blockhead, dunce.
long narrow box or basket, generally used for
holding pn or betel-leaf.
H balesar, s.m. Name of a
subdivision of the Gjar tribe (see Gjar).
H bilhar, bilahr, s.f. = H
bilhar, bilahr, s.m. [S. +], A balg, adj. Eloquent; mature; copious.
A long narrow box or basket, generally used for
holding pn or betel-leaf. P balela, s.m. A fruit, the belleric
myrobalan.
H bilahr [S. ++], s.f.
A ladle for taking out oil. H bill-loan, s.m. See s.v.
bill 'cat.'
H balahn = ulahn, q.v.
H bale [S. +], s.m.
H balh [S. ], s.f. Roll or Whirlwind.
cylindrical mass; bundle, fagot (syn. ; bhr).

355
H bale [S. ++], s.m. H bimb [S. ], s.m. Disc of the
Ridge-pole (of a thatched house); thatched sun or moon; reflected form, reflection,
covering forming a verandah or porch (syn. shadow, image, picture; a plant bearing a
baran; osr). bright-red gourd, Momordica monadelpha; the
fruit of this plant.
H bale, s.f. Ridge-pole
(=bale, q.v.). H bamb (cf. bam; Port. pompa; A.
mamba`), s.m. Fount, well; pump; fire-
S bal-vard, s.m. Ox, bull, engine;boss or nave, large nave.
&c.=balad, q.v.
H bimb [S. ], s.f. The plant
S balya, adj. Powerful, strong, Momordica monadelpha (=bimb).
vigorous (=balvn); strengthening,
invigorating;s.m. semen virile. H bimbuk [S. +], adj.
Red, fiery, flame-coloured.
H bam [S. ], s.f. Spring of water;
fountain; pump:bam-pulis, s.m. A latrine. H bamb [S. +], s.m.
Bamboo, Bambusa Arundinacea; a species of
H bam [S. ], s.f. The space cane; a reed pipe used by opium-smokers:
bamb bakss, s.m. lit. 'Cane-present'; caning,
between the tips of the fingers of either hand beating (a phrase used by Europeans in reply to
when the arms are outstretched, a fathom; a
a request for bashish or a present).
measuring rod of three and a half cubits; the
pole, or shaft, of a carriage. H bamb, s.m. (?), Name of a
disease in elephants (ulceration above the nails
H bam (prob. a corr. of Brahma), A term of the feet or lower parts of the extremities).
used by Hind pilgrims in salutation, or as an
ejaculation addressed to iva (always with the H bamb, s.f. Navel (cf. bamb).
name Mahde`o, e.g. bam bam Mahde`o).
H bamba`, s.f. The city of Bombay
P bam, s.f. Bass (in Music); deep, bass, tone (=bama`).
or sound; bass string (of a lute, &c.); deep-
toned drum:bam bajn, To beat a drum; to
raise a shout, to hurra; to be noised abroad: H bamtele, s.m. Name of a tribe
bam baj-jn, Idem:bam man, v.n. To of Rjpts (of low repute) in the Do`b.
make a noise.
P A ba-misl, adj. Like, resembling.
H bimtra [S. ], s.f.
P A ba-mujarrad, adv. On a mere, simple,
Stepmother.
or single (order, glance, &c.); on the instant
(of), instantly, immediately, forthwith.
P A ba-mdda, adv. On the subject (of), in
the matter (of); by reason (of).
P A ba-madad, prep. By or with the aid (of),
by means (of).
H bimr, adj.=bmr, q.v.
P A ba-martaba, adv. To or in a degree; to
H bimn [S. ], s.m. Car or a great degree, by many degrees, ever-so-much
chariot of the gods (sometimes serving as a seat (syn. ba-darja; kah).
or throne, and at others carrying them through
the skies self-directed and self-moving); car or P A ba-murr, adv. In the lapse (of); ago.
vehicle (generally); ornamental bier (on which a
Hind corpse is borne to the place of H bimarih, adj. Sickly,
cremation). &c.=bmr, q.v.

H bamb, s.m. Revenue defaulter, one H bam (P. bam+H. dim. aff. r),
who owes a balance to the State. s.f. Wailing, lamentation;intj. Alas!:bam
mrn, v.n. To bewail the dead, wail, lament (in

356
the Hind fashion, viz. by uttering loud cries or H bimon [S. , rt.
wails and slapping the mouth with the hand at
the same time). ], v.t. To liberate, free, loose, untie, let
loose, release, emancipate.
P A ba-ma`a, = P A ba-ma`, adv.
Together with, along with. H bimoh [S. ], s.m.
Temptation, allurement, seduction.
P A ba-ma`, = P A ba-ma`a, adv.
Together with, along with.
H bamhan, s.m.=bhman, brhma,
P A ba-muqta`e, adv. According to qq.v.:bamhan-gaur, bahman-gaur, s.m. Name
the requirements of, by the exaction of; in of a class of the Gaur Rjpts.
consequence of, conformable to; through.
H bamhan, bamhn, s.f. Light red
H bamakn, v.n. To swell (cf. soil.
waram karn).
H bamhaniy, s.m. Name of a
H bi-mukh [S. ], adj. With subdivision of the Kh tribe.
the face averted, turned (from); averse (to),
disinclined; opposed (to), hostile; disappointed; H bamhanet, s.m. A young
unpropitious. Brhman (=brhmae, q.v.).

H bimal [S. +], adj. Free from H bamh [S. +], s.m.
stain, white, clear, clean, spotless, stainless, Ant-hill; snake's hole (cf. bb).
unpolluted, undefiled, uncontaminated,
immaculate, pure.
H baml, Name of a kind of grass.
H baml (bam+dim. aff. l), s.m.
Hole from which water springs up, source, H ban [S. ], s.m. (f. ?), Forest,
fount (cf. bam). jungle, wood, grove, copse, brake; cotton-field;
cotton crop:ban-bs (S. vana+vsa), bano-
H baman [S. , rt. ], s.m. bs, s.m. Living in a wood, residence in a
forest; wild or unsettled manner of life;
Vomiting; vomit; emetic:baman karn, v.n. banishment, exile;one who lives in a wood,
To vomit. &c. (=next):ban-bs, adj. & s.m. Dwelling in
a forest or wood; dweller in woods, inhabitant
H baman, bamman, s.m.=bhman, of a forest, forester; hermit, anchorite;s.f.
brhma, qq.v. Life of a hermit:ban-bil`o, s.m. ban-bill, s.f.
(S. vana+vila), A kind of wild cat, Felis
H bamn [S. , rt. ], v.n. caracal:ban-bihr (S. vana+vihra), s.m.
Wandering or sporting in the woods or
To vomit;v.t. To vomit up or forth.
forests:ban-bh (S. vana+bhak), s.m.
The wild egg-plant, Solanum melongena:
P A ba-manzila, adv. In loco, in the place
ban-prasth, adj. & s.m. Retiring into a forest,
(of), instead; in or to the station or degree:ba-
leading the life of an anchorite;hermit,
manzila`e m bp, In loco parentis.
anchorite:ban-pau, s.m.f. Forest animal,
wild animal, wild beast:ban-phal, s.m. Forest
H baman, bammann, fruit, wild fruit:ban-tura`, ban-turo`i, s.f. A
s.f.=bhman, brhma, qq.v. wild species of the Luffa (or Cucumis)
acutangula:ban-tariy, s.m. Name of a class
P A ba-mjib, adv. By reason (of, -ke), of people who formerly acted as wood-rangers
on account (of), in pursuance (of); in in Gorakhpur:ban-ttar, s.m. The sand-grouse
accordance (with), according (to), in conformity (=barr-ttar, q.v.):ban-jtr (S. vana+ytr),
(with); as per. s.f. Pilgrimage through the eighty-four forests
of the Braj country:ban-jtr, s.m. A pilgrim
who makes the above pilgrimage:ban jhn,
v.n. To beat the forests or woods:ban-ar,
adj. & s.m. Moving or living in a forest or

357
wood, sylvan, wild, savage;any creature, or rendered by the Eng. neg. prefixes un-, in, or by
wild animal, that inhabits the jungle; monkey; the affix -less):bin ` marn, v.n. To die a
forester woodman; wild man, savage:ban- premature, or a sudden, death (see `):bin-
ar, s.f. A kind of high jungle grass of which boy, adj. Unsown, uncultivated, wild,
elephants are very fond:ban-devt, s.m. spontaneous (=an-boy; ud-rau):bin-jne,
Forest-god or divinity:ban-sa, s.f. Wood of adv. Without knowing, unwittingly,
the cotton tree (used for fuel, and in the sides of unconsciously:bin-jut, adj. Unploughed:
grain-carts):ban-salm, s.f. Fee exacted by bin-dt-wl, adj. & s.m. Toothless;a
the landlord from the cultivator for permission toothless person:bin-dne-pn, adj. Without
to collect the juice of the forest date-trees: meat and drink, without eating and drinking:
ban-ka, ban-ka, s.f. Fee paid for cutting bin-dhan, adj. Without wealth, indigent,
timber in a forest; the right obtained by clearing poor:bin-dhyn, adv. Without meditation,
a jungle and bringing it under cultivation; without reflection, unthinkingly,
cleared land:ban-kan, s.m. Dried cow-dung inconsiderately:bin-dekh, adj. & adv.
found in forests (and used as fuel):ban-kar, Unobserved, unseen:bin-swrth, adv.
s.m. Produce of jungle or forest lands (e.g. gum, Uselessly, fruitlessly, to no purpose:bin mre
honey, &c.); revenue from woods and tauba karn, v.n. To fear without a cause; to cry
forests:ban-kas, s.m. Grass used in making out before being hurt:bin-mare shahd hon,
ropes:ban-khar, s.m. Land on which cotton bin teg shahd hona, v.n. To be slain without a
has grown during the past season:ban-kha, wound (said of lovers).
s.m. Wood, forest:ban-khan, s.m. Name of
a forest in India:ban-gauh, ban-goh (S. A bin (from ibn, rt. ' to build,' s.m. Son.
vana+go+vishh), s.m.=ban-kan, q.v.:ban-
mh (S. vana+makshik), s.m. Gad-fly; the A bun (prop. bunn), s.m. Coffee, before it is
jungle bee, wild-honey bee:ban mrn, roasted and ground (when ground it is called
v.n.=ban-jhn, q.v.:ban-ml, ban-ml, s.f. qahwa).
A garland of wild flowers (usually of the tuls,
the kund, the mandr, the prijt, and the saro- P bun [Pehl. bun; Zend buna; S. ], s.f.
ruh or lotus), reaching down to the feet; the Ground, foundation, basis, root, stem (cf.
chaplet worn by Krisha:ban-ml, adj. & bunyd); bottom, end, tip.
s.m. Having or wearing a ban-ml; one who
wears a ban-ml; an epithet of Krisha:ban- H bann, v.n. See bann.
mnus (S. vana+mnusha), s.m. Wild man of
the woods; the ourang-outang; the Lemur
tardigradus:ban majhn, v.n. To traverse H ban (perf. part. of bann), adj. (f. -),
the forest, &c.=ban-jhn, q.v.:ban-vs, Made, formed, done, got ready, prepared,
s.m.=ban-bs, q.v.:banotsarg (S. constructed, composed; finished, completed;
vana+utsarga), s.m. Name of a ceremony (much fixed, settled, established; well arranged, in
resembling a marriage ceremony) performed in good order; well-to-do, prosperous, wealthy;
honour of a newly-planted orchard, and without healthy, robust, strong, stout, plump; hoaxed,
which it is not proper to partake of its fruit: cajoled; alloyed, counterfeit, fictitious,
ban-yuwati, s.f. A female residing in a forest or spurious, forged; artificial, not real, sham,
jungle. mock, false, invented, fabricated;s.m.
Bridegroom (=bann); darling; marriage
H ban, bun [S. ; or perhaps the song;land dressed and ready for the seed:
ban-bany, adj. (f. ban-ban`), Ready made,
rt. of bunn, q.v.], s.f. Price paid for pasturage; finished, complete, perfect, entire;ban-
remuneration for harvesting (usually one bundle
han, adj. (f. ban-han), Dressed out, got up,
out of a certain fixed number); quantity of grain
decked out, elaborately adorned (=ban-han):
given for a day's weeding, or for other daily
ban-un, adj. (f. ban-un), Arranged, set in
labour (usually two and a half or three seers;
syn. bann, ban). order; decked out, &c.=ban-han, q.v.:ban
rahn, bane rahn, v.n. To remain waiting, to
wait, attend, remain in attendance, or at one's
H ban, past conj. part. (of bann) = post; to continue, be maintained, remain
bankar, q.v. unaltered, last long, be permanent, remain for
ever; to do well, thrive, prosper, continue in
H bin [S. ; H. also bin], prep., good condition.
postp., & prefix, Without, exclusive of,
wanting, except (it may often be conveniently

358
H ban, past conj. part. (of bann), H bins [S. ; rt. with
Having made, having prepared, &c. (see ], s.m. Disappearance, destruction, utter loss,
bann; syn. ban-kar, ban-ke):ban-ln,
ruin, death, annihilation:bins karn, v.t. To
v.t. To prepare, or get ready, and bring; to
wipe out, efface, ruin. spoil, destroy, annihilate.
settle, manage, arrange, accomplish.

A bann (rt. ' to build'), s.m. Mason, H bans-patt, bans-pat [S.

builder. , gen. of +], s.f. Forest leaves;
wild fruit; grass, herbage, vegetation, the
A bin (inf. n. of ), s.f. Building, structure, vegetable kingdom.
edifice; foundation, basis, base; ground,
footing, motive; root, source, origin; beginning,
commencement:bin-bar, prep. On account H binsn, v.t. To ruin, destroy,
of, owing to, by reason of (=bar`e; liye); &c.=bins karn, q.v.s.v. bins.
bin-bar-n, adv. On this account, for this
reason, therefore, with this view or intent: H bin, s.m.=bins, q.v.
bin ln (-k), To lay the foundation (of), to
found, establish; to begin, originate, start, set on
H binn, v.t.=binsn; bins
foot.
karn, q.q.v.
H bin [S. ], prep. & postp.
H banfir, s.m.=bannphir, q.v.
Without, &c.=bin, q.v.
P bungosh, vulg. bingosh
H binn, v.t. See binn. (bun++gosh, q.q.v.), s.m. The tip of the ear,
the lobe of the ear.
H bunn, v.t. See bunn.
H bunla (from bunn), s.m. The
A P bin-bar, ban-bar, prep. See s.v. bin, woof of lace.
'foundation.'
P ba-nm, adv. In the name (of); to the
address (of).
H bannphir, s.m. Name of a
tribe of Rjpts.
H bann [caus. of bann, q.v.], v.t.
A bant, s.f. pl. (of bint, fem. of ibn or To make, form, fashion, shape, mould, create,
bin, rt. ), Daughters:bant-e-nabt, s.f. The prepare, get ready, manufacture, construct,
tender herbage:bantu`n-na`sh, s.m. The compose, build, fabricate, invent, do, perform,
constellation of the Greater or Lesser Bear finish, complete; to repair, mend, rectify, adjust,
(consisting of seven stars, four of which are adorn, decorate, deck, trim; to colour, paint,
conceived to bear the resemblance of a na`sh or polish; to cause to agree, make harmonize, to
bier, and the remaining three to be the bant or reconcile; to pluck (a fowl); to dress or cook
daughters preceding it). (food); to put on, assume (a look, air, &c.), to
feign, pretend; to mock; to hoax:ban-den,
ban-len, v.t. intens. forms of, and=bann (for
H bant, bannt, s.f. Broad-
ban-ln, see s.v. past conj. part. ban).
cloth=bant, q.v.
H ban-n, v.n. See s.v. bann.
H bant, bannt, adj. Woollen;
made of broad-cloth.
H , ban`o (v.n. from ban-
A bandir (A. pl. of P. bandar), s.m. pl. `on), s.m. Preparation, formation, composition,
Ports, harbours. fabric, &c. (=banwa, q.v.); dressing,
preparing, decking (oneself); decoration,
embellishment, adornment; good
H banras [S. ], s.f. The
understanding, harmony, concord, mutual
holy city Benares. agreement (of persons, things, or qualities),
reconciliation; adjustment, amendment,
correction, remedy:ban`o karn (-k), To
adorn, bedeck, ornament, decorate,

359
embellish:ban`o hon (-se), A good band or riband studded with spangles; gold or
understanding to exist (between or with), to be silver lace or edging worn on a cap or mantle.
on good terms, get on well (together).
H binat [S. ], part. Sunk down,
H banwa [S. + ], s.f. drooping, inclined, bowed, bent, curved,
Make, structure, construction, build, formation, crooked, stooping; cast down, prostrate,
composition, manufacture, workmanship, work; humble, modest;s.f. Bending or bowing low,
frame, form, fashion, figure, shape, mould, &c.=bint, q.v.
conformation, formation, appearance;
fabrication, invention, contrivance, art, artifice, A bint (fem. of ibn; rt. ), s.f.
affectation; fiction, sham, pretence; forgery, Daughter:bintu`l-`inb, s.f. Daughter of the
counterfeit; show, display, embellishment, get grape, wine.
up.
H banit [S. ], s.f. Woman;
H binwa, bunwa beloved woman, wife, mistress.
(from binn or bunn), s.f. Weaving; knitting;
texture. H binat, bint [Prk. =S.
+], s.f. Bowing down, bending low;
H banwar (perhaps for
humility, modesty; submission; apology;
banwa), s.f. Getting ready, preparing; solicitation, entreaty, supplication, petition:
preparation; art, skill, dexterity. bint karn (-k), To entreat (of), beseech,
implore, supplicate, &c.;bint-kar, adv.
H ban`on, v.t.=bann, q.v. Supplicatingly, beseechingly.

H bin`, bun` (from binn, H ba [S. ], s.m. Share, part,

bunn), s.f. Weaving, knitting;price paid for division, &c. (=ba; b; qq.v.).
weaving, &c. (=bunw`).
H ban [S. +; rt. ], s.m. A
H bany, perf. part. (of bann), large brass water-pot.
Made, &c.:bany jn, v.n. To be making,
be in hand (e.g. bany jt hai, 'It is being H ban, v.t. To cause to be
made').
shared; to distribute, share, divide, &c.=ban,
bawn, qq.v.
H binyak [S. ], s.m. A
spiritual preceptor; a name of the god Ganea; H ban, v.n. To be shared,
name of Garu; name of a Bauddha.
&c.=ban, q.v.
H bimb, s.m.= bimb, q.v.
H bawr, s.m.=bawr, q.v.
H bamb, s.m.= bamb, q.v.
H bawn, v.t.=bawn,
H ban-bs [S. +], s.m. See ban, qq.v.
s.v. for this and all compounds having ban
for the first member. H bawaiy, s.m. One who allots
shares, one who distributes; divider, distributer
H babar, s.f.=bawar, q.v. (=bawaiy, q.v.).

H bimbuk, adj.= bimbuk, q.v. H bahn, v.n. To be twisted,

&c.=ban, q.v.
H bamb, s.m.= bamb, q.v.
H ban-han, = H
H bamb, bumb, s.f.= bamb, q.v.
ban-han-ke, (from bann+hann), adv.
Adorned, embellished, elaborately decorated or
H banat [S. +], adj. Having, or
dressed up.
adorned with, gold or silver edging;s.f. Lace;

360
H ban-han-ke, = H or fish);(in Gram.) a consonant (as marking
or distinguishing sound).
ban-han, (from bann+hann), adv.
Adorned, embellished, elaborately decorated or ? banajn, v.t. To trade, traffic
dressed up.
(=banaj karn); to dispose of.
H baait [S. +], s.m.
? banjho [S. +], Pill
Allotter, distributer, divider, &c.=baait,
or bolus given to destroy the embryo; medicine
bawaiy, qq.v taken to produce barrenness.
H baij, baaj [S. ; or
for ], s.m. Trade, traffic, ? banij, banj, s.f. The
commerce, mercantile transactions, business of a pedlar.
merchandise:banaj karn, v.n. To trade,
traffic. ? banijya (for ), s.m.
Trade, &c.=banij, q.v.
S baij, s.m. Trader, merchant
(=baik); the sixth of the astronomical periods H ban (caus. of bn, q.v.),
called kara, corresponding to the half of a v.t. To cause to read, to make, or hear (one)
lunar day. read (=bawn).
A banj (the P. bang arabicized), s.f.
Henbane. H ban, v.t.=ban, q.v.

H banjr [S. ++], H ban [S. ; rt. ], v.n.

s.m. A caste or class who are carriers of grain, To be read or perused.
salt, &c.; an individual of that class; a grain
merchant. H bawn (caus. of ban),
v.n. To cause to be read, to have (a thing) read;
H banjr, adj. Belonging to, or (caus. of bn), to cause to read, to make, or
relating to, the Banjrs. to hear (one) read.

H banjr, s.f. Wife of a banjr; P ban [Pehl. band, Zend banda, S.

a kind of tent used by banjrs; half-boiled bandha], s.m. Binding, fastening, tie, knot,
grain. band, bandage, bond, ligature, belt, roll, string;
joint, knuckle; stoppage, discontinuance;
H , banjar [S. +], hindrance, prevention, obstacle; fetters,
imprisonment, arrest, captivity, confinement; a
s.m. Waste land unfit for cultivation; mound, dyke, dam, embankment; gripe, hold,
unproductive land, fallow land; waste, wild, grasp, twist, trick (in wrestling); manuvre,
jungle:banjar-jadd, s.m. Land brought dodge, artifice; art, skill, dexterity; agreement,
recently into cultivation after lying some time promise, pledge, contract; regulation; list,
fallow:banjar rij-e jam`, s.m. Waste land inventory; verse, stanza, burden (of a song);
excluded from the rental:banjar qadm, s.m. (as an affix) binding; binder, fastener, putter on
Land left fallow for some years:banjar-kam, (e.g. na`l-band, one who puts on horse-shoes, a
s.f. Abatement of rent in consideration of waste farrier):band bdhn, v.n. To construct a
land.
dam, dyke, embankment, &c.:band-ba`,
s.f. Account of each share of assessment in
H banjin, s.m. (?), Land close by a grain:band-bardsht, s.f. Account of the share
village:name of a weed (about three feet of an instalment to be paid by each villager:
high) which springs up with the arf crops. band-band, s.m. Every joint; every part, every
inch:band-band pakan (-k), To seize all
H binjan [S. ], s.m. the joints (rheumatism):band band jud karn
or kar-den (-k), To sever all the joints, open
Anything used in dressing or preparing food,
all the knobs or fastenings, separate inch by
seasoning, relish, sauce, condiment; vegetables
inch:band-behr, s.f. Statement of the amount
(dressed with butter, or gh, and added to flesh
of each money instalment of a village:band
baihn, v.n. lit. 'The joints to fit in'; to succeed

361
in an affair:band-pht, s.m. Account of the
shares of the liabilities of a village:band-tl,
s.m. Damming up a watercourse for the purpose
of irrigation:band-i-jama`, s.m. The act of
allotting to each cultivator an equal portion of
good and bad lands:band-isb, s.m. Abstract
account:band-na, s.m. Prison:band-i-
sel, s.m. Contract of sale:bandi-muddat, s.m.
Stated period for the settlement of an
account:band-me an, band-me pan, v.n.
To fall into the toils; to become a captive:
band-navs, s.m. Clerk, accountant:band-o-
bast, s.m. lit. 'Binding and fastening'; plan,
organization, management, administration;
arrangement, disposition, method, order,
system; settlement (of revenue), regulation;
band-o-bast-i-khir, s.m. Recent or last
settlement;band-o-bast-i istimrr, s.m.
Permanent settlement; settlement in
perpetuity;band-o-bast-i and-roza, s.m.
Temporary settlement;band-o-bast-i-jadd,
band-o-bast-i l, s.m. New settlement; new
regulation or practice:band-o-bast-i-dawm,
s.m. Permanent settlement (=band-o-bast-i
istimrr);band-o-bast-i-sar-sar, s.m.=band-
o-bast-i and-roza;band-o-bast-i sbiq, s.m.
Former settlement:band-o-bast karn (-k),
To manage, regulate, settle, make an
arrangement, arrange (for), organize (=intizm
karn, q.v.):band-o-bast-k paim`ish, s.f.
Revenue survey:band-o-bast-i-mulk, s.m.
Sum total of the revenue of a province or
kingdom:band-o-bast-i m`d, s.m.=band-o-
bast-and-roza, q.v.:band-o-bast, s.f.
Arrangement, organization; economy.
P band [part. of bastan; Pehl. band, Z. banda;
S. , rt. ], part. adj. Fastened, tied up,
bound; shut, closed, stopped, stopped up, cut
off; prevented, hindered, barred, checked,
restrained, suppressed; constrained, still, dull,
heavy, paralyzed; contracted, straitened:band
haia, s.m. Choleraic diarrha:band rahn,
v.n. To be engaged in a business:band karn
or kar-den, v.t. To shut, close, shut up,
confine, imprison; to stop, stop up, fill up (a
hole, &c.); to arrest, check, put a stop to,
hinder, mar; to settle, wind up (an account):
band hon, or ho-jn, v.n. To be closed,
stopped, cut off, shut up, stopped up; to be
finished, be exhausted, to cease; to be
abolished, be done away, be lost or gone.
H bindu, bind [S. ] , s.m.
Drop; point, dot, spot. mark; the nasal dot
anusvra; semen, sperma genitale:bind-
kushd, s.m. Semen cito emittens morbo
affectus.
H bund, s.f.=bd, q.v.
H band [S. ], s.m. Mistletoe,
Epidendron teselloides (=bd, q.v.).
H band [S. +], s.m. A grain
magazine above ground (cf. bdr).
H band, s.m.=P. banda, q.v.
H bind (from bind), s.m. A round
sectarial spot made on the forehead by Hinds
preparatory to worship.
H bund, s.m. Drop, &c. (=bind;
bd); ear-ring (=bulq).
H bandr, s.m. Brink (of a river),
shore, coast; skirt, side (of a garden.The word
is peculiar to Southern India, and would appear
to be connected with bandar).
H bindl, s.f. A medicinal herb.
H bind-ban, s.m.=bindr-ban,
brind-ban, qq.v.
H bandar [S. ], s.m. Monkey,
ape:bandar-khat (S. vnara+kshata), s.m. A
sore that does not heal (as a monkey-bite); a
running sore, an issue.
P bandar (band+dar; syn. in Pers.
dar-band), s.m. Inlet (of the sea), harbour,
anchorage, sea-port, emporium, city, trading
town (on the sea) to which numbers of foreign
merchants resort.
H bandr, s.m. Mistletoe (=band,
q.v.).
H bandar-khat [S.
+], s.m. See s.v. bandar, 'monkey.'
H bandar (from bandar, 'port'),
s.f. A sort of chintz from Mahl-bandar; a
sword from Rj-bandar.
H bandar, bandr [S. ], s.f.
A female monkey; a kind of grass found in rice
fields and in kodo, and used as fodder.
362
H bandariy, s.f. A female
monkey (=bandr). H bador, = H bado,
[S. +?], s.f. Slave-girl, female slave;
P bandish (Zend. band+she), s.f. The act,
child of a slave.
or state, of tying, binding, &c.; make, structure,
build, &c. (=banwa); construction,
composition; knot, entanglement; invention, H bado, = H bador,
contrivance, plan, scheme, artifice, manuvre; [S. +?], s.f. Slave-girl, female slave;
fabrication, preparing a false story, making up a child of a slave.
false account of a trausaction; combination,
league, plot, conspiracy, collusion, cabal, A banduq (from bunduq, 'bullet,' 'ball,'
intrigue; elegance (of style):bandish the Arabicized form of the Persian funduq), s.f.
bdhn, v.n. To form a league or conspiracy, Musket, firelock, gun, fowling piece:bandq
to contrive, plot together, cabal, conspire. bharn, v.n. To load a gun:bandq hatyn,
v.n. To take aim with a gun, to point a gun
H bundk [S. + ], s.f. A (at):bandq aln (par), bandq hon,
little drop, dot, spot, speck:bundk-dr, adj. bandq lagn, bandq mrn (-ko), To
Dotted, spotted:bundk-k h, s.f. Spotted discharge a gun, to fire (at); to shoot.
chintz.
A T bandq, s.m. Musketeer, rifleman.
P bandagn, s.m. pl. (of banda), Slaves,
servants. H badol, s.m. Child of a slave
(=bador, q.v.).
P bandag (from banda), s.f. Slavery,
servitude; service; devotion, adoration, worship,
H
bandh, s.m. Whirlwind.
praise; compliment, salutation; humility,
lowliness;intj. My service to you! good
morning! good-bye! adieu! farewell! thank S bandh, s.m. & f., or bandhi,
you!:bandag bajn or baj-ln (-k), To s.f., Binding, tying; tie, fetter, knot, fastening,
pay (one's) devoirs (to); to serve:bandag- string, cord; bandage, &c. (=band, q.v.);
me ud` karn, v.n. To affect authority bondage, imprisonment, captivity; pledge,
while in servitude. deposit (=bandhak);part. adj. Bound,
fastened, &c. (=band):bandha-tantra, s.m. A
H bandl, s.f. A species of rice complete army (with its four divisions of
(grown in Rohelkhan). elephants, chariots, horse, and foot;syn.
atur-anga):bandh-me n, bandh-me
pan, v.n. To fall into the toils or meshes, to
H bandan, s.m. Fastening, &c.
become a captive.
(=bandhan, q.v.)
S bandhu, s.m. See bandhu.
H bandan [S. , rt. ], s.m.
Praise, worship, adoration; obeisance, homage,
P bada (Zend banda; S. bandha), s.m.
salutation; flattery:bandan-wr (S.
vandana+ml), s.f. A festoon of leaves and Slave, bondman, servant; humble servant (a
flowers suspended across gateways on festive term used by a speaker of himself, when
occasions. addressing a superior); human being,
creature:banda - parwar, s.m. Cherisher of
servants or dependants, patron; your honour,
H bandn, v.n.=bandhn, q.v.
your worship:banda-parwar, s.f. Cherishing
of servants:banda-e-dargh, s.m. Slave of
H bandan-wr, s.f. See s.v. (your) threshold:banda-zda, s.m. Your
bandan. (The word is sometimes incorrectly slave's son, my son:banda-navz,
written bandhan-wr, as though derived from s.m.=banda-parwar, q.v.:banda-navz,
bandhana and dwra.) s.f.=banda parwar, q.v.

H
band`, s.m.=bandhu`, q.v. P bandah, s.m. pl. (of banda), Slaves,
servants.
P band-o-bast, s.m. See s.v. band.

363
H bandh (perf. part. of bandhn,
q.v.), part. adj. (f. -), Fastened, tied, bound, S bandhur, s.f. Harlot, prostitute.
fixed, established, continuous, uninterrupted,
usual, ordinary; shut up, concealed, S bandhak, s.m. Binding;
undisclosed:bandh wz, s.f. Monotonous
confinement; barter; pawn, pledge, deposit,
tone, monotony or sameness in singing:
mortgage (=rahn); mortgage-bond (=rahn-
bandh bt, s.f. Established thing, settled matter,
nma); hostage; wages.
fixed rule:bandh mh, s.f. Undisclosed
intention, secret; compact and united family:
bandh-hu`, adj.=bandh;bandh-hu` S bandhak, s.f. Unchaste
ar, s.m. Regular or usual expenses. woman, harlot; barren woman.

H bindhal [S. S bandhan, s.m. Fastening,

+], s.m. The range of mountains binding, tying; tie, knot; bandage; bond,
confinement, imprisonment, captivity, snare,
which stretches across India, and divides toils; obstacle, hindrance, check, restraint;
Hindstn proper from the Dakkhan, marking established rule or custom, daily practice or
the southern boundary of the sacred land of the observance:bandhan-lay, s.m. Place of
Hinds. confinement, prison:bandhan-rajju, s.f. Rope
used for tying:bandhan-granthi, s.m. Knot of
H bandhn [S. ], s.m. a ligature.
Fixed allowance, wages, salary, stipend,
pension; raised embankments of earth for H bandhn [S. ], v.n. To
flooding lands; purchase of grain in advance of be fastened, bound, tied, kept; to be enclosed,
harvest. be closed or stopped, be laid; to be caught, be
ensnared; to be formed or composed; to be
H bandhn (caus. of bandhn), continuous or uninterrupted, be fixed or
v.t. To cause to be bound, to have or get bound; established; to be conducive, to help, co-
to bind, tie, fasten, &c.; to enjoin upon; to fix, operate;s.m. Instrument for tying, tie, rope,
establish. &c. (=bandhn, q.v.); cloth for wrapping small
articles in, wrapper; needle-case; hold-all:
H bandhn (from bandhn), bandh-jn, v.n. To be formed, be composed,
&c.=bandhn.
s.f. One who carries stones, timber, &c. on his
shoulder, porter, cooly; pensioner, stipendiary;
gunner, artilleryman. H bindhn, bidhn, v.t.
To puncture, &c.=bdhn, q.v.;v.n. (from
H bandhwat, s.f. Binding, bdh), To be punctured, be perforated,
bored, or pierced; to be stung.
fastening; tie, &c. (see bdhn and bandh`).
H bandhan, or bandhn (from
H bandh` (v.n. from
bandhan), s.f. Instrument for tying or holding
bandhn), s.f. The act of binding, tying, &c.;
together, tie, string, rope, thread, chain, snare;
the business of binding; binding, fastening,
wrapper, &c. (=bandhn).
tying; bond, tie; price paid for binding;
premium paid in exchange of money of inferior
denomination. S bandhu, s.m. Kinsman, relation,
relative, connection, kindred in general; friend;
S bandh`e-mn, adj. (in law) cognate kinsman in a remote degree
(one subsequent in right of inheritance to the sa-
Fastened, bound, tied.
gotra); one of the same brotherhood, or tribe, or
profession;bandhu, bandhu-jva, s.m. The
S bandhut, s.f. Friendship; flower and plant Pentapetes Phnicea
relationship, affinity, connection, relation; (=bandhur):bandhu-jan, s.m. Kinsman,
relations collectively, kindred, kin. relation; friend:bandhu-datt, s.m. lit. 'Given
by relations'; a particular kind of female
S bandhur, s.m. A shrub bearing a property (given to a girl by her relations at her
marriage):bandhu-hn, adj. Destitute of
red flower, Pentapetes Phnicea, and its flower;
kindred, relationless, friendless.
name of a drug (syn. birang rishabh); a crane.

364
 H bandhej, s.m. = H
H bandhav, s.m.=bandhu.
bandhej, s.f. [S. ], Stability,
permanence, fixity, firmness, durability;
H bandhuw, bandhw, steadiness, persistence; prohibition,
bandhu` [S. +], s.m. One who interdiction; temperance, abstemiousness;
practice, usage, custom; parsimony, close-
is bound, prisoner, convict, bondman, captive,
slave. fistedness:bandhej-k ta`w, bandhej-k
gan, s.m. Charm against miscarriage:
bandhej-k daw, s.f. Astringent medicine;
H bandhws, s.f. Land remedy for diarrha.
embanked all round in such a manner as to
retain water. H bandhej, s.f. = H

H bandhwn (caus. of bandhej, s.m. [S. ], Stability,

bandhn), v.t. To cause to be bound, to have or
get (a person or a thing) bound, tied, &c.; to
cause to be constructed, framed, prepared,
&c.:bandhw-len, v.t. Idem.
H bidhwn (caus. of
bidhn), v.t. To cause to be pierced, to have or remedy for diarrha.
get pierced, bored, &c.; to pierce, perforate,
bore, &c. (=bdhn, q.v.).
H bandhw`, s.f.=bandh`,
q.v.
permanence, fixity, firmness, durability;
steadiness, persistence; prohibition,
interdiction; temperance, abstemiousness;
practice, usage, custom; parsimony, close-
fistedness:bandhej-k ta`w, bandhej-k
gan, s.m. Charm against miscarriage:
bandhej-k daw, s.f. Astringent medicine;
S bandhya, adj. Bound, confined,
detained under arrest; barren, sterile, unfruitful.
H bindhya, s.m.=bindhal, q.v.

H bandhuw`,
H band [S. , ], s.m.
bandhu``, (from bandhu), s.f. Relationship,
kinship, friendship. Prisoner, captive, slave;one who praises or
extols, praiser, panegyrist, bard (these bards are
regarded as belonging to a distinct tribe called
H badhuw`,
Bh):band-jan, s.m. A bard, a person of the
badhu``, s.f. Imprisonment, bondage, Bh tribe:band-sr, s.m. The substance of a
captivity. Bh's teaching:band-grih, band-ghar, s.m.
Prison, gaol.
H bandhr, s.m. Purchase of grain
in ad. vance of harvest. P band (from band, q.v.), s.f. Binding,
tying, fastening; shutting, closing, stopping;
S bandhk, s.m. The shrub construction, &c.; (in Law and Revenue)
arrangement, settlement, agreement;
Pentapetes Phnicea (=bandhur); the plant distribution, allowance; reduction; charge (used
Ixora bandhu:bandhk-pushp, or bandhk, in comp. e.g. na`l-band; jam`-band; qq.v.);
s.m. The tree Terminalia tomentosa. imprisonment, captivity;s.m.f. Prisoner,
captive, slave; female slave or servant,
H bandh, = H handmaid (cf. banda):band-na, s.m.
bandhiy, s.f. Embankment, &c.=bandhn, and House of bondage, prison, gaol (=band-ghar).
band, qq.v.
H band, s.f. A kind of ornament
H bandhiy, = H worn on the head;a short robe or dress
bandh, s.f. Embankment, &c.=bandhn, and (shorter than the jma; cf. ban;name of a
band, qq.v. certain dry measure:band-jan, s.m. A kind of
ornament.
S bandhy, adj. & s.f. (m.
bandhya), Barren, sterile;barren woman; H bind [S. ] , s.f. Dot over a
childless woman; barren cow (or other letter; dot, point, spot, mark, cypher, nought;
animal);a perfume (commonly called bl). spangle, ornament for the forehead.

365
 genealogy (from its resemblance to the
H bundiy [bd+iy = S.], succession of joints in a bamboo), lineage, race,
family, stock; descendant, offspring:
s.f. A kind of sweetmeat (like drops); comfit.
baval (S. vaa+val), s.f. Line of a
family, pedigree, genealogy, genealogical tree
H bundel, s.m. Name of a (syn. shajra):ba-phor (S. vaa+sphoaka),
spurious tribe of Rjpts who give name to the s.m. lit. 'Bamboo-splitter'; one who makes
province of Bundelkhan. baskets, chairs, &c. of split bamboos or reeds
(=baso, q.v.):bas-loan (S. vaa+roan
H
budelan, s.f. A woman who or loan), s.m. An earthy concretion of a milk-
sells perfumes. white colour found in the hollow of the bamboo
and known by the name of bamboo-manna (syn.
S bandwn, s.m. Prisoner, tabshr):bas-w, s.f. Bamboo plantation;
jungle of bamboos.
captive.
H bas [S. +], s.m. A species
H ban, s.m. Mistletoe, &c. (=band,
of grass which grows in rice fields (it is used as
q.v.). fodder for cattle).

H bin, s.m. Faggot; bundle of sticks, H binsr, s.m.=bhinsr, q.v.

or of grass, or of straw, &c.
H bans-val, s.f. See s.v. bas.
H bun (from bd?), s.m. A kind of
ornament worn on the ears. P A ba-nisbat, prep. In respect (of, -ke),
with respect (to), with relation (to); in
H binl, s.m. A sort of curry comparison (with)
made of pork.
H banas-pati [S. ], s.m.
H bano`, = H lit. 'King of the wood'; a large forest tree; a
banoh, s.m. Whirlwind (=bandh). large tree bearing fruit, but apparently having
no blossoms (as several species of the fig, the
H banoh, = H jack-tree, &c.); tree (generally).
bano`, s.m. Whirlwind (=bandh).
H banaspatt, s.f.=banspatt,
q.v.
H ban, s.f. A short robe (=band,
q.v.); waistcoat, vest.
H basr, s.f. Flute, &c.=bsr,
H ban, s.f. Bullock cart or car, a bas qq.v.
bandy (the word is peculiar to Southern India).
H binasn [S. ; rt. ],
H baner (cf. balen), s.f. Ridge- v.n. To deteriorate, spoil, perish, die; to be
brought to nothing, to be destroyed, be killed.
pole; ridge of a house.
H bas-w [S. +], s.f.
H banr, s.m. Bridegroom (=bana,
See s.v. bas.
bann, q.v.).
H bans [S. ], s.f. Flute, pipe; a
H banr, s.f. Bride (=ban).
kind of wheat with blackish ears:bans-ba,
s.m. The tree under which Krisha was
H biuw (b+dim. aff. uw = accustomed to play the flute.
S. ), s.m. A small roll of cloth, &c. (see
b, and w). H bans [S. , or ], adj.
Pertaining to a family, race, &c.; lineal,
H bas [S ], s.m. Bamboo (used in genealogical; of the race or lineage (of).
comp. for bs, q.v.); line of a pedigree or

366
H bans [S. ], s.f. Fishing- H ban-khar, s.m. See s.v. ban.
hook; fishing-line or tackle.
H banke, past. conj. part. (of bann)
H binan, v.n.=binasn, q.v. = bankar, q.v.

P banafsha, s.f. The violet, Viola odorata. H bang [S. ], s.f. Tin, lead; calx
of tin (taken internally as an aphrodisiac);the
P banak (ban = S. +dim. aff. ak = S. ), egg-plant, Solanum melongena;name of the
s.f. A sort of fruit; a kind of satin; pimple; drops province of Bengal proper (Bangl):bang-
of sweat on the face. kaiy (S. vaga+kaa+ika), s.m. The prickly
plant Solanum Jacquini, resembling a thistle
H bak (corr. from the English), s.m. (used medicinally for diarrha and coughs; syn.
Bank:bak-ghar, baghar, s.m. Idem: ban-kaaiy; bha-kaaiy).
bak-lot, s.f. Bank-note.
P bang (=S. ), s.f. Hemp, Cannabis
H bak [S. ; rt. ], s.m. satica; an intoxicating potion made from the
Bending, curvature; bend, elbow, or reach of a leaves of hemp (=bhg).
river or winding stream.
H bang [S. ?], s.m. Joint of
S baik, s.m. Merchant, trader (cf. bamboo root; piece of bamboo.
baniy):banig-bh`o, s.m. Traffic, trade:
baik-putra, s.m. Merchant's son, son of a H bag [S. +], s.m. Well-
trader; young merchant or trader:baik-putr, water having a slightly metallic or brackish
s.f. Merchant's daughter; a young woman of the taste; a kind of soil.
merchant (bany) class;baik-path, s.m. lit.
'Traders' path or line'; traffic, commerce. H bangl = next, q.v.

H bakrn, v.n. To cry out, H bangl [S. , or

shout, yell, bellow, roar, thunder; to make
answer (as one possessed by an evil spirit). ++], s.m. Name of the province of
Bengal.
H bak`, s.f. Bend, &c.=bak, H banglan, banglin, =
q.v. H banglin (fem. of next,
q.v.),. s.f. A woman of the Bangl race, a
H bak (ban+ka), s.m. A ruined female Bengalee.
or spoiled crop (on the field).
H banglin (fem. of next,
H bankaaiy [S. q.v.), = H banglan,
++], s.m.=bag-katiy, q.v.s.v. banglin, s.f. A woman of the Bangl race, a
bang. female Bengalee.

H ban-kar, s.m. See s.v. ban, H bangl [S. ++ , ],

'forest.' adj. & s.m. Relating, or pertaining, to Bengal;
of Bengal, Bengalee;native of Bengal;s.f.
H ban-kar, ban, banke, past conj. The Bengalee language.
part. (of bann), Having become;conj. & adv. P bungh (bun+gh, qq.v.), s.f. The rear of
As, like (often used as synonymous with hokar, an army; baggage, equipage of an army.
when it either has the sense of 'as,' or gives to
the preceding word the force of an adverb; e.g.
mitra bankar mile jule raho, Live together as H bagr, = H bang,
friends in peace and harmony; p nir-da` ban [S. +dim. aff. r], s.f. A bracelet or 'bangle'
ta-par al jt hai, He himself is going made of glass or lac (also written bagl,
heartlessly along upon the pony). vagl;r).

367
H bang, = H bagr, succeed, turn out well, to answer, suit; to be
fortunate, to prosper; to come to pass:ban-
[S. +dim. aff. r], s.f. A bracelet or 'bangle' jn, v.n. Intens. of, and=bann, q.v.:bann-
made of glass or lac (also written bagl, hann, v.n. To be decked out, be thoroughly
vagl;r). got up, or elaborately dressed and adorned.

H bagik, bagka (see H , , binn; bunn [bin

bangk), s.m. An aquatic beetle which eats rice or bun = Prk. () or ()=S. ()
plants.
or (), rt. ], v.t. To weave; to braid, plait,
H bag-kaiy, s.m. See s.v. knit; to intertwine, interlace.
bang (also written ban-kaaiy).
H , binn (see bnn), v.t. To
H bangk [S. +], s.f. A pick up, gather up, &c. (=bnn, q.v.);v.n. To
be picked, culled; to be cleaned.
species of rice cultivated in Benares (originally,
perhaps, from Bengal).
H bann, s.f. Lady, &c.=bn, q.v.;
H bagl (contrac. from bangl; or A proper name.
from S. baga, or vaga), s.f. The Bengalee
language;s.m. A thatched house, a H banwr, adj.=ban-ml,
'bungalow'; summer-house; cottage;a sort of q.v.s.v. ban.
betel-leaf or pn.
H banwn (caus. of bann), v.t.
H bagaliy, bangaliy, bangliy To cause to be made, constructed, or prepared,
(dim. of bagl), s.f. The Bengalee language; &c.; to have or get (a thing) made, &c. (see
a small bungalow; cottage;a species of rice. bann); to make, construct, &c. (=bann).

H bagg, s.m. An instrument or H binwn, bunwan

meter for ascertaining the strength of liquors. (caus. of binn or bunn 'to weave'), v.t. To
cause to be woven, &c.; to get (a thing) woven,
&c.
H bag, big, s.f. Humming
top (syn. bhaur).
H binwn (caus. of binn, 'to be
P bag (from bang, 'hemp'), s.m. One who picked'), v.t. To cause to be picked, to have or
is addicted to taking bang; one who intoxicates get (a thing) picked, &c.
himself with bang.
H banw` (v.n. from banwn),
H , bann [ban = Prk. s.f. Cost of making (a thing), price paid for
inaking, &c.
()=S. (), pass. of rt. ], v.n. To be
made, constructed, built; to be created, formed, H binw`, bunw` (v.n.
fashioned, produced, fabricated, invented; to be
prepared, got ready, be done, finished or binwn or bunwn), s.f. Cost of, or price paid
completed; to be cooked or dressed; to be for, weaving, &c.
managed, executed, effected; to be composed;
to be mended, repaired, or adjusted: to be ? banotsarg, s.m. See s.v.
improved, be made presentable, palatable, &c.; ban, 'forest.'
to be established, be set up; to be, become; to
happen, befall, betide; to be as, become as or ? banau, s.f. Fighting with cudgels;
like (see ban-kar); to be adorned, decorated,
embellished; to fit, fit in, come out, come right; club-fight.
to chime, agree, fall in (with), do, answer,
serve; to succeed, do well, prosper; to be made, H binod [S. , rt. ], s.m.
acquired, or gained; to be assumed, be feigned, Dismissing removing; dismissal, abandonment;
to counterfeit; to be hoaxed, be ridiculed or diversion, sport, pastime, play, entertainment,
laughed at:ban-n, ban-parn, v.n. To be pleasure, gratification, happiness, interest;
performed, effected, or accomplished; to do; to eagerness, vehemence.

368
 H banh`, s.f. Wife of a conjurer;
H bawar, = H bawa, [S. female conjurer, enchantress.
], s.m.f. Creeper; vine; tendril (also written
bawa, bawar). H banhiy, s.m. Bridegroom
(=ban; banr).
H bawa, = H bawar, [S.
H binahar (from binn and hr),
], s.m.f. Creeper; vine; tendril (also written
s.m. Picker or gatherer of cotton.
bawa, bawar).
H ban, bann (see ban), s.f. Bride.
H binaur, banaur, s.m.=binaul,
q.v.
H ban (dim. of ban), s.f. Small forest,
H binaur, banaur, s.f.=binaul, wood, grove.
q.v.
H bann, ban, s.f. Portion of
H binauriy (dim. of binaur), grain given to a labourer as a remuneration for
his services.
s.f. Name of a herb which grows about a foot
and a half high in fields which have been sown A ban (obl. pl. of ibn, rt. ' to build'), s.m.
with a arf crop (it is used as fodder for pl. (used in comp.), Sons, children;ban-
cattle). dam, s.m. Sons of Adam, men, mortals:
ban-isr`l, s.m. Children of Israel, Israelites:
H binaul, binol, banol ban-jn, s.m. The children of Jn, the Jinn or
[S. + or +], s.m. Cotton-seed Genii, the beings who inhabited the world
before Adam.
(considered very fattening food for cattle: it is
also burnt with oil as a light):binaul bn,
v.n. To say unpleasant things. H binay [S. ], s.m.
Supplication, entreaty; humility; modesty;
H binaul, banaul (dim. of graciousness, courtesy, good-nature; discretion,
decorum; reverence, obeisance.
binaul), s.f. Cotton-seed;small hail-stones.
H , baniy, bany [S.
H , binaun [S. ,
], s.m. Merchant, trader, shopkeeper,
rt. 'to bow'], v.t. To adore, revere, venerate,
corn-chandler, grain-seller, vender of provisions
laud (syn. arn; pj karn).
(syn. baqql);(met.) petty-minded man;
niggard; timid man.
H bawad, bawa,
s.m.f=bawar, q.v. P bunyd (see bun), s.f. Foundation, basis,
base, origin, groundwork; resources, power
H banwaiy (banw-, rt. of (syn. al):bunyd ln (-k), To lay the
foundation (of), to found; to originate, &c.
banwn+iy = S. ikah), s.m. Maker,
manufacturer.
H banaiy-ka, s.m.=ban-
P buna, bunna (see bun), s.m. Foundation, kan, q.v.s.v. ban.
&c. (=bun); baggage, goods, household
furniture (cf. bun-gh). H , baniyn, s.m.=baniy,
q.v.
H banh, s.m. Conjurer, magician,
wizard. P bunyn, s.f. Foundation, &c.=bunyd,
q.v.
H banihr [bann+hr], s.m.
Ploughman or labourer whose services are paid H baniyn, banyn. = H
in bann or in kind. baniyyan, baniy`in s.f.
Wife of a bany; woman of the baniy caste.

369
 commonly signifies a bad smell, b being used
H baniyyan, for 'smell' generally):b-bs, s.f.=b:b
phn (-k), Smell (of a thing) to be diffused;
baniy`in = H baniyn, soupon, trace, or inkling (of an affair, &c.) to
banyn. s.f. Wife of a bany; woman of the get abroad; to be divulged, to leak out, get
baniy caste. wind:b-dr, bo-dr, adj. & s.m. Scented,
fragrant;a kind of scented leather:b-kash,
H bint [S. ; rt. ], part. adj. adj. & s.m. Smelling, sniffing;one who
Well-trained, educated, disciplined, well- smells or inhales the scent or odour (of a
behaved, well-controlled; compliant, thing):b-kash, s.f. Taking a smell; inhaling
governable, tractable, humble, modest, meek, odour.
placid, gentle.
A b (=ab), s.m. Father; possessor, &c.
(used in comp.;before words defined by the
H baneh, banaih, = H
Arabic article al, it is shortened in
bane, banai, [S. pronunciation to bu; e.g.);bu`l-`ajab, adj.
?+ ], s.f. A torch lighted at both ends Wonderful, marvellous:bu`l-ful, adj. Given
to excess, or to exaggeration; loquacious;
and whirled round so as toform a double circle prodigal:bu`l-hawas, adj. & s.m. Desirous;
of fire; a club weighted at both ends which is whimsical, capricious, fickle;a wavering, or
whirled round the head as a gymnastic exercise fickle person; blockhead:bu`l-hawas, s.f.
(cf. banau):banaih phekn, v.n. To whirl Freak, whim, caprice:b-turb, s.m. Father
or twirl a banaih; to flourish a cudgel; to strike dusty, a nickname given by Mohammad to his
out right and left with a stick. son-in-law `Al:b-tmr, s.m. lit. 'Father of
wailing'; the heron; the bittern:b-jahl, adj.
H bane, banai, = H Ignorant, foolish:b-qalamn, adj. & s.m. Of
various hues, variegated, varied, various;
baneh, banaih, [S. ?+ ],
changeable; wonderful;anything of various
s.f. A torch lighted at both ends and whirled hues; a chameleon.
round so as toform a double circle of fire; a club
weighted at both ends which is whirled round
H bo (rt. of bon, q.v.), s.f. Sowing,
the head as a gymnastic exercise (cf. banau):
banaih phekn, v.n. To whirl or twirl a cultivation:bo-jot, s.f. Idem.
banaih; to flourish a cudgel; to strike out right
and left with a stick. H bau, s.m. (?), The fee or perquisite of a
zamndr when a daughter of a cultivator in his
H banj, s.m.=banij, q.v. village is married.

H bank, s.m.=banik, q.v. H b`, bw [S. ?], s.f.

Sister, dear sister; father's sister, aunt (syn.
phph; ph`; cf. b-b).
H banel, banaila [S.
+], adj. Pertaining to the forest; sylvan, A bawwb (rt. for ), s.m. Janitor,
wild, savage. porter.

H banain, banen, H bawd, = H bawda

s.f.=baniy`in, q.v. s.m. A medicinal herb (resembling turmeric in
appearance).
H banwl, s.m. Name of a
H bawda, = H bawd
subdivision of the Bhang caste.
s.m. A medicinal herb (resembling turmeric in
appearance).
H b, s.f.=b`, and b-b, qq.v.
H buwr, bo`r, s.f. = H
H b, s.f.=b`, q.v.
buwr, bo`r, s.m. [S.
P b, or bo [Pehl. boi; Zend baoidh, rt. bud = +, or ], Sowing, cultivation; seed-
S. budh], s.f. Odour, scent, smell; trace, time (=bo``; bon).
soupon, small portion, particle (in India, bo

370
 H b-b, s.f. Sister, elder sister; lady
H buwr, bo`r, s.m. = H (=b-b); favourite concubine, or one of superior
buwr, bo`r, s.f. [S. rank.
+, or ], Sowing, cultivation; seed-
S bau-bhuksha, s.m. One who is
time (=bo``; bon).
always hungry; a starveling.
P A ba-wsita, adv. By reason (of),
because (of), on account (of), by means (of). H bt, s.f. = H bt, s.m. [S.
, rt. ], Strength, power, ability.
A bawsr (pl. of bsr; rt. ), s.m. (?),
Hemorrhoids, piles.
H bt, s.m. = H bt, s.f. [S.
A bu`l-`ajab, adj. See s.v. A. b. , rt. ], Strength, power, ability.

H biwn, s.m.=bimn, q.v. H bot (local), s.m. Tube of the

nryal, or huqqa, made of the cocoa-nut.
H buwn, bo`n (caus. of
bon), v.t. To cause to be sown; to have or get H bot, s.m.= bota, q.v.
(a field) sown or cultivated; to get (a cow or
buffalo) bulled.
H btp (from bt), s.m. Force,
violence.
H bo`n (from bo, 'smell'), v.t. To
cause to smell, to perfume (syn. basn; A btt (contrac. of buyt-t, pl. of bait),
gandhn);v.n. To emit a smell, to smell, s.m. Account of household expense; marketing
stink. charges (cf. buyt).

H biwh [S. ], s.m. Marriage P A btt (rel. n. fr. butt), adj. Relating
(=byh, q.v. to household expense.

H bawh [S. ++], adj. H botm, botm, butm (corr. from the
English), s.m. Button.
Affected with lues venerea, poxed, syphilitic.
H botal (corr. from the English), s.f.
H biw`, baw` [S.
Bottle: botal-na, s.m. Room where bottles,
, from ], s.f. Kibe or chap on the crockery, &c. are kept; pantry.
heel; chilblain:biw` phan, v.n. To suffer
from kibes, or from chilblains. H bot [S. +], s.m. Buck-
goat.
H buw`, bo`` (v.n. from
bo`n), s.f. The act of sowing, sowing; seed- P bta, bota, s.m. Crucible, melting-pot;
time (=bo`r). shrub, spreading bush (cf. b).

H bob, s.m. The sowing of grain by
the drill.
H bob [S. ], s.m. Goods and
chattels, property; bundle.
P b-bsh (from bdan, 'to be'), adj.
Ancient, perpetual, everlasting.
H bbak, s.m. An old fool, old
dotard; simpleton, blockhead (=bubhas, q v.).
P bota, s.m. Young of a camel; a young
camel; (met.) a fat person; an ungainly or ill-
looking person.
H baut-zamn, vulg.
baut-jamn (baut for bot, fem. part. of
bon+zamn), s.f. Land held by the owner of a
village in his own possession to give out to the
peasants for cultivation.
A b-tmr, s.m. See s.v. A. b.
H b,

371
 burden, responsibility, obligation:bojh utrn
H bo [S. ?], s.f. Vessel; earthen (-k), To put down a load or burden; to help
(one) to set down; load, &c.; to throw off, or to
vessel boat.
relieve (oneself) of a burden, incumbrance, or
responsibility to perform or discharge a duty
H bo [S. ], s.m. Finger; finger's (generally in a perfunctory way):bojh uhn,
breadth; digit; inch. v.n. To take up, or to bear, a load, &c.; to take a
burden, or responsibility upon oneself:bojh-
H b [S. , or +], s.m. ba`, s.f. A mode of distribution by stacks or
Flower, sprig (particularly worked on cloth, or bundles of cut corn:bojh-b, s.m. lit.
painted on paper); bush, shrub:b-qad, 'Weight-centre'; centre of gravity:bojh
b-s qad, adj. Of small stature; tiny; of pakan (-k), To assume or affect a degree of
lovely and delicate proportion:b khn (- importance or consequence; to give oneself
par), To work flowers (on cloth), to airs:bojh-, s.m. Specific gravity:bojh
embroider:be-dr, adj. Flowered (cloth); sir-par hon (-k), To be labouring under a
chequered, spotted. burden, or difficulty; to be under an obligation:
bojh-kan, s.m. Material particle:bojh ldn,
v.n. To load (on, -par), lade; to emburden,
H bo [S. +], s.m. A lump or encumber:bojh-lakr, s.f. Material line:
piece of flesh; a log of wood. bojho marn (-ke), To groan and sweat under
a burden.
H b (dim. of b), s.f.=b, q.v.;
flower or sprig of a plant; a drug; a dot or H bojh, = H bojh, [S.
spot:bt-vidy, s.f. Science of botany (syn.
, or , or ; rt. ], s.m. Load,
`ilm-i-nabtt).
burden, bundle (of grain, or grass, &c.); weight;
load of grain in the straw (as much as can be
H bo [S. ], s.f. A small bit,
carried on the head); ballast (of a boat or ship);
slice, or morsel of flesh or meat:bo utrn cargo, lading, freight; weight, importance,
or utr-len, To bite or snap off a piece of gravity; incumbrance, drag, onus, difficulty
flesh:bo-bo phaakn, To throb in every burden, responsibility, obligation:bojh utrn
vein:bo ahn, To become fat or plump: (-k), To put down a load or burden; to help
boiy un, boiy kn (-k), To cut in (one) to set down; load, &c.; to throw off, or to
pieces, make mince-meat of:gin bo nape relieve (oneself) of a burden, incumbrance, or
shorb, prov. lit. 'With counted bits of meat responsibility to perform or discharge a duty
(you will have) measured soup'; a limited (generally in a perfunctory way):bojh uhn,
income, small pay;one's expenses must be in v.n. To take up, or to bear, a load, &c.; to take a
accordance with his income; cut your coat burden, or responsibility upon oneself:bojh-
according to your cloth. ba`, s.f. A mode of distribution by stacks or
bundles of cut corn:bojh-b, s.m. lit.
P A ba-wajh, adv. In the mode or manner; 'Weight-centre'; centre of gravity:bojh
in a wayba-ajhe-ki, adv. In such a way that. pakan (-k), To assume or affect a degree of
importance or consequence; to give oneself
H bjh [S. , or +], s.f. airs:bojh-, s.m. Specific gravity:bojh
Perception understanding, intelligence, sir-par hon (-k), To be labouring under a
comprehension, thought (syn. samajh); burden, or difficulty; to be under an obligation:
guessing, guess:bjh-bujhawwal, s.m. A bojh-kan, s.m. Material particle:bojh ldn,
game at riddles; riddle, enigma (=bujh- v.n. To load (on, -par), lade; to emburden,
bujhauwal):bjh-bir, s.m. Understanding encumber:bojh-lakr, s.f. Material line:
and discretion. bojho marn (-ke), To groan and sweat under
a burden.
H bojh, = H bojh, [S.
H bjh-bjh (from bjh),
, or , or ; rt. ], s.m. Load,
s.f. Guessing; a game among children (one of
burden, bundle (of grain, or grass, &c.); weight; them is blindfolded and must guess which of
load of grain in the straw (as much as can be the others touches him).
carried on the head); ballast (of a boat or ship);
cargo, lading, freight; weight, importance,
H bjh`, s.f.=bujh`, q.v.
gravity; incumbrance, drag, onus, difficulty

372
H bojh`, s.f. Lading, cargo H bo [from S. rt.
(=bojh, q.v.).
H bau-jhakk, bau-
jhak [S. ++], adj. Raving, mad,
insane, morbid (cf. b`o-jhak, s.v. b`o).
H bjh-kar, = H
bjh-ke, (past conj. part of bjhn), adv.
Knowingly, wittingly, with premeditation,
intentionally.
with ],
s.m. A chair-plk, a kind of sedan (syn.
jhappn).
H bor [S. ++], adj.
Chipped, jagged, notched (on the edge),
serrated, denticulated; gapped (as the teeth).
H bn [S. or +, rt.
], v.n. To sit in a confined posture, to bend,
squat down, crouch (=dab-ke baihn).

H bjh-ke, = H H bauhr, = H
bjh-kar, (past conj. part of bjhn), adv. bauh, [S. +], s.m. Wind and rain,
Knowingly, wittingly, with premeditation,
driving rain, heavy shower of rain; drift,
intentionally.
spray:bauh karn, To shower, pelt down
(rain); to raise a spray.
H bojhal [S. +; cf. bojh], adj.
Loaded, laden, heavily laden; heavy, H bauh, = H
ponderous, massive.
bauhr, [S. +], s.m. Wind and rain,
H bjhn [bjh = Prk. driving rain, heavy shower of rain; drift,
spray:bauh karn, To shower, pelt down
()=S. (), rt. ], v.t. To (rain); to raise a spray.
understand, perceive, make out, comprehend; to
conceive, think, consider, regard, account; to P bd [from bdan, 'to be'; Zend b = S.
ascertain, inquire (of, se):bjh-pan, v.n. To bh], s.f. Being, existence:bd-bsh, bd-o-
be understood, &c.; to appear or seem (to, - bsh, s.f. Existence; subsistence; residence,
ko):bjh-len, v.t.=bjhn, q.v.; to come to abode.
an understanding (with, -se), settle accounts
(with); to settle the amount of gain and loss (at H bd, s.m. Wednesday=budh, q.v.
cards, &c.):bjhan-hr, adj. Thoughtful,
intelligent, reflective.
H bod [S. , rt. ; or ; cf.
H bojhn (from bojh), v.t. To bodl and bhod), adj. Weak, feeble; soft,
load. faint-hearted, low-spirited, timid; low, mean,
trifling, trivial, worthless;s.m. A buffalo.
H bojhn, v.t. To scald, or parch, P bd-bash, bd-o-bsh, s.f. See s.v. bd.
rice.
H bodar, s.m. A square enclosure of
H bjhan-hr, adj. See s.v. mud in which water is taken for irrigation; a a
bjhn. place to stand on for throwing the daur or
basket by which water is raised from a well.
H bojhail, bojhel [S.
+], adj.=bojhal, and bujhail, qq.v. H bodl [S. , or +; cf.
bod], adj. & s.m. (f. -), Simple, artless,
innocent, soft, silly, foolish;simpleton, a
H bo [S. vr+a, 'water-going'],
soft;bodl, s.f. Simple woman, trollop; a
s.m. Alligator, crocodile (syn. magar; kumbhr). woman who lives with a be-naw faqr, and
dresses like a man.
H b (see bn), adj. & s.m. (f. -),
Ear-cropped; without ears;a man, or a dog, P bdan, inf. & v.n. To be; being, existence
without ears. (=bd, q.v.).

373
S bodh, s.m. Understanding,
knowledge, wisdom, intelligence; perception, H . br, s.f.=bhr, q.v.
apprehension, cognition, conception, thought.
H bor, adj. Deep (syn. gambhr).
H bodh [rt. S. ? 'to bind'], s.m. A
security. H bor, baur [S. ], s.m. Small bells
for the p-zeb or ornament worn on the feet (so
S bauddha, bauddh, baudh, s.m. A called from their shape resembling the fruit of
follower of the religion of Buddha, a Buddhist; the jujube); studs of gold or silver;vanity,
a Jain:baudh, adj. (in Hind), Speechless, conceit, pride:bor karn (par), To be vain or
silent, mute:bauddha-mat, s.m. Buddhism, conceited (of), to boast, make a display, show
the Buddhist class of opinions: the Buddhist off.
sect:bauddha-matvalamb, adj. & s.m.
Inclined, or attached, to the Buddhist creed;a H bor, baur (v.n. of born, q.v.),
Buddhist.
s.m. Dip; fish-bait.

H boddh [S. +], adj.

H baur [S. ], s.m. The blossom of
Intelligent, sensible, ingenious.
the mango tree.

S bodhit, part. Made known,

H baur, s.m. Creeping-plant,
taught; expressed; apprized.
&c.=bawar, q.v.
S bodhak, adj. & s.m. Causing to
H br [S. or +], s.m.
know, informing, teaching;teacher; informer,
Powder (=bukn); saw-dust, filings (particularly
spy.
of wood); coarse sugar (syn. kh); white
sugar (=n).
S bodhan, s.m. Perception by the
understanding, comprehension; knowledge; H br, s.m. Redeemable mortgage.
teaching, informing; arousing, awakening;
incense burning.
H bor [S. +, or ], s.m. A
H bodhn [bodh = Prk. (), gunny bag, a sack (syn. gon: cf. Lat. borassus).
or ()=S. (), caus. of rt. ], v.t.
H bor [S. ], s.m. A kind of
To learn, to commit to memory;to wheedle,
cajole, coax; to flatter (syn. phusln; bhuln). bean, Dolichos catjang.

H bodhan, bodhn, s.f.=bodhan, H baur, adj. Mad, &c.=b`ol, q.v.

q.v.
H baur-p, = H
H bh, adj.=buh, and bh, baur-pan, s.m. Madness, state of insanity.
qq.v.
H baur-pan, = H
H bh-gag, s.m.=buh- baur-p, s.m. Madness, state of insanity.
gag, q.v.
H baurn or ba`urn
H br [S. , or ], s.f. Chaff, husk; (see bauln), v.n. To go or turn mad, to be or
become mad (=b`ol hon; bauln).
sawdust, &c. (=br); rubbish, trash:br-k
la, s.m. A sweetmeat (in the form of balls)
made of the husk of grain; (fig.) one who holds H brs, s.m.=burrs, q.v.
out false hopes, or deludes or deceives;
anything fair without and foul within, or that P brn, s.f. Food made from the egg-
promises well but turns out ill; a well-looking plant, fried brinjl soaked in sour milk or tyre.
person, or person of promising appearance, with
nothing in him.

374
H baurh, = H H b-p, = H b-pan,
baurh adj. Mad, &c.=baur; b`ol; qq.v. s.m.=bh-pan; buhp, qq.v.

H baurh, = H H b-pan, = H b-p,

baurh adj. Mad, &c.=baur; b`ol; qq.v. s.m.=bh-pan; buhp, qq.v.

H baurha, s.f. Madness, H bn [b = Prk. ()=S.

&c.=baur-p, q.v. (), rt. ], v.n. To dip, be dipped, be
immersed; to dive; to sink, be drowned
H bors, s.f.burs, baros; qq.v. (=bn):b-marn, v.n. To die by
A braq, bauraq, s.m. Borax. drowning, be drowned, to drown.

H baur`, s.f. Madness, H bon [bo = Prk. (), or

&c.=baur-p, q.v. ()=S. (), caus. of rt. ], v.t. To
dip, immerse, steep; to cause to dive, cause to
H born, v.t.=bon, q.v.; &=boln, sink; to drown.
q.v.
H bh [S. ], adj. & s.m. (f. -),
P bor, s.m. The reed of which writing-
pens are made, Arundo karka; tube, pipe, Old, aged;old man (=buh, q.v.):bh-
conduit, canal. rh, bh-ah (for bh-bh, s.m.=bh
ba, q.v.:bha bb, s.m. Reverend father;
H boro, s.m. Rainbow. name of a saint:bh ba (or ba bh),
s.m. Respectable old man, elder, superior;
experienced head of a family; patron:bh
H boro [S. ], s.m. A kind of rice bbak, s.m. A silly old dotard:bh ol,
(which is cut in March or April). s.m. Affectation and blandishments of youth in
old age:bh on, s.m. White top-knot,
H br; bor, s.m.= bur; gray hairs; old age:bha khkar, bh
bor, qq.v. khapp s.m. Decrepit old man; worn-out
animal:bh hon, v.n. To become old or
H baurh, adj.=baurh; baur, aged.
qq.v.
H bauh, adj.=baur; baurah,
H bor (dim. of bor), s.f. A gunny qq.v.
bag; a bag in which bankers keep rupees; a
measure of three maunds. H buhp, = H
buh-pan, = H bh-pan,
H baur, s.f. Parched barley. s.m. Old age, &c.=buh-p, &c. q.v.

P boriy, briy (cf. bor), s.m. A mat H buh-pan, = H

made of palm leaves.
buhp, = H bh-pan, s.m.
H bau, s.m. Creeping plant, Old age, &c.=buh-p, &c. q.v.
&c.=bawar, q.v.
H bh-pan, = H
H bo, s.m. A kind of bean=bor, buhp, = H buh-pan,
q.v. s.m. Old age, &c.=buh-p, &c. q.v.

H b, bo (see bh), adj. H bauh-pan, s.m.=baur-

Old, dilapidated, broken; toothless. pan, q.v.

H bau, adj.=baur; b`ol, qq.v. H bh, s.f. An old

woman=buh, q.v.

375
 P bosa (see bos), s.m. Kiss (syn. m):
H bauhaiy, s.m.=buhp, q.v. bosa-bz, s.f. Kissing and toying, dalliance
(=bos o kinr):bosa den (-ko), To give a
kiss, to kiss:bosa len (-k), To take a kiss
H b, s.f. Point of a spear; spike at (from), to kiss.
the end of a staff.
P bos, s.f. Kissing (used in comp., e.g.
H bau, s.f. A land measure; the qadam-bos, s.f. Feet-kissing; obeisance).
twentieth part of a kau.
P bosidag (abst. subst. from bosda), s.f.
Rottenness, decay, corruption.
H biy (b, rt. of bn+iy =
S.), s.m. A diver (syn. gota-or; gawwz). P bosda (perf. part. of bosdan, 'to decay,'
&c.; cf. S.), part. adj. Decayed,
P boz, s.m. Cream-coloured horse, a horse dilapidated, worn out, old, rotten; stale.
of a white colour tinged with red or brown.
P A ba-wasla, adv. Through or by the
P boz, s.m.=boza, q.v. medium (of), through the instrumentality (of),
by means (of).
P bzna, bozna, = P boznna, s.m.
Monkey, ape (syn. bandar). P bog, s.m. Outer covering, wrapper;
pouch:bog-band, s.m. Cloth in which
P boznna, = P bzna, bozna, s.m. anything is wrapped up.
Monkey, ape (syn. bandar).
P bogr, s.m. A dish made of boiled meat,
P bza, boza, s.m. Liquor made from rice, flour, &c.:bogra nikaln (-k), To be severely
barley, or millet; beer:boza-na, s.m. Beer- beaten.
shop; boozing ken:boza-gar, s.m. Maker of,
or dealer, in the liquor called boza:boza-gar, P bogm (cf. bog), s.m. Trumpery, trifles,
s.f. Brewing of boza. scraps, rags, &c.; the stores of a wallet (cf. bal-
bogm);adj. f. Ugly and fat (woman).
P bza, s.m. The Ibis (=buzz, q.v.).
A bq, s.m. Trumpet, clarion.
P bzna, s.m.=bzna, q.v.
P A ba-waqt, adv. In the time (of), at the
H bs, s.m.=bhus, q.v. time (of).

P bos (rt. of bosdan; fr. S. , by
transposn.), act. part. Kissing (used in
comp.);s.m. Kissing, kiss (=bosa):bos o
kinr, s.m. Kissing and toying, dalliance
(=bosa-bz).
P bos, s.m.= bosa, q.v.
A b-qalamn, adj. & s.m. See s.v. b.
H boqla (corr. of A. baqla), s.m. Pot-herb.
H bk [S. ?, rt. ], s.m. Land
recovered by the recession of a river (cf.
bkr).

P A ba-wastat, adv. By the medium, H bok [S. ], s.m. He-goat

through the instrumentality (of), by means (of). (=bakr); ram. tup.
P bstn, bostn (bo + stn), s.m. lit.
H bk (see bkn), s.m. Powder, any
'Place of fragrance'; flower-garden; pleasure
garden; name of a celebrated work by the pulverized substance (=bukn, q.v.).
Persian poet and moralist Sa`d.
H bk [S. ], s.m. Small pearl
H biwasth [S. ], s.f. (cf. mot).
Judicial decree according to Hind law
(=bewasth; fatw). H bok, s.m. He-goat (=bok, q.v.);
basket or leather bucket (generally of goat's
hide) for throwing water to a higher elevation.

376

H bkr (see bk), s.m. Land cluster of blossoms, shoot, sprout, sprig (syn.
recovered by the recession of a river, but
rendered useless by a deposit of sand.
H bokr, s.m. He-goat (=bok;
bakr, qq.v.).
H bokr, s.f. She-goat (=bakr,
q.v.).
H bokl, s.m. Bark of a tree,
&c.=bakl, q.v.
H baul [S. ], s.m. Blossom, bud,
manjar; kal;cf. baur).
H baul, s.m.=bau, q.v.
A baul, s.m. Urine:baul-dn, s.m.
Chamber-pot:baul-gh, s.f. The urethra.
H bol (perf. part. of boln), s.m.
Verbal agreement between two parties:bol-
l, s.f. Talk, conversation=bol-l, q.v.s.v.
bol.

H baul, adj. Toothless (syn. popl;

H bkn [S. ; or +,
rt. ], v.t. To pound, pulverize, comminute,
grind, reduce to powder, to powder.
H bkn [S. ], v.t. (prov.), To
eat, enjoy, take in or down (=khn; e.g. haw
bkn, 'to take the air,'=haw khn).
H bkn (from bkn), s.f.
Powder=bukn, q.v.
H bka; bok; see bk, and bok.
H bol (rt. of boln, q.v.), s.m. Speech,
speaking, word, talk, conversation, delivery,
utterance, cry, voice; phrase, sentence; tune, air;
words of a song; verse; taunt, jeer:bol-as,
s.m. Making over one's share to another by
word of mouth:bol-as, s.f. The holder of
another's share or inheritance; adopted heir:
bol-bl, s.m. & adj. lit. 'High speech';
prosperity, success;prosperous (a benediction
used by faqrs);bol-bl hon, v.n. To
prosper:bol-ban`o, s.m. (Gram.) Etymology
(syn. arf):bol-bih`o, s.m. (Gram.) Prosody
(syn. hand; `arz):bol-jo, s.m. (Gram.)
Syntax (syn. nav):bol-l, s.f. Talk,
conversation, colloquy, confabulation; mode of
speech, idiom, dialect; diction; words, dispute,
altercation:bol-l hon (-k), To speak,
exchange words, converse together (after
estrangement); to have words, to fall out,
quarrel:bol abn, v.n. To swallow (one's)
words, keep quiet, be silent:bol mrn (-k),
To taunt, ridicule; to disregard what is said,
pretend not to hear (generally, in this sense, in
connection with the words kn-me; e.g. kn-
me bol mrn).
H bol [S. ], s.m. Gum-myrrh. bolne-wl, s.m. Bidder at an auction:bol-
murl).
H bauln [baul = baulw =
Prk. (), or (), fr. S. ; H.
b`ol], v.n. To go mad, become crazy, turn
rabid; to lose presence of mind, lose (one's) wits
(also written baurn).
H bolt (imperf. part. of boln), adj.
(f. -), Saying; speaking, talking (e.g. bolt
main, 'a talking main);s.m. Faculty of
speech; life, soul; a thing which sounds; pipe or
uqqa (in the language of faqrs).
H boln [bol = Prk. (), or
(); S. (), rt. ; or, prob. S. (),
pass. of rt. , corrupted to ( )], v.n. To
speak, talk, tell, say, utter, pronounce, declare,
give utterance to; to bid (at an auction); to cry
(one's wares); to give forth sound, to sound, to
bark (as a dog, &c.), chirp (as a bird, and the
like, according to the animal); to strike (as a
clock, &c.); to crack (with a sound), split,
break; to be brisk or active (as a market):
boln-ln, v.n. To converse, speak
together:bol-n, v.n. To leave word; to order
(as goods, &c.):bol-uhn, v.n. To speak out,
exclaim, cry out:bol-jn, v.n. To leave word
(with, or at); to be proclaimed (on change), to
be bankrupt; to be over, come to an end; to
become; old or worn out, give signs of decay,
&c.; to crack, split, break (as a vessel):bolan-
hr, bolan-hr, s.m. Speaker, &c.
H bol, s.f. Speech, language, dialect;
conversation, talk, saying; mode of speaking,
idiom; bid (at an auction); song or note (of
birds), chirrup; taunt, jeer; ridicule:bol
hol, s.f. Reproach, blame; taunt, jeer; ridicule,

377
raillery:bol-hol (or simply bol) phekn, apakn, v.n. To drip; to trickle:bd urn,
or sunn, or karn, or kasn, or mrn, v.n. To v.n. To secrete semen, to conceive (a
reproach, speak (at), jeer, taunt, laugh (at), woman):bd-k bd, adj. Rectified,
ridicule, make fun (of). doubly-distilled (spirit, sharb), very strong
(wine):bd hon, v.n. To appear like a
H baul (prob. corr. from bh`ol), speck (a kite); to rise to a great height, to be
s.f. Settlement direct with the peasant; a kind of scarcely visible; (hence) to disappear.
assessment.
H bd, s.m. A large drop:bd-
P bm [Pehl. bm; Zend bmi; S. bhmi], ti d s.f. Small and interrupted dropping of
s.m. Land, ground, soil; region, country;the rain; drizzle; distillation, filtration.
owl.
H baud [S. +], s.m.
H bon [S. , rt. ], v.t. To Capsule, pod seed-vessel; cf. bo).
sow, plant; to cultivate; to have (a cow or
buffalo) bulled;s.m. sowing; seed-time:bo- H bdk, s.f. Small drop; spot,
den, v.t.=bon.
speck, dot (=bundk, q.v.).
H baun [S. +], adj. & s.m.
H bd (dim. of bd), s.f. Small
Dwarfish;dwarf; the fifth avatr, or
incarnation of Vishnu (=bman, q.v.). drop; small rain, rain-drops; droppings; a kind
of sweetmeat like drops; comfits (=bund).
H baut, s.m. (prov.)=byot, q.v.
H baud, bod (dim. of baud),
s.f. The germs of a plant after the flower is
H
bu [S. ], s.m. Sprig, stalk, shed; an ear of jwr grain; flower of the kanr.
stem; the plant of 'gram' or chick-pea (Cicer
arietinum) with the green pods on it; the green H bau, s.m. Creeper, vine,
pods of the chick-pea; chick-pea, gram
(local);adj. Small, diminutive, stumpy; &c.=bawar, q.v.
compact and firm (as a pony, &c.;cf. but):
b-pul`o, s.m. A dish made of green chick- H bo, s.m.=baud, q.v.
pea and rice.
H bawanar, bauar [S.
H bot, = H bon, [S.
+], s.m. Whirlwind, a devil.
, ], s.m. Stalk, stem; stump (=b);
stopple;finger, &c.=bo. H baun (from bau), v.n. To
twine (round), entwine (as creepers, or vines).
H bon, = H bot, [S.
, ], s.m. Stalk, stem; stump (=b); H bo, s.f.=baud, q.v.
stopple;finger, &c.=bo.
H bauiyn (from bau,
H
b, s.m.=b, q.v. q.v.), v.n. To wind or twine (round); to run
irregularly or in a crooked direction with turns
H b, s.f.=b, q.v.;name of a and windings.
game among children.
H baug, bog [S. ], s.m.
H bd [S. ] , s.f. Drop; drop of Litharge, protoxide of lead.
rain;blood; semen;a kind of spotted silk:
adj. Good, excellent, fine, grand, superb (the H bog, baug, s.m. Stack of
word is used, in familiar phraseology, to serve straw; heap of chaff; a hollow bamboo; a
as the standard of excellence, &c., and drill;the whole shell of a gourd, or of a
corresponds to our phrases 'the pink of,' 'the cocoa-nut.
essence of'):bd-bd, adv. Drop by drop,
by drops; every drop of, to the last drop:bd

378
H baug, adj. Awkward, clumsy,
uncouth, rude (syn. an); stupid; foolish.
H baug, s.f. Rude speech.
H bon (from bon, q.v.), s.f.
Sowing; season of sowing, seed-time.
H bon, s.f.=bohn, q.v.:bon-
hon, s.f. Idem.
H b` [S. ], s.f. Goblin, bogie (a
word used to frighten children).
H bo` (from bon), s.f. Sowing,
cultivation:bo`-bh, s.m. Assessment to be
realized on cultivation.
P b`e, bo`e, s.f.=b, b, q.v. (b`e is the
usual form, necessarily, when the word governs
a following subst. in the gen. case).

H baun &c. [S. ], s.f. Female H boym, s.m. Jar (for pickles,
dwarf (see oaun). &c.; syn. imrat-bn, martabn).

H bowaiya [S. +], s.m. H boyar, s.m. Land under

Sower of seed. cultivation; land not allowed to lie fallow.

H bauh, adj. Affected with the H bawer [S. +], s.m.

venereal disease, &c.=bawh, q.v. Sowing, &c.=bo`r, q.v.
H bawesiy, adj. & s.m.=babes,
H bohn, v.t. To set afloat q.v.
(=bahn, q.v.); to send away; to separate.
H bo`iy [S. +], s.m. A
H bauh` (from bauh), s.f. A small basket (such as seed is carried in when
woman affected with the venereal disease; sowing); a work-basket.
syphilis, the pox.
P ba [Old P. up, Zend and S. upa], prep.
H bohit, bauhit [S. ], s.m. (separable form), By, with, &c. (see the
inseparable form ba).
Vessel, ship, boat.
S bahu (in Hind comp. sometimes contr.
H bohr, bauhr [S. , rt.
to bah), adj. Much, many; large, great:bahu-
, with and ], s.m. A class of village br, adv. Many times; often, repeatedly:bahu-
bankers or money-lenders; an individual of that bh, adj. & s.m. Many-armed; the many-
class. (The Bohrs are Mohammadans, who armed, an epithet of Rva:bahu-baan, s.m.
came originally from Guzrt) (In Gram.), The plural number;bahu-baan-
nt, adj. (In Gram.), Ending with a sign of the
H bauhr, s.f. Parched barley plural number:bahu-bars, adj. (In Bot.),
(=baur). Perennial:bahu-bhgya, adj. Very
fortunate:bahu-bhti, adv. In a variety of
ways:bahu-bhuj, adj. & s.m. Many-sided,
H bohn [S. + ], s.f.
multilateral;a polygon:bahu-patra, s.m.
Handsel; first sale for ready money early in the Talc; anything having many leaves or layers:
day (considered as a good omen and as bahu-patr, s.f. The drug Trigonella fnum
determining the luck of the day.The Grcum:bahu-putra, adj. & s.m. (f. -),
etymology is doubtful: some trace the word to Having many children;the tree Echites
bhawn, because ascribed to the auspices of scholaris:bahu-putr, s.f. The plant Asparagus
that goddess; others derive it from the root racemosus:bahu-pau, s.m. (bahu-pav, f.), A
vridh). very clever person:bahu-pravh, adj. Flowing
in many streams:bahu-phal, adj. & s.m. Very
H bohodiy, s.m. A man who fruitful, fertile;the kadamb tree, Nauclea
(having no plough of his own) works with a cadamba:bahu-pahl, adj. Having many
borrowed plough, spade, &c. sides=bahu-bhuj;bahu-pahl sikhar, s.m. A
multilateral pyramid:bahu-phal, s.f. The
opposite-leaved fig-tree:bahu-twakka, s.m. A
H bauh, s.f.=bauh`, q.v.

379
species of birch-tree (syn. bhoj):bahu-drisha,
bahu-darak, bahu-dar, adj. Seeing much;
paying attention to many things; much-seeing;
far-seeing; taking a broad aud comprehensive
view; circumspect, cautious, fore-casting,
prudent, experienced:bahu-dugdhik, s.f.
Any plant (as the various species of Euphorbia)
yielding a caustic milky juice:bahu-dosh, adj.
Having many faults, full of faults or defects;
very bad, very wicked:bahu-dhan, adj.
Having much wealth, very rich:bahu-rang,
adj. & s.m. Many-hued, variegated, checkered;
variable in colour; various; changeable, fickle,
inconstant, unsteady, wavering;a changeable,
fickle, or inconstant person; one who assumes
various characters and disguises (=bahu-
rpiy):bahu-rp, bah-rp, adj. & s.m. (f. -), original grammatical character, and together
Many-formed, variously-shaped, multiform;
many-hued, variegated, checkered; of varied
aspect, diverse, manifold;the chameleon;
anything of varied aspect, &c.;mimicry;
disguise; the resin of Shorea robusta; the sun;
hair; an epithet of Brahma, of Vishnu, of iva,
of the god of love, of a Rudra, of a Buddh:
bahu-rp, s.f. One of the seven tongues of
fire:bahu-rp, adj. & s.m.=bahu-rp, and Containing much seed (=bahu-vj);the plant
bahu-rpiy, qq.v.:bahu-rpiy, bah-rpy, Terminalia bellerica; the plant Amaranthus
adj. & s.m. (f. bahu-rpin), Of various shapes or
forms; false, insincere;a person who assumes
various characters and disguises, actor, mimic;
one of the class of Indians who practise
mimicry; dissembler, pretender, hypocrite;
impostor, cheat:bahu-rpya, s.m. Mimicry:
bahu-rekh, s.m. Many lines, wrinkles, furrows,
marks of care or pain or trouble:bahu-sut,
s.f. The plant Asparagus racemosus:bahu-s,
s.f. A woman who has given birth to many
children:bahu-kh, adj. Having many
branches or ramifications:bahu-atru, adj.
Having many enemies:bahu-kl, s.m. A long
while, a length of time:bahu-kln, adj. Of
long standing, old, antiquated, ancient:bahu-
kanak, s.m. The marshy date-tree; the prickly
plant Hedysarum alhagi; name of several kinds
of prickly plants:bahu-kh, s.m. A
polygon:bahu-gu, adj. Many-threaded,
composed of many threads; manifold, many
times over, multifarious, much; having many
good qualities or virtues, variously excellent:
bahu-gandh, s.m. The resin of Boswellia
thurifera, olibanum; cinnamon:bahu-gandh,
s.f. The flower of Michelia champaka; the plant
Jasminum auriculatum; the Arabia jasmine;
the plant Nigella indica; name of several other
odoriferous plants:bahu-mn, s.m. Great
respect, reverence:bahu-mitra, adj. Having
many friends:bahu-mrtti, adj. Many-formed,
multiform, variously-shaped:bahu-ml, adj.
& s.m. Many-rooted;the grass or reed
Hyperanthera moringa:bahu-mol, bahu-
mlya, adj. & s.m. High-priced, costly, dear,
expensive; precious;a great price, large sum
of money:bahu-ml, s.f. The plant
Asparagus racemosus:bahu-ml, s.f. The
plant Emblica officinalis:bahu-mlyat, s.f.
Costliness, valuableness; expensiveness;
preciousness:bahu-vd, adj. & s.m.
Loquacious;a great talker:bahu-vr, s.m.
The fruit Cordia myxa, or C. latifolia:bahu-
vaan, s.m.=bahu-baan, q.v.:=bahu-vidh,
bahu-vidhi, adj. Of several descriptions, of
many sorts or kinds, various, manifold:bahu-
vrhi, s.m. lit. 'Possessing much rice'; (in Gram.)
A relative or adjective compound (a class of
compounds in which the last member, being a
substantive, loses its independence as well as its
with the first member serves only to qualify or
define another word; the words so formed are
usually called epithets; e.g. atur-bhuj, 'the
four-armed,' an epithet of Vishnu. The word
bahu-vrhi itself is an example of this rule):
bahu-vj, adj. & s.m. Containing much seed,
having many seeds;the custard-apple,
Annona squamosa:bahu-vrya, adj. & s.m.
polygonoides; the plant Bombax heptaphyllum;
the plant Vangueria spinosa; name of several
other plants.
P bihi, bih, s.f. The quince=bih, q.v.:bih-
dna, s.m. Quince seeds (used as a demulcent in
certain complaints).
P beh, adj. Good; better (=beh-tar):beh-
bd, beh-bd, s.f. Well-being, welfare; health,
vigour (syn. beh-tar); beh-bd-e-al`iq, s.f.
Public benefit or good.
A bihi, bih (bi+hi), With it, by it (see bi).
H bha, the twenty-fourth consonant of
the Ngar alphabet, and the fourth letter of the
fifth or labial class, being the aspirate of b, and
said to be pronounced like bh in 'cabhorse':
bha-kr, s.m. The letter or sound bh.
P bah, s.m. Price, value:bah-e-il`at,
s.m. A tax raised in order to defray the expenses
of il`ats or honorary dresses:bah-e-n,
s.m. Blood-money (paid to the relations of a
person slain):bah-e-kga, s.m. Allowance
for office paper, red-tape, &c.
H bah (perf. part. of bahn, q.v.), adj.
Flowed; floated; afloat, adrift:bah-phirn,
bah-bah phirn, v.n. To wander, to be a waif;
380
to be in a distressed or destitute condition; to usual presents (generally given by the bride's
roll about in a state of intoxication. mother).

H bhbar, s.m. A grass of which S bht, s.m. Dawn, early morning.

rope is made; a species of nettle;light black
soil;name of a large forest at the foot of the H bhti, s.f.=bhti, q.v.
Sewalik hills.
H bht, s.m.=bhatt, q.v.
H bhbh, = H bhb,
[S. +; or H. bh`+b = b-b], s.f.
H bht (imperf. part. of bhn), adj.
Brother's wife, sister-in-law (syn. bhwaj,
Agreeable to the mind, pleasing, charming
bhauj`, bhauj).
(=bhy and man-bhwan).

H bhb, = H bhbh,
H bhth [S. ], s.f. Quiver (for
[S. +; or H. bh`+b = b-b], s.f. arrows).
Brother's wife, sister-in-law (syn. bhwaj,
bhauj`, bhauj). H bhth, s.f. Bellows=bhh, q.v.

H bhb, adj.=bhv, q.v.

H bht (from bht), s.f. A
Mohammadan ceremony which consists in
H bhp, = H bhph, [S. sending cooked rice or other food, for three
; see bph], s.m. Steam, vapour, days, to the house in which a death has taken
place; the food, &c. so sent.
exhalation; hot breath (=bph):bhp bharn,
v.t. To feed its young with its bill (a pigeon).
H bhta`, s.m. One who presents
H bhph, = H bhp, [S. bht; maker of presents at the ceremony of bht;
a relative of the bride or bridegroom on the
; see bph], s.m. Steam, vapour, mother's side; a term of abuse.
exhalation; hot breath (=bph):bhp bharn,
v.t. To feed its young with its bill (a pigeon). H bh [S. ], s.m. Name of a
particular mixed caste of hereditary panegyrists;
H bhpn, = H bard, minstrel, panegyrist, genealogist or family
bhphn, [S. ], v.t. To conceive; to bard; eulogist; flatterer.
guess; to comprehend; to make out, know, see
through. H bh, s.m.=bhh, q.v.

H bhphn, = H H bh, s.m. The egg-plant=bhan,

bhpn, [S. ], v.t. To conceive; to q.v.
guess; to comprehend; to make out, know, see
through.
H bht [S. ], s.m. Advances to
ploughmen without interest, &c.=bht and
bhatt, qq.v.);boiled rice; food;a marriage
ceremony which consists in the mother's family
presenting rice, mg, garments, money, &c. to
the bride (generally on the second day's
feast);name of a soil to the north of the
Ganges (that retains its humidity for a long
time, and contains a large quantity of nitre);
uneven ground:bht-nautan, s.m. The
invitation to the grand-parents of the bride to
attend the ceremony of bht and to make the
H bh, s.m. A stone (used as a
weight)=b, q.v.
H bhan, s.f. A female of the bh
caste; wife of a bh; female minstrel.
H bhh, s.m. Flow, course;
stream, current; tide, ebb-tide (see bhh).
H bhh, s.f. Current, stream;
down-stream;adj. With the current
(=bhahiyl.The word, in its Prakrit form,
occurs in Sanskrit, in the compound rya-bh,
'royal, or main, stream').

381
H bhh [S. ], s.f. Bellows. bhdra-pad, s.f. A name common to the third
and fourth lunar asterisms or Nakshatras
(=bhadra-pad).
H bh, s.f. Down-stream,
&c.=bhh, q.v. P bahdur, s.f. Bravery, courage, valour,
heroism.
H bhhiyl, adj.=bhahiyl,
q.v. H bhadaw, bhdw,
s.m.=bhdo, q.v.
H bhj, s.m.=bhj, q.v.
H bhdo [S. +], s.m. The
H bhjar, = H bhja, fifth month of the Hinds (corresponding to a
period in our calendar from about the middle of
(from bhjn), s.f. Running off, flight (=bhga,
August to the middle of September), when the
q.v.).
moon is full near the wing of Pegasus:
bhdo-k bharan, s.f. Heavy August rains,
H bhja, = H bhjar, which fill the tanks, &c., and flood the fields:
(from bhjn), s.f. Running off, flight (=bhga, bhdo-ke onge, bhdo-ke saakke, s.m.
q.v.). Light showers in the month of Bhdo.

S bhjak, adj. Dividing;s.m. (in H bhdow, adj. & s.m.

Arith.) Divisor. Relating or pertaining to the month Bhdo, or
to the harvest gathered in that month;the
S bhjan, s.m. (in Arith.), autumnal crop (=bhda`).
Division;vessel, pot, dish, plate (syn. bsan).
P bahr [Pehl. vahar; Zend vahra, fr. vah;
H bhjn [bhj = Prk. cf. S. ; ], s.f. Spring, prime, bloom,
()=S. (), pass. (used actively) of flourishing state; beauty, glory, splendour,
elegance; beautiful scene or prospect, fine
rt. ], v.n. To run away, flee, &c. (=bhgn, landscape; charm, delight, enjoyment, the
q.v.). pleasures of sense, taste, or culture:bahr-par
n, v.n. To blossom, bloom; to flourish:
H bhjn [S. ], v.t. To fry, bahar-istn, s.m. A place adorned with the
bloom of spring; a lovely or beautiful spot;
roast, grill, parch (syn. bhnn).
title of a Persian work by Jm:bahr ln (-
k), To snatch pleasure or delight (from), to
H bhj [S. ; rt. ], s.f. revel in:bahr-k tel, s.m. Oil scented with
Share, portion (particularly of food); present; orange blossom.
distribution of food among friends and
neighbours; the food so distributed. H bihr [S. ; rt. with ],
s.m. Roving for pleasure, wandering; diversion,
H bhj (from bhjn, 'to fry'), s.f. amusement, recreation, sport, pastime; name of
Greens; (especially) fried or cooked greens a province in Bengal:bihr-asthal, s.m. Place
(syn. sg). of amusement, &c.:bihr-karn, v.n. To rove,
stroll, &c.; to divert or amuse oneself.
H bhjya, adj. & s.m. To be
divided, divisible, fit or requiring to be S bhr, s.m. Load, burden (= bojh);
portioned or distributed;portion, share, weight, gravity; a weight of gold equal to 2,000
inheritance; (in Arith.) the dividend. palas; fagot; yoke for carrying burdens; charge,
trust, responsibility:bhr utrn (-k), To put
P bahdur, adj. & s.m. Brave, bold, valiant, down a load or burden; to throw off the
courageous, high-spirited;hero, champion, responsibility (of); to deliver (from), to redeem,
knight; (at the end of a name) a title equivalent make atonement (for):bhr-kas, s.m. A cart
to the English 'Honourable.' (=P. br-kash); the strap which fastens a horse,
&c. to the shafts or pole of a carriage, or cart,
S bhdra, s.m. The month Bhdo, &c.:bhr-grasta, adj. & s.m. Weighted,
q.v.:bhdra-pad, bhdra-ms, s.m.=bhdra: loaded, burdened, oppressed;an oppressed

382
person, &c.:bhr-vha, bhr-vhik, s.m. Krisha; name of a Hind poet (a proper name
Bearer of burdens, porter, carrier (syn. moiy; generally among Hinds).
kahr):bhr-vriksh (vulg. bhr-briksh), s.m.
A fragrant substance (commonly called kksh), H buhr, s.m.=buhr;
considered variously as a vegetable and a s.f.=buhrn, qq.v.:buhr den, v.t. To sweep
mineral product.
(=jh den).

H bhr, adj. Corr. of bhir or bhar,

S bhr, adj. Heavy, weighty,
q.v.
ponderous, massive, unwieldy; large, big,
bulky; great, grand; crowded (as a meeting or
H bhr [S. ], s.m. Load, fair); swollen, inflamed; of importance,
burden (=bhr); throwing any burden or important, momentous, grave, serious; valuable,
responsibility on a person;scaffolding. costly; patient; difficult, hard, laborious,
burdensome, troublesome, grievous, oppressive,
P bahrn, s.f. (?) The spring season unsupportable, insufferable, distressing; dull,
(=bahr). dun, dark (as colour); heavy-footed, slow,
sluggish (of pace); hoarse, deep, bass (voice);
S bhrat, adj. & s.m. Descended hard-of-hearing; loud-sounding; sad, dull,
dejected (in mind or spirits), languid;s.m.
from Bharat;a descendant of Bharat; the great
Carrier of burdens, porter, &c.:bhr wz,
epic of the Hinds (containing the account of
s.f. Hoarse, or deep, sound or tone; bass or deep
Yudhisthir's war, and usually called the Mah-
voice:bhr-bharkam, adj. Grave, serious,
bhrat); name of India Proper (so called
solemn; sedate; patient, long-suffering:bhr
because it was the patrimony of Bharat, son of
Dushyant, who is said to have been the first patthr mkar hon, To withdraw from a
difficult or impracticable undertaking:bhr
monarch of all India):bhrat-khan,
lagn, v.n. To weigh heavily (upon); to feel the
s.m.=bharat-khan, q.v.s.v bharat:bhrat-
burden (of); to be heavy, tedious, or
varsha, s.m. India Proper:bhrat-varsh, adj.
tiresome:bhr hon, To be heavy, or
Indian.
burdensome; to feel the burden (of), be weary
(of); to be heavy, dull, dejected; to weigh
H bhrj, s.f.=bhry, q.v. heavier (than, -par), to outweigh.

S bhradwj, s.m. A skylark; S bhry, s.f. Wife, spouse; married

wild cotton; a bone;a proper name. woman; a musical mode; the wife of a rg or
deity presiding over a musical mode:
H buhran (see next), s.f. bhryik, s.m. A husband under the rule of his
Sweepings; a duster. wife, a hen-pecked husband.

H buhrn [buhr = Prk. S bhrytwa, s.m. Wifehood,

state of being a wife; condition of a wife.
(), or ()=S. (), rt.
++ ], v.t. To sweep; to dust (syn. jhn; H bhr-pan, s.m. Heaviness,
jh den). weightiness, weight.

H buhrn (from buhrn), s.f. S bhrya, adj. & s.m. To be borne;

Instrument for sweeping, broom, besom. to be supported, to be cherished or nourished, to
be maintained; dependent for a livelihood on
H buhr [S. ++], s.m. another;servant, dependent, mercenary.
One who sweeps, sweeper.
H bh [S. ], s.m. Oven, furnace,
P bahr, adj. Of, or relating to, the spring; kiln, fire-place for parching grain:bh-
vernal. jhokn, v.n. To light or heat the oven; to make a
fire of sticks, leaves, &c. for parching grain,
H bihr [S. , ], adj. &c.; to put fuel on the fire, feed the fire; (fig.)
Sportive, frolicsome, gay;prop. n. Name of to take up a mean occupation:bh-me
jhokn, bh-me ln, v.t. To throw into the
fire; to fling away, cast to the dogs.

383
 S bhshya, s.m. Speaking, talking;
H bh [S. ], s.m. Wages of any work in the common or vernacular speech;
prostitution; price of fornication:bh khn, explanatory work, exposition, commentary.
v.n. To live on the wages of prostitution (not
the woman, but her dependants);s.m. A pimp, H bhk, s.f.=bhkh, and bhsh,
&c. (=bhau`, q.v.). qq.v.

H bh [S. ], s.m. Hire, fare, S bhkta, = S

freight, carriage, rent; price, recompense: bhktik, s.m. One who is fed by another,
bhe-k a, s.m. Hired pony; hack; (fig.) the dependant, follower, retainer.
slave of necessity or habit.
S bhktik, = S
H bh [S. +], s.m. Pimp;
bhkta, s.m. One who is fed by another,
cuckold, &c.=bhau,, q.u. dependant, follower, retainer.

H bhot, bhaut [S. H bhks, s.f. Dungeon, cell,

+], s.m. One who plies for hire prison; dry well (=bhaks); furnace, kiln=bh).
(=bhaot).
H bhkh, s.f. Language, speech,
H bhsur [S. + ], s.m. &c.=bhsh, q.v.:bhkh-bhkha, s.m. lit.
Husband's eldest brother, brother-in-law. 'Ornament of speech'; literature.

S bhsur, adj. & s.m. Shining, H bhkhn [S. ], v.n. To

splendid;crystal; a hero; Costus speciosus or speak, say;v.t. To tell; to call.
Arabicus.
S bhs-kar, adj. & s.m. Light- H bihg, s.m. One of the rgs or
causing, shining, glittering, resplendent;the musical modes.
sun; fire; gold; a hero; name of a famous Hind
astronomer (commonly called Bhskarrya); H bhg (see bhgn), s.m. Part,
the plant Calotropis gigantea. portion, member, share, lot, division; allotment,
partition, distribution, apportionment; share in a
H bhsn [S. ; rt. ], partnership, or of an inheritance; share in kind;
v.n. To be manifest, to appear, be known. (in Arith.) division; tax, duty (as being the share
of government); good portion, fortunate lot,
S bhswar, adj. & s.m. Shining, good fortune, luck; fortune, lot, fate, destiny;
part of any whole, a fraction; a degree, or 360th
radiant, &c. (=bhsur);the sun, daylight; part of the circumference of a circle:bhg-
day;Costus speciosus or Arabicus. ba`, s.f. Allotment of shares; apportionment
in kind:bhg-bhar, adj. (f. -), Fortunate,
S bhsh, s.f. Language, speech; the lucky, propitious; prosperous; happy:bhg-
vernacular of any country; dialect; the Hind bharos, s.m. Dependence on fate;
language; a word; plaint at law; an epithet of consolation:bhg phn (-k), To be
Sarasvat (the goddess of speech); one of the unfortunate:bhg jgn, bhg khuln (-k),
rgins or musical modes:bhshtmak, To be in luck, be fortunate or prosperous (syn.
bhshtmik (bhsh + tmaka) =bhsh-bandh, bat bedr hon):bhg-dr, s.m.
adj. Written in a vernacular. Shareholder, sharer:bhg den, v.t. To divide
(into, -me; by, -k):bhg karn (-k), To
S bhshit, part. & s.m. Spoken, divide, allot, apportion, distribute:bhg
uttered, said;speech, utterance. lagn (-k) = bhg den and bhg karn;
bhg lagn, v.n. To be favoured by fortune,
become fortunate; to make a show, give oneself
S bhsha, s.m. Speaking, talking,
airs:bhg-wr, adj. According to, or in
saying; speech, talk; language. proportion to, the shares; held upon a joint
tenure or share (land):bhg-hr, s.m. (in
Arith.), Division.

384
H bhg (perf. part. of bhgn), adj. S bhgin (fem. of bhg), s.f.
& s.m. Running:bhg n, v.n. To come Partner; co-heiress;sister (= bhagin; bahin).
running:bhg-bhg, s.m. & adv. Running
away, flight, scamper, stampede;at a S bhgineya, s.m. Sister's son
scamper, at full speed, helter-skelter:bhg-
(=bhj, q.v.).
hu`, adj.=bhg.
H bhg, s.m. Runaway, deserter,
H bhgt (imperf. part. of
&c. (=bhagg, q.v.).
bhgn), adj. & s.m. Running, flying;one
running, runaway, fugitive.
H bhgwn [S. + ],
H bhga (from bhgn), s.f. Flight, adj.=bhgmn, q.v.
escape from immediate danger, general
emigration; panic, stampede (=bhg-bhg; S bhgavat, s.m. Name of one
bhja). of the most celebrated of the eighteen
Puras:bhgavat-rp, adj. After the manner
H bihg, s.m.=bihg, q.v. of the Bhgavat.

H bhgo, s.m.=bhago, q.v.

H bhgs, s.f.=bhks, q.v.

H bhg, adj. & s.m. Sharing,

H bhgal, s.m.=bhagal, q.v.
participating; fortunate;sharer, partaker,
participator, partner, accomplice; heir; a
H bhgalpur, bhgalpr, s.m. fortunate person:bhg-dr, s.m. Sharer,
Name of a district and town in Bengal. participator, partner.

H bhgalpur, bhgalpr, H bhgrath, s.m.=bhagrath,

adj. & s.m. Appertaining to Bhgalpr, of q.v.
Bhgalpr;a kind of silk and cotton cloth
(originally) manufactured at Bhgalpr. S bhgrath, s.f. Name of
the Ganges; also of one of the three main
H bhgal, adj.=bhagal, q.v. streams or branches of the Ganges, viz. the
great western branch.
H bhgmn [S. +],
adj. Favoured of the fates, fortunate; rich, H bhgel, s.m.=bhagel, q.v.
prosperous; munificent, charitable.
S bhgya, s.m. Fortune, luck,
H bhgmn, s.f. chance, fate, destiny (=bhg):bhgya-mn;
Fortunateness, fortunate destiny, good fortune, bhgy-mn; bhgya-wn; bhgya-wn;
prosperity. bhgya-want = bhg-mn, bhg-mn, and
bhg-wn, qq.v.:bhgya-hn, adj. Not
H bhgmat (fem. of favoured by fortune, unfortunate, wretched,
bhgmn), s.f. Fortunate female. poor:bhgya-hnat, s.f. Unfortunateness,
wretchedness, poverty.
H bhgn [bhg = Prk. (),
H bhl [S. ], s.f. Point or head of
or (), fr. =S. , p.p.p. of rt. ], an arrow, &c.; iron spike; spear, lance, pike;
v.n. To run, to run off or away, fly, flee, take adj. (in Bot.), Lanceolate:bhl-dr, s.m.
flight, escape, abscond, make oneself scarce: Spearman, lancer.
bhg-jn, v.n. Intens. of, and=bhgn.
H bhl [], s.m. Bear=bhl,
H bhgnar, s.m. (?), The rich bhluk, q.v.
alluvial lands under the banks of the jamn.
S bhl, s.m.f. (?) Forehead, brow;
fortune; light, lustre:bhl-k (S. bhla +

385
aka, 'having auspicious marks on the S bhmin, s.f. An angry or
forehead'), s.m. A man born with lucky lines on passionate woman, vixen (often used as a term
his forehead; the fish Cyprinus rohita of endearment).
(commonly called the rohi); a species of
leguminous plant or pot-herb.
H bihn [S. ; or ], s.m.
H bhl [S. ], s.m. A large Dawn, day-light, day-break, morning, morrow
(syn. bhinsr):bihne, adv. At dawn, at day-
spear; lance (=bhl):bhl-bardr, s.m. break, in the morning, early, soon, betimes.
Spearman; lancer:bhl mrn, v.t. To spear.
S bhn, s.m. Appearance; perception,
S bhlk, s.m. See s.v. S. bhl.
consciousness; recollection.

H bhluk [S. , ], H bh, bhn [S. ], s.m. A

s.m. Bear. sort of dramatic entertainment; trumping up a
story.
H bhln [bhl = Prk. (), or
()=S. (), rt. ], v.t. To see (used H bhn, s.f. (prov.), Sister=bahin,
only in connection with dekhn, e.g. dekhn- q.v.:bhn-r, s.m. The quality or property
bhln). of sister; the relationship of sister, sisterhood,
sisterly affection (cf. bh`-r).
S bhlu, s.m. The sun.
S bhnu, and H. bhn, s.m.
H bhl, = H bhlk, Appearance, brightness, light; ray of light; the
sun; a planet; any luminary; master;
s.m. Bear (=bhluk, q.v.):bhlk-ol, s.m.
sovereign:bhnu-mn, adj. & s.m. (f. bhnu-
Hyena; a hybrid animal between a wolf and a
mat), Luminous, splendid, resplendent;
jackal.
beautiful, handsome;the sun; a handsome
person:bhnu-mat, s.f. A beautiful or
H bhlk, = H bhl, handsome woman:bhnu-wr, s.m. Sunday.
s.m. Bear (=bhluk, q.v.):bhlk-ol, s.m.
Hyena; a hybrid animal between a wolf and a H bahn, s.m.= bahna, q.v.
jackal.
H bahn (caus. of bahn), v.t. To
H bhlait [S. +], s.m.
make or cause to flow; to pour forth or out; to
Spear-man pikeman (=bhl-bardr).
set afloat or adrift, to launch; to squander,
waste; to sell cheap, to throw away:bah-
S bhm (rt. ), s.m. Light, den, v.t. To set afloat or adrift; to waste,
brightness, radiance, splendour; the sun;(rt. squander, impoverish, ruin, destroy, demolish;
), s.m. Passion, wrath, fury, anger;a to deprive of felicity or fortune.
sister's husband, brother-in-law.
H bihn [bih = bihy = Prk.
S bhm, s.f. A passionate woman (), or ()=S. (), rt.
(=bhmin). +], v.n. To spend or pass time.

S bhmin, = S bhm,
H bhn [S. +], v.n. To be
adj. & s.m. Passionate, angry; wrathful,
approved (of), to be acceptable (to, -ko), be
indignant; a passionate person, &c.
pleasing (to), to please; to be beloved, be held
dear; to suit, fit, become; to seem good or
S bhm, = S bhmin, befitting (syn. ah lagn).
adj. & s.m. Passionate, angry; wrathful,
indignant; a passionate person, &c. H bhpn, v.t.=bhphn, q.v.

H bhp, s.m. A knowing or astute

person, a sharp fellow.

386
 H bh [S. ], s.m. Jester,
H bhti, bht [S. , buffoon, actor, mime, mimic, strolling player
rt. ], s.f. Way, manner, mode, method, (usually a Musalmn); one who cannot keep a
secret, a blab.
style, fashion; variety, kind, sort, class;bh-
bh or bhti-bhti (-ke), adj. Various kinds
(of), various, diverse, of many kinds or sorts, H bh [S. ], s.m. Earthen
miscellaneous, multifarious:ah bht, pot or vessel (for holding grain, &c.); estate;
bhal-bht, adv. Well, thoroughly, fully, quite, equipage:bh ph (-k), To leak out,
soundly, severely, &c.:is bhti, adv. In this be disclosed (a secret); to lose one's
very way:kis bhti adv. By some means, character:bh-pho, s.m. One who
somehow:mer bhti, In my way, like me. discloses a secret, tell-tale, blab:bh
phon (-k), To betray a secret.
H bh [S. ], s.m. The
H bhr, s.m.=bhar, q.v.
medicinal plant Clerodedron infortunatum
(Linn.), or Volkameria infortunata (Roxb.).
H bhr, s.m.=bhar,
H bh, s.m.=bh; bha, qq.v. q.v.

H bhj [S. , rt. ], s.f. H bhin (fem. of bh), s.f.

Twisting; twist, turn, twine, coil (syn. aih; Female mimic or jester, actress.
bal).
H bhn [S. ], v.t. To
H bhj [S. , or chide, reproach; to calumniate; to abuse.
], s.m. Sister's son, nephew.
H bh [S. +], = H

H bhjn [S. , rt. ; bhait [S. +], s.m. Jester,

&c.=bh, q.v.
Prk. ], v.t. To break, destroy;to put
into circular motion; to turn on a lathe; to turn,
H bhait [S. +], = H
twirl, twist, wind; to wave, brandish; to count
one's beads; to repeat or recite (prayers, bh [S. +], s.m. Jester,
counting the beads the while). &c.=bh, q.v.

H bhjw (bhj+S. aff. H bhait, s.f. Jesting,

vn), s.m. String or cord formed by twisting buffoonery, mimicry, acting;actress,
together two or more threads, twisted cord or &c.=bhin, q.v.
thread.
S bhdr, s.m. The Indian fig-
H bhj (fem. of bhj), s.f.
tree, Ficus indica.
Sister's daughter, niece.
H bh, s.m. Jester, &c.=bh.
H bhj [S. ], s.f.
Interruption, hindrance, prevention, obstruction;
H bhnkar, s.f. A jungle
tale-bearing:bhj-khor, bhj-mr, s.m.
Interrupter; mar-plot; tale-bearer:bhj den, shrub, Ruella longifolia(?).
bhj khn, bhj mrn, v.n. To interfere,
meddle; to interrupt, obstruct, break in (upon), H bhk, s.m. Fop, &c. (=
put a stop (to); to thwart, frustrate; to give bk, bkait); parasite.
malicious intelligence, tell tales (of).
H bhg [S. ], s.f. The hemp
S bh, s.m. Vessel, earthen pot plant, Cannabis sativa; an intoxicating drink
(=bh); goods, wares, commodities; stock, made of the leaves of hemp (cf. bhang, bang;
capital, principal. bijay).

387
H bhga, = H H bah`o (v.n. of bahn), s.m. Flow,
bhg, s.m.=bhaga and bhang, qq.v. flood; course of a river, current, stream; flux,
afflux, effusion, fluidity; flow or rhythm (of a
H bhg, = H verse).
bhga, s.m.=bhaga and bhang, qq.v.
H bh`, bh`u, s.m.=bhva, bh`o,
H bhger, s.m.=bhanger, q.v.
q.v.
S bhva, bh`o (rt. ), s.m. Being,
H bhnmat (supposed to spring existence; birth; state or condition of being,
natural state; nature, property, quality,
from the S. , but prob. from S. or disposition, temper; intention, design, purpose;
, with ), s.m. Actor; conjurer, juggler. signification, meaning; mind, heart, soul;
emotion, sentiment, passion, affection, love,
friendship, liking, choice, will; sudden idea or
H bhnmat, s.f. Actress; emotion of the mind, notion, idea; expression of
female juggler. amorous sentiment, or of one's meaning by
signs, blandishment, gesticulation, acting,
S bhnumat, s.f. See s.v. pantomime;being, substance, thing, object;
bhnu. the world; superhuman power;price, price
current, value, rate:bhvrth (bhva+artha),
s.m. Simple or inherent meaning, obvious
H bhnn, v.t.=bhjn, q.v. purport, drift, scope, sense, subject-matter:
bh`o utarn (-k), Price to fall:bh`o batn,
S bhnu, s.m.= bhnu, q.v. v.n. To exhibit or represent the passions (in
singing and dancing), to gesticulate:bh`o
bahn (-k), To raise the price or value
H bhwar [S. ; rt. ], s.f.
(of):bhva-pradhn, adj. (in Gram.),
Going round, turning round; revolution, Impersonal (verb):bhvaj (bhva+ja), s.m. lit.
circulation, circumambulation;marriage 'Produced in the heart'; love:bh`o ahn (-
(since an important ceremony at Hind k), To rise in price, be at a premium:bh`o
marriages consists in going seven times round girn, bh`o ghan (-k), To fall in price or
the sacred fire):bhwar pn, bhwar value=bh`o utarn:bhva-vn, adj. Being in
phirn (-ki), To go round; to circle, a state or condition.
circumambulate; to be married; to be sacrificed.
H bhw, adj.=bhy, q.v.
H bhwarn (fr. bhwar,
q.v.), v.n. To go round, &c.=bhwar phirn,
S bhvrth, s.m. See s.v. bhva,
q.v.s.v. bhwar.
bh`o.
H bhwr (dim. of bhwar),
S bhvit, part. Animated,
s.f.=bhwar, q.v.:bhwr phirn,
inspired; thoughtful, anxious, apprehensive,
v.n.=bhwar phirn, q.v.
alarmed.
P bahna, s.m. Excuse, pretext, plea, H bh`ot [S. ], adj. & s.m.
pretence; shift, evasion, subterfuge, (f. -), Amiable, dear, loved;beloved, love.
contrivance, feint, blind; affectation:bahna- H bhwaj, bh`uj [S. ,
jo, adj. s.m. Seeking an excuse or pretext;one
who seeks an excuse, &c.:bahn-sz, s.m. gen. sing. of +], s.f. Brother's wife,
One who makes excuses; pretender, shammer, sister-in-law; wife's brother's wife
impostor:bahna karn, v.n. To make an (syn. bhauj; bhbh).
excuse; to pretend, sham, feign; to evade, S bhvaja, bhvaj, s.m. See
shuffle. s.v. bhva.
S bhvak, s.m. Friend, lover;
H bihne, adv. See s.v. bihn.
external expression of amatory sentiments.

388
S bhvik, adj. & s.m. Natural, perception, mind, notion or idea (of, -ke); in
consideration (of); with regard (to); concerning,
innate; appertaining to feeling, sentimental;
for; with a view (to), for the purpose (of), in
(in Alg.) an equation involving products of
order that; in the manner (of), after the fashion
unknown quantities.
(of), like (as); in the eyes (of), near, before,
H bh`ol (from bhva), s.f. Rent to:bhvenbhve, Whetheror.
paid to a zamndr in kind (usually to the extent S bhvya, adj. & s.m. Future, about
of half the produce); distribution of the crop
between the landlord and the cultivator: to be or to come to pass; possible, probable;
bh`ol-p, s.m. Land that has long been what will be, what must be; the possible or
cultivated:bh`ol-khil, s.m. Land recently probable.
brought under cultivation. H bhy (perf. part. of bhn), adj.
S bhvan, s.m. Creator, producer, (f. bh`), Agreeable, pleasing, acceptable,
efficient cause; founder. fitting, suitable.
A bah`im, s.m. (pl. of bahma),
H bhvan, s.m.=bhvn, q.v. Beasts, brutes, animals.
H or bh`o, postp.=bhve, A P bah`im, adj. Of or pertaining to
q.v. beasts; beastly, bestial, brutal.
H bhwn, bh`on [S. +], H bih` [S. ?], s.f. A spirit,
s.m. Mental perception, present consciousness supposed to tease infants by whispering
of past ideas or perceptions; recollection, alternately sad and pleasing things in their ears
imagination, fancy, presentiment; (which is the cause of their laughing and crying
contemplation, thought, meditation, when asleep or awake);a song of
consideration; anxiety, apprehension, doubt, congratulation, &c. (=badhw, q.v.).
concern; wish. desire, craving, longing; H bh` [S. ; Prk. ], s.m.
solicitation, request; (in Math.) the principle of Brother; cousin; relative, kinsman; comrade,
combination. companion, class-fellow, member of the same
H bh`on [S. ], v.n. To caste, or fraternity; one connected by
revolve, to whirl (=bhamn; bhaun). community of origin and joint interest in a
common ancestral property; (in familiar
H bh`on, v.n.=bhn, q.v.
phraseology) friend, my friend, dear, my dear
S bhwin (fem. of bhw), s.f. (applied to persons of both sexes, and by
Distinguished or handsome woman; lady, noble children to their parents as well as parents to
lady; a beloved woman; a wanton woman. their children):bh`-as, s.m. The share or
H bh`on, adj.=bhv, q.v. portion of a brother:bh`-b, s.m.
Brotherhood, fraternity; a term applied to a
H bhwo, postp.=bhwe, q.v. village owned by descendants (brothers) from
H bhwah, s.f.=bhbh; bhwaj, one common stock:bh`-bat (S. bhrtri-vat),
adv. Like a brother, befitting a brother,
qq.v.
brotherly, fraternal:bh`-band, bh`-
S bhv, and H. bhwa`, adj. bandh, bh`-bandhu, s.m. Brethren, kindred,
& s.m. about to be, about to come to pass; yet relations, friends; comrades, people of the same
to be, future; predestined;that which is to caste:bh`-band, s.f. Brotherhood,
happen, or which is to come; the future; that fraternity, kin:bh`-bhinn, s.m. A Hind
which is decreed or predestined: bhv-kl, s.m. festival held on the twelfth day of Bhdo bad,
Future time, the future:bhv-va, adj. or dark fortnight in August:bh`-pas, s.f.
Dependent on, or subject to, the future. Brother's share=bh`-as:bh`-r, s.m.
S bhwe, = Relationship, connection, relation by blood or
H bhwe, postp. In the sentiment, marriage; brotherhood, fraternity, community of
brethren or of people from one stock; quality or
perception, mind, notion or idea (of, -ke); in property of brother, brotherly love, fraternal
consideration (of); with regard (to); concerning, affection or kindness; fields or lands cultivated
for; with a view (to), for the purpose (of), in in common by a community of brethren; tenure
order that; in the manner (of), after the fashion in severalty; joint undivided estate:bh`-
(of), like (as); in the eyes (of), near, before, r, s.f.=bh`-r, q.v.:bh`-ia, s.m.
to:bhvenbhve, Whetheror. Share or portion of a brother=bh`-as.
H bhwe, = H bh`-p, = H bh`-
S bhwe, postp. In the sentiment, pan, s.m.=bh`-r, q.v.s.v. bh`.

389
H bh`-pan, = feel doubt or solicitude, &c. (=bhabharn,
q.v.).
H bh`-p, s.m.=bh`-r,
H bhabharn (see bhabhar), v.n.
q.v.s.v. bh`.
To be solicitous; to be alarmed or frightened, to
H bh`, bh`e, adj. Fearful, take fright (cf. bhabhar pan).
terrible, &c.=bhaynak, q.v.:bh`e bh`e H bhabhak, s.f.=bhabak, q.v.
karn, v.n. To be terrifying; to be dreary or
desolate. H bhubhukshit [S. ,
H bhabba, s.m.=bhabbhar, q.v. rt. ], adj. Hungry, &c.=bhkh, q.v.
H bhabrt, s.f.=bhabht, q.v. H bhabhakn, v.n.=bhabakn,
H bhabak [S. +], s.f. Sudden q.v.
bursting forth of flame, or steam, &c.; forcible H bhabbhal (from bhara), adj. Fat,
expulsion of water from a fountain or pipe; corpulent.
sudden emission of stench or offensive smell. H bhabht, bhabhti [S.
H bhabk (see bhabak), s.m. Blast
], s.f. Ashes of cowdung, &c. which Hind
from a furnace; alembic, still;a kind of
devotees rub on their bodies (in imitation of
drinking vessel with a large mouth.
iva); ashes from a shrine with which Hind
H bhabkn (caus. of bhabakn), worshippers smear their foreheads.
v.t. To heat, kindle, light; to cause to boil, &c.; H bhabhk [S. +?], adj.
to cause to blaze up suddenly; to provoke,
Flaming, blazing, ablaze; red (as a live coal);
enrage, exasperate; to excite, stimulate; to spur
white, shining, bright, glowing, refulgent,
a horse; &c. (see bhabakn).
splendid, beautiful;s.m. Blaze, flame;
H bhabakn (see bhabak), v.n. To explosion:bhabhk hon, v.n. To turn red
be heated; to simmer, boil, bubble; to give out (or livid) with rage.
steam; to fume; to catch fire, to burn, be burnt H bhapp, s.m.=bhap, q.v.
or scalded; to burst into flame, blaze up
suddenly; to be enraged or exasperated, fly into H bhapr [S. ++], s.m.
a passion, to rush on with rage; to run with Steam, vapour, exhalation; fumigation,
great speed (a horse); to roar (as a tiger); to be fermentation; vapour bath.
poured out, gush forth:bhabak- H bhap (see bhapr), s.m.
jn = bhabakn. Breath; wheedling, deception, deceit, fraud
H bhabk (dim. of bhabk), s.f. (syn. dam).
Threat, menace. H bhapk, s.m.=bhabk, q.v.
H bihbal [S. ], adj. Agitated, H bhapkr, s.m.=bhapr, q.v.
alarmed, overcome with fear or agitation,
beside one's self, unable to restrain one's self. H bhapakn, v.n.=bhabakn, q.v.
H bhabt, = H bhapol, s.m.=phapol, q.v.
H bhabt, s.f.=bhabht, q.v. H bhaphr, s.m.=bhapr, q.v.
H bhabt, = H bihphai [S. ], s.m.
H bhabt, s.f.=bhabht, q.v. Thursday.
H bahut [S. +], adj. s.m. & adv.
P beh-bd, s.f. See s.v. beh.
Much, most, many; in a great degree; abundant,
H bhabk, adj.=bhabhk, q.v.
plentiful; enough; too much, excessive,
H bahbah (from bahn), adj. enormous;abundance, plenty, a great deal;
Flowing, gliding along; brave, bold; public, sufficiency, enough;very, very much, largely,
notorious. considerably; extremely, exceedingly,
H bhabhar, bhabbhar [S. + excessively; immoderately, immeasurably;
sadly, sorely, grievously; marvellously;
], s.m. Disquietude, solicitude (=khak), notably; singularly;three (in counting;
dread, alarm; panic, stampede; tumult, see bahut):bahut ah, bahut behtar, bahut
uproar:bhabhar pan(-me), To be alarmed; b, bahut-mubrak, adv. Very good, very
to be panic-stricken; to take to flight. well:bahut hk, adv. All right, quite true:
H bhabhrn, v.n. To swell bahut-s, adj. & s.m. (f. -) = bahut, q.v.:
(particularly the face=bharbharn, q.v.); to bahut-kuh, s.m. A good deal, a great deal,

390
plenty:bahut kar-ke, adv. For the most part, well; preferable: advisable:behtar behtar, adj.
mostly, frequently, generally; at the most: Far better, &c.;behtar jnn, v.t. To consider
bahut yr hon, To become more intimate than better; to prefer.
formerly. H bhutr, adj.=bhothr, bhon,
S bhitti, s.f. Wall (=bht, q.v.); qq.v.
breaking; a thing broken or divided; fragment; P behtar, vulg. behtr, s.f. Welfare, good,
figure; defect; place, spot; opportunity, advantage; improvement; superior excellence,
occasion; asylum. goodness, merit, virtue.
H bhut, s.m.=bht, q.v. P behtarn (superl. of beh), adj. Best,
superior, most excellent.
S
bahut, s.f. Plenty, &c.=bahutt,
S bhittik, s.f. Wall (=bht, q.v.);
q.v.;adj. (from bahut), Three (commonly
used by weighers of grain, &c. when they come small house lizard.
to the third ser, &c.). H bhutn [S. +H. dim. aff. n],
H baht (imperf. part. of bahn), adj. s.m. Small devil; imp; devil, demon, goblin,
(f. -), Running, flowing (water), floating, ghost.
gliding away; afloat:bahte pn-me hth H bhutn, s.f. Wife of a devil; female
dhon, lit. 'To wash one's hands in the running demon; hag; a very ugly woman.
stream'; to pay attention to one's friends; to S
bahutwa, s.m.=bahut; bahutt;
attend to one's own business or affairs while the
opportunity is favourable, to make hay while qq.v.
the sun shines; to swim with the tide. H bhatta, s.m.=bhatt, q.v.
H bhatt [S. +], s.m. Advances to H bhutah [S. ++], adj. Pos
ploughmen without interest; ploughman's sessed by an evil spirit; demoniacal, devilish;
wages in kind; additional allowance, extra fierce; peevish (also, and more correctly,
allowance or pay to public servants on special written bhuth).
duty, or to officers and soldiers (commonly H baht, s.f. (from baht), Imported
called 'batta'); subsistence money; travelling goods in bond:baht karn, v.t. To permit
allowance:bhatt aima, s.m. Tentage. imported goods to be exported free.
H bhatt, s.m. Cooked rice=bht, q.v. H bhatt, s.f.=bht, q.v.
H bhutt, s.m.=bhu, q.v. H bhutiyn, bhutyn (from bh
H
bahutt [S. ++], t), v.n. To be like a devil; to become
Muchness, abundance, plentitude, plenty, exceedingly fierce; to get into a fiendish
passion.
excess, multitude, majority (syn. kasrat; afr).
H bhatj [S. +], s.m.
H bhatr [S. ], s.m. Husband:
Brother's son, nephew; wife's brother's son.
bhatr karn or kar-len, To take a husband.
A bohtn, s.m. False accusation, calumny, H bhatj, s.f. Brother's daughter,
slander, aspersion, defamation:bohtn niece; wife's brother's daughter.
bdhn (-par), bohtn jon, bohtn dharn, H bahuter, =
bohtn lagn (-par), To bring a false H
bahuter, [S. + ], adj. &
accusation (against), charge falsely; to slander,
calumniate. adv. Many, very many, most; much, very much,
ever so much; abundant; greatly; for the greater
H bhuth, adj.=bhutah, q.v.
part, mostly.
H
bahut`, = H
bahuter, =
H
bahutyat, s.f.=bahutt, q.v. H
bahuter, [S. + ], adj. & adv.
H
bahutyat, = Many, very many, most; much, very much, ever
so much; abundant; greatly; for the greater part,
H
bahut`, s.f.=bahutt, q.v.
mostly.
H bahattar [S. ], adj. H bha [S. ], s.f. Fire-place, oven,
Seventy-two. furnace, kiln (=bhah); pit; hole (especially of
S bahutra, adv. In many ways or an animal, as a fox, &c.), cave, lair, den;
manners; in many places. misfortune; curse:bha pan, To fall into
P behtar (compar. of beh, 'good'), adj. misfortune, be unfortunate, be ruined or lost, to
Better, superior, more worthy; good, excellent; be cursed:bha-paro, intj. (colloq.) Go to

391
blazes!; curse you!; hang it! rot it! (an H bha-kaaiya, =
exclamation of anger or disgust).
H bha-
S bha, s.m. Warrior, hero; soldier,
combatant; outcast of a particular tribe; ka`, [S. + + ], s.f The prickly
barbarian. plant Solanum Jacquini (used medicinally for
H bha, s.m. A kind of grass. diarrha and coughs:syn. bang-kay; ban-
kaaiy).
S bha, s.m. Learned man, scholar;
H bha-kariy, s.m. Name of a
philosopher (esp. one conversant with the
philosophical systems); a title of Maharatta class of inferior Rjpts.
Brahmans:bharya(bha+rya), s.m. H bhaakn (from bhakn), v.n.
A great doctor or philosopher; a title given to a To go astray, to stray, wander, miss the right
learned Brhman, or to any great teacher or path, lose the path or way; to err, to deviate or
celebrated instructor. depart from a right course; to be restless or
H
bahu [S. +], s.m. An disquieted, to long or pine (for, ke liye).
ornament worn on the upper arm, a kind of H bhaakwn, v.t.=bhakn,
armlet. q.v.
S bha, s.f. The colocynth or bitter ? bha-gaur, s.m. Name of a
apple. subdivision of the Gaur rjpts.
H bha, s.m. Bellows (=bhh,
q.v.); a yellow clay used as whitewash. ? bhaul, s.m. Bread or cakes made
H bha, s.m.=bht; bh; and of mixed meal (chiefly that of arhar, an, and
also=bhatt; qq.v. mg).
H bhi, bha, s.m. Small hut,
H bhams, bhims,
hovel; hole, lair, or den (of a wild animal); pig-
sty (cf. bha). s.m.=bims, q.v.
H bhu [S. +], s.m. Spike or
H bhin [S , or ; see
ear of (ripe) corn or grain; Indian corn,
maize, Zea mays:bhu-sa, adj. Like an ear bhe], v.n. To come in contact (with, -se), be
touched (by); to be defiled or polluted by
of corn; smallish, very small, stumpy:bhu-
contact (with).
s un or u-jn, bhu-j-pan, v.n. To fly
off like an ear of corn (struck with a stick), to
be cut clean off. H bha-ngar, s.m. Name of a
S bharak, adj. & s.m. Entitled tribe of Kyaths.
to reverence, venerable;learned man, doctor,
philosopher, sage (=bha). H bhain, s.f. Wife of a bh, q.v.;
H bhak [S. +], adj. Astray, woman or girl of the bh tribe (=bhan).
wandering, lost.
H bhin [S. ], s.f. Nipple
H bhakn (from bhak), v.t.
(of a woman's breast).
To cause to stray or wander, to lead astray; to
mislead, bewilder, baulk, deceive; to scare.
H bha, intj. O sister.
H bhaakt (imperf. part.
of bhaakn), adj. (f. -), Wandering, straying,
astray:bhaakt phirn, v.n. To go wandering H bhu, s.m. Blockhead, fool (cf.
about; to wander about being astray. bhod; bhon).
H bha-ka`, =
bhauw, s.f. Light dry soil
H
H bha-
(yielding only an autumn crop).
kaaiya, [S. + + ], s.f The prickly
plant Solanum Jacquini (used medicinally for H bhaolar, s.m. Lands allotted to
diarrha and coughs:syn. bang-kay; ban- bhs or bards; lands granted to Brhmans.
kaaiy).
H bhua, s.m.=bhu, q.v.

392
H bhatth, s.m. = H clothes into the copper, to boil the clothes:
bha-dr, s.m. One who manufactures and
bhah, s.f. =bha, q.v.
sells spirituous liquors; distiller; one who keeps
a liquor shop.
H bhah, s.f. = H
bhatth, s.m. =bha, q.v. H bha, s.m. Name of a tribe of
Rjpts.
H bhahiyr, bhahyr [S.
++], s.m. One who keeps a sar`e, H bhaiy, s.m. Land of the poorest
one who prepares victuals for travellers in a kind (in the dialect of Sgar and Bundelkhan).
sar`e; innkeeper; sutler; baker.
H bhaiyr, bhae`r
H bhahiyrpan (S.
= H bhaiyr-pan,
bhrisha+kra+twam), s.m. The business, or the
status, of a bhahiyr. bhae`rpan = H bhaiyran
bhae`rin = H
H bhahiyr-n, bhaiyr bhae`r See the forms
s.m. Sar`e, caravansary, inn, eating-house; bhahiyr; bhahiyrpan; bhahiyran;
low place.
bhahiyr.

H bhahiyran, bhahiyrin,
H bhaiyr-pan,
= H bhahiyr, bhahyr, s.f.
bhae`rpan = H bhaiyr,
Woman who carries on the business of an inn-
keeper; wife of a bhahiyr. bhae`r = H
bhaiyran bhae`rin = H
H bhahiyr, bhahyr, = H bhaiyr bhae`r See the
bhahiyran, bhahiyrin, s.f. forms bhahiyr; bhahiyrpan; bhahiyran;
Woman who carries on the business of an inn- bhahiyr.
keeper; wife of a bhahiyr.
H bhaiyran
H bhahiyl (bhh+S. aff. bhae`rin = H bhaiyr,
la), adj. With the current or stream, down the
river and not with the flood tide. bhae`r = H
bhaiyr-pan, bhae`rpan = H
H bhahiyl, s.m. A kind of bhaiyr bhae`r See the
marsiya or elegy sung in praise of the brothers forms bhahiyr; bhahiyrpan; bhahiyran;
Hasan and Husain. bhahiyr.

H bhahiyn (from bhh), H bhaiyr bhae`r

v.n. To go down the river, or down stream; to
ebb (the tide);v.t. To cause to go down or = H bhaiyr,
sink; to ruin (a person). bhae`r = H bhaiyr-
pan, bhae`rpan = H
H bhaa`, s.f. The avocation of a
bhaiyran bhae`rin See
bh or bard; the encomiums of a bard, praise,
panegyric, eulogy; adulation, flattery; the forms bhahiyr; bhahiyrpan;
begging, mendicancy. bhahiyran; bhahiyr.

H bha, bha [S. +], H bhaiyl, adj.= bhahiyl, q.v.

s.f. Fire-place, grate or stove (as a goldsmith's,
or a distiller's, or such as is used in an eastern H bhaiyn, s.m. The
bath); oven; forge, furnace, kiln; alembic, still; country of the bha Rjpts.
washerman's boiler or copper; distillery:
bha ahn (among washermen), To turn the

393
H bhaji, past. conj. part. (of bhajn =
bhn), Running away, fleeing; at a run, at full
speed:bhaji-jn, v.n. To take flight, run off
at full speed.
S bhuj, s.m. = S bhuj, s.f. q.v.
The arm, the upper arm; the proboscis of an
elephant; (in Geom.) the side of a rectilineal
figure; one of the shorter sides of a right-angled
triangle (i.e. either the perpendicular or the
base); (in Astron.) the distance of the sun from
the equator; the distance of the moon from the
nearest node:bhuj-band or bandh, s.m. An
ornament worn on the upper arm, armlet
(=bz-band); anything tied on the arm above
the elbow:bhuj-bhar, s.m. Armful;
embrace:bhuj bharn (-se), To clasp in the
arms, to embrace:bhuj-bhsha, s.m.
Ornament for the arm, armlet:bhuj-dan,
bhuj-an, s.m. Arm as hard as a staff,
muscular arm:bhuj-ml, s.m. The upper part
of the arm near the shoulder.
S bhujishya, s.m. (f. -),
Independent man:servant, slave; a kind of
string worn round the waist.
S bhujag, s.m. Snake=bhujang,
S bhajan, s.m. Sharing; possession;
possessing or enjoying carnally.
S bhajan, s.m. Waiting upon,
attendance, service; adoration, worship;
hymn;counting one's beads:bhajan-lay,
bhajan-griha, bhajan-ghar, s.m. Place of
worship, temple:bhajan-bh`o, s.m.
Reverence of disposition; attention to the needs
of others, kind offices:bhajan-pustak, s.m.f.
Book for guidance in worship, liturgy:bhajan
karn, v.t. & n. To practise devotion, say
prayers; to adore, worship; to sing or chant a
hymn, to hymn; to recite, repeat.

S bhuj, s.f. = S bhuj, s.m. H bhajn [Prk. ; S. ,

The arm, the upper arm; the proboscis of an
elephant; (in Geom.) the side of a rectilineal
figure; one of the shorter sides of a right-angled
triangle (i.e. either the perpendicular or the
base); (in Astron.) the distance of the sun from
the equator; the distance of the moon from the
nearest node:bhuj-band or bandh, s.m. An
ornament worn on the upper arm, armlet
(=bz-band); anything tied on the arm above
the elbow:bhuj-bhar, s.m. Armful;
embrace:bhuj bharn (-se), To clasp in the
arms, to embrace:bhuj-bhsha, s.m.
Ornament for the arm, armlet:bhuj-dan,
bhuj-an, s.m. Arm as hard as a staff,
muscular arm:bhuj-ml, s.m. The upper part
of the arm near the shoulder.
H bhajn, v.t.=bhagn, q.v. adj. Black, jet-black (the colour of the shrike:
H bhijn (caus. of bhjn), v.t. prayt, s.m. A species of metre, four times
To wet, &c.=bhign, q.v.
H bhijn (caus. of bhejn), v.t.
To cause to send, &c.=bhijwn, q.v.
P bahjat (for A. ), s.f. Beauty,
goodliness, grace, excellence; brightness,
splendour; happiness, joy, gladness, delight,
pleasure, cheerfulness, alacrity.
S bhajat, adj. Honouring, serving, generally used in comp. with kl, e.g. kl
waiting upon; enjoying carnally.
rt. ], v.t. To worship, &c.=bhajan karn,
q.v.s.v. bhajan.
H bhajn (i.q. bhjn, q.v.),
v.n.=bhjn; bhgn; qq.v.
H bhujn (fr. S. ), s.m. Parched
or scorched grain.
H bhujang, = H
bhujang, [S. +; rt. ], s.m. lit.
'Going crookedly'; snake, (but commonly) the
cobra de capello; the fork-tailed shrike, Lanius
caerulescens (a jet-black bird, commonly called
the 'king-crow';syn. bhang-rj);bhujang,
generally used in comp. with kl, e.g. kl
bhujang, adj. Very black, jet-black):bhujang-
;bhujange un, v.n. To be in great
distress and poverty; to spread false reports.
H bhujang, = H
bhujang, [S. +; rt. ], s.m. lit. 'Going
crookedly'; snake, (but commonly) the cobra de
capello; the fork-tailed shrike, Lanius
caerulescens (a jet-black bird, commonly called
the 'king-crow';syn. bhang-rj);bhujang,
adj. Black, jet-black (the colour of the shrike:
bhujang, adj. Very black, jet-black):bhujang-

394
prayt, s.m. A species of metre, four times H bhu-amp, s.m.=bh-ampa,
;bhujange un, v.n. To be in great q.v.s.v. bh.
distress and poverty; to spread false reports.
H bhuag,
S bhujangam, s.m. Snake s.m.=bhujag, bhujag, q.v.
(=bhujang). H bhah, adj. & s.m.=bhaksh, q.v.
H bhih, s.f.=bhiksh, q.v.
S bhujang, s.f. A species of H bhahak, s.m.=bhakshak, q.v.
metre (=bhujang-prayt).
bhihuk,
H bhihuk,
H bhajank, or bhajnk [S. s.m.=bhikshuk, q.v.
H bhahn, v.t.=bhakshn, q.v.
, rt. ], s.m. Singer; adorer,
worshipper. H bhah, s.m.=bhaksh, q.v.
H bhad (onomat., but cf. next), s.m.
H bhijwn (caus. of bhejn), Soft-sounding blow, thud, thump; crash; sound
v.t. To cause to send; to cause to be sent, to of a falling body on soft ground (more
have (a person, or a thing) sent; to send: com. bhadk):bhad-bhad, s.m. Reiterated
bhijw-den, v.t.=bhijwn. thuds, &c. (see bhad); closely consecutive
sounds of soft bodies (such as fruit, &c.) in
H bhujiy [S. +], s.f. Fried falling:bhad-se, adv. With a thud; with a
crash.
or cooked pot-herbs, greens (=bhj);parched
rice or grain. H bhadd [S. +], adj. Dull, heavy,
stupid, senseless; clumsy, awkward, ungainly,
H bhu, adj. & s.m. Rude, uncivilized, ill-made, ugly; fat, heavy, unwieldy; slow,
sluggish.
ignorant, barbarous;barbarian, clown, lout,
blockhead, ignorant or stupid fellow. H bhadk, =
H bhadk, s.m.=bhad, q.v.:
H bhaak, s.m.=bhakshak, q.v. bhadk-se, adv.=bhad-se.
H bhadk, =
H bhaak, bhiak, H bhadk, s.m.=bhad, q.v.:
bhuak [S. +], adj. Alarmed, startled, bhadk-se, adv.=bhad-se.
staggered, amazed, stunned, aghast, scared: H bhadhar (from bhad), s.m.
bhaak rahn or rah-jn, v.n. To be astonished, Cutting of grain when it is only half ripe.
amazed, staggered, &c.
H bhad-bhadn, v.t. To
produce a sound or thud (or a succession of
H bhakn,
sounds), by striking two bodies together; to
bhukn, v.t. To strike with amazement, to strike repeatedly; to shake fruit from a tree; to
amaze, astound, stagger, startle, scare. cut half-ripe grain;s.m. Shaking fruit from a
tree; cutting half-ripe grain.
S bha-akra, s.m. Sphere of the H bhad-bhadha, s.f.
stars; circle of constellations, the zodiac. Sound made by the repeated falling of fruit
H bhaakn, bhuakn, from a tree.
v.n. To be astonished or amazed, &c.=bhaak S bhadra, bhadr, adj. & s.m. Good,
rahn, q.v.s.v. bhaak. well, prosperous, happy, auspicious, fortunate,
H bhaan, s.m.=bhaksha, q.v. lucky; favourable, propitious, gracious, kind,
H bhan, v.t.=bhakshn, q.v. friendly, benevolent, pious, virtuous, pure,
excellent, worthy; beloved, dear; an excellent
H bhin [prob. fr. S. ], To be person; fortune-teller; impostor, hypocrite;
broken or split in pieces, be bruised or crushed; prosperity, happiness, welfare, good fortune,
to crumble to pieces; to shrivel, shrink, auspiciousness;a fragrant grass, Cyperus
collapse; to be contracted or compressed; to be rotundus; gold; iron or steel; name of the
coerced, constrained or compelled. seventh of the eleven astronomical periods
called karanas;a bullock; a water-wagtail; a
heap; an epithet of iva:

395
bhadrsan (bhadra+sana), s.m. Chair of state,
throne; particular posture of a devotee while
meditating (the legs being crossed and bent
underneath the body and turned so as to bring
the ankles into contact with the perinum while
the soles of the feet are held close to the
sides:bhadrva (bhadra+ava), s.m. Name
of a dwpa; or of one of the four mah-
dwpas into which the known world is divided;
or of one of the nine khanas or smaller
divisions into which the continent is
distributed:bhadrksha (bhadra+aksha), s.m.
A particular seed of which beads are made:
bhadra-pad, s.f. Name of the third and fourth
lunar asterisms: bhadra-par, s.f. The
shrub Pderia ftida:bhadra-par, s.f. The
tree Gmelina arborea; the shrub Pderia
ftida:bhadr-jau (bhadra-yava), s.m. The
seed of Wrightia antidysenterica:bhadr-,
s.m. The plant Euphorbia tirucalli:bhadra-
dru, s.m. A species of pine, Pinus deodora,
and P. longifolia:bhadra-kl, s.f. Name of a
Hind goddess; an epithet of the
goddess Durg; the fragrant grass Cyperus
pertenius or C.rotundus:bhadra-gandhik,
s.f. The plant Cyperus rotundus; the creeping
plant Asclepias pseudosarsa:bhadra-mustak,
s.m. The fragrant grass Cyperus pertenuis:
bhadrodan (bhadr+odan), s.f. The plant Sida
cordifolia; the plant Uraria lagopodioides:
bhadra-vall, s.f. Arabian jasmine, Jasminum
sambac; the large Bengal creeper Grtnera
racemosa; the plant Vallaris dichotomus:
bhadr hon, v.n. To be clean or purified by
shaving the head and beard after the death of a
relative, or in a holy place:bhadra-yava,
s.m.=bhadr-jau, q.v.
S bhadr, s.f. Unlucky moment; bad
luck; the second, seventh, and twelfth days of a
lunar fortnight; the celestial Ganges; (fem.
of bhadra) an excellent female, &c.:bhadr-
karan, s.m. lit. 'Making beautiful, or pure';
shaving.
H bhadr [S. +], Name of a bird, H bhadesl, [S. ++], Ill-
a species of lark.
S bhadrrak, s.m. One of the H bhadesl, =
eighteen minor dwpas or divisions of the
world.
S bhadrsan, s.m. See
s.v. bhadra.
S bhadrksha (+), s.m.
See s.v. bhadra.
S bhadrak, adj. & s.m. Good,
estimable, worthy; fine, handsome, beautiful,
pleasing, agreeable; fortunate, lucky;a good
or estimable man, &c.; goodness, good, worth,
excellence, virtue; beauty, grace, elegance,
neatness, pleasantness; gain, profit, advantage,
benefit; nature, genius, reason;the fragrant
grassCyperus pertenius; a species of pine, Pinus
devadaru.
S bhadrodan ( + ),
s.f. See s.v. bhadra.
H bhadr [S. +], s.m.
Astrologer, palmister.
S bhadant, s.m. A term of respect
applied to a Buddhist; a buddhist mendicant.
H bhidnau [fr. S. ], v.t.
(Obs.) To penetrate; to sever, sunder, separate.
H bhadwr [S. +, or ],
s.m. Land prepared for the planting of sugar-
cane; land ploughed during the arf and
allowed to lie fallow till the cotton is sown;
land ploughed from Ash to Bhdo for
the rab` sowings.
H bhadawriy, bhadauriy,
s.m. Name of a tribe of Rjpts.
S
bahudh, adv. In many ways,
manifoldly, variously, multifariously; in many
instances, many times, often, repeatedly;
usually, generally, mostly, for the most part, in
most cases, nearly always (syn. aksar):
bahudh-gat, part. adj. Scattered, dispersed.
H bahdh [S. ], s.f. Pain,
suffering, affliction, distress; resistance,
opposition, obstruction, hindrance.
H bhada`, adj. & s.f. Relating to the
month of Bhdo, or to the harvest gathered in
that month;the autumnal crop (=bhdow).
H bhades, =
H bhades, adj.=next, q.v.
H bhades, =
H bhades, adj.=next, q.v.
H bhadesal, =
shaped, ill-formed, awkward, &c.=bhadd, q.v.
H bhadesal, [S. ++], Ill-
shaped, ill-formed, awkward, &c.=bhadd, q.v.
H bha, s.m. A kind of grass which
grows in poor soils (used as fodder).
H bhaariy, =
H bhaeriy, s.m.=bhaariy; bh
aneriy, qq.v.
H bhaeriy, =
H bhaariy, s.m.=bhaariy; bha
neriy, qq.v.
396
S bhail, s.m. Attendant, servant; bhar, adv. About a kos; a kos (cf. bhar-kos):
maqdr-bhar, adv.=bhar-maqdr, q.v.:
hero.
mahine-bhar, adv. During a whole month.
H bhaih`, s.f. (local),
Pilfering, theft. H bhar, s.m. Name of one of the
P ba-har, In every; to every (used only in
aboriginal races of India:bhar-patw, s.m. A
phrases from the Persian):ba-har l, adv.
subdivision of the bhar tribe.
By all or every means, somehow or other,
anyhow, at any rate, at all events:ba-har
rat, adv. In every aspect, or case; in every H bhir, s.m. Wasp=bhi, q.v.
condition; in every point of view; at all events,
at any rate, by all means:ba-har taur, H bhir, s.m. Corr. of br, q.v.
adv.=ba-har l, q.v.:ba-har kaif, adv.
Anyhow, &c.=ba-har l, q.v. H bahir, bahr [S. +],
H bahar (corr. of bar), s.f. Fleet (of boats).
adj. Deaf; hard of hearing; heedless, inattentive.
S bahir, vulg. bahar (changeable
to bahis and bahih), adj. Out, H bhar (perf. part. of bharn), part.
without, outside, outer, ex ternal, exterior; adj. Filled, filled with, full, full of, replete,
foreign:bahir n, v.n. To come out, to issue brimful, overflowing (com. used at the end of
forth (com. bhar n):bahir de, s.m. comp., e.g. mal-bhar, adj. Replete with filth:
Foreign, or remote, country:bahih ko, s.m. lj-bhar, adj. Exceedingly modest:bis-bhar,
Exterior angle:bahir mukh, adj. & s.m. adj. Charged with venom);s.m. Filing;
Impious; impious person; neglect or violation fulness; contents, load, cargo, charge (of a
of any moral or religious duty. gun):bhar-pr, adj. Wealthy, prosperous,
H bahuri, bahur [S. +], adv. flourishing, thriving, fortunate, happy; having
Again, a second time. in abundance; abounding in; having a large
P bahr, bahri [Zend bagha, bgha cf. bag], family.
prep. On account of, for the sake of, for. S
bhar (rt. ), adj., adv. & prefix, Full, H bharr (cf. babhar), s.m. Stir,
complete; all, whole; much, excessive; as much excitement, tumult; alarm, panic; incitement,
as, enough or sufficient for; as far as, up to; stimulus:bharr pan (-me), Tumult to
exact (as to limit); at most, merely;s.m. Load, arise; to be panic-striken:bharre-par ahn,
burden; plenty, size, bulk:bhar pn, v.n. To bharr den, v.t. To stir up, excite, incite,
be paid in full, to receive the amount due; to be &c.=uksn, q.v.
paid off, get one's deserts:bhar-p`, s.f.
Receipt in full (the name being derived from the S bhrt, = S bhrtri,
use of these words in the body of the receipt): s.m. Brother=bh`, q.v.
bhar-pr, bhar-pra, adj. Quite full, brimful,
chokeful, crammed, replete, overflowing; S bhrtri, = S bhrt,
sufficient, quite enough; high (as a tide); full (as
the moon):bhar-pr, s.f. The state of being s.m. Brother=bh`, q.v.
full or overflowing, fullness; abundance:
bhar-pe, s.m. Bellyful:bhar-pe, adj. Pot- S bhrtrik, = S
bellied:bhar-k, adv. In full of all bhrtrya, adj. Pertaining to a brother, brotherly,
demands:bhar-dau, adv. At full gallop;to fraternal;bhrtrya, s.m. Brother's son,
the extent of one's power, &c.=bhar-ak: nephew.
bhar-sak, bhar-ak, adv. To the extent of one's
ability, as far as possible, as far as may be; with S bhrtrya, = S
all one's might:bhar-kos, s.m. A full kos; bhrtrik, adj. Pertaining to a brother, brotherly,
fully a kos:bhar-maqdr, adv.=bhar-ak,
fraternal;bhrtrya, s.m. Brother's son,
q.v.:(bhar most commonly comes after
nephew.
substantives; e.g.) bs-bhar, adv. The height or
length of a bamboo:bal-bhar = bhar-ak,
q.v.:(utn) ber-bhar, adv. Such a long time, all H bhrj [S. +], adj. (f. -),
that while:pe-bhar = bhar-pe:hi-bhar, Shining, gleaming, glittering, brilliant, splendid.
adv. In a moment:din-bhar, adv. The whole
day long:ser-bhar, adv. About a ser; a ser:
`umr-bhar, adv. During one's whole life:kos-

397
H bahrr [S. + +], S bhrnti-mn, adj. Erring,
s.m. Outsider, stranger, foreigner; upstart, &c.=bhrnta, q.v.
adventurer, parvenu.
H bhrnt, s.f.=bhrnti, q.v.
P bahrm [Pehl. varahrn; Zend,
verethrghna, rt. var], s.m. The planet Mars;
name of several kings of Persia, Varanes. H bahrw (from bahr), s.m.
Feigning deafness; pretended deafness.
S bhrmar, s.m. Whirling round;
dancing round; vertigo, giddiness, epilepsy; a H bharwa (v.n. from bharn),
kind of loadstone; honey; a village. s.f. Filling, stuffing; anything in which a
substance is filled (see bhart).
S bhrmar, adj. Whirling
round, revolving; affected with giddiness or H bhar` (v.n. from bharn), s.f.
vertigo, giddy; having epilepsy, epileptic; made Filling, stuffing (=bharwa);price paid for
of honey;s.m. An epileptic. filling or stuffing.

S bhrmak, adj. & s.m. Causing H bharbh, s.m. A kind of

to whirl; causing error or mistake, bewildering, prickly poppy, Argemone mexicana (cf. -
perplexing, puzzling, misleading, deceptive, kara).
deceitful;deceiver, inveigler, cheat, rogue,
swindler; a jackal; a sort of loadstone or magnet H bhurbhur [redupl. of S. ,
(so called from its causing iron to turn
round);the sun-flower, Helianthus annuus. rt. +], adj. (f. -), Dry, and in a state of
powder, powdery; mealy, short (as bread),
H bahirn, bahrn, crisp, crackling; parched (as grain); (cf.
br):bhurbhur hon (-par), To thirst (for),
v.t.=bahln, q.v.
long (for), hanker (after), eagerly desire.
H
bahurn (caus. of bahurn),
H bhurbhur, s.f. contrac. of
v.t. To cause to return, to bring back, bring
again. bhurbhurha, q.v.

H bharn (caus. of bharn), v.t. H bharbharn [redupl. of S.

To cause to be full; to cause to fill; to fill; to , rt. ], To swell and be glossy, to be
feed its young (a bird); to have (a mare) inflamed (as the skin in fever).
covered.
H bhurbhurn (from
H bharrn (from bhr) v.n. To bhurbhur), v.n. To throw or sprinkle sugar,
become hoarse or husky. salt, &c. (upon, -par); to long (for),
&c.=bhurbhur hon, q.v.s.v. bhurbhur.
H bhurn, v.t.=bhuln, q.v.
H bharbhar, = H
S bhrnta, bhrnt, part. Whirled, bharbharha, s.f. Swelling,
revolved; erred, gone astray, fallen into error, inflammation.
mistaken; wandering, erring.
H bharbharha, = H
S bhrnti, s.f. Whirling round;
bharbhar, s.f. Swelling,
wandering, going astray; error, mistake,
inflammation.
blunder; ignorance.

H bhurbhurha, s.f.
H bhrnt [S. +], s.m.
Powderiness; mealiness; shortness, crispness.
Wanderer, one who has gone astray.

H bharbhar, s.f.=bharbharha,
q.v.

398
 mash, squash:bhurt karn or kar-den (-k),
H bhurbhur, bhurt nikln (-k), To make a mash (of), beat
to a pulp, give a sound thrashing.
s.f.=bhurbhurha, q.v.; a light sandy soil.
H bhartr, s.m.=bhatr, bhart,
S bharat, s.m. Name of a younger
qq.v.
brother of Rma, and son of Dasharath by
Kaikey; name of several princes; also of a
certain sage, the inventor of dramatic S bhartri, s.m. (in comp.)=bhart,
composition;actor, mimic; weaver:bharat- 'Cherisher,' &c.
pr, s.m. Name of a city and district in Northern S bhartsn, s.f. Upbraiding,
India:bharat-kl, s.m. Name of a tribe of reviling, cursing; reproach, curse, abuse; threat,
Brhmans:bharat-khan, s.m. One of the nine menace.
divisions of the world, India (from Ceylon to
Tartary):bharat-varsh, s.m.=bhrat-varsh,
H bhart [S. +], s.f. Filling,
q.v.:bharat-vas, s.m. Offspring of Bharat.
insertion, stuffing, &c.; cargo, lading, &c.
(=bharat, q.v.); store, stock, accumulation;
H bharat [S. +], s.m. Filling;
filling in, completion; admission, enrolment,
stuffing, insertion, padding; room, space, place; enlistment, recruiting (soldiers); promotion (a
vessel, bag, &c.; goods, cargo, lading, freight; vulg. use);additional and irrelevant matter,
fare, carriage, conveyance, transit or transport invention, fabrication, falsehood:bhart-
charges; amount paid in; amount of revenue shuda, adj. Enrolled, entered, enlisted:bhart
paid by an individual or party; payment in karn, v.t. To fill, load, lade; to store up, lay up,
full:bhara bharn (-me), To put in the accumulate; to admit, enter (in a register), enrol,
stuffing, &c.;to fill, stuff, pad; to make up the recruit, enlist; to engage or hire (a servant); to
full tale or quantity, supply a deficiency; to invent, fabricate:bhart hon, v.n. To be
convey merchandize (to a place), to export. admitted, be enrolled, be enlisted.

S bharit, part. Filled; full (=bhar, P bhartiy, bhartiy,

q.v.).
bharty [S. +], s.m. A worker in the
metal called bhart, a brazier.
H bhart, bharat [S. , rt.
], s.m. A mixed metal composed of copper H bharatiy, bharaty (from
and lead. bharat), s.m. Loader; trader, merchant.

H bhar, s.m. A species of skylark S bhrity, s.f. Maintenance,

(=S. bharadvja). support; hire, wages.

H bhrit [S. ], s.m. Hireling, hired S bhrityatwa, s.m. Service,

servant or labourer, mercenary;adj. (used at servitude, dependence, slavery.
the end of comp.), Bearing, supporting,
carrying, nourishing.
S bhritya, s.m. Dependent, servant,
slave (see bhrit).
S bhriti, s.f. Service for wages;
nourishment, support, maintenance, sustenance,
S bhara, s.m. Potter; servant.
food; wages, hire; capital, principal.

S bhart, s.m. Cherisher, nourisher, S bharuak, s.m. Fried meat.

supporter, protector; husband, lord:bhart
karn or kar-len, To take a husband.
H bhurt, bhart [S. +,
rt. ], s.m. Mash made of boiled or fried
vegetables (the vegetables being broken or
mashed in the hand after being boiled, &c.);
S bharuj, s.m. A small species of
jackal.
S bharjan, s.m. The actof roasting,
baking, frying, parching, or scorching (syn.
bhnn).

399
P A ba-har l, adv. See s.v. ba-har.
S bharad-wj, s.m. lit. 'Bringing
or bearing food'; the skylark (com. called
bhart).
H bharsr, = H
bhars`, s.f. Furnace, oven,
&c.=bh, bha, qq.v.
H bharak, s.m. (local), Fruit-garden,
orchard.
H bhark, s.m. Slaked lime.
H bhurk [S. +], s.m. The
morning star (cf. bhor).
H bharkn, v.t. To slake lime.

H bhars`, = H bhriku, bhraku, vulg.

bharsr, s.f. Furnace, oven, &c.=bh, bhirku, s.f. The eye-brow;
bha, qq.v.
S bhrasha, bhrash; vulg.
bhirash, bhrish, part. adj. Fallen, degraded,
debased, polluted, abominable, depraved, lost,
vicious, dissolute; outraged, violated,
debauched; impure, unclean, foul, corrupt:
bhrash ara, s.m. Depraved conduct or
behaviour:bhrasha-rjya, adj. Fallen from, or
deprived of, a kingdom; deposed:bhrash
karn, v.t. To corrupt, pervert, debase, pollute,
defile; to violate, seduce, ravish:bhrash
hon, v.n. To be fallen, be debased, polluted,
&c.; to calcine.
S
contraction of the brow, angry look, frown,
scowl.
H bhurkas, s.m. Smash;
fragments, pieces, splinters, chips; husk, chaff:
bhurkas nikln (-k), To beat to shivers or
smithers, to make mincemeat (of).
S bhrikus, bhrakus,
bhrukus, s.m. A male actor or dancer in
female attire. Written also bhrikun, &c
H bhark, s.f.=bhark, q.v.

S bhrisha, bhrish, part. adj. H bharke (past. conj. part. of

Roasted, baked, fried, grilled, parched,
bharn), adv. In full; to the full.
scorched.
H bhurk, s.f. Hole, gap, rent (cf.
S bhrash (fem. of bhrasha), adj.
bhurkas); hole or pit for water (=bhu); measure
& s.f. Fallen, gone astray, defiled, violated (a
of land.
woman);fallen female, unchaste woman,
adulteress, harlot:bhrash karn or kar-den,
v.t. To lead astray, seduce, defile, pollute. S bhrigu, s.m. Table land, level
summit of a mountain; declivity, slope, cliff,
H bhrash-p, = H precipice;name of one of the ten Mahrshis
or primeval sages: name of Jamadagni; also of
bhrash-pan, [S. +], s.m. Fallen iva; name of the descendants of Bhrigu:
condition, degradation; depravity, corruption, bhrigu-bans, s.m. Name of a tribe of Rjpts
dissoluteness, &c. descended from Bhrigu:bhrigu-lat, s.m. The
mark made by Krisha on his own breast to
H bhrash-pan, = H shew the place where Bhrigu kicked him:
bhrash-p, [S. +], s.m. Fallen bhrigu-nth, s.m. An epithet of Paraurm.
condition, degradation; depravity, corruption,
dissoluteness, &c. H bharam [S. , by change of
initial consonant; though supposed by some to
H bhursh [fr. S. ], s.f. Spell of come from S. ], s.m. Character, reputation,
a jog or ascetic (performed by scattering a esteem, credit:bharam bdhn, v.t. To gain a
handful of ashes over the head and repeating a reputation; to establish (one's) credit:bharam
spell or mantra). karn, v.t. To credit, believe, rely upon, depend
on:bharam gawn, v.t. To sacrifice (one's)
P A ba-har rat, adv. See s.v. ba-har. reputation or character, to lose (one's) credit.

400
S bhram, and H. bharam, vulg. S bhramar, s.f. Bee;the plant
bhiram, s.m. Moving round, whirling; roaming, Jatuka; the plant Putra-dtr.
wandering, erring, straying; deviation,
aberration; perplexity, bewilderment, H bhramsn, adj. (f. -),
confusion; maze, labyrinth; error,
Mixed with error.
misapprehension, blunder, mistake, slip; doubt,
suspicion; apprehension, supposition,
presumption;whirlwind; whirlpool; lathe; S bhrama, s.m. Roaming, roving,
potter's wheel:bharam karn, v.t. To doubt, wandering about; turning round, whirling; turn
suspect, question;v.n. To be vain, proud, round, whirl; perambulation; giddiness; falling
puffed up, have one's head turned:bharam into error or mistake:bhrama-kr, s.m.
khuln, v.n. To be disclosed (a secret); to be Wanderer.
exposed (pretensions).
H bhramn, bharamn,
S bhrami, s.f. Whirling or turning
bhiramn, v.n. To roam, wander, stray,
round, turning about, going round, circulating,
err.
revolving; whirlwind, &c.; forgetfulness; error,
slip, &c.=bhram, q.v.
S bhrama, s.f. A sort of game
H bharml, adj.=bharm, q.v. played by women for the amusement of
husbands or lovers.

H bhramn, bharmn,
S bhram; and H. bharm,
bhirmn, v.t. To cause to stray, cause
bhirm; adj. Whirling round, &c.
to err, to mislead, misguide, lead astray,
(=bhramat, q.v.); suspicious, doubting,
beguile, deceive; to allure, tempt; to perplex; to
sceptical; vain, proud, self-sufficient;
alarm.
ostentatious, showy.

S bhramat, bhramit, part. adj.

H bhamil [S. +], adj.
Going round, whirling about, revolving;
(f. -), Round, circular, spherical, globose;
roaming, roving, wandering, erring.
ambiguous, doubtful; confounded; scrupulous.

S bhramat, bhramt; H.
H bihara, s.m.=vihara, q.v.; and
bharmt = H bharmta`, see biharn.
bhirmt` s.f. Roaming or wandering
about; whirling round; wandering; giddiness, S bhara, and H. bharan, s.m.
dizziness; the being in error or mistake, The act of carrying, bearing, supporting,
erroneousness; suspiciousness, suspicion, maintaining, sustaining, nourishing; filling,
doubt; unsteadiness, vacillation;worldly lust, satisfying; paying in full; wages, hire;bharan,
sensual desire. s.f. Heavy shower of rain;postp. To, up to, till
(=tak):bhara-poshan, s.m. Supply of food
H bharmta`, and raiment, maintenance.
bhirmt` = S bhramat, bhramt; H bharn [S. , rt. ], v.n. To
be contained to fullness, be filled or filled up,
H. bharmt s.f. Roaming or wandering be full; to be satisfied or sated; to be performed,
about; whirling round; wandering; giddiness, be finished, be complete; to fill up, heal (as a
dizziness; the being in error or mistake, wound); to be covered (as a mare), be lined (as
erroneousness; suspiciousness, suspicion, a bitch); to be poured in; to abound, be replete
doubt; unsteadiness, vacillation;worldly lust, (with, -se); to be loaded or laden, be charged (as
sensual desire. a gun); to be stuffed, crammed, choked, stopped
up (but in this sense bhar-jn is the usual
S bhramar, s.m. A large black bee, form); to be stored, stacked, heaped up,
the humble bee;lover, gallant, libertine; accumulated; to be watered or irrigated (as a
giddiness, vertigo; epilepsy. field); to be steeped (in, -me), soaked,
drenched; to be painted, coloured, daubed,
stained, polluted, defiled; to be cast (in a

401
mould); to be paid in full (a debt), be refunded, S bhringr, s.m. A kind of
be remitted; to be made good, be restored; to be
golden vase (used at royal ceremonials); gold;
full or ripe, come to a head, be full to bursting;
cloves; the plant Verbesina calendulacea.
to swell (as the feet, &c.); to develop, become
plump or well-conditioned (the body);v.t. To
fill; to satisfy; to bestow in abundance, make S bhringr, s.f. A cricket.
rich; to perform, do, fulfil, complete, make
good, discharge; to liquidate, pay, repay, re- S bhringak, s.m. A species of
imburse; to load, charge; to fill (colour, in - shrike, Lanius malabaricus.
me), to daub, paint, stain, defile, pollute; to
soak or steep (in, -me); to weave, plait,
S bhing, s.f. A species of large
intertwine; to wind, twine; to give (evidence);
to repeat (a creed, &c.); to pay (the penalty of), black bee (=bhring); a species of wasp (either
to undergo, suffer, bear, endure; to make (one) the common kind or the Vespa solitaria;syn.
pay; to stir up, excite, instigate, incite:bhar- bhi):bhring-phal, s.m. The hog-plum,
n, v.n. To be or become full (as the heart, Spondias mangifera.
&c.); to be possessed or seized (by a spirit):
bhar-jn, v.n. (intens. of, and=bharn), To be S bhara, and H. bharn,
filled, became full, &c. (see bharn); to be s.f. The second Nakshatra or lunar mansion
broken-winded (a horse):bhar-den, v.t. (containing three stars in Musca, and figured by
intens. of, and=bharn, q.v.:bhar-ln, v.t. To the pudendum muliebre);weft, woof; a
fill, to suffuse (used with s, e.g. s bhar- shuttle.
ln, q.v.s.v. s):bhar-len, v.t. To take the
full amount due (to one), to exact a demand. H bihru [S. +], s.m. Bursting,
splitting, rending, tearing, injuring, destroying.
H bharn, s.m. Act of filling,
completing, &c.; the vessel that receives the S bharu, s.m. Name of iva; n. of
expressed juice of the sugar-cane; debt; daily
expenses. Vishu; husband, lord; gold.

H
bahurn (from bahur, q.v.), v.n.
To come again, come back, return.
H biharn [S. , rt. ], v.n. bhr-bhag (also written bhriku, and
To rejoice, take pleasure;v.t. To enjoy, take
pleasure in; to rejoice, delight.
S bhr, s.f. Eyebrow (syn. bhau):
bhr-bhag, s.m. Contraction of the eyebrows,
angry look, frown:bhr-ku, s.f.=bhr; and
bhraku):bhr-kus, s.m. Actor or dancer in
female attire:bhr-lat, s.f. The eyebrow
compared to the gentle bends of a twining plant.

H bhirn, v.n. To be open or ajar (a

H bharwn (caus. of bharn),
door:cf. bhin). v.t. To cause to be filled, &c.=bharn, q.v.

H bhras, and S. bhra, s.m. H bharw`, s.f.=bhar`, q.v.

Falling (from), falling off, declining (from a
height or from propriety), fall (from virtue);
abandoning, dropping, desertion; overthrow, H bah-rp, s.m.=bahu-rp,
destruction, ruin. q.v.s.v. bahu.

S bhing, s.m. A large black bee H bharaut, s.f. Release in full;

(=bhramar); the fork-tailed shrike (=bhujang, receipt in acknowledgment of full payment;
and bhag-rj);a golden vase; a libertine; acknowledgment; indemnity.
woody cassia; the plant Verbesina prostrata:
bhring-rj, bhring-rajh, s.m. The shrike H bharo, = H
(=bhring); the medicinal plant Eclipta prostrata, bharoh, [S. , or +?], s.m. Load (of
or Verbesina prostrata, or V. scandens, or V.
calendulacea. grass, hay, &c.).

402
H bharoh, = H
H bhar, s.f. The weight of one sicca
bharo, [S. , or +?], s.m. Load (of
rupee (i.e. one tol or twelve mshs).
grass, hay, &c.).

H bhar, bhare, s.f. A jungle

H bharos, s.m. contrac. of
grass (which grows to the height of nine feet,
bharos, q.v.
and is used for thatching, &c.).
H bharos [S. +], s.m.
H bhara` (from bharn), s.f. A cess
Hope, dependence, trust, reliance, assurance,
or tax (in the Benares district), one half of
confidence, faith (syn. sr):bharos den,
which is given to the `mil for charges of
v.t. To give (one) hope; to reassure:bharos
remittance, and the other carried to the credit of
karn (-k, and -par), To hope (in), rely (on),
government.
trust (to), confide (in).

H bhirr, s.f. Dispersion, flight.

H
bahuro, adv.=bahuri, q.v.

H bahriy [S. + ], s.m.

S bhra, bhrn, s.m. Embryo,
Outsider, stranger, foreigner, &c. (=bhiriy;
ftus; unborn child; pregnancy:bhra-ghna,
bhir-k; qq.v.).
bhra-h, bhra-han, adj. & s.m. Ftus-
killing;one who occasions or procures
abortion:bhrn-haty, s.f. Murder of the H
bahuriy [S. +], s.f.
ftus; causing or procuring abortion. Son's wife, daughter-in-law.

H bharaun, s.m. Load of wood H bhariy [S. +], s.m. Land

(cf. bharo). watered by irrigation.

P bahra, s.m. Property, fortune; share, H bharait, s.m.=bhaait, q.v.

portion, quota (=bara, q.v.); profit, gain,
advantage:bahra rakhn (-se), To possess a
H bha [S. ], s.m. Large boat,
share (of), have part or lot (in); to be endowed
(with):bahra-mand, adj. & s.m. Blessed, barge, lighter.
prosperous, fortunate, enjoying one's wish,
contented, happy; profited;one who is H bha [onomatopoetic, or S. ],
blessed, &c.; gainer, profiter;bahra-mand s.m. Sound of crackling fuel, crackle; crash; roll
karn or kar-len (-ko, of person, -se, of thing), (of musketry); rat-tat; rush, whir; sound of
To make (one) possessed (of), put (one) in breaking wind;bha-bha, s.m.=bha (and is
possession (of), to gratify (one, with a thing, the more common form); adv. With a crash, or
&c.):bahra-mand hon (-se), To be in gush or rush, &c.:bha-bha karn, v.n. To
possession (of), to participate, share; to derive burn fiercely; to roar, crackle, crack, crash, &c.
benefit (from); to accomplish an object, be
fortunate, to prosper:bahra-mand, s.f.
H bhi [S. ], s.f. Wasp; hornet
Prosperity, happiness:bahra-war, adj. &
s.m.=bahra-mand, q.v.:bahra-yb, adj. & s.m. (syn. bhir, birn):bhi-ke hatte-me hth
Partaking; profited; profiting;partaker, sharer; ln, lit. 'To put one's hand into a wasp's nest';
gainer. to raise a hornet's nest round oneself; to stir up
mischief or evil:sot bhio-ko jagn, To
H bahr [S. , or +dim. aff. rouse a nest of sleeping hornets; to rouse a
sleeping foe; to revive an old quarrel.
], s.f. Female hawk, falcon, Falco calidus:
bahr-ba, s.m. The male of the bahr. H bhu [S. ?], s.f. Hole (through
which water runs out); well, or gathering pit
H behr, s.f. Subscription, (dug by the brink of a stream, chiefly for
&c.=behr, q.v. irrigation: syn. bhurk).

H buhr, s.f. Fried or parched barley H bha, s.m. A kind of grass

(syn bhn). (=bha: cf. bhar).

403
 H bhaar, s.f. Corn remaining in
S bhi (perf. part. of bhin), adj. (f. the ear after it has been trodden or threshed
-), Joined, touching, in contact; closed, shut; (syn. gh).
ajar; narrow, close; crowded, cramped; in
collision, at loggerheads:bhi rahn (-se), To H bhaariy, s.m. Conjuror,
remain in close contact (with), &c.:bhi-
&c.=bhaneriy, q.v.
hu`, adj. (f. -) = bhi.
H bhas`, s.m. Furnace,
H bhus, bhas, s.f. Rage;
&c.;=bh; bha; qq.v.
resentment; spleen; animosity:bhas nikln,
v.n. To vent one's rage or spleen.
H bhaak [S. =+; cf. also
H bhinn (caus. of bhin), v.t. S. ], s.f. Splendour, glitter, flash, blaze;
To bring together, place in close contact, cause show, pomp, parade, pageantry; burst,
to touch or be joined, to join; to close (a door, explosion; flame; burst of anger, paroxysm,
&c.); to bring into collision, cause to fight;to rage, fury; perturbation, agitation, alarm;
bribe; to stake: bhi-den, v.t.=bhin. starting; shying (of a horse); start, shy;
quivering, throb, pulsation, twitch, &c.:
H bhi` (v.n. from bhin), s.f. bhaak-dr, adj. Splendid, shining, glittering,
blazing, refulgent.
Contact; closing (together, or upon one
another); collision; shock (of armies).
H bhakn (caus. of bhaakn),
H bhabha, s.m.=bha; and v.t. To startle, scare, frighten; to blow up into a
flame, to kindle, inflame, excite, instigate, &c.
bhabbhar, qq.v.
(see bhaakn).

H bhabha (contrac. of
H bhaakn (from bhaak, q.v.),
bhabhaha), s.f. Fierce blazing of fire; loud, v.n. To start, shrink, be scared or alarmed; to
deep, and confused sound; rolling, roaring, shy (a horse); to throb violently, beat, palpitate,
rattling, pealing, bellowing (as of guns, of a quiver, twitch (as the eyelid, &c.); to break or
storm, &c.: see bha-bha). burst forth into flame, blaze up, break out; to
take fire; to fly into a passion, become very
H bhabhan (from bha, excited; to be over-heated; to break, crack (as a
q.v.), v.n. To crackle, &c. (=bha-bha karn, vessel); to be dislocated, be displaced.
q.v.s.v. bha); to flutter.
H bhakawwal,
H bhabhaiy bha-bha + bhakauwal, adj. Splendid, glittering,
iy = S. ikah), adj. & s.m. Speaking from the &c.=bhaak-dr and bhakl, qq.v.
impulse of the moment; blurting out without
consideration whatever comes uppermost; H bhakel, bhakail, = H
simple, guileless, artless; plain-spoken,
candid;one who blurts out whatever comes bhakl [S. ++], adj.
uppermost, &c.; a simple, or guileless person, Splendid, glittering, gorgeous, showy, flashy,
&c.;prater, chatterbox, babbler (=ba baiy). gaudy; shy, skittish, coy; untamed, wild; timid.

H bhabhj, vulg. H bhakl = H

bhabj [S. +], s.m. A caste of bhakel, bhakail, [S. ++], adj.
Hinds whose occupation is to parch grain; a Splendid, glittering, gorgeous, showy, flashy,
member of this caste, a grain-parcher. gaudy; shy, skittish, coy; untamed, wild; timid.

H bhabhjan, s.f. Woman H bharkel-pan, s.m.

of the bhabhj caste; wife of a bhabhj; a Shyness, timorousness, timidity, &c. (see
woman who parches grain. bhakel).

404
H bhin [fr. S. , 'near'; rt. H bhus [S. ], s.m. Husk (of com),
ri], v.n. To draw near, approach, come together, straw; chaff, bran:bhus un, v.n. To make
close to (as shutters, &c.); to be placed in the chaff fly; to beat one to pieces, make
contact, be joined; to come in contact (with), to mincemeat of;to lament, mourn, bewail (as
close (as two armies, &c.), come into collision, the Sh`as do in Moarram):bhus bharn or
to clash, slam, bang (as a door, &c.); to join bharwn, v.n. To cause to be filled or stuffed
battle, to contend, fight; to twine the arms with straw; to flay (a person), and fill the skin
(round, -se), to clasp, embrace. with straw and burn it (an oriental mode of
punishment):bhus bharn (-me), To fill or
H bhaang, adj.=bhabhaiy, q.v. stuff with straw, chaff, or or bran:bhus-par
bart, s.f. lit. 'Assignment on chaff'; an
assignment from which nothing can be
H
bhau`, bhaw [S. obtained, a valueless assignment.
+], s.m. One who lives on the earnings
of a prostitute; pimp, procurer, panderer; H bhasn (caus. of bhasn), v.t.
attendant on a dancing girl (who beats the To cause to float, to set afloat, to launch.
mridang, and assists her in the chorus when she
is singing); blackguard; fool, blockhead. H bhuswan, bhaswan, s.m.
Tax on boats freighted with grain.
H bhawn, v.n. To pander,
procure, pimp. H bhasbhas, adj. Loose,
flabby, flaccid; soft; weak (=phasphas;
H bhau``, bhaw`, pilpil).
s.f. Panderism, pimping; earnings of a pimp.
S bhastr, s.f. Bellows (=bhah).
H bhaot [S. + +],
s.m. One who plies for hire. S bhasad, s.f. Pudendum muliebre;
mons veneris; the sun; a mouth.
H bhih [S. ], s.m. Wolf
(=bheiy) H bhusr, vulg. bhasr
(bhus+dim. aff. r), s.m. Inferior kind of wheat,
H bhaait, s.m.=bhaait, q.v. ear that contains much chaff and little grain.

H bhiait [bhi, rt. of bhin+S. H bhuskr [S. , or

ita], s.m. Contentious, quarrelsome, or ++], s.m. Hissing (of a
pugnacious person.
snake=phuskr).
H bhaait [S. +], s.m.
H bhuskrn, v.n. To hiss
Tenant, lessee:bhaait dar bhaait, s.m. Sub-
(as a snake=phus-krn).
tenant.

H bhasakka, s.m.=bhasakk,
H bhaeri, adj. & s.m.=bhaer;
q.v.
bhaer, qq.v.
H bhasakn [S. +; or
H bhaer, s.f.=bhaner; bhaer,
qq.v. ], v.t. To chew, to eat, eat up, devour,
consume (see bhakshn).
H bhas, s.m. Ashes (=bhasma,
bhasam, q.v.):bhastikk, s.m. Steak, chop, H bhasakn [S. ++],
collop. v.n. To fall, drop down.

H bhis [S. ], s.m. (?), The edible H bhasakk, s.m.

root of the lotus (cf. basen). bhasakko, s.f. One who eats much, or often;
stuffer, crammer, gormandizer.

405
 H bhaswn (caus. of bhasn),
H bhusul, s.m.=bhuser, bhusel; v.t.=bhasn, q.v.
qq.v.
H bhusaur, f. = H
H bhisaln, v.n. To be dazzled
bhusaut, m. = H bhusaud, m.
(the sight: cf. phisaln).
= H bhuser, m. = H

H bhasma, and H. bhasam, bhusai, m. = H bhusel, m. = H
s.f. Ashes, cinders:bhasam-asnn (S. bhusehr, m. [S. +], A
bhasmasnn), s.m. The act of smearing the body place where corn, straw, or chaff is kept.
with the ashes of cow-dung:bhasam-sur,
s.m. A certain demon who had the power to
reduce to ashes any one on whose head he H bhusaut, m. = H
placed his hand:bhasam-patr, s.f. The hemp bhusaur, f. = H
plant; gjh (a cant term):bhasam-tikk,
bhusaud, m. = H bhuser, m. =
s.m. Meat burnt or roasted on cinders, chop,
&c.=bhas-tikk, q.v.:bhasam-ramn, v.n. To H bhusai, m. = H
rub ashes on the body:bhasam-karn, v.t. To bhusel, m. = H bhusehr, m. [S.
reduce to ashes; to burn, calcine:bhasma-
garbh, s.f. The sissoo-tree, Dalbergia sissoo, or +], A place where corn, straw, or chaff
a variety of it:bhasam hon, v.n. To be is kept.
reduced to ashes; to be digested, consumed,
utterly destroyed, &c.; to be overcome with H bhusaud, m. = H
rage, be in a great rage.
bhusaur, f. = H bhusaut,
S bhasmak, s.m. Morbid appetite m. = H bhuser, m. = H
with general decay; disease of the eyes, bhusai, m. = H bhusel,
indistinctness of vision (arising from a
thickening of the membranes):bhasmak-rog, m. = H bhusehr, m. [S.
s.m.=bhasmak. +], A place where corn, straw, or chaff
is kept.
H bhasmant [S. +],
s.m. What is reduced to ashes; ashes; anything H bhuser, m. = H
utterly consumed or destroyed; any perishing
thing. bhusaur, f. = H bhusaut, m. = H
bhusaud, m. = H

S bhasm, s.f. Ashes; ashes of a bhusai, m. = H bhusel, m. = H
corpse;place of cremation:bhasm-kara,
bhusehr, m. [S. +], A
s.m. The act of reducing to ashes; completely
consuming or burning; calcining:bhasm-krit, place where corn, straw, or chaff is kept.
part. Reduced to ashes calcined (as a metal).
H bhusai, m. = H
H bihasn [S. ], v.n. To bhusaur, f. = H bhusaut, m. = H
smile, laugh; to be pleased (syn kasn). bhusaud, m. = H
H bhasn [S. +], v.n. To
bhuser, m. = H bhusel, m. = H
float, float away, be carried down the stream; to
go down, sink; to be drowned. (In some of its bhusehr, m. [S. +], A
meanings the word would seem to point to the place where corn, straw, or chaff is kept.
S. rt. vah, as its source).
H bhusel, m. = H
H bhusun [S. ], s.f. A
bhusaur, f. = H bhusaut, m. = H
kind of weapon (apparently a kind of fire-
arms); a small gun. bhusaud, m. = H
bhuser, m. = H bhusai, m. = H

406
 bhusehr, m. [S. +], A H bahkn (caus. of bahakn,
place where corn, straw, or chaff is kept. q.v.), v.t. To intimidate, work upon one's fears;
to frighten away; to to lead away, mislead,
H bhusehr, m. = H beguile, deceive, delude; to cause to err,
blunder, or slip; to baulk, disappoint; to entice,
bhusaur, f. = H bhusaut, allure, seduce, decoy; to stir up, excite, incite,
m. = H bhusaud, m. = H instigate; to set (one) against; to make one
forget himself, to intoxicate; to make one
bhuser, m. = H bhusai, chatter or babble:bahk-den,
m. = H bhusel, m. [S. +], v.t.=bahkn:bahk-le-jn, v.t. To entice or
A place where corn, straw, or chaff is kept. lure away; to run away with, carry off, elope
with.
P bihisht [Z. vahista; S. vasishha], s.f. The
abode of the blessed, Paradise (syn. H bahkw, s.m. = H
baikunh):bihisht-k mewa, s.m. bahkwa, s.f. = H
Pomegranate; any delicious fruit: bihisht-k
bahky, s.m. Intimidation; frightening off or
qumr, s.f. lit. 'Dove of Paradise'; a dancing
away; misleading, leading astray; imposition,
girl:bihisht-k haw, s.f. Cool, refreshing
deception, delusion; blind, feint, trick,
breeze; delightful climate:bihisht-wl, adj.
stratagem, ruse:bahkwe-me n (-ke), To
& s.m. (f. -), Paradisiacal;inhabitant of
be intimidated (by); to fall into the snare or
paradise, celestial being.
allurement (of), to be deceived or deluded (by),
be imposed upon (by); &c.
P bihisht, adj. & s.m. Of or pertaining to
paradise; paradisiacal; celestial;inhabitant of
paradise; the blessed;a Mohammadan water- H bahkwa, s.f. = H
supplier (vulg. called a bhst). bahkw, s.m. = H
bahky, s.m. Intimidation; frightening off or
H bhish [S. ], s.f. The feces, away; misleading, leading astray; imposition,
excrement; filth. deception, delusion; blind, feint, trick,
stratagem, ruse:bahkwe-me n (-ke), To
H bhishtal [S. +], s.f. be intimidated (by); to fall into the snare or
Unclean, or dirty-looking woman; slattern; allurement (of), to be deceived or deluded (by),
foolish or stupid woman. be imposed upon (by); &c.

S bhishaj, s.m. A physician. H bahky, s.m. = H

S bhair, s.f. A species of beet, bahkwa, s.f. Intimidation; frightening off or
Beta Bengalensis.
S bahuk, s.m. The plant Calotropis
gigantea.
H bhak (probably onomatopoetic), s.f.
Puff, blast, flash (in the pan), explosion;dry
powdered tobacco (which is easily puffed or
blown away):bhak-bhak, s.f. Puffing (as of
an engine); roaring (of a fierce fire); sound
expressive of the manner in which dust or
powders fly up and about on being flapped:
bhak-se u-jn, v.n. To fly off with a flap or
flop; to explode; to be cut clean off:bhak-se
u-jne-wl, adj. (f. -), Explosive;
combustible.
H bhikr, s.m.=bhikhr, q.v. Supreme Being:bhakt-vatsal, bhakt-hitkrak,
bahkw, s.m. = H
away; misleading, leading astray; imposition,
deception, delusion; blind, feint, trick,
stratagem, ruse:bahkwe-me n (-ke), To
be intimidated (by); to fall into the snare or
allurement (of), to be deceived or deluded (by),
be imposed upon (by); &c.
S bhakt (rt. ], part. adj. & s.m. (f.
-), Cooked, dressed;attached, devoted;
attentive, engrossed by; believing, pious;one
who has devoted himself to a religious life;
adorer, devotee, follower, votary, zealot;a
Hind who performs for entertainment, dancer,
player (see bhagat);boiled rice, food, meal
(=bhatt, bht):bhakt-dhn, adj. In
subjection to his worshippers:bhakt-jan,
s.m.=bhakt;s.m. pl. Worshippers, devotees,
&c.:bhakt-rj, s.m. 'Lord of the devout'; the
bhakt-hitkr, adj. & s.m. Kind or gracious to

407
worshippers, or suppliants, or faithful H bhaks, s.f. Dungeon,
attendants;gracious being; the Deity:bhakt
&c.=bhks, q.v.
hon, v.n. To become a devotee, &c.; to be
initiated as a devotee, be affiliated to a religious
order. S bhaksh, adj. Eating, devouring
(used as the last member of comp. adj.).
S bhakti, s.f. Religion, faith, belief;
devotion, adoration, worship; attachment, S bhiksh, s.f. Begging, asking
devotedness, service; desire:bhakti-bhakt, alms; that which is obtained by begging, alms
s.m. One who performs or observes bhakti, (=bhkh); begged food;hire, service:
q.v.:bhakti-bhava, s.m. The origin or source bhiksh-ptra, s.m. Beggar's bowl or wallet, any
of bhakti:bhakti-mn, bhakti-mat, bhakti- vessel in which alms are collected:bhiksh
mant, bhakti-wn, bhakti-wat, bhakti-want, adj. mgn (-se), To ask for alms (com. bhkh
Devoted, attached; devout, religious, pious, mgn):bhiksh-hr, s.m. One who
faithful:bhakti-hn, adj. & s.m. Destitute of receives alms, beggar, mendicant.
devotion, &c.,an impious person; disobedient
person. S bhakshit, part. Eaten,
devoured.
H bhakti [S. ], s.f. Breaking,
fracture. S bhakshak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik),
Eating, devouring, feeding upon; voracious,
S bhukta, bhukt (rt. ), part. adj. gluttonous;eater, feeder, devourer, glutton.
& s.m. Enjoyed, eaten; used, possessed;
experienced, suffered;act of eating; eater; S bhikshuk, s.m. Beggar,
thing eaten or enjoyed, food.
mendicant (=bhikshu).
S bhukti, s.f. Enjoying, enjoyment,
S bhaksha, s.m. Eating, feeding,
eating; food; fruition, possession, usufruct.
devouring, gormandizing; food, meal,
victuals:bhaksha karn (-ko), To eat, feed
H bhakt`, = S upon, devour; to take a meal; to gormandize.
bhaktat, s.f. Devotedness, implied faith in,
attachment to; religiousness, piety, sanctity; the H bhakshn, v.t. To eat,
life of a devotee.
&c.=bhaksha karn, q.v.s.v. bhaksha.
S bhaktat, = H
S bhakshaya, adj. Fit to eat,
bhakt`, s.f. Devotedness, implied faith in,
attachment to; religiousness, piety, sanctity; the suitable or lawful to be eaten, eatable, proper
life of a devotee. for food.

S bhakti-mn, = S S bhikshu, s.m. One who subsists

bhakti-wn, adj. See s.v. bhakti.
S bhakti-wn, = S
bhakti-mn, adj. See s.v. bhakti.
H bhakt, s.f.=bhakti; and bhakt`;
qq.v.
H bhaks, adj. Astringent (=baks;
baksail, qq.v.).
H bhuks, s.m. Name of a forest To be frightened away; to be deceived, misled;
tribe of Rjpts.
on alms, beggar, mendicant, religious
mendicant (=bhikshuk; bhikhr); the fourth
Hind ram.
S bhaksh, adj. & s.m.=bhakshak,
q.v.
S bhakshya, part.
adj.=bhakshay, q.v.
H bahakn [bahak = Prk.
(), or (), fr. S. + ], v.n.
to stray; to be baulked or disappointed; to be
intoxicated, &c. (see bahkn).

408

H bhukn (cf. khubn), v.n. To be
pierced, be pricked.
H bhaku`, bhakw, adj. &
s.m. Foolish, stupid;fool, blockhead.
H bhaku`n,
bhakwn, v.n. To be stupefied, become
foolish, lose one's senses.
v.n. To act (a play), to imitate, mimic:bhagat
hon, v.n. To be initiated as a devotee, &c.
(=bhakt hon: the initiation, which is peculiar to
the low tribes, consists in putting a necklace of
beads round the neck, and marking a circle on
the forehead; after which the initiated person is
bound to refrain from the use of spirituous
liquors, flesh, &c.).
H bhagt [S. +], s.m. A tribe
of ahrs.

H bhakosn (for bhakasn = H bhugtn (caus. of bhugatn),

bhasakn, q.v.), v.t. To eat, devour, stuff.
H bhikh = bhkh:bhikh-mang =
bhkh-mang.
H bhikhr [S. +],
s.m. Beggar, mendicant;a proper name.
H bhikhr, s.f. Unfilled or
hollow grain; shrivelled grain.
H bhakhn, v.t.=bhakshn, q.v.
v.t. To cause to enjoy; to cause to experience,
cause to suffer or undergo, cause to be realized;
to do, perform, execute, discharge; to finish,
complete, have done with, dispose of; to settle,
adjust, pay off, liquidate; to requite; to
distribute, apportion, portion out.
H bhagtn [S. +], s.f.
Wife of a bhagat;(ironically), lewd woman,
prostitute, harlot.
H bhagt`, s.f.=bhakt`,
bhaktat, q.v.

S bhag s.m. f. (?), Divine power, H bhugatmn [S. + ],

omnipotence supreme power; excellence,
virtue, glory, fame, greatness, strength;
splendour, beauty; prosperity, fortune; wish;
effort, exertion; religious tranquillity or absence
of passion; amorous pleasure, dalliance;
pudendum muliebre, vulva.
adj. & s.m. Fit to enjoy; fit to suffer or undergo;
deserving punishment;one who deserves
punishment or suffering.
H bhagtan, s.f.=bhagtn, q.v.

H bhugg, adj. & s.m. Simple, H bhugatn [S. +n = S.

foolish;simpleton, fool, &c.=bugg, q.v. ], v.t. To enjoy; to experience, realize,
suffer, undergo, endure, put up with, pay the
S bhagl, s.m. The human skull penalty of, be requited for; to terminate,
accomplish; to settle with, try conclusions with.
S bhaglin, adj. & s.m.
H bhagatiy, bhagtiy [S.
Bedecked with skulls;an epithet of iva.
H bhagn (caus. of bhgn, q.v.), +], s.m. A professional dancer; dancing
v.t. To cause to flee or escape, cause to run boy (dressed up as a dancing girl); player.
away, to put to flight, defeat, put to the rout:
bhag-le-jn, v.t. To drive off, run away with, ? bhagar, s.m.=bhagal, q.v.
elope with.
? bhagal [S. +; or +],
H bhign (caus. of bhgn, q.v.), s.m. Affectation, hypocrisy; deception, deceit,
v.t. To wet, moisten, soak, steep. trick, imposture, perfidy; acting, sham,
simulation, disguise;rotten or decayed
H bhagat [S. ], adj. & s.m. corn:bhagal bann, bhagal ghn, bhagal
Righteous; pious;devotee, pious or holy man, nikln, v.n. To act a part, to affect; to pretend
&c. (see bhakt);mock representation, or sham (esp. poverty); to play a trick; to play
disguise, mask, religious play:bhagat kheln, the hypocrite.

409
H bhagal-pan, s.m. respectable person:bhagwn-k duh`, intj.
Affectedness, hypocrisy, perfidiousness, deceit, God help or protect us (syn. na`u bi`llh).
&c.bhagal.
H bhagwn (caus. of bhgn),
H bhagl, adj. False, artificial, v.t. To cause to be driven away; to cause to
sham, mock, fictitious, invented, simulated, drive away; to put to flight, &c. (=bhagn).
counterfeit, pseudo-; deceitful, perfidious:
bhagl gahn, s.m. Artificial or false jewels, H bhigwn (caus. of bhgn),
trinkets. v.t. To cause to be soaked or drenched; to wet,
soak, &c. (=bhign).
H bhagliy, bhagaly, s.m.
Pretender, impostor, cheat; hypocrite; charlatan, S bhaga-vat, vulg. bhagwat, adj.
quack. & s.m.=bhagwn, q.v.:bhagavad-gt, s.f.
Name of a philosophic poem (an episode of the
H bhagan, s.m. (in Pros.), A dactyl. Mahbhrat) held in high esteem by the
Vaishnavas.
S bhagna, bhagn, part. Broken, torn;
S bhagavat, vulg. bhagwat
defeated, vanquished; afflicted, wretched;
despised, disregarded;bhagns, bhagn (fem. of bhagwat), s.f. An estimable female; the
(bhagna+a), adj. & s.m. Of broken or goddess of fortune (Lakshm); the goddess
disappointed hopes, disappointed, Durg;a sword; cannon.
discouraged;a disappointed person.
H bhago [S. ++],
H bhagn, v.n. (prov.)=bhgn, q.v. s.m. Runaway, &c.=bhagg, q.v.

H bhagin, bhagn, s.m. S bhagavan, vulg. bhagwan, intj.

Your honour! your worship! your reverence!
Nephew (=bhj, the form is peculiar to
Bengal).
H bhigon (caus. of bhgn), v.t.
H bhign, v.n. (prov.)=bhgn, q.v. To wet soak, steep, &c. (=bhign,
bhigwn):bhigo-bhigo-ke lagn or mrn,
v.t. To make mock obeisance; to eulogize
H bhagns, adj. See s.v. mockingly or in fun.
bhagna, bhagn.
S bhagavant, vulg. bhagwant,
S bhagan-dar, s.m. lit. 'Rending adj. & s.m.=bhagwn, q.v.
the vulva'; a fistula in the pudendum muliebre,
or in the anus; a boil in or close to the anus. H bhagoh, s.m.=bhagw, q.v.

S bhagin, bhagn, s.f. Sister

H bhagg (from bhgn), s.f. Flight;
(=bahin);niece (=bhj;cf. bhagin).
panic (=bhga):bhagg pan (-me), To be
stricken with panic; to fly helter-skelter.
H bhagg (bhag, contrac. rt. of
bhgn+ = S. aff. uka), s.m. Runaway, S bhagrath, s.m. Name of an
fugitive, deserter; coward.
ancient king (son of Dilip), who by his austere
devotion caused the descent of the Ganges from
H bhagw, s.m. Kind of red ochre heaven (hence he is called 'the father of the
(syn. geru); cloth dyed with this colour (used by Gange').
jogs).
H bhagel [S. +], s.m.
S bhag-wn, adj. & s.m. Overthrow, defeat, rout; runaway, &c.
Fortunate, prosperous, happy, glorious, (=bhagg; bhago).
illustrious, adorable, divine, worshipful;the
Supreme Being, God;any estimable or

410
H bahal, s.f.=bahl, q.v.:bahal-wn, intj. Well, very good; how fortunate! forsooth,
in sooth, of a truth; strange;s.m. Good,
s.m. The driver of the bahal.
welfare, &c. (=bhal`, q.v.):bhal dm,
s.m.=bhal mnus, q.v.:bhale-bure, s.m. All
S bahul, adj. Thick, dense, compact, sorts of people; bad men, bad characters:
solid; broad, wide, spacious, wide-spread; bhal-bur sunn, bhal kahn, v.t. To speak
capacious, ample, large; abundant, exceeding, ill of; to inveigh against, rail at, reproach,
numerous, manifold, many, much; full of, villify, abuse:bhal-ang, adj. (f. -), In good
abounding in, rich in; attended by; order or condition, in sound health, well, hale
comprehensive (as a rule); born under the and hearty; good, perfect:bhal karn, v.t. To
Pleiades; black;adv. Often, frequently. do good (to, -ko); to do well; to do wisely; to
prosper (see ah karn):bhal kah, intj.
P bi-hil (imperat. of hildan) = biil, q.v. Well-said!
you don't say so! strange! no matter!:bhala
A bahl, adj. Little; easy;s.m. Malediction, lagn, v.n. To appear or look well; to become,
curse. &c. (=ah lagn), q.v.:bhal mnus, bhal
mnas, s.m. Courteous, polite, or humane
H bhal, s.m. Side, direction, &c.=bal, person; good, honest, or respectable man;
gentleman; man of position or rank, nobleman;
q.v.
(ironic.) silly fellow, simpleton, fool; wicked
fellow, rascal:bhal mann, v.t. To take well,
H bhal, adj. Good, well, &c.=bhal, take in good part.
q.v. (used only in comp.):bhal-bhal-ujl,
s.m. Broad daylight:bhal-ghoiy, adj. & s.m. H bhill [S. +], s.m. A
Having a good horse, well-mounted;a
bhl, q.v.; barbarian, &c.=bhil, q.v.
cavalier:bhal-mnus, adj. Courteous,
&c.=bhal-mnus, q.v.:bhal-manst, bhal-
mansyat, bhal-mans`, bhal-mans, s.f. Good S bhallt, s.m. The marking-nut
nature, benevolence, humanity, benignity; plant (=bhilw, q.v.).
courtesy, civility, urbanity, honourableness,
decorum; gentlemanliness. H bhul, s.f. contrac. of bhulwa,
q.v.
S bhall, s.m. Bear; a kind of arrow;
also=bhallt, q.v.:bhall-puh, bhall-puh, H bahln (bahl =
s.f. lit. 'Bear's tail'; the plant Hedysarum
bah(n)+Hind caus. aug. l), v.t. To cause to be
logopodioides.
pleased, to amuse, divert, recreate, entertain,
cheer, enliven (syn. bahirn).
S bhill, bhil, s.m.=bhl, q.v.;
barbarian, ignorant fellow; fool. H bahln (caus. from S. ), v.t.
To carry water into a field, to flood a field.
H bahil, bahl [S.
+], adj. Barren (generally applied to H bhuln (caus. of bhln), v.t.
cattle). To cause to be forgotten; to cause to forget; to
cause to lose; to inveigle; to deceive; to
S
bahul, s.f. A cow; cardamoms; the mislead, lead astray; to bewilder; to fascinate;
to coax, amuse, allure, divert:bhul-den,
indigo plant; the dark fortnight of a lunar
v.t.=bhuln.
month; name of the twelfth kal of the moon;
name of a goddess.
H bhul`, adj. & s.m. Misleading,
H bahul [S.
], s.m. The deceiving;misleader, deceiver, inveigler.
Pleiades; name of a people.
H bhul`o, = H
H bhal [S. ], adj. (f. -), Good, bhulw, s.m. Leading into error, misleading,
deception, fraud, cheating; deceit; feint, trick,
excellent, virtuous, righteous; honest,
hoax:bhulw den (-ko), To beguile,
respectable; benevolent, kind; healthy, well,
deceive; to mislead; to play a trick upon.
sound; fortunate, prosperous; strange,
wonderful, admirable; comical, droll;adv. &

411
H bhulw, = H
bhul`o, s.m. Leading into error, misleading, H bhulla, adj. & s.m.=bhulakka,
deception, fraud, cheating; deceit; feint, trick, q.v.
hoax:bhulw den (-ko), To beguile,
deceive; to mislead; to play a trick upon. H bhulsn (caus. of bhulasn),
v.t. To burn, scorch, singe.
H bhulwa, s.f. Forgetfulness,
obliviousness. H bhuls`o, s.m. Burning,
scorching, &c.
H bhilw, = H
bhilwan, [S. ], s.m. The marking-nut H bhulasn [fr. S. , cf.
plant, Semecarpus anacardium (commonly the H. jhulasn; and the H. baln and jaln], v.n.
called 'the Malacca bean'); the Acjon or To be burnt, scorched, singed, charred; v.t. To
cashew nut (from which is extracted an acid burn, scorch, &c. (bhulsn);to fling or throw
juice used for medicinal purposes, as well as a a gift (at).
black liquid used for marking linen. It is also
used for making wales on the body, which are S bhalluk, bhallak, vulg.
shown in a criminal court as evidence of having
bhalak, s.m. Bear (=bhluk).
been beaten).
H bhalk, s.m. Dawn of day,
H bhilwan, = H
morning (= bhor); the morning star (syn.
bhilw, [S. ], s.m. The marking-nut bhurk); a gold star or patch fixed on a nose-
plant, Semecarpus anacardium (commonly ring.
called 'the Malacca bean'); the Acjon or
cashew nut (from which is extracted an acid S bhallik, s.f. The marking-nut
juice used for medicinal purposes, as well as a
(=bhilw, q.v.).
black liquid used for marking linen. It is also
used for making wales on the body, which are
shown in a criminal court as evidence of having H bhulakka (bhl, rt. of
been beaten). bhln+S. kara), adj. & s.m. Forgetful,
oblivious; thoughtless, careless, negligent;
H bhul`on, v.t.=bhuln, q.v. blundering, stupid;one who is very forgetful;
a great blunderer, &c. (syn. bhulla).
H bhal` (from bhal), s.f. Good,
H bhillin, s.f. A woman or girl of
goodness, excellence, virtue, merit; beauty;
benefit, service, gain, profit; humanity, the bhl race (see bhil; bhill; bhl).
benevolence, kindness; good health; welfare,
prosperity:bhal` karn (-se, and -ke sth), H bahaln (from bahln), v.n. To
To show or practise beneficence (towards), to be diverted, amused, entertained, cheered, &c.;
be good or kind (to), &c. to pass away pleasantly or agreeably (time).

H bhal-pan [S. ], S bhallk, s.m. Bear (=bhluk).

s.m.=bhal`, q.v.
A bahll, bahlol, s.m. A prince endowed
S
bahulat, s.f. Abundance; with every virtue; one who is much addicted to
multiplicity; comprehensiveness. laughter; jester, joker; name of a celebrated
dervish.
S bha-lat, s.f. The shrub Pderia
H bhilauj [S. +],
ftida.
s.f. The seed of the marking-nut plant (see
bhilw).
S
bahulatw, s.m.=bahulat, q.v.
P bihla, bahla, s.m. Privy purse; skin or
H bhal-bhal, s.f. Sound of glove worn by falconers:bahle-bardr, s.m.
gushing water, &c. Bearer of the privy purse.

412
S bhilla, s.m. See bhill and bhl.
H bahl [S. ++], s.f. A
small two-wheeled vehicle without springs,
drawn by two oxen (=bahal).
S bhall, s.f. A kind of arrow with a
crescent-shaped head; the marking nut
(=bhallt.)
H bahliy, s.m. Driver of a bahl
(=bahal-wn).
H bhamrn, v.n.=bharbharn,
q.v.
P bahman [Pehl. vahu-man; Zend vohu-
manah; S. ], s.m. The eleventh solar
month (when the sun is in Aquarius);name of
Ardshr, son of Isfandyr;name of a plant
which flowers in the month bahman (it is
distinguished, from the colour of the root, into
two kinds, sur, 'red,' and sufaid 'white').
H bahman, s.m.=brhman, q.v.

H bahaliy, s.m.=baheliy, q.v. H bhamn [S. , rt. ; Prk.

], v.n. To turn, revolve, whirl, spin
H bahlm, s.m. Name of a small (=bhaun, bh`on, bahun).
tribe of Mohammadans near Mra and Dasna.
H bhumu, s.f. A large kind of
P ba-ham (for (b-ham), adv. Together, one basket.
with another; one against another:baham n,
baham pahun, v.n. To be procured, H bahman-e, s.m. A young
acquired, or obtained; to come to hand:
Brhma (=brhman-e, bhman-e).
baham pahun, v.t. To convey, supply,
provide, procure, acquire, get; to bring about,
form (a friendship, &c.):baham-dgar, adv. H bham [S. ], s.f. Going round,
Together, one with another. turning round, whirling, spinning; wandering.

H bhambk, = H H bhumy [S. + ], s.m.

bhambak, (cf. bhambo), s.m. Large hole or Landholder.
perforation, gap.
H bahin, bahan; vulg. bhain; [S.
H bhambak, = H ; Prk. ], s.f. Sister; female cousin;
bhambk, (cf. bhambo), s.m. Large hole or an affectionate term of address.
perforation, gap.
H bihan, bihin [S. ], s.m.
H bhambhann, v.n. To buzz,
Seed (for sowing:syn. bj; biy; bhan).
&c.=bhinbhinn, q.v.
H bhan, bhin, s.f.=bhan-bhan,
H bhambo [S. +; rt. ], s.f. A
bhin-bhin, q.v.
fat and unwieldy woman, an unsightly fat
woman.
S bhinna, bhinn (rt. ), part. adj.
& s.m. Broken, split, divided, disunited;
H bhambhon,
scattered, separated; separate, apart, distinct,
v.t.=bhabhon. diverse; distinguished; other, different; opened,
unfolded, expanded, blown;(in Arith.), a
H bhambhr, = H fraction (syn. kasr):bhinnbhinn
bhambr, s.f.=bhabr, q.v. (bhinna+abhinna), adj. Separate and not
separate, distinct and not distinct:bhinna-
bhg-har, s.m. (in Arith.), Division of
H bhambr, = H
fractions:bhinn-bhinn, adj. & adv. Various,
bhambhr, s.f.=bhabr, q.v. diverse, separate, different;separately,
severally, one by one:bhinna-sakalit, s.m.
H bhamr, s.f.=bharbhar, q.v. (in Arith.), Addition of fractions:bhinna-

413
gun, s.m. (in Arith.), Multiplication of parched; to cause, or to get (one) to parch, &c.;
fractions:bhinn-gotra, s.m. One not belonging to have or get (grain, &c.) parched or fried, &c.
to the same family or tribe, one of a different
lineage:bhinna-ghan, s.m. (in Arith.), Cube of H bhunn (caus. of bhunn, 'to be
a fraction:bhinna-vat, adj. Disjoined, divided, changed'), v.t. To cause to be changed; to
scattered:bhinna-varg, s.m. (in Arith.) Square change (money).
of a fraction:bhinna-var, adj. & s.m. Of
different colour; of a different tribe or caste;a
man of a different caste:bhinnodar H bhun` (v.n. from bhunn, 'to
(bhinna+udara), s.m. Brother not by the same get or have parched'), s.f. Price paid for
mother, half-brother:bhinnodar, s.f. Half- parching grain.
sister:bhinna-vyavakalit, s.m. (in Arith.)
Subtraction of fractions. H bhun` (v.n. from bhunn), s.f.
Price paid for exchange (of money), discount or
H bahn [S. , rt. ], v.n. To loss in exchange.
flow; to go or swim with the stream; to float; to
drift; to glide, slide; to run (as a sore); to blow H bhabon, v.t.=bhabhon,
(as a breeze); to pass, drive; to be carried away, q.v.
be separated; to be lost, ruined, or destroyed; to
be wasted, squandered, or dissipated; to melt,
H bhan-bhan, bhin-
dissolve, become watery:bah-jn,
v.n.=bahn (esp. in an intens. sense); to run off bhin [S. by redupl.], s.f. Buzzing,
or away; to blow away, &c. humming, ringing sound (as of the ears):
bhin-bhin karn, v.n. To buzz,
H bahin, bahn, s.f. Sister, &c.=bhinbhinn, q.v.
&c. (=bahin: com. to women;also written
baihn; bhain, bhen). H bhinbhin, s.m. One who
speaks through the nose; &c. (see next).
H
bahun, v.n. To revolve,
&c.=bhamn, q.v. H bhanbhann,
bhinbhinn (see bhan-bhan), v.n. To buzz,
H bihn, behn (from bihan), s.m. hum; to have a ringing sound (in the ear); to
One who separates the seeds from cotton; bark (as a dog); to speak through the nose:cf.
cotton-comber, cotton-carder (syn. dhuny). bhinnn.

H bhunn, v.t. See bhunn. H bhinbhinha, s.f.

Buzzing; buzz, hum (=bhin-bhin, q.v.).
H bahnp (bahn+p = S. ),
H
bhambh`, s.m. A faqr or
s.m. Sisterly affection or kindness, sisterliness;
sisterhood. ascetic who is pressed by hunger to rob.

H bhunns, s.m. Strong post to H bhabhorn, = H

which an elephant is tied (=bhauns); penis. bhabhon, [S. ++ ],
To tear and mangle, to worry (as a dog worries
H bhann (caus. of bhann), v.t. a cat, &c.), to gnaw, bite, devour, mouth (as a
To speak (cf. next). dog does a bone, &c.).

H bhannn, bhinnn H bhabhon, = H

[S. , rt. ], v.n. To sound, ring, buzz, bhabhorn, [S. ++ ],
hum, whiz; to have a ringing sound or buzzing To tear and mangle, to worry (as a dog worries
(in the ears); to speak with a nasal twang; to get a cat, &c.), to gnaw, bite, devour, mouth (as a
into a whirl; to be in fear (of). dog does a bone, &c.).

H bhunn (caus. of bhunn or H bhabhr, s.m. = H

bhnn, 'to parch), v.t. To cause to be fried or bhabhr, s.f. = H

414
bhabr, s.f. [S. ; rt. ], H bhams,
Butterfly; dragon-fly:bhabr-s daun, v.n. bhims = H bhaws,
To run swiftly (said of a child).
bhiws s.m.=bims, q.v.
H bhabhr, s.f. = H
H bhaws, bhiws
bhabhr, s.m. = H
= H bhams,
bhabr, s.f. [S. ; rt. ],
Butterfly; dragon-fly:bhabr-s daun, v.n. bhims s.m.=bims, q.v.
To run swiftly (said of a child).
H
bhuj (for bhuj, perf. part. of
H bhabr, s.f. = H bhujn = bhnn), s.m. Parched grain
bhabhr, s.m. = H (=bhujn).

bhabhr, s.f. [S. ; rt. ], H bhanjn [S. ], v.t.

Butterfly; dragon-fly:bhabr-s daun, v.n. To change money (=bhunn).
To run swiftly (said of a child).
S bhanjat, adj. Breaking, severing,
H bahant [S. ; rt. ], s.m.
destroying;s.f. Discount, &c.=bhun`, q.v.
Wind, air.
S bhanjak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik),
S bhait, part. Sounded, uttered,
Breaking, severing, destroying; afflicting;
spoken. breaker, destroyer.

S bhaiti, s.f. Speech, talk, S bhanjan, adj.=bhanjak, q.v.;

discourse. s.m. Breaking, separating, dividing,
demolishing destroying; violating, afflicting:
S bhaita, = S bhanjan karn, v.t. To break, destroy, &c.
bhanitri, s.m. Author. composer
H bhanjn, v.n. To break, divide,
S bhanitri, = S part, go asunder, &c.;v.t. To break, separate,
bhaita, s.m. Author. composer sunder, &c. (see bhanjan).

S bhinnat, s.f. Separateness; H bhujn, v.t.=bhogn, bhugatn,

separation, distinction, difference. qq.v.

H bhaa [S. ; ], s.m. S bhindpl, s.m. A short dart

The egg-plant, Solanum melongena (syn. or arrow thrown from the hand or shot through
baigan). a tube; a stone fastened to a string.

H bha, s.m. Ploughman's wages H bihan, s.m. (?), Land cut up by a

in kind (see bht, bht, bhatt). torrent.

H bhams, = H H bha [S. ; but cf. and

bhaws, s.m. The fruit of the ko` or ], s.m. Breaking up, dissolution; marring,
water-lily. spoiling, destroying, ruining; confusion:
bhan-arb, s.m.=bhan:bhan karn or
kar-den, v.t. To break up, spoil, mar, ruin,
H bhaws, = H
destroy:bhan hon, v.n. To be broken; to be
bhams, s.m. The fruit of the ko` or spoiled, &c.
water-lily.
S bha, s.m.=bh, bh, q.v.

415
S bhai, s.f. A wave; Bengal
madder, Rubia manjith (=bhan).
H bhu (contrac. of bh or
bho), adj. Unlucky, inauspicious:bhun-
pair, adj. Of unlucky footsteps, ill-omened.
H bhin [S. ], = H
bhin [S. ], s.m. Round ball or mass;
lump, mass, block; lump or ball of tobacco:
bhine-na, s.m. The room appropriated to
the apparatus of the uqqa.
H bhanr-pan, s.m. Status
of a store-keeper, stewardship, purveyorship,
treasurership.
H bhanariy (dim. of
bhanr;iy = S. ik), s.f. Small store-house
or depository, closet; a beggar's wallet.
H bhan-sr, = H
bhan-sl, [S. +], s.f.
Store-house, magazine, granary,the provision
which is previously reserved for years

H bhin [S. ], = H H bhan-sl, = H

bhin [S. ], s.m. Round ball or mass; bhan-sr, [S. +], s.f. Store-
lump, mass, block; lump or ball of tobacco: house, magazine, granary,the provision
bhine-na, s.m. The room appropriated to which is previously reserved for years H
the apparatus of the uqqa. bhansl, s.m. One who stores up
grain for years;adj. Spoiled through long
H bhan, s.m. Earthen pot, keeping; decayed, rotten, bad.
&c.=bh, q.v.:bhan phn,
v.n.=bh phn. H bhanak, s.m.=bhan, q.v.:
bhanak-bhan, idem:bhanak-bhan
H bhanr, = H karn or kar-den = bhan karn, q.v.s.v.
bhan.
bhanr, [S. +], s.m. Place where
household goods and utensils are kept, store-
S bhanak, s.m. Water-wagtail.
room, store-house, depository, magazine,
warehouse; the well of a native cart; receptacle
for water, reservoir or tank; bed of a river; (fig.) S bhanil, adj. & s.m. Fortunate,
head, skull; villages managed by a rj or happy, prosperous, auspicious;a messenger;
zamndr himself; private estate (not rented or the plant Mimosa sirisha.
farmed to others);bhanr, s.m. Feast of
Jogis, Sanyss, &c. H bhundl, s.f. A kind of worm
covered with hair, the palmer-worm (cf. s`-
H bhanr, = H pok).
bhanr, [S. +], s.m. Place where
household goods and utensils are kept, store- S bhaan, s.m. Deception;
room, store-house, depository, magazine, mischief, evil, wickedness; armour, mail; war,
warehouse; the well of a native cart; receptacle battle.
for water, reservoir or tank; bed of a river; (fig.)
head, skull; villages managed by a rj or H bhanauw (fr. S. ), s.m.
zamndr himself; private estate (not rented or
farmed to others);bhanr, s.m. Feast of Mimicry, ridicule, satire, ribaldry.
Jogis, Sanyss, &c.
H bhanol [S. +],
H bhanr-pan, s.f. A row or pile of water-pots one above the
s.m.=bhanr-pan, q.v. other (syn. bhaer, bhaner, bhaner).

H bhanr [S. S bhan, s.f.=bhani, q.v.

++], s.m. Overseer of a

storehouse, store-keeper, keeper of a warehouse
or magazine; steward, purveyor, treasurer.
H bhin [S. ], s.f. The
vegetable Hibiscus abelmoschus, or H.
esculentus (commonly called, in India, 'lady's
finger').

416
S bhanr, adj.=bhanil, q.v.
H bhaner, s.f.=bhanol, q.v.
S bhanr, s.f.=bhani, bhan,
q.v.
H bhinsr (for bihan-sr, from
bihn, q.v.), s.m. Dawn of day, day-break, day-
light, early morning (also written bhinusr,
bhinnsr);adv. At dawn, &c.
H bhansl, s.f.=bhansl, q.v.

H bhasar, bhasr, s.m. Name

H bhaner, s.f.=bhaner,
of a subdivision of the Ahr tribe.
bhanol, bhaer.
H bihasn, v.n.=bihasn, q.v.
H bhaner, = H
bhaneriy, [S. ++], adj.
H bhasn, v.n.=bhasn, q.v.
& s.m. Appertaining to conjuring, fortune-
telling, &c.; conjuring, fortune-telling;a tribe
or caste who are conjurers, fortune-tellers, &c. H or bhanak, bhinak
(they form a subdivision of the tribe called [S. +], s.f. A low or distant sound, hum,
akaut, q.v.); a member of this tribe, conjurer; buzz, ring, din:bhanak pan, v.n. Ring or din
fortune-teller, &c. to be heard, to catch or hear the sound (of).

H bhaneriy, = H S bhinnak, s.m. Separatist,

bhaner, [S. ++], adj. & seceder, heterodox sectary; Buddhist; Jain;
s.m. Appertaining to conjuring, fortune-telling, name of a musical mode.
&c.; conjuring, fortune-telling;a tribe or caste
who are conjurers, fortune-tellers, &c. (they H bhinakn (from bhinak, q.v.),
form a subdivision of the tribe called akaut, v.n. To sound, give forth a ringing sound, to
q.v.); a member of this tribe, conjurer; fortune- ring; to buzz (as a fly), hum (as a bee, &c.); to
teller, &c. be covered with flies, to swarm; to look, or to
be, dirty or filthy; to sit idle, have nothing to do.
S bhanl, adj.=bhanil, q.v.
H bhag [S. ], s.f. Hemp,
H bhanel [S. +], s.m. &c.=bhg, q.v.:bhag-ghon, s.m. The
Jester, buffoon, &c. (=bh, bhr, q.v.); stick with which hemp-leaves are rubbed down
conjurer, fortune-teller, &c. (=bhaneriy, q.v.). to make the beverage called bhag.

H bhanelan, s.f. Wife of a S bhag (rt. ), s.m. Breaking,

bhanel; a woman of the bhanel tribe; splitting, breach, chasm, fissure; defeat,
actress, &c. discomfiture, overthrow, rout; disappointment;
interruption; breach of faith, infringement,
H bhaer, s.f.=bhaer, bhaner, violation; fraud; wave, breaker; the palsy.
bhanol.
H bhag [S. , rt. ], part.
adj. Broken, torn, destroyed; violated,
H bhaer, s.m.=bhaer,
infringed; defeated, discomfited, routed,
bhaneriy, q.v. overthrown; disappointed, frustrated;
interrupted, impeded:bhag karn, v.t. To
H bhansr, s.m. = H break, tear, split, destroy, ruin, mar, spoil; to
bhansr, s.f. Fire-place, &c. infringe, violate; to make null or void, to
invalidate:bhag hon, v.n. To be broken,
(=bhas`; bh). destroyed, &c.

H bhansr, s.f. = H H bhag, bhug [S.

bhansr, s.m. Fire-place, &c. ], s.m. The fork-tailed shrike, Lanius
(=bhas`; bh).

417
crulescens (bhujang); a species of insect; a H bhang [S. + , or ],
kind of wasp.
s.m. A low caste who are scavengers, &c. (said
to be descended from a udra by a Brhman's
H bhig, part. adj.=bhng; bhg; widow); an individual of the bhag caste;
qq.v. scavenger, sweeper (syn. all-or; mehtar).

S bhangn, s.m. A kind of carp, S bhag, s.f. Breaking, fracture,

the Cyprinus banggana. breach, division, separation; tortuous course;
fraud, deception, trick, disguise.
H bhign, v.t.=bhign, q.v.
H bhagiyn, v.n. To be, or
H bhagr, s.m. The shrub bhag- to get, intoxicated on bhang.
rj, q.v.
H bhager [S. +], s.m.
H bhag-rj [S. +], Bhag prepared to be drunk, preparation of the
s.m. A species of shrike, Lanius malabaricus beverage bhang (the word occurs in comp.):
(cf. bhag);the spreading shrub Eclipta bhanger-na, s.m. Shop or place where
prostrata. prepared bhang is sold, place where men
assemble to drink bhang.
H bhaga [S. +?], s.m. One
H bhager (see bhager), s.m. A
who is addicted to drinking bhag, a habitual
drinker of bhag (syn. bhang; bhanger-). maker and vender of the beverage bhag.

H bhag, s.m.=bhangr, H bhager-, s.m.=bhaga,

bhangrj, q.v. bhag.

H bhagan, bhagin (fem. of H bhageran, s.f. The wife of a

bhag), s.f. A woman who is addicted to bhag-seller; a woman who prepares and sells
drinking bhag. bhag.

H bhagan, bhagin (fem. of H bhage, s.m.=bhager, q.v.

bhag), s.f. Woman of the bhag or all-
or caste; wife of a bhag or sweeper; a
female sweeper.
H bhagn, s.f.=bhangn, q.v. hemp).
H bhagel [S. +], s.m.
Coarse hempen cloth; sacking (made of the
fibres of hemp); sack or pannier (made of

H bhagin, s.f.=bhangan, H bhann [S. ], v.n. To

bhangin, q.v. speak.

H bhagoriy, s.m. Name of a H bhunn [S. ], v.n. To be

caste who twist thread, make ropes, &c. changed (money):bhun-jn, v.n.=bhunn.

H bahag [S. ], s.f. A H bhunn (fr. the trans. bhnn,

stick or pole with slings at both ends for q.v.), v.n. To be fried, roasted, grilled, parched;
carrying boxes or baskets, &c. on the to roast or burn (mentally), to be in pain, to
grieve;v.t. To fry, parch, &c.=bhnn, q.v.:
shoulder:bahag-bar-dr, bahag-bar-wl,
bhun-jn, v.n.=bhunn.
s.m. The man who carries baggage, &c. with
the bahag.
H bhunwn, v.t.=bhunn, q.v.
H bhang, s.m. One who is addicted H bhunw`, s.f.=bhun`, q.v.
to drinking bhang (=bhanga).

418
H bahnot [S. +], s.m. H bahnel, bhanel, s.f.
Sister's son, nephew (syn. bhnj). Adopted sister; female friend (among women).

S bhinnodar, s.m. See s.v. S bahu, adj.= bahu, q.v.

bhinna.
H bah [S. ; Prk. ], s.f. Son's
H bihnaur [S. +], s.f. wife, daughter-in-law; wife; bride:bah-be
Seed-plot, nursery (for plants). or beiy, s.f. Wives and daughters; ladies;
gentlewomen.
H bhawar [S. +; Prk. ],
s.m. Revolution, gyration, whirl; whirlpool, S bhava, bhav, and H. bhau, s.m.
eddy, vortex (syn. gird-b); a large black bee, Being, existing; existence, life; birth, origin; the
the humble bee; creeping plant, creeper: place, or the means, of being; the world; time;
bhawar-jl, s.m. (Met.), The world and its acquisition, gain; prosperity, welfare;
snares:bhawar-kal (S. bhramara+kaa+ik), excellence; a god; an epithet of iva, and of
Rudra:bhavrnav (bhava+arnava),
s.f. A turning or movable ring attached to a rope
(for confining an animal or thing); collar or s.m.=bhavmbu (bhava+ambu), bhavmbu-rsi,
halter (for a dog, goat, &c.); a swivel: bhavmbu-nth, s.m. The ocean of life or of
bhawar-gt, s.m.f. The songs which the worldly existence, the world of being, the
cowherdesses of Mathur addressed to the present life, the state of mortals:bhava-
bees:bhawar-me pan, v.n. To whirl bhm, s.f. Woman-kind, woman:bhava-
round, revolve; to get into a whirl, &c. bhanjan, s.f. lit. 'Destroyer of existence'; an
epithet of the goddess Kl:bhava-p, s.m.
H bhawr, s.m. A large black bee, The bow of Siva:bhava-akra, s.m. The
wheel or course of nature; the established order
&c. (=bhawar and bhaur, qq.v.). of created things:bhava-jl, s.m. Concerns of
the world, sublunary cares; the world's
H bhawr, s.f. dim. of bhawr, snares:bhava-rajn, s.f. lit. 'Night or darkness
q.v. of existence'; moral blindness:bhav-sgar,
bhau-sgar, bhava-samudra, bhava-sindhu, s.m.
H bhawag, s.m. Name of a small The ocean of the world or existence, &c.
(=bhavmbu, q.v.):bhava-nin, s.f. lit.
class of Rjpts.
'Destroying worldly existence'; an epithet of the
river Sarju (which flows from the Himalayas
H bahno`, bhino` [S. into the Ghgra, in which it is lost).
+], s.m. Sister's husband, brother-in-
law. S bh, s.f. The earth, world; land,
ground, soil; site, place (syn. bhmi); sacrificial
H bhawer, s.f.=bhabr; fire; (in Geom.), the base of a plane figure:
bhu-bhr, s.m. The burden of the world (as
bhawr, qq.v.
sustained by Vishnu in his incarnate state):
bhu-pl, bh-plak, s.m. lit. 'Earth-guardian';
H bohn, s.f.=bohn, q.v. sovereign, king, prince; landlord:bh-pl,
s.f. Name of a rgin or musical mode:bh-
H bhanejan, s.f. Sister's daughter pa, bhp, s.m.=bh-pl;bh-pa-bimn, s.m.
Carriage of a king;bhpvamn (bh-
(=bhnj).
pa+ava+mna), s.m. Disrespect of a
monarch:bh-pati, s.m.=bh-pl, q.v.:bh-
H bahne`, bhane`, s.m.=bahno`, prishha, s.m. The surface of the earth:bh-
q.v. tal, s.m. The earth, the ground, face of the
earth:bh-jamb, s.f. Wheat; the plant
H bahnel [S. +], Flacourtia sapida, or the fruit of this plant:
Sisterly affection, &c. (=bahnp, q.v.); bh-jantu, s.m. 'Earth-animal'; a kind of snail;
friendship among women:bahnel jon (-se), earth-worm:bh-l, s.f. Motion or course of
To form a friendship (with). the earth; earthquake (=bh-kamp):bh-ar,
adj. & s.m. Moving on land, or on the
ground;any land animal:bh-akra, s.m.
'Earth circle'; the equator or equinoctial line;

419
rotation of the earth:bh-dr, s.m. lit. 'Earth- H bhau, s.f.=bhau; bhmi, qq.v.
tearer'; a hog:bh-dn, s.m. Grant of land, or
of the revenue thereof;bh-dn-patra, s.m.
Deed of a grant of land:bh-dhar, s.m. H bh` (from bh), s.m. Worm;
Mountain; a kind of chemical or medical caterpillar.
apparatus, a sort of sand-bath (in which a
covered crucible is placed, the fire being lighted H bh` [S. +], s.f. Father's
both above and below it):bh-deva, s.m. A sister, paternal aunt (=ph`; b`).
divinity upon earth, a Brhman:bh-ol, s.m.
Earthquake (=bh-l, bh-kamp):bh-run,
H
bah`r, s.m. The fruit Cordia
s.f. A sort of sunflower, Heliotropium indicum:
bh-swm, s.m. Landlord, landholder:bh- myxa = S. bahu-vr, q.v.s.v. bahu (syn. laso).
swarg, s.m. lit. 'Heaven on earth'; an epithet of
the mountain Sumeru:bh-kadamb, s.m. The S bhavrav, s.m. See s.v.
plant Ligustum ajwaen:bh-kshit, s.m. lit. bhava.
'Earth-destroyer'; a hog (=bh-dr):bh-
kamp, s.m. Earthquake (=bh-l; bh-ol): H bhuwl, bh`l,
bh-gol, s.m. lit. 'Earth-ball'; the terrestrial
globe, the earth;bh-gol vidy, s.f. s.m.=bh-pl, q.v.s.v. bh.
Knowledge of the terrestrial globe; the science
of geography;bhgol-k bast vidya, s.f. S bhavmbu, s.m. See s.v.
Physical geography:bh-lat, s.f. Earth- bhava.
worm; worm:bh-lok, s.m. The terrestrial
world, the earth, the habitation of mortals: H bhau`, s.f. (irreg. pl. of bhau,
bh-madhya-stha, adj. Situated in the middle of
the earth, or in the centre of the world;bh- or bhau), Eyebrows.
madhyastha-sgar, s.m. The Mediterranean
sea:bh-manal, s.m. The terrestrial globe, H bahwn (caus. of bahn),
the earth:bh-may, adj. Made, or formed, or v.t.=bahn, q.v.
consisting of earth, produced from the earth,
earthen, earthy, terrene:bh-may, s.f. An H bh`n, v.n. To become sticky,
epithet of hy or Shadow (personified as
&c. (=ubasn):bh`-jn, Idem.
wife of the sun):bh-ng, s.m. A kind of snail
or earth-worm; the serpent which is supposed to
support the earth:bh-nimba, bh-nmb, s.m. S bhavn (fem. of bhava), s.f. An
The plant Gentiana cherayta (com. called epithet of the wife of iva, the goddess Prvat,
iraita):bh-vidy, s.f. The science of Durg, or Dev (in her mild and pacific form:
geology:bh-vrit, s.m. The equator. She is the patroness of hags, and the goddess
of small-pox).
H bhuva, bhuv [S. ], s.m. Heaven,
sky, ether, atmosphere. H bhawy, s.m. Foot-pieces of
a bed, &c.
H bhuvi, s.f. Earth, ground (=bhmi;
prithv);adv. On the ground; in or on the H bhbal, = H
earth. bhbhal, [S. +?], s.m. Hot ashes,
embers.
H bhaw, bhau, s.f. Eyebrow
(=bhau, q.v.):bhawe tnn, bhawe teh H bhbhal, = H
karn, bhawe ahn, v.n. To raise the
bhbal, [S. +?], s.m. Hot ashes,
eyebrow, to knit the brow, to frown.
embers.
H bhau, s.m. Fear (=bhay, q.v.).
H bhobr [S. ], s.f.
Coral.
H bhau, s.m.=bhava, bhav, q.v.
S bh-pa, bhp, s.m. See s.v. bh.
H bhau, s.f. (prov.)=bah, q.v.

420
H bhop [S. or ++], beings'; the tree Belleric myrobalan, Terminalia
bellerica (the nuts of which are used as dice):
s.m. A kind of jog, or faqr, a magician.
bht-vriksh, s.m. lit. 'Demon-tree'; the tree
Trophis aspera; the tree Bignonia indica:
H baht, bhaut, adj.=bahut, q.v. bht-vikriy, s.f. Possession by an evil spirit;
epilepsy:bht-vr, s.m. Name of an ancient
S bhta, vulg. bht, part. & s.m. race of people:bht-ve, s.f. A white
Been, become, produced, formed, being, flowering Vitex negundo:bhtevar
existing, existent; actually being, really (bhta+vara), s.m. Lord of beings; lord of evil
happened, true; right, proper; past, gone, beings, an epithet of iva; name of a town and
former;a created being, child, son, youth; a temple situated between Agra and Etawah, on
great devotee or ascetic; a kind of demigod; a the banks of the Jamn, being one of the sacred
kind of malignant spirit (believed by the Hinds places of the Hinds:bht ho-ke lipan, v.n.
to haunt graveyards, lurk in trees, animate To cling (to one) like a devil or a ghost:bht
carcases, and delude or devour human beings), hon, v.n. To become a devil, to become mad or
evil spirit, demon, ghost, goblin, imp; a vicious furious with rage, be distracted with rage.
or wicked person, a devil; an ugly or hideous-
looking person; an epithet of iva; (in Gram.) S bhti, s.f. State of being,
the preterite tense; (in Philos.) an element (of existence, production, birth; pure and
which, according to the Hinds, there are five, undisturbed existence (free from the influence
viz. earth, water, fire, air, ether); (in Law) the of matter and passion); power, dignity;
real state of the case, the matter of fact:bht- prosperity, wealth; superhuman power as
tm, s.m. lit. 'Composed of the five elements'; attainable by the practice of austerity and
an epithet of the body; the elementary or vital magical rites; ashes; fried meat; plunder, booty;
principle, the proximate cause of life and rut of elephants.
action; an epithet of Brahm and of iva:
bht-ri, s.m. lit. 'Enemy of evil beings'; H bhot, adj. Blunt, &c.=bhoth,
asaftida:bht-l, s.m. 'The refuge of
created beings,' an epithet of the Supreme bhothr, q.v.
Being:bht-vish, adj. & s.m. Possessed by
an evil spirit;one who is possessed, a S bhutri (bhta+ari), s.m. See
maniac:bht-ve, s.m. Possession by an evil s.v. bht.
spirit:bht utrn, v.n. To remove the
influence of an evil spirit (from), to exorcise: S bhautik, adj. Existing; made of
bht bann, v.n. To become a devil, be like a
devil; to be intoxicated: bht-pret, s.m. Ghosts matter; material; appertaining to the corporeal
elements, elemental; appertaining to goblins or
and goblins:bht-ja, s.f. Indian spikenard,
Valeriana jatamansi:bht jaln (-k) = bht- evil spirits:bhautik-srishi, s.f. Creation of
utrn, q.v.:bhut-rj, s.m. The plant beings, corporeal creation:bhautik-mah, s.m.
Ophioglossum flexuosum:bht-srishi, s.f. College of monks, monastery, convent:
Creation or origination of existing things: bhautik-vidy, s.f. Witchcraft, sorcery.
bht-sanr, s.m. Possession by an evil spirit:
bht-k pakwn, s.m. lit. 'Devil's dish'; (met.) H bhtin, bhtn (fem. of
ill-gotten wealth, &c. (soon spent or lost): bht), s.f. Female demon or goblin, &c.=bhutn,
bht-kl, s.m. (in Gram.), Past time, past q.v.
tense:bht-klik, adj. Appertaining to past
time, or to past tense:bht-grast, adj. & s.m. S bhavitavyat, s.f.
Possessed by an evil spirit;a maniac:bht-
Necessity of coming into existence, or of taking
ga, s.m. The aggregate or whole collection of
place; fate, destiny.
beings; the troop or whole class of demons or
spirits:bht-gandh, s.f. A particular
perfume:bhta-ghna, s.m. lit. 'Destroying or S bhavitavya, adj. Necessary
removing evil spirits'; garlic: a camel:bhta- or likely to be, or to occur, ordained by Heaven,
ghn, s.f. Holy basil:bht-nth, s.m. 'Lord of decreed, fated, destined; unavoidable.
beings or spirits'; an epithet of iva:bht-
nan, s.m. lit. 'Destroying evil beings'; the H bhot [S. ; or ], s.f.
marking-nut plant, Semicarpus anacardium; the Labour, toil, work.
berry or seed of the Eleocarpus (used for
rosaries):bht-vrtt, s.f. Conversation about
the past:bht-vs, s.m. lit. 'Abode of evil

421
H bhothr (bhot+hr = S. S bhojanya, adj.=bhojya, q.v.
kra), s.m. Labourer.
H bhj, s.f. Fried pot-
H bh, s.f. Land that does not retain herbs=bhujiy, q.v.
water (cf. bh).
H bhauj, s.f.=bhauj`, q.v.
S bho, s.m. The country of Bhon;
cloth or clothing from the Bho country. S bhojy, part. adj. & s.m.
Suitable or fit to be eaten, eatable, edible;
S bhont, vulg. bhoant, = S anything eatable or enjoyable, food:bhojya-
bhong s.m. The country of bastu, s.m. Anything eatable, food.
Bhon (=bho).
H bhauak, adj.=bhaak, bhiak,
S bhong = S bhaak, q.v.
bhont, vulg.bhoant, s.m. The country of
H bhd, s.m. Light, sandy soil (cf.
Bhon (=bho).
bh).
H bhoiy, s.m. A native of Bho.
H bhoal, s.m.=bhoal, q.v.
H bhoj [S. or ], s.m.
H bhr, s.f. Spring, fountain,
Eating, enjoying, feasting; meal; feast, banquet.
&c.=bhurk, q.v.
S bhoj (rt. bhuj), s.m. Name of the
H bhr [S. ] , s.f. Charity,
country of Patna and Bhgalpur; name of a
celebrated sovereign of Malwa (supposed to almsgiving, alms; (=br);bhr bn, v.t. To
have flourished about the end of the tenth give alms to a crowd of poor people.
century or beginning of the eleventh, and to
have been a great patron of learning);a S bhr (orig. bhs, nom. sing. of bh),
cowherd:bhoj-pur, bhoj-ka, s.m.=bhoj (the adv. A mystical word (the first of the three
country);bhoj-pur, adj. & s.m. Appertaining Vyhritis, viz. bhr, bhuvas, svar, uttered by
to Bhojpur;an inhabitant of Bhojpur;s.f. every Brhman in commencing his daily
The dialect of Hind spoken in Bhojpur. prayers);s.f. The lowest of the seven worlds,
the earth:bhr-lok, s.m. The earth.
H bhoj [S. ] , s.m. A species of
birch:bhoj-patra, bhoj-pattar, s.m. The leaf S bhri, and H. bhr, adj. & adv.
and the bark of the bhoj tree (used for writing Much, many, numerous, abundant;much,
on, and also in making tubes and pipes for the abundantly, exceedingly, often, frequently,
uqqa). repeatedly;s.m. An epithet of Brahm; of
Vishnu; of iva; gold; day:bhri-dhman,
H bhauj`, bhoj`, adj. Possessing great splendour, splendid,
bright, illustrious:bhri-lbh, adj. & s.m.
vulg. bha`uj` [S. + ], s.f. Brother's
Having much profit, very profitable;great
wife (=bhwaj). gain.

S bhojan (rt. ), s m. Enjoying, H bahori, adv.=bahuri, q.v.

eating; food, victuals, dish of food, meal:
bhojan-atur, s.m. Skilful judge of food:
H bhor [S. ], s.f. Break of day,
bhojan-, bhojan-l, s.f. Dining-room:
bhojan-ar, s.m. Table expenses:bhojan dawn, daylight, early morning:bhor karn or
karn, v.n. To eat, partake of food, take a meal: kar-den, v.t. To let daylight into (one), give
to give food (to, -k), to feed, give as food. (one) a good beating:bhor-ko, adv. At day-
break, at dawn, in the morning:bhor hon,
v.n. To be morn; to be finished or terminated; to
H bhjn, s.m.=bhujn, q.v. be in distress, to suffer much, be in trouble.

422
H bhaur, s.m. (prov.)=bhawar, q.v. H baho, s.m. Food sent by the
bride's family for the bridegroom and his
H bahor, s.m.=bohr, q.v. friends when the bride is about to leave home,
or along with the marriage procession; the
ceremony of the bride's dismissal with her
H bhawr, bhaur, s.m.=bhaur, husband.
q.v. H bh, s.m. Sand; dust; powder.
H bhar, s.f.=bhuar, q.v.
H bhr [S. +], adj. (f. -),
Brown; auburn (hair). H bhal, bhoal, s.m. Talc,
mica (=bhoal).
H bhr, s.m.=baho, q.v. S bhuvas, vulg. bhuva, s.m. Heaven,
sky, ether, atmosphere (the word forms part of
H bhr, s.m. Land belonging to a the mystical triverbial
village furthest from the inhabitants. phrase, bhr, bhuvas, swar, uttered by
Brhmas in commencing their daily prayers).
H bhor, adj. (f. -) = bhol, q.v. H bhs, s.m.=bhus; bhs, qq.v.
H bhs, s.m. Chaff or husk of corn,
H bhaurl, adj. (f. -) = &c.=bhus, q.v.
bhaurl, q.v. H bhos, s.m.=bhos, q.v.
H bhswan, s.m.=bhuswan,
S bhrj, s.m. A species of birch (see q.v.
bhoj). H bhsur, s.m. Epithet of a
Brhma.
H bhrs, s.f. Alms, &c.=bhr,
H bhsr, s.m.=bhusr, q.v.
q.v.
H bhos, s.m. =
S bhri, s.f. The earth; desert; H bhos, s.f. [S. ; cf. ],
sandy soil. (Low), Vulva valde magna;bhos, s.f. A term
of abuse contemptuously applied to a woman.
H bahorn, v.t.=bahurn, and H bhos, s.f. =
bahurn; qq.v. H bhos, s.m. [S. ; cf. ],
(Low), Vulva valde magna;bhos, s.f. A term
H bahoro (from bahorn = of abuse contemptuously applied to a woman.
bahurn, q.v.), s.m. The sloping pathway for H bhsn, v.n. To
bullocks drawing water from a well (by which
they return to the well). bark=bhsna; bhaukn.
H bhsaur, s.f. =
H bahori, s.f. Decking oneself H bhsaul, s.m. =
(like a bride, bah), &c.=ban`o, q.v. H bhsehr,
s.m. Prop. bhusaur, bhusaul, bhusehr, qq.v.
H bahor, adv.=bahuri, q.v.
H bhsaul, s.m. =

H bhr, s.f. Light, sandy soil=bh, H bhsaur, s.f. =

q.v. H bhsehr,
s.m. Prop. bhusaur, bhusaul, bhusehr, qq.v.
H bhor, adj. & s.f.=bhol, q.v. H bhsehr, s.m. =
H bhsaur, s.f. =
H bh [S. ; or ; rt. ], s.f.
H bhsaul,
Sandy ground, porous soil; soil of the fourth
s.m. Prop. bhusaur, bhusaul, bhusehr, qq.v.
quality (containing about seven tenths of sand,
and the rest of clay). H bhs (from bhus, q.v.), s.f. Bran;
chaff.

423
S bhshit, part. Adorned, H bhokn, v.t.=bhokn, q.v.
decorated, embellished, ornamented, H bhkh [S. , desid. of rt. ],
bejewelled, dressed.
s.f. Desire of eating, appetite, hunger; desire of
S bhsha, s.m. An adorning or enjoying anything, craving (for, -k):bhkh-
decorating; ornament, decoration, piys, s.f. Hunger and thirst; desire for food,
embellishment, jewels, dress. appetite;bhkh-piys mrn (-k), To repress
S bhavishyat, = (one's) appetite; to mortify (oneself):bhkh
lagn (-ko), To feel hunger, be hungry, have an
S bhavishya, adj. & s.m. Future; appetite:bhkh-mu`, s.m. Famished or
what has yet to be, what will be, the future: starving person, starveling; greedy person:
bhavishyat-kl, bhavishya-kl, s.m. Time to bhkh marn, v.n. Hunger or appetite to pass
come, futurity; (in Gram.) the future tense: away.
bhavishyat-klik, bhavishya-klk, adj. H bhkh [S. ], adj. (f. -), &
Appertaining to future time, or to a future
s.m. Hungered, hungry, famished, starving,
tense:bhavishyat-vakt, bhavishyad-
pinched with hunger; greedy, ravenous;
vakt, bhavishyad-vd, adj. & s.m. Speaking of
desirous (of), craving (for); poor, indigent,
the future, predicting, prophesying;predicter,
destitute;hungry or starving person; poor
prophet:bhavishyad-vkya, s.m.bhavishyad-
man; beggar:bhkh marn, bhkhe
v, s.f. Prediction, prophecy:bhavishya-
marn, bkhon marn, v.n. To be in a
mn, adj. Of or pertaining to the future:
famishing state, to famish, die of hunger, starve
bhavishya-v, s.f. Voice of the future, to death.
prediction, prophecy.
H bhkha, s.m.=bhsha.
S bhavishya, =
H bhokhn, v.n.=bhaukna, q.v.
S bhavishyat, adj. & s.m.
Future; what has yet to be, what will be, the S bhog (rt. ), s.m. Enjoyment,
future:bhavishyat-kl, bhavishya-kl, s.m. fruition; eating; use, application; usufruct, use
Time to come, futurity; (in Gram.) the future of a deposit; utility, advantage, profitable aim
tense:bhavishyat-klik, bhavishya-klk, adj. or object; possessing, possession; cherishing,
Appertaining to future time, or to a future nourishing, protecting; suffering, experiencing;
tense:bhavishyat-vakt, bhavishyad- enduring, feeling, perception (of joy or sorrow),
vakt, bhavishyad-vd, adj. & s.m. Speaking of pleasure, satisfaction, gratification; suffering,
the future, predicting, prophesying;predicter, passion; requital; abuse, rudeness, insult; any
prophet:bhavishyad-vkya, s.m.bhavishyad- object of enjoyment, that which is eaten, food,
v, s.f. Prediction, prophecy:bhavishya- victuals, repast; sexual enjoyment, carnal
mn, adj. Of or pertaining to the future: intercourse; dressed food offered to an idol;
bhavishya-v, s.f. Voice of the future, morning hymns, matins;gain, profit, produce;
prediction, prophecy. money, wealth; hire, hire of dancing-girls or
courtezans; (in Arith.) numerator of a
S bhk, s.m. Hole, cavity, chasm;
fraction:bhogdhikr (bhoga+adhikra), s.m.
source of a stream, head of a fountain; Possession of the usufruct of mortgaged or
darkness; time. pledged property;bhog-dhikr, s.m.
H bhk, s.f.=bhkh, q.v. Possessor of the usufruct of mortgaged or
H bhk, adj.=bhkh, q.v. pledged property:bhog-bils (bhoga+vilsa),
s.m. Luxurious living; sensual pleasure,
S bhokt, s.m. Enjoyer, eater, feeder; amorous enjoyment, sexual intercourse;bhog-
good liver; epicure; agent in fruition; one who bils, s.m. One who is addicted to
employs or makes use of; one who feels or luxuriousness, or to sensual pleasure,
experiences (joy, sorrow, &c.); possessor, lord, voluptuary:bhog-bandhak, s.m. Mortgage
ruler; husband; the soul. with possession of the property by the
H bhka, adj. Dialect. form mortgagee and of the usufruct thereof; bond
granting the use of a pledged article:bhog-
of bhkh, q.v.
pati, s.m. Person in actual possession of
H bhokas, s.m.=bhokas, q.v. anything; possessor; lord, governor:bhog-
H bhkan, s.m.=bhkhan; bhsha, dr, s.m. Possessor or enjoyer of any
property:bhog den, bhog sunn, v.t. To
q.v.
abuse, vilify:bhog-kar, adj. & s.m. Producing
H bhkn, bhokn, or affording enjoyment; procuring food or
v.n.=bhaukn, q.v. pleasure;one who affords enjoyment:bhog

424
karn, v.t. To experience, suffer, undergo; to H bhogiy, bhogy, s.m.
enjoy; to be requited for; to have or enjoy
Voluptuary, &c. =bhog, q.v.
sexual intercourse with:bhog lagn or lag-
den or laga-len, v.t. To eat, partake of food; S bhogya, part. adj. & s.m.
to place food before (one); to offer food to an Enjoyable, to be enjoyed, to be used; to be
idol:bhog-vat (fem. of next), s.f. A woman endured or experienced;what may be
who yields enjoyment:bhog-vant, adj. & s.m. enjoyed, anything that may be possessed or
Furnished with enjoyment, yielding enjoyment, used, an object of fruition, possession, wealth.
delightful, pleasurable, enjoyable;one who H bhl (v.n. fr. bhln, q.v.), s.f.
yields enjoyment. Forgetfulness, oversight, neglect, negligence,
S bhog, s.m. Snake; expanded hood omission, failure, miss; slip, mistake, error,
of a snake; the body; particular array of troops, blunder, fault:bhl-bhulaiy, s.f. Maze,
army in column:bhog-vat (fem. of next), s.f. labyrinth:bhl-k, s.f.=bhl.
Name of the capital of the serpent race; name of
the Ganges of the lower regions:bhog-vant, H bhl (perf. part. of bhln), part.
adj. & s.m. Furnished with windings or
adj. Forgetful; erring; lost, astray (used chiefly
curves;a snake.
in comp.):bhl-bisr, bhl-bhak, bhl-
H bhog, s.m. Deception, imposition, k, adj. adv. & s.m. Losing or missing the
illusion, deceit, fraud, trick, treachery, roguery, road, wandering, led astray, astray; calling
cheating. casually, or in consequence of an accident (on
H bhog-vat, s.f.=bhog-vat, another);by or through forgetfulness, or
q.v.s.v. bhog. neglect; &c.;a casual or chance visitor, one
who calls in consequence of some accident, &c.
H bhogt, s.m.=bhokta; bhog, (not intentionally):bhl-et, s.m. A
qq.v. forgetful or bad memory.
H bhgal, s.m.=bhbhal, q.v.
H bhogan, s.m. Enjoying, &c. H bhol [S. +; or prob. Prk.
(see bhogn):bhogan-bandhak, s.m.=bhog- ; S. +], adj. (f. -), Natural,
bandhak, q.v.s.v. bhog. simple, artless, undesigning, guileless,
H bhogn (from bhog), v.t. To harmless, innocent, simple-minded; silly, stupid
enjoy; to experience, suffer, undergo; to be (cf. S. bhela);an epithet of iva:bhol-nth,
requited for, to taste; to endure, bear, put up s.m. An epithet of iva:bhol, s.f. Simple or
with; to take or receive pleasure or pain with artless woman or girl; silly woman:bhol
indifference, to live stoically. bte, s.f. Simple or guileless speech; innocent
prattle:bhol rat, s.f. Simple or innocent
S bhogin (fem. of bhog), s.f.
face.
Female enjoyer; royal concubine.
H bhogotra [S. +?], s.m. H bhol-pan, s.m. Simplicity,
Grant of revenue for the use or enjoyment of an artlessness, undesigningness, guilelessness,
individual (especially of a Brhma or religious innocence; silliness, stupidity.
person).
S bh-gol, s.m. See s.v. bh. H bhln, v.t.=bhuln, q.v.
H bhoghiy, s.f. A small basket
in which the sower carries his seed. H bhln, or (dialec.)
S bhog, adj. & s.m. Enjoying; bholn [bhl or bhol = Prk. (), fr.
using, possessing; suffering, experiencing; full
===S. p.p.p. of rt. ], v.n.
of enjoyments; devoted to enjoyments, jovial,
jolly; indulging in sensual pleasures;one who To be forgotten; to be led away, be misled, be
enjoys or possesses (a thing, &c.), one who deceived (by, -par); to forget, err, go astray,
makes mere pleasure a pursuit, man of pleasure, stray, mistake, err, go wrong, blunder;v.t. To
one given up to carnal pleasures, voluptuary, forget; to overlook, omit, miss:bhl-jn,
rake, debauchee;king, prince; head-man of a v.n.=bhln.
village; barber.
S bhog, adj. & s.m. Having H bhol, s.f. See s.v. bhol.
windings or curves, curved;a snake.

425
H bhole-pan, s.m.=bholpan,
q.v. H bhmiyal [S. +],
s.m. Native land, home (com. janam-bhm).
S bhmi, & H. bhm, s.f. The
earth, the world; earth, ground, soil, land, H bhmiywat, s.f.
region, country (see bh); place, site; estate, Ransacking, plundering, reducing to dust and
domain; room; receptacle (as of confidence, ashes, laying waste. (The word points to a
&c.); (in Geom.) base of a triangle, or other verbal form bhmiyn, from bhmi).
figure; (in Astron.) the symbol for one:bhm
bh`, s.m. One who is invested by a proprietor H bhmiyvat, s.m. One
with a portion of land which he must not
who lays waste, plunderer, ravager; insurgent or
dispose of:bhm-tale, adj. Underground,
rebel chief.
subterranean:bhmi-ja, adj. & s.m. Born of,
or on, the earth, earth-born; sprung from the
ground; name of a low caste of Hinds; the S bhomr, s.f. Coral.
planet Mars; hell:bhmi-j, s.f. An epithet of
St:bhm-ampak, s.m. The plant S bhavan, s.m. Being, production,
Kmpferia rotunda; a kind of firework like the birth, nature; place of being or abiding, abode,
flower of that plant:bhmi-dr, s.m. Land- habitation, dwelling, house, mansion; temple;
holder, headman or chief:bhmi-dh, adj. site, spot; field; the various celestial paradises.
Burnt or reduced to earth (a corpse:For other
compounds, such as bhmi-pl, bhmi-jambu,
bhmi-l, &c., see under the synonymous S bhuvan, s.m. Being, animated
word bh). being, living creature; man, mankind; the
world; heaven; earth; water; one of the three
S bhaum, adj. & s.m. Pertaining to mundane regions (viz. earth, sky, or the
intervening space):bhuvan-mohin, s.f.
the earth, or the ground, terrestrial:the planet 'Enchantress of mankind'; an epithet of My: a
Mars; hell; ambergris:bhaum-wr, s.m. charming or fascinating woman
'Mars'-day,' Tuesday (=mangal).
H bh, bho, bhau,
H bhomp, s.m.=bhop, q.v.
s.f.=bhmi, q.v.:bh-bh`, s.m.=bhm-
bh`, q.v.s.v. bhmi:bh-l, bhau-l,
S bhmik, s.m.=bhmiy, q.v. bh-ol, s.m. Earthquake (=bh-l, bhmi-
l, &c. qq.v.):bh-amp, s.m.=bhm-
S bhmik, s.f. Preface (to a ampak, q.v.s.v. bhmi:bh-dar, bh-ar,
book), introduction. s.f. A small patch of cultivation allotted rent
free to village servants:bh-g`, bh-ga`,
H bhm, s.f.=bhmi, bhm, q.v. s.f. A kind of tax on forest produce:bho-
ghar (S. bhmi+griha), s.m. Underground
chamber, vault, cellar, cavern.
S bhaum, adj. f. (see bhaum),
Earthly, &c.; an epithet of St. H bho, bhau (onomat.; or from
S. ), s.f. Sound of a wind instrument; deep,
H bhmiy, bhmy, = H
bass sound (as of the lowing of a cow, or the
bhmiy, bhmy, [S. ], s.m. bark of a dog, &c.):bhau-bhau karn, v.n.
Proprietor of the soil, landlord; an inhabitant To bark (=bhauk-n), &c.
long settled; village god or divinity; (in Myth.),
An old snake with hair and whiskers: H bhau, bho [S. ], s.f. The
bhmiy-pati, s.m.=bhmiy.
eyebrow:bhau tnn, bhaun eh karn,
bhau ahn, v.n. To raise the eyebrows, knit
H bhmiy, bhmy, = H
the brow, to frown, to scowl; to browbeat (syn.
bhmiy, bhmy, [S. ], bhawe tnn, &c., q.v.s.v. bhaw, bhau).
s.m. Proprietor of the soil, landlord; an
inhabitant long settled; village god or divinity;
(in Myth.), An old snake with hair and
whiskers:bhmiy-pati, s.m.=bhmiy.

426
H bhn (perf. part. of bhnn), part. obtuse; weak, feeble; inferior, of less worth
(=bhutr).
adj. (f. -), Roasted, broiled, grilled, parched:
bhne geh, s.m. Parched grains of wheat.
H
bhj, s.m. Parcher of
H bhnn, v.t. See bhnn. grain=bha-bhj, q.v.

H bhau-akk, adj.=bhay-
H bhaun or bhawn [S.
ak; bhiak or bhaak, qq.v.
, rt. ; Prk. or ], v.n.
To revolve, to whirl (=bhamn, bh`on). H bhod [S.
], adj. & s.m.
Mild, meek, soft, simple, artless, innocent; silly,
H bhauns, s.m. Large, strong stupid, loutish;a soft, a booby, noodle, lout,
post for chaining an elephant to. green-horn, stupid fellow (syn. modh).

H bhava-nin, and H. H bho, s.m. A dung-beetle

bhau-nin, s.f. See s.v. bhava, bhav. (=bho, bhau, q.v.).

H bhop, bhaup, = H H bho, bh, = H

bhop, bhaup, = H bho, bh, [S. +], adj. (f. -),
bhop, bhaup, (see bho), s.m. A kind Forbidding, monstrous, ugly, frightful, uncouth,
of wind instrument; a horn; (syn. narsingh. ill-shaped, deformed, unsightly; bad, unlucky,
inauspicious:bh-pair, adj. Of unlucky
footsteps; unlucky, ill-omened.
H bhop, bhaup, = H
bhop, bhaup, = H H bho, bh, = H
bhop, bhaup, (see bho), s.m. A kind bho, bh, [S. +], adj. (f. -
of wind instrument; a horn; (syn. narsingh. ), Forbidding, monstrous, ugly, frightful,
uncouth, ill-shaped, deformed, unsightly; bad,
H bhop, bhaup, = H unlucky, inauspicious:bh-pair, adj. Of
bhop, bhaup, = H unlucky footsteps; unlucky, ill-omened.

bhop, bhaup, (see bho), s.m. A kind H baho, bahau, s.m.

of wind instrument; a horn; (syn. narsingh. Land given rent-free to the watchman
(aukdr) of a village (cf. bhar).
H bhavant [S. ], Honorific or
respectful pron. masc.; your honour, your H bh-ar, s.f. See s.v. bh.
highness, your worship, you (used
respectfully);his honour. his highness, &c.
H bhiy, s.m. One who
H bhoth, = H cultivates with a borrowed plough or hand
instrument.
bhothr, = H bho, [S. +;
cf. thotr], adj. (f. -), Blunt, dull, obtuse; weak, H bhaur, s.m. A whirlpool,
feeble; inferior, of less worth (=bhutr).
&c.=bhawar, q.v.:bhaur-kal,
s.f.=bhawar-kal, q.v.
H bhothr, = H
bhoth, = H bho, [S. +; H bhaur, bhor [S. ; Prk.
cf. thotr], adj. (f. -), Blunt, dull, obtuse; weak, ; Ap. Prk. ], s.m. Whirlpool, &c.
feeble; inferior, of less worth (=bhutr).
(=bhawar, q.v.); a dilemma; a top; a large
black bee (said to be enamoured of the lotus); a
H bho, = H black beetle, dung-beetle.
bhoth, = H bhothr, [S.
+; cf. thotr], adj. (f. -), Blunt, dull,

427
H bhaur [S. +; H bhok, adj. Very large and
+], s.m. Underground chamber, vault, fat.
cellar, cavern; cell, dungeon.
H bhokas [S. , from
H bhaurl [S. +], , rt. ], s.m. A wizard who preys upon
adj. (f. -), Black as a bee (bhaur), or as a human beings till he brings them to the grave;
beetle. wizard, sorcerer, magician.

H bhaur [S. +], s.f. A H bhokn, bhkn (see

bee (=bhaur); revolution, &c. (=bhwr, bhok), v.t. To thrust, drive in, pierce, prick,
q.v.); lock of hair or curl hanging down on the stab, stick; to make big holes in sewing, sew
forehead, feathered hair; name of a defect in badly.
horses;bread cooked or baked on embers.
H
bhkn, bhaukn
H bhauriyn (fr. bhaur), [bhk = Prk. () = S. (), future
v.n. To turn, whirl, revolve (=bhamn,
bh`on). of rt. ], v.n. To bark (as a dog); to talk
nonsensically or foolishly.
H bhs, = H bhs,
s.m. Chaff, &c.=bhus; bhs; qq.v.:bhs- H bhu`ang,
bhuwag, s.m.
jins, s.m. All kinds of grain in husk. Snake=bhujang, q.v.

H bhs, = H bhs, H bhnn [bh = Prk. (), or

s.m. Chaff, &c.=bhus; bhs; qq.v.:bhs- (), fr. S. p.p.p. of rt. ], v.t. To
jins, s.m. All kinds of grain in husk. roast, broil, fry, parch, scorch, burn; to
consume, annihilate:bhn-den, bhn-ln,
H bhsn, bhausn v.t. Intens. of, and=bhnn.
(caus. of bhsn, &c.), v.t. To make (a dog)
bark. H bhauh, bhoh, s.f.
Eyebrows=bhau, q.v.
H
bhsn, bhausn [S.
], v.n. To bark (=bhaukn). H bh-hr [S. +], s.m.
Name of an agricultural tribe of Hinds, or
H bhs, s.f.=bhs, q.v. bastard Brhmans, concerning whose origin
many curious legends are current.

H bhok, = H bhok, H bh-har, s.m.=bho-ghar,

[S. , rt. ], s.m. Prick, thrust, stab, q.v.s.v. bh.
stick:bhok-bhok, s.f. Stabbing and
thrusting. bihn [S. 'without,'
H
'outer'+], adj. Left, abandoned; apart;
H bhok, = H bhok,
foreign, strange.
[S. , rt. ], s.m. Prick, thrust, stab,
stick:bhok-bhok, s.f. Stabbing and H bhiy, bhy,
thrusting. s.m.=bhmiy, q.v.

H bhauk [S. ], s.f. Barking, H bhyr, s.m.=bh-har;

bark (of a dog). bho-ghar.

H bhaukn (caus. of H bh` [Ap. Prk. , Prk.

bhaukn), v.t. To cause (a dog) to bark.
; S. ], s.f.=bh, bhmi, qq.v.:

428
bh`in-hr, s.m. Country-people; also=bh- H bhavya, adj. & s.m. Likely or
hr, q.v. necessary to be or to occur; proper, fit, right,
true; well-bred, polite; prosperous, happy;
S bhuvah, s.m.=bhuvas; bhuva, qq.v. existence, being; result, consequence, fruit.

H bh`, bho`, s.m. Chair- S bhya, adv. Further, more, again;

porter, plk-bearer, bearer (com. called 'boy' by repeatedly; afterwards.
Europeans); the head of a Gou village;a
white cat. H bhahrn, v.n. To shiver,
shake, tremble, totter, stagger (syn.
H bhavaiy [S. +], s.m. thartharn).
Dancer; story-teller.
H bhaho, s.f. Younger brother's wife,
H bhavyat, adj.=bhavishyat, q.v. sister-in-law (cf. bah).

H bhyan, s.m. Holding by military H bah [S. ], s.f. Book of daily

service; chief, headman of a Gon village accounts, inerchant's or banker's book, ledger,
(=bho`). register, diary, journal; book (not stitched at the
sides but at the ends):bah-roznma, s.f.
H bh`, bhu`, s.f.=bh; Daily account book:bah-kht, bah-khasr
(S. vriddhi-kshata), s.f. Account books; ledger;
bhmi; qq.v.; a kind of caterpillar covered with set of books kept by merchants or bankers:
hair, the palmer worm (syn. bhunl):bh` bah-me ahn, v.t. To enter in the ledger,
wl, s.m. The plant Phyllanthus niruri: place to account, bring on the books, to debit or
bh` dagdh, s.m. Gifts at marriages and credit:bah-yd-dsht, s.f. Memorandum-
funerals (so called from the ceremony of book, note-book.
burning earth, which is done previous to the
presentation):bh`-ml, s.m. Name of a P bih, s.f. Quince; (also, in India) guava;
low caste of Hinds engaged in the vilest bih-dna, s.m. Quince-seed.
offices:bh`-hr, s.m.=bh-hr, q.v.:
bh`-hr, s.f. Land let at a low rent to P bih (from bih, 'good'), s.f. Goodness; the
military retainers. (N.B. Compounds not being well or better; welfare.
entered here, such as bh`-amp, bh`-ol,
&c., will be found under the words bh, bh, H bh [S. ], conj. Also, too, even,
or bhmi).
and, with; yet, still, besides, likewise, moreover,
furthermore;soever (in comp. e.g. kuh-bh,
H bhoyin, = H Whatsoever, whatever:ko`-bh, Whosoever).
bhoyin, s.f. The wife of a bho`, &c. (see
bho`). S bhay, vulg. bha`e and bhai (rt.
), s.m. Fear, apprehension, alarm, terror,
H bhoyin, = H
dread (of, -se); danger:bhay-tur, bhay-rta,
bhoyin, s.f. The wife of a bho`, &c. (see bho`).
bhay-visha, bhay-bhta, bhay-mn, bhay-yukt,
adj. Distressed or distracted with fear,
S bhyo-bhya, adv. Again frightened, alarmed, terrified; afraid, timid:
and again, repeatedly. bhay-bhanjan, s.m. Dispersion or dissipation of
fear;adj. Fear-destroying, fear-dispelling:
S bhavyat, s.f. = S bhay-da, bhay-darak, bhay-dar, adj.
bhavyatva, s.m. Good breeding, politeness, Imparting or occasioning fear, alarming, fearful,
civility, courtesy. frightful, terrifying, formidable:bhay
dikhn, bhay den, v.t. To instil fear (into, -
ko), to frighten, put in dread or terror, to terrify,
S bhavyatva, s.m. = S scare; to intimidate, threaten, menace:bhay-
bhavyat, s.f. Good breeding, sthn, s.m. Place of fear or of danger; seat of, or
politeness, civility, courtesy. part exposed to, peril or hurt:bhay-krak, adj.
Causing fear, fearful, frightful, terrifying:
bhay-kampit, part. adj. Shaken with fear,

429
terrified:bhay karn, bhay khn (-se), To be H bhay-awan, = S
afraid (of), be in dread or terror (of):bhay
hon, v.n. To have fear, to be afraid, be bhaynak, = H bhay-wan, = H
apprehensive. bhay-wah, adj. Frightful, fearful,
alarming, terrible, awful, dreadful; formidable;
H bha` (Braj.), fem. of bhay, horrible; dangerous; dismal, solitary, lonesome,
and=hu`, fem. of hu`. desolate.

H bhai, s.m.=bh`, q.v.; cf. also bhaiy. H bhay-wan, = S

bhaynak, = H bhay-
H bahy [fr. S. ], s.m. Flood, awan, = H bhay-wah, adj.
torrent, inundation (syn. bah`o, tugyn). Frightful, fearful, alarming, terrible, awful,
dreadful; formidable; horrible; dangerous;
H bhay [S. , rt. ] (Braj.), dismal, solitary, lonesome, desolate.
perf. part. & past tense, Came to be, became,
took place, occurred (=hu`, from hon: fem. H bhay-wah, = S
bha`; pl. m. bha`e).
bhaynak, = H bhay-awan, = H
S bhiy, s.f. Fear, apprehension, bhay-wan, adj. Frightful,
dread (=bhay). fearful, alarming, terrible, awful, dreadful;
formidable; horrible; dangerous; dismal,
solitary, lonesome, desolate.
H bhaiy, bha`y, s.m. Brother;
H bhti, bht [S. ], s.f.
comrade (=bh`, q.v. for compounds, &c.).
Wall; breadth of a wall; embankment; vestige
of an old house.
H bhaiy-p, bha`yp, bhayp =
H bhaiypat, S bhta, bht, part. adj. Frightened;
bha`ypat,bhaypat s.m. Brotherhood; fearful, timid, afraid.
brotherly affection; friendship, &c. (=bh`-
r, q.v.).
S bhti, s.f. Fear, apprehension,
alarm; trembling.
H bhaiypat, bha`ypat,
bhaypat = H bhaiy-p, S bhet, s.m. One who causes
bha`yp,bhayp s.m. Brotherhood; brotherly division, one who sows dissension; seditious or
affection; friendship, &c. (=bh`-r, q.v.). factious person; traitor.

S bhaytur (ya+t), adj. See s.v. H bhait, s.m. Stunted crop.

bhay.
H bhtar [S. ], adv. &
H bahiyr [S. +], s.m.
postposn. Interior, in, into, in the space (of, -
Lands lying at a distance from the village. ke), inside, within:bhtar n, v.n. To come
in, to enter:bhtar-bhir, bhtar-bhir, adv.
H bhysn, v.t. To study, Half in half out:bhtar-se, adv. From within;
&c.=abhysn; see abhys. internally:bhtar-wl, s.m. (f. -), Inmate:
bhtr hon, v.n. To be inside or within; to be
S bhaynak, = H in, be contained, included, or comprehended.

bhay-awan, = H bhay-wan, = S bhetri, s.m.=bhet, q.v.

H bhay-wah, adj. Frightful,
fearful, alarming, terrible, awful, dreadful;
formidable; horrible; dangerous; dismal,
solitary, lonesome, desolate.
H bhtar, bhtr, adj. Interior,
internal, inward, inner, inside; hidden, secret:
bhtar-l, s.f. (Physics), Endosmose:bhtar-
ko, s.m. Interior angle:bhtar mr, s.f.
Internal injury or hurt.

430
 H bhe [S. +], s.f.=bhe,
? bhtariy, bhtary, s.m.f. The q.v.
people who live in a house or family (opp. to
bhariy, 'outsiders'), inmates; domestic; one H bhe, s.f. Present made to a
admitted to the inner apartments of a house;
superior on the occasion of an interview (=bhe,
guest at a marriage feast (who eats in company
q.v.).
with the relations of the bride);one who
betrays a secret.
H bhej [S. ], s.f. Proportionate
H bahet, bahetu (from bahn), share; instalment; rent of land, ground-rent:
bhej-barr, s.m. A kind of complex tenure.
s.m. Wanderer, vagrant, vagabond.
H bhj (perf. part. of bhjn), part.
H bhtaur [S. ++],
adj. Moistened, wet, steeped, soaked; moist,
s.m. Ground rent paid for the site of a house (by
damp.
a stranger).
H bhej (perf. part. of bhejn), s.m.
H bh, s.f.=bht, q.v.
One who is sent, messenger, emissary,
envoy:bhej-hu`, s.m. Idem.
H bhe (see bhen), s.f. Touch,
contact; meeting, interview, visit; present (to a H bhej [S. , or ], s.m.
superior; syn. nar), offerings; sacrifice; hymn
The brain:bhej khn (-k), lit. 'To eat the
(in praise of a god or goddess); bribe,
brain (of)'; to annoy or tease exceedingly, to
douceur:bhe-bakr, s.m. Complimentary
worry to death:bheje-k kohr, s.f. The dorsal
presentation of a goat to a superior; sacrifice of
chamber of the head.
a goat:bhe-patra, s.m. Deed of gift on the
occasion of the bhe-bakr:bhe ahn,
H bhjn [bhj = Prk.
bhe den, bhe karn, v.t. To offer, present; to
sacrifice:bhe-mulqt, s.f. Meeting, ()=S. (), pass. of rt.
interview:bhe hon or ho-jn (-se), To meet + ], v.n. To be wet (i.q. bhg).
(with), have an interview (with), to encounter;
to be sacrificed, to fall a victim (to, -k).
H bhjn [bhj = Prk.
H bh (see bh, bht), s.m. Old ()=S. (), pass. of rt. ;or Prk.
house, former residence (provided some vestige ()=S. ( ), pass. of rt.
remains).
+], v.n. To be afflicted; to be affected
H bhe [S. ], s.m. The fruit (with grief).
of the egg-plant, the brinjal.
H bhejn [bhej = Prk.
H bhean, s.m. The act of meeting, ()=S. (), pass. (used
&c. see bhe. actively) of rt. + ], v.t. To send,
despatch, transmit; to bestow, grant, give; to
H bhen [bhe = Prk. utter, ejaculate:bhej-den, v.t.=bhejn.
()=S. (), rt. +], v.t.
To meet, come in contact (with), to embrace, to H bhejwn (caus. of bhejn),
come across, encounter, come up to; to visit; to v.t.=bhijwn, q.v.
join company; to make a present to a superior
(see bhe hon). H bh (see bhin), s.f. Squeezing,
pressing; pressure, compression; narrowness;
H bhe [S. +], s.m. Stalk, stinginess, close-fistedness, niggardliness:
stem. bh karn (-me), To practise niggardliness,
&c. (in respect of), to grudge, stint; to hold
H bh, s.f.=bht, q.v. back.

431
H bhayak, bhaiak [S. H bhediy [S. +], s.m.
+], adj. Astonished, astounded, Scout, &c.=bhed; bhedakiy, qq.v.
confounded, amazed; frightened, alarmed,
dismayed, terrified, awe-struck, aghast S bhedya, adj. Requiring to be
(=bhiak, bhuak, bhauakk). separated or distinguished, separable; requiring
to be kept secret, worthy of secrecy.
H bhn [S. ], v.t. To
press, squeeze, compress, crush; to wring from, H bhr, s.m. Hero, &c.=br, q.v.;
to force, compel, enforce; to grasp tightly; to also=bh, q.v.
stint, grudge; to hold back (=bh karn).
S bhru, s.m.f. See bhr.
S bhed (rt. ), s.m. Breaking,
separation, disunion, difference, disagreement, S bheri, and H. bher, s.f. A kind
interruption, disturbance; betrayal; breach,
of musical instrument of copper, a kind of pipe
rupture, fracture; fissure, chasm, cleft;
or bugle; a kettle-drum.
separation, difference, distinction, peculiarity;
discrimination, discernment; kind, sort, species,
variety; device; secrecy, secret, mystery; secret P bahr (cf. S. ; H. bh), s.f.
or hidden virtues or resources (of):bhed pn, Baggage, &c. of an army; camp followers; lines
v.n. To find out a secret, discover the secret near a camp where the wives and families of the
(of), solve (a problem, riddle, &c.):bhed den soldiers live:bahr-bungh, bahr-o-buna
(-ko), To give a clue (to); to divulge or betray a (vulg. bh-bhung), s.f. Baggage or
secret:bhed rakhn (-k), To keep a secret; to impedimenta of an army on the march; rabble
keep one's own counsel:bhed-kar, of camp-followers.
adj.=bhedak, q.v.:bhed karn (-me; -k), To
distinguish, discriminate; to classify, sort: H baher, s.m.=bahe, q.v.;
bhed kholn (-k), To divulge a secret, to adj.=bahr, q.v.
betray; expose, unmask:bhed len (k), To
spy, pry into, get at the secret (of), worm
ooneself into another's confidence, to sound. H bhairr (see bhairav), s.f.
Name of a rgin or musical mode.
S bhedit, part. Divided, separated,
severed. S bhruk, adj. & s.m.=bhru, q.v.

S bhedak, adj. & s.m. Breaking, S bhru, and H. bhr, adj. &
breaking up or open, dividing; causing s.m.f. Fearful, timid, cowardly; shy;coward;
dissension or disunion; breaker, interrupter; one shy or timid person; jackal; tiger; goat;
who causes dissension or disunion, mischief- centipede; a sort of prickly nightshade,
maker; spy, &c. (=next, q.v.). Solanum Jacquini; the plant Asparagus
racemosus.
H bhedakiy [S. +],
s.m. Scout, spy, secret agent (=sandhn); H bhairo, s.m.=bhairo; bhairav, q.v.
secret-keeper, confidant (=bhediy).
S bhairav (from bhru), adj. & s.m.
H bhed [S. +], adj. & s.m. Formidable, awful, horrible, terrible, terriffic,
Having acquaintance (with), or knowledge horrid, miserable;terror, horror; the property
(of);one who is in the secret (of), secret- of exciting terror, terribleness, formidableness,
keeper, confidant; spy, &c. (=bhedakiy; horribleness, dreadfulness; abhorrence, hatred;
bhediy):bhed hon (-se), To become a form of iva (especially an inferior
acquainted (with); to be the confidant (of). manifestation of that deity;eight forms are
enumerated, all of which allude to terrific
S bhed, adj. & s.m.=bhedak; properties of mind or body);name of a
river;name of a rg or musical mode
bhedakiy, qq.v.;discriminating, intelligent, calculated to excite emotions of terror (it is
knowing;the ratan. sung at early dawn in autumn, and is
represented in pictures by Mahdeo with the
Ganges flowing from the hair of his head and

432
this rg or musical deity issuing from his
mouth).
H bhairo, adj. & s.m.=bhairav,
q.v.
S bhairav, s.f. The wife of
Bhairav; a particular form of Durg; name of a
rgin or musical mode sung in the morning.
enclose, fence, pen;to run by heats or spurts
(syn. tag); to stop the mouth with a bribe, to
bribe:bhe-den, v.t.=bhen.
H bhen, bhein (contrac. fem. of
bheiy), s.f. She-wolf.
H bhe, s.m. A quarrelsome or
pugnacious man (=bhiait, q.v.).

H bhr, bha`r, s.f. A species H bhe, s.f.=bher, bheri; bher;

of falcon=bahr, q.v. qq.v.

S bher, s.f.=bher, bheri, q.v.;s.m. H bhe [S. ], s.f. Sheep, ewe.

Bugler, piper.
H bheiy, bhey [S. +],
H bhair, s.f.=bhr; bahr, qq.v. adj. & s.m. Of or pertaining to sheep; like
sheep;sheep:bheiy-l, Following one
H bahery, s.m. Name of a clan of another like sheep; blind imitation of another:
Rjpts in Jaunpur and Chunar (cf. baheliy). bheiy-dhasn, s.m. Multitude crowded
together like sheep in a pen;following the
H bah, s.f.=bahr, q.v. & cf. bh. example of another (=bheiy-l).

H bheiy, bhey [S. +],

H bh [S. ], s.f. Press, crush;
s.m. Wolf.
multitude, crowd, throng, concourse; press of
work, trouble, difficulty:bh-bh, s.f., bh-
H bhen, s.f. She-wolf
bhaakk, s.m. Crowd, &c. (=bh):bh-
bang, bh-bhung, s.m.=bahr-bungh, q.v.s.v. (=bhen, q.v.).
bahr:bh parn, v.n. To be overwhelmed
with difficulties, troubles, or misfortunes:bh H bhs, s.m. The edible root of the
karn, bh lagn, v.n. To crowd, throng, lotus (=bhis).
swarm.
H bhes, s.f. (Prov.)=bhais, q.v.
H bhe, s.f.=bhe, bheri, q.v.
H bhes, = H bhesh, [S. ;
H bhe [S. ], s.f. Sheep, ewe
], s.m. Appearance, look, aspect;
(=bhe):bhe-l, s.f. Sheep-fold, pen:
resemblance, likeness, semblance; dress, guise,
bhe-k ba, s.m. Lamb:bhe-k gosht, s.m. garb; colour, complexion; figure, form, shape;
Mutton. air, manner: feigned appearance, assumed
likeness, counterfeit dress, disguise,
H bahe [S. ], s.m. personation, mask; any sect of Hind jogs or
Belleric myrobalan, Terminalia belerica. ascetics (syn. panth):bhes-badaln, bhes-
bann, bhes-bharn, bhes-palan (apn; -k),
H bhr, part. adj. Pressed, crushed, To change (one's) appearance or garb, &c.; to
disguise oneself; to put on a mask; to personate
crowded, thronged, packed close; narrow, close,
a character; to feign, simulate, counterfeit:
tight, contracted;s.m. One who has contracted
bhes-dhr, adj. & s.m. Assuming an
eye-brows.
appearance, putting on a disguise;disguised
or hypocritical person.
H bhe [S. ], s.m. Ram; sheep
(syn. meh). H bhesh, = H bhes, [S. ;
], s.m. Appearance, look, aspect;
H bhen (caus. of bhin, q.v.),
resemblance, likeness, semblance; dress, guise,
v.t. To shut, close; to shut up; to close in,
garb; colour, complexion; figure, form, shape;

433
air, manner: feigned appearance, assumed importunate beggar:bhkh mangn, v.t. To
likeness, counterfeit dress, disguise, cause (one) to solicit alms, or to beg.
personation, mask; any sect of Hind jogs or
ascetics (syn. panth):bhes-badaln, bhes- H bhekh, s.m.=bhes, q.v.
bann, bhes-bharn, bhes-palan (apn; -k),
To change (one's) appearance or garb, &c.; to
disguise oneself; to put on a mask; to personate S bhek, s.f. Female frog; a small
a character; to feign, simulate, counterfeit: frog; the creeping plant Hydrocotyle asiatica.
bhes-dhr, adj. & s.m. Assuming an
appearance, putting on a disguise;disguised H bhig (perf. part. of bhgn,
or hypocritical person.
and=S. ), part. adj. (f. -), Wet, moist,
saturated, soaked, steeped:bhg bill, s.f. lit.
S bhsh, s.f. Fear, dread, terror,
'Wet or soused cat'; cunning or crafty person
fright; intimidation. (very quiet or subdued in appearance):bhg
bill batn, To make lame, improper, or absurd
S bheshaj, s.m. Medicament, drug, excuses.
remedy; a species of fennel, Nigella indica.
H bhgn [bhg = Prk.
S bhshma, adj. & s.m. Terrible, (), or (), fr. S. ], v.n.
horrible, terrific, fearful;horror, the sentiment To be wet, damp, or moist; to be passed in
of horror; goblin, imp, rkshas; name of the mirth and revelry (the night, rt being
granduncle of the Pnus, and son of the expressed).
Ganges; name of iva:bhshmshtam
(bhshma+asham), s.f. The eighth day in the H bhayal, a dialect. form of bhay
light half of the month Mgh (when there is a
festiva sacred to Bhshma):bhshma-janan, (=hu`), q.v.
s.f. The mother of Bhshma, the Ganges.
H bhl [S. ], s.m. Name of a
S bhsha, adj. & s.m. Horrible, wild mountain race (who live in the Vindhya
terrific, formidable, awful;the sentiment of mountains, in the forests of Malwa, Mewar, and
horror; the property that excites fear; horror, Kandesh, and subsist chiefly by plunder).
terror; object of horror, &c.;the olibanum
tree, Boswellia thurifera. H bhlu, adj.=bhru, q.v.

H bhk, s.f.=bhkh, q.v. H bhel [S. , rt. ], s.f. Mixture,

mixed or mingled state; that which is added and
H bhek, s.m.=bhekh; bhes, q.v. mixed, alloy:bhel-sel, s.f. Mixture; alloy.

S bhek, s.m. Frog, toad; a cloud. H bhel, s.m.=bhilw, q.v.

H bhkr, s.m.=bhkhr, q.v. H bhel [S. +; or ], s.m.

A ball or lump (especially of gu, squeezed
tamarinds, &c.; see bhel).
S bhaiksha, bhaiksh, s.m. Living by
alms, subsisting by charity; asking alms,
H bhluk, adj.=bhruk, q.v.
begging, mendicity; that which is obtained by
begging, begged food, alms, charity.
H bhln, s.f. A woman or girl of
H bhkh [S. ], s.f. Begging, the Bhl race; the wife of a Bhl.
mendicity; that which is obtained by begging,
charity, alms:bhkh den, v.t. To give H bhel (see bhel), s.f. A pat, lump,
alms:bhkh-k hk-, s.m. Beggar's cup or or ball of gu or coarse sugar (generally four or
vessel (in which he collects the scraps given in five seers in weight).
alms):bhkh mgn (-se), To ask alms (of),
to beg:bhkh-mang, s.m. Beggar;

434
H baheliy, bahely [S. H bhe, s.m. = H bhe,
++], s.m. Hunter; fowler; armed s.f. =bhe, q.v.
retainer (especially one armed with a bow and H bhen, v.n.=bhen, q.v.
arrows); gamekeeper (=bahaliy); name of a H bh, s.f. =
tribe of Rjpts (=baheriy).
H bhn, v.t. =bh; bhn;
S bhm, adj. & s.m. Fearful, terrible, qq.v.
terrific, horrible, dreadful, frightful, H bhn, v.t. =
tremendous;horror, terror; danger;name of H bh, s.f. =bh; bhn; qq.v.
the second of the five Pn princes, the second
H bhe, s.m. The perennial water-
brother of Yudhishhir; an epithet of iva:
bhm-rath, s.f. lit. 'The terrible night'; the plant schynomene aspera (Linn.),
seventh night of the seventh month in the or Hedysarum lagenarium (Roxb.:It has thick
seventy-seventh year of a man's life (supposed stems mainly composed of light white pith
to be the ordinary period of human life); which is made into toys, floats, hats, covers for
extreme old age, dotage:bhm-sen, s.m. lit. wine-bottles, &c.: The so-called 'rice-paper' is
Having a terrible army'; name of the second son made of this substance cut in very thin plates:
of Panu (=bhm):bhm-sen, s.f. A kind of syn. sol,phl-sol).
camphor. H bhen, s.f.=bhin, q.v.
H bhais,
S bhm, s.f. Name of a form of
vulg. bhes [Prk. and ;
Durg, the wife of iva; a whip.
S. and ], s.m. & f. Buffalo
H bhm-rj [S. +], (female).
s.m. The great crested Drongo shrike (brought H bhais, s.m. Buffalo (male):
from Nepal and the Bhotan Doars); the bhains-dd, bhaisiy-
mocking-bird of India, Edolius malabaricus. dd (S. mahisha+dadru), s.m. A kind of ring-
worm.
H bhem (from bhm), s.m. A H bhaisod, s.m. Tax or cess
wry face. for the privilege of grazing buffaloes.
H bhais (mistaken fem.
S bhaim, s.f. 'Daughter of Bhm,' a
of bhais), s.f.=bhais, q.v.
patronymic of Damayanti; the eleventh day of
H bhaisiy, s.f. Dialect. form
the bright half of the month Mgh; a festival on
that day (when ceremonies with til or sesamum of bhais, q.v.:bhaisiy-dd, s.m.=bhais-
are performed in honour of Bhm). dd, q.v.s.v. bhais.
P bihn (from bih, 'good'), adj. Best, most S bhayan-kar, adj. Fearful,
excellent. horrible, terrible, terrific (see bhaynak).
H bha`in, bhain, s.f. Sister=bahin, H bhg, part. adj.=bhg, q.v.
q.v.
H bheg [S. + +], adj. &
H bhe (onomat.), s.f. The bleating of a
s.m. Squint-eyed;one who squints.
sheep:bhe-bhe, s.f. Idem:bhe-bhe H bhgn, v.n. To be wet,
karn, v.n. To bleat.
&c.=bhgn, q.v.
H bhn, adj. Wet, moist (=bhng);
H bhayo, bhayau (Braj.)=bhay,
light (colour, or smell).
q.v.
H bhn, s.m. Sister's husband
H bhev, bhe`o, s.m. State or condition
(=bahne`, q.v.).
of being, innate property; nature, disposition,
H bhain, bhen, bhin, s.f.
&c. (=bhv, q.v.).
Sister, &c.=bahin (used by women). H bhe`o, s.m.=bhed, q.v.
H bhainp, s.m.=bahinp, q.v.
H bhew, s.m. (Poet.)=bhe`o, bhed,
H bht, s.f.=bht, q.v.
q.v.;part. adj.=bhigoy.
H bhe, s.f. = H bhe,
s.m. =bhe, q.v.

435
H bhai-vd, s.m. Paying and be-adab, adj. & s.m. Ill-behaved, unmannerly,
disrespectful, rude; presumptuous, impudent,
receiving on the footing of one of a brotherhood
insolent;an ill-behaved person, &c.: be-
or fraternity (cf. bh`-ba).
adab, s.f. Incivility, rudeness, disrespect,
H bhe`on, v.t.=bhigon, q.v. impudence, impertinence, presumptuousness:
H bhhar, s.m. Name of a tribe be-dar, s.m.=nir-dar, q.v.:be-rm, adj.
Restless, uneasy:be-rm, s.f. Restlessness,
(supposed to be the aborigines of Ruhelkhan).
uneasiness, disquiet, disease:be-
H bhaih, = arth (S. vyartha), adj. Without meaning,
H bhaih, [S. +], s.f. unmeaning, meaningless; useless, vain,
Younger brother's wife, sister-in-law unprofitable, ineffectual, inefficient:be-
(see bhauj). asbb, adj. Without goods or effects, having no
effects:be-asbb, s.f. Want of goods, effects,
H bhaih, = or necessaries:be-al, adj. Without
H bhaih, [S. +], s.f. Younger foundation, unfounded, groundless, baseless,
brother's wife, sister-in-law (see bhauj). false:be-e`tibr, adj. Of no credit or
estimation, not to be trusted or relied on,
H baha`, s.f. Side, quarter, way.
untrustworthy, unreliable, faithless; incredible;
H bha`, part. fem. of bhay, q.v. unbelieving, incredulous, suspicious,
H bhey (f. bhe`), perf. sceptical:be-e`tibr, s.f. Want of credit,
discredit, mistrust, distrust, disbelief;
part.=bhew, bhigoy.
untrustworthiness, faithlessness, dishonesty:
H bha`r, s.f.=bhabr, q.v. be-e`tidl, adj. Uneven, devoid of proportion or
H b, conj. contrac. of bh, q.v. symmetry:be-e`tidl, s.f. Unevenness,
inequality:be-e`tiqd, adj. Incredulous,
H b (contrac. of b-b, q.v.), s.f. Lady.
disbelieving:be-etiqd, s.f. Incredulity,
H b (fem. of be; cf. re, r), Vocative disbelief:be-iltift, adj. Regardless,
particle (fem.) used in addressing females inattentive; inconsiderate, unconcerned,
(placed after the noun:see next). unkind:be-iltift, s.f. Inattention,
H be (contrac. of abe), vocative particle regardlessness, want of regard or kindness,
disregard, inconsiderateness, unconcern:be-
(masc.) used contemptuously (see abe):be- ulfat, adj. Devoid of friendship or attachment;
tabe kahn (se), To address rudely or averse to friendship, &c., unsocial:be-ulfat,
contemptuously (see abe-tabe). s.f. The being devoid of friendship; want of
P & H be [Zend vi; S. ], priv. particle; affection or attachment; unsociableness:be-
prep. (governing a following gen. with -ke); and imtiyz, adj. & s.m. Undiscriminating,
prefix;Without, devoid of; out of, &c.; in-, undistinguishing, indiscreet; ill-bred, rude,
un-, im-, ir-, dis-, -less, &c.:be-b, adj. unmannerly, impertinent, presumptuous;an
Without water; without lustre, lustreless; indiscriminating person, &c.:be-imtiyz, s.f.
without temper; without dignity, &c. Lack of discrimination; indiscretion;
(see b):be-br, adj. Dishonoured, unmannerliness, incivility, rudeness,
disgraced; dishonourable, disreputable:be- presumption:be-intizm, s.f. Disorder,
br`, s.f. Dishonour, disgrace:be-b, s.f. misgovernment, mismanagement, &c. (=bad-
Want of water; lustrelessness; want of temper, intizam, q.v.):be-intih, adj. Boundless,
&c.:be-ittifq, s.f. Want of agreement or infinite, endless, &c. (=be-andza, be-ad):
harmony, discord:be-asar, adj. Without be-andza, adj. Immoderate; unlimited,
impression or effect, ineffectual, boundless, endless:be-andesh, adj. & adv.
inefficacious:be-asar, s.f. Inefficacy: be- Thoughtless; fearless; thoughtlessly;
ajal, adj. Untimely (death);be-etiyt, adj. fearlessly:be-inf, adj. Unjust, unfair,
Incautious; wanting in carefulness; inequitable; iniquitous, tyrannical, oppressive;
improvident; imprudent; rash:be-itiyr, unfeeling, hard-hearted, cruel (syn. any`):
adj. & adv. Without choice, involuntary, be-inf, s.f. Injustice, wrong, iniquity
constrained, forced, compelled; without self- (syn. anyy):be-inibt, s.f. Incontinence:
possession, control, or authority; be-auld, adj. Without offspring or issue,
involuntarily, against (one's) will, in spite of childless:be-auld, s.f. Childlessness:be-
oneself, perforce:be-itiyr, s.f. Without mn, adj. Without religion, infidel; without
choice or election, helplessness, want of conscience, unprincipled, corrupt, faithless,
power:be-ad`, s.f. Non-performance, non- false, perfidious, treacherous; dishonest,
fulfilment; faithlessness; incivility, rudeness: fraudulent:be-mn, s.f. Irreligion, infidelity;

436
dishonesty, breach of trust, unfair dealing;
falseness, perfidiousness;be-mn karn (-
se), To act dishonestly, faithlessly, &c.; to play
(one) false, to cheat, defraud, misappropriate:
be-b`is, adj. & adv. Without reason, causeless,
groundless; causelessly, &c.:be-bq, adj. &
adv. Without remainder or arrears, complete,
paid up in full, balanced, even; entirely,
completely, fully:be-bq karn, v.t. To pay
up in full, to complete; to wipe off, adjust,
settle, liquidate, discharge (an account, &c.); to
balance (accounts); to make good a default or
balance:be-bq hona, v.n. To be paid off,
wiped off, settled, liquidated, &c.:be-bq,
s.f. Completion; payment in full, adjustment,
discharge, liquidation, acquittance, clearance:
be-bq karn, v.t. To pay up in full, &c. (=be-
bq karn, q.v.):be-bk, adj. Fearless, bold,
daring:be-bk hon (-se), To be fearless, &c.
(in respect of):be-bk, s.f. Fearlessness,
boldness, temerity:be-bl-o-par, adj.
Unfledged, callow;without resources, without
power, powerless, impotent, helpless:be-bl-
o-par, s.f. Unfledged state;powerlessness,
helplessness, &c.:be-bira, adj.
Unconsidered;be-bire, adv. Without
considering, inconsiderately, thoughtlessly:
be-bad, adj. Without blemish:be-badal, adj.
Without change, invariable, uniform;
unalterable, immutable; incomparable,
inestimable, matchless, peerless:be-bar, adj.
Without fruit, fruitless, barren:be-barg-o-bar,
adj.=be-bar:be-barg, s.f. Destitution,
want:be-bas, adj. Without power, authority,
or command; without resource, powerless,
helpless, weak; unresisting:be-bas, s.f.
Helplessness, &c. (syn. be-itiyr):be-
baq, adj. Unenduring, not eternal, perishable,
frail:be-bal, adj. Without power, weak;
destitute, poor, wretched:be-band-o-bast, adj.
Unarranged, without order, unsettled (as a
country:see band-o-bast):be-bunyd, adj.
Devoid of foundation, groundless,
unfounded:be-bunyd, s.f. Groundlessness,
&c.:be-bah, adj. Beyond price, priceless,
invaluable (=be-qmat):be-bahr, adj. Out of
season:be-bahra, adj. Having no share, part
or lot (in), without portion or profit; destitute,
unfortunate:be-p-o-sar, adj. lit. 'Without feet
and head'; utterly without resources, very poor
and wretched:be-pyn, adj. Boundless:be-
pardag, s.f. Openness, immodesty:be-parda,
adj. & adv. Unveiled, uncovered; immodest;
openly:be-pram, adj. Wanting in authority,
unauthorized, &c. (=nishpram, q.v.):be-
parw, adj. & adv. Heedless, careless,
unconcerned, without reflection, thoughtless;
fearless, intrepid; at ease, independent;
fearlessly, boldly, &c.:be-parw hon (-se),
To be careless (of), to be indifferent (to); to be
independent (of):be-parw`, s.f. Freedom
from danger or apprehension, security,
tranquillity; carelessness, unconcern,
thoughtlessness, inattention, heedlessness;
independence; indifference:be-par-o-bl,
s.f.=be-bl-o-par, q.v.:be-parhez, adj.
Incontinent:be-parhez, s.f. Incontinence:
be-par, s.f. lit. 'The being without wings';
powerlessness, helplessness:be-phb, adj.
Shapeless:be-pr, adj. Having no spiritual
guide; vicious:be-pr, adj. Without sympathy
or feeling, unfeeling, pitiless, cruel, merciless;
inexorable:be-tb, adj. Faint, powerless;
agitated, restless, uneasy impatient (=be-ain);
devoid of splendour, lustreless:be-tb karn,
v.t. To render faint, &c.:be-tbna, adv. &
adj. Restlessly, uneasy, impatient, impatiently;
faint:be-tb, s.f. Faintness; agitation,
restlessness, uneasiness, impatience; lack of
splendour or lustre:be-tsr, adj. Of no effect,
ineffectual:be-tl, be-tla, adj. Out of time (in
music); ill-timed:be-ta`ammul, adj. & adv.
Without deliberation; without hesitation;
extemporary; inconsiderate, rash;
unhesitatingly, ex tempore; inconsiderately:
be-ta`ammul, s.f. Unhesitatingness;
inconsiderateness, indiscretion, rashness:be-
tn, adj. Out of tune:be-tash, adj. & adv.
Inconsiderate, without distinction; rash,
reckless; rashly, recklessly, headlong:be-
tadbr, adj. Inconsiderate, incautious,
imprudent, unwitting:be-tad`, adj. & adv.
Without trouble:be-ta`alluq, adj. Without
connections, independent:be-ta`alluq, s.f.
Freedom from connection or concern; state of
separation or detachment, independence;
solitariness:be-taqr, adj. & adv. Faultless,
blameless, innocent; faultlessly, &c.:be-
takalluf, adj. Without ceremony,
unceremonious, frank:be-takalluf, s.f. The
being without ceremony, unceremoniousness,
frankness:be-tamann, adj. Free from desire
or longing, content:be-tamann`, s.f.
Freedom from desire, contentment:be-tamz,
adj. Lacking discrimination, indiscreet, unwise,
silly:be-tamz, s.f. Want of discrimination,
indiscretion:be-tan, adj. Impersonal:be-tan-
ml, s.m. Escheat, property devolving on the
state through want of legal claimants: be-tauba,
s.m. Impenitence:be-tawajjuh, adj.
Inattentive, regardless; unkind:be-tawajjuh,
s.f. Inattention, regardlessness; unkindness:
be-tawaqqu`, adj. Hopeless; without
expectation:be-tah, adj. Bottomless;
unmeaning, absurd:be-tah, s.f.
Bottomlessness; absurdity; impatience:be-
hikn, adj. Not to be depended on; uncertain;
groundless:be-haur, adj. & adv. Out of
place; groundless; inconsistent;groundlessly;
inconsistently; improperly:be-haur-hikne,
437
adv.=be-haur:be-sabt, adj. Unstable,
inconstant:be-sabt, s.f. Instability;
inconstancy:be-samar, adj. Fruitless, of no
result:be-samar, s.f. Fruitlessness,
inefficacy:be-j, adj. & adv. Out of place, ill-
placed, misplaced, ill-timed; unbecoming,
improper, amiss, unlawful, unjustifiable;
unreasonable, absurd; foreign to the purpose,
irrelevant; inaccurate, wrong, objectionable;
improperly, inopportunely; injudiciously,
wrongly:bej ar, bej arf, s.m. Improper
or needless expenditure, needless expense,
extravagance, waste:be-jda, s.m. Variegated
coral:be-jn, adj. Lifeless, inanimate, faint,
dead; valiant, brave:be-jn karn, v.t. To
deprive of life, to slay:be-jur`at, adj.
Pusillanimous, cowardly:be jur`at, s.f. Want
of courage, cowardliness, pusillanimity:be-
jirm, Without blemish, without flaw, spotless (a
jewel):be-jurm, adj. Fauitless, innocent:be-
jurm, s.f. Innocence:be-jigar, adj. Lacking
courage, cowardly:be-jigar, s.f. Lack of
courage, cowardliness:be-jaml, s.f. Want of
beauty, ugliness; imperfection:be-jawb, adj.
Without answer; unable to answer (=l-
jawb):be-jawb, s.f. The being unable to
answer; the being silenced:be-jot, adj. & s.m.
Uncultivated, untilled;a farm that has been
abandoned by the cultivators:be-jo, adj.
Without join or joint, out of joint, disjointed
(=ajo):be-jn, adj. Untimely, out of season,
unseasonable, out of occasion:be-jihat, adj. &
adv. Without cause; causelessly:be-rag,
s.f. Helplessness; necessity, wretchedness:be-
ra, adj. & s.m. (Pers. pl. be-ragn), Without
remedy, means, or resources; without choice;
helpless, destitute, unfortutunate, miserable,
wretched;unfortunate person, helpless
person, poor fellow, poor wretch:be-l, adj.
Unprincipled:be-l, adj.=be-l;s.f. Ill-
behaviour, misdemeanour:be-arg, adj.
Lamp-less, dark, desolate, ruined beyond hope;
childless:be-ashm, adj. Eyeless: be-oba,
s.m. lit. 'Poleless'; a kind of tent pitched without
a pole:be-n, adj. Unparalleled,
incomparable; inscrutable:be-ain, adj.
Uneasy, restless, disturbed (=be-kal):be-
ain, s.f. Uneasiness, restlessness,
disquietude:be-il, adj. Unprofitable,
fruitless (=l-il):be-il, s.f. &c.:be-ud, s.f. The being beside one's
Unprofitableness, fruitlessness:be-l, adj.
Out of condition, ill-circumstanced, indisposed;
damaged, unserviceable, worn out, used up,
ruined; unemployed, badly off, in a bad way or
state:be-l, s.f. Badness of circumstances or
condition:be-ijb, be-ijbna, adj. & adv.
Unveiled, immodest; openly; shamelessly:be-
ijb, s.f. Appearing unveiled, immodesty,
indecency, shamelessness:be-add, be-ad,
adj. Boundless, unbounded, endless (=be-
intih):be-arakat, adj. Immovable,
motionless, still:be-arakat, s.f. Want of
motion, motionlessness, immovability:be-
urmat, adj. Disgraced:be-urmat, s.f.
Disgrace:be-iss, adj. Insensible,
senseless:be-isb, adj. Countless, beyond
calculation, incalculable; immoderate,
excessive; inconsistent:be-ur, adj.
Absent:be ukm (-ke), Without the order or
permission (of):be-ikmat, adj. Unskilful:
be-aw, be-aw, Out of one's senses,
beside one's self, distracted:be-aw, s.f.
Senselessness, insensibility; distraction of
mind:be-auila, adj. Lacking ambition,
mean or low-spirited, spiritless, wanting
capacity:be-ay, adj. & s.m. Shameless,
immodest, bold, impudent;shameless person,
&c.:be-ay`, s.f. Shamelessness,
barefacedness, effrontery, impudence:be-
r, adj. Without thorns; without anxiety,
solicitude, or fear:be-n-o-mn, adj.
Houseless; destitute:be-ya, s.m. lit.
'Devoid of testicles'; an eunuch;be-ya
karn, v.t. To geld, castrate:be-abar, adj. &
adv. Without knowledge (of, -se), uninformed;
without intelligence, senseless, ignorant, stupid;
incautious, imprudent, careless, heedless;
unwittingly, unintentionally:be-abar, s.f.
Imprudence; carelessness, heedlessness;
stupidity:be-ar, adj. Without money for
expenses, wanting means:be-ar, s.f.
Want of pay or wages, want of money:be-
irad, adj. Without understanding, stupid,
senseless:be-ar-o-vind, adj. Without a
master, without an owner:be-at, adj.
Unerring:be-atar, be-atra, adj. Free from
danger, safe, fearless, unapprehensive:be-
alish, adj. Without misgiving, without
solicitude:be-b, adj. Sleepless:be-
ab, s.f. Sleeplessness:be-hish, adj.
Without inclination or desire; without spirit;
without pursuit, object, or hobby:be-ud,
be-ud, adj. Beside oneself (with joy or grief),
out of one's mind; in ecstasy, transported,
enraptured, intoxicated; senseless, delirious
(syn. az ud rafta):be-ud-n, adv.
Like one beside himself; like one in ecstasies,
self, alienation of mind, ecstasy, transport,
rapture; senselessness, insensibility,
stupefaction, delirium:be-ur-o-b,
adj. Without food and sleep; without inclination
to eat or sleep, restless, unsettled, disturbed:
be-esh, adj. Without a friend, friendless:
be-dil, adj. Not admitted, set aside,
dismissed (a claim):be-dd, s.f. Injustice;
iniquity;adj. Not doing justice, unjust,
438
lawless (see be-inf; be-inf):be-dd-gar, mannered, ill-bred, uneducated; unpleasant,
s.m. Oppressor:be-dd-gar, s.f.
Oppression:be-dd, s.f. Injustice,
lawlessness:be-dsht, adj. Careless,
inattentive, negligent:be-dsht, s.f.
Carelessness, inattention, neglect (particularly
of cattle):be-dg, adj. Spotless:be-dnish,
s.f. Ignorance:be-dna, adj. & s.m. Grainless;
seedless (as fruit);pomegranate; a kind of
raisin; the fruit of the mulberry tree:be-dal,
adj. & s.m. Dispossessed, ejected;
dispossessed or ejected person;be-dal
karn, v.t. To exclude, eject, evict:be-dal,
s.f. Want of entrance, exclusion, want of
possession; dispossession:be-dard, adj.
Unfeeling, void of compassion, pitiless,
merciless:be-dard-na, adv. Like an unfeeling
or merciless person; in an unfeeling manner,
&c.:be-dard, s.f. Freedom from pain;
unfeelingness, inhumanity:be-dirang, adj. &
adv. Without delay:be-direg, adj. & adv.
Undeniable, incontestable, readily
acknowledged; unsparing, ungrudging, not
refusing, liberal; pitiless, merciless;
ungrudgingly, &c.:be-dast-o-p, adj. lit.
'Without hands and feet'; without power or
authority; without resources; helpless (=be-p-
o-sar):be-dastr, adj. Unusual; ill-bred:be-
da`w, adj. Without claim; free from claims;
be-da`w-patra, s.m. A deed acknowledging the
abandonment of a claim or suit:be-dil, adj.
Dissatisfied, displeased; heartless, dispirited,
dejected, sad:be-dil-na, adv. Like one
heartless or dejected; in a spiritless or heartless
manner;be-dil hon (-se), To be dispirited or
disheartened (by reason of); to be discontented
or dissatisfied (with):be-dil, s.f.
Heartlessness, dejection; dissatisfaction,
discontent:be-dam, adj. Breathless:be-
dam, s.f. Breathlessness:be-damg, adj. Ill-
tempered, irritable, impatient, easily
provoked:be-damg-na, adv. Ill-naturedly;
impatiently:be-damg, s.f. Bad-temper,
irritability, impatience:be-daw, adj. Beyond
cure or remedy, incurable:be-dos, adj.
Faultless, innocent (little used):be-daulat, adj.
Devoid of wealth; unfortunate:be-daulat, s.f.
Bad luck, misfortune:be-dhaak, be-dhak,
adj. & adv. Without fear or doubt, fearless,
bold, intrepid, dauntless;fearlessly, &c.;
confidently; on a sudden:be-dahshat, adj.
Fearless, &c. (=be-ar):be-day, adj.
Without feeling or pity, unfeeling, pitiless:
be-diynat, adj. Irreligious; unjust:be-dn,
adj. & s.m. Without religion, irreligious;
irreligious person:be-ar, adj. & adv.
Fearless, bold, dauntless, intrepid;fearlessly,
&c.:be-aul, adj. Misshapen, shapeless, ill-
fashioned, ugly, clumsy, awkward; ill-
untoward (cf. be-hab):be-aul, s.f.
Ugliness; clumsiness, awkwardness;
impropriety; disorder:be-hab, adj. & adv.
Ill-shaped, ugly, ungainly; unmannerly, rude,
&c. (=be-aul); awkward, untoward, difficult,
unmanageable; complicated, serious, grave,
threatening, dangerous; severe, violent;
ungovernable, daring, fearless, reckless,
audacious, presumptuous; excessive,
extravagant, enormous; strange, extraordinary;
heartless, unfeeling, cruel;fearlessly,
daringly, recklessly; doggedly, impudently;
excessively; severely, seriously; awkwardly,
untowardly; cleverly; strikingly, in an
extraordinary manner; cruelly, unfeelingly:
be-hang, adj. Ill-mannered, ill-behaved, ill-
bred, uneducated, improper, ugly (see be-
hab),be-hang, s.f. Ill-manneredness,
rudeness, uncouthness; impropriety:be-auq,
adj. Without relish, tasteless, insipid:be-
auq, s.f. Tastelessness, insipidity:be-rh,
adj. Erring, astray; unprincipled, depraved,
dissolute:be-rh, s.f. Error, wandering;
dissoluteness:be-rabt, adj. Irregular, contrary
to rule:be-rutbag, s.f. Absence or lack of
rank, or degree of honour:be-rutba, adj.
Without dignity or rank; worthless:be-ram,
adj. Pitiless, merciless, cruel, barbarous:be-
ram, s.f. Hardness (of heart), mercilessness,
cruelty:be-ra, adj. Without leave:be-
rang, adj. Without colour, colourless:be-r,
adj. lit. 'Without face'; bare-faced, shameless;
inhuman:be-r`, s.f. Shamelessness;
inhumanity:be-roz, adj. Unfortunate:be-
roz, adj. Destitute of daily bread, without
sustenance; unfortunate:be-rok, be-rok-ok,
adj. Without let or hindrance:be-rah, s.f.=be-
rh, q.v.:be-raib-o-riy, be-riy, adj.
Without guile, guileless, candid, sincere:be-
riy`, s.f. Guilelessness, sincerity, candour:
be-rsh, adj. Beardless (a youth):be-resha,
adj. Without fibre:be-zr, adj. Displeased,
vexed, annoyed, out of humour; disgusted;
(vulg.) sick, sorry:be-zr hon (-se), To be
displeased (with); to be sick (of):be-zr, s.f.
Displeasure, ill-humour, vexation, annoyance;
disgust, weariness:be-zabn, adj. & s.m.
Without speech or language, mute, speechless,
dumb;a dumb animal, brute:be-zabn, s.f.
Inability to speak, speechlessness, dumbness:
be-zar, adj. Without money or the means of
getting it, helpless, destitute:be-zar ard,
adj. (Taking or getting) without purchase, free
of cost:be-zar, s.f. The being without
money, impecuniosity, indigence, poverty:
be-zan-o-farzand, adj. Without wife and
children:be-zawl, adj. Imperishable:
unchangeable:be-zor, adj. Weak, impotent:
439
be-zahra, adj. Without gall or bile; patient;
good-tempered; forbearing; indefatigable;
shameless:be-zeb-o-znat, adj. Ugly and
awkward; inelegant in dress and person:be-
zn, adj. Without saddle, unsaddled:be-
stag, s.f. Artlessness, simplicity,
undisguised or unstudied conduct:be-sta,
adj. & adv. Inartificial, unaffected, natural,
undisguised, plain, artless;spontaneously, of
its own accord, naturally; ex tempore:be-
sz, be-sz-o-smn, adj. Without apparatus, or
tools, &c.; unaccoutred:be-smn, s.f. Want
of apparatus, or of necessaries:be-sabab, adj.
& adv. Without cause or reason, causeless;
causelessly:be-satr, s.f. Unveiling, exposure,
dishonour; barefacedness, impudence:be-
sutn, adj. Without pillar or prop; of no
foundation; insignificant:be-saj, adj.
Shapeless, ill-made:be-suan, adj.
Taciturn:be-sudh, adj. Senseless, beside one's
self; enraptured, entranced, in a swoon (syn. be-
ud):be-sar, adj. Unequalled, peerless:
be-sur, adj. Out of tune:be-surt, adj.
Stupid:be-sar-o-p, adj.=be-p-o-sar, q.v.:
be-sar-o-smn, adj. Without apparatus;
without means; destitute of (the) necessaries (of
life), unprovided, helpless:be-salqag, s.f.
Inexpertness, awkwardness:be-salqa, adj.
Without method, inexpert, awkward:be-
samajh, adj. Devoid of understanding or sense,
ignorant, stupid (=an-samajh; abudh):be-so,
adj. Thoughtless, unreflecting,
undiscriminating, inconsiderate; heedless,
regardless, careless:be-soe, adv.
Thoughtlessly, inconsiderately; heedlessly,
carelessly:be-sl, adj. Shameless:be-
shhid, adj. Without evidence:be-shubha,
adj.=be-shak, q.v.:be-sharaf, adj. Without
honour or dignity:be-sharaf, s.f. Dishonour,
indignity:be-sharm, adj. Immodest,
shameless, impudent:be-sharm, s.f.
Shamelessness, immodesty, impudence:be-
shu`r, adj. & s.m. Ignorant, uninformed;
stupid fellow, blockhead:be-shu`r, s.f.
Ignorance, stupidity:be-shafaqat, vulg. be-
shafqat, adj. Unkind, unmerciful, harsh:be-
shak, be-shakk-o-raib, be-shakk-o-shubh, adv.
Doubtless, indubitably, undoubtedly,
certainly:be-shumr, adj. Countless,
numberless, innumerable, much:be-abr, adj.
Devoid of patience, impatient, restless:be-
abr hon, v.n. To be impatient, to lose all
patience:be-abr, be-abr, s.f. Want of unconcerned, thoughtless, unreflecting,
patience, impatience:be-arfa, adj.
Unprofitable:be-al, adj. Without the
advice (of, -ke); ill-advised, head-strong:be-
bitag, s.f. Irregularity:be-bita, adj. Slow in comprehending, stupid:be-fai, adj.
Irregular, contrary to rule (=ilaf-bita): Unprofitable, possessing but not bestowing (as
be-abt, adj. Irregular; unrestrained, wanton:
be-abt-rabt, adj. Without rule or order, devoid
of order or connection:be-tqat, adj.
Powerless, weak, beyond the power of
endurance:be-tqat, s.f. Weakness; non-
endurance:be-tli`, adj. Destitute of good
fortune, unlucky:be-tli`, s.f. Ill-luck,
misfortune, adversity:be-tara, adj. & adv.
Ill-mannered, unmannerly, uncivil, rude,
awkward, uncouth;badly, &c. (=be-hab,
q.v.):be-tarafdr, adj. Of no party, impartial,
unsectarian:be-tarafdr, s.f. Non-
partisanship, impartiality, unsectarianism:be-
talab, adj. Uncalled, unsought:be-tama`, adj.
Free from covetousness or greediness;
disinterested:be-tama`, s.f. Freedom from
covetousness, &c.; disinterestedness:be-taur,
adj. Unmannerly, rude, &c. (=be-tara andbe-
hab, qq.v.):be-taur, s.f. Unmannerliness,
incivility, rudeness, &c.:be-`ibrat, adj.
Unwarned by example, unawed:be-`adl, adj.
Unjust, lawless:be-`izzat, adj. Without
honour or dignity; disgraced:be-`izzat, s.f.
Ingloriousness, disesteem, dishonour, disgrace,
ignominy:be-`aql, adj. Stupid, senseless:
be-`aql, s.f. Stupidity, senselessness:be-
`illat, adj. Without cause, causeless (=be-
sabab):be-`aib, adj. Without defect, blemish,
or flaw; faultless:be-gyat, adj. Boundless,
&c. (=be-pyn; be-intih):be-gara, adj.
Disinterested, without selfishness, impartial;
independent, indifferent:be-gara-na, adv.
Disinterestedly, unselfishly, &c.:be-gara,
s.f. Disinterestedness, unselfishness;
impartiality, indifference, independence:be-
gil-o-gish, be-gal-o-gash, adj. & adv. Without
trouble or anxiety; without vexation,
annoyance, or any disturbing influence; without
fraud or hatred:be-gam, adj. & adv. Without
trouble, without sorrow or anxiety:be-gaur,
adj. & adv. Without consideration or reflection,
without premeditation;thoughtlessly, &c.:
be-gairat, adj. Lacking honour or dignity;
without pride or emulation, spiritless;
shameless, wanton, impudent, rude,
infamous:be-gairat, s.f. Want of honour,
&c.; want of pride, &c.; spiritlessness; disgrace;
shamelessness, impudence, rudeness,
wantonness:be-f`ida, adj. & adv.
Unprofitable, useless, vain; uselessly, to no
purpose:be-fikr, adj. Free from care or
anxiety, without solicitude, contented, tranquil;
inconsiderate:be-fikr, s.f. Freedom from
care, anxiety or solicitude, contentedness;
thoughtlessness, unconcern:be-fahmd, adj.
a learned man who does not communicate his
knowledge, or a rich man from whose wealth
440
no one derives benefit):be-qb, adj. Unable,
powerless, helpless; without restraint; out of
one's power or reach, secure against surprise or
attack:be-q`ida, adj. Unarranged, irregular,
without order or rule, ungrammatical:be-
qadr, adj. Of no importance or worth, of no
estimation, unimportant, worthless:be-qadr,
s.f. Worthlessness, low estimation, disesteem,
disrepute:be-qarr, adj. Restless, uneasy,
discomposed, disturbed in mind, disquieted,
anxious, distracted; unsettled, variable,
vacillating, inconstant;be-qarr karn, v.t.
To render uneasy, disturb in mind, disquiet,
&c.:be-qarr, s.f. Restlessness, uneasiness,
anxiety, discomposure, disquietude; instability,
inconstancy, variableness, fluctuation:be-
qur, adj. Faultless, innocent; without fail,
completely, entirely:be-qala`, adj. Untinned
(as a pot, &c.):be-qaul, adj. Faithless,
perfidious:be-qiys, adj. Inconceivable,
contrary to the common order of things,
incomprehensible, immense, exorbitaut:be-
qaid, adj. Unrestrained, unrestricted;
irregular; dissolute, licentious:be-kj, be-
kr, be-km, adj. Without work or employment,
unemployed, not in office, idle; inoperative,
ineffective; without force, invalid; useless,
worthless:be-kr karn, v.t. To render useless
or unserviceable; to render of no avail, to render
defective; to nullify, invalidate; to thwart,
frustrate, defeat, undo:be-kr, s.f. The state
of being unemployed; want of employment,
idleness:be-kra, adv. Causelessly,
aimlessly, uselessly:be-km, adj.
Disappointed, frustrated: be-kunye, adv.
Without practising the work, business, or art of
a procuress:be-karn, adj. Shoreless,
boundless; immense, enormous:be-kas, adj.
Friendless, forlorn, destitute;be-kas-na, adj.
& adv. Friendless, destitute; in a friendless
manner:be-kas, s.f. Forlorn state,
friendlessness, destitution:be-kafan, adj.
Unshrouded:be-kafan, s.f. The being buried
without a shroud:be-kal, adj. Restless,
uneasy, disturbed (=be-ain;be-qarr); out of
order:be-kal, s.f.=be-qarr, q.v.:be-kam- season, unseasonable; unseasonably:be-
o-kst, adj. Without decrease or diminution,
without omission, accurate, exact, all right:
be-khak, adj. Free from anxiety or
apprehension:be-khake, adv. Without
apprehension or doubt:be-gh, adj. & adv.
Untimely, unseasonable; unseasonably:be-
gumn, adj. Without doubt or suspicion;
doubtless:be-gunh, adj. & adv. Guiltless,
innocent;without offence, unjustly,
wrongfully:be-gunh, s.f. Guiltlessness,
innocence:be-ginat, be-gint, adj. Countless,
numberless, &c. (=be-shumr; an-gina):be-
gh, adj. Inaccessible (a river, &c.), without
steps or a quay (to it):be-lj, adj. Without
shame, shameless, impudent:be-lg, adj.
Without stain or blemish, faultless,
irreproachable:be-libs, s.f. Nakedness,
nudity:be-liz, adj. Inattentive, unmindful,
indiscreet; unmannerly, impertinent:be-lutf,
adj. Unkind, ungracious; inelegant; without
pleasure, insipid, flavourless, vapid: be-lutf,
s.f. Unkindness; inelegance; unpleasantness:
be-lagm, adj. Unbridled; licentious,
intemperate:be-lag`o, adj. Unconnected,
independent; without ties or encumbrances,
unfettered; inaccessible; candid; categorical,
without reserve:be-lau, adj. Without spirit,
dispirited, heartless:be-mn, adj. Disgraced,
dishonoured; dishonourable:be-mnand, adj.
Incomparable, unparalleled:be-mya, adj.
Without resources, without means, funds, or
substance; poor, destitute, indigent:be-
myag, s.f. Poverty, indigence:be-misl, adj.
Incomparable, &c. (=be-mnand):be-
mub, adj. & adv. Without respect,
unceremonious; unceremoniously:be-
musaba, adj. & adv. Unaccountable,
irresponsible; without calculation, at a
venture:be-maal, adj. & adv. Out of place,
improper; improperly:be-muruwwat, adj.
Unkind, inhuman, cruel; unpolished, unpolite,
uncivil:be-muruwwat, s.f. Unkindness,
inhumanity, cruelty; unpoliteness, incivility:
be-mazag, s.f. Insipidity, tastelessness;
coolness (between friends); unpleasantness;
disgust:be-maza, adj. Tasteless, insipid;
unpleasant; displeasing:be-ma`n, adj.
Unmeaning, senseless, absurd, foolish, idle,
vain:be-mu`aiyan, adj. Undefined,
unlimited:be-maqdr, adj. Without authority;
without resource, poor, miserable:be-man,
adj. Spiritless:be-minnat, adj. Independent,
unwilling to incur obligation: be-minnat, s.m.
Name of a bicornous instrument made of wood
with a cloth spread over it for straining bhag
(so called because a man can strain the liquor
without help from others):be-mjib, adj. &
adv. Without cause or reason, causeless;
causelessly:be-mausim, adj. & adv. Out of
mauq`, be-mauqi`, adj. & adv. Out of place;
unseasonable, untimely, unapt, inopportune,
inconvenient:be-mihr, adj. Wanting in
affection, unkind, unfriendly:be-mihr, s.f.
Want of affection, unkindness,
unfriendliness:be-mel, adj. Without unison,
unharmonious, unsuitable, unreconciled, &c.
(=an-mel, q.v.):be-np, adj. Without
measure; unmeasured, unsurveyed:be-np-k
pa, s.m. A lease guaranteeing that the
average rates of land remain as before:be-
nm, adj. Without name, character, or
reputation; inglorious:be-nm-o-nishn, adj.
Without name or character:be-nms, s.f.
441
Disgrace, dishonour:be-nm, adj.
Anonymous:be-nab, adj. Without lot or
portion (in, -se), unfortunate (in respect of, -se);
frustrated (in):be-nab, s.f. Untoward luck
or fortune, ill-luck, misfortune:be-nazr, adj.
Incomparable, &c. (=be-badal; l-sn):be-
namak, adj. Without salt, saltless; insipid;
lacking piquancy; ugly; ordinary:be-nang,
adj. Shameless;be-nang-o-nmus, adj.
Without name or character:be-naw, adj. &
s.m. Without provisions or furniture; without
prosperity or splendour in condition; indigent,
destitute;a kind of darwesh who shaves his
eyebrows and beard (syn. zd):be-naw`,
s.f. Indigence, destitution, beggary;
mendicancy:be-nr, s.f. Absence of light:
be-nihyat, adj. Without bounds or limits,
boundless, endless:be-niyz, adj. Without
want, wanting nothing, not in need, able to
dispense (with, -se), independent (of); an
epithet of the Deity:be-niyz karn, v.t. To
make (one) independent (of, -se); to make (a
thing) unnecessary (for one):be-niyz, s.f.
Freedom from want, ability to dispense (with),
independence:be-niyam, adj. Without
restraint, without restriction, unrestricted;
without rule:be-wris, adj. Without heirs
(=l-wris):be-wris ml, s.m. Property that
escheats to the government in default of
heirs:be-wl, adj. Without a ruler, without a
protector:be-wajh, adj. & adv. Without cause
or reason; causelessly:be-wadat, adj.
Insolent, rude, unmannerly; unmindful;
immodest, shameless:be-watan, adj. & s.m.
Without home or native country;an exile:
be-watan, s.f. Exile, banishment:be-waf,
adj. & s.m. Faithless, perfidious, treacherous;
ungrateful;traitor, faithless one, ingrate:be-
waf`, s.f. Faithlessness, infidelity, ingratitude,
treachery:be-waqr, adj. Without fame or
character, wanting dignity, undignified;
dishonourable:be-waqr, s.f. Want of
dignity, &c.:be-waqt, adj. Out of season,
untimely, ill-timed, at an unusual time,
unseasonable:be-waqr, adj.=be-waqr,
q.v.:be-waqr, s.f.=be waqr, q.v.:be-
wuqf, adj. & s.m. Ignorant, foolish, inexpert,
stupid;blockhead, dolt:be-wuqf, s.f.
Want of understanding, ignorance, stupidity,
folly, foolishness, fatuity: be-haml, adj.
Without compeer, unequalled, unrivalled (=be-
nazr; be-badal):be-himmat, adj.
Unambitious, unaspiring, humble, spiritless,
pusillanimous; miserly, ignoble, vile; slothful,
lazy, indolent:be-hamt, adj. Incomparable,
&c. (=be-haml; be-badal; be-nazr):be-
himmat, s.f. Lack of ambition, spiritlessness;
pusillanimity, &c. (see be-himmat):be-hunar,
adj. Unskilful, unskilled, unaccomplished:be-
hunar, s.f. Unskilfulness; lack of
accomplishments:be-hangm, adj. Untimely,
&c. (=be-waqt):be-hosh, adj. Unconscious,
insensible, stupefied, intoxicated, delirious;
senseless, stupid:be-hosh, s.f.
unconsciousness, insensibility, stupefaction,
intoxication, delirium; senselessness,
stupidity:be-he, adv. For nothing, without
reason, purpose, or motive.
H bay, baiy [S. ], s.m. The
weaver. bird, Ploceus baya, or Fringilla
(Euplectes) Philippina.
H bay, baiy (prob. corr. from A. ),
s.m. An assizer (=nir); a person appointed in
bazars to measure grain.
H bay [S. ], s.m. Sweetmeats,
brass vessels, &c. presented to the bridegroom,
&c. by the bride on the sankrt of the month
Mgh.
H b`, biy [S. ; or ],
s.m. Seed.
P biy (imperat. of madan), Come:biy-
biy, Come! come! (a mode of calling pigeons,
falcons, &c.).
P baybn, vulg. biybn (be+b+n), s.m.
Desert, wilderness:baybn-gard, baybn-
navard, adj. & s.m. Traversing deserts;one
who traverses the desert, wanderer:baybn-
i-quds, s.m. The wilderness of Jerusalem.
P baybn, adj. Of or pertaining to the
wilderness or desert; wild.
H bypr [S. ], s.m.
Business, affair, traffic, &c.=baipr, q.v.
H bypr, s.m. Man of business
in general; dealer, trader (=baipr, q.v.).
H bypn [S. ], v.t. To
reach through, spread through, pervade,
penetrate, fill, fill up, occupy; to act, operate,
work, produce effect; to affect, to prevail.
H byj [S. ], s.m. Deceit, fraud,
cunning, craft; disguise (either of purpose or of
person); semblance, pretext, pretence;
contrivance, means; surplus, deduction,
discount, interest (on money), usury:byj-
ba, s.m. A comprehensive term for the
various items of the business of a shroff or
442
banker:byj-par byj, s.m. Interest upon H byr, , biyr
interest, compound interest:byj-or, byj-
ora, s.m. One who takes interest, an bayr [S. +], s.f. Supper (=byl).
usurer:byj-or, s.f. Usury (=byj):byj-
me den (-ko), To lend at interest. H b`a (see b`), s.f. Seed-bed,
seed-plot.
H byj, s.m. The principal or
capital put out at interest:adv. At interest: H b`a [S. ], s.f. Evening.
byj den, v.t. To lend at interest:byj len, H byz, s.m. Interest (on money), &c.=byj,
v.t. To borrow on interest. q.v.

H byj, s.m. One who takes H biys, b`s (see b`),

interest, usurer;s.f. Money that bears interest, s.m. (?), Land cultivated to be sown in the
money lent or borrowed at interest. following year.

H bydh [S. ], s.m. Hunter, H bys [S. ], s.m. Name of a

sportsman, fowler; a low or wicked man. celebrated saint and author, the supposed
original compiler of the Vedas and Puras;
H bydhi, bydh, also the founder of the Vedanta philosophy.
biydh [S. ], s.m. Illness, sickness,
H bys, bays,
ailment, disease; pain, anguish; contention,
wrangle, quarrel. be`s [S. ], adj. Eighty-two.

H bydh, s.m.=bydh, q.v. A bay (rt. ' to surpass in whiteness'),

s.f. Whiteness (contr. of sawd); blank book,
H bydhit [S. ], part. commonplace book, note-book; account-book
(syn. bah); name of a figure in the science of
Diseased, afflicted, sick, ill. ramal or geomancy.

H byadh [S. , ], adj. H bykara [S. ], s.m.

& s.m. Diseased, sick, ill, afflicted, pained;an Grammar (syn. arf-o-nav).
invalid;hunter, &c. (=bydh);s.f. Huntress,
&c. (see bydh).
H baiykara, = H
H bayr [S. , or ], s.f. Wind, bykara, baiykara
air. s.m. Grammarian.

H b`ar [S. ], s.m. Hole (of a H bykara,

snake, rat, &c.). baiykara = H baiykara,
s.m. Grammarian.
H b`ar, b`r, s.f.=b`a, q.v.
H bykul [S. ], adj.
H byr, biyr, s.f.=biyr, q.v. Perplexed, confounded; vexed; alarmed,
discomposed, disquieted, perturbed, agitated,
P biyr, be`r, imperat. (2nd. pers. sing. of restless, uneasy:bykul hon, v.n. To be
vardan), Bring thou. perplexed, &c.

H byrth [S. ], adj. H bykhy [S. ], = H

Ineffectual, meaningless, unmeaning, vain, bykhyn [S. ], s.f.
useless, unprofitable. Explanation, exposition, gloss, commentary.

H bayr, s.f. Wind, &c.=bayr, H bykhyn [S. ], =

q.v.
H bykhy [S. ], s.f.
Explanation, exposition, gloss, commentary.

443
H biyl, bayl, s.f. Wind H byn [S. ], s.m. The
(=bayr). space between the tips of the fingers of either
hand when the arms are extended, a fathom.
H byl, biyl [S. ], adj.
& s.m. Wicked, villainous, bad, vicious; cruel, H byvl, s.m.=byhl, q.v.
fierce;villain, cheat, rogue; an evil spirit; a
snake. H byvl, s.f.=byhl, q.v.

H bayl, baiyl, biyl (see bayl,

H byh, biyh [S. ], s.m.
bayr), adj. Windy, flatulent; indigestible:
Marriage:byh den, v.t. To give in
bayl-j, s.m. The longing of a pregnant
marriage:byh ran (-k), To celebrate a
woman.
marriage:byh kar`, s.f. The marriage fees
of a Brhma:byh karn, byh kar-den (-
H byl, biyl [S. se), To marry (one, to), to marry or take a wife
+], s.m. The evening meal, supper (e.g. r byh kiy, he took four wives); to
(=biyr). celebrate a marriage:byh ln, byh len,
byh le-n, byh le-jn (-ko), To marry, take
in marriage, bring home a wife:byh-wl,
H byls, biyls, adj. & s.m. (f. -), Married;married man.
bayls, be`als [S. ], adj.
Forty-two. H byh, biyh [S.
], adj. & s.m. Married;married
H bay, s.m.=bay; and adj.=by. man:biyh jn, v.n. To get married.

A bayn (rt. ' to become separated,' &c.), H byht, biyht, adj.

s.m. Declaration, assertion, affirmation;
explanation, exposition, description, relation, & s.f. Married;married woman, wife.
disclosure, unfolding, circumstantial indication
or evidence; perspicuity, clearness:bayn H byhl, s.m. Marriage song of a
badaln, v.n. To contradict oneself; to god.
prevaricate:bayn pan, v.n. To be affirmed,
explained, &c.; to be clear, &c. (=bayn H byhl, s.f. Newly-married
hon):bayn karn, v.t. To tell, relate,
woman, bride.
express, state, report; to declare, assert, affirm,
depose; to describe, give an account of; to
explain, to make clear or manifest:bayn- H byhan, biyhan [S.
wr, adv. Perspicuously, clearly, explicitly: ], s.m. Marrying; marriage:byhan-
bayn hon, v.n. To be stated, affirmed, &c.; to jog, adj. Marriageable:byhan karn, v.t. To
be explained, unfolded, &c., to be made clear or marry, wed.
manifest.
H byhn, biyhn, v.t.
H byn, biyn, baiyn
To give or to take in marriage; to marry, wed:
[S. , rt. 'to engender, to bring forth'], byhne-jog, adj. Fit for marriage, marriageable.
s.m. Bringing forth, act of parturition, birth;
adv. At a birth (usually with ek). H byhn, or biyhn,
v.n.=byn, q.v.
H bayn, s.m. Earnest-money
(corr. from bai`na, q.v.). H byh, adj. & s.f.=byh:
byh-thi`, byhiy-thy, Idem.
H byn, biyn (see byn),
v.n. To bring forth, give birth (to,applied to H bay`, baiy` (see bay),
animals), to calve, foal, farrow, litter, pup, yean. s.f. Fee of a grain-measurer; weighman's
perquisite.
H byt, s.m.=byn, q.v.

444
H byym [S. ], s.m. Moammadans):baitu`l-muqaddas, s.m. The
Exercising, practising; exertion, labour. temple or city of Jerusalem:bait-ba, s.f.
Criticism of poetry:bait-band, s.f. Verse,
poetry.
H beb, s.f. Name of a grass (from
which a twine is made; it is also used in H bt, s.m. Span=bitt, q.v.
thatching).

H baib, adv. At a distance, afar off. H betl, baitl [S. ],

s.m. Sprite, goblin (especially one that is
supposed to haunt cemeteries and animate
H baibal (corr. from the English), s.f. corpses); a dead body occupied and animated
The Bible. by a goblin:baitl-pas, s.f. Name of a work
in Hind (so called because it contains twenty-
H baibhav [S. ], s.m. Power, five tales related by a baitl).
wealth, grandeur, greatness, pre-eminence.
H betra, betar [S. ], s.m. Cane;
P H bb, s.f. Lady, dame, madam; willow:betra-band, s.f. Allowance for mats
wife; mistress; a term of endearment:bib j, or wicker works for packing goods.
s.f. Husband's sister, sister-in-law:bb-j, bb
ib, intj. (A respectful form of address), H baitara, baitr [S. +, rt. ],
Lady! Madam! s.f. Dry ginger (syn. soh).
H baitar [S. ], s.f. Name
H baipr, vulg. bepr [S. ], of a river which (according to the Hinds) is to
s.m. Traffic, trade, merchandise; business, be crossed by the dead on their way into the
labour:baipr karn, v.n. To trade, &c. world of spirits (like the Styx of the ancients);
name of a river in Orissa.
H baipr [S. , ],
s.m. Trader, merchant. H baital, = H baitl, (abbrev. of baitu`l-
ml), adj. & s.m. (f. -), Unlucky, unfortunate;
vicious;unlucky wight, &c.
H bt, s.f. Grazing fee charged by
herdsmen, demand on each head of cattle paid H baitl, = H baital, (abbrev. of baitu`l-
to the cowherd, a kind of agistment:bt-khet, ml), adj. & s.m. (f. -), Unlucky, unfortunate;
s.m. Field or land grazed on by agistment; vicious;unlucky wight, &c.
land cultivated by forced labour.
H baital, baitl, adj. Stolen:baitl
H bet [S. ], s.f. Cane, ratan,
ml, s.m. Stolen property.
Calamus rotang; blow or stroke with a cane:
bet-lat, s.f. Arbour, bower.
H betan [S. ], s.m. Hire, wages,
A bait, s.f. Abode, house, temple, edifice; pittance, reward; profession, livelihood,
couplet, distich, verse (in poetry):baitu`l-lh, subsistence; silver.
s.m. lit. 'The house of God'; the temple of
Mecca:baitu`l-harm, s.m. lit. 'The sacred H btn [bt = Prk. (), or
house'; the temple of Mecca (=baitu`l-lh): (), fr. =S. , p.p.p. rt. ], v.n. To
baitu`l-al, s.m. Necessary, privy:baitu`s-
saqar, s.m. The infernal abode, hell:baitu`sh- pass, elapse, expire (as time); to come to pass,
sharaf, s.m. The mansion of eminence; the take place, occur, happen, befall, arrive; to
undergo, suffer, endure:bt-jn, v.n. To pass
highest mansion (of a planet, &c.):baitu--
away, pass over, &c.:bt-nc-hr, adj. (f. -),
anam, s.m. Idol temple: baitu`l-ml, s.m.
Passing, transient, temporary.
Public treasury or exchequer; escheat, property
that falls to the crown through failure of heirs;
the effects of one who dies intestate; H byathit [S. ], part.
confiscated property; (met.), an unfortunate Pained, distressed; alarmed.
fellow:al baitu`l-ma`mr, bait-i-ma`mr, s.m.
A house in heaven, or in the sky, over against H bthi, bth [S. ], s.f.
the qa`ba of Mecca (as believed by the Row, line; road; terrace in front of a house;

445
stall, shop;a sort of drama; a division of the comfort; without any trouble, labour, or
planetary spheres (comprising three asterisms). exertion; easily:baihe-baihe, adv.=baihe-
bih`e, q.v.; (also) through continued sitting
H byatt [S. ], part. Passed, idle or unoccupied, through inactivity:baih
elapsed, &c. (=bt; see btn). ro, s.f. Pension (not current):baihe rahn,
v.n. To sit down, &c.
H b, s.f.=bh, q.v.
H baihn, = H
H b [S. , rt. ; or ], s.f. A baihrn, = H baihln, (caus.
factitious salt containing sulphur (=bi-lava). of baihn), v.t. To cause to sit down, to cause
to be seated, to seat; to cause to settle down, to
settle, establish; to found; to station, fix, place;
H b, s.f.=bt, q.v.
to apply; to set, plant; to calm, becalm, allay,
assuage; to press down, make flat or even (also
H be [S. ; or ], s.m. Son, written bihn; bihlan, q.v.):baih den,
boy, child; a form of address used by faqrs baihl den, v.t.=baihn, baihln.
towards their els or disciples:be bann,
bet kar-len, v.t. To adopt a son (syn. god H baihrn, = H
len):be-be, s.m. Children, family,
baihn, = H baihln, (caus.
offspring:be-kh`, s.m. A father who
survives his son:bee-pote-wl, s.m. (f. -), of baihn), v.t. To cause to sit down, to cause
Grandfather; a man who has children:bee- to be seated, to seat; to cause to settle down, to
wl, s.m. (f. -), Father of the bridegroom. settle, establish; to found; to station, fix, place;
to apply; to set, plant; to calm, becalm, allay,
assuage; to press down, make flat or even (also
H bean, s.m.=benan, q.v.
written bihn; bihlan, q.v.):baih den,
baihl den, v.t.=baihn, baihln.
H bn [b = Prk. (), or
(), fr. (for )=S. , p.p.p. H baihln, = H
of rt. +], v.t. To pour out, spill; to scatter. baihn, = H baihrn, (caus.
of baihn), v.t. To cause to sit down, to cause
H beu`, bew (dim. of to be seated, to seat; to cause to settle down, to
settle, establish; to found; to station, fix, place;
be), s.m.=biw, q.v. to apply; to set, plant; to calm, becalm, allay,
assuage; to press down, make flat or even (also
H bh [S. , rt. ], s.f. written bihn; bihlan, q.v.):baih den,
Excrement, dung (especially of birds). baihl den, v.t.=baihn, baihln.

H beh, s.f. (?), Sandy unproductive H baih`o, s.m. Allocation,

soil. situation, position.

H baih (from baihn), s.f. Value of H baih`, s.f. Seating; settling;

the government share of produce; amount allaying, &c.
settled on the land.
H baihak, s.f. = H
H bh [S. ], s.m. Annular
baihk, s.m. [S. +; rt. ], Act or state
cushion put on the head to carry a pot of water,
of sitting, posture; seat, bench; place where
&c. (syn. b; inw).
people meet to sit and converse, assembly-
room, forum; reception-room; bottom (of a
H baih (perf. part. of baihn), part. thing; syn. ped); a kind of gymnastic exercise
adj. Seated, sitting; settled, settled down; fallen (=baihk); a ceremony performed in honour of
in (as a roof, &c.);s.m. Paddle (for rowing a some spirit:baihak-na, s.m. Chamber,
boat):baih rahn, v.n. To remain sitting, to hall, or house where meetings are held,
sit; to give up (attempting a thing), to desist: assembly-room, house of relaxation, club-
baihe-bih`e, adv. Sitting quietly; while house;baihak den, v.t. To make an offering
comfortably seated: in a state of ease and at a temple or mosque in fulfilment of a vow.

446
 sprout:bj-khd, s.m. Advance of seed and
H baihk, s.m. = H food to agriculturists:bj-rut, s.f. Sowing
season, seed-time:bj-kos, s.m. Seed-vessel,
baihak, s.f. [S. +; rt. ], Act or state of pericarpium:bj-gait, s.m. Algebra:oj-
sitting, posture; seat, bench; place where people gait np, s.m. Algebraic or analytical
meet to sit and converse, assembly-room, geometry:bj-mr, s.f. Failure of
forum; reception-room; bottom (of a thing; syn. germination:bj-mr dhart, s.f. Land on
ped); a kind of gymnastic exercise which seed does not germinate:bj ns karn
(=baihk); a ceremony performed in honour of (-k), To destroy, annihilate:bj ns hon, v.n.
some spirit:baihak-na, s.m. Chamber, To be utterly destroyed, to become extinct:
hall, or house where meetings are held, bj-wr, s.m. Perquisites of the lower classes,
assembly-room, house of relaxation, club- consisting of a portion of seed-corn from the
house;baihak den, v.t. To make an offering field.
at a temple or mosque in fulfilment of a vow.
H bjbar-khan[S.
H baihk, s.f. A kind of ], s.m. A forest.
gymnastic exercise (=baihk, q.v.).
H bjr [S. +], adj. Seedy;
H baihln, v.t.=baihana,
abounding in seed (a soil), full of seed (fruit,
baihlna, q.v. &c.=bijr, bijl, bijail, qq.v.).

H behan [S. ], s.m. The H bj`, s.f. Perquisite of a

envelope in which cloth, lace, &c. purchased is certain allowance of seed-grain.
folded up, and to which the purchaser is
entitled; pack-cloth, wrapper.
H bjar, adj.=bjr, q.v.;s.m. A
description of soil in which the cereal grains are
H baihn [fr. S. , rt. ],
generally grown.
v.n. To seat oneself, sit down, be seated, be
unemployed or idle; to sit, brood, incubate; to
H bjak [S. ], s.m. Ticket tied
alight, settle, perch; to ride (on, -par); to
subside, settle, abate; to pair, couple (a bird); to to goods, or on bags, to mark their contents,
obtain employment or service; to be laid out or price, &c.; list, invoice, inventory, catalogue;
expended (on, -par); to visit a person in grief for assets, effects.
the purpose of condolence; to sit in dharn
(q.v.):baih-jn, v.n. To sit down; to settle H baijil, s.m. A species of black
down; to fall in or down (a house, wall, &c.). pulse.

H baihu`, baihw, adj. H bjn [S. ], s.m. Fan

Having a flat bottom, flat. (=bijn):bjn uln, bjn oln, v.t. To
fan.
H be (fem. of be, q.v.), s.f.
Daughter, girl:be-beho`r, s.m. Matrimonial H baijant [S. ], s.f.
alliance, intermarriage:be den (-ko), To Flag, standard, banner; the standard of
give one's daughter (to, in marriage):be- Vishnu:baijant, baijant-ml, s.f. A kind of
wl, s.m. Father of the bride:be-wl, s.f. garland; the necklace of Vishnu (composed of
Mother of the bride. five gems produced from the five elements of
nature, viz. the sapphire, from the earth; the
H beiy (dim. of be), s.f.=biiy; pearl, from water; the ruby, from fire; the topaz,
from air; and the diamond, from space or
be, qq.v.
ther).

H bj [S. ], s.m. Seed; germ;

H bej, bj, s.m.=bijj, q.v.
source, primar. cause, origin; sperma genitale
(viri aut mulieris); son;advance of seed to
agriculturists:bj bon, bj jamn, bj ln H bejwr, s.m.=bj-wr, q.v.s.v.
(-k), To sow seed; to sow the seed (of), to bj.
cause, engender:bj jamn, v.n. To germinate,

447
H bejh [S. +], s.m. Butt or reconciliation (=bi-bi`o):b-bi`o karn
mark for archers. (-me), To interpose, mediate; to intercede; to
arbitrate, settle, adjust, reconcile, pacify:b-
badal kon, s.m. Alternate angles (syn. zwiya-i-
H bejhar, = H bejha, = mutabdala):b-badal nisbat, adv.
H bejha, bejh, [S. ], Permutando:b-barbar zor, s.m. Parallel
s.f.m. Mixed crop, mixed grain (generally forces:b-barbar sikhar k, s.f. Parabola:
wheat and barley, or grain and barley). b barbar khet, s.m. Parallelogram (syn.
mutawziyu`l-al):b-barbar lakr, s.f.
H bejha, = H bejhar, = Parallel lines (syn. samnntar rekh; utt-i-
mutawz):b bol, s.f. Middle language or
H bejha, bejh, [S. ], dialect; mixture of Urd and Hind:b pan,
s.f.m. Mixed crop, mixed grain (generally v.n. To differ; to raise a quarrel between:b
wheat and barley, or grain and barley). jagah, s.f. Middle point:b-akkar uk,
s.m. Sector of a circle:b-k kon, s.m.
H bejha, bejh, = H Vertical angle (syn. zwiya-e-darmiyn:b-
k ungl, s.f. Middle finger:b-k rs, adj.
bejhar, = H bejha, [S. ],
Middling; mediocre; passable:b-ke ghae-
s.f.m. Mixed crop, mixed grain (generally k, adj. The very best; strong (wine, &c.):b-
wheat and barley, or grain and barley). k lakr adh-ka, s.m. Diagonal:b-me n,
b-me pan, v.n. To interpose, intervene,
H bejha, bejh, adj. Mixed; of a interfere; to negotiate (in a bargain, marriage,
mixed race, mongrel. &c.); to be surety or security (for):b-me
den (-ko), To give a pledge:b-wl, adj. &
H bjhn [S. ; rt. ], s.m. (f. -), Situated in the middle or between;
the middle one, &c. (=biauliy, q.v.):bo-
v.t. To tear up the earth with the horns or hoofs
b, s.m. & adv.=b--b, q.v.
(a bull); to push, shove, shoulder;v n. To be
worm-eaten, be cankered.
H b (from b), s.m. Mask, visor.
H bjhoniy, s.m. Name of a
tribe of Rjpts in Jaunpur. H be (v.n. of ben), s.m. (f. -),
Seller, one who offers for sale (=be);
H bjhery, s.m. Name of a tribe selling (used in comp.):be-b, s.f. Buying
and selling, trade, commerce:be likhn (-
of Rjpts in the district of Gorakhpur.
par), be karn, To endorse (a bill, &c.).
H bj, bej, s.f. Weasel;
H br (from b), s.m. Bed for
mongoose, Viverra Ichneumon (syn. ne`ol).
growing plants to be transplanted.
H bj [S. ], adj. & s.m. Having
H ben [S. , rt. , with
seed; sowing seed;sower; parent, father,
progenitor. ; or caus. of bikn), v.t. To sell, dispose of; to
endorse (a cheque or bill):bene-k adhikr,
H bjsar, s.m. A species of tree s.m. Exclusive right of selling, monopoly:
bene-ke l`iq, adj. Saleable, negotiable:be-
(syn. l).
ln, v.t. (intensive), To sell off.
H b [S. 'expanse,'
H be, s.m. Seller (=be).
'amplitude'], s.m. Middle, midst, centre;
difference, interval; room, space; average,
mean;quarrel, hostility;prep. & postp. H bwn, = H
(governing the gen. with -ke), in the midst (of), bw`, s.m.=biwn, &c. and biauliy, q.v.
in, into; between, among; during; meanwhile:
b--b, bam-b, bo-b, s.m. & adv. The H bw`, = H
very middle, the very midst;in the very midst
bwn, s.m.=biwn, &c. and biauliy, q.v.
(of); in the exact middle or centre:b-bi`o,
s.m. Interposition, intervention, mediation,
intercession; arbitration, settlement,

448
H bh, = H bh, bat, adj. Fortunate:bedr-dil, adj.
s.m.=bih, q.v. Watchful, alert; quick of apprehension;bedr-
dil, s.f. Watchfulness, alertness, quickness of
apprehension:bedr hon, v.n. To awake,
H bh, = H bh, rouse up, be alert, &c.
s.m.=bih, q.v.
P bedr, s.f. Waking, wakefulness;
P be, s.f. Root (syn. ja); source, origin, vigilance, watchfulness.
extraction; foundation:be-bunyd, s.f.
Extraction, lineage, descent; foundation, H bednt [S. ], s.m. The
basis:be-kan, s.m. Extirpator, entire or complete Veda; name of a particular
exterminator; a judge (as extirpating thieves); a Hind system of philosophy and theology.
thief (as destroying the subjects):be-kan,
s.f. Tearing up by the root, eradication,
H bednt [S. ], s.m. One
extirpation, extermination:be-kan karn (-
k), To root up, destroy, eradicate, extirpate, who is conversant in the Vednta system;
exterminate:be-kan hon (-k), To be follower of the Vednta philosophy.
rooted up, exterminated, &c.
H baid` [S. ], s.f. Practice
P A ba-yad, adv. In the hand, in hand. of physic.

H bd, s.f.=bdh, q.v. H bdar, s.m. A kind of harrow

(worked by oxen to loosen the soil and remove
P bed (S. ), s.f. Willow; cane, ratan, weeds from the standing crops of young rice).
Calamus rotang:bed-bf, s.m. One who
works on ratans, basket-maker;bed-bf, s.f. P bed-astar, s.m. The castor beaver.
Weaving with ratans (as the bottoms of chairs,
and the panels of doors or windows):bed-i- A baidaq (the P. piyda arabicized), s.m.
majn, s.m. A species of willow:bed- The pawn at chess.
mushk, s.m. Musk-willow (celebrated for its
fragrance). H baidak [S. ], s.f. The practice
or science of physic (=baid`).
H bed [S. ], s.m. The sacred
scriptures of the Hinds;(The original Veda H baidik [S. ], adj. & s.m.
is believed to have been revealed by Brahm Acquainted with or versed in the Vedas;a
and to have been preserved by tradition until it reader of the Vedas; a Brhma well versed in
was arranged in its present order by a certain the Vedas.
sage who thence obtained the surname of Vys
or Vedavys, i.e. compiler of the Vedas:He H bedik [S. ], s.f. Altar;
distributed the sacred writings into four parts,
viz. 1, the Rig-veda; 2 the Yajush or Yajur- platform, (=bed).
Veda; 3, the Sma-Veda; 4, the Atharva-
Veda);divine knowledge; faith, certainty: H bedan [S. ], s.m. = H
bed-ng (veda+anga), s.m. The general term for bedan [S. ], s.f. Perception,
the six auxiliary or subordinate branches of the
knowledge, knowledge conveyed by the senses;
Vedas, viz. (1), iksh, or the rules of
pain, smart, ache, agony, torment, affliction,
pronunciation and recital; (2), Kalpa, or the
sickness, distress.
details of religious ceremonies; (3), Vykara,
or grammar; (4), hand, or prosody; (5),
Nirukti, or the explanation of difficult, obscure, H bedan [S. ], s.f. = H
or obsolete words that occur in the Vedas; (6), bedan [S. ], s.m. Perception,
Jyotis or astronomy. knowledge, knowledge conveyed by the senses;
pain, smart, ache, agony, torment, affliction,
H baid [S. ], s.m. Man of the medical sickness, distress.
caste, physician.
H
bedu`, bedw [S.
P bedr, adj. Awake, wakeful, sleepless;
watching, watchful, vigilant, alert:bedr- +], s.m. Reader of the Vedas.

449

H bdh, s.f. A (Hind) marriage brave.
ceremony in which turmeric, salt, &c. are
ground on the seventh or the third day before
the wedding.
H bedh [S. , rt. ], s.m. charm; a jewel worn in the ear;s.f. Sister;
Piercing, penetrating, breaking through;
perforation, excavation, hole, bore, crack;
depth.
H bdh, s.m. Determination of the
amount to be paid as government revenue,
settlement (syn. band-o-bast).
H bedhak [S. ], adj. & s.m. first rains have fallen: it is covered with a
Piercing, perforating; sharp;piercer, borer;
wounder, stabber.
H br [S. ], adj. & s.m. Heroic,
mighty, powerful;hero, brave man, warrior,
champion (syn. bahdur); brother; a class of
spirits employed by a magician to injure or
molest anyone; supernatural power, spell,
tusk; pasturage, pasture (local):br-bn, s.f.
A man's own wife (used in North-Western
India, particularly among the Js):br-
bandhn, s.f. A silver or gold chain worn by
women on the forehead:br-bahu, br-
bah, br-baho [S. vra+vadhu], s.f. The
red-velvet insect, the scarlet or lady-fly,
Buccella carniola (commonly called the "rain-
insect," as it makes its appearance when the
downy exterior resembling velvet, and of a
scarlet colour:syn. indra-badhu).

H bedhan, s.m. Piercing, &c. (see H ber, bair, bairi [S. ], s.m.
next). The jujube tree, Zizyphus jujuba, or Z.
scandens; the fruit of the jujube, plum; the lote-
H bedhn [S. ], v.t. To fruit, Rhamnus zizyphus (A. syn. kunr):ber-
guhl, s.m. lit. 'Plum and seed'; the whole,
pierce, por forate, bore; to wound, stab. everything, all together, good and bad; hodge-
podge:bero-me guhliy miln, To make
H bedhn, s.f.=bedan, q.v. a mess (of), to spoil, complicate, confuse.

H bedh [S. , ], = H H ber [S. ], s.f. Time, turn, bout,

bedhiy [S. +], s.m. Piercer, vicissitude; space of time, interval; delay, while
(syn. br):ber-ber, adv. Time after time, again
borer, &c.=bedhak, q.v.
and again, repeatedly, frequently, often.
H bedhiy [S. +], = H
H bair [S. ], s.m. Enmity, hostility,
bedh [S. , ], s.m. Piercer, borer, animosity, ill-will, hatred, revenge, malice,
&c.=bedhak, q.v. rancour:bair--khar, s.f. Jarring, wrangling,
quarrelling; dissension:bair bdhn, bair
H bed [S. , ], s.f. Altar or bisn, bair rakhn, bair karn (-se), To be at
raised place (made of wood and kua grass and enmity (with); to bear a grudge (against), to
prepared for an oblation for placing the vessels bear malice, to hate:bair-karne-wl, s.m.
used at a sacrifice); place or ground prepared Provoker of enmity; bearer of malice, one who
for sacrifice, altar; platform, bench (syn. owes a grudge; enemy:bair-ke rishte, s.m.
bedik). Hostile relations; (wife's) natural enemies (viz.
the saut or co-wife; the nand or husband's sister;
the ss or mother-in-law; the sisters-in-law; and
H bed [S. ], s.m. A learned
the other relations):bair len, bair nikln
Brhma; scholar, teacher. (apn), To take revenge, avenge oneself, to
retaliate:bair-yut, bair-yukt, adj. Inimical,
H baidyak [S. ], s.m.=baidak, hostile, revengeful, malicious.
q.v.
H baiyar [S. ?], s.f. A woman
H b, s.m. Mound; cluster of (in general):bayar-bn, s.f. Woman, wife
mounds. (=br-bn, q.v.s.v. br).

A bi`r, vulg. br, s.m. Well, pit. H br, s.m.=b, q.v.

450
H br, s.m. Brother (=br, bran). H bern, s.m. Grove of ber trees
H bair, ber (corr. of the English),
s.m. Bearer; valet.
P bairq, s.m.=bairaq, q.v.
H bair-kher, ber-kher, s.f.
See s.v. bair.
H bairg [S. ], s.m. Freedom
from passion or from worldly attachments,
subjection of the appetites; renunciation of
worldly pleasures, seclusion from the world;
devotion, austerity, penance:bairg len, To
withdraw from the world, renounce the
pleasures of the world; to lead the life of an
ascetic; to become a recluse in consequence of
unrequited love.
H bairg, s.m. = H pennant, ensign; flag set up on taking
bairgan, s.f. A small cross-shaped stick or
piece of iron which a Bairg places under his
arm-pit to lean upon as he sits.
H bairgan, s.f. = H H bairak, = P bairaq, = H
bairg, s.m. A small cross-shaped stick or
piece of iron which a Bairg places under his
arm-pit to lean upon as he sits.
H bairgan, = H authority to do so.
bairgn, s.f. The wife of a bairg; a female
bairg.
H bairgn, = H
bairgan, s.f. The wife of a bairg; a female
bairg.
H bairg [S. ], adj. & s.m.
Separated from passion or worldly attachments;
austere, recluse;one who has subdued his
worldly desires and passions, one who
abandons the pursuits of this world; ascetic,
devotee, stoic, recluse; a class of Hind faqrs
who roam the country and practise certain
austerities.
H bairgya, s.m. bairg, q.v. enemy (see bair).
H brm, adj. corr. of bmr, q.v. H bairang, berany (corr. from
H bern, adj.=birn, q.v.
(see ber).
H br-bau, = H
br-baho, s.f.=br-bahu, q.v.s.v.
br.
H br-baho, = H
br-bau, s.f.=br-bahu, q.v.s.v. br.
H brt [S. ], s.f. Heroism,
prowess, valour.
H br [S. s.m. Power, strength;
seed, &c. (=bj, q.v.).
P bairaq, = H bairak, = H
bairakh, s.m. Flag, standard, banner,
possession of new or unoccupied land; (hence)
taking possession of such land, or official
authority to do so.
bairakh, s.m. Flag, standard, banner,
pennant, ensign; flag set up on taking
possession of new or unoccupied land; (hence)
taking possession of such land, or official
H bairakh, = P bairaq, = H
bairak, s.m. Flag, standard, banner,
pennant, ensign; flag set up on taking
possession of new or unoccupied land; (hence)
taking possession of such land, or official
authority to do so.
H bran, s.m. Brother (=br, br).
H bra, s.m. A kind of coarse,
tough grass found covering uncultivated lands:
bran-khar, s.m. Idem.
H bairan [S. ], s.f. Female
the English), adj. Bearing (postage), unpaid.
H bro, s.m. Small tree, sapling.
451
H bru`, brw, s.m. colloq. undertaking of some difficult or hazardous
form of br, q.v. enterprise, and the person who took up the b
thereby bound himself to perform the task in
P bern, prep. & adv. Without, on the question):b st p-k, s.m. A b of
outside, out (=bhar):berna-jt, vulg. bern- seven betel leaves sent by the father of the bride
jt, s.m. Suburbs; country (in opp. to town): to the bridegroom as a sign of betrothal.
bern-jt, adj. Of or pertaining to the suburbs
or country, rustic, rural; country-bred;s.m. H be [S. ], s.m. Enclosure,
Rustic, country-man. yard, court; fence, hedge, paling, railing
(=beh); siege, blockade, body of soldiers,
P bern, adj. Outer, external, troop, army; band, association, company,
&c.=bhar, q.v. party:be bndhn (-k), To form an army,
collect a body or crowd, &c.
H br, ber, s.f.=b, q.v.;the
colour which adheres to the lips from chewing H be [S. , ; or ], s.m.
betel; a composition which, being rubbed on the Raft, float; boat; fleet (of boats or ships); timber
teeth, stains their interstices of a reddish colour. formed into a raft to be brought down a river;
the raft floated by the Mohammadans in honour
H ber [S. ], s.f. The jujube tree, of ja ir. (Besides the anniversary be
Zizyphus jujuba (=ber). offered to propitiate him, hundreds of smaller
ones with lamps may be seen on Thursdays of
H bair [S. ], s.m. Enemy, foe, the month Bhdo particularly, which are
offered by the Mohammadans to this saint):
adversary.
be pr karn, be pr lagn, v.t. To ferry
over a raft or boat; to help one over (a
H bair, s.f. Hawk, falcon (=bahr, difficulty), remove the difficulties (of, -k):
q.v.). be pr hon, v.n. To tide over a difficulty,
misfortune, or distress; to get well through a
H berz, s.m. Sum total, entire revenue of a business, to be successful.
farm; a kind of government tax.
H bem, = H
H brya [S. ], s.m. Valour,
bew, [S. ], s.f. Bread or cakes made
heroism (brj).
of flour mixed or filled with pulse or meal (syn.
beha`; ph; kaaur).
H be [S. ], s.m. Enclosure, fence,
&c. (=be, beh, q.v.):be-band karn (-k) H bew, = H
To enclose (a field), to fence, &c.
bem, [S. ], s.f. Bread or cakes made
H b (see b), s.m. A preparation of of flour mixed or filled with pulse or meal (syn.
the areca nut with spices and chunam, &c. beha`; ph; kaaur).
enveloped in a leaf of the betel plant (much
used by the natives of India, and commonly H beh [S. ], s.m. Surrounding,
presented by one to another in token of civility &c. (see behn); cattle surrounded and carried
or affection. It is also given in confirmation of a off (by an enemy) by force:beh le-jn, v.t.
pledge, promise, or betrothal; and, among the To carry off cattle by force.
Rjpts, is sometimes exchanged as a
challenge); betel, pn (ten bas = one gilau); H beh [S. ], s.m. Enclosure;
quid of tobacco; cheroot or cigar;tie,
fastening; thong tied to the hilt of a sword by fence, &c.=be, q.v.
which it is retained in the scabbard; sword-knot;
hilt of a sword:b uhn (-k), To take up H beh [S. ], adj. (f. -),
the gauntlet; to undertake to accomplish a Crooked; zigzag;behe, adv. Crookedly,
business or affair; to take an enterprise upon zigzag (cf. be).
oneself:b ln (-k), To propose a
premium for the performance of a task (the H behn [S. ], v.t. To
custom was to throw a b into the midst of an
enclose with a fence; to envelop; to surround,
assembly in token of an invitation to the

452
besiege; to drive or carry off cattle (as in a
foray); to pound (cattle, &c.).
H behn, s.f. Name of a class of
singers in Mirzapur.
endless number;adj. Numberless,
countless;in twenties; in innumerable
quantities, in countless numberr.
H bes = besh; and bhes; qq.v.

H beh, = H beha`, H bais [S. , s.f. Energy, strength,

s.f.=bew, q.v. vigour; time of health and strength, youth,
prime of life; age, time of life, stage of
H beha`, = H beh, existence.
s.f.=bew, q.v.
H bais [S. ], s.m. The third of the
H b [S. ], s.f. A flake of pn four Hind castes; a man of that caste (whose
chief duties are agriculture and trade; hence)
or betel for eating, a leaf of pn or betel folded agriculturist; trader;name of a tribe of
up into a triangular form with pieces of areca
Rjpts:bais-w (S. vaiy+vika), s.m.
nut, spices, chunam, and cardamoms inside of it
The residence of Bais (a prince of the bais
(=b; syn. khill). tribe); the nativity of Bais. (The province of
Baisw is situated in Oudh, and is so named
H be [S. 'tie, fastening'], s.f. from a tribe of Rjpts named Bais who
Ring worn round the ankle; irons fastened to the formerly resided there. A prince of the tribe
legs of criminals, or of a quadruped; fetters; formerly reigned at Duniy-khera, and his
thread tied on the ankles, a dark blue thread or dominions extended over a great part of the
cord tied round the ankles of children (as a province of Oudh, on the north bank of the
charm); (met.) nuptial tie, wedlock;basket Ganges).
used to irrigate fields with:beiyn bharn (-
me), beiy pahnn, beiy ln, To put H bs, s.m. A score;an animal
fetters (on the feet of), to put in chains; to cause (commonly a dog) which has twenty nails.
to be put in chains;beiy pan, v.n. To be
put in irons; to be chained; to be tied in
H bes, s.m.=bhes, q.v.
wedlock:beiy kan (-k), To have the
fetters or chains taken off; to be freed from
restraint, to be discharged or released. H bais, bes [S. ], s.f. A
female of the bais caste.
H biy, s.f. Name of a class of
harlots. H bais (perf. part. of baisn), part.
adj. Seated; settled, &c.=baih, q.v.
H beiy, s.m. Name of a caste of
Hinds. H baiskh [S. ], s.m. The
first of the twelve months constituting the
H beiy, s.f. dim. of be, q.v. Hind solar year (answering to April-May).

P bez, act. part. (of betan; rt. Zend vij; S. H baiskh, s.m. A club
vij or vi), Sifting; diffusing, dispersing (used consecrated to the month Baiskh; a club bound
in comp.). with iron; a crutch (syn. bairg).

P be-zr, adj. See s.v. be.

H bs [S. ], adj. Twenty;
superior (to), more excellent:bs--sau, adj.
One hundred and twenty:bs-bhu, s.m. lit.
'Having twenty arms'; the monster Rva:
bs-biswe, s.m., adj. & adv. The whole village;
full amount; full crop;whole, complete,
total;on the whole; in all probability, very
likely; surely, certainly:bso, s.m. Scores;
H baiskh [S. ], adj. &
s.f. Of or relating to the month Baiskh;
growing in Baiskh;the day of full moon in
the month of Baiskh; the crops of Baiskh;a
large kind of myrobalan or citron;a club; a
crutch (=baiskh).
H bais (from baisn), adj.
m.f. Sitting still, sedentary, inactive, idle, lazy.

453
H baisn (fem. of bais), s.f. A H besan, besn, adj. & s.f. Made
female of the bais caste. of, or mixed with, besan;bread, &c. made of
besan and wheat-flour.
P bst [Zend vaiti; S. ], adj.
Twenty (=bs, q.v.). H baisn (fem. of bais), s.f. A
female of the bais caste.
P besitn, bstn, s.m. Name of a
celebrated mountain in Persia which Farhd dug H besw [S. ], s.f. Prostitute,
through at the command of his mistress Shrn.
harlot, courtesan; crafty or cunning woman.

H bsar, Gleanings left in the field

H baisaw, s.f.=bais, q.v.
for the lower orders to gather.
H bais-w [S. +],
H besar [S. ; P. besra], s.m. A
s.m. See s.v. bais.
mule.
H bswn [S. +], adj.
H besar [S. +], s.m. Small heavy
Twentieth:bswe, adv. In the twentieth place,
nose-ring (syn. nak-besar).
twentiethly.

H besr, = P besra, s.m.f. (?),

H bsodh (bs+laund), s.m.
A small species of falcon; merlin; sparrow-
Twenty days of an intercalary month (for which
hawk (syn. ikr. Forbes, on what authority I
it is the custom among bohrs or money-lenders
cannot discover, states that it is the female of
to cut off the interest); the interest so cut off.
the species called dhot).
H bs (see bs), s.f. A score; a
P besra, = H besr, s.m.f. (?),
certain measure of grain; a land-measure
A small species of falcon; merlin; sparrow-
equivalent to twenty nals.
hawk (syn. ikr. Forbes, on what authority I
cannot discover, states that it is the female of
the species called dhot). H besy, s.f.=besw, q.v.

H baisak (from baisn; cf. baihak), P besh, adj. More; greater; good, proper,
well; better, superior, excellent, preferable;
s.f. (prov.), Sitting, seat;a spot in a jungle to
elegant; delightful:besh az besh, adj. & s.m.
which cattle are sent out to graze, grazing
Very much, a great deal:besh bah, besh
ground;adj. & s.m.f. (prov.), Old, worn out;
qmat, adj. Of great price or value, costly,
ill, sick;old and worn out animal.
precious:besh qarr, adj. Trustworthy:
besh-o-kam, adj. & adv. Not much, moderate
H baisln (caus. of baisn), quantity; more or less.
v.t.=baihn, q.v.
H bai, s.m.=bais, q.v.
H besan [S. ; or ], s.m.
Flour or meal of pulse (particularly of an; P besh, s.m. See besha.
commonly used as a substitute for soap).
H baikh, s.m.=baiskh, q.v.
H baisn, v.n. (prov.) To sit down,
&c.=baihn, q.v.;also=paihn, q.v. H baishnas, baikhnas [S.
], s.m. Hermit, anchoret.
H baisandar [S. ], s.m.
Epithet of Agni or fire; fire. P beshtar (compar. of besh), adj. & adv.
More, most; better; exceeding;mostly, for the
H besnau [S. +], s.f. most part, usually, generally; rather (syn.
Cake made of besan or the meal of pulse. aksar).

454
H baishnav, baishnau [S. ], obtained by purchase:bai` j`iz, bai` aqq,
adj. & s.m. Of or relating to Vishnu;a s.f. Valid sale:bai` ng, s.f. Private sale:
follower of Vishnu; a kind of vagrant bai`-dr, s.m. Proprietor by purchase:bai`
mendicant (who bears the marks and insignia of szish, s.f. Collusive sale:bai` sultn, s.f.
Vishnu, and recites hymns in honour of his Sale by order of government:bai` fsid, s.f.
avatrs, especially in the forms of Rma and Sale which is null and void:bai` fareb, s.f.
Krisha):baishnavottar (vaishnava+uttara), Fraudulent sale:bai` qata` o gair-mashrta =
s.m. Lands granted rent free to the worshippers bai` kmil = bai` ka-qibla = bai` l-kalm =
of Vishnu (especially to those of the mendicant bai` mutlaq, s.f. Foreclosure of mortgage;
order). absolute, unconditional, or unrestricted sale:
bai` karn, v.t. To sell:bai`-kha, s.f. Sale,
H baishnav, s.m. Follower of selling:bai` m`d, s.f. Conditional sale:
bai`-i-n-j`iz, s.f. Illegal sale:bai`-i-nqi,
Vishnu.
s.f. Imperfect sale:bai`-nma, s.m. Deed of
sale; bill of sale; certificate of sale (=qabla-e-
P besha, bsha [Pehl. veshak; Zend varesha;
nlm):bai`-o-shara, s.m. Buying and selling;
S. vriksha], s.m. Forest, jungle; desert,
sale and purchase; transaction (syn. ard-o-
wilderness.
farot).
P besh (fr. besh, q.v.), s.f. Excess, surplus,
increase; premium; increased assessment: A P bai`na, vulg. bayn, s.m. Earnest-
besh jam`, s.f. Increase of revenue on that of money; advance:bai`na den (-ko), To give
the year preceding:besh zamn, s.f. Increase earnest-money, give money in advance, to bind
in the lands under cultivation:besh-i-lagn, a bargain.
s.m. Enhancement of rent.
P bai`at (for A. ), s.f. The act of
promising or swearing allegiance and
A bai, s.m. A mark fixed to public
obedience; submission, obedience, allegiance,
writings by the magistrate or any principal
homage, fealty; initiation as a disciple of a saint
officer.
or religious guide:bai`at karn (-k), To take
the oath of allegiance, &c.; to become a disciple
A bai (fem. of abya; rt. ' to surpass
of some saint.
in whiteness'), adj. & s.m. White; bright, clear,
clean, pure;the sun:yad-i-bai dikhn, To
distinguish oneself in any work; to do wonders, H bk [S. ], s.m. Wolf (=bik).
perform a miracle (in allusion to the white hand
of Moses). H bk [S. ?], adj. Disordered,
disturbed; distorted, crooked, awry; injured,
A P baina, s.m. The perquisite of the damaged, hurt (see s.v. bl).
magistrate, &c. for marking public papers (see
bai).
H baikl [S. ], s.m.
A baiaw (rel. adj. from baia), adj. Afternoon, evening (=bikl).
Fashioned in the shape of an egg, egg-shaped,
oval (syn. ankr); relating to eggs; made of H bekas, s.m. (?), A kind of grass
eggs. (growing in low ground: it is used for fodder).

A baia (rt. ), s.m. Egg; testicle. P be-kas, adj. See s.v. be.

A baitr (rt. ' to cut, slit'), s.m. One who H baikuh [S. ], s.m. A
practises the veterinary art, horse-doctor, name of Vishnu; the paradise or heaven of
farrier.
Vishnu; Paradise (syn. bihisht):baikuh-
bsh, s.m. Dweller of Paradise; deceased;
A bai`, s.f. Buying and selling, commerce;
baikuh-bsh hon or ho-jn, v.n. To become
selling; sale:bai`-bt, s.f. Foreclosure of
a dweller in Paradise, to go to heaven; to die.
mortgage; absolute or unconditional sale:
bai`bi`l-waf, s.f. Conditional sale or mortgage;
contract of pawn or usufruct;bai` bi`l waf- H bekh, = H bekh (poet.)
dr, s.m. A person having the possession and s.m.=bhes, q.v.
usufruct of a property on its conditional sale to
him:bai`-pa, s.m. Lease or sub-lease

455
H bekh (poet.) = H bekh, H baigant, s.f. A sort of wood.
s.m.=bhes, q.v.
H begn [beg, q.v.+S. aff. ], s.f. The
H beg [S. ], s.m. & adv. Speed, wife of a beg; lady.
celerity, haste, rapidity; violence,
impetuosity;dung;with haste, speedily, H bgh [S. ], s.m. A land-
quickly, soon.
measure equal to about five-eighths of an acre.
(The ka bgh varies from a fourth to a third
P beg (by imla for bag; Old P. baga; Zend
of an acre):bgh-dm, bgh-sar, bgh-wr,
bagha; S. bhaga), s.m. Lord, master; a Mogal bghe-gail, Rate per bigh.
title corresponding with the English Lord.

P be-gr, s.m. Compelling to work for H bghau, s.f. Land

nothing; compulsory labour with or without
pay; impressment of workmen, carriage, &c.;
a person forced to labour (=be-gr):be-gr
pakan, v.t. To press into service with or
without pay:be-gr aln, v.n. To work in a
half-hearted or perfunctory manner; to work
carelessly.
P be-gr, s.m. A person pressed into
service, forced labourer, one pressed to carry
burdens for individuals or the public;s.f. The
act of pressing or forcing to work:be-gr-
pakel, s.m. One compelled to work, a pressed
man:be-gr len, v.t. To take forcibly (with
or without pay), to press.
P be-gnag, s.f. Strangeness, the being dysentery).
foreign or not domestic; estrangement; shyness.
P be-gna (=S. vi+gua), adj. & s.m. (f. -
), Strange, foreign, another, not related, not
domestic, not an acquaintance or friend, alien,
unknown;stranger, foreigner:be-gna-o,
adj. Of an unfriendly, or savage disposition:
be-gna-wa`, adj. Strange-mannered:be-
gna-wa`, s.f. Strangeness of manners.
H bgh, s.m.=bgh, q.v. Bereaved, affiicted, desolate, disconsolate:
H bega, s.m. Gold tinsel; tin-foil; embroidery (on cloth, &c.): flowered border:
varnish.
P begam (fem. of beg, q.v.), s.f. Lady;
queen: a title of Mogal ladies.
P begm (dim. of begam), s.f. A young come to perfection; to flourish, prosper.
lady of rank.
H begin [S. ], adj.=beg, q.v. jasmine, Jasminum zambac;vessel, well; spot
H baigan, s.m. The egg-
plant=baigan, q.v.
measurement; rate per bgh;adv. Per bgh
(see bigah).
H beg [S. , ], adj. &
adv.=beg, q.v.;s.m. Courier, express; a hawk.
H bl, s.m. Hole, &c.=bil, q.v.
H bel, bl [S. ], s.m. The
wood-apple or Bel-tree, gle marmelos, and its
fruit:bel-pt, bel-pattar, s.m., bel-patt, s.f.
Leaf of the Bel-tree (employed as an offering to
iva):bel-phal, s.m. Fruit of the Bel-tree,
wood-apple:bel-gir, s.f. Pulp of the Bel or
wood-apple (used medicinally for diarrha and
H bel, beli [S. , ], s.f.
Any climbing or creeping plant, creeper,
climber, vine; tendril; offspring, issue,
descendants; strings, rows, or festoons of
leaves, &c. hung round a room or tent;
embroidery, flowered tissue; cutaneous disease,
eruption;money given by the spectators to a
dancing-girl, or to a player:bel-bal, s.m.
The plant Basella alb:beli-birah, adj.
bel-b, s.m. Shrubs and creepers; flowers or
bel-phaln, v.n. To bear fruit, have offspring; to
attain one's precise or utmost wish:bel-suh,
s.m. The plant Trigonella corniculata:bel
mahe ahn, v.n. A creeper to climb to the
top (of); to reach the top or summit (of); to
H bel [S. ], s.m. The Arabian
in which the receiving pans are placed when
sugar is manufactured:bel-b, s.m. Jasmine
shrub or creeper (see s.v. bel, 'creeper').
P bel, s.m. Spade, shovel, hoe, mattock,
pickaxe; line of a road or a walk marked out

456
with a spade; border; pole for directing a boat
(cf. ball):bel-dr, s.m. Digger, one who uses H beln, = H belan, [S.
a spade, pioneer.
, rt. ], s.m. A cylinder of wood, metal,
H bail [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. or stone for levelling walks, spreading dough,
or inking the surface of type; roller; rolling-pin.
Bullock, ox; (Astron.) Taurus; (met.)
Blockhead, fool:bail-begri, s.m. Bullocks
impressed for the public service:bail-k arb, H beln, v.t. To spread out, roll into
s.f. Beef suet, tallow:bail-g, s.f. Bullock- a flat cake, to laminate.
cart.
H beln, s.f. A small rolling-pin; a
P bl, vulg. bel, s.m. Money to be bolt; a branch.
distributed in charity:bela-bardr, s.m. One of
the retinue of a great man who scatters money
H bel, adj. & s.m. Rolling; a roller.
among the populace, almoner:bel bn,
v.t. To give alms:bel ban, v.n. To be
distributed in alms:bel-ar, s.m. Alms. H bel [S. , ], s.f. Creeper,
charity; eleemosynary charges or account. &c. (=bel, q.v.).

H bel (see bel), s.m. The shrub or H bel [S. ; or ], s.m.

flower Jasminum zambac; shallow cup (syn.
kaor); an instrument of music resembling a
fiddle.
H bel [S. ], s.f. Time, while,
period, moment, season.
H bail, adj. Barren (a cow).
Preserver, guardian, protector, supporter
(applied to the Deity).
H bail, s.f.=bahl, q.v.
P bm [Pehl. bm; Z. bma, rt. b, 'to frighten';
S. bhma, rt. bh], s.m. Fear, terror, dread;
danger, risk.

H bm [S. +; P. bma], s.m.

H bail, s.m. A species of bird.
Insurance, money paid for the insurance of
goods; rate of insurance:bm-uhne-wl,
H blr, s.m.=bilr, q.v. s.m. Insurer, underwriter:bm bene-wl,
s.m. One who insures, insurer:bm-dr, s.m.
H bel`on (from bail), v.t. Insurer, &c.=bm-uhne-wl:bm karn (-
(Prov.), To collect cattle. k), To effect an insurance or policy, to
insure:bm-wl, s.m.=bm-dr; bm-
P belak, s.m. = P bela, s.m. = P uhne-wl:bme-k anad, s.f. Policy of
belak, s.f. (dim. of bel), A small mattock or hoe, insurance:bme-wle-k koh, s.f. Insurance
a spade;belak, s.f. The iron point of an arrow. company, insurance office.

P bela, s.m. = P belak, s.m. = P H bemt [S. ], s.f.

belak, s.f. (dim. of bel), A small mattock or hoe, Stepmother:bemt-bh`, s.m. Brother born
a spade;belak, s.f. The iron point of an arrow. of a different mother by the same father, half-
brother (by the father's side).
P belak, s.f. = P belak, s.m. = P
bela, s.m. (dim. of bel), A small mattock or
H baimtra [S. ], s.m.=bemt-
hoe, a spade;belak, s.f. The iron point of an
arrow. bh`, q.v.s.v. bemt.
H belk (from bail), s.m. Cattle-
P bmr, adj. & s.m. Sick, ill, ailing,
breedor; grazier. unwell, indisposed;sick person, patient;
(poet.) love-sick person, a lover:bmr-purs,
H belan, = H beln, [S. s.f. Inquiring after the sick, visiting the sick:
, rt. ], s.m. A cylinder of wood, metal, bmr-na, s.m. Hospital:bmr-dr, s.m.f.
Attendant on the sick, sick-nurse:bmr-dr,
or stone for levelling walks, spreading dough,
s.f. Attendance on the sick, nursing the sick.
or inking the surface of type; roller; rolling-pin.

457
P bmr-na, adj. & adv. Sickly; like one to see, give sight to; to impart the faculty of
sick. discernment to (-ko).

H bm, s.m.=bm, q.v. H ben, s.m.=bihn; behn, q.v.

H baimn, corr. of be-mn, q.v.s.v. H ben [S. ], s.m. A fan

be. (=bjn).

P H bm` (from bm, q.v.), adj. H ben [S. ], s.m. The grass
Insurance, pertaining to insurance:bm` Andropogov muricatum (commonly called
ih, s.f. Insurance, policy (=bme-k anad). as).

H bema`u, s.m. Ant's nest. H bain, ben (cf. baid), s.m.

An ornament (consisting of a small circular
P bma (rel. n. from bm), s.m.=bm, q.v. plate of gold with enamel work) worn by
women on the forehead.
H bn [S. ], s.f. The Indian lute (a
fretted instrument of the guitar kind usually H bain [S. ], s.m. Sweetmeat,
having seven wires or strings, and a large gourd cakes, &c. distributed at marriages and other
at each end of the finger-board). ceremonies, &c. (=b`en, q.v.).

P bn [imperat. of ddan, rt. Zend van; S. P bn` (see bn), s.f. Eye-sight, sight,
or ], part. adj. Seeing, beholding, vision.
looking, regarding (used in comp.).
H bet, s.f. Cane, &c.=bet, q.v.
H ben, beu, bai [S. ],
s.f. Reed, bamboo; reed-pipe, pipe, flute, fife. H byutn, = H
byutwn, (caus. of byotn), v.t. To have or
H bain, adj. Left=by, q.v., bai- get clothes cut out, sewn, or made up.
hatth, adj. Left-handed.
H byutwn, = H
H bain, bayan [Prk. ; S. byutn, (caus. of byotn), v.t. To
], s.m. Sound, word, speech, saying have or get clothes cut out, sewn, or made up.
(=bn); weeping, lamenting (for the dead);
lamentation, wailing. H be [S. , or ], s.m. The
circular or turned handle of any weapon or
A bain, s.m. & prep. Separation, interval, instrument; handle.
distance between;between, among:bain-
bain, adj. Betwixt and between, intermediate H bai, s.m.=ben.
(between good and evil, &c.); middling,
mediocre, passable, tolerable, indifferent;
H bj, s.m.=bj, q.v.
A baiyan, s.m. Explanation, de scription,
interpretation. H benjan, s.m.=binjan, q.v.

A baiyin, adj. Clear, lucid, evident, manifest.

H baijn, bejn, adj.
H bn [S. ], s.f.=bn, q.v. Purple=baign, q.v.

H b, s.m. &c.=b, q.v.

H bnn, v.t. See bnn.

P bn [Pehl. vn; Zend. van 'to see'; S. H ben, v.t.=ben, q.v.

ven], part. adj. Seeing, having sight; clear-
sighted, discerning:bn karn, v.t. To cause H bd, s.m. Reed; rush (cf. bedhn).

458
H bd, s.m.=b, q.v. H biy, s.m. A third ox yoked
before a pair of draught oxen, or a fifth yoked
H baid [S. +
], s.m. Mark before two pairs.
placed on the forehead by Hinds preparatory
to devotion (syn. tilak; ikl; cf. bain, baid; H bais, s.m. A subdivision of the
bd). Gjar tribe.

H bdh [S. ], s.m. Piercing, P bnish (see bn), s.f. Seeing, sight;
discernment.
boring; perforation, hole.
H beg [S. ], s.m. Frog,
H bdhn, bedhn [S.
paddock, toad (syn. meak).
], v.t. To pierce, perforate, bore, make
H byag [S. ], s.m. Sarcasm;
a hole through or in: to string (pearls, beads,
covert but intelligible expression of suspicion or
&c.); to pierce or wound with sharp speech, to
contempt.
say cutting things to.
H bengat, s.m. Grain advanced to
H bedhn [fr. S. ; cf. b,
cultivators, seed lent for sowing.
ben], v.t. To plait, braid; to fold (behn).
H baingan [S. ], s.m. The
H baind, bed (dim. of baind),
egg-plant, Solanum melongena, and its fruit,
s.f. An ornamental circlet made with a coloured brinjal (=baigan).
earth or unguent on the forehead and between
the eyebrows; an ornament or fillet worn by
women on the forehead (=bain, q.v.). H baigan, or baign, adj. Of the
coloar of baigan, purple (=baijn).
H b [S. ], s.f. Heap, bundle (as
of straw, rushes, &c.), load (of straw, &c.), H baig, s.f.=bahang, q.v
truss (of hay).
H bnn [bn, or bin = Prk.
H b [S. +], s.m. Bundle, (), or ()=S. (), or (),
&c. (=b); roll (of paper, &c.); twist of grass
or fibre of a plant (used as a substitute for a rt. ], v.t. To pick, glean, gather, cull, pluck; to
rope). pick out, select.

H bca, baia, b [S. P bn (see bn and bna), s.f. Nose, snout;

the part of a door-leaf which overlaps the other;
], adj. (f. -), Crooked, transverse, rib of wood fixed on a door-panel to strengthen
athwart, across (=beh, q.v.); awkward, it; the guard of a sword:bn-burda, adj.
untoward, unmanageable, difficult, hard; cross- Having the nose cut, nose-clipt, noseless
grained, churlish, rude, rough, uncivilized, (=nak).
uncouth;s.m. The (wooden) bolt or bar placed
across a door to fasten it. P bn (see bn and bn), s.f. The act of
seeing or regarding (used in comp.)
H behn, v.t.=bedhn, q.v.
H , ben [S. ], s.f. Braided
H b [S. , rt. ], s.f. The hair hair, the hair twisted into a single unornamented
braid and allowed to fall on the back (as worn
twisted or plaited behind; braided hair; queuc, by widows and women whose husbands are
tail:b gdhn, v.t. To form the hair into absent, as a token of mourning;syn. b);
plaits or braids. the conflux or meeting of two or more streams
in a common point of union (as that of the
H bai, s.f. Throwing up water Ganges and Jamna at Allahabad):ben-
with a basket from a pond or reservoir for the mdhab, s.m. A particular square-shaped idol or
purpose of irrigation.

459
stone image of a god at Allahabad; a proper book:byor den, byor karn (-k), To
name. relate, describe; to inform, intimate:byore-
wr, be`ore-wr, adj. & adv. Circumstantial,
H beniy, s.f. Dim. of ben, q.v. detailed, explicit, distinct, clear, plain;
circumstantially, in detail, explicitly, &c. (syn.
H bew, s.f. Widow (=P. bewa, q.v.). tafl-wr; bi`t-tafl).

H bew-p, = H bew-pan, s.m. State H baiwart [S. ], s.m.

or situation of widowhood; widowhood.
H bew-pan, = H bew-p, s.m. State
or situation of widowhood; widowhood.
H bewr, s.m. (local) = byor, q.v.
Revolution; change or modification of
existence.
H baiwasth [S. ], s.f.
Legal opinion, judgment or decree according to
Hind law (syn. fatw).

H bewn [S. ], s.m. The H biyog [S. ], s.m.

vehicle or self-moving car of a Hind deity; &c. Separation (esp. of lovers); unrequited love
(=bimn q.v.). (=bijog).

H baiwhik [S. from H biyog [S. ], s.m. A

], adj. & s.m. Of or relating to marriage, lover suffering the pain of absence.
matrimonial, nuptial;wedding; the parent of a
daughter's husband, or of a son's wife H byot [S. , ++ ;
or ], s.m. The act of cutting out clothes;
H bew`, s.f. Widowhood (=bew-p,
out, fit, shape, fashion; plan, scheme,
bew-pan)
contrivance; suitable or proper time or season,
opportunity; agreement, concurrence, union;
H byopr, byaupr [S. economy, frugality.
], s.m. Traffic, trade, business, labour
(=baipr; byohr). H byotn, be`otn
(see byot), v.t. To cut out or shape clothes; to
H byopr, byaupr, measure for, or to fit, clothes;to cut up, hack,
kill, slay.
be`opr [S. ], s.m. Dealer,
trader, merchant (=baipr). H byon, s.m.=byot, q.v.

H byot, s.m.=byot, q.v.

H byon, v.t.=byotn, q.v.
A buyt, s.f. pl. (of bait), Houses.
H byog, s.m. An instrument
A buytt (pl. of the pl. buyt), s.f. with which leather is scraped and cleaned:
Household expenses, account of household byog phirn (-par), To be curried (leather);
expenses; house-taxes, &c. (=btt, q.v.). is-par byog nah phir, His hide has not
been curried yet (said cf a spoiled child, &c.).
H byotn, = H
byon, v.t.=byotn, q.v. H byog, s.f. Dim. of byog,
q.v.
H byon, = H
byotn, v.t.=byotn, q.v. P bewa [Zend, veva; S. ], s.f. Widow
(=bew).
H byor, byaur, be`or
[S. , rt. with and ], s.m. H byohr, byauhr,
Difference, distinction; account, explanation, be`ohr [S. ], s.m. Profession,
history, circumstantial or detailed account calling, trade, business; dealing, traffic, trade,
(=tafl); news, tidings, intelligence; day-

460
transaction; money-lending; negotiation, Collection on shares of the revenue in kind:
correspondence, intercourse; practice, usage, behr-band, s.f. An allowance for repairing
custom, conduct, practical life:byohr karn, roads, &c.:behr-dr, s.m. The holder of a
v.n. To do or transact business, to trade; to set share called behr.
up business; to negotiate (with), deal or treat
(with); to bargain. H beha, bha [S. +; or be-
hal, 'unploughed'], adj. & s.f. Uncultivated;
H byohr, be`ohr, uneven (land), rugged, rough, cut up, raviny;
adj. & s.m. Mercantile, commercial; wonted, broken ground, land broken into ravines, rugged
customary, usual;trader, merchant; party or rough land or soil; sterile land, land not
engaged in any business or affair; money- brought under cultivation, waste land; jungle,
lender. forest.

H byohar, be`ohar, s.m. P be-hush, Poet. contrac. of be-hosh,

q.v.s.v. be.
Loan.
H behl, s.m. corr. of P. bl, bel, q.v.
H byohar, be`ohar = H
byohariy be`ohariy H behan, bhan (see bihan), s.f.
[S. ], s.m. Trader, money-lender; Nursery for rice plants; advances given for
creditor. seed-gram.

H byohariy H behn, behinn, s.m.

Carter (of cotton;=bikn or behn, q.v.).
be`ohariy = H byohar,
be`ohar [S. ], s.m. Trader, money- H behnaur (bihan+S. vika), s.m.
lender; creditor. Nur sery for rice plants (=behan).

P bw, s.f. Lady (=bb, q.v.); an P be-hda-g (abst. subst. from next), s.f.
epithet of Ftima, the daughter of Mohammad Absurdity, foolishness, folly, foolery; frivolity
(to whom Mohammadan women make nonsense, vanity, unprofitableness.
offerings which none but a chaste woman dare P be-hda, adj. Absurd, vain, idle,
touch). unprofitable, fruitless; senseless, foolish, silly,
stupid, nonsensical, frivolous; indecent,
P bew, s.f. Widow (=bewa):bew-zan, improper, obscene, foul, gross, immoral:be-
s.f. Idem. hda-go, s.m. Talker of nonsense, babbler;
coarse or obscene talker, foul-mouthed
fellow:be-hda-go`, s.f. Idle talk, talking
H baya [S. ], s.f. Age; time of life.
nonsense, absurdity, frivolity; obscene talk,
scurrility.
H beh [S. ], s.m. Perforation, hole. H beh, s.m. (Poet. or emphat.)=beh,
q.v.
H behn, s.m.=bihn, q.v. H beh, s.f. Earthen vessel presented by
the potters of a village to a newly-married pair.
P be-huda, adj. contract. of be-hda, q.v. P bhn, adj.=bihn, q.v.
H byay [S. ], s.m. Disappearance,
H behar, adj. & s.f.=beha, q.v.
loss, destruction; expenditure, disbursement,
expense, consumption, use; squandering,
H behr, s.m. Grass kept for wasting.
pasturage. H baiy, s.m. The weaver bird (=bay,
q.v.).
H behr, s.f. Contribution, H byay-hr [S. +], s.m.
subscription, instalment; assessment on a share; Expenditure, &c. (=byay, q.v.).
distribution of an aggregate sum; cess, impost
(=bihr), behr bdhn, v.n. To raise money by
subscription; to subscribe:behr-bar, s.m.

461

H pe, pa, the third letter of the Hindstn
and Persian alphabets, and the twenty-first
consonant of the Ngar alphabet,the first
letter of the fifth or labial class,having the
sound of the English p: (It does not occur in the
Arabic alphabet; but the letter fe is substituted
for it in Persian words adopted into the Arabic
language, thus frs for prs): It is occasionally
interchanged with b,
e.g. pog for bog; upan for uban: In
reckoning according to the abjad, pe is the
same asbe, viz. two:pa-kr, s.m. The letter or
sound pa:pa-varg, vulg. pa-barg, s.m.
The p series, the labial series of consonants.
S pa (rt. p, 'to drink') adj. & s.m. (f. p),
Drinking; drinker (used as last member of
comp., e.g. dwi-pa, s.m. lit. 'Twice-drinking';
the elephant).
S pa (rt. p, 'to protect'), adj. & s.m. (f. p),
Protecting, guarding, cherishing, nourishing,
ruling;protector, &c. (used at the end of
comp., e.g. bh-pa, s.m.lit. 'Earth-protector';
sovereign, king).
S pa, s.m. Air, wind; olus, the god of the
wind.
H pa (contract. of pana or p), adj. Five
(used only in a few compounds, as pa-ser, s.f.
A weight of five seers).
H p [S. aff. ], A masc. affix bed to raise it and give it a sloping position:
(=pan, pan) employed in forming abstract
substantives from adjectives and substantives,
as buhp, 'old age,' 'senility,' frombh,
'old'; mup; 'fatness,' from mo, 'fat.'
H p, past. conj. part. (and root, of pn,
'to get, &c.'), Having got or obtained (=p-
ke, p-kar).
P p [Pehl. pi; Zend pdha; S. pda], s.m.
Foot; leg; foot or root of a tree, &c.:p-
andz, s.m. Carpet spread at the entrance of a
room for cleaning the feet on, door-rug:p
ba-zanjr, adj. Fettered, in chains:p-busa,
s.m.=p-bos, q.v.:p-band, adj. & s.m. Tied
by the leg; clogged, fettered, bound, restrained;
encumbered (with a family, &c.);one who is
restrained or bound, a servant; a rope with
which the forefeet of a horse are tied; fetters:
p-band hon (-k), To be clogged or fettered,
&c.; to be bound (by), be ruled or guided (by),
to observe, follow, conform (to); (met.) to be
married:p-band, s.f. The state of being
bound, &c.; restriction, restraint, check, control;
observance, practice, rule:p-bos, s.m. lit.
'Kissing the feet'; adoring, worshipping,
revering, paying (one's) respects to (=qadam-
bos);p-bos hon (-k), To adore, worship,
reverence, &c.:p-bos, s.f. Kissing the feet;
worship, reverence, adoration;p-bos
karn (-k), To worship, adore, &c.:p-posh,
s.f. 'Covering the foot'; slipper; shoe;p-
posh-par mrn, v.t. To make light of; to care
for nothing:p-piyda, adv. On foot, afoot,
walking:p-tba, s.m. Sock; stocking:p-
turb, s.m. Change of ground or place;
following quick; first stage of a journey (more
com. p`e-turb; syn. prasthn):p-turb
karn, v.n. To change (one's) residence; to send
baggage or other articles the first stage of a
journey (on the propitious day or moment on
which the traveller himself cannot begin his
journey):p-jma, s.m. Trousers, long
drawers (more com. p`e-jma, pai jma):
p-darz, adj. lit. 'Having the feet extended'; at
ease, contented, tranquil:p dar rikb, adj. lit.
'Having the foot in the stirrup'; ready, prompt,
alert:p-rikb, adj. & s.m. Ready to start;
ready, &c. (=p dar rikb);retinue, train,
followers (more com. p`e-rikb):p-zeb,
s.m.f. (?), An ornament worn on the feet or
ankles (consisting of a chain with small bells
attached):p-shikasta, adj. lit. 'Having the
legs broken'; infirm, reduced, in broken
circumstances, powerless, helpless:p-shoya,
s.m. Washing of the feet (particularly with a
medicinal fluid in cases of fever):p-lagz,
s.m. Slip, stumble; (met.) error, blunder, sin:
p-lakr, p-lak, s.f. Blocks of wood, or
wooden saucers, placed under the feet of the
p-lahang, s.m. Tether; halter:p-ml, adj.
Trodden under foot, crushed, ruined, destroyed
(more com. p`e-ml);p-ml karn, v.t. To
trample on; to destroy; to lay waste:p-ml
hon (-k), To be trampled on (by); to be
ruined, &c.:p-ml, s.f. Beating down by
treading, destruction, ruin, devastation:p-
mard, s.f. Strength; resolution; valour:p-
moz, s.m. A species of pigeon (having the legs
covered with feathers):p-yb, adj. & s.m.
Within (one's) depth, fordable;a ford;p-
yb utarn, v.n. To cross by fording, to ford (a
river, &c.):p-yb, s.f. Quality of being
fordable.
P p, act. part. (of p`dan, 'to last,' &c.;
see p above), Lasting, continuing, standing
(used only as last member of comp., e.g. kam-
p, 'Of short duration'; der-p, 'Lasting,
durable, permanent').
H pb (p-p), s.f. Wick; pledget, &c.
(=batt, q.v.
S pp, s.m. Evil, sin, vice, crime,
wickedness, transgression, guilt; immorality,
adultery, fornication:pp-tm, adj. & s.m.f.
462
Of a wicked or vicious disposition, sinful, s.m. Liberation from sin, absolution, pardon,
criminal, reprobate;sinner, reprobate, salvationpp mol-len, v.n.=pp bisn,
wretch:pp-r, adj. & s.m. Following an q.v.:pp-n, adj. Sin-destroying,
evil course of life, wicked, vicious;wicked or purifying:pp-hrak, pp-har, adj. Removing
vicious person:pp-ara, s.m. Pursuit of evil; sin-destroying:pp-yukt, adj. Connected
sin or vice;pp-ara karn, v.n. To lead a with sin, sinful.
life of sin:pp-dhn, adj. In subjection to H pp, s.m. Weevil, an insect bred in
sin, &c.:pp udai hon, v.n. To reap the rice (=pir).
reward of sins committed in a former birth: P pp, s.m. Father (=bb); the Pope.
pp-buddhi, adj. Evil-minded, of corrupt
intellect, sinful, ungodly, wicked, depraved, H ppar, =
graceless:pp bisn, pp kamn, pp mol- H ppa, [S. ], s.m. Crust, thin
len, v.n. To commit sin, do wrong; to hug a layer; scale, scab; thin crisp cake made of any
sin; to bring calamity (upon):pp-pati, s.m. pulse (esp. of mg); thin light soil, fertile
Paramour. gallant:pp-purush, s.m.
soil:ppa beln, v.n. To roll out thin crisp
Personification of all sin:pp-phal, adj.
cakes; to undergo great hardship or suffering; to
Bearing evil fruit, having evil consequences;
labour hard on insufficient means; to eke out a
inauspicious:pp ahn, pp lagn (-ko), To scanty livelihood.
be stained with sin, to sin, to commit sin:pp-
el, s.f. The creeping plant Clypea H ppa, =
hernandifolia:pp-dar, adj. & s.m. Looking H ppar, [S. ], s.m. Crust, thin
at faults, censorious;a malevolent person: layer; scale, scab; thin crisp cake made of any
pp-drivan, adj. & s.m. Conscious of sin, pulse (esp. of mg); thin light soil, fertile
knowing an act to be wicked;one who is soil:ppa beln, v.n. To roll out thin crisp
conscious of sin; one who is conversant with cakes; to undergo great hardship or suffering; to
sin:pp-dukh, s.m. The misery, or the labour hard on insufficient means; to eke out a
punishment, consequent on sinning:pp dr scanty livelihood.
karn, pp kn (-k), To put away sin, to
H pp [S. +], s.m. The
wipe out sin, to pardon, grant absolution or
deliverance from sin:pp dr hon, pp plant Gardenia latifolia; the plantain, Musa
kan, v.n. Sin to be blotted out, to be pardoned paradisiaca;the fruit of the hk tree (also
or absolved:pp-rog, s.m. Any bad disease written pappa, papa,papu):pp-khr,
(as leprosy, small-pox, syphilis, &c.) and ppa-khr (S. parpaa+kshra), s.m.
considered as the penalty of sin in a former Ashes of the plantain tree used instead of salt
life:pp-sammit, adj. Equally sinful:pp for seasoning the cakes called ppa.
kn = pp dr karn, q.v.:pp kan = pp S ppishha, adj. (superl.), Most
dr hon, q.v.:pp-krak, pp-kr, pp- wicked; very wicked or sinful.
kar, pp-kart, pp kartri, s.m. Sinner,
S ppin, adj. & s.m.=pp, q.v.
criminal, guilty person:pp-krit, s.m.=pp-
kar, q.v.; (also) evil action, misdeed, crime: H ppin, ppan, s.f. contrac. of next,
pp karn, v.n. To sin; to commit adultery or q.v.
fornication:pp kamn, v.n.=pp bisn, S ppin, vulg. ppn (fem. of pp),
q.v.:pp-khanan, s.m. The annihilation of
s.f. Female delinquent, wicked woman.
sin:pp-grah, vulg.pp-girah, s.m.
Inauspicious planet; any ill-omened aspect of S pp, adj. & s.m. Sinful, wicked, bad,
the heavenly bodies (such as the conjunction of guilty (of, -k); cruel, hard-hearted;sinner,
the sun or Budh with the moon in her last criminal.
quarter); Rahu, Saturn, Mars;calamity, H ppiy, adj. & s.m.=pp, q.v.
misfortune, fatal destiny:ppa-ghna, adj.
Destroying, effacing, or expiating sin:pp H ppiy, s.m. A species
lagn, (-ko), To impute fault (to), to blame, of Ricinus (?); the papan (=papaiy, q.v.).
charge, accuse; to calumniate:pp lagn, S pt, s.m. Falling; sin, wickedness.
v.n.=pp ahn, q.v.:pp-mn, adj. Sinful,
S pt, s.m. Flying, mode of flying,
bad, wicked:pp-mnn, v.n. To confess sin
or fault:pp-mati, adj.=pap-buddhi, q.v.; flight; throwing oneself into or down, falling,
pp-mat, s.f. Sinful woman:pp-mukti, adj. fall, downfall.
& s.m. Liberated or absolved from guilt; one H pt [S. ; Prk. ], s.m. Leaf (of a
who has been freed from sin or crime:pp- tree, book, &c.) draught or cheque on a banker;
moksha, vulg. pp-moan or pp-mohan, any thin leaf or plate of metal; an ornament

463
worn in the upper part of the ear:pto- S pttrat, s.f. (m. -twa), The
lagn, v.n. Leaves to fall (in autumn); (met.) to quality of preserving from sin; the power or
have one's power or endurance exhausted; to be function of a preserver.
reduced to destitution or misery; to have one's
patience tried or exhausted (by the scorn of a H pturiy, s.f. Harlot, &c.
beloved person):pt-band, s.f. Statement of (=ptur);s.m. Whoremonger (=ptur-bz).
the assets and liabilities of an estate:pt- S ptak, s.m. That which causes to
kiram, pt-krim orkrimi, s.m. lit. 'Leaf-worm'; fall or sink; sin, crime, guilt;uncleanness,
caterpillar. impurity, defilement, pollution:ptak lagn,
P pt [Zend ptar; S. ptar?; cf. pd-shh], v.n. To be touched with anything unclean, be
s.m. Throne. defiled or polluted; to be stained or sullied (the
H pti, s.m.=pati; and pti; qq.v. character).
H pt [S. ], s.m. S ptik, vulg. ptak, s.m. The
Leaf=pt; patt; q.v. Gangetic porpoise, Delphinus
S pt, adj. & s.m.=ptri, q.v. gangeticus (syn. ss).
H ptuk, vulg. ptak, adj. &
H pt [S. ], part. adj. Watched,
s.m. Falling frequently or habitually, apt or
protected, preserved. disposed to fall; falling, or losing caste;
S ptl, s.m. One of the seven declivity of a mountain, precipice;an aquatic
regions under the earth and the abode of animal of a large size; (fig.) the water-elephant.
the Ngas or serpents and demons; hell, the H ptak [S. +], =
infernal regions;hole, chasm, excavation;
submarine fire;a sort of apparatus for H ptakw [S. ++] s.m.
calcining and subliming metals (formed of two Letter-bearer, messenger.
earthen pots, the upper one inverted over the H ptakw [S. ++] =
lower, and the two joined together by their
H ptak [S. +], s.m. Letter-
necks with cement and placed in a hole
containing fire):ptl-gang, s.f. The Ganges bearer, messenger.
of the infernal regions. S ptak, adj. & s.m. Fallen, sinful,
S ptit, part. Lowered, humbled, guilty, criminal;sinner, criminal.
overthrown; depressed, downcast. H ptil, s.m.=patla, q.v.
H ptar, ptur [S. ], s.f. S ptil, s.f. A kind of small earthen
Prostitute; dancing-girl:ptur-bz, s.m. pot used by religious mendicants;
Whoremonger. (=patl, patla, qq.v.).
H ptar, ptur [S. ], adj. H ptan [S. +?], s.f. Shoe,
Spare, emaciate, thin, lean; weak (=patl). slipper.
H ptar [S. ; or ], s.m. Moth, S ptanjal, adj. & s.m.
butterfly. Composed by Patanjali;the Yoga system of
S ptra, ptr, vulg. ptar, s.m. & adj. philosophy (first taught by Patanjali).
Vessel (in general), goblet, bowl, cup, plate, S pth, s.m. Water (=jal).
dish, jar, pot; utensil; receptacle, recipient,
H pthar, s.m. Stone=patthar, q.v.
repository, proper object; what holds or
supports; king's counsellor or minister; the bed S pthas (in comp. ptho), s.m.
of a river; a leaf;capable, worthy, fit, eligible, Water (=pth):ptho-j, pthoj, s.m. lit.
deserving, able; accomplished (used in comp.). 'Water-born'; a lotus:ptho-da, pthod,
S ptri, adj. & s.m. Drinking; s.m. lit. 'Water-giver'; a cloud:ptho-dhar,
drinker;protecting, nourishing; protector, &c. s.m. lit. 'Water-bearer'; a cloud:ptho-
dhi, ptho-nidhi, s.m. lit. 'Receptacle, or
S pttra, s.m. Preservative from sin;
treasure-house, of waters'; the ocean.
preserver, saviour.
H pthn [S. per met.; cf.
S ptrat, s.f. (masc. ptratwa), The
H. thpn], v.t. To make up cowdung into cakes
condition of being a receptacle or a recipient; for fuel.
capacity, fitness, propriety, worthiness, dignity.
S ptheya, s.m. Provender or
S ptrit, s.m. The plant Ocymum
provisions for a journey, viaticum.
pilosum.

464
H pt [S. ], s.f. Leaf; leaf on H pan [S. , rt. +], s.f.
which anything has been written, letter, note, Roofing; roof, &c. (see pn);city, mart;
epistle, document, &c.; sign, trace, clue name of the city of Patna.
(=pat). S pin, s.m. A species of fish
H ptl, = (described as having many teeth).
H ptla, [S. ], s.m. A wide-mouthed H pn (see pan), v.t. To lay
saucepan or cauldron (=patl). planks, &c. (across), to board (a floor); to roof,
H ptla, = cover, shut or close in; to fill, fill up (a well,
H ptl, [S. ], s.m. A wide- hole, ditch, &c.); to overstock, heap, pile,
mouthed saucepan or cauldron (=patl). accumulate;to water, irrigate; to pay.
H p, s.m.=ph, q.v. S ptav, adj. & s.m. Clever, sharp,
dexterous;sharpness, acuteness, intensity,
S p (rt. pa), s.m. Breadth, expanse, energy; cleverness, skill, dexterity, talent;
extension; width or breadth (of cloth, of a river, quickness, precipitation.
&c.); (in Geom.) the intersection of a produced H popal, s.m.=pal-opal,
side of a figure and a perpendicular on it, or the
figure formed by such intersection. q.v.s.v. pal.
H p [S. ; ], s.m. Slab, tablet, S pavik, adj. Clever, adroit,
board, plank, shutter; fold or leaf (of a door); dexterous; cunning, crafty, fraudulent.
throne, seat, stool; one of two millstones (either pn, paun (from p
H
the upper or the lower); the stone or plank on n), s.m. A ferryman.
which Indian washermen beat clothes;bed or S ph (rt. pah), s.m. Reading,
plot in a garden or field, terrace; one part, side,
or edge of two pieces of cloth; folding clothes perusal, study, recital (esp. sacred study); text
or laying them in order;earthen hoop or brace of reading; lecture; lesson, task:ph-bhu, s.f.
to prevent a well from falling in; the horizontal Place where the Vedas are read or studied:
beam to which the bullocks are attached in a ph pahn, ph karn, v.n. To read, study; to
sugar or oil mill, also the place where the driver repeat or revise a lesson; to recite or repeat
sits; sack or load of corn;silk cloth; cocoon of daily portions of the Vedas, &c.:ph den(-
silk;the plant Corchorus olitorius (from the ko), To give a lecture (to):ph-l, ph-
fibres of which sacking and cordage are made); sl, s.f. Reading-room, lecture-hall, school-
tow:pt-ambar (S. paa+ambara), s.m. Silk house, college, primary (Hind) school:ph-
cloth; silk garment:p-rn, p mahish, s.f. lin, ph manjar, s.f. A particular small
The queen who is installed or consecrated with bird, Graculus religiosa:ph-guru, s.m.
the king, principal wife of a rj, queen- Reading-master; professor of elocution;
consort:p-kirm, p krim, s.m. Silk-worm. preceptor, teacher, schoolmaster:ph-
H p [S. ], s.m. Plank, board, vn, ph-vant, s.m. A learned person.
bench; slab or plank on which washermen beat H ph [S. ], s.m. Young, full-
clothes (=p). grown animal (commonly a goat, deer, or an
S pal, adj. & s.m. Pale-red, of a elephant; syn. pah, pah); a robust youth; a
young wrestler.
pink or rose colour;pale-red hue, pink, rose-
colour, redness;the trumpet flower, Bignonia H phn, s.m. Bdellium.
suaveolens;a species of rice that ripens in the S phit, part. Instructed, taught,
rains:pal-opal (pala+upala), s.m. The lectured.
ruby.
S phak, s.m. Reader, lecturer,
S pal, s.f. The trumpet
preceptor, tutor, teacher, professor; spiritual
flower, Bignonia suaveolens. preceptor; a Brhman who reads in public
S pali, pal, s.f.=pal, the Puras or other sacred works of the
q.v.;name of a city:pali-putra, s.m. Hinds; a panit who declares what is the law
Name of the capital of Magadh (near the or custom according to the sacred writings; a
confluence of the Son and Ganges), supposed to title of Brhmans.
be the ancient Palibothra and the modern Patna. S phik (fem. of phak), s.f.
H pambar, s.m. See s.v. p. Female student; female lecturer.
H pan, s.m. (Braj) pl. of p, 'slab' S pahik, phik, s.f. A small
&c., q.v. shrub, Abrus precatorius.

465
H ph-mr (perhaps for b- animals) found in fields and jungles
mr), s.m. Courier or messenger sent from (syn. kane).
place to place. S pal, adj. Aiding or promoting
S phan, s.m. Reading; lecturing, digestion.
teaching. S pan, adj. & s.m. Ripening,
S ph, adj. & s.m. Knowing, maturing, suppurative; digestive, &c. (=pak,
conversant with;a Brhman who has finished q.v.);a medicinal preparation, an infusion of
his studies; one who has read or studied (any various drugs (chiefly carminatives or gentle
subject), student; one who gives lessons, stimuli) given to bring the vitiated humours in
teacher, professor;the plant Plumbago fever, &c. to maturity; a decoction, sort of diet-
zeylanica;a kind of fish. drink; the bile, &c. (=pak):expiation,
penance; fire:pan-akti, s.f. The digestive
S phn, s.m.=phak, q.v.;a power.
kind of sheat-fish, Silurus pelorius or Boalis. H pn, s.m.=pan;
S phya, part. adj. To be read, v.n.=pan;and v.t.=phn; qq.v.
perused or studied, worth reading; to be taught, S panak, s.m. A sort of diet-
needing instruction; legible, admitting of being
read. drink; borax.
H p [S. ; ], s.f. S pan, s.f. A species of
Side-pieces of a bedstead; a kind of board on myrobalan, Terminalia chebula.
which children learn to write; a kind of mat P p-a, s.m. Sheep's foot; foot.
(=stal pi); parting of the hair in the middle of H ph [S. ], s.m. Kicking out
the head; a kind of sweetmeat. with the hind legs (a horse).
S p, s.m.=pin, q.v. H ph (see next), s.m. Scarifying;
S p, s.f. Arithmetic. incision; inoculation; incision made in the
poppy head for the opium to ooze out.
S pr, s.m. Sandal; a pungent root, a
H phn [fr. S. ;
kind of radish.
rt. with ], v.t. To scarify, cup, lance,
P & H pj [S. ], adj. & s.m.
puncture, to inoculate, to make an incision (in).
Low, mean, vile, contemptible, grovelling,
worthless;low fellow, vile wretch; fellow; H phil, =
scoundrel, rascal:pj-parast, s.m. A H phl, adj. (Braj.)=pihl, q.v.
patronizer of mean upstarts:pj mizj, adj.
Of a mean disposition, mean-spirited, base- H phl, =
souled. H phil, adj. (Braj.)=pihl, q.v.
P pajiyna, adj. Meanly, basely.
H phe, phai, =
H pj-pan, =
H phe, pahai, adv.=phe,
H pj-pan, s.m. Meanness,
q.v.
vileness; mean-spiritedness; low or base
conduct; rascality, villainy. H phe, pahai, =
H pj-pan, = H phe, phai, adv.=phe,
H pj-pan, s.m. Meanness, q.v.
vileness; mean-spiritedness; low or base H pd [S. ], s.m. Breaking wind, a
conduct; rascality, villainy. fart:pd--non, s.m. Black salt (used to
H p, adj.=p, q.v. remove flatulence, &c. It is prepared by fusing
common salt with a small proportion of
S p, s.m. Emerald. myrobalans and sulphur; syn. kl namak; bi-
S pak, adj. & s.m. Cooking, lavan):pd-ghbr, adj. lit, 'Startled by a
fart'; easily frightened, timorous, frightened out
concocting, aiding or effecting digestion,
of one's wits:pd mrn, pd lagn, pd
digestive, solvent, stomachic, tonic; causing to
ripen;the bile (which assists in digestion); a hon, pd urn, v.n. To let a fart, to fart
digestive, stomachic, solvent;a cook. (=pdn).
P pak, s.m. Cowdung dried for fuel S pda, pd, s.m. Foot; leg; root of a
(syn. upl):pak-i-dasht, s.m. Dry dung (of tree; foot of a mountain; hill at the foot of a
mountain; bottom of a bag

466
(syn. pw, p, p`e);ray, beam;fourth
part, quarter; (in Pros.) fourth part of a loka,
stanza, or verse; line of poetry:
pdrdha (pda+ardha), s.m. Half a quarter, an
eighth; half a line of a stanza:
pdrghy (pda+arghya), lit. 'Offering to the
feet'; donation to Brhmans or venerable
persons:pdsan (pda + sana), s.m.
Footstool:pd-ght(pda+ghta), s.m. P pdsht, = P pdsh, s.m.
Blow with the foot, kick; trampling:
pdngushh (pda+an), s.m. The great toe:
pdngushhik, s.f. Ornament or ring worn on
the great toe:pdngul (pda+an), s.f. A
toe:pd-hat, pdahat (S. pda+hat), part.
adj. Struck with the foot, kicked; trodden;
touched with the foot:pda-pa, pdap,
s.m. lit. 'Imbibing nourishment with the foot or
root'; plant, tree;footstool, cushion for the
feet (lit. 'Protecting the feet'):pda-p, pd-
p, s.f. Slipper:pdap-ruh, s.f. Climbing
plant; parasitical plant:pd-prakshlan, s.m.
Washing the feet:pd-pram, s.m. Bowing
to the feet, prostration:pd-prahr, s.m. A
kick:pd-ph, s.m. Footstool (=pdsan): pdshh-zd, s.f. Princess.
pda-tal, s.m. Sole or lower part of the foot;
adv. As low as the feet; under the feet:pda-
ja, pdaj, s.m. lit. 'Born from the foot (of
Brahma)'; a dra, a man of the fourth and
servile tribe:pda-palya, s.m. lit. 'Foot -
unsteadiness'; fidgeting or shuffling with the
feet:pda-r, adj. & adv. Going on foot,
walking; on foot, afoot:pda-r, s.m.
Walker, footman; foot-soldier:pda-atvar,
s.m. The religious fig-tree, Ficus religiosa:
pda-dr, s.f. lit. 'Foot-rending'; chap in the
foot, chilblain, kibe:pda-dhvan, s.m.
Washing the feet:pda-rohan, s.m.lit.
'Growing from roots'; the Indian fig-tree:
pda-spho, s.m. Sore or ulcer in the foot;
chilblain, kibe:pd-sev, s.f. pd-sevan, s.m.
Touching a person's feet as a mark of
respect; pd-kh, s.f. lit. 'Branch of the foot';
a toe:pd-abd, s.m. Sound of feet,
footfall:pd-oth, s.m. Swelling of the feet,
gout:pd-kaak, s.m. Ornament for the feet or
ankles, anklet:pd-grh, s.m. lit. "Seizing
the feet'; humble or servile person;pd-
graha, s.m. Touching the feet of a Brhman,
or of a superior, a mode of respectful
salutation:pd-gandir, s.m. Morbid
enlargement of the legs and feet:pd-ml,
s.m. The heel:pd-vn, pd-vant, s.m.=pd,
q.v.:pad-valmk, s.m. Elephantiasis (=pd-
ganir):pdodak (pda+udaka), s.m. Water
for washing the feet; water in which the feet of
a Brhman have been washed:pd-hrak,
s.m. One who seizes or steals anything with his
feet:pda-ht, part. Struck with the feet;
kicked; trodden on; touched with the feet:
pda-harsh, s.m. Numbness or tingling of the
feet after pressure upon the crural nerves.
H pdrth, s.m.=padrth,
q.v.s.v. pad.
P pdsh, = P pdsht, s.m.
Reward, recompense, compensation,
satisfaction, requital, retribution, retaliation,
revenge.
Reward, recompense, compensation,
satisfaction, requital, retribution, retaliation,
revenge.
H pdr-k, s.m. An insect
which constructs a hole in the ground as a trap
for ants on which it feeds; the ant-lion.
PORT. pdr, s.m. Christian priest,
clergyman, minister, chaplain, missionary.
P pd-zahr (S. +?), s.m.
Antidote, Bezoar stone.
P pdshh [pd = pt, 'throne,'
q.v.+shh, q.v.], s.m. King, &c.=bdshh,
q.v.:pdshh-zda, s.m. King's son, prince:
P pdshhna, adj. &
adv.=bdshhna, q.v.
P pdshhat, s.f.=bdshhat, q.v.
P pdshh, adj. & s.f.=bdshh, q.v.
P pdshah, contrac. of pdshh, q.v.
S pduk, adj. & s.m. Having feet;
going with feet;any creature that goes on feet.
S pduk, s.f. Wooden shoe; shoe,
slipper; sandal.
H pdn [S. ], v.n. To break
wind, to fart;to acknowledge one's
inferiority; to succumb; to turn tail.
S pd, s.f. Shoe, slipper.
H pd [S. +], adj. & s.m.
Addicted to farting;one who farts, farter
(=padd, pado).
S pdodak [S. +], s.m.
See s.v. pda.
S pdvik, s.m. Traveller, wayfarer.
H pdh [S. ], s.m. Tutor,
teacher, schoolmaster; priest.
S pd, adj. & s.m. Having feet,
footed; entitled to a fourth part or share;a
footed creature; a footed aquatic animal, an
amphibious animal.
H pd, s.f. (local), Rice in the husk,
paddy.
S pdya, s.m. Water for washing the
feet:pdyodak (ya+ud), s.m. Idem:pdya-
ptra, s.m. A metal vessel for washing the feet.
467
H ph, s.m.=pdh, q.v. S prpr (pra+apra), s.m.
H ph, s.m.=ph, q.v. The nearer and further bank (of a river, &c.),
both banks; sea, ocean;adv. Through and
H ph, s.f.=ph, q.v. through, on both sides, entirely
S pr, s.m. & adv. (gov. gen. with -ke, if (=prwar, wr-pr, r-pr).
the postp. is expressed), Further bank, or S prar, s.m. Name of the poet
opposite shore or side (of a river, lake, &c.); the Vysa; the rules of Vysa for the conduct of the
other side, concluding bound; the end or limit mendicant orders.
of anything, termination, conclusion; utmost S prar, s.m. The religious
limit or extent or reach; bottom, innermost
mendicant or Brhman who, having passed
depth, inmost recess; first turning up or
through the three stages of student,
ploughing of land;over, across, on or to the
householder, and ascetic, leads a vagrant life
other or further side, through, beyond:pr
and subsists on alms.
utrn, v.t. To put or take across, to put or ferry
over; to carry through, cause to reach the end, S prwr, s.m. & adv.=prpr,
&c. (see next):pr utarn, v.n. To go or get q.v.
across (esp. the ocean of existence), to cross; to S prwat, s.m. Pigeon
reach the end; to accomplish, get through; to
(=parew); a species of ebony, Diospyros
succeed, gain one's end:pr pn, v.n. To get
glutinosa.
to the bottom (of), to fathom, to sound:pr
pn, v.n. To come to an end, be over:pr- S prwat, s.f. The fruit of
darak, adj. Transparent:pr-drivan, adj. the Annona reticulata;a form of song peculiar
Long-sighted, far-seeing, wise, prudent:pr to cowherds;name of an Indian river.
karn, v.t. To cross over, to ferry across or S prya, s.m. Crossing over;
over; to pierce, go through and through, totality, completeness, entirety;study; the act
transfix; to carry through, finish, accomplish, of reading a Pura continually (or of causing
get to the end (of, -ke); to relieve; to succeed, it to be read) without expressing its meaning;
win, gain (in gambling):pra-ga, prag, adj. reading or going over entirely.
& s.m. Going to the opposite shore, crossing
over, going through or over or across or to the S pryaik, s.m. A reader of
end; intending to cross; completely mastering, the Puras; reader, lecturer.
thoroughly well versed in, knowing, clever, H prbat, s.f.=prvat, q.v.
skilful, expert, able;one who has arrived at
the end, &c.:pr-gat, part. adj. & s.m. Passed H pr-brahm, s.m.=par-brahm,
over in safety, crossed; passed beyond the q.v.
world; pure, holy;one who has reached the S pri-bhvya, s.m. Name of
opposite shore; one who has passed beyond the a drug, a sort of Costus, Costus speciosus.
world; (with Jains) an Arhat or deified saint or
S pri-bhadra, s.m. The coral
teacher:pr lagn, v.t.=pr utrn, q.v.:
pr lagn, pr hon or ho-jn, v.n. To be tree, Erythrina indica; the Nm-
carried across, to reach the shore; to be tree, Azadirachta indica; a species of
completed, finished, or accomplished; to go pine, Pinus devadaru; the saral, Pinus
through and through, penetrate, permeate; to get longifolia.
well through, be successful, to succeed; to S pri-ptra, s.m. Name of one
survive; to go away, be off, escape, attain of the seven principal mountain-ranges of India
refuge:pr-wr, and wr-pr, adv. On both (the central or western portion of the Vindhya
sides (of a river, &c.); from end to end, through chain which skirts the province of Malwa).
and through, quite through. S pri-panthik, s.m.
P pr (S. , or ), adj. Past, last; next:
Highwayman, robber, thief.
pr-sl, s.m. Last year; next year. S pri-tathy, s.f. String of
H pr [S. ], s.m. Quicksilver,
pearls for binding the hair; a trinket worn on the
mercury;adj. Heavy, weighty:pr forehead where the hair is parted.
bharn, pr piln (me, -ko), To fill or load S pri-toshik, adj. & s.m.
with quicksilver; to make heavy:pre-k
kfr, s.m. Calomel. Gratifying, delighting, making happy,
satisfactory, consolatory;reward, gratuity
H pr, s.m.=pahriy, q.v. (given as a token of satisfaction).

468
S prthakya, s.m. Severalty, The tree Hibiscus
populneoides or populneus;the tulip tree:
individuality, separation, separateness,
pras-nth (S. prva+ntha), s.m. Name of
singleness, difference, variety.
an Arhat; the Jain pontiff;name of a mountain
S prthiv, adj. & s.m. Earthen, in Bengal.
earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth, P prs, pras, pris (Zend pra;
springing or derived from the earth, earthy; S. prasa), s.m. Persia.
ruling or possessing the earth;dweller on the P prs, adj. & s.m.f. Abstemious,
earth, inhabitant of the earth; lord of the earth, temperate, continent, chaste, pure, virtuous,
king, sovereign;an earthen vessel. holy;chaste or pure man or woman; holy
S pri-jt, s.m. The coral man, devotee, anchorite.
tree, Erythrina indica; name of one of the five P prs`, s.f. Abstinence,
trees of paradise (which was produced at the temperateness, continence, chastity, purity,
churning of the ocean). virtue, holiness.
S pr-jyik, s.m. An H prswa, s.m.=prva, q.v.
adulterer. S prsik, adj. Persian
H pr, s.m. Reservoir or trough (=prs; prsk).
into which water drawn from a well is emptied. P prs, adj. & s.m. Persian; native of
P prt, s.m. Irreg. pl. of pra, q.v. Persia, a Persian; a follower of Zoroaster;s.f.
P pra (dim. of pra), s.m. Fragment, The Persian language.
piece, scrap; piece of cloth, rag; cloth, web. S prsk, adj.=prsik; prs.
H prh, s.m.=pr, q.v. S prishad, adj. & s.m. Pertaining
S prad, s.m. Quicksilver=pr, q.v. to an assembly;king's companion; retinue of
a god; an attendant; person present at an
H pra-drjya, pr- assembly, spectator.
drjya [S. ], s.m. Adultery. S prav, s.m. Iron, an iron
S pra-drik, pr-drik, s.m. weapon;name of a mixed caste, the son of a
Adulterer. Brhman by a dra woman; son by another's
wife, adulterine, bastard.
S pra-deik, pr-deik, =
S prva, s.m. Side; part of the body
S pra-de, pr-de, =
below the arm-pit, the ribs, the side;adv. By
S pra-deya, pr-deya, adj. & the side (of, -ke), near (=ps):prva-bhg,
s.m. Of or belonging to another or foreign s.m. Side, flank:prva-l, s.m. Spasm of
country, &c.=pardes, q.v. the chest; stitch in the side:prva-stha, s.m.
One who stays at or near the side of another:
S pra-de, pr-de, =
prva-ga, s.m. An attendant:prva-gat, adj.
S pra-deik, pr-deik, = Close to, beside:prva-vart, adj. & s.m. At
S pra-deya, pr-deya, adj. & the side, attendant, adjacent;an attendant.
s.m. Of or belonging to another or foreign S prvik, adj. & s.m. Of or
country, &c.=pardes, q.v. pertaining to the side, lateral;sidesman,
S pra-deya, pr-deya, = partisan; associate or companion.
S prushya, s.m. Roughness,
S pra-deik, pr-deik, =
violence, abuse, contumelious speech;
S pra-de, pr-de, adj. & misdemeanour;aloe-wood or agallochum.
s.m. Of or belonging to another or foreign S prak, adj. & s.m. Purifying;
country, &c.=pardes, q.v. protecting, cherishing; pleasing;enabling
H pras [S. ], s.m. Touchstone (one) to cross a river, or to get through the
(for gems); philosopher's stone (which, world; getting through, accomplishing.
according to Hind legend, immediately H prak [S. +], adj. Completely
converts into gold any metal it touches): familiar or conversant with, knowing
pras-patthar, pras- thoroughly, well versed in; skilful, expert,
patthal (S. spara+prastara, s.m.=pras. clever, able.
H pras [S. ] , s.m. Side, rib, &c. S pri-kksh, s.m. One
used only in comp.):pras- who gives himself to devout contemplation,
ppal (S. prva+pippala), s.m. contemplative saint, ascetic.

469
H prakh, = thurifera; the tree Grislea tomentosa, or Celtis
orientalis.
H prkh, [S. ; ],
S prvatya, adj. & s.m. Living
s.m. Examiner, tester, discriminator, judge,
or dwelling in the mountains; mountainous;
critic, connoiseur.
mountaineer; epithet of a particular sovereign
H prkh, = ruling in the mountains.
H prakh, [S. ; ], S prva, s.m. lit. 'Belonging or
s.m. Examiner, tester, discriminator, judge, relating to the parvan'; the general funeral
critic, connoiseur. ceremony to be offered to all the manes at
S pra-ga, prag, adj. & s.m.=prak, the parvan or conjunction of the sun and moon
q.v. See also s.v. pra, pr. (at which double oblations are offered, three
cakes to the father, paternal grandfather and
S pra-gata, pr-gat, part. adj. & great-grandfather, and three to the maternal
s.m. See s.v. pr. grandfather, his father and grandfather; and the
H pral [S. ], s.m. The crumbs of each set to the remoter ancestors in
tree Stereospermum suaveolens, or Bignonia each line):prva-rddh, s.m.=prva.
suaveolens; also S. (or B.) chelonoides. P pra, s.m. Strap; slip, piece, bit, fragment,
scrap, patch, botch:pra-pra, adv. In pieces,
S pra-laukik, vulg. pri-
piecemeal:pra-pra karn, v.t. To cut in
laukik, adj. Relating to the next world. pieces:pra-doz, s.m. Patcher, botcher;
S pramrthik, adj. cobbler, one who applies the leather parts in
Relating to a high or spiritual object, relating to tents, screens, &c.
supreme truth; of the highest importance; most H pr, s.f. Time, turn, &c.=br,
desirable, preferable, best, excellent, superior; q.v.;a cup; a large leathern vessel:pr
real, essential, true. bdhn, v.n. To arrange to take by turns.
S pramparya, S pri-ytra, s.m.=pri-ptra,
vulg. pramparj, adj. & s.m. Passing on from q.v.
one to another; one following the other;
uninterrupted series, continuous order, S prndra, s.m. Lion; a large
hereditary succession, hereditary property; snake (boa).
traditional instruction or knowledge, P prna, adj. Past, elapsed; ancient:
tradition:pramparyopade (ya+upa), s.m. prna daftar s.m. Ancient record.
Traditional instruction. H p, = H p, s.m. Scaffold,
S pra, s.m. Fulfilling, scaffolding, platform, stage, framework;
accomplishing; reading through, reading, wooden frame over a well.
studying;concluding a fast, eating or drinking H p, = H p, s.m. Scaffold,
after a fast, breakfast; one who eats after a scaffolding, platform, stage, framework;
fast;a cloud:pra karn, v.t. To fulfil, &c. wooden frame over a well.
H prn [pr = Prk. (), H p, s.m. (used in comp.) Quarter of
or ()=S. (), caus. of rt. ], v.t. To a town, district, ward; cluster of huts apart from
finish, accomplish, &c. (see pra and pra the village to which they belong, hamlet;
karn). boundary of a field.
H prn, v.t.=pn, q.v. H p, s.m. Male buffalo-calf; calf
(=ph, q.v.
S pri-ya, adj. & s.m. Relating
H pn [p = Prk. (),
or pertaining to marriage; obtained on the
occasion of marriage;property received by a or ()=S. (), caus. of rt. ], v.t. To
woman at the time of her marriage. let fall, cause to fall, to knock or throw down; to
S prvat, s.m. lit. 'Growing on or kill.
coming from the mountains'; the tree Melia H pn [S. ], v.t. To finish,
sempervirens (called the large nm). &c.=prn, q.v.;to make or collect (lamp-
S prvat, s.f. One of the names black, kjal, by holding or passing a plate or
of Durg, the wife of iva (as being the metal dish over a lamp).
daughter of Hima-vat the king of the snowy H pa, s.m.=p, p, q.v.
mountains);the olibanum tree,Boswellia
H ph [S. ], s.m. Spotted
antelope; hog-deer, Cervus porcinus.

470
H ph (from pr), s.f. Crossing (a P psang (cf. S. pasha), s.m. Make-
river, when travelling on it). weight, balance, equipoise, something placed in
one scale to balance the other; something
H ph (dim. of pah, q.v.), s.f. placed on one side of a load to form an
Young buffalo, buffalo-calf. equipoise to the other.
H p (dim. of p), s.f. Buffalo-calf H ps [S. ], s.f. Cord or rope for
(=ph; paiy). fastening the legs of a horse or other tame
P p-zahr, s.m. Bezoar stone=pd-zahr, animal; a net.
q.v. H ps [S. ; ], s.m. One
P p-zeb (and p`e-zeb), s.m. See s.v. p.
who casts a net, or snare, or noose; a fowler,
H ps [S. ], s.m. Rope, noose, net, bird-catcher; a member of a caste whose
snare. occupation is to extract the juice of the t palm
H ps [S. ], adv. & postpn. (gov. (so called from their climbing with the aid of a
gen. with -ke), At the side (of), beside, noose or loop round their feet).
alongside, near, about (the person, &c.), in the H ps, s.f. Reservoir of water for
possession (of); at hand, close by, in the cattle in a season of drought.
neighbourhood (of):ps n, v.n. To come P ps (rel. n. fr. ps, q.v.), s.m.
near (to, -ke), to approach, have access (to), to Watchman, sentinel (=ps-bn, q.v.s.v. ps).
reach, come up (to):ps baihn (-ke), To sit S ps, s.m. Noose, &c.=ps, q.v.:
near, or by, or in the company (of); to live
p-baddha, part. adj. Noosed, snared, caught,
(with); to sit (under a preacher); to learn (from);
bound:p-bandh, s.m. Noose, snare, net,
to adhere or stick (to), to follow:ps-ps, adv.
halter, &c.
Approximately, nearly, about, thereabouts:
P psh [fr. pshdan; rt. S. spar fr. spri],
ps-paos, s.m. Neighbour, &c.=s-ps, q.v.:
part. adj. Scattering, sprinkling, diffusing (used
ps rakhn, v.t. To keep near or by, keep in
in comp.):psh-psh, adj. Shivered or broken
hand, to retain; to place, or lodge, or deposit
in pieces, shattered.
(with, -ke):ps rahn (-ke), To be present or
at hand, to remain near, to wait or attend (on); H p, s.m. Die, &c.=ps, q.v.
to live (with), to cohabit:ps-na phaakn, S psh, s.m. Stone, pebble:
v.n. Not to approach, not to hover round.
psh-bhed, s.m. The plant Plectantrus
P ps [Pehl. p; Zend pa, rt. pas =
scutellarioides (used as a remedy for stone in
S. pa], s.m. Watching, guarding, taking care
the bladder):psh-aturda, s.f. The
(of), observing; observance, consideration,
fourteenth day in the light half of the
attention (to), regard, respect, sake; custody;
month Mgh, Nov.-Dec. (on which a festival
watch or term of three hours; a guard;ps-
of Gaur is celebrated, when cakes made of rice
bn, s.m.f. Watchman, watch, sentinel, guard;
and shaped like large pebbles are eaten):
shepherd:ps-bn, s.f. Guarding, guard,
watch, protection, keeping; the duty of a psh-rp, psh-rp, adj. Of the nature of
stone, stony:pshn-may, adj. Consisting of,
guard:ps-i-tir, s.m. In consideration or
or abounding in, stone; stony.
in attention to, or out of regard for (one's)
wishes:ps-dr, s.m. Guardian, &c.=ps- S psh (dim. of psh), s.f.
bn:ps-dr, s.f.=ps-bn and ps. Small stone used as a weight;stone-cutter's
H ps, s.m. Noose, &c.=ps, q.v. chisel; mason's hammer.
S pshya, adj.=psh-may,
H ps [S. ], s.m. Lump or cube
of anything (as metal), lump of silver (from q.v.s.v. psh.
which wire is drawn); die, dice, the oblong dice S pit, part. Tied, bound, fettered.
with which ausar is played; throw of dice: S pctya, adj. & s.m. Behind,
ps pan, v.n. Dice to be thrown; to be lucky
being behind, hinder; subsequent; western;
in throwing:ps phekn, v.n. To throw hinder part (cf. ph, phe-k).
dice (in gaming):ps kheln, v.n. To gamble
with dice. S pak, s.m. Die (=ps, q.v.).
P pstn (cf. pas, 'after'), adj. Past, S pshak, s.m. An ornament for the
former, old, ancient, of yore. feet.
H psn [fr. S. ], v.n. To have a S pshan, vulg. pkhan, s.m.
flow of milk (an animal); the milk to descend Heresy, heterodoxy, false doctrine; blasphemy,
(to the udder). wickedness; deceit in religious matters,
hypocrisy, dissimulation, pretence, disguise;

471
heretic, &c.=pshan, q.v.:pkhan vice (the name is a modern one; for the
phailn, pkhand karn, pkhand man, instrument was introduced by Europeans).
v.n. To practise dissimulation, to play the S pkshya, adj. Belonging to a side
hypocrite, to feign, pretend. or party.
S pshan, vulg. pkhan, adj. S pkal, adj. Bringing to maturity;
& s.m. Dissembling, hypocritical, deceitful, suppurative;a species of costus, Costus
sanctimonious;heretic, heterodox Hind, speciosus.
religious impostor, hypocrite; sectarian, Jain,
Buddhist, one who adopts the external marks or S pkali, s.m. The plant Bauhinia
characteristics of a tribe or sect but does not candida.
conform to the orthodox tenets of the Hind S pkal, s.f. A species of
faith nor respect the ordinances of the Vedas. cucumber, Cucumis utilissimus.
P pshna [Pehl. pshnak; Zend pshna;
H pkn [fr. S. 'cooking'], v.t.
S. prshi, fr. sphur], s.m. Heel; pastern (of a
horse). To boil in syrup (see pakn; pakwn).
P psh (v.n. from pshdan; see psh), s.f. H pkh, s.m.=pakh, paksh, q.v.
Scattering, sprinkling (used in comp. e.g. b- H pkh [S. ; or ], s.m.
psh, q.v.).
Shed; side wall; small building or thatch
S p, s.m. One armed with a noose leaning against the wall of a yard or area; porch,
or net, &c.=ps, q.v. portico (syn. osr).
S pk, s.m. Cooking or dressing food; H pkh, s.m.=psh, q.v.
digestion; an electuary (composed of honey, H pkhar [S. ], s.f. Iron armour
syrup, &c.); a confection:pk-phal, s.m. The
caronda tree and fruit,Carissa carondus:pk- for the defence of a horse or elephant;canvas
ranjan, s.m. Leaf of the Laurus cassia:pk- covering, tarpaulin.
sthn, s.m. pk-l, s.f. Cook-house, kitchen. H pkha, =
P pk (=S. ), adj. Pure, clear, clean, H pkhal, s.m.=pka, q.v.
holy, spotless, blameless, innocent, free (from, - H pkhal, =
se), undefiled, unpolluted, immaculate, fair:
pk-bz, adj. Undefiled; honest, candid, sincere; H pkha, s.m.=pka, q.v.
honourable;s.m. A filter (in the language S pkhan, s.m. =
of bhang drinkers):pk-bz, s.f. Purity;
candour; sincerity:pk-dman, adj. Pure, S pkhan,
chaste, virtuous, modest; innocent; holy in s.m. See psha; pshan.
life:pk-dman, pk-dmn, s.f. Purity of S pkhan, s.m. =
life, sanctity, holiness; chastity, virtue,
innocence:pk-rau, adj. Upright in conduct, S pkhan,
virtuous, &c.:pk-zda, s.m. Washerman: s.m. See psha; pshan.
pk-srat, adj. Of spotless character, moral, H pkh [S. ], s.m.=ph, q.v.
virtuous:pk-f, adj. Pure, clean, undefiled, P pk (fr. pk, q.v.), s.f. Purity,
unpolluted:pk-f, s.f. Purity; sanctity: cleanliness; sanctity;the pubes:pk len,
pk karn, v.t. To purity, make clear (of, -se); v.n. To shave the pubes; to pluck the hair from
to clean; to clarify, strain; to wash; to sift, to the pubes.
winnow:pk moabbat, s.f. Pure love; P pkza-g (abst. subst. from next), s.f.
Platonic love:pk-nyat s.f. & adj. Pure Cleanliness, purity, chastity, chasteness,
intention or motive;of pure intention, &c. neatness.
H pka, = P pkza (pk, q.v.+dim. aff. -iza), adj.
H pkaiy, [S. ], s.m. The Clean, pure, select, chaste, delicate, neat, nice,
pretty, lovely:pkza aslat, pkza srat,
waved-leaved fig-tree, Ficus adj. Of chaste habits or disposition:pkza-
infectoria (syn. gla). gauhar, adj. Of a pure nature or essence.
H pkaiy, = S pkya, s.m. A kind of medicinal
H pka, [S. ], s.m. The waved- salt, impregnated with iron (syn. bilavan);
leaved fig-tree, Ficus infectoria (syn. gla). saltpetre; nitre.
H pk-sas (pk, H pg [S. ], s.f. Syrup.
for paka+S. saas), s.f. A table-vice, bench-

472
H pg [S. ; or ], s.f. (Prov.), animal:pl pan, pl girn, v.n. To
freeze, to snow.
A turban (=pag);pg, pg-tg, s.m. Poll-tax
formerly levied on all males over twelve years H pl (v.n. of pl-n, rt. S. ), s.m.
of age. Protection, shelter; maintenance, support;
H pg (cf. pag; pagh), s.m. A troop charge, trust; a protg;power, sway,
influence; clutches; spell:pl dln (-se), To
of horse among Marhaas); a stud.
protect, guard or save (from):ple pan (-
H pg (=pakk, q.v.), adj. (Prov.) ke), To fall into the power, or in the clutches
Ripened, ripe; come to a head. (of); to have to do (with); to be tied (to,in
H pgur [S. ], s.m. Chewing the wedlock, &c.); to be fascinated, taken by a
cud, rumination (syn. jugl). spell; to be entangled, lured, caught.
H pgurn, v.n. To chew the H pl (see pl, 'raised bank'), s.m.
cud, to ruminate. Heap of earth, &c. made by children to separate
the two sides in the game of kaba or
H pgal [S. +], adj. & s.m.
'prisoner's base'; partition line.
Mad, insane; foolish, silly;madman, idiot,
H pl [S. , ], s.m. Stack or
fool (=pagl; b`ol):pgal-na, s.m.
Mad-house, lunatic asylum:pgal hon, v.n. rick of corn; a twig; leaves of the jha-ber or
To become mad. jujube tree.
H pgal-pan, = H pl [S. ], s.m. Time or turn
(in rotation=pr).
H pgal-pan, [S. +],
S pl, adj. Coming from, or
s.m. Madness, insanity; foolishness, folly.
belonging to, the tree pal or Butea frondosa;
H pgal-pan, =
made of the wood of the Butea frondosa;
H pgal-pan, [S. +], green;s.m. Green colour:pal-khan, s.m.
s.m. Madness, insanity; foolishness, folly. An epithet of Magadh (a country in India, the
H pgan [S. ], s.m. A kind of western part of Bihr).
drum or tabor. H p-lgan [S. +], s.f.
H pgn (caus. of pagn), v.t. To dip Obeisance by embracing the feet; laying one's
head on another's feet; respect, reverence,
in or cover with syrup; to form a cake of veneration (esp. to Brhmans).
crystallized sugar.
P & H pln,
H pgn, v.n. (Prov.) To ripen: to
come to a head (=pakn). vulg. paln [S. ], s.m. Pack-saddle;
H pl (rt. of pln), s.m. Shelter; dorsers:pln bdhn (-par), To put a pack-
saddle (on).
protection; crown lands kept in the hands of P pln, adj. Bearing a pack-saddle;
government. s.m. Maker of pack-saddles;a sluggish beast
S pl, s.m. Protector, nourisher, of burden:asp-i-pln, s.m. A pack-horse.
cherisher, guardian, preserver (used as last P pl`ish (abst. s. fr. pl`dan, rt.
member of compounds). Zend rared; S. vardh, fr. vridh), s.f. Straining,
H pl [S. ], s.f. A raised bank, filtration, percolation.
embankment (to confine water for irrigation), S plit, part. Protected, supported,
dam, dike, causeway. cherished, nourished, reared, kept (as a
H pl [S. ], s.m. Sail; small tent: promise).
pl ahn, v.n. To hoist sail. H plt (imperf. part. of pln), s.m.
H pl [S. ; or ], s.m. Layers Protector, &c.=plan-hr, q.v.s.v. plan.
of straw, leaves, &c. between which unripe H plt, s.f. A squatting posture:
mangoes are ripened within doors:pl-k plt lagn, v.n. To float or swim on the
pakk, adj. Ripened in straw. hams:plt mr-ke baihn, v.n. To sit on the
S pli, s.f. The Mgadha- hams, to squat.
prkrit language (in which the Panits of H plak [S. ], s.m. A sort of
Ceylon, Siam, &c. give instruction); also=pl, spinach:plak-jh (S. plaka+yth). s.f.
q.v. The medicinal plant Justicia nasuta; and Ixora
H pl [S. ], s.m. Frost, hoar- undulata.
frost; snow; dew; coagulation; secundines of an

473
H plak [S. ], s.m. Bedstead range; raised bank, dike, causeway, bridge; lap,
bosom; hip, haunch; mark, spot, stain; a louse; a
(com. palang).
woman with a beard; the hollow upon the thigh;
S plak, plik, adj. & s.m. the knee-pan; a particular measure of capacity;
Protecting, supporting, nourishing, cherishing, praise, eulogium; pot, boiler; cover of a pot; an
rearing;protector, cherisher, guardian, oblong pond; a pit or place where birds fight,
preserver, keeper; groom;plak and plak cockpit; battle between birds; cock-fight.
putr, s.m. An adopted son;plak, plak-putr, S pl, s.m. lit. 'Protecting, nourishing,
s.f. Adopted daughter.
&c.'; a cowherd, one who keeps or grazes cows.
H plak (plak+dim. aff. ), P plez, s.f. Field of melons or cucumbers
s.m. Adopted son:plak, s.f. Adopted (=flez).
daughter. S plya, part. adj. To be protected or
H plk [S. + or ], s.f. guarded, to be cherished, nourished, reared,
A kind of litter or sedan, a palankeen:plk- &c.: to be observed or kept.
sawr, s.m.f. One who rides in a plk:plk- H pm, s.m.=pm, q.v.
nishn, s.m. One entitled to be carried in a plk;
one who can afford to keep a plk; a grandee or H pm, s.f. Thread running along the
noble (formerly the privilege of keeping edges of lace to prevent its ravelling.
a plk was granted by a king or viceroy). S pm, s.f. Cutaneous eruption,
S plan, s.m. Protecting, guarding, herpes, scab, the itch.
preserving, fostering, nourishing, cherishing, S pmri (pm+ari), s.m. lit.
bringing up, rearing, breeding, domesticating; 'Enemy of the scab'; sulphur.
observing, keeping (a promise), nursing,
tending; protection, support, maintenance, H pmr, s.m.=pmri, q.v.;
sustenance, keep:plan karn (-k or -ko), To s.f.=pmar, q.v.
protect, cherish, nurse, &c. (=pln):plan- S pmar, adj. & s.m. Diseased with
hr, s.m. Protector, cherisher, supporter, herpes, scabby; wicked, vile; low, vulgar, base;
preserver; patron, lord, master (=plne-wl). stupid, foolish, idiotic;wicked man, sinner; a
H pln [pl = Prk. (), man of the lowest extraction, a man engaged in
or ()=S. (), caus. of rt. ], v.t. To any degrading occupation; idiot, fool.
protect, &c. (see plan);s.m. (f. -), An H pmar, s.f. Wife of a man of low
adopted son:pl-rakhn, v.t.=pln:plne- caste; a low, mean woman.
wl, s.m. (f. -), Protector, &c.=plan-hr. H pmar, pmr, s.f. A kind of
H pln [S. ?], s.m. A silken cloth (=pwar);name of a sweet-
cradle. smelling flower.
S plind, s.m. A species of S pman, s.m.=pm q.v.;adj.
jasmine, Jasminum pubescens. Diseased with herpes or any utaneous disease.
S plindh, s.m. A species of S pn, s.m. Drinking; drink,
Ipoma with dark blossoms, Convolvulus beverage:pn-ptra, s.m. Drinking vessel,
tarpethum (commonly called teori). cup:pn karn or kar-len, v.n. To take a
S plank, s.m. The olibanum drink, to drink; to refresh oneself, make a repast
(usually with jal, e.g. jal-pn kar-lo).
tree, Boswellia thurifera; a species of beet-
root, Beta bengalensis; a hawk. H pn [S. ], s.m. Leaf; betel-leaf,
S plak, = Piper betel; embroidered work resembling a
leaf; the heel-piece of a shoe:pn uhn,
S plaky, s.f. The resin of the v.n.=pn len, q.v.:pn bann, v.n.=pn
olibanum tree, gum-olibanum, incense. lagn, q.v.:pn-dn, s.m. A box in which
S plaky, = betel and its apparatus are kept:pn den (-
ko), To present betel-leaf prepared with areca
S plak, s.f. The resin of the nut, &c. to a friend or a guest:pn-khil`, s.f.
olibanum tree, gum-olibanum, incense. Giving pn to eat, a betrothal ceremony:pn
S pali, pl, s.f.= pli, q.v. lagn, v.n. To prepare betel-leaf, with betel-
nut, &c.:pn len(-se), To accept or take the
S pl, pli, s.f. Tip of the ear;
betel-leaf, to consent, agree, undertake an
edge, inargin; boundary, limit; point or edge of enterprise (see b).
a sword or any cutting instrument; line, row,

474
H pn [S. ], s.f. The starch, or the The five senses (syn. awssi-amsa):
unwoven threads, of new cloth. p-bars, adj. Of five years:p hak,
s.m. Toll of five chak in a rupee's worth of
H pn (contrac. of p), adj. Five
rice or paddy (the toll is levied in large cities to
(used only in comp., e.g. pn-sau, pn-sai, 'Five defray the expenses of the inspectors of
hundred'). weighmen stationed in the bazars to prevent
S pi, s.m.f. The hand:pi-bhuj, fraud in the weight and measure of
s.m. The glomerous fig-tree, Ficus commodities sold therein):p-st, s.f. lit.
glomerata:pi-grah, pi-graha, s.m. 'Fives and sevens'; sixes and sevens, confusion,
Laying hold of the hand, marriage (the junction perplexity:p-karma (paa karma), s.m.
of the hands of the bride and bridegroom The five actions of the body, viz. 1 Vomiting;
forming part of the ceremony):pi-griht, 2 Evacuation by bleeding; 3 Evacuation by
s.f. lit. 'Taken by the hand'; a bride wedded stool; 4 Diseased excretion by fces or
according to the ritual:joi-pi, adv. With purging; 5 Blowing the nose:po, adj.
the hands put flat together (as in supplication). The five, all five;po bh`, s.m. The
H pn, s.m. Getting, &c., see pn, 'to five Pnav princes, viz. Yudhishhir,Bhm-
sen, Arjun, Nakul, and Sahdeo:po-
get.'
bhttm (paa-bhttm), s.m. lit.
H pn [v = pw = 'Consisting of the five primary elements'; a
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. + ], v.t. To human being:po kape, s.m. The five
get, acquire, receive, obtain, attain, accept, articles of clothing, viz., 1 the pag or turban;
reach; to pick up, earn, gain, reap; to procure, 2 the angarkh or coat; 3 the p`e-jma or
secure; to overtake, to come upon, meet with, trousers; 4 the du-pa or sheet or mantle; and
encounter; to enjoy, experience, undergo, 5 therml, or handkerchief; a complete suit of
suffer, feel;s.m. Getting, finding, &c.;dues, clothes:po hatyr, s.m. The five arms or
outstandings:(pn, in Acquisitivesi.e. weapons, viz. 1 the hl or shield; 2
when annexedto an inflected infinitive or a the talwr or sword; 3 thebarh or spear; 4
verbal baseis neuter, and signifies 'to be the tr or arrow; and 5 the kamn or bow.
allowed'; 'to get permission'; 'to get' to do a S pl, adj. & s.m. Relating or
thing; 'to be able' to do; e.g. woh dekhne py,
belonging to the Palas, dwelling in or ruling
'he was allowed to see,' or 'he got to see,'
over the country of the Palas;sovereign
&c.; we n-pye, 'they were permitted to come,'
&c.; bt aise dhraj-se kar ki wah na sun-pwe, or prince of thePalas; the country of
'Speak so softly that he be not able to hear'; the Palas;an association of five guilds,
hone pn, 'To let be or happen'; kis jv-ko p viz. those of the carpenter, weaver, barber,
na hone-pwe, 'Let pain be occasioned to no washerman, and shoemaker.
living thing'). H pw [S. +], adj. m.
H pp, s.m.=pp, q.v.;agony, (f. pw), Fifth:pw sawr hon, lit.
anguish, torture. 'To be the fifth horseman'; to claim company or
association with, to put in one's own small
H pp, adj. & s.m.=pp, q.v. claim (the phrase is based on the story of the
H pti, pt, ptu [S. ], s.f. potter who was riding on an ass behind four
Line, row, string, rank or row (of soldiers), horsemen bound for the Deccan, and who, on
series, range:pti-pti, ptu-ptu, adv. being asked where the four horsemen were
In rows, in lines. going, replied, 'We five horsemen are going to
the Deccan'):pwn, s.f. The fifth day of
H pntar [S. ], s.m. Desert
the moon, or of the half month:pwe, adv.
field; desert place; a dangerous place. Fifthly, in the fifth place.
S pnth, s.m. Traveller; passenger. H p, s.f. A woman who has no
H pti, pt, s.f.=pti, pt, breasts or milk.
q.v. S pnu, adj. & s.m. Yellowish white,
H pjar [S. ], s.m. The ribs, white, pale; pale or yellowish white colour;
the side; side or quarter (syn. taraf). light-coloured soil, a mixture of clay and sand;
land dependent on rain-water;name of a
H pjn, v.t. To close or fill in (a
sovereign of Hastinpur (ancient Dehli), and
hole,esp. in metal); to solder (syn. jhln). nominal father of Yudhishhir and the other
H p [S. ], adj. Five; equal to, or four Pnav princes who are distinguished in
as good as, five; sharp, astute:p indr, s.f. the great wars related in the Mahbhrat;s.f.

475
The plant Glycine debilis (com. H pe, =
called mashni):pu-bhm, s.m.f. Light-
coloured soil; a country with a light-coloured H pe, [S. ], s.m. Learned
soil:pnu-bhmi, pnu-bhm, s.f. The land man, scholar; teacher, schoolmaster; a title
of the Pnavs, the city of Hastinpur: of Brhmas (cf. p, pan).
pnu-putra, s.m. A son of Pnu, an epithet of H pe, =
any one of thePnav princes:pnu-rog, H pe, [S. ], s.m. Learned
s.m. lit. 'Yellow-disease'; jaundice:pnu-
man, scholar; teacher, schoolmaster; a title
sutan, s.m. The Pnav princes:pnu-
of Brhmas (cf. p, pan).
arkar, s.f. Light-coloured gravel (the
disease):pnu-kambal, s.m. White woollen H p (pn+dim. aff. ), s.f.
covering or blanket; a kind of stone (limestone Betel-plant, betel-creeper.
or marble):pnu-kambal, s.f. The housings P pnz-dah [Pehl. panza-dah; Zend pana-
of a royal elephant; a carriage covered with a daan; S pana-daan], adj. Fifteen.
sort of blanket.pnu-lom, s.f. The P pnz-dahum [Zend pana-daa; S.
plant Glycine debilis:pnu-mrittik, s.f. Pale Idem], adj. Fifteenth.
or light-coloured soil, chalky soil;the opal; H psu, ps [S. ] , s.m.
pnu-ng, s.m. The plant Rottleria Dust; particle of dust; dung, manure;
tinctoria:pnu-var, adj. White;s.m. dunghill:ps ln (-me), To manure:
Whiteness. ps ho-jn, v.n. To become dust; to rot; to
S pn, s.m.=pan, q.v. become manure; to become mildewed; to
become mellow (land).
H pnit, s.f. =
H ps, s.m.=ps, q.v.
S pnitya, s.m. Scholarship,
H psn (see ps), v.t. To dung,
erudition, learning, wisdom, prudence.
to manure.
S pnitya, s.m. =
H psu, ps [S. ], s.f.
H pnit, s.f. Scholarship,
Rib; rib-bones, the side (syn. pasl).
erudition, learning, wisdom, prudence.
H ps, s.f.=ps, 'net,' q.v.
S par, adj. & s.m. Whitish-
S puk, psuk, used in
yellow, whitish, white;the colour pale or
yellowish white; the many-flowered comp. for puja, q.v.s.v. pu:
jasmine, Jasminum elongatum: name of a Nga; puk-ss, s.m. Sulphuret of iron.
name of a mountain:pnar-pushpik, s.f. A S puk, psuk, s.f.
species of plant (com. called stal). The fragrant plant Pandanus odoratissimus.
S pnur, adj. & s.m. Yellowish- S pul, psul, adj. & s.m.
white, &c. (=pnar);a form of jaundice; Dusty, covered with dust; sullied, defiled,
white leprosy, vitiligo:pnur-drum, s.m. lit. disgraced;a wicked or profligate man; a
'The pale tree'; the plantWrightia species of tree, Csalpinia bonducella.
antidysenterica. S pu, s.m. Dust, &c.=psu, ps,
H pnr, s.m. A species of sugar-
q.v.:pu-pattra; pu-pattra; pu-
cane (cf. pau). putra (?), s.m. A kind of
H pnar (from pnar), s.f. vegetable, Chenopodium album:pu-
Whitish, or chalky, earth or soil. ja, puj; psu-ja, psuj, s.m. lit. 'Earth-
born'; a kind of salt extracted from soil, rock or
S pnu, adj. & s.m.= pnu, q.v.
fossil salt.
S pnava, pnav, adj. & s.m. H pk [S. ], s.m. Mud, mire; mud
Belonging to the sons of Pnu; connected with and sand left by inundations, alluvial deposit;
the five Pnavas;(patronym.) a son or slough, bog, quagmire.
descendant of Pu; a partisan of the sons S pkta, adj. Linear; in or by, line or
of Pnu.
row.
H pnuva, pnw (from pn
H pg, s.m.=pk, q.v.
u), s.m. Light-coloured or pale soil, mixed soil
of clay and sand. H pg [S. +?], s.m. Weaver's
S pnavn, s.m. pl. The five woof-frame.
Pnav princes.

476
H pg [S. ?], s.m. Sea-salt, feet to swell; to be tired or weary; to be
culinary salt obtained from sea-sand. perplexed, or embarrassed:pw phk-phk
rakhn, v.n. (or phk-phk-ke pw rakhn),
H pgr, s.m. The coral To move cautiously or warily (in), to do
tree, Erythrina indica. anything carefully; to tread softly (as on
S pini, s.m. Name of the most cinders):pw phern, v.n. (A woman) to
eminent Hindu grammarian (regarded as an visit her parent's, or another, house, after
inspired Muni). childbirth:pw phail-kar son, v.n. To
S pinya, adj. Relating to the sleep with the legs stretched out full length; to
sleep at ease, or in peace and security; to be free
grammarian Pini; written or composed from care, be perfectly contented and happy:
by Pini. pw phailn, v.n. To be full length, or at
H pw, p`o [S. ; ease, &c.=pw pasrn, q.v.;to raise one's
Prk. ], s.m. Foot; leg; foot-print; basis, demands; to be importunate; to be insatiable; to
insist, be obstinate; to be exacting:pw-
foundation, root; footing, foothold; part, lot,
portion; interference, meddling; steadiness, piyda, adv. Afoot, on foot, walking:pw
decision (istiqll); responsibility, liability: pn, v.n. To stamp with impatience, or anger;
pw utarn, v.n. The foot to be dislocated: to struggle vainly against difficulties; to throw
about the legs (in pain, anguish, or the agonies
pw uhn, pw uhkar aln, v.n. To go
of death):pw-tale-k y, s.f. lit. 'An ant
or walk quickly, to step out:pw un, v.n.
under the foot'; a poor, helpless, or miserable
To interfere or meddle (with):pw
creature:pw-tale-k ma sarakn, pw-
ukhn (-k), To move (one) from his place,
tale-k nikaln, v.n. To feel the ground slipping,
intention, or resolution:pw as it were, from under one's feet; to be stunned
ukhan or ukha jn, v.n. To lose one's or staggered:pw-tale maln, v.n. To
footing, be carried off one's legs; to run away, trample under foot, to crush; to give pain (to),
take to flight; to be routed:pw bialn, v.n. to annoy:pw ton, v.n. To wear out one's
The foot to slip; to lose one's balance; to go legs in vain; to be marched or trotted about in
wrong or astray:pw bahn (-me), To vain; to be tired; to desist from visiting (a
take the lead, go ahead; to overstep, exceed person); to run vainly after (a person); to visit
bounds; to desist from one's former courses: (one) very often:pw thartharn,
pw bhr hon, v.n. To be with child, be v.n.=pw kpn, q.v.:pw ikn,
pregnant:pw bhar-jn, v.n. To suffer v.n.=pw jamn, q.v.:pw sbit rakhn,
numbness or heaviness of the feet:pw b- v.n. To persevere firmly (in a course, an
me hon, v.n. To have a finger (in); to have a enterprise, or a resolution):pw jamn, v.n.
share (in); to be responsible (for):pw- To plant the feet firmly, to stand firmly; to get a
pw, adv. Afoot, on foot, walking;pw- footing or foot-hold:pw jamn, v.n. To
pw phirn, pw-pw aln, pw-pw have a good footing, to stand firmly:pw-
oln, v.n. To walk, to toddle (a child): app, s.f. Rubbing or pressing the feet:pw
pw-par pw rakhn, v.n. To walk in the aln, v.n.=pw uhn, q.v.:pw al-
steps (of another); to imitate or adopt the jn, v.n. The foot to slip, or give way; to totter,
conduct (of another); to place one leg over the to become unstable:pw hn (-k), To
other, to sit cross-legged, to sit at ease:pw- have a flooding (after menstruation, &c.):
par tesha mr-len = apne pnw-me p pw-dau, s.f. Exertion, effort, endeavour:
kulhr mrn, v.n. Of oneself to spoil one's pw dharn (-par or me), To set foot (on); to
own affair; to injure or ruin oneself, to cut one's come (into), step (in), enter; to land: to go or
own throat:pw-par girn (-ke), To fall at step forward, advance; to prepare (for), enter
the feet (of;see pw panand pw (upon), to begin:pw dho-dho pn (-ke), lit.
pakan):pw pan (-ke), To fall at the feet 'To drink the water in which one's feet have
(of), prostrate oneself; to entreat submissively, been washed'; to do honour or reverence (to); to
beseech, implore:pw pasrn, v.n. To place perfect confidence (in); to show respect or
stretch the legs full length, lie comfortably or at affection (for), to regard with the greatest
ease, take it easy; to stretch out the legs in respect, to look up (to):pw ln,
death, to die:pw pakan (-ke), To lay hold v.n.=pw dharn, q.v.:pw ign, v.n. The
of or seize the feet (of); to fall at the feet (of); foot to slip or totter; to slip, to lose (one's)
to beseech submissively; to prevent (one) from footing; to give way (a foundation, an army,
going:pw pjn (-ke), To worship, or to &c.):pw rakhn, v.n.=pw dharn,
kiss, the feet (of), to do honour or reverence q.v.:pw ragan, v.n. To rub the feet
(to);to shun, avoid:pw phln, v.n. The

477
together; to go about foolishly and unprofitably; shame:pn utarn (-me), To have a cataract
to be in the agonies of death:pw zamn-par (in the eye); to have a swollen scrotum, to
na haharn, v.n. To be unable to stand suffer from hydrocele:pn bujhn, v.n. To
(through excessive joy), to be unsteady on the disinfect water by plunging heated iron into
feet (through joy):pw zamn-par na it:pn bharn (me), To fill vessels with
rakhn (or, more com., zamn-par pw na water, to draw or fetch water; to be humiliated
rakhn), v.n. To tread the air; to walk on stilts; or ashamed; to feel a sense of inferiority (before
to walk like a swell; to show off:pw son, or in the presence of); to confess inferiority:
v.n. The foot to be numbed, the foot to sleep: pn bhar-n muh-me, v.n. Watering of the
pw-se pw bdhn, v.n. To stick close (to mouth:pn bahn, v.n.=pn jn, q.v.:
one), to watch (one) closely:pw-se pw pn pn hon, v.n. To perspire with shame; to
bhin, v.n. To be near or close (to):pw be overwhelmed with shame:pn pan, v.n.
q`im karn, v.n. To occupy a fixed habitation; To rain:pn piln (-ko), To give (one)
to adopt a new resolution:pw-k angh, water to drink:pn phir-jn, v.n. Water to
s.m. The great toe:pw kpn, v.n. To run over or inundate (a field, &c.); (fig.) to be
have a tremor of the legs; to totter; to fear to wasted, ruined, or destroyed:pn
attempt anything:pw-k ugl, s.f. A toe: phern or pher-den (-par), To impart lustre
(to), to brighten, polish, gild; to plunge into, or
pw gan, v.n.=pw jamn, q.v.:pw
submerge in, water; to dissipate, waste,
gale-me ln (-ke), To convict one by his
destroy:pn p-p (or p-p-ke) du` den (-
own arguments:pw gor-me lakn (or, ko), To pray for one excessively (i.e. till the
more com., gor-me pw lakn), v.n. To throat, becoming dry, must be moistened by
have one foot in the grave; to be advanced in drinking):pn p-p (or p-p-ke) kosn (-ko),
years:pw ghisn, v.n. The skin of the feet To curse excessively, to heap curses (upon):
to be rubbed away or worn; to be always on the pn ton, v.n. To draw water (a ship):pn
tramp; to undergo useless labour:pw jn, pn aln, v.n. To shed tears; to be
lakhan, pw larazn, v.n.=pw kpn, afflicted with the fluor albus; to be disgraced:
q.v.:pw lagn, v.n.=pw pan, q.v.: pn u`n (me), v.n. To drop water; to drop
pw me akkar hon, v.n. To be always on water into the mouth of a dying person:pn
the move:pw-men mehd lagn, v.n. To urn or ur-jn, v.n. To absorb water (a
apply henna to the feet; to be unable to set foot wound); to be pregnant:pn hon, v.n. To
on the ground:pw nikln, v.n. To show give out water; to sweat:pn dikhn (-ko),
the cloven hoof; to exceed one's proper limits; To show water (to); to bring (a horse, &c.) to
to betray one's evil disposition; to begin one's water, to water (a horse, &c.):pn den (-
pranks; to be a ringleader (in a criminal action); ko), To give water (to), to water (plants, &c.), to
to withdraw (from, -se), back out (of):ek irrigate; to offer a libation of water to the manes
p`o-par ir hon, v.n. To be ready on one of a deceased person aftor the corpse has been
foot; to be ready to start (on an enterprise, &c.); burnt:pn-dev, s.m. One whose duty it is to
to be ready and willing:phae-me pw offer a libation of water to a deceased person; a
den, v.n. To stand in the breach; to risk one's son:pn ln(-men) = pn u`n, q.v.:
life (for another):dabe-pw, adv. Softly, pn-se patl, adj. Thinner than water; watery;
quietly, gently; slily, stealthily, with a cat-like cheap, insignificant, worthless; easy:pn-se
tread. patl karn, To make or render easy, to
H pw-ro, s.f. See p`o-ro. facilitate; to put to shame, to abash; to disgrace;
H pw (pw+dim. aff. ), s.m. to defeat:pn-se pahle pul bdhn, v.n. To
make a bridge before there is water (to bridge);
Cloth or carpet spread to walk on.
to devise plans against an improbable
H pw, s.f. Pattens contingency:pn-k bulbul, s.m. lit.
(syn. kha`o); sandals. 'Bubble of water'; anything unstable, weak or
H p`o, s.m.=pw, q.v.;also frail:pn-kn, v.n. To turn off water into
(for pwo) 'feet.' another channel; to go or swim against the
stream, to breast or stem the waves:pn-k
H pnhar, s.m. A kind of reed. rsta nikln, v.n. To let out water, to make an
H pn [S. ; Prk. ], s.m. outlet for water:pn-k rahne-wl, adj. &
Water (syn. jal); rain-water, rain (=meh); s.m. Aquatic; an aquatic animal:pn
semen, sperm; water or lustre (of a gem, &c.); karn or kar-den, v.n. To make water;v.t.
lustre, sparkle, polish, brightness, beauty; spirit, To convert into water, to liquefy, melt; to make
mettle, blood, breed; character, reputation, easy, to facilitate; to abash; to dishearten:
honour; chastity, modesty, delicacy, sense of pn-k po, s.f. A bag or mass of water;
anything very watery (as rice, herbs, &c.):

478
pn-ke rele-me bahn, v.t. To give to the H p`o, s.f.=pw, q.v.
flood, to throw away, waste, squander; to sell
very cheap or at a sacrifice:pn lagn, v.n. H pwas, p`s, p`us [
Water (of a place) to affect (one) injuriously; S. ; Prk. ], s.m. The rainy season;
water to be unwholesome (e.g. pn yah rain.
lagt hai, 'The water here is unwholesome):
S pwak, adj. & s.m. Cleansing,
pn mrn, v.n. To draw water (a ship;=pn
ton):pn marn, v.n. To run or flow (into); purifying; purificatory; pertaining to Agni;
to leak; to be absorbed, be evaporated, to dry pure;Agni, the deified personification of fire;
up;to exhibit signs confirming a suspicion; to fire (in general); a saint or person purified by
look suspicious:pn-me g lagn, v.n. To religious abstraction;a species of
revive a forgotten quarrel; to sow dissension, to tree, Premna integrifolia or spinosa (the wood
set at loggerheads:pn nikaln, v.n. To leak, of which is used to procure fire by attrition); a
drop, drip, ooze; semen to be discharged:pn species of plant, leadwort, Plumbago zeylanica;
the plant Semecarpus anacardium, a plant used
na mgn, v.n. To die instantly or suddenly
as a vermifuge, Carthamus tinctorius.
(i.e. without having time to ask for water to
cool one's dying lips); to be slain with a single H p`ola (from p`o), s.m. (f. -), A
stroke of a sword, &c.:pn hon or ho-jn, quarter of any coin; a quarter of a rupee, a four
Tomelt away, dissolve, liquefy; to melt, fail anna piece.
utterly (the heart); to become water, become S pvamn, adj. Purifying,
watery or thin; to become loose or flaccid; to
purificatory.
become cold as water;to be very easy or
simple. S pvan, adj. & s.m. Purifying,
H pn, s.m. Incorr. for pi, q.v. purificatory, purgatory, freeing from sin,
sanctifying; purified, pure, holy;purifier; fire
H pyat [S. +], s.f. (as purifying or cleansing); water; cowdung;
Foot of a bedstead. incense; austere devotion, penance,
H p`ia, s.m.=p`e-a; p`za, qq.v. expiation;the seed of the plant Elocarpus
S pnya, adj. To be drunk; fit, ganitus (of which rosaries are made); a species
of grass, Costus speciosus:pvan-dhwani,
proper, or necessary to be drunk; drinkable:
s.m. A conch-shell.
pnymalak (pnya+m), s.m. A kind of
fruit, Flacourtia cataphracta:pnya- H p`o, s.m.=pw and p`o,
prishhaja, s.m. The aquatic plant Pistia q.v.;also (for pwo), 'feet.'
stratiotes:pnya-mlak, s.m. The H p`on, pvn, v.t.=pn, q.v.
plant Vernonia (or Serratula) anthelminthica:
pnya-nakula, s.m. 'Water-ichneumon'; an H p`on, s.m. Name of a plant that
otter. grows in stagnant water.
H , , p`o [S. ], s.m. Fourth part, S pv, adj. & s.m. Purifying,
quarter; the fourth part of a ser, a weight of purificatory;who or what purifies, purifier.
about half a pound;p`o n, s.m. One fourth H ph [S. ; cf. phn], s.f. A kind of
of an anna, one pice:p`o bhar, adj. A ser; stone (which is ground along with alum and
about a ser:p`o-tak, p`o-ak, s.f. The fee cloves and mixed with opium to form a lep or
of a qnungo allowed by Government at the poultice for sore eyes).
rate of four annas per hundred rupees on the net
S pht, s.m. The Indian mulberry
revenue of each district, to defray the expenses
of the establishment:p`o-akkar, s.m. The tree, Moras indica.
fourth part of a circle, a quadrant:p`o ro, H phn [S. ], s.m. A stone.
s.f. A loaf of bread made in the European way, H phal, s.f. The ceremony of
and weighing a p`o or quarter of a ser, i.e.
about half a pound. initiation into the Sikh religion and community.
H p`o, s.m.=ph, q.v. H phan, s.m.=phn, q.v.

S pvit, part. Purified. H phun [S. or ], s.m. A

guest, visitor.
H p`ot (from p`on = pn), s.f.
H
phun [the preceding+],
That which is gained or got; gain, income
(syn. mdan). s.m.=phun, q.v.;son-in-law.
H p`t, p`ot, s.f. A kind H
phun`, s.f. Hospitality,
of lamp. entertainment of guests or visitors.

479
H
phun, s.f. A female guest. P p`e-zahr, s.m. Bezoar stone (=p-
zahr; pd-zahr, q.v.).
H ph [prob. S. ; Prk. ], s.m.
S pyas, s.m. A dish made of rice,
Person, individual; a contemptuous form of
milk, and sugar (syn. khr); an oblation of rice,
address.
milk, and sugar;the resin of Pinus longifolia,
H ph = P & turpentine.
H p`, p`e, [S. ], s.m. Non- S pyak, adj. & s.m. Drinking;a
resident cultivator; temporary occupant of drinker.
village land; tenant at will:ph-sm, H pyik, pyak, [S. ;
s.m.=ph:ph-part, s.f. Fallow land;
P. paik], s.m. Footman; foot-soldier; armed
p`e-kr, s.m.=p`e-ksht:ph-ksht, p`e-
attendant; inferior police or revenue officer;
ksht, s.m. Non-resident cultivator; cultivation
village watchman; runner, messenger,
by non-residents.
harbinger.
P & H p`, p`e, = P p`e-kr, s.m. See s.v. p`e.
H ph [S. ], s.m. Non-resident H pyal, pyil, p`l [S. +
cultivator; temporary occupant of village land; or ], adj. & s.f. Sure-footed; easy-paced
tenant at will:ph-sm, s.m.=ph:ph-
part, s.f. Fallow land;p`e-kr, s.m.=p`e- (elephant);an anklet of gold or silver; a child
ksht:ph-ksht, p`e-ksht, s.m. Non- born feet-foremost; a bamboo ladder.
resident cultivator; cultivation by non-residents. H pyit, s.f.=p`et, p`t, q.v.
P p`e, s.m. Foot, &c.=p, q.v.:p`e bq, P pyanda, adj. Lasting, durable,
s.m. Remainder, balance in hand:p`e-takht, permanent, stable, firm.
s.m. The royal residence, the capital:p`e P pya (see p), s.m. Leg or foot (of an
isb ln, v.n. To settle accounts; to call to animate or an inanimate object, as a table,
account:p`e-na, s.m. A necessary, a bedstead, &c.); foundation (of a building); base
privy;p`e-n phirn, v.n. To visit the (of a column, &c.); prop, support, stay; step;
necessary, to go to the rear:p`e-dr, adj. lit. rank, dignity, degree.
'Having feet'; lasting, durable, permanent, H p` [S. ], s.f. A small copper
strong:p`e-dr, s.f. Durability, coin; the fourth part of an n or anna,
permanence:p`e-dm, s.m. Snare, noose, a pais or pice; a vertical line
trap, gin, springe:p`e-zanjr, adj. Chained by (in Hind accounts) denoting the fourth part of
the leg, fettered; encumbered (with a family, an anna; the twelith part of an anna, a pie.
&c.):p`e-zih, s.m. Loop or slip-knot tied to
H p` [S. ], s.f. Pins used by
the legs of falcons; a staple:p`e-kr, s.m. A
person who purchases goods from the weavers to wind off the warp from; a light
manufacturer to sell to the merchant; agent; walking cane or stick, a switch:p` karn,
broker; a retail dealer; hawker, pedlar:p`e- v.t. To brush or clean the warp after it has been
kobn, adj. Beating the feet in dancing, stretched for weaving.
stamping with the feet:p`e-gh, s.m. Rank, P p`z, s.m. Autumn (=pyiz); (met.) old
dignity; a stable. (N.B. Other compounds will age, decline of life.
be found under the contrac. form p, q.v.). P p`za (p, 'leg,'+dim. aff. za),
s.m.=p`ea, q.v.
H p`, s.f. See p`.
H p`, s.f.=p`, q.v.
H py, s.m.= pya, q.v.
P p-yb, adj. See s.v. p. P p`n (see pyn), adj. & s.m. Lower;
P pyn, s.m. = P pyn, back;beneath, under;lower part, back part,
s.f. [S. pda+anta], End, extremity, extreme; bottom: p`n bg, s.m. Garden at the back (of a
termination, completion. palace or house).
P pyn, s.f. = P pyn, H p`ent, p`t [S. +]
s.m. [S. pda+anta], End, extremity, extreme; , s.f. Foot or bottom of a bed (=pyat).
termination, completion. H p`ea, s.m.=p`ia; p`ea, q.v.:
H pyah [S. +], s.m. p`ea bhr karn, v.n. lit. 'To make the
Scaffolding, scaffold (syn. man; auj). drawers heavy'; (in the language of women) to
P p`ea (p`e, 'leg'+dim. aff. a), s.m. A make a vow of rigid seclusion, to vow not to go
leg of a pair of trousers or drawers; short out any more.
trousers, drawers, breeches. P p`n, s.f. Lowness; inferiority.
P pyiz, s.m. Autumn. H pabi, s.m.=pav, q.v.

480
H pub, adj. (Old H.)=prva, q.v. H papa, pappa, =
H pabrn, v.t.=paben, q.v. H papu, pap, s.m. The
H pabitr, = plant Gardenia latifolia, &c. (=pp, q.v.).
H pabitr, See pavitra and pavitr. H papu, pap, =

H pabitr, = H papa, pappa, s.m. The

plant Gardenia latifolia, &c. (=pp, q.v.).
H pabitr, See pavitra and pavitr.
H papn, v.n.=papiyn, q.v.
H pibiyn (from pb), v.n. To
H pap [S. ], s.f. Thin crust,
become mattery, to suppurate (a sore, &c.).
incrustation; scab, scale, scurf; scales formed by
H pibiyha, s.f. Suppuration, the drying up of the moist earth; incrustation
mattering. formed on any liquid; thin, crisp cake (made of
H paben [S. +++ ], flour, &c.):pap jamn or jm-jn, v.n. To
v.t. To throw, cast, throw about, to scatter (seed, form a crust; to crystallize: papiy--kat or kath,
&c.), to sow. s.f. A kind of white-coloured kath or extract
S pips, s.f. Thirst; desire in of Mimosa catechu.
general (v. pys):pips-vn, pips-vant, H papiyn (from pap), v.n.
adj. Thirsty, &c.=pips, q.v. To form a crust or scab, &c.; to scale; to
S pipsit, = crystallize (=pap jamn).
H papl [S. +], adj. (f. -
S pipsan, =
), Scabby, scaly, scurfy.
S pipsu, =
S pippal, s.m. The holy fig-
S pips, adj. Thirsting, thirsty, tree, Ficus religiosa (com. ppal); sensual
athirst; eagerly desirous (=pys, q.v.). enjoyment.
S pipsan, = H pupln, v.t. contrac.
S pipsit, = of pulpuln, q.v.
S pippalak, s.m. A nipple.
S pipsu, =
H papalms, s.m.=paparms,
S pips, adj. Thirsting, thirsty,
q.v.
athirst; eagerly desirous (=pys, q.v.).
S pippal, vulg. pipl, s.f. Long
S pipsu, =
pepper:pippal-ml, s.m. Root of long
S pipsit, = pepper.
S pipsan, = H papn [S. ?], s.f. Eyelash
S pips, adj. Thirsting, thirsty, (syn. palak).
athirst; eagerly desirous (=pys, q.v.). H papo [S. +], s.m.
S pips, = Eyelid.
S pipsit, = H papoan, s.f. A kind of
tree, Paretta indica(?), and its fruit (the leaves
S pipsan, = of the tree are used for poultices).
S pipsu, adj. Thirsting, thirsty, H pipaul, s.f. The fruit of
athirst; eagerly desirous (=pys, q.v.). the ppal or holy fig-tree.
S pippa, s.f. A kind of sweetmeat. H papoln [S. ++], v.n.
H papar-ms, s.m. The name To munch or mumble, to masticate (as an old
given in Southern India to the Pompelmose or man does who has no teeth; cf. pol).
Pumelo (in Northern India it is called akotr). H puph, s.m. (Old H.)=pushp, q.v.
H papa, pappa, = H papih, s.m.=paph, q.v.
H pap s.m. Crust, &c.=ppa, q.v. H papaiy, s.m. The Papaw tree, and
H pap = its fruit, Carica papaya; a child's whistle
(=paph).
H papa, pappa, s.m. Crust,
H pipyn, v.n.=pibiyn, q.v.
&c.=ppa, q.v.

481
S piptak, s.f. The twelfth day of H pit, s.m. (Old H.)=pit, q.v.
the light half of the month Baiskh (when S pitt, and H. pit, s.m. The bilious
giving away water is an act of merit;so called
humour, bile, gall; anger, &c. (see pitt):pit-
after the BrhmanPiptaka).
pp, s.m. The medicinal plant Oldenlandia
S piplak, s.m. A large black ant biflora:pitt-jwar, s.m. Bilious fever;pitta-
(syn. y). ghna, adj. Bile-destroying, antibilious:pitta-
S piplik, s.f. The common ghn, s.f. The plant Cocculus cordifolius;
or Menispermum glabrum.
small red ant (syn. y).
S pitu, s.m. Juice; drink.
H paph, papph [S. ,
H pitu, s.m. (Poet.)=pit.
or +], s.m. A species of
cuckoo, Cuculus melanoleneos (syn. ak);a H put, s.m. (Old H.)=putra, pt, qq.v.
child's whistle (=papaiy). S put, s.m. Hell, a particular hell to
H pat [S. ], s.f. Good name, honour, which the childless are said to be condemned.
character, reputation, credit (syn. br):pat H pat [S. ; see next], s.m. Sign,
utrn (-k), To drag down (one's) good name, mark, signal, symptom, token, trace, clue, hint,
&c., to ruin the character, &c. (of), to direction, specification, particular mention;
disgrace:pat jn, v.n. To lose one's good address (of a person), address (or place to
name, &c.; to be discredited, dishonoured, or which one is directed), label; book of
disgraced:pat rakhn (apn), To preserve instructions and regulations (for rent-collectors,
(one's) good name, &c. &c.):pat pn (-k), To obtain a clue (to), to
S pati, and H. pat, s.m. Master, lord, trace, &c.=pat lagn, q.v.:pat den (-k),
owner, proprietor, governor; husband: To give the clue, or direction, or address (of);
patylay (pati+lay), s.m. Husband's house: to direct, point out:pat rakhn, v.n.=pat
pati-brat, vulg. pati-birt, s.m.=pati-vrat, q.v.: lagn, q.v.:pate-k kahn, v.n. To expose
pati-bhv, s.m. The disposition and sentiments (one):pat lagn (-k), To trace out, find
appropriate in a wife towards her husband: out, or discover (the personality, abode,
pati-pad, s.m. The status of a master, or lord, or business, &c. of a person); to follow up a clue;
husband:pati-pr, s.f. A faithful wife to search, search out.
(`whose husband is her life'):pati-sev, s.f. H patt [S. +; Prk. , or ],
Devotion of a wife to her husband:pati-ghn, s.m. Leaf (of a tree); a card; an ornament worn
s.f. A woman who murders her husband, in the upper part of the ear; a leaf-shaped
husband-killer; a line on the hand indicating ornament hanging from an ear-ring:patt to
that a woman will be faithless or treacherous to bhgn or bhg-jn, v.n. To run as fast as one
her husband:pati-vat, pati-vant, pati-vatn, can, to take to one's heels (so called from a
s.f. A woman who possesses a husband, a boy's game in which the runner has to pluck a
married woman, a wife whose husband is leaf from a certain tree and catch one of the rest
living:pati-vrat, vulg. pati-brat, s.m. Loyalty who have run off):patt hon, v.n. To run
or fidelity to a husband; chastity, modesty: off, run away, flee.
pati-vrat, vulg. pati-brat, pati-birt, pati-
bhart, s.f. Faithful, virtuous, and devoted S pit, s.m. Father:pit-putra, s.m.
wife:pati-viyog, s.m. Separation from a Father and son:pit-kh`, s.m. One who
husband. survives his father:pit-ght, pit-ghtik,
H pat, pati [S. ; Prk. ], s.m. A s.m. A parricide:pit mah, s.m. Paternal
grandfather; an epithet of Brahma, the great
leaf (used chiefly as first member of comp.): father of all:pit-mah, pit-mah, s.f.
pat-jh, pat-jha, adj. & s.f. With the leaves Paternal grandmother.
dropped off, leafless;fall of the leaf,
H pitt [S. +], s.m. Bile; the gall-
autumn;pat-jha hon, v.n. To lose its leaves
in autumn (a tree); (met.) to decay (said of an bladder(met.) choler, anger, passion, met tal
aged person):pat-jha, s.f. The fall of the emotion; force of character or will:pitt
leaf, autumn. mrn, v.t. To control or subdue anger, &c., to
restrain one's passions :pitt-mr, adj. &
S patti, s.m. Pedestrian; foot-soldier; s.m. Restraining anger, &c.; attentive;
s.f. The smallest division of an army, company, painstaking;one who subdues wrath, &c.:
platoon (consisting of one chariot, one elephant, pitt marn, v.n. Anger to be restrained, or to
three horsemen, and five foot-soldiers):patti- subside, &c.:pitt nikln (k), To annoy,
pakti, s.f. A line of infantry:patti-saghati,
s.f. A body of troops.

482
harass, worry; to chastise severely, beat to a letter, epistle, document, deed; gold leaf, &c., a
jelly. thin piece, or plate, of metal; a grant or
S patk, s.m. = S patk, conveyance of land engraven on a plate of
metal; lines and signs painted on the face with
s.f. Flag, banner; flag-staff; emblem carried as
musk and other fragrant substances:
an ensign or banner, symbol, sign, mark; a
particular high number; an episode in a drama. patrk (patra+aka), s.m. The figure or
number of the page of a book, paging:
S patk, s.f. = S patk, pattrg, patrg (patra+aga), s.m. Red
s.m. Flag, banner; flag-staff; emblem carried as sanders, Pterocarpus santolinus; red or sappan
an ensign or banner, symbol, sign, mark; a wood; a species of birch:patra-pushp, s.m. A
particular high number; an episode in a drama. species of plant, a red sort of Tuls or
S patk, s.m. Ensign, standard- basil, Ocymum sanctum:patra-pushpak, s.m.
bearer; one who gives a signal. A species of birch (from the bark of
H pattl, patl, s.m.=ptl, q.v. which uqqa snakes, &c. are made):patra-
rajan, s.m. Embellishing a page, illuminating,
H = H pitambar, s.m.=pt- gilding:patra-sir, patra-nik, s.f. The vein
mbar, q.v. or fibre of a leaf:patra-gupta, s.m. A species
H = H pitambar, s.m.=pt- of Euphorbia:patropaskar (patra+up), s.m.
The plant Cassia sophora:
mbar, q.v.
patrottar(patra+ut), s.m. Reply to a letter:
H pat` (from patt), s.f. Collection patrora (patra+r), s.m. The
of leaves (esp. of the sugar-cane). plant Calosanthes Indica; and Bignonia Indica.
H put` [S. ++; cf. S pitri, and H. pittar, pitar, s.m.
H. potn], s.f. The act of plastering, white- Father; paternal ancestor; the manes, or the
washing, &c.; the occupation of a plasterer; deceased and deified progenitors of mankind
price paid for plastering, &c. (inhabiting a peculiar region of heaven, or,
H pati-brat [S. +], s.m. See according to some, the orbit of the moon):
s.v. pati. pitar-rpan, s.m. Gifts in honour of deceased
relatives distributed at the rddhs or funeral
H patpit, s.f. A kind of small bird,
ceremonies:pitri-bandhu, s.m. A remote or
the grass-warbler. cognate kinsman by the father's side (as the son
H patpa, adj. & s.m.=papa, q.v. of the paternal grandfather's sister, or of the
S patit, part. adj. & s.m. (f. ), Fallen, paternal grandmother's sister, or of the father's
maternal uncle):pitri-bhakt, s.m. A child
abject, degraded, abandoned, outcast, guilty,
fondly attached to his father:pitri-bhakti, s.f.
wicked; fallow (land);abject or degraded
Filial attachment to a father:pitri-bhojan, s.m.
person, outcast; guilty person, sinner:patit-
Food offered to the manes of deceased
pvan, adj. Purifying the guilty, an epithet of
the Deity. ancestors:pitri-pitri, pitri-pit, s.m. Father's
father, grandfather:pitri-prpta, adj.
S patit, s.f.=patitwa, q.v. Received from a father, inherited
S patatr, s.f. lit. 'Winged'; a bird; an patrimonially:pitri-pras, s.f. Father's
arrow. mother, grandmother;twilight (the time when
the manes of deceased ancestors are abroad):
S patitwa, s.m. Mastership,
pitri-paksh,pitri-pakh, s.m. The first or dark
proprietorship, lordship; the marital or conjugal fortnight of the month Bhdo (when the
state, matrimony. Hinds celebrate the customary obsequies to the
H pat-jha, adj. & s.m. See s.v. pat, manes of their ancestors);paternal
'leaf.' relationship:pitri-tithi, vulg. pitar-tith, s.f.m.
H pati-din, pat-din, (?), The day of new moon, a day sacred to the
manes of either deceased parent, the day
adv.=prati-din, q.v.
appointed for obsequial rites to deceased
H pattar, s.m.=patthar, q.v. ancestors:pitr-tarpa, s.m. lit. 'Refreshing
S pattra, patra, patr, vulg. pattar, the manes'; gifts in honour of deceased
s.m. Wing of a bird, pinion, feather, feather of progenitors, distributed at the rddhs or
an arrow; any vehicle (e.g. chariot, cart, horse, funeral ceremonies; oblation to the manes; the
camel, &c.); leaf (of a tree, or of a flower, or of act of throwing water out of the right hand at
a book); leaf of the Laurus cassia (syn. tej- seasons of ablution as an offering to the manes
patt); a leaf prepared for writing on, paper; of deceased ancestors in general; the part of the
hand between the forefinger and thumb sacred

483
to the manes:pitri-trth, vulg. pitar-trath,
s.m. 'The place of pilgrimage for progenitors,'
an epithet of the city of Gay (where the
performance of funeral sacrifices is peculiarly
meritorious and efficacious);the part of the
hand between the fore-finger or thumb sacred to
the manes:pitri-jag, s.m.=pitr-yajna, q.v.:
pitri-dn, s.m. A gift in honour of deceased
ancestors, an offering to the manes:pitri-
dhan, s.m. Wealth inherited from a father,
ancestral property:pitri-ri, s.m. The
obligation of an ancestor to posterity, i.e.
procreation; (also)=pitri-kriy, q.v.:pitri-
sthn, s.m. A guardian; the sphere of the
manes:pitri-swas, s.f. Paternal aunt:pitri-
swastrya, s.m. Child of a paternal aunt, a
cousin:piti-rddh, s.m. A funeral ceremony
or obsequial rites in honour of a father or
deceased ancestor:pitri-krya (vulg. pitar-
kj), pitri-karma, s.m.=pitri-kriy, s.f.
Obsequial rites, oblations offered to the spirits
of deceased ancestors:pitri-grih, s.m. A
father's house, paternal mansion; paternal
relations; 'house of ancestors,' burial-ground,
cemetery:pitri-ga, s.m. The whole body of
ancestors collectively; a group or class of
manes or deceased progenitors who were sons
of the Rishis or Prajpatis:pitri-ght, s.m.
Slaying a father, parricide: pitri-ghtak, s.m. A
child who is hostile to his father, a parricide:
pitri-lok, s.m. A father's house, paternal
mansion; the world or sphere of the manes (to
which various situations are ascribed, but
principally the Bhuvas region or mid-
heaven):pitri-log, s.m. Paternal ancestors,
forefathers:pitri-mandir, s.m. A father's
house, paternal mansion; 'dwelling place of
ancestors,' a cemetery:piti-vasati, s.f.=pitri-
van, s.m. 'Abode, or grove, of ancestors,' a
cemetery:piti-haty, s.f. Murder of a father,
parricide:pitri-han, s.m. A parricide:pitri-
yaja, vulg. pitr-yagy, s.m. Sacrifice offered
to the manes, obsequial offerings:pitro-ko
pn den, To offer a libation of water out of
the right hand as an offering to the manes.
S pitara, s.m. pl. Paternal ancestors,
forefathers.
S putra, putr, vulg. putar, puttar, s.m.
Son, child (syn. be, lak):
putrrth (putra+ar), adj. & s.m. Desirous of a
son;one who wishes for a son:putra-bhv,
s.m. The being a son, the state or condition of a
son, sonship:putra-pautr, s.m. One who has
children and grandchildren:putra-pautr,
adj. Descended from son to son; hereditary:
putra-jv, s.m. lit. 'Giving life to children'; the
tree Putranjiwa Roxburghii (from the fruit of
which necklaces are made, supposed to be of
prolific efficacy, and when worn by children to
keep them in good health):putra-re,
s.f. lit. 'Having a row of offspring, i.e. offshoots
and suckers'; the plant Salvinia cucullata:
putra-kmy, s.f. Wish for sons or children,
love of offspring:putra-vn, putra-vant, adj.
& s.m. Having a son, or sons, or children;one
who has a son, &c.:putra-vat, adj. Like a son,
filial:putra-vadhu, vulg. putar-bah, s.f.
Son's wife, daughter-in-law:
putreshi(putra+ish), s.f. A sacrifice performed
to obtain male children, one performed at the
time of adoption.
H pattr, patr [S. ], s.m.
Leaf, &c. (=patra, pattar, q.v.); almanac,
ephemeris, calendar.
S patrk, s.m. =
S patrg, s.m. See
s.v. patra, patr.
S patrg, s.m. =
S patrk, s.m. See s.v. patra, patr.
H pitar`, pitr` (from pitar, pitr
i), s.f. Kinsman, paternal relation from three
generations.
H pitr` [S. 'brass' + +],
s.f. Verdigris, sub-acetate of copper.
S pitrit, s.f. =
S pitritwa, s.m. Fatherhood,
paternity; the state or condition of a pitri or
deified progenitor.
S pitritwa, s.m. =
S pitrit, s.f. Fatherhood, paternity;
the state or condition of a pitri or deified
progenitor.
S putrat, s.f. =
S putratwa, s.m. The circumstance,
or the condition, of being a son; the filial
relation, sonship.
S putratwa, s.m. =
S putrat, s.f. The circumstance, or
the condition, of being a son; the filial relation,
sonship.
S pitrik, adj. Relating or belonging
to parents or progenitors, paternal, parental,
ancestral, obsequial.
S putrak, s.m. Son (=putra, q.v.).
S patrik, s.f. Leaf; written leaf;
page; letter, document (=patra, q.v.).
S putrik, s.f. Daughter, girl (esp.
one who is appointed to marry in order that her
son may perform the solemn obsequies to her
484
own father and not to her husband);doll, H pattal [S. +], s.f. A plate
puppet (=putli):putrik-putra, s.m. The son
or trencher made of leaves; a plate of cakes,
of a daughter who was appointed to raise issue
sweetmeats, &c.:pattal bdhn, v.n. To
for her father (one of the twelve kinds of heirs
withhold or bar the meal or repast (this is done
acknowledged by the old Hind law);
till one of the guests shall have solved the riddle
daughter's son, grandson.
which is proposed by one of the women of the
S patrang, s.m.=patrng, party):pattal kholn, v.n. To open the repast,
q.v.s.v. patra. commence the meal (on the solution of the
H patring, s.m. A kind of bird, proposed riddle).
the fly-catcher, Merops viridis; the fork-tailed S pittal, adj. Relating to the bilious
shrike, or king-crow (syn. bhujang). humour, bilious, secreting bile;brass (more
S pitarau, s.m. (dual), Father and com. ptal, q.v.); a species of birch tree (the
mother, parents. bark of which is used for writing upon;
syn. bhoj-patr).
S patropaskar, =
H patl [S. ], adj. (f. -), Spare,
S patrora, See s.v. patra, patr. emaciate, lean, delicate, weak, feeble; fine,
S patrora, = attenuated, thin (cloth, paper, or liquid),
slender; sharp, tapering; rarefied, subtle:patl
S patropaskar, See
z, s.f. A thin thing; a subtle substance; a fluid
s.v. patra, patr. body:patl l, s.m. Straitened
S pitrivya, s.m. Paternal uncle; any circumstances, bad plight or condition:patl
elderly male relation. karn, v.t. To make thin, &c.; to sharpen (a
H patr [S. ], s.f. Letter, note, pencil, &c.); to rarefy, to liquefy.
epistle (see patra). S pittal, s.f. The plant Jussia
S patr, patr, adj. & s.m. repens.
Winged, feathered;a bird; an arrow; a person H putl [S. ], s.m. Puppet,
riding on any vehicle; a mountain. large doll (see putl), small statue, idol, image,
S putr, vulg. puttr, s.f. A daughter; effigy:putl-bidhn, s.m. Burning in effigy;
the vicarious cremation of an effigy of one who
a species of plant, Siphonanthus Indica. has died at a distance:putl ban-ke jaln,
S putr, adj. & s.m. Having a son, or v.n. To burn in effigy;s.m. Burning in effigy,
sons, or children;a person who has a son, &c. &c.=putl-bidhn.
(=putra-vn). H patl-pan [S. ], s.m.
H putr, s.f.=putl, q.v. Leanness, emaciation, thinness, fineness,
S putreshi (putra+ishi), s.m. See attenuation, minuteness, meagreness,
delicateness, weakness; wateriness; subtleness
s.v. putra. (=patl`).
H patariy, paturiy, H patln, v.t.=patl karn,
s.f.=ptar, ptariy, qq.v. q.v.s.v. patl.
S putrya, adj. Relating or belonging H pittln, pitln [fr.
to a son or child; procuring a son.
P putk, s.m. A smith's hammer S. 'brass'], v.n. To be stained or
(syn. hatau). contaminated with verdigris (as foodesp. of
H patk = pak, q.v. an acid qualitykept in brass or copper
vessels; syn. ptal-se bigan).
S puttik, s.f. The white ant or H patl`, s.f.=patl-pan, q.v.
termite (so called from its doll-like form);a
small kind of bee. H putlik [S. ], =
H patuk, patk [S. +], s.f. S puttalik s.f. Puppet, doll, figure
Small pot, pan (cf. patl); a small earthen of wood.
vessel. S puttalik =
S patag (pata+ga), s.m. Winged or H putlik [S. ], s.f. Puppet,
flying animal; a bird. doll, figure of wood.
H pati-grah, s.m.=prati-grah, q.v. H patlo [S. ; Prk. ], s.m.
Dead leaves fallen from a tree; leaves cut off

485
from the culm of the reed Saccharum S patn, s.f. (of pati), A wife:patn-
spontaneum and used for thatching.
bhg, s.m. Division of property among a man's
H pittal [S. + ], adj. Made of widows.
brass, brazen. H pattan, adj. Commissioned,
H putl [S. ], s.f. Puppet, doll, manufactured by order.
marionette, image; pupil of the eye; the frog of H patauw (see patt), s.m. A leaf.
a horse's hoof; a slim, delicate woman:putl-
k tr karn, v.t. To honour or esteem as the H patwr, =
apple of the eye:putl-k H patwl, [S. +], 'vessel-
swg or sng, putl-k swg n, s.m. guiding'], s.f. Rudder, helm, a large oar or
Puppet-show:putly phirn, v.n. The eyes paddle used as a rudder.
to turn up in dying.
H patwl, =
H pitambar, s.m.=ptmbar, q.v.
H patwr, [S. +], 'vessel-
H patimbar [S. +], s.f. A
guiding'], s.f. Rudder, helm, a large oar or
woman who chooses her husband for herself; paddle used as a rudder.
the plant Nigella Indica.
H patws [S. +], s.m. A
H patma`, s.f. Sowing fresh sugar-
perch or roost for a falcon or hawk.
cane after cutting the old.
H putwn (caus. of potn, q.v.),
S patan, s.m. Falling; fall; falling from
v.t. To cause to be smeared or plastered, &c.
dignity, virtue, &c.; hanging down, becoming
H putw`, s.f. The act of
slack; death.
plastering, &c.=put`, q.v.
S pattan, s.m. City, town, settlement,
S pati-vrat, = S pati-
colony (chiefly used, like bd, in comp.,
e.g. Srrangpattan, 'Seringapatam'). vrat, See s.v. pati.
H pattan, s.m. The act of ordering S pati-vrat, =
goods from a manufacturer (cf. pan). S pati-vrat, See s.v. pati.
H patn, s.m. Ora vulv. H patriy, s.f.=paturiy, ptur,
S patanjali, s.m. Name of a q.v.
saint or muni, teacher of the Yoga philosophy H pat-want, s.f.=pati-vatn,
(thence called ptanjala); name of the q.v.s.v. pati.
celebrated author of the Mah-bhshya or great H patoh, =
commentary on Pini.
H patoh, [S. +], s.f. Son's
S patang (patan+ga), s.m. A bird; a
wife daughter-in-law.
flying insect, grasshopper, moth; a paper kite
(syn. kankauw); the sun; a ball for playing H patoh, =
with (syn. ged); a name of Krisha:patang H patoh, [S. +], s.f. Son's wife
un, v.n. To fly a kite:patang-bz, s.f. daughter-in-law.
Kite-flying.
S path, s.m. Path, course, way, road,
H patang, s.m. Sappan wood,
highway:path-ar, s.m. Travelling
&c.=patrng, q.v.s.v. patra. expenses; provisions for a journey:path-
H patang, pating [S. +], darak, s.m. 'Way-showing, or shower'; guide,
s.m. A flying insect; moth; grasshopper; a spark leader, director, conductor:path-rodhak, s.m.
(of fire), a live coal:patang hon, v.n. To One who guards a way.
move about briskly, go rapidly about a H path [S. ], s.m. Proper, fit, or
business. wholesome food (for a patient), diet, regimen;
S patangik, s.f. A small bird; a spoon-diet, broth, soup;syrup, sherbet (esp.
sort of bee. as a regimen).
S patang, s.f. Name of one of the S pathi-drum, s.m. The tree
wives of Trksha, and mother of the patagas or Acacia catechu; or Mimosa alba.
flying animals.
H patthar, pathar [S. ;
Prk. ], s.m. Stone, rock; precious stone,

486
gem; hailstone; anything hard, troublesome,
trying, intolerable, &c.;adj. Hard; hard-
hearted; heavy; dull; difficult; disagreeable,
intolerable, &c.:patthar-bz, s.m. One who
plays at stone-throwing; one who is fond of, or
is addicted to, throwiug stones;patthar-bz,
s.f. Stone-throwing; fondness for stone-
throwing:patthar barasn, v.n. To hail:
patthar pn ho-jn, v.n. The melting of a stony
heart; a difficult task to be facilitated:patthar
pan (-par), Stones to fall (upon); to hail; to be
crushed under a shower of stones or hailstones;
to be overwhelmed with trouble, &c.; to be
injured, ruined or destroyed:patthar pasjn,
v.n. A stony heart to be softened or melted:
patthar-pho, s.m. A breaker of stones;the
woodpecker, Picus:patthar phekn (-par),
To throw stones (at), to pelt with stones:
patthar-tale hth n or dabn = patthar tale
dman dabn, v.n. To be entangled in
difficulties:patthar-a, s.m. Stone-cutter,
lapidary; (cf. next):patthar-a, s.m. One
who is attached to the very stones of his house
and who clings to it even in distress; a skinflint;
a kind of serpent; a sort of fish; a sort of pot-
herb:patthar an, v.t. To put (a knife, &c.),
to the grindstone or hone; to whet or sharpen (a
knife, &c.):patthar-r, s.m. The plant
Plectranthus aromaticus:patthar ht-par
rakhn (or ht par patthar rakhn), v.n. To be
patient by compulsion, or from being without
remedy, to suffer patiently:patthar hon,
v.n. lit. 'To carry stones'; to labour hard:
patthar s phek-mrn, v.t. To give a rude or
sharp answer; to reply rashly without
understanding the meaning of one's question; to
give a blunt refusal:patthar-se sir phon or
mrn, v.t. lit. 'To break one's own head with a
stone'; to teach or instruct a fool:patthar-k
hp, s.m. Lithography; a lithograph:
patthar-k dil, s.m. Stony or hard heart; hard-
heartedness:patthar-k farsh, s.m. A
pavement:patthar-kal, s.m. A firelock:
patthar-k ht, s.f.=patthar-k dil, q.v.:
patthar-k lakr, adj. lit. 'A line engraved on
stone'; ineffaceable, ineradicable, unalterable:
patthar-vh, s.m. Stoning (as a punishment):
patthar hon, v.n. To become stone, to be
petrified (=pathrn); to become hard as stone,
to become rigid; to be heavy or burdensome; to
be unmerciful; to receive no impression, to be
impervious (to); to be fixed or immovable, to be
still as a statue, be stable, stand still; to freeze,
to congeal; to be stone-blind; to become useless
or unserviceable.
H patthr, s.m. A kind of stone H path-wr (wr = S. v),
weight.
H pathrn, v.n. To be petrified;
to become hard, to indurate, &c. (=patthar hon,
q.v.s.v. patthar).
H , pathr`o (v.n. of
pathr`ona = pathrn), s.m. Stoning:pathr`o
karn, v.t. To stone.
H pathrau, s.m. = H
pathrau, s.f. (dim.) [S.
++], A bowl of stone.
H pathrau, s.f. (dim.) = H
pathrau, s.m. [S.
++], A bowl of stone.
H patthr, pathr (dim. of
patthar), s.f. Grit, gravel, stone; a flint; hone,
whetstone; stone or gravel in the bladder,
calculus; a gizzard.
H pathrel, pathrail = H
pathrl, pathrail [S.
+], adj. (f. -), Stony, rocky; gravelly;
gritty.
H pathrl, pathrail = H
pathrel, pathrail [S.
+], adj. (f. -), Stony, rocky; gravelly;
gritty.
S pathik, s.m. (f. - and -),
Traveller, wayfarer, passenger, sojourner;
guide, one who knows the way:pathik-ray,
pathik-griha, s.m. Refuge or resting-place for
travellers, halting-place, waiting-place, inn,
caravansary:pathik-hn, adj. Unfrequented,
untravelled, deserted (as a road, or a
caravansary).
H patthal, s.m.=patthar, q.v.
S pathin, s.m. Road, &c.=path, q.v.;
one of the divisions of hell.
H pathn (see pthn), v.n. To be
made into cakes (cowdung).
s.f. Place where cowdung is patted into cakes.
487
S pathy, s.f. The tree Terminalia Reduction or decrease occasioned by lands
being left uncultivated.
chebula, or T. citrina;a species of metre in
Sanskrit poetry.
H patr (from patt), s.f. A kind of
S pathya, adj. & s.m. Belonging to a mat.
road; furthering, helping; agreeing with, proper,
fit, suitable, wholesome (used in a medical H patl, adj. Thin, &c.=patl, q.v.
sense of diet, regimen, &c);wholesome diet,
&c.=path, q.v. P patl [A. fatl], s.m. Match, or wick, for a
lamp, candle-wick; a linstock (also written
S pati, s.m. See pati, 'Master.' fatl):patl-soz, s.f. A lamp-stand.

H patl, = P patla, [S. ], s.m. A

H patt [S. +], s.f. Leaf;
copper pot or pan with a wide mouth, a
leaves; hemp-leaves (of which an intoxicating
cauldron:patla, also=patl, q.v.
potion is made); a leaf or thin plate (of metal); a
hem; a share (=pa):patt jhn (-k), To
beat off the leaves (of trees):patt jhan, v.n. P patla, = H patl, [S. ], s.m. A
To shed its leaves (a tree):patt-dr, s.m. copper pot or pan with a wide mouth, a
Share-holder (=pa-dr). cauldron:patla, also=patl, q.v.

H pata`, patai, s.m. Straw or H patl (dim. of patla), s.f. A small pot or
pan.
grass spread over a field to protect the fresh-
planted roots from the sun.
H pa [S. , or ], adj. Lying flat,
H pitt (from pitt, 'bile'), s.f. An itchy lying on the face, upside down, overturned,
upset; prone, inclined; falling flat, useless,
eruption on the body, hives, Varisella globularis ineffective (as the blow of a sword, &c.); lying
(allied to the chicken-pox):pitt nikaln, v.n. uncultivated, fallow, waste (land); uninhabited,
Hives to break out. deserted (village); lying neglected, forgotten,
effaced, wiped out;s.m. A willing catamite:
H pattiy, patiy [S. pa-par or pa-pa (pa+par, or pa+pa, rt. of
], s.f. A small leaf, leaflet; a letter; pan), adj. & s.m. Level, flat; bare of trees,
&c.; a bare plain, a desert waste; moist land
written opinion given by Pandits on a point of
Hind law. caked by sunshine after rain or a flood:pa-
par-k n`o, s.f. A bullock cart:pa-pa, s.m.
A flat surface; a bare plain, &c. (=papa);
H pitiy, pity, s.m. Paternal
flatness, evenness:pa-pa, s.f. The
uncle=pitrivya, q.v. temple:pa ho-jn, v.n. To be closed.

H patiyr, patyr, s.f. patwr, q.v. H pa [S. ], s.m. Sound of falling,

or of breaking or of beating;adv. Quickly,
H patiyr, patyr [S. instantly, at once, in a trice:pa--pa, pa-pa
+], s.m. Belief, confidence, trust, (S. paa-paa), s.m. Continuous sound of
beating, or of falling rain, &c.;adv.
reliance, dependence.
Continuously, without ceasing:pa-pa, s.m.
A beating;pa-pa den, v.t. To give (a child)
H pitiyn, patyn [S. a beating.
], v.t. To believe, credit, trust,
confide in, depend on. H pa [S. , or ], s.m. Cloth,
coarse cloth or canvas; piece of cloth; fold of
H pitiyn, pityn (see pitiy), cloth; covering, screen, veil; a chequered cloth
s.f. Father's sister, paternal aunt. or board (on which chess, &c. is played); chair,
throne; turban, tiara (in this sense it occurs in
comp., as pa-rn); a royal grant engraved on
H patt [S. ], s.m. Fallow land,
copper or stone, &c.:pa-dev, pa-rn, s.f. A
uncultivated or waste land:patt-kam, s.f. queen (decorated with the tiara), the principal

488
wife of a rj or king (=p-rn):pa kholn fuller's board, board, table; seat; a lock of hair,
(-k), To open, or to remove, a screen; to take ringlet, curl; the collar of a horse, or of a dog,
off or remove a covering; to lift, or to remove, a &c.; girth of a horse; shoulder-strap and badge
veil:pa-vastra, s.m. The kind of cloth called (of a peon, &c.); gold or silver threads of an old
pa. native shoe; an ornament (worn by women as
an appendage to the bl); an ornament for the
H pa [S. ], s.m. Leaf of a door; forehead, frontlet; a deed (com. a title-deed to
land), a deed of lease; a code or book of
valve of a folding door; door, shutter:pa regulations for the guidance of rent-
uhaln, pa uakn, pa band karn, pa collectors:pa utrn (-k), To take off the
bhen, pa lagn, pa mrn, v.n. To close a strap and badge, to dismiss from service:
door:pa kholn, v.n. To open a door. pa-pher, s.m. Exchange of seats by the bride
and bridegroom at the conclusion of a (Hindu)
S pau, adj., see pau. marriage ceremony:pa turn or tur-
jn, v.n. 'To break the collar and go off'; to get
S paa, pa, s.m. Slab, tablet (for loose, to run away:pa ta`alluq, s.m. A
dependent lease:pa hk, pa heke-
painting); plate (of metal, for inscription or
dr, s.m. A farming lease:pa jan--jt,
engraving of royal edicts, grants, &c.); patent,
s.m. Lease granted to tenants individually:
document, royal grant or order (written on
copper, stone, &c); seat, chair, throne; a strip; pa g, s.m. A private lease:pa-
frontlet; turban, tiara, diadem; woven silk; an dr, pae-dr, s.m. Lease-holder, lessee:
upper or outer garment; bandage, ligature, &c.; pa dah-sl, s.m. Ten year's lease:pa-
city, town, village;the plant Corchorus dene-wl, s.m. Granter of a lease, lessor:
olitorius (from the fibres of the bark of which, pa-rahan, s.m. Mortgage lease:pa-
called jute, a coarse sackcloth and cordage are salm, s.m. Fine, fee, or complimentary
prepared):paa-ja, paaj, s.m. A kind of present of money, on the grant of a lease:
canvas or sackcloth:pa-dev, pa-rn, s.f. pa-qablyat, s.m. Settlement paper:pae-
The principal queen, queen-consort (=pa- wr, adj. & adv. According to shares or
rn; pt-rn):pa-rang, s.m. The assessment.
plant Csalpina sappan (used in dyeing): H pa--pa, s.m. see s.v. pa,
paa-k, s.m. The pot-herb Corchorus 'Sound of beating.'
capsularis. H papar, s.m. A kind of fruit.
S pua, pu, s.m. The contracting or H pa, s.m.=pak, q.v.
narrowing of anything; the folding or doubling H pir [S. +dim. aff. r =
of anything; fold, cavity, concavity; cup or
concavity made of a folded leaf; cover, S. ], s.m. A large basket (generally of cane or
covering; a cloth worn on the privities; a horse's wicker-work) covered with leather;
hoof; a menstruum, solvent, flux. portmanteau; box (for clothes).
H pa [S. 'blade'], s.m. A straight, H pir [S, +], s.m. Name of
long, and broad sword with two edges; a an order of Hindu mendicants (syn. aghor-
wooden sword or foil (used in fencing, &c.), a panth).
cudgel; a board on which Hinds sit whilst H pir (dim. of pir), s.f. A
eating their meals or performing religious
small basket; a box; a betel-box (=pn-dn):
ceremonies (=pa); a streak, stripe, broad
pr-k ar, s.m. The allowance made to a
line; a kind of bracelet; half the beard or one
wife for betel (among Mohammadans).
side of the face; a leaf of the American aloe or
of any similar plant; the head-stall of a bridle; a H pir, s.f. A weevil, an insect
long narrow slip or strip of coarse cloth, bred in rice, &c.
matting, &c.:pae bz, s.m. One who plays H pak [S. +, or ], s.m. A
with foils or cudgels, a fencer; a man who fights loud sound, a bursting sound, a crash:pak-
with sword and shield;(met.), coquette, se, adv. With a crash, loud, loudly.
wanton, strumpet:pae-bz, s.f. Playing with
H pak, =
foils or cudgels, fencing:pa kheln, v.n. To
practice with foils, to fence. H pakh, (from pak), s.m.
H pa [S. , or +], s.m. A Cracker; squib; a gun-cap.
board on which Hinds sit whilst eating their
meals or performing religious ceremonies; a

489
H pakh, = arietinum:pa phern (-par), To pass
the pa(over land), to harrow:pa kar-
H pak, (from pak), s.m. den, v.t. To make level, to level, raze,
Cracker; squib; a gun-cap. demolish, destroy, lay waste; to deprive of
S pak, s.f. Flag, banner. power or strength, render helpless or powerless;
to convict (an adversary) and leave him without
H pan (caus. of pan, q.v.; and
reply.
see also pn), v.t. To cause to be boarded,
H pa = H par, [S. ,
roofed, or covered; to place the beams on the
roof of a house; to board (a room); to water, or + dim. aff. ], s.m. A plank; a plank
irrigate (a field); to prepare a auk with with low side supports (to sit on); a plank on
cowdung or earth dissolved in water; to fill up, which a washerman beats clothes; a long thick
make level (a hole, &c.); to realize the amount plank used as a harrow; a board on which flour
(of a bill, &c.); to pay money, settle (an is kneaded, &c.;unripe grain, Cicer
account), conclude (a bargain). arietinum:pa phern (-par), To pass
H pin (caus. of pn), v.t. To the pa(over land), to harrow:pa kar-
cause to be beaten, to get (one) beaten; to cause den, v.t. To make level, to level, raze,
to beat (=piwn). demolish, destroy, lay waste; to deprive of
power or strength, render helpless or powerless;
H , pa`o (v.n. of pan), s.m.
to convict (an adversary) and leave him without
Roofing (a house with tiles, &c.); covering (a reply.
floor, &c.) with boards; apparatus for roofing or
H par, = H pa, (dim.
covering (such as) beams, rafters, planks, &c.;
watering, or flooding (a field), irrigation. of par), s.f. A narrow slip of wood or metal; a
H pa-bandhak [S. , board, slate or slab (for writing on; syn. paiy);
the vanes of a Venetian window; a tile; the
or +], s.m. Mortgage; pledge; a banks of a canal, &c.; an avenue; a firm seat on
pledge of which the usufruct pays both the horseback; an armlet or bracelet of brass, gilt,
principal and interest within a definite period gold, or silver.
(and thus ensures its own redemption). H pa, = H par, (dim.
H pa- of par), s.f. A narrow slip of wood or metal; a
bjn [S. ++], s.m. A fire-fly board, slate or slab (for writing on; syn. paiy);
(syn. jugn; shab-tb). the vanes of a Venetian window; a tile; the
banks of a canal, &c.; an avenue; a firm seat on
H pipiiy, adj. & s.m. horseback; an armlet or bracelet of brass, gilt,
Combing or carding (wool, &c.);one who gold, or silver.
combs or cards (wool, cotton, &c.). H pur, s.f.=pol, q.v.
H pa-par, = H pa-pa, adj. H paa-jt (irr. Ar. pl. of paa = pa),
& s.m., see s.v. pa, 'lying flat.' s.m. Deeds of lease, title-deeds to land.
H pa-pa, = H pa-par, adj. H pa-sl, s.m.=ph-l,
& s.m., see s.v. pa, 'lying flat.' q.v.s.v. ph.
S pautva,
paut, s.f. = S H pa-san [S. +], s.m. The
s.m. (from pau), Sharpness, keenness, plant Crotolaria juncea.
cleverness, dexterity, expertness, skill, S pai, s.m. A spear with a sharp
vigilance, activity; vigour, virility; eloquence.
edge.
pautva, s.m. = S
S paut,
S pai, s.m. A person armed
s.f. (from pau), Sharpness, keenness,
with a pai or spear.
cleverness, dexterity, expertness, skill,
vigilance, activity; vigour, virility; eloquence. H patak, s.m. Throwing, dashing
S paaja, paaj, s.m. See s.v. paa. down; throw, dash, fall
(see paakn and pakan).
H par, = H pa [S. ,
S paak, s.m. Cotton cloth; camp,
or + dim. aff. ], s.m. A plank; a plank encampment.
with low side supports (to sit on); a plank on S paak, s.m. Document; bandage;
which a washerman beats clothes; a long thick
plank used as a harrow; a board on which flour frontlet (see paa and pa).
is kneaded, &c.;unripe grain, Cicer

490
S piak, s.m. The tartar or excretion kind); public subscription paper; cess,
of the teeth. assessment;a kind of sweetmeat (=p):
pa bdhn (-par), To apply a bandage, &c.
H pak [S. , or +], s.m. A (to a sore or wound); to bandage (the eyes), to
cloth worn round the waist, girdle, sash, belt; a blindfold:pa-par qbi rahn, To retain in
layer of mortar in a brick wall:pak severalty:pa pahn, v.t. To teach the
bdhn (-par), To gird up the loins (for), to letters (to a child) from the pa or board; (fig.)
prepare (for), or determine (on, an act, to explain (anything to anyone), to give a lesson
enterprise, &c.):pak pakan (-k), 'To (to); to advise, counsel; to put (one) up to (some
seize the belt (of); to hinder, hold back, prevent, trick or roguery); to cheat, deceive, take in:
obstruct. pa paka-ke hilte rahn, A phrase used to
S paik, s.f. A ribbon; a turban- denote either excessive weakness or excessive
cloth (cf. pa). laziness:pa ton, v.n. To be bedridden:
H pakr, s.m. = pa-dr, s.m. Holder or proprietor of a pa or
share in a coparcenary village or estate, a
H pakr, s.f. =phakr, q.v. coparcener:pa-dr, s.f. Coparcenary
H pakr, s.f. = tenure; an estate held in severalty:pa-dr
n-mukammal, s.f. Coparcenary tenure where
H pakr, s.m. =phakr, q.v. part of the land is divided and part held in
H pakrn, = common; tenure of an estate in partial
severalty:pa den, v.t.=pa pahn,
H pakn, v.t.=paakn, q.v.
q.v.:pa-wr, adj. & adv. According to
H pakn, = shares, holdings, assessment, &c.:paiy
H pakrn, v.t.=paakn, q.v. jamn (-par), To paste the hair down (on the
temples).
H pakan (see paakn), s.f. A
knock-down, a fall; a sharp blow; prostration, H pa, s.f.=ph, q.v.
after-effects (of a disease, &c.); disquiet,
restlessness, uneasiness:pakan khn, v.n.
To be thrown, to fall on the ground with force S pu, s.f. A cup or concavity made of
(see next). a leaf folded or doubled; a plate or platter made
H pakan, s.m. A throw or fall (in of leaves (=pu, q.v.).
wrestling &c.); a knock-down:pakan
H paiy [S. ], s.f. A slip of
den (-ko), pakan sunn, To dash (one)
down, to give a violent fall (in wrestling): board (used as a slate for writing on=pa),
pakan khn, v.n. To have a severe fall, be tablet, slab of stone, slate.
thrown violently (in wrestling); to be knocked
down. H paiyl, s.m. Piling a heap of
H paakn [S. , pas or writing boards on a boy's back (a
rt. ++; see pan], v.t. To dash punishment resorted to in Hind schools).
against, to knock down, dash down, to throw
(one) down with violence; to throw about (the H paait [S. +], s.m. Lease-
arms and legs) convulsively;v.n. To abate, holder; a village priest.
row or series of rafters that cover one side of a
house; side piece of the frame of a bedstead H paait [S. , H. +], s.m.
(=p); parting of the hair in the middle; side- One who practises with foils, &c.; fencer;
locks of hair over each temple; lath (of split cudgel-player;a lout, a blockhead.
bamboo, &c.); spokes of a wheel; a ledge; line,
row; a rule to draw lines by; a small plank,
H paer, s.m.=pan, q.v.
board, tablet, table (as in 'plane-table'); a small
rectangular board on which children write
(=p); a morsel of betel-leaf made up with H paer, = H paer, [S.
betel-nut, lime, &c. (=b; pn); a foil, &c. ], s.m. The plant Cyperus hexastachyus
(=pa); piece, part, portion; division of a
communis; the reed or flag Cyperus papyrus; a
village; division of land into portions or strips;
long coarse grass (used as fodder for elephants,
holding or tenure in coparcenary; a written
and made into mats, and rain-cloaks or hoods
order or patent; a title to a certain tenure of
for the poorer classes).
land; list, statement, invoice, document (of any

491
 H pujn (caus. of pjn), v.t. To
H paer, = H paer, [S. cause to worship.
], s.m. The plant Cyperus hexastachyus
communis; the reed or flag Cyperus papyrus; a H pujn [fr. S. , ], v.t.
long coarse grass (used as fodder for elephants, To fill; to complete; to accomplish.
and made into mats, and rain-cloaks or hoods
for the poorer classes). H pajw, s.m.=pazwa, q.v.

H pael [S. =H. +], s.m.

H pujw, s.m.=pujp, q.v.
Fencing with the pa; cudgelling:pael ln
(-me, or -par), To interrupt, to throw obstacles
(in the way of); to cudgel, to beat. H puj`on, v.t.=pujn.

H pael [S. +], s.m. H pajarn, = H

Sovereignty; a chief among the Kumb tribe; a
Kumb; the headman of a village, a title of
Marhas.
H pael, paail [S.
+], s.m. A stone, slab, slate; a log or
plank used as a harrow; a large flat-bottomed
boat.
H patel, s.m.=paer, q.v. burning fever.
pajaln, [S. +], v.n. To catch fire, to
burn or blaze; to be burnt or consumed, become
ashes; to be inflamed or incensed; to be in a
burning fever.
H pajaln, = H
pajarn, [S. +], v.n. To catch fire, to
burn or blaze; to be burnt or consumed, become
ashes; to be inflamed or incensed; to be in a

H paln (see pael), v.t. To H pujn, v.t.=pjn, q.v.

wring from, extort, exact; to subdue; to capture,
catch; to win, gain, net; to cheat, cozen; to H pujn [fr. S. ], v.n. To be
cudgel, beat:pal-ln, v.t. Idem. filled; to be completed.

H pael (dim. of pael), s.f. A H pujwn (caus. of pjn),

small flat-bottomed boat. v.t.=pujn, q.v.

H pam [fr. S. or ], H pujwn (caus. of pujn), v.t.

s.m. The plank on which cloth is spread for To cause to fill; to complete (=pujn).
printing.
H pajau, pajo (dim. of
H pan, paain, s.m. A pj), adj. & s.m. Low, mean, vile, shabby,
species of bird, the green fly-catcher, Merops &c.=pj, q.v.
viridis.
H pajeb, s.m. corr. of p-zeb,
H pa-wr, adv. see s.v. pa. q.v.s.v. p.

H pujp [S. +; or H pa [S. ], s.f. Support,

+], s.m. The apparatus of worshipping; countenance, protection, defence; partisanship
offerings, libations; things scattered about in (=pah; imyat); prejudice, bigotry;
disorder. pertinacity, obstinate adherence (to, -k).

H pujr [S. ; or S pa, adj. Cooking, baking, roasting;

digesting (used at the end of comp.).
+], s.m. Worshipper; a priest who
officiates at a shrine and lives upon the
H pa [S. ], adj. Five (used in
offerings made to the idol.
comp. for p): pa-pakwn, s.f. Five kinds of

492
sweetmeats served at a feast (viz. khajt; H pas [S. ], adj.
khurma; imrat; la; kaaur):pa-pahlu, Eighty-five.
adj. & s.m. Five-sided, pentagonal;a five-
sided figure, a pentagon (=muammas):pa-
dhtu, s.m.=pa-ras, s.m. Bell-metal, a kind of H pan (caus of pan), v.t. To
bronze:pa-rang, pa rang, adj. Of five digest; to assimilate; to cause to rot, to rot, to
different colours:pa-kalyn, s.m. A horse ferment; to spend, or to do away with the
whose four legs are half white and that has also property of another dishonestly or wrongfully;
white spots on the head:pa-khan, pa-khan, to embezzle:pa-ln, v.t.
adj. & s.m. Consisting of five parts or divisions (intensive)=pan.
(a house, &c.);a five-storied house; five H panavve,
rooms, or spaces, in a row:pa-kh, s.m. A
panave, panve [S. ], adj. Ninety-
pentagon (syn. panj-gosha; muammas):
pa-guiy, s.m. A game played (by boys) with five.
five pebbles:pa-la, adj. & s.m. Consisting
of five rows or strings (a necklace, &c.);a H pa`o, = H paw,
necklace of five strings:pa-la, s.f.=pa- (v.n. of pan), s.m. Digestion, assimilation;
la:pa-lon, s.m. A digestive composed of &c. (see pan).
five kinds of salt:pa-maall, pa-mal,
adj. (f. -), & s.m. Consisting of five stories, H paw, = H pa`o,
rooms, or apartments (a house);a five-storied (v.n. of pan), s.m. Digestion, assimilation;
house (=pa-khan):pa-mel, adj. & s.m. &c. (see pan).
Mixed, confused, unsorted, heterogeneous;a
mixture composed of five different ingredients;
H pa-pa, pi-pi [S.
mixture, mess, hodge-podge:paotar,
paotr (S. pana+uttara), s.m. Duty, or redupl.; or onomat.], s.m.f. (?), The noise
commission, of five per cent.:paorat, s.m. made in walking in mire, &c.; plash, splash,
Five per cent. (=paotr):pa-hatt, adj. Five squash.
hands high; very tall.
H papa, pipi, adj.
S piu, s.m. See piu.
(f. -), Soft, flaccid, flabby; clammy, moist;
watery, plashy (soil).
S pa, s.f. The act of cooking;
cooking. H papan,
pipin, v.n. To be damp, clammy, moist, or
H pur [S. , i.e. wet; to sweat.
++], s.m. A woollen rag for
H papan [S. ], adj.
applying grease or ointment (to); plaister-brush,
brush (for white-washing, &c.); sponge (of a Fifty-five:papan-sla qnn, s.m. The rule
gun); a thin coating of clay or white-wash: under which a Government servant (in India) is
pur phern (-par), pur den (-ko), To compelled to retire from service on attaining his
wipe with a wet, or a greasy, cloth; to lay on a fifty-fifth year of age.
thin coat of clay or whitewash; to sponge (a
gun); to give a gloss (to), to polish, clean, H patn, v.n.=pahtn, q.v.
embellish, adorn; to soap, butter, soft sawder; to
excite, instigate.
H patoliy, s.m. A kind of
cloth.
H pas [S. ], adj. Fifty.
S pia, s.m. Inflammation of the
H pas, s.m. A weight or scale
eyes, opthalmia.
of fifty rupees or tols.
H paar [S. +; or from rt.
H pasw [S.
'to spread'], s.m. A piece of wood driven
+], adj. Fiftieth. between the handle and head of an axe or adze,
&c., to make the handle fast; a wedge; a slip of
wood used to fill up a crevice or opening:

493
paar an, paar lagn (-me), To insert a
slip of wood (into a crack or opening), to put in S piul, s.m. Cotton; the tamarisk,
a wedge:paar mrn, v.t. To obstruct, Tamarix Indica; the plant Barringtonia
thwart, frustrate, put a spoke in the wheel (of); acutangula; a kind of cormorant or sea-crow.
to tease, harass, distress.
H pa-khan, = H
H piar-piar, s.m.=pa-pa,
q.v. pa-la, = H pa-lon, See s.v.
pa, 'five.'
H pa-ras, s.m. see s.v. pa, 'five.'
H pa-la, = H
S paak, adj. & s.m. Cooking;a pa-khan, = H pa-lon, See
cook. s.v. pa, 'five.'

S piuk, s.m. The plant Vangueria H pa-lon, = H

spinosa.
H piukk, s.m.=pauk; pikr,
qq.v.
H pukr, s.m.=pur, q.v.
H pukrn [S. +],
v.t. To coax (a horse) by stroking, &c.; to
stroke, pat, caress, coax, &c.; to urge (a horse) pa, 'five.'
on, put (a horse) to speed.
H pukr, s.f. The act of
stroking, patting, &c.:pukr den (-ko), To
stroke, &c.=pukrn, q.v.
pa-khan, = H pa-la, See s.v.
pa, 'five.'
S paam-pa, s.m. A species
of Curcuma, C. aromatica, or C. xanthorrhiza.
S piu-mard, s.m. See s.v. piu.
H pa-mel, adj. & s.m. See s.v.
S paan, s.m. The act of cooking,
cooking; becoming entirely cooked; ripening;
putrefying; anything that cooks or matures; a
frying-pan.

H pikr [S. +; cf. H pan [pa = Prk. ()=S.

pikn], s.f. A squirt, syringe; clyster,
(), pass. of rt. ], v.n. To undergo
enema:pikr den (-ko), To give a clyster or
enema (to):pikr-k jullb, s.m. A clyster, digestion, be concocted in the stomach, be
an enema:pikr len, v.n. To take an digested; to be swallowed, eaten up, devoured,
enema:pikr mrn (-ko), To squirt, consumed, disposed of, done away with so as
discharge water, &c. at from a syringe. not to be disgorged (property, &c. wrongfully
or dishonestly possessed of):to have been so
enjoyed, spent, or disposed of (property, &c.) as
H pikn (caus. of piakna),
to permit no fear of detection and punishment;
v.t. To press together, press flat, to squeeze; to to be swallowed and enjoyed without
shrivel, wrinkle; to burst; to cause to sink or go repugnance or remorse: to be, or to lie, soaking
down; to reduce a swelling. in any mess; to rot, ferment, putrefy; to labour
hard (at, -par), take pains, drudge, sweat, grind;
H piakn [piak = Prk. to be tired out, exhausted; to be concealed, kept
(), or (), fr. S. + ], close (a secret):pa-jn, v.n.
(intens.)=pan:pa-marn, v.n. To be
v.n. To be pressed or squeezed, to be flattened; worked to death:pa-hrn, v.n. To toil and
to be dinted; to be shrivelled; to be reduced (a lose, to labour in vain.
swelling).
S pia, piin, s.m. The
H pakh [S. ], s.f. A
belly or abdomen, the stomach; the back (of an
conjunction of five unlucky stars; six days from animal).
rva to Revat, on which days several kinds
of work are unlawful.

494
S pianik, s.f. The instep; H pah, s.f. The act of
the calf of the leg. winnowing (=paho, q.v.).

S pianil, piinil, H pah [S. +; or v.n. of

adj. Big-bellied, corpulent.
S paanya, part. adj. Fit to be
cooked, &c. (see paan).
H paw`, s.f. An intoxicating
drink prepared from fermented rice or other
grain.
pahn], s.f. Falling on the back; a fall on the
back, a throw; falling back in a swoon:
pah, or pahe, khn, v.n. To fall
backwards; to be thrown on the back; to fall
back in a swoon; to throw oneself down
repeatedly in grief or pain, to writhe in agony;
to drop into the grave.
H pahn [S.

H paotar [S. + ], s.m. +], v.t. To give (one) a fall, to

See s.v. pa, 'five.' throw down on the back, to dash down, to lay
prostrate; to overpower, overcome, subdue,
abase.
H pior [S. +], s.m.
Garden-ground, &c. in the rear of a tank.
H pih, pah (prob.

H pak, s.m. Squirt, S. ; or from ph, q.v.], s.f. The rear,

&c.=pikr, q.v.
H paaun [S. +], s.f.
The stomach, the contents of the stomach, the
entrails; the digestive organs; a digestive.
back, hinder part, hind quarter; the ropes by
which a horse's hind legs are tied, heel-ropes;
adv. In the rear, behind, at the back (of, -k):
pih mrn, v.n. To kick with the hind legs (a
horse); to attack the rear (of), to attack in the
rear, or from behind.

H paw, s.f.=paw`, q.v. H pah, s.m. The West,

&c.=paham or pahim, q.v.
H pah [S. ], s.m. Wing; feather;
side, part, assistance, adherence, countenance, H pahn, = H
support, protection, defence; partiality (see pahnat, s.f. (prov. or local) = pahn, q.v.
pa); the half of a lunar month, a fortnight
comprising fifteen days.
H pahnat, = H
pahn, s.f. (prov. or local) = pahn, q.v.
S pih, s.m. Feather of a tail (esp.
of a peacock); a peacock's tail; a tail; a crest:
H pahnn, pihnn,
pih-wn, adj. Having a tail, tailed.
v.t. corr. of pahann, q.v.
S puh, s.m.f. (?), Tail; hinder part
H pahh, s.m.=pah;
(see ph).
paham, q.v.
S pih, s.f. The scum of boiled rice H pahtn [S.
and of other grain; the gum of the silk-cotton +], v.n. To regret, repent, rue,
tree; the venomous saliva of a snake; a grieve.
multitude, heap; the calf of the leg; a sheath,
coat or cover; the areca nut, betel nut; a line, H paht`o, = H
row, range; a diseased affection of a horse's
feet; a plantain, Musa sapientum; the sisu tree, pahtw, [S. +], s.m. Regret,
Dalbergia sisu; armour, a sort of cuirass or remorse, repentance, penitence, compunction,
jacket. contrition, concern, grief, sorrow:pahtw
karn (-par), To regret, to suffer remorse (on
H puhr [S. +], s.m. account of):pahtw kar-ke, adv.
Asking; inquiry, investigation. Regretfully, remorsefully, &c.

495
H pahtw, = H
H pihlag, = H
paht`o, [S. +], s.m. Regret,
remorse, repentance, penitence, compunction, pihlag, [pihl+S. ], s.m. A follower; issue
contrition, concern, grief, sorrow:pahtw by a former marriage.
karn (-par), To regret, to suffer remorse (on
account of):pahtw kar-ke, adv. H pihalan, pihlan,
Regretfully, remorsefully, &c.
s.m.=phislan, q.v.

H paht`on, v.n.=pahtn,
H pihaln [S. +],
q.v.
v.n. To slip, &c.=phisaln, q.v.

H pahattar, pihattar [S.

H paham, paham,
], adj. Seventy-five.
pahim [S. ], adj. & s.m. Western;
the West; western country, country to the west.
S pihitik, s.f. The tree
Dalbergia sisu. H paham, adj. & s.m.
Western;a native of the west.
H pahan (see pah), v.n. To
fall back, to fall, tumble down; to be backward; H pahn, s.m. = H
to remain or lag behind; to fail, fall short (of):
paha-jn, v.n. To be thrown; to be overcome. pahn, s.f. [fr. S. , rt. , with ], s.m.
The act of scarifying, tattooing, cupping, or
S pihik, s.f. A bundle of lancing; inoculation, vaccination;pahn,
s.m. A scarificator; lancet:pahne den (-ko),
feathers of a peacock's tail. To scarify, cup, lance; to make incisions in a
poppy-head (to procure opium).
S pihal, adj. Slimy, slippery:
pichal-dal, s.f. The jujube, zizyphus jujuba. H pahn, s.f. = H
pahn, s.m. [fr. S. , rt. , with ], s.m.
H pihal, adj. Back, &c.=pihl,
The act of scarifying, tattooing, cupping, or
(used in comp.):pihal-p`, s.f. A female lancing; inoculation, vaccination;pahn,
goblin with feet turned backward; the ghost of a s.m. A scarificator; lancet:pahne den (-ko),
woman; an ugly, or frightful woman, an ogress. To scarify, cup, lance; to make incisions in a
poppy-head (to procure opium).
H pihl [S. +], adj. (f. -),
Back, rear, posterior, dorsal; after, hind, hinder, H puhn, v.t.=phn, q.v.
hindermost; latter, last, late, bygone, past;
succeeding, modern;s.m. Past or old lessons,
&c.:pihl pahar or pahr, s.m. The last H pahw [S. +], s.f.
watch (of the night):pihle p`o phirn, v.n. The west wind.
To return (from a place) the instant of reaching
(it), to retrace one's steps without tarrying: H pihw [S. +],
pihle p`o han, v.n. To retreat; to withdraw adj. & s.m. Hinder, hindmost, hindermost;the
from, or back out of, an agreement:pihl rear, rearward, the back part, hind quarter; court
mat, s.f. After-thought, a thought or idea that or area behind a house, back-yard:pihwe,
comes too late, misconception. adv. At the back, in the rear; abaft, aft, astern.

S pihil, s.f. Sauce, gravy; the H pihw, s.f.=pihw,

silk-cotton, Bombax heptaphyllum; the pot-herb q.v.
Basella rubra and B. lucida; the sisu-tree,
Dalbergia sisu; the esculent root Arum Indicum.
S pihwn, adj. See s.v.
piha.
H pihlag, = H
pihlag, [pihl+S. ], s.m. A follower; issue
by a former marriage.

496
H puhwn (caus. of phn),
v.t. To cause to ask, &c. H pihet, paht [S.
+], s.m. Back, rear, &c.=pihw, q.v.
H piht [S. ], adv.
Behind; afterwards;s.m. Back of a house, &c. H pihait, = H
(=pihw). pihait, (see pihet), adj. Last, &c.=pihl,
q.v.:pihait khet, s.f. Late cultivation; a crop
H pihaur [S. ++], which has ripened late in the season.
s.m. A cloth or sheet worn round the waist, or
thrown loosely over the back (syn. addar). H pihait, = H
pihait, (see pihet), adj. Last, &c.=pihl,
H pihaur (dim. of pihaur), q.v.:pihait khet, s.f. Late cultivation; a crop
s.f. A small addar or sheet; a head-kerchief. which has ripened late in the season.

H paho (see pahon), s.f. The H paher, adj. & s.m. Winged; a
act of winnowing. bird (=pakher, q.v.).

H pihau, s.m.=pihaur, q.v. H pahelw, s.m. = H

pahel, s.f. A kind of bracelet (worn
H pahoan (see next), s.f. The with rs; the rs are worn nearest to the
chaff which flies off in winnowing. hand).

H pahon [S. + + H pahel, s.f. = H

], v.t. To winnow (with a basket used for pahelw, s.m. A kind of bracelet (worn with
rs; the rs are worn nearest to the hand).
the purpose; syn. phaakn).
H pa [S. ], adj. Adherent,
H pihau, paho,
joined, attached, sticking; fixed, firm, rooted,
s.f.=pinaur, q.v. stable; (in Music) in unison:pa-kr, s.f.
Mosaic; a tesselated pavement; patching,
H pihaun [S. +, or darning:pa hon or ho-jn, v.n. To be
], s.f. A load fastened to, or carried on, the joined; to be stuck together; to adhere, stick
(to); to be stuck, jammed or squeezed
back.
(between), to be wedged; to be strongly
attached (to), to be thick (with), be hand and
H puhwaiy (puhw, rt. of glove (with); (in Music) to be in unison or
puhwn+iy = S. ), s.m. Inquirer, seeker, harmony.
interrogator.
H pi, adj. Crushed, jammed,
H pah [S. , ], s.m. smashed, bruised (cf. pa).
Adherent, ally, assistant, favourer; advocate,
patron; a bird (cf. pa). H piys, piys,
adj. Eighty-five (=pas, q.v.).
H puh [S. +], s.f. lit.
'Per tail'; a tax on cattle. H pihnwen, adj. Ninety-
five (=paanwe, q.v.).
H pahiy, = H
pahiy`o, [S. +], s.f. A westerly H piait [S. +], s.m. A
wind (=pahw). wrestler.

H pahiy`o, = H H piaiti, s.f. Wrestling.

pahiy, [S. +], s.f. A westerly wind

(=pahw).

497
H pas, pas [S. anointed or installed in rank or office (esp. in
the regal dignity):
], adj. Twenty-five. padbhilsh (pada + abh), adj. & s.m.
Wishing for an office;aspirant, candidate:
H pasw, padrpa (pada+ar), s.m. Appointment to
office:padrth (pada + artha), s.m. Meaning
paswn [the preceding+S. ], adj.
of a word or sentence; thing, object, substance,
Twenty-fifth. substantial or material form of being; good,
blessing, rarity, delicacy, exquisite food; a
H pas, pas, s.f. A category of predicament in logic (of which
game played (on a kind of chess-board or cloth) seven are enumerated in theSnkhya system,
with cowries for dice (and so named from the viz., substance, quality, action, genus,
highest throw, which is twenty-five). difference, co-inherence, non-existence):
padrth vidy, s.f. The science of natural
P pa, intj. O! bravo! well done! excellent! philosophy:
padrgh, padrghya (pada+argh), s.m. An
H pal, s.f.=pakhl, q.v. offering of curds, honey, &c. to a guest, or to a
Brhma:padsan (pada+s), s.m.
P putar (from puta), s.f. Cakes, or Footstool:pad-ght, s.m. Blow with the
pieces of bread, which are laid over dishes foot, a kick:padk (pada+aka), s.m.
when bringing to table, and under which the Footmark, footprint:pad-bhanjan, s.m.
meat is kept warm; cakes imbued with gh or Separating the words of a line or sentence,
clarified butter (from being laid over certain analysing words, analysis; explanation of
greasy dishes, as do-piyza, &c.: These cakes obscure or obsolete words, etymology:pad-
are very soft, rich, and savoury; and hence pad-par or me, adv. At every step;
mm putariy khn, 'to eat rich meal constantly:pad-pankaj, adj. & s.m.
cakes prepared by his mother,' is a phrase Possessing a lotus-like foot;a lotus-like
employed to denote one who is accustomed to foot:pad-p h, s.m. A footstool;pad-trn,
luxury, and incapable of labour or fatigue). s.m. A shoe or slipper:pad-tal, s.m. Sole of
the foot:pada-ja,padaj, s.m. lit. 'Foot-born;
P putag (abst. subst. from the next), a dra:pad-r, pad-ar, s.m. One who
s.f. The being cooked; ripeness, maturity; goes on foot:pad-inh, s.m. Footprint:pad-
firmness, soundness, solidity, strength; yut, adj. Fallen from station or dignity,
experience (syn. pakk-pan). disgraced;pad-yut karn, v.t. To remove
from office, to degrade:pada-stha, adj. Firm
P puta [perf. part. of putan; rt. Zend in position, rank, or dignity:pad-kram, s.m.
pa; S. pa], part. adj. Dressed, cooked; baked Step, pace: pad-kamal, s.m. An epithet of the
(as brick, &c.); ripe, matured, mature; shrewd, feet of any venerated personage or deity:
knowing, expert. padodak (pada+ud), s.m. Water in which a
skilful, wise; firm, strong, solid well-built, of Brhma's feet have been washed (and which is
brick or stone, of masonry (syn. pakk drunk by Hind devotees as an act of religious
puta-kr, s.f. Ripeness, maturity; firm, or merit):pad-vritti, s.f. The hiatus between two
sound, or solid workmanship:puta karn, words in a sentence.
v.t. To ripen; to make firm or strong; to make H pidd, s.m. The brown-backed Indian
shrewd or knowing:puta-mizj, adj. Of robin, Thamnobia cambagensis.
mature disposition, firm, experienced: S padt, padti, =
puta-mizj, s.f. Firmness, constancy,
stability. S padtik, s.m. Footman,
P pash (fr. Zend & S. pad+d), adj. pedestrian; peon; foot-soldier; a pawn (in
Pressed with the foot, trodden; expanded, chess).
extended, drawn out; withered, shrivelled. S padtik, =
S pad, s.m. Foot; footstep, step; footprint, S padt, padti, s.m. Footman,
trace, mark, sign; abode, home; station, place, pedestrian; peon; foot-soldier; a pawn (in
degree, rank, status, dignity, character, office; chess).
(in Gram.) a word, an inflected word (with or
P padrth (pada+artha), s.m. See
without its termination); foot, verse, or line (of
a stanza); a thing; (in law) head, title, or topic of s.v. pad.
legal or judicial proceedings: H pads [S. +], s.f.
padbhishikt(pada+abh), s.m. One who is Inclination to fart, flatulency.

498
H pads, adj. Inclined to fart, the other held up with the thumb upon the heart,
and the eyes directed to the tip of the nose):
flatulent; addicted to farting (=pado).
padmkar (padma+k), s.m. Lotus-pool, a
H padn (caus. of pdn), v.t. To large deep tank or pond abounding in lotuses:
cause to fart, to make (one) fart; (fig.) to padmlay (padma+l), s.f. 'Whose dwelling
frighten, terrify, put to flight; to tire, fatigue, is in the lotus,' an epithet of Lakshm:padma-
make one groan and sweat, to harass. pattra, s.m. The petal of a lotus;Costus
H padb, s.m.=padv, q.v. speciosus:padma-pura, s.m. Name of
P padar, pidar [Old P. ped; Pehl. pit; a puradescribing the period during which the
Zend patar; S. pitar], s.m. Father (syn. bp): world was a lotus:padma-pushp, s.m. The
pidar-kush, s.f. Killing a father, parricide: plant Pterospermum acerifolium, or Webera
pidar-mizj, s.m. A representative father, one corymbosa:padma-r, s.f. The small
who has adopted a son. tree Hibiscus mutabilis:padma-daran, s.m.
Resin of the Pinus longifolia:padma-rg,
H padar, s.f. Noise of footsteps, &c.
s.m. lit. 'Lotus-coloured'; the ruby:padma-
P padarn, pidarna, adj. & adv. Father- kashh, s.m. Name of a fragrant wood used in
like, paternal; after the manner of a father. medicine (and described as cooling and
P padrd, s.m. Leave, dismissal, tonic):padma-kel, s.f. Play with lotuses:
farewell:padrd karna (-ko), To bid adieu padma-garbha, s.m. 'The lotus-born,' an epithet
(to). of Brahma:padma-mukh, s.f. A species of
P padar, pidar, adj. Paternal; patrimonial. prickly nightshade, Alhagi maurorum:
H pid, s.f. Stone-chats and wheat- padmottar (padma+ut), s.m. The
ears (the Saxicolin of naturalists, which visit plant Carthamus tinctorius, safflower:
India in the cold season and migrate westward padma-varaka, s.m. A species of Costus.
and northward to breed); tomtit; (fig.) a little bit S padm, s.f. 'The lotus-hued one,' an
of a thing, an insignificant person, a weak or epithet of Lakshm, and of r, the goddess of
feeble person. fortune and wife of Vishnu; the
S padak, s.m. Step; position; an office; plant Clerodendrum siphonanthus; the
an ornament of the neck; a badge; a flat. plate plant Hibiscus mutabilis.
of gold or other metal. S padm (padma+a), s.m. See
S padik, adj. & s.m. Going on foot; s.v. padma.
(in Pros.) one foot long, containing only one S padmvat, s.f. lit. 'Abounding
division;footman, pedestrian; foot-soldier; in lotus-flowers'; name of a celebrated princess
the point of the foot:padik-hr, s.m. (whose adventures are related in a romance
Footman, pedestrian. entitled Padmvat); an epithet of Lakshm, the
S padakka [S. +], adj. & goddess of wealth; name of the wife of the
s.m. Addicted to farting;one addicted to sage Jarat kru; name of the main stream of the
farting (=pdu and pado). Ganges between the Ksim-bzr river and the
S padma, and H. padam, s.m. The sea.
lotus-flower, Nelumbium speciosum (often S padmak, s.m. An army arrayed in
confounded with the water-lily or Nympha the form of a lotus-flower; the tree Costus
alba); a lotus-like ornament; a particular mark speciosus, or C. Arabicus, and its wood; a kind
or mole on the human body; a spot; red or of leprosy.
coloured marks on the face and trunk of an S padmak, s.m. The Bhoj-patra or
elephant; an army arrayed in the form of a birch-tree (the bark of which is used for writing
lotus; a particular posture of the body in on, wrapping up shawls, &c.).
religious meditation; one of the personified
S padmin, vulg. padman,
treasures of Kuvera; name of a Nga; a species
of fragrant plant; a particular high number, ten s.f. A lotus, Nelumbium speciosum; a multitude
billions (according to the stras), or one of lotuses, or a lake abounding in them; a
thousand billions (according to the Dasturu`l- particular magical art, witch-craft; a woman of
`amal or royal ordinances of Akbar): the first and most excellent of the four classes
padm (padma +a), s.m. Cassia Tora: into which the sex is distinguished: (The four
padmsan (padma+san), s.m. A lotus-seat, classes are, Padmin, tri, Sankhin,
seat or throne in the shape of a lotus (esp. one andHastin).
on which idols are placed); a particular posture S padmottar (padma+uttara), s.m.
in religious meditation (sitting with the thighs see s.v. padm.
crossed with one hand resting on the left thigh,

499
H padn = H padd [S. ], s.f. Way, path,
H padd [S. +], = alley.
H pidd, s.f.=pidd, q.v.
H pado [S. +], adj. & s.m.
P padd, adj. Open, public, clear, evident,
Addicted to farting;a farter; (met.) one easily
visible, manifest, conspicuous.
frightened, a coward (=pd; padakka).
H padm, s.m.=pradp, q.v.
H padd [S. +], =
P pudna, s.m.=podn, q.v.
H padn =
S pady, s.m. Metre; verse, poetry.
H pado [S. +], adj. & s.m.
H pa, s.m. Boundary of a field.
Addicted to farting;a farter; (met.) one easily
P pa, pir, part. adj. (from paruftan, 'to
frightened, a coward (=pd; padakka).
take,' &c., see next), Taking, receiving,
H pado [S. +], = accepting, admitting; being possessed of or
H padn = endowed with, capable (of), susceptible, liable
(used as the last member of compounds,
H padd [S. +], adj. & s.m. e.g. il-par, adj. Capable of correction or
Addicted to farting;a farter; (met.) one easily amendment, remediable).
frightened, a coward (=pd; padakka). H par, pir, =
S padodak (pada+udaka), s.m. see P para, pira, [fr. par, imperat.
s.v. pad. of paruftan, pa = Zend paiti =
S padw, s.f. Road, way, path; S. prati; ruftan, fr. rt. Zend arp = S. sarp], adj.
Acceptable, agreeable; accepted (a prayer or
situation, site, place; station, rank, status, petition);s.m. Acceptance.
dignity, character; title, degree, titular name,
P para, pira, =
surname, patronymic:padw den(-ko), To
H par, pir, [fr. par, imperat.
confer rank, dignity, &c. (on).
of paruftan, pa = Zend paiti =
H padhrn [+, rt. ], S. prati; ruftan, fr. rt. Zend arp = S. sarp], adj.
v.n. To go or come, proceed, depart; set out; to Acceptable, agreeable; accepted (a prayer or
arrive; to sit, sit down, take a seat. petition);s.m. Acceptance.
H padhn, s.m.=pradhn, q.v. P H par`, s.f. Acceptance.
P pazr, s.f. (used in comp.), Taking,
S pidhan, s.m. Covering, shutting;
acceptance.
concealment; cover, lid, sheath, wrapper, cloak.
S para, par, prefix & adj. Distant, remote,
S paddhati, paddhat, =
removed; opposite, ulterior, beyond, further;
S paddhat, s.f. Roadway, path; line, exceeding, left or remaining, longest, ancient;
row, range; the designation of a class of literary other, another, strange, different, varying,
compositions, a guide, ritual, manual, a treatise foreign, alien, inimical, hostile; subsequent,
on any particular science; a work on any act or succeeding, following, next, after; very high or
ceremony, detailing the mode of its excellent, distinguished, pre-eminent, highest,
performance and collecting the texts connected greatest, chief:par-upakr, s.m.=paropakr,
with it; manner, custom; title, surname, family q.v.:parpavd (para+ap), s.m. Laying
name (=padw). blame on another; slander, calumny;adj.
S paddhat, = Accusing another; slanderous:
parpavdak, parpavad, adj.=parpavd:
S paddhati, paddhat, s.f. par-tma, s.m. Another person, one's
Roadway, path; line, row, range; the neighbour:pardhikr (para+adh), s.m.
designation of a class of literary compositions, a Another's office or post;pardhikr-ar,
guide, ritual, manual, a treatise on any s.f. Interference with another's concerns,
particular science; a work on any act or officiousness: pardhn (para+dh), adj.
ceremony, detailing the mode of its Depending on another, dependent, subject,
performance and collecting the texts connected subservient, humble:pardhnat,
with it; manner, custom; title, surname, family s.f. pardhnatwa, s.m. Dependence upon
name (=padw). another, subjection: parrth (para+artha), s.m.
? padhrn, v.n.=padhrn, q.v. The highest advantage or interest; the chief
meaning or importance; the highest object
? pad, s.f. The tonnage or measurement (euphemistic expression for sexual intercourse);
of boats or ships. the profit or interest of another; having another
object or meaning, designed for another, done

500
for another; adv. For the sake of another, for the
good of another;parrth-prrthn, s.f.
Intercession, intercessory prayer;parrth-
vd, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), Talking of the affairs
of others, officious, intermeddling,
meddlesome;a meddlesome or officious
person, a busybody:parrth, s.m. A
benevolent person;also=param-rth, q.v.:
parrdha (para+ardha), s.m. The more remote
or opposite half or part, the other side or half,
the ulterior part; the highest number, the
number one hundred thousand billions, or
(according to others) a lac of lacs of krores, or a
number equal to half the term of Brahm's life,
or as many mortal days as are equal to fifty of
his years;adj. Immense, infinite:
parrdhya, adj. & s.m. Being on the further
side or half, most remote; most distant in
number, of the highest possible number or
value; highest in rank or quality, most highly
esteemed, most costly, most excellent, most
beautiful, finest, best;an immense number, an
infinite number, a maximum:
parnna (para+an), s.m. & adj. The food of
another; food supplied by another;eating the
food of another, living at another's expense,
sponging;a servant;parnna-bhoj, s.m.
One who lives at another's expense:
parrit (para+), adj. Dependent, subject: adultery, adulterous intercourse or intrigue:
parray, s.m. & adj. Dependence upon
another;dependent or relying upon another:
parray, s.f. A female dependant; a
parasitical plant:parvar(para+av), adj. &
s.m. Far and near, remote and proximate, earlier
and later, prior and subsequent, higher and
lower, highest and lowest;ancestors and
descendants; the whole extent of an idea,
totality; the universe:parvartt (para+v),
s.m. Reversal (of a sentence);parvartt-
vyava-hr, s.m. (in law), Appeal:
parvrit (para+v), part. Reversed (as a
decision):parh (para+aha), s.m. The next
day:parhna (para+ahna), s.m. The
afternoon, the latter part of the day:
paryatt (para+y), adj. Dependent upon
another, subject to another, subservient:par-
bas, s.m.=par-va, q.v.:par-brahm, s.m. The
Supreme Spirit or Brahma:para-bhrit, adj. &
s.m. Cherished or nourished by a stranger,
fostered, adopted;the Indian cuckoo
(supposed to leave its eggs in the nest of the
crow to be natched);nourishing another, the
crow:par-bhg, s.m. Superior merit; good
fortune, prosperity; excelcellence, supremacy;
the last part, residue, remainder:par-bhsha,
s.m. Another's ornament:par-bhmi, s.f.
Foreign land; enemy's country:par-pt, s.m.
An excellent protector; a benefactor:par-pad,
s.m. High station, eminence; final
emancipation:par-purush, s.m. Another man,
stranger, husband of another woman; gallant,
paramour:para-parigrah, s.m. The family or
dependants of another:para-push, s.m. lit.
'Fostered or nourished by a stranger,' the kokil
or Indian cuckoo:para-push, s.f. A female
cuckoo; a harlot, whore; a parasitical plant:
para-prv, s.f. A woman who has had a
former husband:par-paih, s.m. A second or
a thirdhun given to supply the loss of the first;
duplicate of a bill of exchange:partith-gm,
s.m. lit. 'Having recourse to the wife of another,'
an adulterer:par-tiriy,par-triy, s.f.=par-
str, q.v.:para-tam, adj. Highest, greatest,
most excellent, supreme; farthest:para-
tantra, adj. Dependent upon another,
dependent, subject to another, subservient,
obedient:para-tantrat, s.f., para-tantratva,
s.m. Dependence, subjection:para-j, s.f. A
female stranger; an adopted female:par-
jt, para-ja, adj. & s.m. Born of another;
fostered by a stranger;a stranger; an adopted
child:par-jti, s.f. Another genus or caste:
para-jit, par-jit, part. Conquered by another,
subdued:par-hidra, s.m. Fault, flaw, or
defect in another:para-dra, s.f. Another's
wife;para-dra-gm, s.m. lit. 'Going to the
wife of another,' an adulterer;para-dra-
gaman, s.m. 'Approaching the wife of another,'
par-dravya, s.m. Another's property:para-
droh, adj. Tyrannizing over another or over
others, hurting or injuring others, tyrannical,
oppressive:par-dukh, s.m. The pain or sorrow
of another;par-dukh-nivra, s.m. One who
averts trouble or sorrow from another:para-
dosh, s.m. Another's fault or crime;para-
dosh-krtan, s.m. The proclaiming of others'
faults, censoriousness, scandal, calumny:
para-dshan, s.m. The guilt or crime of
another:para-dvesh, s.m. Hatred or hostility
towards another:para-dvesh, adj. Hating
others, hostile to another, inimical, adverse:
par-dharmm, s.m. Another's duty or business;
the duties of another caste;par-
dharm, sahishut, s.f. Religious toleration;
par-dharm-grh, adj. Adopting another
religion;par-dharm-graha, s.m. The
adopting another religion, changing one's
religion:par-dhan, s.m. Another's wealth or
property;par-dhansw-dhan-mukh, s.m.
Feeding luxuriously at another's expense:par-
des,par-de, s.m. & adv. A foreign country;in
a foreign country, in another country, abroad:
par-des, par-de, adj. & s.m. Of or belonging
to another country, foreign, exotic;foreigner,
stranger, a new man; one residing abroad:
par-str, s.f. The wife of another; an unmarried
woman depending upon another (as upon her
father, &c.);par-str-prasang, par-str-
graha, par-str-gaman, s.m. Criminal
501
intercourse with another's wife:par-str-gm,
adj. & s.m. Approaching the wife of another; an
adulterer:par-sambandh, s.m. Relation to or
connection with another:par-sambandh, adj.
Related to another; belonging to another:par-
svrth, s.m. The welfare of another;
beneficence, benevolence:par-svrth, adj. &
s.m. Benevolent;a benevolent person:par-
kj, par-krya, s.m. Another's business or
interest, the affairs or concerns of another;
par-kj-me hth ln, To intermeddle in the
affairs of another:par-kj, adj. & s.m.
Attentive to the business, concerns, or interests
of others; serving others;a beneficent person;
a busybody:par-kshetra, s.m. Another's field;
another's body; another's wife:par-lok, s.m.
The other world, the next world, the future
state; the heavenly paradise;par-lok
sudhrn, v.n. To prepare, or pave the way, for
the next world by good deeds (=irat
sawrn);par-lok-gm, adj. Going to the
other world, dying;par-lok-gam, par-lok
gaman, s.m. Going to the next world, dying,
death:par-mat, s.m. Another's opinion,
different opinion or way of thinking; different
doctrine, heterodoxy;credit, esteem,
reputation, name:par-matiy, s.m. One who
depends upon the opinion or advice of
another:par-nr, s.f. Another woman;
another's wife (=par-str):par-nind, s.f.
Reviling others, abuse or ridicule of others;
slander, calumny:paropade (para+upade),
s.m. Giving advice to others, counselling
others; admonishing, exhorting or instructing
another, instruction of others:
paropakr, paropkr (para+upakr), s.m. The
assisting others, doing good to another,
beneficence, benevolence, charity:
paropakritva, s.m. Readiness to help or to do
good to others, beneficence, kindness,
humanity:
paropakrak, paropkrak = paropkr, adj. &
s.m. Assisting others, supporting others; kind to
others, beneficent, charitable, philanthropic;a
kind-hearted or beneficent person, a
philanthropist:par-vas, par-va, vulg. par-
bas, adj. & s.m. Subject to another, depending
on the will of another, dependent, subservient,
subject; precarious; deceived, wheedled,
inveigled;dependence, subjection: par-
vayat, s.f. or par-vayatva, s.m. Dependence
on another, subjection.
H par [S. ], postpn. On, upon; on the adj. Full of blood; bleeding, sorrowful
point of; up to, till; on account of, because of, in
consequence of, through, for; after, according
to; dependent on; notwithstanding.
H par [S. ], conj. But; still, yet,
nevertheless, however, else, otherwise,
unless:par-h, conj. Granted, yet, still,
however.
P par [Zend paren; S. ], s.m. Pinion,
feather, wing, quill:par-afshn, adj.
Expanding or shaking the wings: par-afshn,
s.f. Expansion or shaking of the wings:par-
bl, s.m. The eyelashes:par-basta, adj.
Having the wings bound:par-n, par
jaln, v.n. 'The wing to be broken,' or 'the
feathers to be burnt'; to be without power or
ability; to be exposed to risk or danger, to have
one's wings singed, to be rendered powerless:
par jhn, To shake the feathers (preparatory
to flying, &c.); to shed the feathers, to moult:
par-jhan, v.n. To be moulting:par-rekhta,
adj. Moulted (a bird):par-zan, adj. Striking
the wings, flying:par-zan, s.f. Flapping of
the wings, fluttering, flying:par-shikasta, adj.
'Having the wing broken,' distressed, afflicted,
disabled, powerless:par-fishn, s.f.=par-
afshn, q.v.:par qain-karn (-ke), To clip
the wings (of), to disable, cripple:par-k
qalam, s.m. A quill pen:par-ka, adj. Having
the wings clipped, wing-clipped:par girn,
v.n.=par jhn, q.v.:par-gr, s.f. Feathering
or winging an arrow; the feather so applied:
par mrn, v.n. To flap or flutter the wings, to
fly; to get access to, to approach, enter:par
nikln, v.n. To display (one's) new feathers, to
come out, to show off, to begin (one's) pranks,
give oneself airs:par non (-ke), To pluck
the feathers (of).
S pari, prep. (used at the beginning of
compounds), About, around, round about, all
round; full, quite, entirely, excessively.
S paru, s.m. Limb, member; knot or joint
in a reed (=parus).
S pra, prep. (used at the beginning of
comp.), Forth, for, before, forward, pre-
eminent, exceeding; off, abroad, away.
P pur [Pehl. pr; Zend pouru; S. puru], adj.
Full, full of, laden, charged, complete,
abounding in, exceeding, quite, very (used at
the beginning of compounds):pur-bd, adj.
Full of wind, inflated:pur-ba-jid hon (-
me), To be fully determined (on):pur-
takalluf, adj. Full of ceremony, ceremonious;
elaborated, wrought:pur-aar, adj. Full of
caution, very careful:pur-atar, adj. Full of
danger, very hazardous or risky:pur-n,
(heart):pur-dard, adj. Full of pain, painful;
sorrowful (heart):pur-dil, adj. Full of
courage, courageous, intrepid, magnanimous;
intelligent; liberal, large-hearted:pur-dil, s.f.
Valour, courage, intrepidity, &c.:pur-zor, adj.
Powerful:pur-sla, adj. Full of years, old,
aged:pur-saud, adj. Full of melancholy,
502
very melancholy, sorrowful; full of madness,
quite mad:pur-soz, adj. Burning, lighted,
blazing:pur-shu`r, adj. Very wise, most
sagacious:pur-urr, adj. Very necessary,
most essential:pur-hir, adj. Very evident or
manifest, quite obvious:pur-gua, adj.
Wrathful; sorrowful:pur-f`ida, adj. Full of
advantage or profit, very advantageous or
profitable; full of instruction, highly
edifying:pur-fitna-o-fasd, adj. Full of
sedition and mischief, seditious, very
mischievous; very depraved:pur-fareb, adj.
Very deceitful or treacherous:pur-kr, adj.
Skilful, efficient, full of workmanship, well-
executed, close, thick:pur-kr, s.f.
Closeness, thickness, coarseness:pur-kna,
adj. Very malicious or spiteful, rancorous:
pur-go, adj. Full of talk, talkative,
loquacious:pur-go`, s.f. Talkativeness,
loquacity, volubility of tongue:pur-mall,
adj. Very sad, sorrowful, afflicting:pur-
ni`mat, adj. Abounding in good things,
plentiful, fertile:pur-naqsh-o-nigr, adj.
Embellished or decorated throughout, highly
ornamented, beautifully decorated:pur-nr,
adj. Full of light, enlightened, illustrious:pur-
hunar, adj. Very skilful or accomplished.
S pura, pur, s.m. Fortified town, castle,
city, town; village, hamlet (most com. at the
end of comp.); a leathern bag for drawing water
for irrigation (=pur-va):pur-bs, adj. &
s.m.=pur-vs, q.v.:pura-bhpa, s.m.
Magistrate or protector of a town or city:pur-
dvr, s.m. Gate of a town or city:pur-devat,
s.f. The tutelary deity of a town or village:
pura-rukh, adv. In the direction of the city,
&c.:pura-stha, adj. Situated in a city or
town:pura-krya, s.m. A city-matter; an
affair of domestic policy:pur-log, s.m.
Citizens, townspeople, inhabitants:pur-
vs, pur-vs, adj. & s.m. Inhabiting a city or
town;inhabitant of a city, &c., citizen,
townsman.
S par, prep. (used at the beginning of improvement; reach; ascent, rise.
compounds), Away, off; over, on; back,
backward; inverted, reverse, sideways; wrong.
H par (P. parra, para), s.m. A body or
line (of troops), rank, file, company, troop; a
flock, herd (of animals):par bdhn, v.n.
To form line; to draw up in line of battle
(see para).
H pur [S. +], s.m. A large village, com.), Causing to attain to; procuring,
town, cluster of houses; ward, quarter (of a
town); (in comp.) apartment;skin; the skin of
a drum:dono pure bajn, v.n. 'To sound
both skins of a drum'; to act a part, play the
hypocrite.
S pr-balya, s.m. Power, vigour,
predominance, ascendency.
S par-bhav, s.m. Disappearance;
overcoming; defeat, discomfiture; mortification,
humiliation, disgrace.
S pr-bhav, s.m. Superiority, pre-
eminence.
S par-bht, part. Overcome,
vanquished, defeated, discomfited.
S pr-bhavatya, s.m.
Superiority in power, authority, ascendency.
S prpta, prpt;
vulg. parpat, pirpat; part. Attained to,
reached, arrived at; come upon, lighted upon,
met with, found; obtained, got, gained,
acquired, procured, won; incurred, contracted;
destined, fated, appointed; fitting, proper;
suffered, endured, undergone:
prptrth (prpta+artha), adj. & s.m. Having
attained one's object, successful;one whose
object is attained;an object attained, an
advantage gained:
prptvasar (prpta+avasar), adj. Taking or
finding occasion, opportune, seasonable:
prpt-buddhi, adj. Possessed of understanding,
enlightened, instructed, intelligent; regaining or
recovering consciousness, becoming conscious
(after fainting), recovering:prpt-kl, s.m. A
time or moment arrived, favourable moment, fit
time, proper season;one whose time is
come;adj. Opportune, seasonable, suitable;
fated; destined:prpt karn, v.t. To obtain,
acquire, receive; to undergo, endure, submit to,
incur:prpt hon, v.n. To be attained, be
reached, be met with, to arrive (at); to be
obtained be acquired, be realized, be incurred,
&c.
S prpti, and H. prpt,
vulg. parpat, s.f.m. (?), Obtaining, getting,
gaining, acquisition; profit, gain, advantage,
benefit, avail, success; income, produce, fruit;
S prpit, part. Caused to attain to,
made to arrive at; procured, obtained.
S par-paratva, s.m. Priority
and posteriority; the condition of being both a
genus and a species.
S prpak, adj. & s.m. (used in
obtaining;one who obtains, obtainer,
procurer.
S prpa, s.m. Attaining to,
altainment, reaching, extending; obtaining,
receiving, acquisition.
503
H prpn [S. ], v.t. To S prthamikatva, s.m. =
attain, reach, get, acquire, obtain. S prthamikat, s.f. =
S prpya, part. adj. Attainable,
S prthamya, s.m. The being
obtainable, procurable, acquirable.
first, priority, precedence.
H part, s.f. A large plate or dish of
S prthamya, s.m. =
metal (commonly brass, of a circular shape).
S prthamikat, s.f. =
H prta, prt,
S prthamikatva, s.m. The
vulg. part [S. , ] , s.m. Early morning,
being first, priority, precedence.
dawn;adv. In the morning, early, at dawn:
prta-samay, or prt-samay, s.m. & adv.=prt- H part, s.f. dim. of part, q.v.
kl, q.v.:prta-kl, s.m.=prt-kl, q.v.: S prtyayik, adj. & s.m.
prta-snn, or prt-snn, s.m. Morning bath, Related to, or attended with, confidence or trust,
morning ablution (esp. as a religious confidential, trusty, having faith in:a surety.
exercise):prta-kl, or prt-kl, s.m. & adv.
Early morning, dawn of day;in the early H parh [S. , or +,
morning, at dawn:prta-karma, s.m., prt- or ], s.m. A cake made with butter or gh,
krit, s.m., prta-kritya, s.m. prta-kriy, s.f. A and of several layers, like pie-crust.
matutine ceremony, a religious duty to be
S prj-pati, s.m.=praj-pati,
performed in the morning:prt-kamal, s.m.
The morning lotus. q.v.
H prtp, corr. of pratp, q.v. S prjpaty, s.f. The giving
away the whole of one's property before
S prti-bhvya, s.m. The
entering on the life of an ascetic or mendicant.
becoming bail or surety for any one, surety,
S prj-patya, adj. & s.m.
suretyship.
Belonging to, or relating to, or derived
S prti-padik, s.m. (in Gram.),
from Praj-pati;a form of marriage in which
The crude form of a noun, a noun in its the bride is presented respectfully to the
uninflected state. bridegroom by her father; a particular festival
H part-priya, s.m. A species on the eighth day of the second half of the
of reed, Saccharum spontaneum. month Paush; a particular sacrifice performed
before appointing a daughter to raise issue in
S prtar, adv. Early in the morning,
default of male heirs; a kind of penance (which
at daybreak, at dawn (=prta):prtar- consists in eating but once a day, in the
, prtar-bhojan, s.m. Morning meal, morning, for three consecutive days, then once
breakfast. in the night for three nights, then subsisting for
H purtam, = three days on food given as alms, and then
S purtan, adj. Belonging to the fasting three days more); the confluence of the
Ganges and Jamna, Prayg or Allahabad; the
past, former, old, ancient; experienced, asterism Rohin.
knowing, sage;s.m. Ancient story, old
legend. S par-jit, part. adj. Suffering a
S purtan, = defeat, losing a suit, defeated, overcome,
conquered.
H purtam, adj. Belonging to the S prjn, s.f. See prgy.
past, former, old, ancient; experienced,
knowing, sage;s.m. Ancient story, old H prjwr, s.m.=pra-jwr, q.v.
legend. S par-jay, vulg. par-jai,
S prthamik, adj. Belonging or s.m. Loss, defeat, discomfiture, overthrow;
relating to the first, primary, first, initial, prior, victory, conquest; being cast in a law-suit:
previous; happening or occurring for the first parjay-krak, parjay-kart, s.m. Conqueror,
time. victor:par-jay karn, v.t. To subdue,
S prthamikat, s.f. = conquer, &c.:par-jay-mn, adj. & s.m.
Overcoming, surpassing, defeating; overcome,
S prthamikatva, s.m. = defeated;one who has been defeated, one
S prthamya, s.m. The being who has lost a law-suit; one who has
conquered, conqueror, winner.
first, priority, precedence.

504
S par-jay, adj. & s.m.=parjay- the east; the eastern country, the country south
or east of the river Sarasvat (which flows from
mn, q.v.s.v. parjay.
the north-east towards the south-west).
H pr, adj.=pr, prk, qq.v.
S
prdur-bhv, s.m. The
H pir, s.m.=pr`, q.v.
becoming manifest or visible, arising, coming
S prr (pra+), adj. Contrary into existence, appearance, manifestation;
to or deviating from ordinary institutions and greatness, ascendency.
observances, contrary to rectitude. S pr-dakshiya, s.m.
H prrj, = Circumambulation by starting from the left and
S prrya, s.m. Pupil, scholar. coming round to the right (by way of
reverence).
S prrya, =
S pardan, s.m. A horse of the
H prrj, s.m. Pupil, scholar. Persian breed.
H parit, prit, = S prdhnya, s.m.
H parhit, prchit, [S. Predominance, preponderance, ascendency, pre-
eminence, superiority, supremacy.
], s.m. A fine or penance imposed on religious
S pardhikr: See
occasions as the price of absolution, expiation,
atonement. s.v. para, par, for this and other words
beginning with par that are not found below.
H parhit, prchit, =
S prde, s.m. The span of the
H parit, prit, [S. ],
thumb and fore-finger;place, country.
s.m. A fine or penance imposed on religious
S pr-vivk, s.m. Judge,
occasions as the price of absolution, expiation,
atonement. chief magistrate.
S pr, adj. fem. of pr, prk, S porru, s.m. A species of
q.v. gourd, Momordica charantia.
S prr, s.m. Enclosure, hedge, S prrabdh, part. adj. Begun,
fence, wall, rampart. commenced; caused by fate;s.m. Beginning
(=prrabdhi); an undertaking.
S prn, vulg. parn, adj. &
S prrabdhi, prrabdh, s.f.
s.m. Turned towards the front, or towards the
east; belonging to the front or to the east; Beginning, commencement; predestination,
eastern, easterly; former, prior, preceding, destiny, fortune, fate, lot, venture, chance;
ancient, old;an ancient;s.f. Hedge, fence, rope for binding an elephant; post to which an
wall:prn adhikr, s.m. Prescriptive elephant is fastened:prrabdh-hn` adj.
right:prn-malak, s.m. The Luckless, ill-fated, unfortunate.
plant Flacourtia cataphracta, and its fruit: S prrthit, part. Solicited,
prn-vt, s.m. The sacrificial cord (worn over begged, wished for, entreated.
the right shoulder and passed under the left S prrthak, adj. & s.m. Asking,
arm):prn-panas, s.m. 'The eastern Jaka
tree,' the plant gle marmelos:prn rt, s.f. sueing, begging, soliciting; one who sues or
Old or immemorial custom. woos, asker, petitioner, suitor, candidate.
S prn, s.f. A species of S prrthan, vulg. prrthn, s.f.
plant, Clypea hermandifolia; or Cissampelos Desire, wish, longing; requesting, asking,
hexandra. begging; supplication, suit, petition, prayer,
entreaty, solicitation, request, application:
S prnat, s.f. = prrthn-patra, s.m. Written petition:
S prnatva, s.m. Oldness, prrthan karn (-se, or -k), To pray (for), beg
antiquity. (of), petition, beseech, sue, solicit, &c.
S prnatva, s.m. = S prrthanya, s.m. lit. 'To be
asked or begged'; an epithet of the third
S prnat, s.f. Oldness,
or Dwpar age.
antiquity.
S prrambh, s.m. Beginning,
S prya, adj. & s.m. Situated in
commencement, undertaking, enterprise:
front; belonging to the East, living in the East, prrambh karn, v.n. To begin, &c. (=shur`
eastern, &c. (=prn, q.v.);the inhabitants of karn).

505
H pars, s.m.=pal, q.v. existence; superiority, excellence:prk-
phalgun, s.f. The eleventh Nakshatra or lunar
S prs, s.m. A barbed missile or dart. mansion:prg-jyotish, s.m. Name of the
S parsu, vulg. prsu, adj. Dying, at countryKmrp in Assam (the scene of
the point of death, expiring; lifeless, dead. Brahm's penance):prk-kl, s.m. Former age
or time, previous time:prk-kln, adj.
S prsd, s.m. A building Belonging to former or ancient times,
consecrated to a deity or inhabited by a prince, pertaining to a previous time, anterior, ancient,
temple; palace. previous, former:prg-gm, adj. & s.m.
S parst, part. Thrown; defeated, Going before, preceding;a precursor.
vanquished. S prkr, s.m. Enclosure, fence,
S parsut, s.f. = surrounding wall, rampart.
S parsutva, s.m. Death, S prkya, s.m. Clearness,
extinction; apathy, spiritlessness. brightness; celebrity, fame, renown.
S parsutva, s.m. = S prktan, adj. Former, prior,
previous, anterior, antecedent, preceding; early,
S parsut, s.f. Death, extinction;
old, ancient; relating to a former state of
apathy, spiritlessness. existence, resulting from acts done in a former
H prsit, s.m.=parit, q.v. life:prktan-karma, s.m. An act formerly
done, an act done in a former state of existence;
S prsak, s.m. Die, dice.
fate, destiny.
S prsagik, adj. Resulting S prkrit, adj. Original, natural,
from attachment, derived from close not artificial, essential, unchanged, unaltered,
connection; inseparably connected, inherent, unmodified; normal, ordinary, usual, common,
innate; pertaining to, belonging to any topic, uncultivated, unrefined, provincial, plebeian,
relevant. vulgar; vernacular;s.f. Any provincial or
H parit, s.m.=parit, q.v. vernacular dialect akin to Sanskrit (especially
S parar, and H. parsar, spoken by the female characters and inferior
personages of plays):prkrit-bhsh,
s.m. Name of a Hind sage, the father of the
s.f.=prkrit, q.v.:prkrit-pralay, s.m. The
ancient poet Vysa.
total dissolution of the world:prkrit-jwar,
S parrit, adj. See s.m. Common or usual fever (occurring from
s.v. para, par. affections of the wind in the rainy season, of the
S parar, and bile in the autumn, and of the phlegm in the
spring):prkrit-kavi, s.m. The poets who
H. parsar, s.m. A beggar, a wandering
wrote in Prkrit:prkrit-mitra, s.m. Natural
mendicant (=prar). friend or ally.
S pran, s.m. The act of eating, S parkram, s.m. Power, vigour,
feeding upon, tasting; causing to eat or taste strength, ability, exertion, valour, prowess,
(used in comp., e.g. anna-pran, q.v.s.v. ann). courage, spirit:parkram-vn, parkram-
S park, s.m. A sort of penance or vant, adj. Possessed of power or strength,
religious vow of an expiatory kind (said to endowed with courage, courageous, spirited,
consist in fasting for twelve days and nights and valourous, heroic.
keeping the mind attentive and the organs S parkram, adj. Spirited,
subdued); a sacrificial sword or scimitar. bold, courageous, showing or displaying
S prk, vulg. park (pr, courage or strength, exerting power; strong,
i.e. pra+a), adj. & adv. Turning eastward, stout, vigorous, powerful.
eastern, easterly; preceding in time or place, S parg, s.m. The pollen or farina of
before, in front, previous, former, prior (in a flower; dust; fragrant powder used after
comp., before certain bathing; sandal; an eclipse of the sun or moon;
letters, prk becomes prg):prg-abhva, name of a mountain.
s.m. Previous non-existence of anything, the
S prg, used in comp. for prk, q.v.
non-existence of anything which may yet be,
antecedent privation; non-existence (of an H prg [S. ], s.m. The ancient
effect) previous (to production); (in Law) the name of Allahabad:prg-wl, s.m. A Hind
non-possession of property that may be priest of Prg.
possessed:prg-bhv, s.m. Prior or previous

506
H parg, s.m. (Poet.) = parg, q.v. authority; a learned man; a president, the chief
or head of a trade.
S prgra (pra+agra), s.m. The
S prmya, s.m. The being
highest point, summit:prgra-har, adj.
established by proof, the resting upon authority;
Taking the best share, taking the lead, going
the being an authority, or a rule, or proof; proof,
before; chief, principal.
evidence, authority, authenticity, credibility,
S prgalbhya, s.m. Boldness, genuineness.
confidence; resoluteness, determination; pride, S parmar, s.m. Remembering,
arrogance, effrontery; pomp, parade, rank;
recollection; reflection, consideration, thought;
proficiency.
discrimination, judgment; advice, counsel;
P pargandag (abst. s. fr. next), s.f.
consultation:parmar karn (-se), To
Separation, dispersion.
consult (with), &c.
P parganda [perf. part. of par-gandan;
Zend pairi+rt. kan = S. pari+khan], part. adj. S parmarak. =
Widely separated or parted, widely sundered, S parmar, adj. & s.m.
scattered, dispersed, dissipated, routed;
Calling or bringing to mind, reminding;
distracted, disturbed (in mind):parganda
discriminator; adviser, counsellor.
karn or kar-den, v.t. To scatter, disperse,
&c.:parganda hon (-se), To be widely S parmar, =
separated (from); to be scattered, dispersed, &c. S parmarak. adj. & s.m.
H prgy (S. prj), s.f. Calling or bringing to mind, reminding;
Knowledge, understanding; a pandit's wife; a discriminator; adviser, counsellor.
clever woman or girl. H parmodh, =
H prgyat (S. prjat), s.f. = H parmodhan, [S. ,
H prgyatva, s.m. Learning, rt. with ], s.m. Pleasing, coaxing,
knowledge, understanding, wisdom, skill, wheedling.
cleverness.
H parmodhan, =
H prgyatva, s.m. =
H parmodh, [S. ,
H prgyat (S. prjat),
s.f. Learning, knowledge, understanding, rt. with ], s.m. Pleasing, coaxing,
wisdom, skill, cleverness. wheedling.
H prgya (S. prja), adj. & s.m. S pura, purn, adj. & s.m.
Patient in investigation, wise, learned, sensible, Belonging to ancient or olden times, ancient,
clever;a learned person, &c.:prgya-mn, old, aged, primeval; worn out, laid aside;a
s.m. Respect for the learned:prgya-mn, thing of the past, past event; a tale of the past,
adj. & s.m. Respecting the learned;one who ancient history legendary and traditionary,
respects the learned. legend; the name given to certain well-known
S prgya, adj. & s.m. Chief, sacred works (supposed to have been compiled
by the poetVysa, and comprising the whole
principal;a chief. body of modern Hind theology and
H prgy (S. prj), s.f.=prgy, mythology. There are eighteen
q.v. acknowledged puras).
H parl [S. ], s.f. Straw S pra, pr, vulg. pirn, s.m.
(=puwl, pu`l; bil). Breathing, breath, respiration, inspiration,
H prlabdh, vulg. parlabdh, s.f. expiration, vital breath, vital action, or life;
spirit, soul, vitality; a vital organ, organ of
Fortune, fate, &c.=prrabdh, q.v.
sense, vital air; air inhaled, wind;anyone as
S prlamb, s.m. Garland hanging dear as the breath of life, any beloved object,
down from the neck to the breast; necklace. sweetheart, mistress;poetical talent,
S prmdya, s.m. Madness, inspiration; an epithet ofBrahm the Supreme
frenzy, fury; intoxication; the tree Justicia Spirit; (in Gram.) aspiration in the articulation
adhenatoda. of letters:prn-asthn, s.m.=pr-sthan,
q.v.:prpahr (a+ap), adj. Taking
S prmik, adj. & s.m.
away life, fatal, deadly:
Established by proof, resting or founded on an prdhik (a+adh), adj. 'More than life,'
authority, authoritative; genuine, authentic, dearer than life; superior in vigour:
credible, true;one who rests his arguments on

507
pradhinth (a+adh), s.m. 'Lord of life,' death, worry, harass, persecute:pr-may,
husband:prnt (a+an), s.m. The end of adj. & s.m. Endowed with breath or life, living,
life, death:prntik, adj. Destructive to life, breathing;a living being; pr-may-kosh,
fatal, mortal, capital (as (punishment); s.m. One of the cases or investitures of the soul,
dangerous, lasting to the end of life, ending the vital or organic case:pr-nth, s.m.
with life;s.m. Murder, assassination: 'Lord of life,' husband; a lover (=pr-pati); an
pr-ym (a+ay), s.m. Restraining or epithet of Yama:pr-n, s.m. Destruction
suspending the breath, or breathing in a peculiar or cessation of breath; destruction of the life:
way through the nostrils, during the mental pr-nak, adj. Stopping the breath; life-
recitation of the names and attributes of some destroying:pr nikaln (-k) = pr hn,
deity:pr-bdh, s.m. Danger to life, fear for q.v.:pr-vn, adj. Having breath or life,
life, extreme peril:pr-bidy, s.f.=pr- breathing, living, animated; possessing power,
vidy, q.v.:pr-pati, s.m. 'Lord of life,' the strong, powerful:pr-vidy, s.f. The science
soul, heart; a husband:pr-pratishha, s.f. of the breath or vital airs; the science of the
'The imparting life' (to an idol), the ceremony of soul, psychology:pr-vyay, s.m.
consecrating an idol:pr-prad, s.f. A 'Expenditure of life,' giving up the ghost,
species of medicinal plant:pr-priya, pr- death:pr-hrak, pr-hr, pr-har, adj.
pyr, adj. & s.m. (f. -), Dear as life, dear to Taking away life, threatening life, causing
the soul, dear, beloved; a lover, sweetheart, death, mortal, deadly, destructive:pr-ytr,
darling:prn tajn, v.n. To abandon or yield s.f. Support of life, subsistence:
up life, to give up the ghost; to lose courage, or pre, prevar (na+a, or vara),
spirit, or heart:pr-tulya, adj. & s.m.=prn- s.m.=pr-pati and pr-nth, qq.v.:
sam, q.v.:pr-tuly, s.f.=pr-sam, q.v.: pre, s.f. 'Queen of life,' a wife (an
pr-tyg, s.m. Abandonment of life, expiring, expression of endearment).
death, suicide;pr-tyg karn, v.n. To yield H parn [S. ], v.n. To run,
up life; to commit suicide:pr hun(-k),
to flee.
To set the soul free, to kill; to save the life (of);
to escape with life:pr hn, v.n. The H pirn [fr. S. 'pain'], v.n. To
breath to flit, or to leave (the body), to die;to have pain; to be painful, to pain, ache.
be tired, to be out of breath, to be fatigued, or H purn [pur = purw =
exhausted:pr hon, v.n.=pr tajn,
Prk. (), or ()=S. (caus.
q.v.:pr-dt, s.m. A life-giver, one who
saves another's life:pr-dn, s.m. The gift of of )+()], v.t. To fill; to fulfil; to
life; saving anyone's life; resigning or laying complete, finish.
down life:pr-dan, s.m. The punishment H purn [S. +], adj. (f. -),
of death, capital punishment;pr-dan Old, ancient; worn out, old-fashioned,
den (-ko), To pronounce sentence of death; to antiquated, obsolete, out of date; experienced,
execute the sentence of death; pr-dan-k sage, knowing.
bir karn (ke), To try (one) for a capital
S pr, s.f. 'Dear as life,' beloved
offence;pr-dan khn, v.n. To suffer
capital punishment:pr-dhran, s.m. The object, sweetheart, mistress.
support or maintenance of life, sustenance, S prpahr, adj. See
prolongation of life; a means of supporting life; s.v. pr.
retaining life, vitality:prn den, v.n.=pr S prnta, prnt (pra+anta), s.m.
tajn, q.v.:pra-sthn, s.m. Any vital part
Edge, margin, border, end, extremity.
of the body:pr-sam, pr-samn, adj. &
s.m. Equal to, or as dear as, life;one who is as S prntar (pra+an), s.m. A
dear as life itself, lover, husband (=pr- lonesome way or lane, solitary path; a desolate
pyr; pr-tulya);pr-sam, pr- place, or plain.
sumn, pr-samn, s.f. 'Equal to life'; a H parh, s.m.=parh, q.v.
wife:pr-sayam, s.m. Checking or S prjali (pra+a), s.f.
suspending the breath (as a religious
exercise):pr-grhak, pr-grh, adj. & Holding out the open hands slightly hollowed
s.m. Seizing or taking life, destroying;a and placed side by side (as if to hold an
offering); joining the palms of the hands in a
destroyer of life:pr-ght, s.m. Destroying
supplicating manner, or as a mark of respect
life, killing, murder:pr-ghtak, adj. Life-
and salutation.
destroying, destructive to life, killing:pr
len (-k), 'To take the life' (of); to tease to S pr, adj. & adv.=prk, q.v.

508
S parnas, vulg. parns, s.f. S parvar, =
The practice of medicine, administering S parvart, See s.v. para, par.
remedies, medical treatment.
S parvart, =
S prak, s.m. A living being, an
animal or sentient being; a species of S parvar, See s.v. para, par.
plant, Celtis orientalis. S prvrit, s.m. =
S prik, vulg. parik, adj. S prvrit, s.f. Veil, mantle, cloak,
Pertaining to life, animal. wrapper.
S prga, s.m. A kind of drum S prvrit, s.f. =
(=pgan).
S prvrit, s.m. Veil, mantle, cloak,
S prgan (pra+an), s.m. A court,
wrapper.
yard, court-yard.
S prvritti, s.f. Enclosure, fence,
S , par-
hedge.
mukh (from par), adj. Having the face
S prvri, =
turned away or averted, turning the back upon;
averted, turned away; turning away (from), S prvrish, s.m. The rainy season,
averse (from), disinclined (towards). the rains, the two
S par-mukhat, s.f. = months Swan and Bhdo (July and Aug.):
S par-mukhava, prvrish-yan, s.f. A kind of weed which
grows most luxuriantly during the
s.m. Turning away or averting the face;
rains, Boerhavia procumbens;
disinclination, repugnance, dislike, aversion,
cowach, Carpopogon pruriens:prvrishenya,
disgust.
s.m. The Kadamb tree, Nauclea cadamba.
S par-mukhava, s.m. =
S prvrish, =
S par-mukhat,
S prvri, s.m. The rainy season,
s.f. Turning away or averting the face;
the rains, the two
disinclination, repugnance, dislike, aversion,
months Swan and Bhdo (July and Aug.):
disgust.
prvrish-yan, s.f. A kind of weed which
S pran, s.m. The throat; the act of grows most luxuriantly during the
breathing, respiration; living, life; producing rains, Boerhavia procumbens;
life, calling into life;adj. Life-producing, cowach, Carpopogon pruriens:prvrishenya,
giving life to. s.m. The Kadamb tree, Nauclea cadamba.
S prant, s.m. Air, wind; a kind H par`oh, pir`oh, s.m.
of collyrium. (Prov.)=parh, q.v.
S prant, s.f. Hiccough; S prvya, s.m. Skilfulness,
sneezing; sobbing. cleverness; accurate knowledge.
S pr, vulg. par, pir, adj. & H parh [S. ], s.f. Fleeing,
s.m. Breathing, living, alive;a living or running away; flight, escape; a general
sentient being, living creature, animal; a man; emigration.
the spirit (of a deceased person), a ghost:
S parh, s.m. =
pr-p, s.f. Pain or cruelty to animals:
pr-mt, s.f. A mother:pr-vak-abd, S parhna, s.m. See s.v. para, par.
s.m. (in Gram.) A word indicating an animate S parhna, s.m. =
object (as distinguished from an inanimate
one):pr-hit, adj. Salutary to life:pr- S parh, s.m. See s.v. para, par.
his, s.f. Injury to life. H pary [S. ++, or ],
H purne-pan [S. +], adj. (f. par`), Of or belonging to another,
s.m. Oldness, ancientness, antiquity. another's; other, another, strange, foreign, alien,
S prva, s.m. Barley. extraneous:par`e-k, adj. Another's, &c.:
pary-garbh, adj. Pregnant by another (than
H prvi, s.m.=prvri; prvrish, one's husband).
q.v. S paryatt, adj. See s.v. para, par.
H par`oh, pir`oh, P par`ia (irreg. pl., after the Ar.,
s.m. (Prov.)=parh, q.v. of pra), s.m. Shreds, bits of cloth, &c.

509
S pryas, adv. See prya. H parab, parb, s.m. A gem, a flat
S pryaitta, s.m. See diamond.
s.v. prya. H purab, s.m.=prab, q.v.
S parya, adj. & s.m. Making H prabs [S. +], s.m. Living
anything one's chief object, wholly devoted to, abroad or away from home, sojourning in a
zealously engaged in, wholly occupied with, foreign country; foreign residence
intent on, affected by, wholly possessed by (temporarily); travelling; journey.
(often used at the end of a comp.);principal H prabs [S. ], adj. &
object, chief aim or purport; attachment,
s.m. Sojourning abroad;sojourner abroad, one
devotedness (to); adherence (to).
who lives away from home; traveller.
H paryan, s.m.=palyan; parh;
H pur-bs, s.m. See
qq.v.
s.v. pura, pur.
S prya, s.m. Departure from life,
H parbl, s.m.=parwl, q.v.
death, voluntary death (=prya).
H pir`in [P. pr+H. aff. `in = S. n], s.f. S prabl, s.m. A young shoot,
The wife of a pr;a woman who professes to sprout, new leaf or branch; coral; the neck of
cure female disorders, and also epilepsy, by the Indian lute.
means of spells and charms. H prabh, s.m. Flood, &c.=pravh,
S prya, s.m. Going away, departure; q.v.
departure from life; seeking death by fasting, H parbat [S. ], s.m. A hill,
sitting down and fasting to death (as a religious mountain.
or penitentiary act, or, like the practice of sitting
in dharn, to enforce compliance with a H parbat [S. ], adj. & s.m. Of
demand); principal part, largest portion; or pertaining to the hills; hilly;a mountaineer.
plurality, majority, majority of cases, general H parbat, s.f. =
rule; quantity, abundance, plenty, excess;
H parbatiy,
banquet, feast;a stage or condition of life,
age; (as a suffix, or a prefix), almost, like, s.m. [S. +], lit. 'Produced in the hills'; a
resembling (e.g. amrit-prya, 'like nectar'): kind of pumpkin.
prya-dvp, prya-dp, s.m. 'Almost an island,' H parbatiy, s.m. =
a peninsula (=upa-dvp):
pryaitt (for prya-itta, the being H parbat, s.f. [S. +], lit.
euphonic), s.m. Expiation, expiatory act, 'Produced in the hills'; a kind of pumpkin.
atonement, penance, satisfaction, compensation, S pra-buddh, adj. Awake, wakened;
indemnification, amends
expanded; wise, learned.
(=vulg. parit; parit):pryaitt-kart,
s.m. One who effects expiation, or makes H pra-barsha [S. +], s.m.
atonement:pryaitt-muktval, s.f. Any Raining, causing to rain; the first rain; name of
work prescribing the rules of expiation: a section of a certain treatise; name of a
pryaitt-wl, s.m.=pryaitt-kart, particular mountain.
q.v.: pryaitt-vidhi, s.f. A prescribed rule of H par-brahm, s.m. See
penance or expiation.
s.v. para, par.
S prya, pryas, adv. For the
S pra-bal, vulg. parbal, adj. (f.
most part, mostly, chiefly; generally,
-), Mighty, very powerful, of superior strength,
commonly, usually; about, nearly, nearly all; in
prevailing, predominant, prevalent, violent.
all probability, most likely; abundantly, largely.
S prabalat, s.f. =
H parb, parab [S. = ], s.m. A
knot, joint, knuckle, limb, member; division, S prabalatv, s.m. Superior
section; book, chapter; the days of the four power, might, powerfulness, mightiness,
changes of the moon (i.e. the full and change of predominance, violence:prabalat karn,
the moon, and the eighth and fourteenth of each v.n. To exert might, &c.
half month); a particular period of the year (as S prabalatv, s.m. =
the equinox, solstice, &c.); the moment of the
sun's entering a new sign; a festival, holiday, S prabalat, s.f. Superior power,
anniversary festival, feast or sacred day; might, powerfulness, mightiness,
opportunity, occasion; a moment, instant. predominance, violence:prabalat karn,
v.n. To exert might, &c.

510
S prabandh, s.m. A connection, ridicule; explanation, definition; technical term,
technicality; terminology; a general maxim; (in
bond, tie; uninterrupted connection, continuous
Medicine) prognosis.
series; uninterruptedness, continuance,
continuous application or action; a continued S pari-bhsh, adj. Speaking,
discourse or narration, connected discussion, discoursing; explaining.
connected story or narrative; composition, style; S par-bhg, s.m. See
any literary composition, a poetical production;
s.v. para, par.
a kind of song;prabandh-kalpan, s.f. A
feigned story, a work of imagination (whether S pra-bhg, s.m. (in Arith.), The
founded on fact or not). fraction of a fraction, a sub-fraction:pra-
S pra-bandhit, part. adj. bhg-jti, s.f. Reducing the fraction of a
fraction to a simple fraction; reduction of sub-
Connected; arranged; agreed on.
fractions to a common denominator.
H purabn, s.f.=prabn, q.v.
S prabhn, s.m. Shining, light,
S pra-bodh, s.m. Waking, awaking radiance.
(either from sleep or from ignorance); S prabhjan, s.m. See
vigilance, watchfulness, wakefulness, activity;
s.v. prabh.
intellect, understanding, knowledge, wisdom,
intelligence; explaining; information, S pari-bh`o, s.m.=pari-bhav, q.v.
instruction, demonstration, producing S pra-bhv, s.m. Might, power,
conviction, persuading, persuasion; consoling, puissance, force, strength, efficacy, influence,
consolation:prabodh karn (-ko), To instruct, virtue; majesty, dignity, glory, grandeur
&c. superhuma strength or power; effect; high
S pra-bodhit, part. Awakened, spirit, magnanimity.
awake, roused, excited; taught, instructed, S pari-bhv, adj. & s.m.
informed, admonished; convinced, persuaded. Treating with contempt, slighting, despising;
S pra-bodhit, s.f. A species of insulting, mocking, ridiculing;slighter,
the Atijagat metre. despiser, &c.
S pra-bodhak, adj. & s.m. H prabhu-pan, s.m. =
Awakening, arousing; making aware of, H prabhut, s.m. =
informing, convincing;one who awakens, &c.
S prabhut, s.f. =
S pra-bodhan, s.m. Awakening,
arousing, exciting, reviving, recalling to life, H prabhut`, s.f. =
resuscitating; instructing, &c. (=prabodh, q.v.). S prabhutva, s.m. The status of a
S prabhu, s.m.= prabhu, q.v. proprietor, &c.; ownership, proprietorship,
S pra-bh, s.f. Light, splendour, mastership, lordship, chieftainship;
government; ascendency, supremacy, influence,
radiance, effulgence, lustre; shadow:prabh- superiority, great power; greatness, dignity,
kar, adj. & s.m. Causing light or splendour, majesty:prabhut karn, v.n. To acquire
illuminating, radiant, luminous;the sun; the ascendency, to prevail, to exercise sovereignty;
moon; fire:prabhjan (bh+a), s.m. The to lord it, &c.:pra-bhut-vn, adj. Possessing
tree Hyperanthera moring:prabh-k, s.m. great power or rank, &c.
'Light-insect,' a firefly:prabh-vn, prabh-
H prabhut, s.m. =
vant, adj. Having light, luminous, radiant,
splendid, resplendent:prabh-vat, s.f. Name H prabhu-pan, s.m. =
of a Sanskrit metre. S prabhut, s.f. =
S pra-bht, vulg. parbht, s.m.
H prabhut`, s.f. =
Morning, dawn, day-break.
H prabht, adj. & s.f. Sung in a S prabhutva, s.m. The status of a
tune or rgin peculiar to morning;matins proprietor, &c.; ownership, proprietorship,
sung in that tune. mastership, lordship, chieftainship;
government; ascendency, supremacy, influence,
S pra-bhs, s.m. Name of a superiority, great power; greatness, dignity,
celebrated place of pilgrimage on the west coast majesty:prabhut karn, v.n. To acquire
of the Dakkhan near Dwrak. ascendency, to prevail, to exercise sovereignty;
S pari-bhsh, s.f. Speech, to lord it, &c.:pra-bhut-vn, adj. Possessing
conversation, discourse; blame, censure, abuse, great power or rank, &c.

511
S prabhut, s.f. = S pra-bhajan, s.m. Breaking
H prabhu-pan, s.m. = down, destroying; air, wind, storm, tempest.
S prabhu, & H. prabh, s.m.
H prabhut, s.m. =
Superior, ruler, governor, master, lord, owner,
H prabhut`, s.f. = proprietor, commander, principal:prabhu-
S prabhutva, s.m. The status of a bhakt, adj. Attached or devoted to a lord,
proprietor, &c.; ownership, proprietorship, faithful to a master, loyal, dutiful:prabhu-
mastership, lordship, chieftainship; bhakti, s.f. Attachment to a lord or master,
government; ascendency, supremacy, influence, loyalty, faithfulness, devotedness, dutifulness.
superiority, great power; greatness, dignity, S pari-bhav, s.m. Contumely,
majesty:prabhut karn, v.n. To acquire insult, injury, humiliation, degradation,
ascendency, to prevail, to exercise sovereignty; disrespect, contempt, disgrace.
to lord it, &c.:pra-bhut-vn, adj. Possessing S pra-bhav, s.m. Production, birth;
great power or rank, &c.
origin, source, cause of existence; generative
H prabhut`, s.f. = cause; the operative cause or immediate origin
H prabhu-pan, s.m. = of being (as the father or mother); birth-place,
family, lineage; strength, superiority;
H prabhut, s.m. = authority;adj. Springing or originating
S prabhut, s.f. = (from), rising (from), derived (from), belonging
(to); born, produced.
S prabhutva, s.m. The status of a
S prabhtat, s.f. =
proprietor, &c.; ownership, proprietorship,
mastership, lordship, chieftainship; S prabhtatva, s.m. Abundance,
government; ascendency, supremacy, influence, plenty; multitude, great number.
superiority, great power; greatness, dignity, S prabhtatva, s.m. =
majesty:prabhut karn, v.n. To acquire
ascendency, to prevail, to exercise sovereignty; S prabhtat, s.f. Abundance,
to lord it, &c.:pra-bhut-vn, adj. Possessing plenty; multitude, great number.
great power or rank, &c. H par-
S prabhutva, s.m. =
bhshan [S. +], s.m. An excellent
H prabhu-pan, s.m. = ornament (see also s.v. para, par).
H prabhut, s.m. = S par-bhmi, s.f. See
S prabhut, s.f. = s.v. para, par.
H prabhut`, s.f. The status of a S pari-bhog, s.m. Enjoyment;
proprietor, &c.; ownership, proprietorship, sexual intercourse, possession, a means of
mastership, lordship, chieftainship; enjoyment; living at another's cost, using
government; ascendency, supremacy, influence, another's property without his leave, illegal use
superiority, great power; greatness, dignity, of another's goods.
majesty:prabhut karn, v.n. To acquire S pari-bhavan, s.m.=pari-bhav,
ascendency, to prevail, to exercise sovereignty; q.v.
to lord it, &c.:pra-bhut-vn, adj. Possessing S pra-bhav (fem. of prabhu), s.f.
great power or rank, &c.
Mistress, proprietress, &c.
S pra-bhriti, s.f. & adv.
S pra-bhed, s.m. Splitting, cutting
Beginning, commencement;beginning
through; division, separation, distinction,
with, et cetera (used at the end of comp.,
difference, disparity; kind, sort; a nickname.
e.g. vrihaspati-prabhriti (the planets)
'beginning with Jupiter,' or 'Jupiter, et cetera'). S pra-bhedak, adj. Tearing
S pari-bhram, s.m. Going about asunder, cleaving, separating, severing;
piercing; distinguishing, discriminating.
wandering, going astray; mistake, error.
H purbiy, puraby, s.m.=prbiy,
S pari-bhrama, s.m. Turning
q.v.
round, revolving; going about, wandering.
H pra-bes, = H pra-
S pari-bhrash, part. adj. Fallen,
be, s.m.=prave, q.v.
cast down, degraded, corrupted; deprived of;
lost.

512
H pra-be, = H pra- S par-pad, s.m. See s.v. para, par;
bes, s.m.=prave, q.v. and param.
H prabes, adj.=prave, q.v.
H parpar [S. or redupl.],
H , pra-bn, vulg. parbn,
s.m. Tingling sensation, smart; throbbing.
adj.=prav, q.v.
H prabiat, s.f.=pravat, q.v.
H parparn [fr. S. or
S parp, s.m. A wheel-chair, a chair in
redupl.], v.n. To tingle, to smart, to throb
which a cripple is moved about.
with pain (as the tongue from an acid substance;
S pari-p, vulg. par-p, s.f. also written papan).
Succession, order, method, arrangement;
arithmetic. H parparha, s.f. Tingling,
S pari-pk, = smart; bitterness, acrimony.
H pari-pk, s.m. Being
completely cooked or dressed; digestion; S pari-pushkar, s.f. A
ripening, maturity, perfection; cleverness, species of cucumber, Cucumis
shrewdness, experience. maderaspattanus.
H pari-pk, =
S pari-pk, s.m. Being completely H pari-pak, adj.=pari-pakva, q.v.
cooked or dressed; digestion; ripening,
maturity, perfection; cleverness, shrewdness, S pari-pakvat, s.f. = S
experience. pari-pakvatva, s.m. The
S pari-pkini, s.f. The plant state of being completely cooked; digestion;
Ipoma turpethum (used as a drug). ripeness, full maturity, perfection; shrewdness,
knowingness; fluency.
S pari-plit, part. Protected,
cherished. S pari-pakvatva, s.m. = S
pari-pakvat, s.f. The state of
S pari-plak, adj. & s.m. being completely cooked; digestion; ripeness,
Guarding, protecting, defending, maintaining, full maturity, perfection; shrewdness,
supporting, sustaining;protector, guardian, knowingness; fluency.
nourisher, cherisher, maintainer, &c.
S pari-pakva, adj. Completely
S pari-plan, s.m. Protecting, cooked or dressed; completely burnt (as a
cherishing, defending, maintaining, sustaining, brick); digested; quite ripe, mature; highly
keeping; protection, nurture:pari-plan karn cultivated or educated, very knowing or
(-k, or -ko), To protect, cherish, &c. shrewd; near death or decay, decaying.

S pra-pitmaha, s.m. A S pra-palyit, part. Put to

paternal great-grandfather. flight, routed, defeated.

S pra-pitmah, s.f. A S pra-palyan, s.m. Running

paternal great-grandmother. away, flight, rout.

S parpat, s.m. A species of medicinal S pra-paly, adj. & s.m.

plant with bitter leaves, Oldenlandia biflora, or Running away, flying;a fugitive, one who
Gardenia latifolia:parpa-drum, s.m. deserts his cause.
Bdellium.
S pari-plut, part. Flooded,
S parpa, s.f. A kind of fragrant inundated; wetted, bathed, immersed.
earth, or a red aluminous earth (brought from
Surat); a thin crisp cake (=pap, q.v.).

513
S pari-plav, adj. & s.m. deceitful, tricky;Trickster, deceiver, cneat,
rogue, &c.
Swimming about; undulating, waving, shaking,
tremulous, unsteady;inundation; bathing,
wetting, immersing;a ship, boat. S prapunna, vulg. prapunna,
s.m.=prapun, q.v.
S pra-punn, s.f. A kind of grass,
Hedysarum alhaji. H par-pot, = S pra-
pautra, = H par-potr, s.m. The
S prapun, prapunn child of a son's son, a great-grandson.
= S prapun, prapunn
= S prapunl, prapunnl S pra-pautra, = H
s.m. A species of tree, Cassia tora; the ring- par-pot, = H par-potr, s.m.
worm shrub, Cassia alata. The child of a son's son, a great-grandson.

S prapun, prapunn H par-potr, = H

= S prapun, prapunn par-pot, = S pra-pautra, s.m. The
= S prapunl, prapunnl child of a son's son, a great-grandson.
s.m. A species of tree, Cassia tora; the ring-
worm shrub, Cassia alata. S pra-pautr; H. par-
potr, = H par-pot, s.f. A great-
S prapunl, prapunnl = grand-daughter.
S prapun, prapunn =
S prapun, prapunn H par-pot, = S
s.m. A species of tree, Cassia tora; the ring- pra-pautr; H. par-potr, s.f. A great-
worm shrub, Cassia alata. grand-daughter.

S pari-panthik, = S S pari-pjit, part. Much

pari-panth, s.m. Antagonist, honoured, served, worshipped, adored.
opponent, enemy, adversary; robber,
highwayman, bandit. S pari-pjan, s.m. Honouring
highly, worshipping, adoring.
S pari-panth, = S
pari-panthik, s.m. Antagonist, S pari-prit, part. Filled;
opponent, enemy, adversary; robber, satisfied, completed, fulfilled; brimful.
highwayman, bandit.
H par-pr, adj.=pari-pr, q.v.
S pra-pa, vulg. par-pa,
s.m. Development, diffusion, display, S pra-prik, s.f. Prickly
amplification, expansion; prolixity, diffuseness, nightshade, Solanum jacquini.
copiousness (in style or composition); reverse,
opposition, reversion, inversion; analysis; error, S pari-pra, pari-pr, vulg.
illusion, delusion, deceit, trick, fraud.
pari-pran, adj. Quite full, very full, brimful,
completely filled, entire, complete, replete;
S pra-pait, part. Amplified, fully satisfied, content, self-satisfied.
expanded, extended, diffused; declared fully,
explained, expatiated upon, treated at length; S pra-pr, vulg. par-pra, s.m.
caused to appear in a false light; mistaken,
The act of filling up, filling; satisfying;
erring; tricked, deceived, beguiled.
completing; bending a bow (i.e. the drawing or
filling out of a bow-string for the purpose of
S pra-pa, vulg. par- shooting).
pa, adj. & s.m. Insidious, artful. fraudulent,

514
S
pari-prat, s.f. = S H part [S. +], s.m. A large
pari-pratva, s.m. reel (for winding thread, &c.=paret).
Completion, completeness, entireness, fulness;
satisfaction, satiety. H purt, adv. Fully, completely.

S pari-pratva, s.m. = S H partb, s.m.=pratp, q.v.

pari-prat, s.f. Completion,
P partb, s.m. Bowshot, range of an arrow,
completeness, entireness, fulness; satisfaction,
musket, &c.
satiety.

S pari-tp, s.m. Glow, heat,

S pra-paunark, s.m. A
scorching heat; pain, anguish, grief, sorrow,
small herbaceous plant, Hibiscus mutabilis
affliction; name of a particular hell.
(used as a remedy for ulcers and bad eyes, and
as a perfume; vulg. punariy, puneriy).
S pratp, vulg. partp, s.m.
S pra-phulla, adj. Blooming, Glowing heat, heat, warmth; splendour,
brilliancy, glory, majesty, dignity; the
blossoming, flowering, blossomed, blown (as a
possession of rank and power, superiority;
flower), covered with blossoms; expanded like
ardour, zeal, spirit, vigour, power, efficacy,
a blown flower; shining; smiling, gay, glad,
energy; courage, prowess, valour; magnanimity,
bright, cheerful, pleased:praphulla-mukh =
generosity, goodness, favour, kindness:
pra-phulla-vadan, q.v.:pra-phulla-nayan,
pratp-se, adv. Generously; through the
praphulla-netra, adj. Having full or sparkling
kindness or favour (of):pratp-may = pratp-
eyes, bright-eyed; having eyes expanded with
vn, pratp-vant, adj. Full of splendour,
joy:praphulla-vadan, adj. Having the face
endowed with majesty, majestic, glorious,
expanded with joy, having a cheerful or smiling
mighty, powerful; dignified (=pratp).
countenance, cheerful-looking, bright-faced.
S pratpas, s.m. A species of
S pra-phullit, part. adj.=pra-
gigantic Asclepias with white flowers,
phulla, q.v.
Calotropis gigantea alba.
S pra-phullat, s.f. = S
S pratpan, adj. Burning;
pra-phullatva, s.m. Brightness, inflicting pain paining;s.m. A particular nell.
cheerfulness, gayness.
S pratp, adj. Hot, burning;
S pra-phullatva, s.m. = S shining splendid; majestic, &c. (=pratp-vn
pra-phullat, s.f. Brightness, S pari-tp, adj. Burning hot, very
cheerfulness, gayness. hot; causing much pain or sorrow, causing
anguish, torturing, tormenting.
H par-paih, s.m. See s.v. para, S pratrit, part. Deceived,
par. misled, cheated, imposed upon.
S pra-trak, adj. & s.m. (f. -ik),
S pari-pel, s.m. A fragrant grass, Deceiving, deceitful, cheating, imposing upon,
Cyperus rotundus. insidious, perfidious;deceiver, cheat,
impostor.
H parat, part [S. +], s.m. Fold, S pra-trakat, s.f. =
plait, ply; coat, layer, crust, incrustation, S pra-trakatva,
stratum; sheet (of paper, &c.);adj. One, a.
s.m. Deceitfulness, cheating, roguery,
perfidiousness, &c. (see next).
S prati, prep. or prefix (used in comp.
S pra-trakatva, s.m. =
and signifying), Again, against, back again,
towards, near, about; according; for, in S pra-trakat,
exchange, in stead; each, every, &c. s.f. Deceitfulness, cheating, roguery,
perfidiousness, &c. (see next).

515
S pra-tra, s.m. = brilliant conception; understanding,
intelligence, intellect (esp. as opening or
S pra-tra, s.f. (root with ), expanding); genius, wit, ingenuity; confidence,
Ferrying over or across, carrying over, crossing boldness, audacity, impudence; dignity.
over; deceiving, cheating, over-reaching; S prati-bhs, s.m. Appearance,
deception, deceit, fraud, trick.
look, similitude; appearing or occurring to the
S pra-tra, s.f. = mind; illusion.
S pra-tra, s.m. (root with ), S prati-bhsan, s.m.
Ferrying over or across, carrying over, crossing Appearing, appearance, look, semblance.
over; deceiving, cheating, over-reaching; S prati-bhsh, s.f. Answer,
deception, deceit, fraud, trick.
reply, rejoinder, defence.
H partl [S. + rt. ], s.f.
S prati-bhg, s.m. Division;
Remeasurement of a field, &c. (see patl, the
share, portion; small daily present of fruit,
usual form):partl-jarb, s.f. Idem.
flowers, vegetables, &c.
S pra-tn, s.m. A shoot, tendril; a
S prati-bh`o, s.m.
plant with tendrils, a creeper, climber; a kind of
Corresponding character or disposition.
disease, tetanus, epilepsy.
S prati-bhat, adj. Vying with,
S prati-bdhak, adj.
rivalling, emulating.
Thrusting back, rejecting, repelling;
withstanding, opposing, preventing. S prati-bhaat, s.f.
S prati-bdh, adj. & s.m. Emulousness, emulation.
Opposing;opponent, adversary; defendant. S prati-bhinn, part. Pierced
H prati-bs (see next), s.m. through: separated, divided.
Neighbourhood. S prati-bh, s.m. Surety, security,
H prati-bs [S. +], bail, bondman, sponsor, pledge:prati-bh
hon, v.n. To stand security, &c.
adj. & s.m. Dwelling near, neighbouring;a
neighbour. S prati-bhay, adj. & s.m.
H prati-barsh, adv.=prati-varsh. Formidable, terrible, terrific, horrific, fearful,
frightful; dangerous;anything formidable,
H prati-bimb, = fearful, or dangerous; fear, danger.
H prati- S prati-bhedan, s.m. Piercing,
bimbh, [S. +], s.m. Reflection, penetrating; splitting, cleaving, cutting,
dividing, separating.
reflected image, mirrored form; a resemblance
or counterpart of real forms, shadow, image, S prati-pdit, part. Given,
picture. delivered, presented; caused, produced,
H prati-bimbh, = accomplished, effected; declared, represented,
stated, enunciated, asserted, proved,
H prati-bimb, [S. +], established, maintained, ascertained; explained,
s.m. Reflection, reflected image, mirrored form; expounded, treated of.
a resemblance or counterpart of real forms, S prati-pdan, s.m. Imparting,
shadow, image, picture.
giving, presenting; donation, gift; appointing,
S prati-bandh, s.m. producing, exciting, causing, accomplishing,
Connection, conjunction; investment, blockade; effecting; enunciating, treating of, discussing,
blocking up, obstacle, hinderance, impediment, expounding, explaining, teaching, affirming,
interruption. declaring; ascertaining, establishing, proving,
S prati-bandhak, adj. & s.m. substantiating:prati-pdan karn, v.t. To
Obstructing, obstructive, hindering, enunciate, &c.
impeding;opposer, obstructer, &c.; obstacle, S prati-pdya, part. adj. To be
impediment, hinderance. treated of, to be discussed, to be explained or
S prati-bodhak, adj. A expounded.
wakening; admonishing, instructing. H prati-pl [S. +], s.m.
S prati-bh, s.f. An image; look, Protecting, guarding, defending, cherishing,
appearance, manifestation; light, splendour; patronizing, protection, fostering, rearing,
reflected light; a flashing thought, bright idea, breeding; entertaining;cherisher, patron,

516
&c.=prati-plak, q.v.:prati-pl karn, v.t. To S prati-pjak, adj. & s.m.
protect, foster, entertain, &c.
Doing homage, honouring;one who does
S prati-plit, part. Protected, homage, a reverer, venerator, adorer,
cherished; practised, followed. worshipper.
S prati-plak, adj. & s.m. S prati-pjan, s.m. Doing
Protecting, defending, preserving, cherishing; homage, showing respect, honouring; exchange
protector, guardian, benefactor, nourisher, of civilities, mutual obeisance or reverence.
cherisher, patron; a king. S prati-phal, s.m. Return, reward,
S prati-plan, s.m.=prati-pl, recompense, remuneration, requital, retaliation,
q.v. retribution:pratiphal-dt, s.m. Rewarder,
H prati-pln, v.t.=prati-pal recompenser, avenger, an epithet of the Deity.
karn, q.v.s.v. prati-pl. H partit (Old H.)=pratt,
S prati-pat, s.f. The first day of a and pratti, qq.v.
lunar fortnight, the first day of the moon's S prati-tl, s.m. A particular tune,
increase or wane (esp. of the former); a kind of air or melody.
understanding, intelligence; rank, consequence. S prati-jn: See pratigy.
S prati-patti, s.f. Gaining, getting,
S prati-jihv, s.f. The uvula or
obtaining, acquirement, gain; becoming aware
soft palate.
of, perception, ascertainment, determination,
knowledge; acquirement of rank or dignity, S prati-jvan, s.m. Returning
reputation, fame, renown; honouring, to life, resuscitation.
worshipping, honour, respectful behaviour. S prati-intan, s.m. Thinking
H prati-pah, s.m.=prati- repeatedly, considering, meditating upon.
pakshi, q.v. H partah, partih, adj. &
S prati-pad, s.f.=prati-pat, q.v. adv.=pratyaksh, q.v.
H prati-pad [S. + ], adv. At H prati-hh, =
every step, at each step, step by step; on every H prati-hh, =
occasion, every moment, continually; at every
place, everywhere; in every word, at every S prati-hy, s.f. A reflected
word. image, shadow; image, statue, picture, bas-
S prati-prasav, s.m. Counter- relief.
order, countermand, suspension of a general H prati-hh, =
prohibition in a particular case, license for an H prati-hh, =
act which under other circumstances is
S prati-hy, s.f. A reflected
forbidden.
image, shadow; image, statue, picture, bas-
S prati-purush, adv. Man by
relief.
man. every man, for each man.
S prati-hy, =
S prati-paksh, s.m. Rival,
H prati-hh, =
opponent, adversary.
S prati-panna, part. Come up to, H prati-hh, s.f. A
approached, reached, obtained, gained; done, reflected image, shadow; image, statue, picture,
effected, accomplished; known, understood, bas-relief.
ascertained, determined; assented to, agreed to, S prati-dn, s.m. Giving back,
accepted, admitted. returning or restoring (a deposit), restitution,
S prati-pannat, s.f. = restoration; return, a gift in return; exchange,
barter.
S prati-pannatva, s.m. The
S prati-datla, part. Given back;
being reached, or acquired, &c.; proof,
demonstration. given in exchange.
S prati-pannatva, s.m. =
H prati-di [S. +],
S prati-pannat, s.f. The being
adv. In every direction, in all directions, from
reached, or acquired, &c.; proof, demonstration. every quarter; everywhere, all around.

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H prati-din [S. +], adv. S pari-tas, adv. Around, round
From day to day, day by day, every day, daily; about, all around, on all sides, on every side,
always, continually. everywhere, in every direction, from all parts.

S prati-dhvn, s.m. = S S prati-spardh, s.f.

prati-dhvani, s.m.f. (?) Emulation, rivalry.
Reverberated sound, echo; resonance.
S prati-spardh, adj. & s.m.
S prati-dhvani, s.m.f. (?) = S Emulous, envious; refractory, rebellious;a
rival.
prati-dhvn, s.m.
Reverberated sound, echo; resonance. S prati-sar, adj. & s.m. Going
towards; following, dependent, subject to,
S paratra, adv. Elsewhere, in another servile;a cord or ribbon worn round the neck
place, in another world, in a future state. or wrist at nuptials, &c. (as an amulet); an
ornament, bracelet, wreath, garland;a
S pari-trt, = S follower, servant, dependant;a form of magic
or incantation;cicatrizing or healing (as a
pari-trtri, s.m. Protector, defender, rescuer,
sore).
saviour.

S prati-sarg, s.m. Continued

S pari-trtri, = S
creation out of primitive matter; secondary
pari-trt, s.m. Protector, defender, rescuer,
creation, or the creation of the world by the
saviour.
agency of Brahm and other divinities regarded
as the agents of one Supreme Being;
H prati-rtra [S. + ], dissolution; the portion of a Purna which treats
adv. Each night, every night, nightly. of the destruction and renovation of the world.

S pari-tr, s.m. Protecting, S prati-syya, s.m.=prati-

protection, preserving, rescuing, rescue, yy, q.v.
deliverance, preservation, defence, salvation.
S prati-abd, s.m. Reverberating
S prati-rakshan, s.m. sound, reverberation, echo, resonance.
Preserving, preservation, protection.
S pari-tusht, part. Completely
S prati-rp, s.m. The satisfied, contented, much pleased, delighted.
counterpart of any real form, an image,
resemblance, representation, likeness, picture. S pratishh, adj. Famous,
renowned.
S prati-rodh, s.m. Opposition,
impediment, obstruction, obstacle, hinderance,S pratishh, s.f. Standing still,
stoppage; siege, blockade.
resting, remaining in; resting-place, site,
foundation; fixity, constitution, strength; a high
S prati-rodhak, = S or honourable position, dignity, rank, high
prati-rodh, adj. & s.m. Opposing, authority; celebrity, fame, notoriety;
obstructing, hindering, stopping; besieging; installation, inauguration; the consecration of a
opponent; obstacle; robber, thief. temple, or a monument or image, in honour of a
deity; the setting up of an idol; the endowment
of a temple; portioning a daughter; the
S prati-rodh, = S performance of rights or ceremonies for the
prati-rodhak, adj. & s.m. Opposing, completion of a vow; accomplishment,
obstructing, hindering, stopping; besieging; completion; a metre of four lines of four
opponent; obstacle; robber, thief. syllables each; a variety of the Gyatr metre
(consisting of three lines of eight, seven, and six
syllables respectively):pratishh karn, v.t.
To instal, inaugurate; to set up (an idol); to

518
consecrate (a temple), &c.:pratishh-vastra,
s.m. A robe of honour.
S pratishhn, s.m. Firm
standing; standing place, ground, foundation,
base; foot, leg; site, situation;name of a town
at the confluence of the Ganges and Jamna (on
the left bank of the Ganges, opposite to
Allahabad), the capital of the early kings of the
lunar dynasty; name of a town on the Godvar,
the capital of Slivhan.
S prati-krak, adj. & s.m.
Administering retribution, retaliation, &c.;a
retaliator, &c.; an amanuensis.
S prati-kmin, s.f. A
female rival.
S prati-karma, s.m. Retaliation,
&c. (see next); dress, decoration, toilet,
personal embellishment.

S pratishhit, part. adj. & s.m. H prati-karm (the

Set up, erected; established, nxed, placed, preceding+), s.m. Requital, retaliation;
situated; established in life, married; portioned, redress, remedy; counteraction,
endowed; consecrated, inaugurated, installed; counterworking; opposing, opposition (=prati-
completed, finished, effected; experienced, kr).
conversant with; famous, celebrated, renowned,
illustrious,a celebrated or famous person, &c.
S prati-kriy, s.f.=pratikr;
prati-karm, q.v.
S prati-shiddha, part.
Prohibited, forbidden; refused, denied,
H prataksh, partaksh,
disallowed; contradicted.
adj.=pratyaksh, q.v.
S prati-rut, part. & s.m.
H prati-ksha [S. + ],
Promised, assented, agreed, accepted,
granted;a promise, assent; an engagement; an adv. At every moment, every moment, every
echo. instant, momentarily; constantly, continually.

S prati-rot, s.m. One who S prati-kl, adj. & postpn.

promises or assents, promiser.
S prati-ank, s.f. Fear or
anxiety (on account of); constant fear or doubt.
Contrary, adverse, opposed, opposite, hostile
(to); cross-grained, cross, inverted, reverse,
perverse, refractory, ungracious, disagreeable;
unworthy;the opposite or contrary (of, -ke),
the reverse (of).

S pratiy, s.f. = S S prati-klat, s.f. = S

prati-yya, s.m. A cold, catarrh. prati-klatva, s.m.
Adverseness, opposition, hostility;
S prati-yya, s.m. = S perverseness, contumacy.
pratiy, s.f. A cold, catarrh.
S prati-klatva, s.m. = S
S prati-shedh, s.m. Keeping or prati-klat, s.f.
warding off, keeping back (of a disease, &c.); Adverseness, opposition, hostility;
forbidding, prohibition; denial, refusal; perverseness, contumacy.
negation, contradiction; rejection; exception.
S prati-garjan, s.m. = S
S prati-kr, s.m. Rendering prati-garjan, s.f. Roaring
back, requital, return, reward, retaliation, against; answering roar; reverberating, echoing.
retribution, revenge; counteraction, application
of an antidote or remedy, obviating, preventing,
S prati-garjan, s.f. = S
prevention, remedy.
prati-garjan, s.m. Roaring
against; answering roar; reverberating, echoing.

519
S prati-grah, s.m. Receiving, partal o osh-dn, s.m. Shoulder-belt and
accepting, acceptance, receiving a donation; cartouche; accoutrements.
one who receives, receiver; a gift, present; a S prati-lambh, s.m. Receiving,
proper donation or fit present to a Brhman at taking, obtaining, getting; censure, reviling,
suitable periods; the right of accepting gifts (as abuse.
the peculiar prerogative of Brhmans); friendly S prati-lom, adj. & s.m. 'Against
reception; the reserve of an army; a spitting-pot,
the hair,' contrary to the natural course or order,
spittoon; the sun near the moon's node.
reverse, inverted; disagreeable, unpleasant; low,
vile, base, depraved; left (not right);a base-
S prati-graht, s.m. One born person; any disagreeable or injurious
who receives or accepts, receiver, accepter. act:prati-loma-ja, prati-lomaj, s.m. A person
born from the adverse mixture of different
S prati-ght, s.m. Warding off castes (as of a Kshatriya father
a blow, keeping back, repulse; hindrance, and Brhman mother, or of a Vaiya father and
opposition, resistance; preventing, prohibiting; a Kshatriya or Brhman mother, in which case
reaction; rebound; a return blow. the wife is of a higher caste than the husband).
P partala, s.m. Belt, &c.=partal, q.v.
S prati-ghtak, adj. & S para-tam, adj. See s.v. para.
s.m.=prati-ght, q.v. H pirtam = pratham, and prithiv,
qq.v.
S prati-ghtan, s.m. Warding S prati-m,
off, repulsing; killing, slaughter. vulg. partam, pirtam, pi
rtim, s.f. Image, likeness, resemblance,
S prati-ght, adj. & s.m. picture, figure, statue, idol; the part of an
Keeping off, repelling, repulsing; troubling, elephant's head between the tusks; a metre
encroaching, injuring; hostile, opposed to;a consisting of twelve syllables.
foe, &c. H prati-ms [S. + ],
adv. Every month, monthly, from month to
S prati-gy (S. prati-jn), s.f. month, month by month.
Admission, acknowledgement; assent; solemn S prati-msik, adj. Of or
declaration, agreement, engagement, promise,
pertaining to every month, monthly.
vow; statement, assertion, affirmation,
declaration, allegation; (in logic) a proposition, H partamlan, s.m. corr.
the assertion to be proved, the first of the five of prati-plan, q.v.
members of a complete syllogism (according to S prati-mn, s.m. Counterpart,
the Nyya system); (in law) a plaint, complaint,
match; model, pattern; image, picture, &c.
indictment:pratigy-bodhak, adj. Making
(=prati-m, q.v.).
known the pratigy, q.v.:pratigy-patra,
pratigy-patrak, s.m. A promissory note, written S prati-mrti, s.f.
contract, bond. Corresponding form, the counterpart of any real
form, image, resemblance, likeness.
S prati-gyt (prati-jnt), part. S prati-mshik, s.f. A
Asserted, propounded, declared, stated, species of rat.
proposed, deposed, alleged; admitted, S pritn, s.f. An army; division of an
acknowledged; promised, agreed; agreeable, army consisting of two hundred and forty-three
desirable. elephants, the same number of chariots, seven
S pra-tal, s.m. The open hand with hundred and twenty-nine horses, and twelve
the fingers extended;one of the divisions of hundred and fifteen foot:pritn-n, s.m. The
the lower regions. commander of an army.
H partal (cf. next), s.f. The baggage S prati-nd, s.m. Echo, resonance,
of a horseman carried all on one bullock or reverberation (=prati-dhvani).
pony:partal-k a, s.m. A pack-horse, a S prati-nidhi, s.m. Substitute,
bat-horse. representative, proxy, deputy, vicegerent; a
H partal [S. ? P. partala], surety; a resemblance of a real form, image,
s.m. Sword-belt, shoulder-belt; belt, strap: likeness, statue, picture:pratinidhi-karma,

520
s.m. The work of a substitute, &c.; embassy: H prati-varsh [S. + ],
prati-nidhi-karn, v.n. To act as a substitute,
adv. Every year, each year, year by year, yearly.
&c.; to take security.
S pari-tosh, s.m. Complete
S prati-nidhit, s.f. =
satisfaction, gratification, contentment,
S prati-nidhitva, s.m. The contentedness, satiety, pleasure, delight, glee;
status or the condition of a substitute, &c.; paritosh-vn, paritosh-vat,paritosh-vant, adj.
lieutenancy, ambassadorship. Satisfied, contented, glad.
S prati-nidhitva, s.m. = S prati-vish, s.f. lit.
S prati-nidhit, s.f. The 'Counteracting poison'; a birch tree, Atis betula.
status or the condition of a substitute, &c.; S pari-toshak, adj. Satisfying,
lieutenancy, ambassadorship. gratifying, pleasure-giving.
H prati-ni [S. + ], adv. S pari-tosha, s.m. Satisfying,
Night by night, night after night, every night, gratifying; who or what satisfies or makes
nightly, by night. content;satisfaction, &c.=paritosh, q.v.
H partag, parting, H pari-toshn, v.t. To satisfy,
s.f.=pratijn, pratigy, q.v. to afford satisfaction or pleasure.
P partau, partav (when followed by ifat) S pari-tosh, adj. & s.m.
[S. ], s.m. Light, ray, beam, sunbeam, Completely satisfied, contented;a contented
moonbeam, splendour; reflection; person.
enlightenment. S pari-toshayit, =
S prati-v, s.m. Answer, reply, S pari-toshayitri, s.m. Who
rejoinder; an echo. or what gratifies, one who satisfies completely,
S prati-vd, s.m. Answer, reply, satisfier; who or what pleases or makes very
rejoinder; altercation, quarrel. glad.
S prati-vdit, s.f. The state S pari-toshayitri, =
or situation of a respondent or defendant at law. S pari-toshayit, s.m. Who
H prati-vdh, adj. & or what gratifies, one who satisfies completely,
s.m.=prati-bdh, q.v. satisfier; who or what pleases or makes very
S prati-vd, adj. & s.m. glad.
Answering, replying, rejoining, responding; S prati-vimb, s.m. Reflection,
contradicting; disobedient, contending against, &c. v. prati-bimb.
refractory; calumniating, slandering;an S prati-vimbit, part.
opponent (in controversy, &c.); defendant, Reflected (as an image).
respondent.
S pra-t, s.f. A kind of nervous
H prati-vs, s.m.=prati-bs, q.v.
disease (in which pain is felt to extend itself
S prati-vs, adj. & s.m. from the rectum and organs of generation
See prati-bs. towards the bowels).
S prati-vkya, s.m. = S pari-ta, adv.=pari-tas, q.v.
S prati-vi, s.f. = S prithu, adj. & s.m. Broad, wide,
S prati-vaan, s.m. =prati- expansive, large, extensive, spacious;name of
the fifth monarch of the solar dynasty (in the
v q.v.
second age); name of an ancient king, the son of
S prati-vi, s.f. = Ven, rj of Bettr (who was married to a form
S prati-vkya, s.m. = of the goddess Lakshm, and taught men to
cultivate the earth, &c.);s.f. A pungent
S prati-vaan, s.m. =prati- seed,Nigella Indica; a medicinal substance
v q.v. (commonly called hingu-pattr); opium:
S prati-vaan, s.m. = prithu-rj, s.m.=prithu:prith-
dar (prithu+udara), adj. Big-bellied, stout,
S prati-vkya, s.m. =
corpulent;s.m. A ram
S prati-vi, s.f. =prati-v q.v. S prath, s.f. Fame, celebrity,
notoriety; immemorial custom.

521
S prati-hr, s.m. A door, gate; S prithakt, s.f. = S
door-keeper, porter, warder, chamberlain; prithaktva, s.m. Separateness,
juggling, trick, disguise; a juggler.
separation, diversity, severalty; singleness,
S prati-hrat, s.f. = individuality.
S prati-hratva, s.m. The
office of door-keeper or chamberlain. S prithaktva, s.m. = S
S prati-hratva, s.m. = prithakt, s.f. Separateness, separation,
S prati-hrat, s.f. The office diversity, severalty; singleness, individuality.
of door-keeper or chamberlain.
S pratham, vulg. pirtham, adj. &
S prati-hs, s.m. Fragrant
adv. (f. -), Foremost, first, initial, the first in a
oleander, Nerium odorum.
series; earliest, most ancient, primary, original;
S prati-hat, part. Struck back, preceding, previous, prior, earlier, former;
beaten back, repulsed, repelled; opposed, chief, principal, most excellent, incomparable;
obstructed; averted; fallen, overthrown; (in Arith.) a first product;in the first place,
disappointed. firstly:pratham-purush, s.m. The first (=in
S prati-hati, s.f. Repulse; recoil, European grammars, the third) person of the
rebound; disappointment. verb; a termination of the first (or, according to
European grammars, third) person:prathama-
S prathit, part. Made known, bas, adv. First, at first, firstly, in the first place;
published, openly announced, declared; previously:pratham-shas, s.m. The first or
disclosed, shown, manifested; famed, famous, lowest degree of punishment or fine; a capital
celebrated, renowned, notorious. crime:pratham-krak, s.m. The nominative
S prathiti, s.f. Celebrity, renown. case:pratham-gati, s.f. The first and best of
courses or practices; donation, gift, &c. (=dn,
S prithut, s.f. =
q.v.)
S prithutva, s.m. Breadth, width,
largeness, greatness.
S prithutva, s.m. = H pratham [fr. S. ], s.m.
Greatness, width, breadth.
S prithut, s.f. Breadth, width,
largeness, greatness.
H pratham, pritham,
S prithak (the final k changing for
pirtham, s.f.=prithiv, q.v.
euphony to g in comp. before certain letters),
and vulg. prathak, adj., adv. & conj. S prati-his, s.f. Retaliation,
Separate, single, several; separately, singly, revenge.
severally, distinctly; apart from, besides, with
exception of, except, without:prithag-tm,
s.m. Individualized spirit, the spirit of an S prati-hisit, part. Injured
individual as detached from universal spirit or in return or by way of revenge.
the soul of the universe:prithak-prithak, adv.
One by one, separately, with regular S prithdar (+), adj. See
intervals:prithak-par, s.f. 'Diverse-leaved'; s.v. prithu.
a species of plant, Hemionitis cordifolia:
prithk-tva, s.f. 'Diverse-barked'; a species of S prithiv, prithv (f. of
aloe, Sanseviera zeylanica (com.
called Mrv):prithak-kara, s.m. Making prithu), s.f. The wide world, the earth, Earth
separate, separating, distinguishing, setting personified (as the mother of all beings); earth,
apart:prithak-krita, part. Separated, severed, land, ground, soil; a kind of metre in Sanskrit
sundered, cut off; made distinct:prithag-gun, prosody:prithiv-bhuj, s.m. lit. 'Earth-
adj. Having distinct properties:prithag-vidh, enjoying,' a prince, sovereign:prithv-bhar,
adj. Of different kinds, various, diversified, s.m. A species of the atyasti metre:prithv-
multiform. pl, prithv-plak, s.m. 'Guardian of the earth,'
king, sovereign, ruler:prithiv-pati, s.m. 'Lord
S prathuk, prithuk, s.m. The
of the earth,' prince, king, sovereign:prithiv-
young of any animal. tal, s.m. Surface of the earth, ground, bare
ground, the very earth:prithiv-kshit, s.m.

522
'Reigning over the earth,' prince, king,
sovereign:prithiv-lok, s.m. The earth S pari-tyg, adj. Abandoning,
considered as a world, the terrestrial world: quitting, forsaking, deserting, repudiating,
prithv-manal, s.m. The circuit or whole relinquishing, resigning, renouncing.
surface of the earth:prithv-nth, s.m. 'Lord of
the earth'=prithiv-pati, q.v.
H pratyn [fr. S. ], v.t. To
confide in, to trust.
H prith, pirath, pirth, s.f.=prithiv,
q.v.
S praty-vritti, s.f. Coming
back, return.
H part, s.f.=pat, q.v.
S praty-hr, s.m. Drawing
H prat, s.f. Statement, form (of
back (troops), retreat; withholding, taking back;
accounts, &c.). withdrawing the senses from external objects,
restraint of the organs of sense, abstractior;
S praty-dish, part. compendium, abridgement; (in Gram.) the
Prescribed, recommended; informed, apprised; comprehension of a series of letters or affixes
declared; warned, cautioned; rejected, repulsed; into one syllable effected by combining the first
removed, set aside. member of the series without its indicatory
letter or letters with the indicatory final
consonant of the last member; a group or class
S praty-de, s.m. Order,
of letters so combined (for the concise
command; information, informing, apprising, expression of grammatical rules; thus the
annunciation, declaration; warning, caution, pratyhr a is the technical term for all the
supernatural warning; rejection, disallowance, vowels, and the pratyhr hal is the term for all
refusal, denial, repudiation, prevention; the consonants).
rendering obscure, obscuring, eclipsing.
S praty-abhiyog, s.m.
H praty-s, s.f.=praty-, q.v.
Counter plaint or charge, counter accusation, an
accusation brought against the accuser or
S praty-satti, s.f. Immediate plaintiff, recrimination.
proximity (in space, time, &c.); close contact,
juxta-position; analogy. S pratp, adj. Against the grain,
opposite, adverse, contrary, opposed,
S praty-, s.f. Confidence, contradictory, reverse; inverted, out of order,
reliance, trust, hope, expectation, desire. disordered; resisting, perverse, refractory,
disobedient, cross, obstinate.
S praty-, adj. & s.m. Hoping,
expecting, trusting, relying upon;an expectant S praty-upakr, vulg. prati-
(=umedwr). upakr, s.m. Requital of aid or assistance,
mutual assistance; returning a service or favour,
S pari-tyg, s.m. return of a kindness, gratitude.
Abandonment, desertion, repudiation, divorce,
rejection; renunciation, sacrifice, abdication; S praty-upakrak, = S
neglect, omission; loss, privation:pari-tyg praty-upakr, adj. & s.m.
karn, v.t. To renounce, &c. Requiting a favour, returning a kindness,
grateful;a grateful person.
S praty-gat, Come back,
come again, returned; arrived at. S praty-upakr, = S
praty-upakrak, adj. &
S praty-gaman, s.m.
s.m. Requiting a favour, returning a kindness,
Coming back, coming again, return. grateful;a grateful person.

S pari-tygan, s.m. S pratt, vulg. partt, part. Gone

Abandoning, deserting, &c. (=pari-tyg, q.v.). away; gone by, past; acknowledged, proved;

523
believed, trusted; experienced, known, well- S praty-arth, adj. & s.m.
known, famous, celebrated, renowned; trusting,
Hostile, inimical; opposing;an enemy,
believing; satisfied, glad, pleased, delighted:
opponent, adversary, rival; (in law) a defendant.
prattrth (ta+ar), adj. Having a recognized or
acknowledged meaning.
S praty-ush, = S
S pratti, pratt, partt, s.f. Clear praty-ushas, s.m. Morning twilight, day-break,
morning, dawn.
apprehension or insight (into), clear notion (of),
distinct conception; complete understanding or
ascertainment, knowledge, experience; S praty-ushas, = S
conviction; faith, belief; trust, credit; fame, praty-ush, s.m. Morning twilight, day-break,
notoriety:pratt (or partt) karn (-k), To morning, dawn.
form a distinct conception (of), to examine; to
believe; to trust (in), rely (on), put faith (in), S praty-aman, s.m. Red
&c. chalk.

S praty-utpanna, adj. & s.m. S pratk, adj. & s.m. Adverse,

Present; ready, prompt; reproduced, contrary; inverted, reversed, inverse, contrary to
regenerated; (in Arith.) produced by the natural order or condition;part, portion;
multiplication, multiplied;multiplication; the limb, member.
product of a sum in multiplication.
S pratyak, adj. (f. prat). Turned
S praty-uttar, vulg. prati-uttar,
(towards), directed (towards), proceeding (to);
s.m. A reply to an answer, answer, rejoinder, being behind, coming from behind; subsequent,
retort. following (in time or place); western, westerly,
west; uniform (=pratya):pratyak-par,
S praty-utthn, s.m. Rising pratyak-pushp, s.f. A species of plant,
from a seat as a mark of respect, rising to Achyranthes aspera:pratyak-re, s.f. Name
welcome a visitor, respectful reception. of various plants, Anthericum Tuberosum;
Croton polyandrum, or C. Tiglium; Salvinia
H partt, s.f.=pratti, q.v. cucullata (com. called dant).

H praty-a, adj.=praty-a, q.v. S prat-kr, s.m.=prati-kr, q.v.

H praty-ah, adj.=praty-aksh, S pari-tyakt, part. Left, quitted,

q.v. deserted, abandoned; bereft (of), deprived (of),
void (of).
S prat, s.f. The west quarter,
S praty-ukt, part. Said in return.
the west.
replied, answered.
S pratn, = S S praty-ukti, s.f. Reply, answer,
pratya, adj. Situated towards the west, rejoinder.
western, west.
S praty-aksh, adj., s.m. & adv.
S pratya, = S Perceptible to the eye, in sight, perceptible,
pratn, adj. Situated towards the west, visible, sensible, cognizable by any of the
western, west. organs of sense; clear, distinct, evident,
manifest, apparent, tangible, undoubted,
express, explicit, actual, real;presence;
S praty-ud-gaman, s.m. perceptibility, distinctness; observation,
Going forth towards, going out to meet (a guest, inspection;in the sight (of), in the presence
&c.); rising as a mark of respect (=praty- (of); with direct personal knowledge, distinctly,
utthn). clearly :pratyaksh-pram, s.m. Ocular or
visible proof, the evidence of the senses; an
S pra-tr, s.m. A shore, bank. organ or faculty of perception:pratyaksh-
daran, s.m. Seeing with one's own eyes; an

524
eye-witness:pratyaksh-krak, adj. Rendering S prat-vp, s.m. Inserting (as
manifest, &c.:pratyaksh karn, v.t. To make
an ingredient); adding (to, esp. in mixing
evident, clear, &c.
medicines), throwing (into); calcining or
fluxing metals; an epidemic disease, pestilence,
S pratksh, s.f. Looking to, plague.
looking at, regard, consideration, attention,
respect; looking for, waiting for, expectation, S praty-avya, s.m. Decrease,
hope:pratksh karn (-k), To look for,
diminution, privation, detriment, harm; reverse,
await, expect, &c.
opposite course, contrary course or proceeding,
contrariety; offence, sin; disappearance (of
S pratkshak, adj.=pratksh, anything that exists); non-production (of what
q.v. does not exist).

S pratksha, s.m. Looking to, S praty-avy, adj.

looking at, observing, considering, referring to; Detrimental, attended with loss; suffering.
respecting, respect or regard (for); expecting,
waiting (for). S prati-yodh, s.m.
Antagonist, adversary, opponent.
S pratksh, adj. Looking (at);
looking forward (to); looking out (for), waiting S praty-sh, s.m.=pratyush, q.v.
(for), expecting, awaiting.
S prati-yog, s.m. Opposition,
S praty-aksh, adj. & s.m.
resistance, enmity, repulsion; controversy,
Seeing or perceiving with one's own eyes,
contradiction; co-operation, association.
perceiving by the senses;one who has the
exercise of his senses;an eye-witness;s.f.
Consciousness of what is perceptible, &c.: S prati-yogit, s.f. = S
praty-aksh-krit, part. Made present or visible, prati-yogitva, s.m.
manifested, displayed. Opposition; existence as a counterpart, equality
in power; mutual co-operation, partnership.
S praty-ant, adj. & s.m.
Bordering (on); adjacent or contiguous (to), S prati-yogitva, s.m. = S
skirting;border, frontier; a bordering country,
prati-yogit, s.f.
i.e. a country occupied by barbarians, the
country of the Mlehas or savages. Opposition; existence as a counterpart, equality
in power; mutual co-operation, partnership.
S praty-a, adj.=pratyak, q.v.
S prati-yog, adj. & s.m.
Opposing, counteracting, impeding;
S praty-a, s.f. lit. 'That which
cooperating (with); corresponding or answering
comes behind,' (the bow), bow-string. (to); equally matched;opponent, enemy,
antagonist, rival; a partner, associate, coadjutor;
S praty-ag, s.m. & adv. A minor a counterpart, match.
or secondary member of the body (as the
forehead, nose, chin, ears, &c.), an organ of S praty-ha, s.m. Obstacle,
perception, a limb of the body; a division, impediment, hindrance.
section, part, subdivision (of a science, &c.);
on every limb, on the limbs severally; limb by
S praty-aham, = S
limb.
praty-aha, adv. Day by day, every day, daily; in
S praty-an-antar, adj. & s.m. & adv. the morning.
Closely connected (with), immediately
following, next, standing nearest (as an heir): S praty-aha, = S
the nearest or next heir;immediately after; praty-aham, adv. Day by day, every day, daily;
next in succession. in the morning.

525
S praty-ek, pronom. adj. & adv. being; a subject, dependent, tenant, renter;
people, subjects:praj-plak, s.m. 'Protector
Each, every, each one, each single one, every
one;one by one, one at a time, singly, of created beings,' an epithet of Krisha;
severally. protector of subjects, a king, sovereign:praj-
plan, s.m. The protection of subjects or
dependants:praj-pati, s.m. 'Lord of
S praty-ekat, s.f. = S creatures,' an epithet of the deity, Brahm; an
praty-ekatva, s.m. Respectiveness, epithet of a number of other divine
&c. personages;`lord of the people,' a king,
sovereign, prince; a daughter's husband, son-in-
law; creator, procreator, father:praj-poshan,
S praty-ekatva, s.m. = S
s.m. The cherishing of subjects:praj-dharm,
praty-ekat, s.f. s.m. The duty of children or of subjects; filial
Respectiveness, &c. obedience; loyalty:prajan (praj+an),
s.m. The food of subjects;adj. & s.m. Eating
up his subjects;one who devours his subjects,
S prat-hr, s.m.=prati-hr, q.v.
a cruel and oppressive ruler, tyrant:praj-
ghna, adj. Killing offspring, destroying progeny
S praty-ay, vulg. pratyai, (=praj-han):parj-log, s.m. Subjects,
pratya, s.m. Belief, firm conviction, trust, faith, dependants, people, peasantry, ryots:praj-
reliance, assurance, confidence; certainty, vat, s.f. A brother's wife; the wife of an elder
ascertainment, proof, truth; knowledge, brother; a mother, matron:praj-hit, adj. &
experience; apprehension, understanding, s.m. Favourable to, or good for, children or
intellect; decisive sentence; oath; ordeal; subjects; kind or useful to children or
instrument, means of agency; celebrity, fame; subjects;one who is kind to his dependants,
(in Gram.) an affix to roots and words forming &c.:praj-han, adj. Destroying offspring;
derivatives and inflections; (in the tenets of slaying one's subjects:praje (praj+a), s.m.
Buddhists) a concurrent occasion of an event as 'Lord of created beings,' an epithet of the god
distinguished from its proximate cause. presiding over the procreation of offspring;
'lord of the people,' a prince, king, sovereign.
S praty-ayit, part. Confided
(in), relied (upon), trusted, trusty, confidential. S par-jti, s.f. See s.v. para, par.

S praty-ay, adj. & s.m. Having S pra-jt, s.f. A woman who has
faith (in), trusting, believing, relying (upon); borne a child.
deserving trust or confidence; a trustworthy
person; a believer. H prajrn [S. +],
v.t. To burn, &c.=jaln, q.v.
S pratya-mn, adj. Being
trusted or believed, admitted. S pra-jgar, s.m. One who
wakes; a watcher, guardian; the act of waking,
S pura, s.m. Gold. or watching, or guarding.

H praag, corr. of praga, q.v. S prajyin, s.f. A mother.

H parahnau, v.t. (Old H.), To H parj`e [S. ], s.f. Order,

offer, present, consecrate (cf. pratishh). method; custom, manner; place, room.

H paraj, parj [S. +], s.f. Hilt (of S para-jit, part. See s.v. para.
a sword); handle (of a shield);name of a
rgin or musical mode:paraj-dr, adj. Hilted; H parjatan, = H
basket-hilted (a scimitar).
parjaan, [S. ], s.m. Wandering about,
roaming, travelling.
S praj, vulg. parj, s.f.
Progeny, offspring, brood, children, posterity,
descendants, race, family; creature, created

526
H parjaan, = H H parjyant, s.m.=paryant, q.v.
parjatan, [S. ], s.m. Wandering about,
roaming, travelling. H parjyank, s.m.=parjank,
paryank, q.v.
S pari-jan, vulg. par-jan,
s.m. Surrounding company of people, H parjyavasn,
attendants, servants, followers, retinue, train, s.m.=paryavasn, q.v.
suite; dependents, family, household.
S pra-jvan, s.m. Livelihood,
S pra-ja, adj. (f. -), Wise, subsistence.
intelligent, learned, knowing.
H piri, s.m. A saucer.
S praj, s.f. A clever or sensible
woman; intelligence, understanding, intellect, H par [S. ], s.m.
wisdom, knowledge; discernment,
Examination, experiment, test, trial, proof,
discrimination, judgment.
demonstration:par den (-ko), To give a
proof, &c.:par len (-k), To make trial
H par-jant, prajant, s.m.=paryant, (of), to test, examine.
q.v.
S prar, vulg. parr, s.m.
H parjak [S. ], s.m. A Coming or going forth; appearing; being in
bedstead (=palang). actual use, currency; diffusion, spread,
promulgation; appearance, manifestation,
S parjan, s.f. The plant Cucumis publication, disclosure, publicity, notoriety;
conduct, behaviour; prevalence, currency,
aromatica, or C. xanthorrhiza.
custom, usage; pasture-ground, pasturage;
attendance on cattle while grazing:prar-
S parjanya, s.m. A rain-cloud, kartt, s.m. A promulgator, proclaimer,
thunder-cloud; rain; the god of rain. herald:prar karn (-k), To publish, make
current, diffuse, spread; to divulge, vent, let out,
S pra-jvr, s.m. The heat of &c.
fever.
H par-jot, = H S prarit, part. Made known,
made public, made manifest, divulged,
parjawa, [S. ], s.m. Ground rent levied proclaimed; diffused, spread; allowed to wander
on houses; quit-rent, tax. or roam about; grazed; betrayed, deceived,
cheated; penetrating.
H parjawa, = H
par-jot, [S. ], s.m. Ground rent levied S prarak, adj. & s.m. Making
on houses; quit-rent, tax. public, divulging, proclaiming, &c.;
attending, grazing cattle;promulgator,
proclaimer, herald (=prar-kartt).
S pra-jvalit, part. Flaming,
burning, blazing; shining, bright, radiant.
S pari-rak, s.m. Servant,
attendant, guard.
S pra-jvalan, s.m. Blazing up,
flaming, burning, taking fire, kindling.
H prarn, v.t.=prar karn,
q.v.s.v. prar.
H parjyya, s.m.=par-j`e,
paryy, q.v.
S pari-r, adj. & s.m.
Attending on, serving, paying homage to;
H parjyaan, s.m.=parjaan,
servant, &c.=pari-rak, q.v.
paryaan, q.v.

527
H parn [S. +, caus. S pra-alit, part. adj. Current,
of ; or caus. of paran], v.t. To make (one) customary, in vogue, circulating; prevailing,
recognized, received (as authority or law).
acquainted (with), to introduce; to engage (one)
in conversation; to make familiar, to tame,
domesticate; to treat with familiarity, be S pra-alan, s.m. Moving to and
intimate with; to practise upon, work upon, fro; circulating, being current or customary;
fascinate, charm. activity.

H parn, v.t. To kindle (a fire), P param, s.m. The fringed bunch or tassel
of a spear or lance, or of a pair of colours.
to light (a pipe, &c.=parahn, q.v.).

H paran [S. +, rt.

S pari-it, part. Known,
acquainted (with), familiar (with). ], v.n. To be made acquainted (with), be
introduced (to), to become acquainted (with); to
S prait, s.m. A species of Sanskrit be conversant or familiar (with); to become
intimate or familiar; to be tamed or
metre.
domesticated; to be accustomed (to), be
habituated (to).
S praur, adj. Much, many,
abundant, enough (=bahut); abounding in, filled S pra-an, adj. & s.m.
with, replete with; frequent.
Excessively violent, vehement, impetuous,
passionate, furious, fierce, enraged, wrathful,
S praarit, part. Pursued, terrible, terrific; very hot or burning;
practised (as a profession or art). intolerable, insupportable; bold, confident,
presuming;a violent person, &c.;a species
S praurat, s.f. = S of oleander with white flowers; name of a
Dnava:praan-mrti, s.m. 'Oleander-
prauratva, s.m. An abounding;
formed,' a species of tree, Tapia cratva.
abundance, plenty.
S praanat, s.f. = S
S prauratva, s.m. = S
praanatva, s.m. Violence,
praurat, s.f. An abounding;
vehemence; wrathfulness, fierceness; boldness.
abundance, plenty.
S praanatva, s.m. = S
H pari-arj, = H
praanat, s.f. Violence, vehemence;
pari-arjy, s.f.=the next, q.v.
wrathfulness, fierceness; boldness.

H pari-arjy, = H H parau, s.m.=par, q.v.

pari-arj, s.f.=the next, q.v.
S pra-odit, part. Impelled;
S pari-ary, s.f. Attendance, incited; prescribed, commanded, directed; sent.
service, dependence; devotion, veneration,
adoration, worship. S pra-odan, s.m. Instigating,
inciting; directing, enjoining, prescribing,
H purak [S. ++], s.f. ordering; an order; a rule, law; saying; sending.
Coaxing, flattery, wheedling, trick, deceit.
S pra-odin, s.f. Prickly
H purak, s.f. Sign, indication, night-shade, Solanum jacquini.
hint; countenance, encouragement, support,
side:purak len (-k), To take the side (of), H parn [S. +] , s.m. Meal,
to support, back. flour, grocery.

528
H parn [the preceding + ], H parhh, s.f. = H
s.f.=parn, q.v.; the act of selling flour, meal, parh, s.f. = H
&c.
parhw, m. = H parh`,
H praniy [S. + ], s.f. = H parhw, s.m. = H
One who sells flour, meal, pulse, &c.; a grocer. parhh, s.f. = H

P para, s.m.=pra, q.v.; a slip of paper; a parh`, s.f. [S. ; ],

newspaper.
H parh, s.m. A large reel or
spindle (for winding thread on); a large
cauldron; self-sown 'paddy' or rice.
H parh, part. Cleared up (as the
sky after rain=pharh: see pharhn).
Reflection, image, shadow, shade; influence (of
an evil spirit:Other forms are parhw,
parhw, parh`, parh`):
parhw pan (-par), Shadow or influence
(of an evil spirit) to fall (upon); to take (after),
resemble:parh` apn-se bhgn, To fly
from, or be frightened at, one's own shadow.
H parh`, s.f. = H

H parih, s.f.=parh, parh, s.f. = H

parksh, q.v. parhw, m. = H
parhh, s.f. = H
S prih, s.f. Asking, questioning;
parhw, s.m. = H
question, inquiry.
parhh, s.f. = H parh`,
H parh, s.f. = H s.f. [S. ; ], Reflection, image,
parhw, m. = H shadow, shade; influence (of an evil spirit:
Other forms are parhw, parhw,
parhh, s.f. = H parh`, parh`, parh`):parhw pan (-
s.f. = H parhw, s.m. = H par), Shadow or influence (of an evil spirit) to
fall (upon); to take (after), resemble:
parhh, s.f. = H
parh` apn-se bhgn, To fly from, or be
parh`, s.f. [S. ; ], frightened at, one's own shadow.
Reflection, image, shadow, shade; influence (of
an evil spirit:Other forms are parhw, H parhw, s.m. = H
parhw, parh`, parh`):
parh, s.f. = H
parhw pan (-par), Shadow or influence
(of an evil spirit) to fall (upon); to take (after), parhw, m. = H
resemble:parh` apn-se bhgn, To fly parhh, s.f. = H parh`,
from, or be frightened at, one's own shadow.
s.f. = H parhh, s.f. = H
H parhw, m. = H parh`, s.f. [S. ;
parh, s.f. = H ], Reflection, image, shadow, shade;
parhh, s.f. = H parh`, influence (of an evil spirit:Other forms are
parhw, parhw, parh`, parh`):
s.f. = H parhw, s.m. = H parhw pan (-par), Shadow or influence
parhh, s.f. = H (of an evil spirit) to fall (upon); to take (after),
resemble:parh` apn-se bhgn, To fly
parh`, s.f. [S. ; ],
from, or be frightened at, one's own shadow.
Reflection, image, shadow, shade; influence (of
an evil spirit:Other forms are parhw, H parhh, s.f. = H
parhw, parh`, parh`):
parhw pan (-par), Shadow or influence parh, s.f. = H
(of an evil spirit) to fall (upon); to take (after), parhw, m. = H
resemble:parh` apn-se bhgn, To fly
from, or be frightened at, one's own shadow. parhh, s.f. = H parh`,
s.f. = H parhw, s.m. = H

529
 parh`, s.f. [S. ;
S pari-hanna, vulg.
], Reflection, image, shadow, shade;
pari-han, part. Invested, enveloped, covered,
influence (of an evil spirit:Other forms are
clothed; surrounded (with), encompassed,
parhw, parhw, parh`, parh`):
attended.
parhw pan (-par), Shadow or influence
(of an evil spirit) to fall (upon); to take (after),
resemble:parh` apn-se bhgn, To fly S pari-hinna, part. Cut off,
from, or be frightened at, one's own shadow. divided, detached, singled out, defined;
polished, clean, clear; excellent, good.
H parh`, s.f. = H
S priha, s.m. Asking,
parh, s.f. = H
inquiring, questioning, investigating.
parhw, m. = H S pra-hanna, part. adj. & s.m.
parhh, s.f. = H parh`, Covered, enveloped; concealed, secret, hidden;
s.f. = H parhw, s.m. = H clothed, clad; private, secret, unavowed,
disguised;a person in disguise; a private door,
parhh, s.f. [S. ; private entrance, loophole, lattice.
], Reflection, image, shadow, shade;
influence (of an evil spirit:Other forms are H parahn [S. +],
parhw, parhw, parh`, parh`): v.t. To move a lamp or candle over the heads of
parhw pan (-par), Shadow or influence a bride and bridegroom (in order to drive away
(of an evil spirit) to fall (upon); to take (after), evil spirits, propitiate good ones, &c.); to kindle
resemble:parh` apn-se bhgn, To fly (a fire), light (a pipe, &c.=parn).
from, or be frightened at, one's own shadow.
S praha, s.f. Asking,
H parihit, part.=parkshit, inquiring; addressing, inviting; question,
q.v. inquiry.

H parhatt, parhat = H parh, s.f. A double bag or sack

H parha [S. ], A for the saddle, a pair of saddle-bags; (also) a
single saddle-bag (syn. urj).
small thatch thrown over mud walls and the
roofs of houses.
S pari-hed, vulg.
H parha = H pari-hed, s.m. Division, separation,
discrimination (of false from true), accurate
parhatt, parhat [S. ], A distinction or definition; distinguishing
small thatch thrown over mud walls and the (between); determination, decision; the division
roofs of houses. of a book, section, chapter; a segment, division.

S parihad, s.m. Cover, S pari-ay, s.m. Acquaintance.

covering, clothing; surroundings, domestic familiarity, familiar intercourse, intimacy:
utensils or implements, goods and chattels; pari-ay rakhn (-se), To have or maintain
retinue, train, attendants, family, dependants; acquaintance or intimacy (with), to have
necessaries for travelling; paraphernalia, knowledge (of).
baggage.
S pra-ay, s.m. (in Alg.), The
S prahad, vulg. parhad, s.m. A common increase or difference of the terms in a
wrapper, cover, covering, a blanket. progression.

S prihak, adj. & s.m. S pra-yut, part. Fallen (from),

Inquiring; one who asks or inquires after; deviated (from), strayed.
inquirer, querist, investigator; inquisitive
person. S pra-el, s.m. Yellow sandal-
wood.
H parihan, s.m.=parksha, q.v.

530
S pari-eya, part. adj. To be
known; fit to become acquainted (with);
sociable.
'accomplishing the business');finish,
accomplishment, perfection; frame or setting
(of a picture).

S pra-dn, s.m. Giving, offering,

P parsh (cf. S. ), s.m. War,
presenting, bestowing, granting; surrendering,
battle, conflict, altercation, quarrel,
giving up; bestowing in marriage; gift,
misunderstanding; commotion, disturbance,
donation; marriage.
tumult; violence, injury, oppression; severe
inquisition.
H pardn, v.t.=parda karn, q.v.s.v. parda
(inelegant).
P pard, s.m. Fold, &c.=part, q.v.

P purd, s.m. A bridge (=pul, q.v.). S pari-dh, s.m. Burning,

combustion; mental anguish, pain, sorrow.
H pard, s.m.= parda, q.v.
H pra-dahin, pradahin,
S pra-da, adj. & s.m. Giving;giver.
pardahin, s.m. = H pra-
dahin, vulg.par-dahin, s.f. See pra-dakshi
S pra-d, s.f. A gift; also=pra-da, q.v. and pra-dakshi.

S pari-d, s.f. Giving oneself up to H pra-dahin, vulg. par-

the favour or protection of another; surrender, dahin, s.f. = H pra-dahin,
devotion.
pradahin,pardahin, s.m. See pra-dakshi and
pra-dakshi.
S pra-dt, = S pra-
dtri, s.m. One who gives or bestows, giver, S pra-dar, s.m. Splitting, rending; a
bestower, donor.
fracture, cleft; an arrow; a particular disease of
women, a flooding, mnorrhagia.
S pra-dtri, = S pra-
dt, s.m. One who gives or bestows, giver, S pra-darit, part. Foreshown,
bestower, donor.
prophesied; shown forth, shown, brought to
P pardt [v.n. of pardtan; fr. Z. light, pointed out, declared, exhibited,
fra+rt. ta = S. pra+ta], s.f. Performing, manifested.
finishing; leaving, quitting, relinquishment;
favouring, cherishing, patronizing. S pra-darak, adj. & s.m.
Foreshowing, foretelling, presaging; showing,
H par-dd, = H par- exhibiting, displaying; proclaiming,
announcing; propounding, expounding,
dd, [S. + ], s.m. Great-grandfather teaching, instructing;prophet; teacher,
(by the father's side); a forefather. expounder.

H par-dd, = H par- S pra-daran, s.m. Foreshowing

dd, [S. + ], s.m. Great-grandfather (by prophesying; pointing out, exhibiting
the father's side); a forefather. manifesting, &c.; seeing, viewing.

H par-dd, s.f. Great- H pra-daran, s.f. Offering;

grandmother (by the father's side). present of ceremony, a fee.

S para-dr, s.f. See s.v. para, par. H par-droh, adj. See s.v. para,
par.
P pardz (imperat. of pardtan; see
pardt), adj. & s.f. Performing, S pra-di, = S pra-dik,
accomplishing, finishing, completing, (used s.f. Direction, quarter, region of the sky; an
chiefly at the end of comp., e.g. kr-pardz,

531
intermediate point of the compass, or half-
quarter (as north-east, south-west, &c.). H pradokh, pardokh,
s.m.=pradosh, q.v.
S pra-dik, = S pra-di,
s.f. Direction, quarter, region of the sky; an S par-dvesh, adj. See s.v. para,
intermediate point of the compass, or half-
par.
quarter (as north-east, south-west, &c.).
P parda, s.m. A curtain, screen, cover, veil,
S pra-dakshi, s.m. = S anything which acts as a screen, a wall,
pra-dakshi, s.f. Going round (an hangings, tapestry; film, fine web, pellicle, lid
(of the eye); drum (of the ear); sail (of a ship);
object), turning the right side (towards any
the piece which covers the chest in an angarkh
object), reverential salutation by
or coat; the surface of the earth; secrecy,
circumambulation from left to right (so that the
privacy, modesty; seclusion, concealment;
right side is towards the person or object
secret, mystery, reticence, reserve; screen,
saluted; syn. pari-kram; tawf); one who is at
shelter, pretext, pretence; a musical tone or
the right hand of another; an object on the
mode; a note of the gamut; the frets of a guitar,
right;pradakshi karn (-k), To pass on the
&c.:parda uhn (-k), To lift or raise the
right (of), to turn the right side (towards).
curtain, &c.; to unveil, expose, lay open, reveal:
parda uhn or uh-jn, v.n. To be unveiled,
S pra-dakshi, s.f. = S & c.; to be revealed, be laid open, be exposed:
pra-dakshi, s.m. Going round (an parda parda, adv. Secretly, privately (=dar
object), turning the right side (towards any parda):parda pan, v.n. 'Curtain to be let
object), reverential salutation by fall,' to be concealed; to be veiled or covered
circumambulation from left to right (so that the (by, -par):parda-posh, adj. Keeping a secret;
right side is towards the person or object keeping secret or hiding (one's) misdeeds:
saluted; syn. pari-kram; tawf); one who is at parda-posh, s.f. Concealing (a blemish),
the right hand of another; an object on the conniving at (a fault or offence); keeping one's
secret; preserving confidence:parda-posh
right;pradakshi karn (-k), To pass on the
karn (-k), To connive (at), to hide or cover the
right (of), to turn the right side (towards).
misdeeds (of):parda phn (-k), To rend the
veil (from), to reveal the faults (of), to expose
S par-dukh, s.m. See s.v. para,
(=parda fsh karn):parda hon, v.n. To
par. drop the curtain or veil;to lay aside
concealment; to come into public:parda-dr,
P pardag (fr. parda), s.f. 'The state or adj. Confidential, secret; also=parda-nishn,
condition of being veiled, or being behind a q.v.:parda-dr, s.f.=parda-posh. q.v.:
parda'; a inodest, chaste woman, a woman who parda-dar, adj. & s.m. Tearing or rending the
is confined at home. veil; laying bare, exposing, divulging,
betraying; a betrayer of secrets:parda-dar,
H pradal, s.m.=pradar, q.v. s.f. The betraying of secrets, exposure;parda-
dar karn (-k), To betray the secrets (of), to
H pardamun, parduman expose:parda ln, v.n. To drop the curtain,
draw the veil:parda hkn = parda-posh
[S. ], s.m. A name of Kma or Cupid, son karn, q.v.:parda hakna or hak-jn (-k),
of Krisha and husband of Rati. One's misdeeds to be covered, to be connived
(at):parda rakhn (-se), v.n. To conceal (a
S pardan, s.m. Breaking thing from), to keep one's secret; to relate a
matter in such terms as to be understood by part
wind=pdn, q.v.
only of the hearers, to give obscure hints:
parda-sar, s.m. A pavilion (=sar-parda):
S pra-dosh, vulg. pardosh, s.m. parda-fsh, adj. & s.m.=parda-dar, q.v.;parda
Defect, fault, offence, sin, transgression, guilt; fsh karn (-k), To divulge or betray the
the first part of the night, evening twilight, two secrets (of), to expose the misdeeds (of); to lose
mahrtas after sunset. one's credit, become bankrupt:parda karn,
v.n. To conceal, hide, draw the curtain or
S par-dosh, s.m. See s.v. para, screen:parda kholn (-k) = parda fsh
par. karn:parda lagn, v.n. To sit behind the
curtain, not to appear before strange men:

532
parda-nishn, adj. & s.f. Kept, or remaining, S pradhnatva, s.m. = S
behind a curtain; modest;a woman who is
kept concealed behind a curtain:parda-wr = pradhnat, s.f. Pre-eminence,
parda-nishn, q.v.:parda hon or ho-jn, v.n. principalship, chiefship, presidentship,
To be veiled or concealed, to be made private, superiority, excellence.
to be private (e.g. yah parda hai, 'this is
private,' used when it is desired to keep men S par-dharm, = S
from entering, or passing through or by, a place par-dhan, See s.v. para, par.
where women are):parde-me zarda lagn =
parde-me sur karn, To indulge secretly in S par-dhan, = S
licentious intercourse with strange men (said of
a parda-nishn). par-dharm, See s.v. para, par.

S pari-dhi, s.f. That by which H paridhan, s.m.=par-dhan, and

anything is surrounded or enclosed, fence, paridhn, qq.v.
hedge, wall; a misty halo or circle round the sun
or moon; a circle or disk of light, a glory; the S pra-dhvas, s.m. Utter
horizon; circumference, periphery, compass; a destruction, annihilation; loss.
frame of wood laid round a sacrificial fire (to
keep it together). S pra-dhvas, adj. & s.m.
Destroying, annihilating;a destroyer.
S pra-dh, s.f. Name of one of the
daughters of Daksha. S pari-dhey, adj. & s.m. Fit or
proper to be worn, wearable;an under-
S pari-dhra, s.m. Carrying garment.
about, supporting, suffering, enduring.
S pra-dp, s.m. A light, lamp,
S pari-dhn, s.m. Wrapping lantern; splendour, brilliance.
round, putting on, dressing, clothing; that which
is put on, a garment (esp. an under garment), S pra-dpan, s.m. Kindling,
vesture, clothes.
inflaming, igniting, exciting, &c.; a sort of
mineral poison (of a red colour and caustic in
S pra-dhn, vulg. pardhn, its action).
adj. & s.m. Chief, principal, leading, main,
capital; pre-eminent, most eminent, most H par-des, s.m. See s.v. para, par.
excellent, best;a chief or principal thing,
chief object, the most important thing; primary
or original matter, the germ out of which all S pra-de, s.m. Place, spot, region;
material appearances are evolved; the natural country, district, province, foreign country;a
state of anything; matter; nature; the Supreme short span measured from the tip of the thumb
Spirit, the Supreme Deity, intellect, to that of the forefinger.
understanding; the first companion or attendant
of a king, minister, counsellor, courtier, noble; S pra-dean, s.m. Gift, present,
leader, head, chief, president; head man of a
bribe; an offering.
village:pradhn-dhtu, s.m. The chief
element or ingredient of the body, semen
virile:pradhn-mantr, s.m. Prime minister: S pra-dean, pra-
pradhn-yjak, s.m. Chief priest, high priest: dein, s.f. The index finger, the forefinger; the
pra-dhnottam (pradhna+ut), adj. Best of the corresponding toe.
eminent, eminent, illustrious.
S pra-de, adj. & s.m.=par-des,
S pradhnat, s.f. = S q.v.s.v. para, par.
pradhnatva, s.m. Pre-eminence,
principalship, chiefship, presidentship, S pra-dyumna, s.m. 'The pre-
superiority, excellence. eminently mighty-one,' an epithet of Km-dev
the god of love (see parduman).

533
S pra-deh, s.m. Plaster, a thick or
viscid ointment, unguent; applying a plaster, H purs [S. +], adj. & s.m.
unction. Of a man's height;the extent of a man's reach
with his arms and fingers extended upwards; a
S pararu, s.m. A species of pot-herb, fathom; four cubits.
Eclipta prostrata.
S prasd, vulg. parsd, s.m.
P purza, s.m. A scrap (com. of paper), Clearness, transparentness, purity; perspicuity;
piece, bit, component part (of); rag, frippery; calmness, tranquillity, repose, composure;
nap (of cloth); down (of birds):purze un or serenity of disposition, good temper;
u-den (-ke), 'To cause to fly to pieces,' to cut graciousness, propitiousness, favour, kindness,
to pieces, to hack, to make mince-meat (of): kind behaviour; a propitiary offering or gift;
purze un, v.n.To be cut or hacked to pieces, to boon, blessing; food offered to a god; the
be severely wounded:purze karn (ke) = remnants of food presented to an idol, or left by
purze un, q.v.:purze hon (-ke) = purze a spiritual teacher, or by a great personage:
un, q.v. prasd-bhog, adj. Enjoying or subsisting on
favours, &c.;a pensioner, &c.
H paras [S. ], s.m. Touch;
S pra-sdhit, part.
(also)=pras-patthar, q.v.s.v. pras.
Accomplished, finished, completed, done;
ornamented, decorated.
S parus, s.m. Knot, joint (of a cane,
or reed, &c.); junction.
S pra-sdhak, adj. & s.m.
Accomplishing, perfecting; decorating,
H purus, purs [S. ], s.m. A man;
adorning;one who accomplishes or perfects;
the stature of a man (see purush). an attendant who dresses his master.

S puras (changeable to purah, pura, S pra-sdhan, s.m.

puro, in comp.), adv. Before, in front, in
advance, in the presence of:purah-sar, adj. &
s.m. Going in advance, preceding, leading;
one who goes before, leader, forerunner,
precursor, harbinger, attendant:pura-ara,
s.m. A preparatory or introductory rite,
preparation; repetition of the name of a deity
accompanied with burnt offerings:pura-
had, s.m. A species of grass, Imperata
cylindrica (syn. ul):puras-kr, s.m. The
placing before or in front; preference; showing
respect, treating with honour, distinction,
deference; promotion, advancement;
worshipping; consecrating; an honorary gift:
puras-kr, adj. Placing a thing in front;
advancing, promoting, &c.:puras-kartt,
puras-kartri = puras-kr, q.v.:puro-janmat,
s.f. Priority of birth:puro-janma, part. adj.
Born before;puro-d, puro-das, s.m. A
sacrificial cake of ground rice (usually divided
into pieces and offered in one or more cups); an
oblation of gh or clarified butter with cakes of
ground meal; a sort of flat ladle or spoon used
for placing the cakes in the sacrificial fire.
P purs [Old P. purs-dan; Pehl. pun-itan;
Z. pare; S. prah]; part. adj. Asking, inquiring,
questioning (used at the end of comp.).
H purs, s.m.= pursa, q.v.
Accomplishing, effecting; dressing, decking,
adorning; ornament, decoration, embellishment,
dress; a comb.
S pari-sdhan, s.m.
Accomplishing, effecting, bringing to a
conclusion; arranging, settling; determining,
ascertaining.
S pra-sdhan, s.f. A drug
(commonly called siddhi); a comb.
S prasd, adj. Shewing favour,
treating with kindness; offered to idols.
S prasr, s.m. Going forth, going
about, spreading, extending, extension,
expansion, diffusion; going out to forage.
S pra-srit, part. Moved
forwards, held out; stretched out, expanded,
extended, spread, diffused; laid out, exhibited,
exposed (for sale).
S pra-sra, s.m. Stretching out,
extending, spreading, diffusing, diffusion,

534
expanding, expansion; dispersion of an army in H parast [P. parasta], s.m. Any object of
detachments for collecting forage, &c.; ejection. worship.
H prastb, s.m.=prastv, q.v.
S pra-sra, s.f. Spreading;
H prastbik, adj.=prastvik,
surrounding an enemy; the dispersing an army
q.v.
by detachments for the purpose of collecting
P parastr [parast, q.v.+r], s.m. Adorer,
forage;a species of creeper, Pderia ftida.
worshipper; servant, slave.
S prastr, s.m. Strewing about,
S pra-sr, adj. Coming forth,
spreading out, scattering, spreading; a bed or
flowing forth, moving on; going along gently,
couch; a thicket or wood overgrown with grass,
gliding, flowing, creeping; stretching,
a jungle; (in Alg.) an enumeration of all the
extending, spreading, expanding.
possible combinations of certain given
numbers.
P par-sl, adv. Last year (contrac. of pr-
P paristn, vulg. parastn, s.m.=par-
sl, q.v.s.v. P. pr).
stn, q.v.s.v. par.
P pursn (imperf. part. of pursdan; see S pra-stv, prast`o, s.m.
purs), adj. & s.m. Asking, inquiring, inquisitive; Introductory eulogy, introduction, prelude,
inquirer, &c. (used at the end of comp., e.g. prologue; beginning, commencement;
awl-pursn, 'inquiring after one's condition.') mentioning, mention; occasion, opportunity,
time, season.
S paras-par (paras, nom. of S pra-stvik, adj. Suggested
para+para), adj. & adv., One another, each by previous mention; suited to the occasion,
other, mutual, reciprocal; interchanging, appropriate, well-timed, apropos, opportune,
interchangeable;mutually, reciprocally: seasonable; occasional.
paras-parnumati (ra+an), s.f. Mutual S pra-stvan,
concurrence or assent:paraspar-yuddh, s.m. vulg. prast`on, s.f. Causing to be praised;
Civil war; feud:parasparopakr (ra+up), causing to mention or to speak of; introduction,
s.m. Mutual assistance or benefit; offensive and commencement, preface, exordium; prologue.
defensive alliance:parasparopakr, s.m. Ally,
S pra-stut, part. Praised,
associate, helper.
eulogized, panegyrized; proposed, propounded,
declared; said, mentioned; ready, prepared;
S pra-sphu, = H
accomplished, done.
pra-sphuit, part. Cleft open, S pra-star, s.m. A flat surface,
expanded, blown; manifest, clear, plain, level, plain; stone, rock; precious stone, gem
apparent, evident; divulged, published, spread (=patthar); a handful or bundle of kua grass
abroad. used at sacrifices; a bunch of flowers; a bed,
&c. (=prastr, q.v.):prastar-may, adj.
H pra-sphuit, = S Composed of stone or rock, stony, rocky.
pra-sphu, part. Cleft open, expanded, P parastish [parast, q.v.+ish = Zend she],
s.f. Adoration, worship, devotion,
blown; manifest, clear, plain, apparent, evident;
observance:parastish-na, s.m.=parastish-
divulged, published, spread abroad.
gh, s.f. Place of worship, church, temple,
mosque.
H pra-sphoit, part. P parastanda [parast, q.v.+anda =
adj.=pra-sphu, q.v. Zend a = S. ant], s.m. Adorer, worshipper;
servant.
S pra-sphoan, s.m. Splitting, S pra-stha, prasth, adj. & s.m.
falling asunder; expanding, opening, budding, Going to, visiting; going on a march or journey;
blooming; striking, beating; threshing or stable, firm, solid; expanding, spread;a level
winnowing corn; a winnowing basket. expanse; table-land on the top of a mountain; a
particular weight and measure of capacity
P parast [v.n. of parastdan; Z. fra+rt. t: (equal to four kuavs or forty-eight double
S. pra sth], adj. & s.m. Adoring, worshipping; handfuls):prastha-pushp, s.m. 'Flowering on
devoted (to), attentive (to);adorer, worshipper the mountain top,' a species of plant, a variety
(used as last member of comp., e.g. but-parast, of the tuls or basil with small leaves.
s.m. Idol-worshipper, idolater).

535
S pra-sthpit, part. Made to S pra-skandik, s.f. =
depart, sent away, dismissed; sent, despatched. S pra-skandan,
S pra-sthpan, s.m. Causing to s.m. Diarrha, dysentery.
depart, sending away, dismissing, despatching; S pra-skandan, s.m. =
appointment to an embassy; using, employing.
S pra-skandik,
H prasthpan, v.t. To
s.f. Diarrha, dysentery.
appoint, to establish.
S pari-sampt, part. Fully
S pra-sthn, vulg. parasthn,
completed, completely finished, entirely done.
s.m. Going forth, setting out, departure, march,
the march of an army or of an assailant; the first S pari-sampti, s.f. Entire
stage of a march or journey:prasthn karn, completion, end, conclusion.
v.n. To go forth, go away, change (one's) S pari-sampan, s.m. The
residence, to set out, depart, march; to send act of finishing completely; entire completion
baggage, &c. on the first stage of a journey on (=pari-sampti).
some propitious day or moment (=p-turb,
q.v.s.v. p). S pra-smriti, s.f. Forgetting;
S pra-sthit, part. Set forth, set forgetfulness.
out, departed, gone. H pra-saman, s.m.=pra-aman,
H parast (from parast), s.f. Adoration, q.v.
worship (used in comp.). S parasmai-pad, s.m. The
S pra-siddh, part. adj. Well- active or transitive verb (in Sanskrit grammar).
known, noted, famous, notorious, renowned, S pra-sanna, prasann, vulg. parsan,
celebrated; accomplished, effected; established; part. adj. Clear, bright, pellucid, limpid, pure;
adorned, ornamented. soothed, composed, conciliated, propitiated,
S pra-siddhi, s.f. pleased, gratified (with, -se), delighted,
Accomplishment, success, attainment; celebrity, rejoiced; flourishing; willing; gracious,
fame, notoriety; ornament, decoration. propitious, kind (to, -par), kindly disposed
S pari-sar, s.m. Standing-place, (towards), favourable, complacent:prasanna-
itt, adj. Delighted, elated:prasanna
position, site; verge, border, proximity,
rakhn (-ko), To keep (one) pleased, to give
neighbourhood, environs, ground on the border
satisfaction (to):prasanna karn (-ko), To
of a river or mountain, or contiguous to a town,
give pleasure (to), to please, rejoice; to be
&c.; width, breadth, extent, dimension.
pleased with, to like:prasanna-mukh, adj. &
H paras-rm, s.m.=parau-rm, s.m. 'Placid-countenanced,' having a pleased or
q.v.s.v. parau. approving countenance, agreeable-looking,
S pra-srv, s.m. Flowing, looking pleased, smiling:prasann hon (-se),
To be pleased (with), to like; to approve (of), to
dropping; urine (=peshb).
acquiesce (in).
H pari-sram, s.m.=pari-ram, q.v.
H parasn (see parast), v.t. To
P pursish [rt. of purs-dan+ish =
adore, worship.
Zend she; Pehl. punashn; Z. frashn;
S. prana], s.f. Asking, questioning, H parasn [S. ], v.t. To
interrogating, inquiring, inquiry (generally after touch.
health). S par-sambandh, s.m. See
S puras-kr, s.m. See s.v. puras. s.v. para, par.
S pra-sakta, part. adj. Attached S pra-sannat, =
(to), united (to), in contact (with), connected H pra-sannat`, s.f.
(with); cleaving (to), adhering (to); devoted
Brightness, clearness, purity; acquiescence,
(to), wrapped up (in, -me); engaged (in), pleasure, goodwill, favour, kindness,
applied (to), used, employed; attained, obtained, propitiousness, good humour, cheerfulness.
gained; continual, constant, eternal,
everlasting;adv. Continually, incessantly, H pra-sannat`, =
eternally. S pra-sannat, s.f. Brightness,
S pra-saki, s.f. Adherence or clearness, purity; acquiescence, pleasure,
attachment (to), adhesion, devotion (to); goodwill, favour, kindness, propitiousness,
addiction (to), engagedness. good humour, cheerfulness.

536
H pra-sas, s.f.=pra-ans, q.v. H prasavat, parsaut =
S pari-sakhy, s.f. An S prasavant s.f. A woman in
exhaustive enumeration; recapitulation; labour (=prast, also written prast).
reckoning. S prasavant =
S pari-sakhyt, part. adj.
H prasavat, parsaut s.f.
Counted, reckoned up; enumerated, specified
A woman in labour (=prast, also
exclusively.
written prast).
S pra-sang, vulg. parsang,
H pars-rm, s.m. = parau-
s.m. Adherence, attachment (to), devotion (to);
rm, q.v.s.v. parau.
connection, union, association, intercourse,
coition, illicit intercourse; connected reasoning S pra-savak, s.m. The
or argument; mention; discourse, subject, topic, tree Buchanania latifolia (=piyl).
tenour, incident, the case as stated, treatise, S pra-sn, part. & s.m. Produced,
section of a book; contingency, case, event; born; flower; bud, blossom; fruit.
conjuncture, occasion, opportunity,
circumstances, time; introduction, insertion; H parso, pars [S. + ], adv.
mention (of parents):prasang-sangat, s.f. The second day before or after the present; the
Conversation, intercourse. day before yesterday; the day after to-morrow.
S pra-sav, s.m. Bringing forth or S pra-sav, adj. & s.m.=prasavat,
bearing young, childbirth, parturition q.v.
(=prasti), labour; offspring, young, progeny, P pursa (see purs), s.m. Kind inquiry,
posterity; flower, blossom; fruit:prasav- condolence (in cases of death, &c.):pursa
bandhan, s.m. The foot-stalk of a leaf or flower, den (-ko), To offer condolence, to condole
the leaf-stalk or peduncle:prasav-grih, s.m. A (with).
lying-in chamber, a lying-in hospital:prasav H parsiy [S. +], s.m.
hon, v.n. To be delivered (of young). Reaping hook, sickle.
S pra-s, s.f. A mother; a mare; a P parsiywushn, s.m. The herb
spreading creeper; the plantain. maiden-hair, Pteris lunulata.
S prast, vulg. parst, part. & s.m. S pari-sman, s.m. =
Procreated, begotten; brought forth, born, S pari-sm, s.f. Boundary,
produced, grown; bringing forth;the border, extreme term or limit.
whites, fluor albus.
S pari-sm, s.f. =
S pra-sti, vulg. prast, s.f.
S pari-sman, s.m. Boundary,
Bringing forth, &c. (=pra-sav, q.v.).
border, extreme term or limit.
S pra-savat, adj. & s.m. Bringing
S para, s.m. A species of gem.
forth, bearing, puerperal;a parent.
S pra-st, vulg. parst, s.f. A H para, s.m.=paras, q.v.
woman who has brought forth a child, a woman S parush, adj. & s.m. Rough, rugged,
recently delivered, a lying-in woman. uneven; shaggy; keen, piercing (as the wind);
S pra-savit, = harsh, discordant; hard, unkind, cruel, stern,
severe, churlish; abusive, contumelious; coarse,
S pra-savitri, s.m. Procreator,
gross;unkind, harsh, or contumelious speech,
generator, father, parent; ancestor. abuse;a species of Barleria with blue
S pra-savitri, = flowers, Barleria prionitis; the tree Xylocarpus
granatum.
S pra-savit, s.m. Procreator,
S parau, paru, vulg. parsu, s.m.
generator, father, parent; ancestor.
Hatchet, axe, battle-axe:parau-rm, paru-
S pra-stik, s.f. A woman who
rm, vulg. parsu-rm, paras-rm, s.m. 'Rma
has had a child; a woman recently delivered with the axe,' an epithet of Rma, son of the
(=prast). saint Jamad-agni (the first of the three
H pursottam, parsotam, s.m. renowned Rmas and the sixth avatr or
See s.v. purush. descent of the deity Vishu, who appeared in
the world for the purpose of repressing the
tyranny and punishing the violence of the
Kshatriya or military caste; he seems to typify

537
the tribe of Brhmas and their contests with v sarvnm, s.m. (in Gram.) A personal
the Kshatriyas: he was a contemporary of the pronoun:purushottam (sha+ut), s.m. Best of
principal Rma the son of Daarath):paru- men, an excellent or superior man; the highest
ghar, vulg. parsu-ghar, s.m.=parau-rm. being, Supreme Spirit, an epithet of Vishu or
S purush, s.m. Man (collectively or Krisha:purush-varjit, adj. Destitute of
individually), mankind; a man, human being; a human beings, desolate:purush-va, adj. Of
male; person; the height, stature, or measure of or belonging to the race of men.
a man (=purus, purs, q.v.); the soul and original H purush [S. pl. of purusha],
source of the universe; the human soul or spirit; s.m. pl. People of old, the ancients; the fathers,
the Supreme Spirit or Soul of the universe, ancestors, predecessors:
Supreme Being, God: purushtmya (sh:+t), purush-tan,
purushdhikr(sha+adh), s.m. Manly office s.m.=purush:purush-log, s.m. Idem.
or duty, the proper function or sphere of a S pari-p, s.m. Cursing, reviling,
man:purushdham (sha+adh), s.m. 'Lowest
or vilest of men,' a low or base person, vile anathema.
man, an outcast:purushrth (sha+artha), H prad, pard, s.m.=pra-
s.m. Any object of human pursuit; any one of sd, q.v.
the four objects or aims of man or of the soul S pra-st, s.m. Director, ruler,
(viz. km or the gratification of desire; arth or
governor, king.
the acquisition of wealth; dharm or the
discharge of duty; moksh or final S pra-san, s.m. Governing,
emancipation); human effort or exertion: ruling; dominion, government; enjoining,
purush(sha+), s.m. Man-eater, cannibal, enacting.
a rkshas:purushntar (sha+an), s.m. S pra-kh, =
Another or succeeding generation; another who
is a man (a mere man); a treaty stipulating that S pra-khik, s.f. A small
the affairs of the one party shall be settled by branch, a twig.
warriors selected from both parties: S pra-khik, =
purushnukram (sha+anu), s.m. Lineal
succession:purushyu (sha+yu), s.m.f. S pra-kh, s.f. A small branch,
Duration of a man's life, age of man, life or a twig.
lifetime of man, human existence:purush- S pra-nt, part. Tranquillized,
bodhak, adj. (in Gram.) Masculine:purush- composed, quieted, calmed, calm; tamed,
bhv, s.m. The special disposition of males; subdued; peaceful:prant-tm, adj.
purush-jt, s.m. The male sex, men:purush- 'Tranquil-souled,' composed in mind, peaceful,
dvesh, adj. & s.m. Man-hating, misanthropic; calm, serene.
ill-tempered; fractious;man-hater,
S pra-nti, s.f. Tranquillization;
misanthrope:purush-dveshi, s.f. An ill-
tempered or fractious woman:purush-dhan, tranquillity of mind, calm, quiet, pacification,
s.m. Property belonging to the man or husband composure, rest, peace.
(opp. to str-dhan, 'the wife's property): H praab, s.m.=pra-sav, q.v.
purush-sih, s.m. Lion of a man, brave man, S purushat, s.f. =
hero; an eminent man:purush-skta, s.m.
Name of the ninetieth hymn of the S purushatva, s.m. Manhood,
tenth Maal of the Rig-veda (this celebrated virility; manliness, valour, prowess; the state of
hymn, in which the soul or original source of man, manly nature or property.
the universe is described, is supposed to be S purushatva, s.m. =
comparatively modern in its diction and
allusions):purush-kr, s.m. Any act of man, S purushat, s.f. Manhood, virility;
manly act, human effort or exertion (com. opp. manliness, valour, prowess; the state of man,
to fate); manhood, virility; effort, exertion; manly nature or property.
care:purush-kesar, s.m. Man-lion, S prisha, prish, part. Asked,
&c.=purush-sih, q.v.:purush-gm, s.m. A inquired, questioned, interrogated, demanded.
sodomite:purush-gaman, s.m. Sodomy:
S prash, adj. & s.m. Asking,
purush-mtra, adj. Of the height or measure of
a man:purush-mukh, adj. Having the face of a demanding; asker, inquirer, questioner,
man:purush-may, adj. Abounding in interrogator.
males:purush-vak, adj. Indicating or S prishha, prishh, s.m. The back;
belonging to the masculine gender;purush- the hinder part of anything, the rear; the upper

538
side, uppermost part, surface (see ph): S pra-saman, s.m. Tranquillizing,
prishha-drishi, s.m. 'Looking backwards,' a pacifying, calming; the disbursement of wealth;
bear. securing; killing, destroying, destruction,
S prashha, prashh, adj. & s.m. slaughter.
Standing in front, preceding, prior; chief, S prini, adj. Variegated, party-
principal, best;leader, conductor, chief. coloured, dappled, piebald, speckled, spotted;
S prashh, s.f. The wife of a leader manifold, diverse, various:prini-par, s.f.
or chief. 'Having variegated leaves,' the plant Hemionitis
S pura-had, s.m. See cordifolia.
s.v. puras. S prana, pran, s.m. Inquiry,
S pari-shad, s.f. Assembly, meeting, question, demand; a problem for calculation:
pran-dt, s.f. Riddle, enigma, perplexing or
audience, congregation, council.
enigmatical question:pran-kartt, s.m.
S pari-uddha, part. Completely Inquirer, asker:pran karn (-se), To put a
cleansed, cleaned, purified; acquitted, question (to), to ask, inquire (of), to make
discharged; cleared off, paid. inquiry:pran-lip, s.f. (in Law)
S parau-rm, s.m. See Interrogatories:pran-vak-sarvnm, s.m.
An interrogative pronoun:
s.v. parau.
pranottar (na+ut), s.m. Question and answer;
S pari-rnt, part. Thoroughly catechism; discussion, controversy.
fatigued, worn out, exhausted, wearied. S pra-as, s.f. Praise,
S pari-rnti, s.f. Fatigue, commendation, panegyric, eulogy, encomium,
exhaustion; labour, toil, trouble, distress. applause, flattery; fame, reputation, glory:
S pari-ram, vulg. pari-sram, s.m. praas karn (-k), To praise, eulogize,
Fatigue, distress; fatiguing occupation, labour, bestow encomium (on), to laud, extol,
exertion, effort, endeavour, toil, pains, trouble; panegyrize:praansrth (s+ar), adj. &
industry:pariram karn, v.n. To labour, &c. s.m. Desirous of approval, &c.; a seeker of
approval, or fame, or notoriety:praans-
S pari-ram, adj. Active,
kr, adj. & s.m. Praising, eulogizing, &c.; an
industrious, energetic, laborious, painstaking. encomiast, panegyrist, flatterer:prasans-
S pra-ast, part. adj. Praised, yogya, adj. Deserving praise,
commended, eulogized, extolled; laudable, &c.=praansanya, q.v.
commendable, admirable, excellent, good, best; S pra-asit, part. Praised,
happy; well; right. commended, eulogized, extolled, applauded.
S pra-asti, s.f. Praise, eulogy, S pra-asak, adj. & s.m.
fame excellence, eminence. Praising, commending, eulogizing, &c.;
S pra-astat, s.f. = encomiast, flatterer, &c.
S pra-astatva, s.m. Goodness, S pra-asan, s.m. Praising,
excellence, eminence. eulogizing, &c.
S pra-astatva, s.m. = H praasn, v.t. To praise,
S pra-astat, s.f. Goodness, &c.=praas karn, q.v.s.v. praas.
excellence, eminence. S pra-asanya, part. adj. To
S pari-ish, part. adj. & s.m. be praised or commended, praiseworthy,
laudable, commendable.
Left, remaining; finished;a supplement,
appendix. S pra-as, adj. &
S parishkr, s.m. Adorning, s.m.=praasak, q.v.
ornament, decoration, embellishment; finishing; S prinik, s f. The aquatic
polishing, cleaning, purification (by essential plant Pistia stratiotes (=pran).
rites); initiation; the repairing a building. S pari-akanya, part. adj.
S parishkrit, part. Prepared, To be doubted or distrusted; to be feared or
equipped; highly finished, polished; adorned, apprehended.
decorated, embellished; cleansed, scoured, S pran, s.f.=prinik, q.v.
purified (by initiatory rites):parishkrit-bhmi,
s.f. An altar or ground prepared for a sacrifice.

539
S purushottam, display; to indicate, point out, make clear:
prak-mn, adj. Becoming manifest,
vulg. pursotam, parsotam, s.m. See s.v. purush.
appearing, bright, brilliant, splendid, radiant:
S pari-odh, = prak hon, To be manifest; to be illumined,
S pari-odhan, s.m. be elucidated:prak-hn, adj. Destitute of
Cleansing, purifying; correcting; purification; light, &c. (see prak).
justification; retaliation; paying, discharging a S pra-kit, part. adj. (f. -),
debt, quittance. Become visible, brought to light, visible,
S pari-odhan, = manifest, apparent, evident; displayed,
unfolded, discovered; illumined, enlightened,
S pari-odh, s.m. Cleansing, elucidated; published, promulgated.
purifying; correcting; purification; justification; S pra-kat, s.f. =
retaliation; paying, discharging a debt,
quittance. S pra-katva, s.m. Brightness,
S para-vas, par-vas, adv. See brilliance, splendour, luminousness;
appearance, manifestation, visibility; celebrity,
s.v. para, par; and see also parso.
renown, fame.
S pari-osh, s.m. Becoming
S pra-katva, s.m. =
completely dried up, dryness, desiccation,
evaporation. S pra-kat, s.f. Brightness,
S purush (see purush), s.f. A brilliance, splendour, luminousness;
appearance, manifestation, visibility; celebrity,
woman, a female.
renown, fame.
S pari-esh, s.m. Remnant,
S pra-kak, vulg. prakik, adj.
remains, remainder, residue, rest; conclusion,
& s.m. Clear, bright, shining, brilliant,
completion, termination.
enlightened; illuminating, luminous; making
S prikk, s.f. A species of leguminous apparent or manifest, disclosing, discovering,
plant, Trigonella corniculata. publishing; explaining, elucidating;`the giver
H par-kj, s.m. See s.v. para, par. of light,' the sun; an illustrator, expounder;
P parkr, s.m. A pair of compasses publisher; discoverer.
(=pargr). S pra-kakat, s.f. =
P pur-kr, adj. See s.v. pur 'full.' S pra-kakatva, s.m. The
S pra-kr, vulg. parkr, s.m. Kind, property of displaying or manifesting;
sort, species; way, mode, manner, method, luminousness, radiance (=pra-kat).
fashion; similitude; difference; speciality: S pra-kakatva, s.m. =
prakrntara (ra+an), s.m. Another method
or sort;adv. In another way:prakr-vak, S pra-kakat, s.f. The
adj. (in Gram.) Expressive of kind, quality, or property of displaying or manifesting;
manner. luminousness, radiance (=pra-kat).
P parkr, adj. Made or done with S pra-kan, s.m. Illuminating,
compasses.
giving light; making known, making clear or
P pur-kr, s.f. See s.v. pur.
manifest, bringing to light; showing, pointing
H pra-ks, parks, s.m. out.
See pra-k. H pra-kn, v.t. To illumine,
S pra-k, adj. & s.m. Visible, &c., see pra-kan; and prak karn,
manifest, clear, evident; open, public, s.v. prak.
conspicuous; noted, renowned, famous, S pra-k, adj. & s.m.=pra-
notorious; illumined, bright, shining;
kak, q.v.
clearness, brightness, brilliance, lustre,
splendour; light, daylight, sunshine; display, S pra-kya, part. adj. To be
pomp, grandeur; manifestation, appearance, illuminated or enlightened; to be brought to
revelation, publicity, disclosure, elucidation; light, to be made manifest;s.m. Clearness,
expansion, diffusion;adv. Openly, publicly, &c.=pr-kya, q.v.
manifestly, aloud:prak pn, v.n. To obtain H parkl, s.m.=P. parkr, q.v.
publicity, to come to light, to transpire, to
obtain notoriety:prak karn (-k), To make H parkl [S. or +
known, to disclose, reveal, declare;prak ], s.m. A stair, ladder, steps (syn. zna).
karn (-ko), To illumine, make manifest,

540
P parkla, s.m. A spark; a pane of glass.S pra-krit, part. Made,
H parkn [S. ], s.m. A accomplished, completed; original; genuine,
trunnion. real, true, just, right, accurate, proper:
H parkn (see parn), v.t. To prakritrth (ta+ar), adj. Having the original
habituate, accustom, familiarize. sense; real, true.
S pra-k, vulg. parkn, s.m. S pra-kriti, vulg. prakrit, s.f. The
The stem or trunk of a tree; a branch, shoot; original or natural form (of anything), natural
anything excellent of its kind; excellence; condition or state, original, primary substance;
happiness. cause, original source; origin, extraction,
descent; nature, character, constitution,
S pra-kupit, part. Moved, disposition, habit, temper, temperament; rule,
agitated; very angry, enraged, incensed. scheme, paradigm, pattern, model, standard; (in
S prikti, s.f. Contact, touch, philosophy) the evolver of all material
contiguity. appearances, the originant or original source of
the material world; (in Myth.) a goddess, the
S pari-kath, s.f. Work of flction,
personified will of the Supreme in the creation
tale, story. (identified with My or Illusion, and in an
S parka, s.m. A heron. especial manner the prototype of the female
sex); (in Gram.) the crude or elementary form
S pra-ka, vulg. parka, adj. Evident,
of a word, an uninflected word; (in Arith.) a
clear, manifest, apparent, obvious, visible; coefficient, multiplier; (in Anat.) temperament,
unfolded, displayed, open; public, issued out, the predominance of one of the humours at the
commonly known, undisguised:praka karn, time of generation;the constituent elements
v.t. To make evident, make known, to bring to of a State; a king's ministers; the subjects of a
light, divulge, disclose (=prak karn): king, citizens, artizans, &c. (In some systems of
praka hon, v.n. To become manifest; to Hind philosophy prakriti is considered the
appear, &c. same with the Supreme Being):prakriti-taral,
S pra-kait, part. Manifested, adj. Naturally changeful, volatile, fickle;
evident, apparent; unfolded, displayed, opened, dissolute, voluptuous:prakriti-jn,
expanded; publicly proclaimed or exhibited. vulg. prakriti-gyn, s.m. The knowledge of
S pra-kaat, s.f. = nature, &c. (see prakriti):prakriti-stha, adj.
Being in the original or natural state, natural,
S pra-kaava, s.m. Visibility, genuine, unmixed, unadulterated; healthy, in
apparency, manifestation, clearness, publicity. good health; inherent, innate; bare, stripped of
S pra-kaava, s.m. = everything.
S pra-kaat, s.f. Visibility, S pra-kritat, s.f. =
apparency, manifestation, clearness, publicity. S pra-kritatva, s.m. Inchoate
H prakan, v.n.=praka hon, state or condition; genuineness, realness, truth,
q.v.s.v. pra-ka. accuracy, propriety.
S praka (in comp.)=praka: S pra-kritatva, s.m. =
praka-krit, part. Made visible or manifest, S pra-kritat, s.f. Inchoate state
manifested, brought to light, unfolded, or condition; genuineness, realness, truth,
displayed. accuracy, propriety.
S parka, parkka, s.f. The waved- H pra-krit, s.f.=prakriti, q.v.
leaved fig-tree, Ficus infectoria (com. S pra-karsh, s.m. Pre-eminence,
called pka). excellence, distinction, superiority; intensity (of
S pari-kar, s.m. Attendants, good qualities, merit, &c.); protractedness,
dependants, followers, retinue, train; girdle, length; (in Gram.) the effect of the
girth, zone, sash, a cloth worn round the loins; a prefix pra upon roots.
bed. S pra-krisha, pra-krish, part. adj.
S pra-kar (rt. kr), s.m. Heap, Drawn forth, drawn out, protracted, lengthy;
multitude, quantity, plenty; aloe- pre-eminent, superior, distinguished, excellent,
wood, Agallochum;(rt. kri), Aid, assistance, exalted; prominent, chief, principal.
friendship; usage, custom. S pra-krishat, s.f. =
S pra-krishatva,

541
s.m. Transcendent excellence, pre-eminence, S pra-kshobha, s.m.
superiority.
Agitating, exciting.
S pra-krishatva, s.m. =
S pra-kshep, =
S pra-krishat,
S pra-kshepa, s.m. Throwing,
s.f. Transcendent excellence, pre-eminence,
casting forth or forward, projecting; throw, cast.
superiority.
S pra-kshepa, =
S pra-kram, s.m. Step, stride, pace;
striding forwards, stepping; proceeding, going; S pra-kshep, s.m. Throwing,
commencement, beginning; paragraph, section casting forth or forward, projecting; throw, cast.
(syn. daf`a); leisure, opportunity; relation, S para-kshetra, s.m. See s.v. para, par.
proportion. S pra-ksh, part. Decayed,
S pari-kram, s.f. Walking round wasting.
or about; circuit, circumambulation; the going S pari-kalpit, part. Made,
round a person or an idol to the right as an invented; contrived, arranged, devised; found
indication of reverence (=pradakshi); (in out; forged.
Astron.) revolving, revolution; a covered way
S pari-kli, s.m. Vexation,
round a temple:pari-kram den, pari-kram
karn, pari-kram len (-k), To walk round a trouble.
person, or an idol, by way of adoration, &c. S pari-klish, part. Vexed,
(=pradakshi karn); to go round, make a annoyed, sorely troubled, pained, harassed.
circuit. P parkam, adj. Become useless; reduced to
S pra-kara, s.m. Treatment, nothing; out of employ, idle.
discussion, expounding, explanation; subject, H parkamm, s.f.=pari-kram,
topic, province, department; section, chapter, q.v.
book, paragraph; introduction, prologue, S pra-kamp, s.m. Trembling,
prelude; opportunity, occasion; event,
circumstance, occurrence, affair; relation; a shivering, quaking, violent motion:
poetical fiction or poem (in which the story and prakampa-mn, adj. Trembling violently,
principal persons are wholly imaginary); a place shaking.
of pausing or of stopping. S pra-kampan, s.m. Causing to
S pra-kara, s.f. A drama of the tremble; great trembling, violent motion; wind,
same character as the prakara, but of less air; name of a hell.
extent. S pra-kamp, adj. Trembling,
S pari-kray, s.m. Redemption, shaking, moving to and fro (=prakampa-mn).
purchasing back, buying off; giving up a part of H parakn (see paran), v.n. To
a treasure to preserve the rest. become habituated or accustomed (to), to
S pra-kar, s.f. An episodical acquire a habit.
incident or interlude inserted in a drama to H parakn, v.t.=parakhn, q.v.
explain that which follows; a short interlude in S pra-kop, s.m. Effervescence,
a drama; a kind of song.
ebullition; excitement, emotion, violent anger,
S pra-kriy, s.f. Manner, way; rite, wrath, rage, fury; irritation, provocation.
observance; (in Gram.) rules for the inflection S pra-kopit, part. Irritated,
of words; elevation, dignity; bearing royal
provoked, incensed, enraged.
insignia.
S pra-kopan, s.m. Exciting,
S pra-kshlit, part. Washed,
irritating, provoking.
cleaned; purified, expiated.
H parko [S. ++], s.m.
S pra-kshlan, s.m. Washing
A barrier, a wall round a town.
off, cleansing, cleaning, purifying; bathing; the
expiation of a crime. H parakh [S. ], s.f. Inspection,
H pariksh, s.f.=parksh, q.v. examination, test, trial, proof, experiment;
scrutiny; discrimination, judgment.
S pra-kshipt, part. Thrown, cast,
H purukh, purakh, s.m.=purush, q.v.
flung.
H purukh, purkh, s.m. A
H pari-kshit, s.m.=parkshit, q.v.
man (=purush); an old man, elder; ancestor,

542
forefather, progenitors (=purush):purkhe, S pra-khyn, s.m. Perception, the
s.m. Ancestors, forefathers, &c.; the ancients,
being known; publicity, &c. (=prakhyti, q.v.).
the patriarchs.
H parkher [S. ++],
S pari-kh, s.f. Moat, ditch, trench
s.m.=par-khaiy, q.v.
or fosse round a town or fort.
H pirk [S. ], s.f. Boil; sore
H parkhn (caus. of parakhn),
(=phuiy).
v.t. To cause to be inspected; to cause to
S paraky, s.f. The mistress or
inspect; to have or get (a thing) tested, tried, or
proved; to examine, test, try, prove wife or another.
(=parakhn). S pra-krti, s.f. Celebration;
H parkhwan, s.f.=parkh`, praise; fame, celebrity; declaration, mention.
q.v. S pra-krtit, part. Announced,
H parkh`, s.f. Examining, proclaimed; pronounced, declared, mentioned,
testing, assaying; the price paid for assaying, stated; called, named; explained; revealed;
&c. renowned, celebrated.
S pra-khar, adj. & s.m. Very hot or S pra-krtan, s.m. Announcing,
acrid, biting, pungent; very hard or rough; proclaiming; pronouncing aloud; praising
iron armour, &c.=pkhar, q.v. aloud, lauding, extolling.
H parakhn (see parakh), v.t. To S pra-kr, part. adj. & s.m.
examine, prove, try, test, assay:parakhne- Scattered, strewed; spread abroad, spread,
wl, s.m.=parkhaiya, q.v. diffused, published, promulgated;a confused
H parakhn, v.t. To get, obtain, mass; a miscellany; chapter, section, division of
secure. a book; a aur or fly-flap, &c.=pra-krak, q.v.
H parakhwn, v.t.=parkhn, S pra-krak, adj. Scattered
q.v. about, &c.=pra-kr, q.v.;s.m. A aur, the
tail of the Bos gruniens used as a fan or fly-flap
H parakhw`, s.f.=parkh`, and as an ornament for horses; a section or
q.v. division of a book; (in Law) decision, decree.
H parkh [S. ], = S para-kya, parkya, adj.
H parakhiy, Belonging to another (see parakiy).
vulg. parakhy, parkhaiy. s.m. One H parg [S. +, rt. ], s.m. Step,
who examines and approves money, money- stride, pace.
tester, assayer, banker; tester, inspector, S pra-gt, = S pra-
examiner, prover. gtri, s.m. A singer.
H parakhiy, S pra-gtri, = S pra-
vulg. parakhy, parkhaiy. = gt, s.m. A singer.
P pargr, s.m. A pair of compasses
H parkh [S. ], s.m. One who
(=parkr); household furniture; worldly things;
examines and approves money, money-tester, a collar or necklace.
assayer, banker; tester, inspector, examiner, P pargr, s.f. Work done with
prover. compasses.
S pari-khyt, part. adj. H pra-gh [S. ], adj. & s.m.
Regarded as; called, named; celebrated, famous Much, excessive; hard, difficult; hard, firm,
(=pra-khyt). steady; serious;pain, privation, penance.
S pra-khyt, part. adj. H pra-ghata (S. pra-
Celebrated, renowned, famous, noted,
ghat), s.f. = H pra-
notorious; pleased, happy.
S pari-khyti, s.f. Reputation, ghatva (S. pra-ghatva), s.m. Abundance,
excessiveness; hardness, difficulty; firmness,
fame (=prakhyti). steadiness; seriousness.
S pra-khyti, s.f. Perceptibility; H pra-ghatva (S. pra-
publicity; notoriety, celebrity, fame; praise,
eulogium. ghatva), s.m. = H pra-
ghata (S. pra-ghat), s.f. Abundance,

543
excessiveness; hardness, difficulty; firmness, confidence; energy, resoluteness, resolution;
steadiness; seriousness. audacity, arrogance; power, eminence,
H pargs, = consequence, prevalence; perverseness,
wilfulness; impudence, shamelessness.
H pargs, s.m. (Prov.)=prak,
S pra-gaman, s.m. Proceeding;
q.v.
progress, advance.
H pargs, = P pargant; irreg. Ar. pl. of the
H pargs, s.m. (Prov.)=prak, P. pargana, q.v.
q.v. H pargant, adj. Of or relating to
a pargana or parganas:pargant jam`, s.f.
S pra-gm, adj. & s.m. Setting Amount of revenue received at the head office
out, being about to depart; one who is about to or tal of the pargana, from the several
depart. subdivisions thereof, after deducting the
P pargh, s.m. Sticks and straw; anything charges of collecting:pargant ar, s.m.
worthless, rubbish. Charges or expenditure of a pargana (to be
S pra-gy, adj. & s.m. Singing; deducted from the gross revenue).
a singer. P pargana-jt, s.m. irreg. Ar. pl.
H praga, parga, adj.=praka, of pargana, q.v.
q.v. P pargana (S. ), s.m. Subdivision of
H pragaat, = a ila` or district (about the size of a barony);
the country; any distant place:pargana-dr,
H pragan, See prakaat; s.m. The superior officer of a pargana; lord of a
and prakan. barony:pargana-wr, adv. According
H pragan, = to parganas; according to district (settlement,
&c.).
H pragaat, See prakaat; P pur-go, adj. See s.v. pur.
and prakan. S pra-gopan, s.m. Protection,
S pari-grah, s.m. Laying hold (of), preservation, salvation.
seizing, grasping; taking, accepting, receiving, S pari-gha, s.m. An iron beam or bar
acceptance; surrounding, encircling; embracing; for shutting or fastening a gate; an iron-
taking possession (of); possession, property; mounted bludgeon, an iron club; a line of
choosing, selecting; taking a wife, marrying, clouds crossing the sun at sun-rise or sun-set;
marriage; a wife, a husband; honouring, the gate of a palace, or of a town, or of a house;
favouring; reverence, homage; grace, favour, name of the nineteenth stellar mansion.
patronage; apprehending, understanding,
comprehension; undertaking, performing; S pragh, praghn,
subjugation; dominion; adherents, dependants, s.m.=pragha, q.v.
attendants, train, suite; family, household; a H pragha, pargha,
house, abode; root, origin. adj.=parga; praka, q.v.
S pra-graha, s.m. Taking, H praghaat =
seizing, holding, assuming; shutting up,
confining; the commencement of an eclipse. H pragha, pargha s.f.=pr
S pra-galbha, adj. Bold, aka at, q.v.
confident; resolute, energetic; prompt, ready; H pragha, pargha =
spirited, courageous, brave, intrepid, daring; H praghaat s.f.=prakaat, q.v.
audacious, proud, arrogant; strong, able;
impudent, shameless; eminent. S pragha, and H. pargha,
S pra-galbhat, s.f. = s.f. An iron trough into which silver or gold is
cast previous to working it, a goldsmith's
S pra-galbhatva, mould, &c.
s.m. Boldness, confidence; energy, S pra-gha, praghan, s.m.
resoluteness, resolution; audacity, arrogance; Covered terrace before the door of a house;
power, eminence, consequence, prevalence; porch, portico; a copper pot; an iron mace or
perverseness, wilfulness; impudence, crowbar; a species of bean, Phaseolus mungo.
shamelessness.
H pargahn [S. +], s.f.
S pra-galbhatva, s.m. =
A crucible, a goldsmith's moulding-pot
S pra-galbhat, s.f. Boldness, (=pragha, q.v.).

544
H pragy (prop. praj), s.f. S pra-lohit, adj. Rolling;
Intelligence, understanding, wisdom, heaving, tossing.
knowledge; a clever woman or girl (fem. S pra-lohan, s.m. Rolling on the
of pragya):pragy-wn, pragy-want,
ground; heaving, tossing (as of the ocean).
adj.=pragya, q.v.
S par-lok, s.m. See s.v. para, par.
H pra-gyt (prop. pra-jta), part.
Known, understood; distinguished, S pra-lay,
discriminated, discerned; renowned, famous, vulg. parlay, parlai, s.m.f. (?).
notorious. Dissolution, destruction, annihilation; the
H pari-gyn (prop. pari-jna), destruction of the whole world at the end of
s.m. Perception, thorough knowledge, learning. a kalpa, the consummation of all things; general
H pra-gyn (prop. pra-jna), destruction (such as at the flood or
resurrection); any extensive destruction or
adj.=pragya, q.v.;s.m. Knowledge, wisdom,
devastation; death, dying; fainting, syncope,
intelligence; mark, sign.
loss of sense or consciousness; (met.) vexation,
H pra-gyat (prop. pra-jat), s.f. fatigue, oppression, languor, disgust:pralay-
Knowledge; judiciousness, prudence. kl, s.m. The period of the destruction of the
P pargr (par+gr, qq.v.), s.f. An world at the end of a kalpa, the time of
ortolan (a species of Alauda);feathering or universal destruction.
winging an arrow; the feather so applied. S pra-lep, s.m. Unguent, ointment,
H pra-gya (prop. pra-ja), adj. & s.m. plaster, salve.
Wise, intelligent, learned, sensible, clever; S pra-lepak, adj. Anointing,
knowing, conversant (with);a clever or
smearing, plastering.
sensible person.
S pra-lepan, s.m. The act of
H parl [S. +], adj. (f. -), Of the
anointing or smearing.
other side or end; next in order; yonder:
parle-pr, adj. On the other side; far beyond; S param, vulg. parm, adj. Highest,
far away, far off, a long way off; through: first, most excellent, most distinguished, best,
parle darje-k = parle-sire-k, adj. & adv. greatest, chief, primary, principal, superior,
Great, thorough, extreme, excessive, of the first paramount, supreme; transcendent, perfect;
or highest degree;in a complete degree, in the exceeding, excessive, extreme, very great;
extreme, thoroughly, utterly, out and out. adv. Exceedingly, extremely, very much, in the
S pra-lp, s.m. Talk, conversation, highest degree, to a great degree, excellently:
paramarsh (parama+rishi), s.m. 'Greatest sage,'
discourse; childish talk, prattle, prate,
chattering; incoherent or delirious speech, a rishi or divine sage of a peculiar order or
raving; lamentation, wailing. division:parambhsha (ma+bh), s.m.
An excellent ornament; splendid attire:
S pra-lp, adj. & s.m. Talking paramtm, vulg. parmtm (ma+t), s.m.
much, chattering; talking incoherently or The Supreme Spirit, soul of the universe;
unmeaningly, or deliriously;a prattler, &c. paramtm-purush, s.m. Idem:
S pra-lamb, adj. & s.m. Hanging paramdvait (ma+ad), s.m. 'The highest
down, depending, pendulous; slow, dilatory; without a duplicate,' an epithet of Vishnu; pure
procrastination, delay; new shoot or bud of a unitarianism:paramrth (ma+ar), s.m. The
creeping plant; a branch; a garland of flowers highest or most sublime truth, the whole truth;
worn round the neck; a necklace;name of a real truth; spiritual knowledge; the greatest
demon killed by Balarm. good; the best sense; any excellent or important
aim or object, the first pursuit, the best end;
S pra-lav, s.m. A part cut off, chip,
virtue, merit;paramrth sudharn, v.n. To
fragment (as of a reed, &c.); sheath (of a leaf). arrange or provide for the highest good or the
S pra-lobh, s.m. Allurement, best end, to do good deeds in order to secure
seduction; desire, covetousness, cupidity, salvation;paramrth-ke hetu lagn, To give
greediness. alms with a view to salvation;paramrth-
S pra-lobhan, s.m. Alluring, vd, s.m. One who teaches the most sublime
truth, &c.:paramrth, adj. & s.m. Pursuing
seducing, inducing, attracting. the highest purpose, &c.;a religious or
S pra-lobhi, adj. Alluring, virtuous person:paramgati (ma+g), s.f.
seducing, attracting; inducing; lusting after, 'The supreme pathway,' the proceeding to
desiring, desirous, covetous, avaricious, greedy. heaven and final beatitude:

545
paramnna (ma+an), s.m. 'Best food,' rice chief, principal;the Supreme Being; any
boiled in milk with sugar (offered to gods or to supreme deity.
the manes):paramu (ma+au), s.m. An H purum, prum [Port. prumo], s.m.
infinitesimal particle, an atom, the invisible Sounding lead:prum ln, v.n. To heave the
base of all aggregate bodies (of which thirty are lead.
said to form a mote in a sunbeam); the sun's S pra-m, s.f. True perception, correct
passage past an atom of matter, an infinitesimal
notion, accurate conception, true and certain
division of time; the lowest measure of
knowledge, knowledge exempt from all error;
weight:paramut, s.f. Infinite minuteness,
consciousness; authority, example (=pram).
the state of an atom:paramnan (ma+n),
s.m. 'Having a large face,' the Sun: S pra-mt, adj. & s.m. Knowing
paramnand (ma+n), s.m. Supreme felicity, truly or well, having a right notion or idea;
great pleasure, high delight; crowning joy, final one who knows well, one who is competent to
beatitude; the Supreme Spirit: judge, an authority.
paramyu (ma+y), s.m.f. The longest period S pari-mt, =
of life (in men or brutes):param-bhakt, s.m.
A chief devotee; a fervent devotee, a very pious S pari-mti, s.m. A measurer.
person:param-pvan, s.m. An epithet of God, S pari-mti, =
or of any river or deity by whom spiritual
S pari-mt, s.m. A measurer.
purification is effected:param-pad, s.m. The
highest rank, high station; excellence; final S pra-mtmaha, s.m.
beatitude:param-padrth, s.m. The chief Maternal great-grandfather;pra-mtmah,
thing, final salvation (the attainment of s.f. Maternal great-grandmother.
emancipation from the necessity of farther
S pra-md, s.m. Drunkenness,
transmigration):param-pratp, s.m. The
highest degree of splendour or effulgence: intoxication; madness, insanity, distraction,
param-pratp, adj. Possessing the highest confusion, distress; stupidity; negligence,
degree of splendour or glory:param-purush, inattention, carelessness; inadvertence, error,
s.m. The Supreme Spirit:param-purushrth, inaccuracy, blunder, mistake.
s.m.=param-padrth, q.v.:param-dhm, s.m. H pra-md, adj. & s.m.=pramd,
The heavenly paradise:param-dhanya, adj. and pramd, qq.v.
'Blessed in the highest sense,' an epithet of the S pra-md, adj. & s.m.
ever-blessed God:param-rj, s.m. A supreme
monarch, emperor:param-gati, param-gat, Intoxicated; insane; negligent, inattentive,
s.f. The highest attainment or condition, final inadvertent, careless, heedless, incautious,
beatitude; any chief object or refuge (as a god, indifferent;a careless person, &c.
or a protector):param-gyn (prop. param- S paramrth, see s.v. param for
jna), s.m. The highest wisdom; knowledge of compounds which have this word for the first
the Highest:param-mukh, s.m. The highest member.
happiness, salvation;param-mukh-dyak, adj. S pari-mrga, s.m. Tracing,
& s.m. Bestowing the highest happiness or
tracking, searching, seeking out, pursuing.
salvation;one who bestows the highest
happiness, &c.:param-n, s.m. Complete S pari-mrg, adj. & s.m.
destruction, utter ruin; the ruin of one's highest Tracking, seeking for, going after, pursuing,
interests:param-ngar, s.f. 'The chief of hunting;searcher, pursuer, &c.
courtesans,' an epithet of Rdh:param-has, S pari-m, s.m. Measuring;
s.m. An ascetic of the highest order, a religious measure, capacity, proportion, quantity,
man who has subdued all his senses by abstract amount, dose, degree; length, size, magnitude;
meditation: length of time, duration; weight; number; value;
parame, parme = paramevar, parmevar (m compass, circumference:parima-jna, s.m.
a+), s.m. Supreme lord (said of rich or
A geometrician:parimn-dan, s.m. A
illustrious men, of princes, and of gods); the
measuring rod:parimn-vak, adj. Having
Supreme Lord; an epithet of Vishnu:
reference to degree or quantity.
paramevar, parame, s.f. 'The supreme
goddess,' 'the consort of the supreme lord iva,' S pra-m, vulg. parm, s.m.
the goddess Durg or Dev: Measure, scale, standard (whether of weight,
paramevarya, parmevarya, adj. Of or length, or capacity); magnitude, extent, length,
pertaining to the Supreme Being, &c.: weight, quantity, proportion, detail; rule,
parameshh, parmesh (S. parame+shh), adj. sanction, ground of assurance, standard,
& s.m. Standing at the head or top, highest, authority, judgment, proof, verification,

546
attestation, warrant, precedent, guide, rule of S pra-matta, pra-matt, part. adj.
conduct; instance, example; testimony,
Excited, wanton, lascivious; drunken, &c.
evidence; trust, belief, reliance; a scripture, a
(=pra-md, q.v.); intoxicated with delight,
work of sacred authority; cause, motive;adj.
enraptured.
Authentic, authoritative, actual, substantial,
real; approved of, admissible, credible, S pari-mit, vulg. parmit, part.
acceptable;postp. Like, of the measure or Measured, meted; circumscribed, limited,
standard (of, -ke), &c.: defined; moderate, sparing; joined; regulated:
pramabhva (na+abh), s.m. Absence of parimithr (ta+h), adj. Eating moderately,
proof, want of authority:pram-pattra, s.m. abstemious, temperate:parimit-bhuj, adj.
A written warrant; affidavit; voucher: Idem:parimit-vyay, s.m. Economy,
pram-purush, s.m. 'A man who is an parsimony:parimit-vyay, adj. Economical,
authority,' an umpire, arbitrator, judge: parsimonious, frugal.
pram ahn, v.n. To rise to a high rank: S pari-miti, s.f. Measure,
pram den, v.n. To give evidence, to quantity, limitation.
witness:pram-siddh, adj. Proven, proved, S pra-mit, part. adj. Meted out,
established:pram-kath, s.f. Proof (or
measured; known, understood; established by
attempted proof) by appeal to records or to
argument, demonstrated, proved; authentic:
books (as distinguished from hearsay or pramitkshar (ta+ak), s.f. 'Having measured
tradition):pram karn (-ko, or -k), To syllables,' a species of the jagat metre.
assent (to), accept, credit, believe; to give
evidence, to witness. S pra-miti, s.f. Measure,
H parmn, s.m.=pram, q.v. measurement; correct notion, right conception,
true knowledge, knowledge or information
S pra-mik, adj. & established by proof.
s.m.=prmnik, q.v. S pari-mitat, s.f. =
S pra-mik, s.f. A species of S pari-mitatva,
the Anushubh metre. s.m. Limitedness, moderation, limited or
H pram, adj.=pram, q.v. restricted condition.
S pram, s.f. Rule, standard, S pari-mitatva, s.m. =
authority; a kind of metre:pram-karan, S pari-mitat, s.f. Limitedness,
s.m. Establishing or admitting as authority, moderation, limited or restricted condition.
regarding or accepting as proof.
S pra-math, s.m. Name of a class of
H pra-mya, s.m.=prmya,
fiends attending on iva; one of that class;a
q.v. horse:pramathdhip (tha+adh), s.m. 'Lord
S parampar ( +), adj. adv. & of the pramaths,' an epithet of iva, and also
s.m. One following the other; proceeding from of Gae:pramathlay (tha+l), s.m. 'The
one to another (as from father to son, &c.); abode of pain,' hell.
successive, repeated;one after the other, S pra-math, s.f. The
successively, in continuous succession;a plant Terminalia chebula or citrina, and its
great-great-grandson. fruit; yellow myrobalan.
S param-par, s.f. An S pra-mathan, adj. & s.m.
uninterrupted series, row, regular series, Harassing, tormenting, torturing, paining,
succession, continuous arrangement, hurting, injuring, killing, slaughter;tormentor,
continuance, order, method; tradition; killer, &c.
impression; race, progeny, lineage; a great-
H parma (corr. of the Eng.
great-granddaughter;parampar,
or parampar-se, adv. Successively, in 'permit'), s.f. A custom-house, customs:
continuous succession; in lineal succession, parma-bandar, s.f. Port of entry.
from father to son; from time immemorial. S pra mad, s.m. & adj. Joy, pleasure,
H parampar`, s.f. Tradition delight, elation, rapture;wanton, dissolute;
(=parampar). mad; intoxicated (literally or metaphorically),
S parampar, adj. Hereditary, impassioned; violent; careless
(cf. pramatta and pramd).
obtained by inheritance or descent; traditional.
S pra-mud, adj.=pra-mudit, q.v.
S par-mat, s.m. See s.v. para, par.

547
S pra-mad, vulg. paramd, s.f. A S pra-modit, part. Delighted,
young and wanton woman; a handsome or rejoiced, pleased, happy.
beautiful woman; name of a Sanskrit metre. S pra-modak, =
S pra-mudit, part. adj. Delighted,
S pra-mod, adj. & s.m. Causing
overjoyed, very pleased, happy, glad, content.
excessive joy, delighting, making happy,
S pra-mukh, adj. & s.m. (f. -), gladdening;a happy person; one who
Facing, first, foremost, chief, principal, most occasions delight; one who makes others happy.
excellent, best;a chief, a distinguished S pra-mod, =
person, respectable man; a sage; a tree used in
dyeing, Rottleria tinctoria. S pra-modak, adj. & s.m.
S pra-mukhat, s.f. = Causing excessive joy, delighting, making
happy, gladdening;a happy person; one who
S pra-mukhatva, occasions delight; one who makes others happy.
s.m. Superiority, predominance; leadership. S pra-moh, s.m. Bewilderment,
S pra-mukhatva, s.m. = confusion; infatuation, fascination;
S pra-mukhat, s.f. Superiority, insensibility, stupefaction, stupor, fainting
away.
predominance; leadership.
S pari-mohan, s.m. The act of
S pra-magna, pra-magn, part.
bewildering; beguiling; fascination, infatuation.
Immersed, dipped, drowned.
S pari-moh, adj. (f. -in),
S pari-mal, vulg. parmal,
Fascinating, infatuating, bewitching.
s.m. Fragrance, perfume (esp. arising from the
trituration of fragrant substances); a fragrant H parme`o (P. parmiyo), =
substance; the pounding or trituration of S pra-meh, s.m. Urinary disease;
perfumes; sexual intercourse;parched grain
gonorrha, clap, gleet.
of ju`r (Holcus sorghum), or
of bjr (Panicum spicatum), parched Indian S pra-meh, =
corn;adj. Sweet-scented. H parme`o (P. parmiyo), s.m.
S pari-mln, part. Faded, Urinary disease; gonorrha, clap, gleet.
withered; waned; diminished, impaired; soiled, H paran (cf. par, 'wing'), s.f. A very
stained. quick time in music.
H parmil, s.f. A kind of dance. H pra, paran, parn [S. ], s.m.
H pirman, s.m.=parwn, q.v. Promise, agreement, stipulation, contract; vow,
S pari-mand, adj. Very dull or resolution:paran bdhn, paran karn, v.n.
To make a promise; to take a vow; to resolve:
faint; very slow; very tired.
pra-d`, s.m. One who gives his pledge, &c.
S pari-manal, adj. & s.m.
S para, par, s.m. Wing, feather; leaf;
Round, circular, globular, spherical;circle,
circumference; orbit; ball, globe, sphere, orb. the pn or betel-leaf; the tree Butea
frondosa (syn. puls):parsi (a+asi),
S pari-manalat, s.f. = s.m. A species of basil with small
S pari-manalatva, leaves, Ocymum Sanctum:para-l, s.f.
s.m. Roundness, rotundity, circularity. 'Leaf-hut,' an arbour or hut made of leaves and
S pari-manalatva, s.m. = grass; hermitage:par-lat, s.f. The betel
plant:par-ml, s.m. The plant Averrhoa
S pari-manalat, carambola (syn. kamrang):par-nar, s.m.
s.f. Roundness, rotundity, circularity. 'Man of leaves,' an effigy stuffed with leaves, or
S pra-moak, adj. & s.m. the figure of a man made of leaves and burnt in
Liberating, setting free;liberator. place of a lost corpse:paroaj (a+u),
s.m. 'Leaf-hut,' an anchorite's hut or cottage, a
S pra-moan, s.m. Liberating,
hermitage:para-vall, s.f. The tree Butea
setting free, releasing, discharging. frondosa.
S pra-moan, s.f. A species of S pra-d, s.m. Loud sound,
cucumber. clangour, noise, shout, cry; roar; bray; neighing;
S pra-mod, s.m. Excessive joy, an exclamation of delight or approbation; a
delight, pleasure, gladness, hilarity, happiness.

548
noise or buzzing in the ear (from thickening of H parnnau, =
the membranes).
H parnn, [S. +,
S pra-, s.m. Vanishing,
disappearance, cessation, loss; death, rt. ], v.t. 'To lead round the sacred fire,' to
destruction, perdition, decay. marry; to give in marriage.
S pra-n, adj. Causing to S pari-h, s.m. Compass,
disappear or cease, removing, destroying. circumference, extent, width, breadth.
S pra-l, s.m. = S pra-ipt, s.m. Falling at the
H parnl, s.m. = feet (of), prostration, humble submission (to);
salutation, reverence, obeisance.
S pra-l, s.f. Channel for water,
S pra-ipatan, s.m. Throwing
watercourse, conduit, drain, gutter.
oneself down at the feet (of anyone),
H parnl, s.m. = prostration, doing homage (to), saluting.
S pra-l, s.m. = S pra-ata, part. Bent forwards;
S pra-l, s.f. Channel for water, bowed, bowing (to), humble, obeisant,
watercourse, conduit, drain, gutter. courteous, reverential:praat-pl, adj.
Nourishing or cherishing the obeisant or the
S pra-l, s.f. = S pra- humble.
l, s.m. = H parnl, S pra-ati, s.f. Bending, bowing,
s.m. Channel for water, watercourse, conduit, inclination, obeisance, salutation, reverence,
drain, gutter. courtesy.
S pra-lik, s.f.=pra-l, S parantu, conj. But, yet, still,
q.v.;a tubular vessel of the body. however, moreover, nevertheless, on the other
S pari-m, s.m. Change, hand, also, afterwards (=par).
alteration, transformation; digestion; ripeness, H parantra [S. + ], adj.
maturity, fulness; result, consequence, issue, Dependent upon another, subservient, obedient.
effect, event; end, close, termination, last stage S puranjar, s.m. The armpit.
or state: parim, or parim-me, adv. In the
end, lastly, finally, at last, afterwards; at the S pura-jan (pura,
close of life:parim-dar, adj. & s.m. for pur+jana), s.m. The living principle, life,
Looking forward to the issue or consequences the soul (personified as a king).
(of any act or event), prepared for a change, S pura-jan, s.f.
forecasting, provident, prudent;a prudent or Understanding, intelligence, intellect
provident person, &c. (personified as the wife of a king).
S pra-m, vulg. parm, s.m. S pura-jay, s.m. 'City-
Bending, bowing; a bow; respectful or conqueror,' name of several ancient Hind
reverential salutation, prostration, obeisance personages.
(esp. to a Brhma or to a deity):pram P parand, vulg. parind [par, q.v.+and =
karn (-ko), To make an obeisance (to), to Zend a = S. ant], part. adj. Winged,
salute. &c.=paranda, q.v.;s.m. A winged creature; a
H parnm, s.m. (Poet.)=pram. bird; an insect; an ornamental hair-tie:parind
S pra-m, adj. & s.m. Bending, ho-jn, v.n. To fly like a bird, to move with
great rapidity.
bowing before, saluting, honouring,
worshipping, prostrating oneself;a S puran-dar (puran for pur+dara),
worshipper, &c. s.m. 'Fortress - destroyer,' an epithet of Indra; a
H par-nn [S. +P. nn = thief, house-breaker;a species of
pepper, Piper chaba.
S. ?], s.m. Maternal great-grandfather: P paranda, vulg. parinda, part. Winged;
par-nn, s.f. Maternal great-grand mother. flying, fleet;s.m. A bird, &c.=parand, q.v.
H parnn, = S pra-i-dhn, s.m.
H parnnau, [S. +, Application, employment, use; access, entrance;
respectful conduct (towards), attention, regard;
rt. ], v.t. 'To lead round the sacred fire,' to profound religious meditation; great effort,
marry; to give in marriage. stress, energy; prayer, entreaty, supplication.

549
H pran (see praavn), v.t. To husband:pra-ayin, s.f. A female friend; a
make obeisance to, to salute reverentially. mistress, wife.
S pra-av, = S pra- H paru, s.m. See paru
avak, s.m. The mystical or sacred syllable Om. S parva, vulg. parv, s.m. A knot; a
S pra-avak, = S pra- festival; &c.=parb, parab, q.v.:parv-sandhi,
s.m. A joint, knuckle;the junction of the
av, s.m. The mystical or sacred syllable Om.
fifteenth and the first of a lunar fortnight, the
H praavn [S. +n = precise moment of the full and change of the
S. ], v.n. To bend or bow down before, moon:parv-kr, s.m. One who works on
make obeisance to, to salute reverentially. holidays; a Brhma who for the sake of gain
performs on ordinary days such ceremonies as
H pari-wr, s.m.=pari-vr, q.v. should be performed only on festivals:parv-
S paroaj (para+uaja), s.m. gm, s.m. One who has intercourse with his
See s.v. para. wife on festivals or holidays:parva-yog, s.m.
P pur-nr, adj. See s.v. pur, 'full.' A conjunction of parva, q.v.
H parn [S. +, rt. ], s.f. S puru, s.m. The pollen or farina of a
(Old H.), A bride; a maiden. flower (=parg);name of a prince, the sixth
monarch of the lunar race; name of a river (said
S par, s.f. An aquatic plant, Pistia to run a little to the north-west of the
stratiotes; the leaf of the assaftida (?); the Sarasvat):pur-ravas, s.m. Name of a
tree Butea frondosa. celebrated prince of the lunar race, hero of
S pari-ay, s.m. 'Leading the bride the Vikramorva (the son of Budha).
round the sacred fire,' marriage. S puro, adv.=puras, q.v.
H pra [S. ], adj. Under a vow; H purva, s.m.=prva, q.v.
resolute. P parw, s.f. Care, concern, anxiety,
S pra-ay, s.m. Confidence, vexation; fear, terror; inclination, desire,
familiarity, trust, intimacy; friendly affection, concupiscence; want, need; rest,
acquaintance, confidential relationship, fond quiet.
regard, fondness, affection, love, friendship, H pariw [S. ], s.f. The first
favour, kindness; affectionate solicitation, day of a lunar fortnight, the first day of the
request, asking, begging; reverence, obeisance; moon's increase or wane.
final emancipation or beatitude:praay- H , purw,
vn, praay-vant, adj. Possessing candour,
acting frankly or openly, free from constraint, vulg. parw [S. +
], s.f. Easterly wind.
unceremonious, frank, open; confident; H puruw, purw [S. +],
possessing affection, attached (to), feeling an
s.m. (Prov.) A village, town (=pur).
attraction (towards), loving (=praay).
S pra-vp, s.m. One who sows
H puraniy [S. +], adj. &
seed, a sower.
s.m. Old, ancient;an old man, an elder; a
patron. S pra-vak, adj. Declaratory,
P parniyn, s.m. A kind of fine painted explanatory, significant, technical (term).
silk (from China); garments made of this silk. S pari-vd, s.m. Abuse, reproach,
S pra-t, part. adj. Accomplished, reproof, censure, detraction, stigma, slander,
performed, executed, finished, made, done, calumny; charge, accusation.
constructed; prepared, dressed, cooked; written, S pra-vd, s.m. Speaking, discourse,
composed, compiled; thrown, cast, discharged, conversation; a saying, popular talk, rumour,
sent; entered, approached; proper, fit. report; a proverb; a fable, myth; litigious
S pari-ayan, s.m.=pari-ay, q.v. language.
S pra-ay, adj. & s.m. (f. -in). S pari-vdak, =
Feeling attracted (towards), attached (to), S pari-vd, adj. & s.m.
affectionate, loving, kind; liking, wishing or Speaking ill (of), reviling, abusing, blaming,
longing (for), desirous (of); beloved, dear; reproaching, slandering;an accuser, plaintiff,
intimate, familiar; confident; affable, kind;an prosecutor; reprover; reviler, calumniator.
affectionate friend, favourite; a lover,

550
S pari-vd, = P parwnag, vulg. parwng, s.f.
Command, order; permission, leave (=ijzat,
S pari-vdak, adj. & s.m. q.v.).
Speaking ill (of), reviling, abusing, blaming, P parwna [old P. framna; S. ],
reproaching, slandering;an accuser, plaintiff,
s.m. Warrant, authority, sanction (in writing),
prosecutor; reprover; reviler, calumniator.
order, pass, passport; written precept or
S pari-vr, vulg. parwr, command; letters patent, license, grant; an order
s.m. Surroundings, train, suite, retinue, of appointment; a vernacular letter addressed to
followers, attendants, dependants, subjects; a subordinate officer:parwna-i-talsh, s.m.
family, household, friends, relations, kindred: Search-warrant:parwna-i-ifzat-i-t-i-
parivr-vn, parivr-vant, adj. & s.m. Having , s.m. Writ of protection of the person:
numerous followers or attendants;one who parwna-i-rh-dr, s.m. Passport, safe-
has a great retinue. conduct:parwna likhn (-ko, or -ke wste),
S parivrat, s.f. = To give an order (to); to grant a warrant or
S pari-vratva, license:parwna-navs, s.m. A writer of
vernacular orders.
s.m. Subjection, dependence. P parwna, s.m. A moth; a butterfly;
S pari-vratva, s.m. = (poet.) a lover:parwna hon (-k), To be
S parivrat, s.f. Subjection, desperately in love (with), be an ardent lover
(of).
dependence. H parwn, s.f. corr. of parwnag, q.v.
S pra-vra, s.m. Prohibition, H parwh, s.f.=parw, q.v.
objection, opposition; a desirable gift. S pari-vh, s.m. Overflowing,
H pari-vru, parwru, overflow, inundation; watercourse, drain.
s.m.=pariwr, q.v. S pra-vh,
P parwz [par 'wing,' q.v.+rt. Z. ta =
S. ta], s.m.f. Flying, flight:parwz karn, vulg. parwh, pariwan, s.m. Stream,
v.n. To fly:parwz-kunn, adj. Flying, on the current, flow, flux, course; running water;
wing. continuous flow or passage; anything moving
P parwz, s.f. (in comp.)=parwz. forward like a stream; current of human affairs;
S pari-vs, s.m. Abiding; abode, course of action; usage, custom, activity; life,
occupation; a drove of cattle; a pond; a
residence, stay, sojourn. beautiful or swift horse.
S pra-vs, s.m. Living abroad, S pra-vhak, adj. & s.m.
&c.=prabs, q.v. Carrying forwards, carrying off, bearing or
S pra-vsat, adj. Dwelling carrying well;one who carries well;
abroad, being absent from home. a Rkshas, imp, demon, goblin.
S pra-vsan, s.m. Sending away S pra-vhik, s.f. A sudden
from home, exile, banishment; dwelling abroad, desire to evacuate, diarrha.
sojourning, lodging; killing, slaying. P parw`, adj. & s.m. Standing in need
S pra-vs, adj. & s.m. Dwelling of, having occasion for, necessitated;one who
stands in need of, &c.
abroad, &c.=prabs, q.v.
H purw`, parw`, s.f.=purw,
H parwl [S. + or ], s.m.
q.v.
A disease of the eyelids in which the eyelashes
fall off, and new, crooked hairs come out; a S pra-vi-bhg, s.m. Division,
stye. separation, part, portion, share.
H parwn [S. ], adj. S pra-vi-bhakt, part. Sundered,
Authentic, true, &c. (see pram);s.m. The separated; divided, distributed, partitioned,
yard (of a sail):parwn ahn, v.n. To grow apportioned, shared.
up, grow, increase, thrive, prosper, flourish; to S paropade, =
be married (a phrase peculiar to women).
S paropakr, See
H purwn, v.t. To cause to fill; to
s.v. para, par.
get (a vessel, &c.) filled, to make full (=purn,
S paropakr, =
q.v.).
P parwna-jt (irr. A. pl. of parwna), S paropade, See
s.m. Orders, royal grants; passes, licenses. s.v. para, par.

551
S parvat, s.m. Mountain, mountain- S pra-vaan, s.m. Declaring;
range, hill, height, elevation, rock; a kind of announcement; teaching, expounding,
vegetable or pot-herb; a species of fish (see exposition, explication, interpretation.
next):parvatray(ta+), adj. & s.m. H purodh, = S puro-
Living in the mountains;a mountaineer:
parvat-re, s.f. A range or chain of dh, = S puro-dhs, =
mountains:parvat-kk, s.m. A raven: S puro-dhas, s.m. Family priest,
parvat-vs, adj. & s.m.=parvatray, q.v. &c.=puro-hit, q.v.
S parvit, parvat, s.m. A species of S puro-dh, =
fish, Silurus pabda.
H purodh, =
H purot, s.m. Great-grandson-
S puro-dhs, =
parpot, q.v.
H purot, parot, s.m. S puro-dhas, s.m. Family priest,
Presents (of flour, sugar, turmeric, &c.) given at &c.=puro-hit, q.v.
marriages to the barber, laundress, &c. S puro-dhs, =
S protsh (pra+ut+sha), s.m. H purodh, = S puro-
Great exertion or effort; great zeal, ardour;
dh, = S puro-dhas, s.m. Family
stimulus, incitement.
priest, &c.=puro-hit, q.v.
S protshit, part. Incited,
S puro-dhas, =
instigated, stimulated, encouraged.
S protshak, s.m. Instigator, H purodh, = S puro-
inciter, exhorter, (in Law) the instigator of any dh, = S puro-dhs, s.m.
crime:protshik, s.f. A female instigator. Family priest, &c.=puro-hit, q.v.
S protshan, s.m. The act of S puro-dhik, s.f. A favourite
inspiriting or inciting, instigation, stimulating to wife
bold and vigorous effort. S prauh, adj. See prauh.
H paraut, s.f.=pat, q.v. P parwar [fr. par-vardan; Zend fra+rt. var;
H parvat, s.f. = S. pra var, fr. vri], act. & pass. part. Nourisher,
cherisher, supporter, protector, patron;
H parvatiy,
nourished, cherished, reared, brought up,
s.m. [S. + and ; but cf. the next], A educated (=parwarda;used as the last
kind of pumpkin. member of comp., e.g. banda-parwar, s.m.
H parvatiy, s.m. = Cherisher of servants, or of your slave; patron;
my lord:garb-parwar, s.m. Cherisher of the
H parvat, poor:sya-parwar, adj. Nurtured in the
s.f. [S. + and ; but cf. the next], A shade, delicately nurtured, &c.; see s.v.).
kind of pumpkin. H parwar, s.m.=palwal, q.v.
H parvatiy, = S pra-var, s.m. One of the forty-
S parvatya, adj. & s.m. Relating nine gotras or families (as opp. to the eight
original gotras); a member of a line of
or belonging to a mountain, of a mountain;
ancestors, an ancestor; a muni who contributes
mountainous, hilly;a mountaineer.
to the credit of a particular gotra or family;
S parvatya, = family, race, lineage, kindred, offspring,
H parvatiy, adj. & s.m. Relating descendants;adj. Most excellent, chief,
or belonging to a mountain, of a mountain; principal, best; distinguished, exalted, eminent.
mountainous, hilly;a mountaineer. S pra-vir, s.m. A species of fragrant
H purwa, s.m. A large leathern bag wood, yellow sandal.
or bucket for drawing water from wells S pari-vrjak, s.m. A
(see pur & paroh). wandering religious mendicant.
H piroj [S. , ; P. ], S pari-varta, s.m. Revolving,
s.m. A turquoise. revolution (of a planet, &c.); a period of time;
H parojan, s.m.=prayojan, q.v. lapse or expiration of time, end of the period of
four ages; destruction of the world; going or

552
turning back, flight, retreat, desertion; Cherisher, the Provider, Providence, an epithet
transmigration; change, exchange, barter; of the Deity.
return, requital, recompense, reciprocity. P parwardan, adj. To be fostered,
S pari-vritta, part. Revolved, gone nourished, or cherished, to be educated, reared,
bred, &c.
round; turned back, returned, retired, retreated;
P parwarda (perf. part. of parwardan;
exchanged, bartered; surrounded, encompassed,
see parwar), part. adj. & s.m. Fostered,
attended.
nourished, cherished, bred, reared, brought up;
S pra-vart, s.m. Commencement, supported, fed and clothed, patronized;a
engagement; excitement, stimulus, incentive, slave; proteg.
instigation;adj. Engaged (in), undertaking; P parwarish, s.f. Fostering, rearing,
appointed; ready, determined. breeding, patronizing; nourishment, nutrition;
S pra-vritta, part. Settled, fixed, maintenance, support, protection, nurture,
determined; done; begun, commenced; engaged education; patronage:parwarish karn, v.t.
To nourish, cherish, foster, maintain, support,
(in, -me), occupied (with); beginning,
protect, patronize, nurse, educate, bring up,
undertaking, doing, acting.
rear.
S pra-vritti, s.f. Continuous flow P parwaranda,
onwards, progress, advance; stream, current; vulg. parwarinda [parwar, q.v.+Zend a =
rise, source, origin, beginning; activity, effort, S. ant], adj. & s.m. Cherishing, &c.;
employment, occupation; active life (as opp. to cherisher, &c.
a life of contemplation); giving or applying S pur-ravas, s.m. See
oneself (to, -me), engaging (in), undertaking;
s.v. puru.
tendency (to), addiction (to), inclination,
P parwar, s.m. One who educates;s.f.
predilection (for); application, use,
Cherishing, nourishing, &c.; education (used in
employment; continued application,
comp.).
perseverance; practice, conduct, behaviour;
currency, continuance, continuity; the H prauh (S. prauha), adj. Grown
applicableness or validity of a rule; news, up, full-grown; mature, adult, old; married;
tidings, intelligence; the juice that exudes from conndent, bold, arrogant, audacious; able,
the temples of an elephant in rut; name of any clever.
holy place; (in Gram.) the crude form (of a H prauhi (S. prauhi), s.f. Growth,
word); (in Arith.) the multiplier:pravritti increase; maturity, full development; sense of
karn (-me), To enter (upon), engage (in), power, self-confidence; arrogance, audacity,
undertake (an enterprise), &c. boldness; zeal, enterprise, exertion;
S pari-vartit, part. Turned investigation, discussion, controversy.
round, revolved; returned, retreated; taken, or H prauh,
put on, in a wrong direction; exchanged. vulg. prauah (S. prauh), s.f. A married
S pra-vartak, adj. & s.m. Setting woman from thirty to thirty-five years of age; a
in motion or action, setting on foot; inducing, violent or impetuous woman.
inciting, prompting, instigating, stimulating, H prauhat, s.f. =
urging;original instigator (of), originator,
causer, author, principal, founder; arbiter, H prauhatva, s.m. Strength,
judge; (in dramatic language) the entrance of a confidence; arrogance, &c. (see pauh`).
character on the stage. H prauhatva, s.m. =
S pari-vartan, s.m. Change, H prauhat, s.f. Strength,
exchange, barter; return, requital.
confidence; arrogance, &c. (see pauh`).
S pari-vart, adj. Moving round,
H paros [S. +, or ], s.m.
revolving; retreating, flying; exchanging;
Neighbourhood, vicinity (com. written paos).
requiting, recompensing.
H par-vas, adj.=par-va, par-bas,
S pari-vrajy, s.f. Strolling,
q.v.s.v. para, par.
wandering about from place to place; leading
the life of a religious mendicant, ascetic H paros [S. + ], s.m. A dish
devotion, abandonment of the world. of food sent to a neighbour or friend, or laid
P parward, contrac. of parwarda, q.v. before a guest; a portion of food.
(used in comp.). H parwast. s.f. corr.
P parwarda-gr,
of parwarish, q.v.
vulg. parwardigr (parwarda+kr), s.m. The

553
H parosin, parosan [S. perfect tense:paroksh-vidhi, s.m. The mild or
exhortative form of the imperative mood.
, fem. of prati-vs], s.f. A female
S prokshit, part. Sprinkled,
neighbour (see paros).
purified by sprinkling; offered in sacrifice;
S pra-vasan, s.m. Going abroad, immolated, slaughtered, killed.
setting out on a journey; sojourning in a foreign S proksha, s.m. The act of
country.
sprinkling with water (esp. for purification),
H parosn [S. ], v.t. consecration by sprinkling; immolation of
To place food before a guest; to distribute food victims, killing (animals in sacrifice); a text to
to guests, to serve up dinner, &c. be repeated when an animal is sacrificed.
H paros [S. ], s.m. S pra-vikhyti, s.f. Fame,
Neighbour (usually writnen paos, q.v.). renown, reputation, celebrity.
H parosiy, parosaiy ( H porwal, s.m.=palwal, q.v.
S. +], s.m. One who places food H piron (prov.), paron, purond (i.
before the household or guests, a distributor of q. purwn = purn, q.v.), v.t. To pierce,
victuals to guests &c., a waiter (see parosn). transfix, thrust in, penetrate; to spit, fix on a spit
H paro, s.m.=paros, paos, qq.v. or skewer; to string (pearls, &c.); to thread (a
needle, &c.); to file (papers).
S para-va, adj. See s.v. para, par.
H puravn, puron, v.t. To
S proshit, part. adj. Sojourning fill=purn, q.v.
abroad or in a foreign country; away from S pra-vanit, part. Imposed
home, absent, abroad:proshit-bhartrik, s.f.
upon, deceived, cheated.
A woman whose husband is abroad.
S pra-vanak, adj. & s.m.
S pari-vish, part. Surrounded,
Imposing upon, deceitful, fraudulent,
enclosed.
treacherous;impostor, cheat, &c.
S pra-vish part. Entered (into),
S pra-vanan, s.f.
gone (into), come (into); entered (upon), begun,
Imposition, imposture, deceit, fraud, treachery.
commenced, engaged (in), occupied (with).
S parvaik, s.f. A disease of the
S proshha, proshh, s.m.f. A bench,
eye, specks (attended with pain) on the edge of
stool; a kind of carp, Cyprinus pausius:
the cornea of the eye.
proshtha-pad, s.m. The
month Bhdra or Bhdo (Aug.-Sept.): S parva, parvi, s.f. A
proshha-pad, s.f. 'The foot of a stool'; name festival.
of the twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh asterism S pra-vah, s.m. Wind, air; one of the
(containing the stars in the wing of Pegasus): seven vyus or winds; an epithet of Indra.
praushha-pad, s.f. The full moon in Bhdo.
H paroh [S. ], s.m. A large
H parosh, =
leathern bag or bucket for drawing water with
S parosh, s.f. A cockroach. (=purva).
S parosh, = S purohit, and H. prohit,
H parosh, s.f. A cockroach. vulg. pirohit, parohit, s.m. A family priest, a
king's domestic chaplain, a priest who conducts
S prokta, prokt, part. Announced, all the ceremonials and sacrifices of a family.
declared, laid down (as a rule or axiom), said, H purohitn,
told, uttered. vulg. pirohitn, s.f. The wife of a family priest.
S pra-vakt, s.m. One who speaks H purohit`,
or declares, speaker, declarer, announcer,
informer; propounder, teacher, expounder. vulg. pirohit` = H purohit,
S paroksh (paras+aksha), adj. & vulg. pirohit s.f. The office or functions of a
family priest; the fees of the officiating priest.
s.m. Beyond the range of sight, out of sight,
invisible, imperceptible, hidden; absent; past; H purohit, vulg. pirohit =
an ascetic, religious hermit;invisibility; H purohit`,
absence; secrecy; (in Gram.) past time or vulg.pirohit` s.f. The office or functions of a
tense;adv. Out of sight; in the absence (of); family priest; the fees of the officiating priest.
behind one's back:paroksh-bht, s.m. The

554
H parohan [S. ], s.m. S pari-veshan, s.m. =pari-
Carriage, vehicle; means or instruments of vesha, q.v.
transportation. S pari-vesha, s.m.
S pra-vahan, s.m. The act of Surrounding, enclosing; circumference; halo
flowing; a covered carriage; a litter or carriage (round the sun or moon);attendance, waiting
for women (see parohan). (upon), distributing food, serving up meals.
H parohn (see paroh), v.t. To S pra-veak, adj. & s.m. Going
draw water with a paroh or leathern bucket for (into), entering, penetrating;entry; an
the purpose of irrigation, to irrigate. interlude.
H purwaiy, s.f. Easterly wind S pra-vean, s.m. Entering (into);
(=purw, q.v.). entrance (to a house, &c.), principal door or
S pari-vydh, s.m. A species gate.
of reed, Calamus fasciculatus; a species of S pra-ve, adj.=pra-veak, q.v.
tree, Pterospermum acerifolium. S pra-vekshit, part. Foreseen,
S pra-ve, s.m. Barley. anticipated.
S pari-vedan, s.m. Complete or S pra-veksha, s.m. Foreseeing;
accurate knowledge; discussion; anguish, pain, foresight.
misery; the marrying of a younger brother S pra-vekshyat, adj.
before the elder; marriage.
Foreseeing, anticipating.
S pari-vedan, s.f. Shrewdness,
S pra-vel, s.m. A yellow variety of
wit; prudence, foresight, caution; anguish, &c.
the kidney bean, Phaseolus mungo.
(=parivedan).
P parvn, s.m. The Pleiades.
S pra-vr, adj. & s.m. Heroic, brave,
S pra-v, adj. & s.m. Intelligent,
strong, powerful; best, most excellent;a hero,
skilful, knowing, clever, proticient, excellent,
warrior, chief, prince, a person of rank or
accomplished, conversant (with);an able
distinction.
person, an adept, &c.
H praves, parves, =
S pra-vat, s.f. =
S pra-ve; vulg. parve, s.m.
S pra-vatva, s.m. Skill,
Entering (into); entrance, ingress, penetrating,
cleverness, proficiency, sagaciousness,
penetration; admission, access (syn. dal); a
acuteness, shrewdness, ability.
religious ceremony performed previous to
entering a new house, &c.; intentness (on an S pra-vatva, s.m. =
object), engaging closely (in a pursuit or S pra-vat, s.f. Skill,
purpose):prave karn (-me), To find cleverness, proficiency, sagaciousness,
entrance (into), to enter (into), &c. acuteness, shrewdness, ability.
S pra-ve; vulg. parve, = S pra-vei, pra-ve, s.f. A
H praves, parves, s.m. braid of hair; the hair twisted and unadorned (as
Entering (into); entrance, ingress, penetrating, worn by widows, and by wives in the absence
penetration; admission, access (syn. dal); a of their husbands).
religious ceremony performed previous to P parra, para, s.m. A line (of soldiers, &c.),
entering a new house, &c.; intentness (on an see par;troops, &c. forming a circle to
object), engaging closely (in a pursuit or surround game;edge, border, side, margin,
purpose):prave karn (-me), To find extremity; the bolt of a lock, or of a door:
entrance (into), to enter (into), &c. para-bdhn, v.n. To form line, to arrange in
S pari-vesh, s.m. One who battle order; to form a circle to surround game.
serves up meals, waiter, carver. S pari-hr, s.m. Repelling (a
S pari-veshit, part. charge), confutation; seizing, keeping back;
contempt, disrespect, disregard.
Surrounded, enclosed, encompassed; covered,
veiled. S pra-hr, s.m. Striking, hitting,
S pari-veshri, s.m.=pari-vesh, pecking, wounding, killing; stroke, blow,
thump, slap, knock, kick, shot, throw:prahr
q.v. karn, v.t. To strike, smite, &c.

555
S pra-hrit, part. Knocked; shot S pra-hara, s.m. Striking,
off, discharged (as a missile). beating; pecking; biting; casting, throwing;
S pra-hrak, adj. & s.m. Striking, attacking, assailing;war, battle; a covered car,
smiting, beating, attacking, assailing, killing; litter; the box of a carriage:prahara-kalik,
striker, smiter, fighter, warrior, hero; destroyer, s.f. A species of the sarkar metre.
murderer; debaser, humbler. H pariharn (see pari-hara),
S pra-hra, s.m. Striking, &c.; a v.t. To take away, clear off; to leave, forsake,
desirable gift. abandon, desert.
H prahrn, v.t. To strike, S pra-har, s.m. 'One who
&c.=prahr karn, q.v.s.v. prahr. announces the hours by striking a bell, beating a
gong, &c.'; a bellman, watchman, sentry,
S pra-hr, adj. & s.m.=prahrak, sentinel, patrol (=pahriy, q.v.).
q.v. S purah-sar, s.m. See s.v. puras.
S pari-hs, s.m. Jesting, joking;
S pra-hasat, adj. Laughing
mirth, merriment, jest, joke, laughter,
pleasantry, sport; derision, ridicule, mockery: heartily, laughing.
parihs-ved, s.m. Jester, wag, wit. S pra-hasan, s.m. Laughing
S pra-hs, s.m. Loud laughter; loudly, violent or hearty laughter, mirth,
hearty laugh; ridicule, derision; satire, irony; an merriment; laughing at, mocking, deriding;
actor, dancer; a name of iva. ridicule, irony, mockery; sarcasm, satire.
S pari-hsak, = S pra-hasant, s.f. Arabian
jasmine.
S pari-hs, adj. & s.m.
S pra-hld, s.m. Pleasure, joy,
Laughing at, ridiculing, joking;jester, wag,
wit. happiness; name of a pious Daitya, son
of Hiraya-kaipu, and regent of one of the
S pari-hs, = divisions of Ptl.
S pari-hsak, adj. & s.m. S pra-hldit, part. Rejoiced,
Laughing at, ridiculing, joking;jester, wag, delighted, joyous, happy.
wit. S pra-hldan, adj. & s.m.
S pra-hs, adj. Laughing aloud; Causing joy or pleasure, rejoicing,
causing laughter, diverting, joking, jesting; refreshing;one who causes joy, &c.
satirical. P parhez, s.m. [Zend fra+rt. ha,
S para-hit, adj. See s.v. para, par. for hakhsh; s. pra+sa], s.m. Abstaining (from),
keeping aloof (from), abstinence,
S pra-har, s.m. A watch, or three
abstemiousness, forbearance, continence,
hours, &c., see pahar. control of the passions, caution, sobriety,
S pra-harit, s.f. Watchfulness, temperance, moderation:parhez karn (-se),
vigilance; the office of a watchman or sentry. To abstain (from), keep aloof (from), to be on
S pra-harsh, s.m. Extreme joy, one's guard (against), to avoid; to control one's
passions or appetites, to be continent, to be
hilarity, mirth, gladness, delight, rapture, temperate; to observe a regimen:parhez-gr,
exultation. adj. & s.m. Abstinent, abstemious, temperate,
S pra-harshit, part. Greatly moderate, continent, sober, just;one who
pleased, overjoyed, rejoiced, delighted, very controls his passions, an abstemious person,
happy, merry, glad. &c.:parhez-gr, s.f. Abstinence, control of
S pra-hrisha, part.=praharshit, the passions, &c.=parhez.
P parhez, adj.=parhez-gr,
q.v. q.v.s.v. parhez;(food, &c.) that should be
S pra-harshin, s.f. A species abstained from; (food) suitable for one under a
of metre. regimen.
S pari-hara, s.m. Avoiding; S pra-helik, s.f. A puzzling
leaving, abandoning; seizing, taking; refuting, question, enigma, riddle (see pahel).
repelling (a charge), rebutting; disrespectful S pari-h, part. Waned, faded,
treatment. wasted; deserted (by); deprived (of), destitute
(of), deficient (in).

556
P par, s.f. A fairy; (fig.) a beautiful
woman:par-band, s.m. A kind of
ornament:par-paikar, par-ehr, pari-
rusr, pari-r, adj. Fairy-faced, beautiful,
angelic:par-n, s.m. One who holds the
fairies and genn in subjection, or who has them
at his call; a magician:par-n, s.f.
Calling aid from the fairies, exorcism:par-
dr, adj. & s.m. Possessed by fairies or demous;
one so possessed; one who has the fairies at his
command:par-zd, adj. & s.m. Fairy-born;
beautiful, lovely;a fairy; a beauty:par-
stn, pari-stn, s.m. Fairy-land:par-k sya,
s.m. The shadow of a fairy,' possession by an
evil spirit:par-vash, adj. Fairy-like,
beautiful.
S pare (loc. of para), adv. Beyond,
yonder, at a distance; apart, further off, away
(from, -se); on the other side (of, -ke); out of, or
beyond, the reach (of); after, afterwards; in
another world, hereafter:pare bhgn (-se),
To fly out of the reach (cf), to get away
(from):pare rahn (-se), To remain at a
distance (from); to keep aloof (from); to abstain
(from):pare ho-jn (-se), To get to a
distance (from), get away (from):dwr-ke
pare, On the other side of the wall.
S pur, s.f. City, town; abode,
habitation; palace; the body;the city
of Pur in Orissa (the head-quarters of the
worship of Jagannth).
P pur (fr. pur, q.v.), s.f. Filling, filling up,
filling in (used as last member of comp.,
e.g. na-pur, s.f. Filling up a column);
fullness, repletion; completeness, sufficiency.
S priya, adj. & s.m. (f. -) Beloved,
dear (to), valued, prized, liked, desired;
pleasing, amiable, agreeable, kind;a beloved
object, lover, husband;a species of medicinal
plant (com. called riddhi), a kind of drug:
priykhya (priya + khya), adj. Announcing
glad tidings:priya-bhshan, s.m. Speaking
kindly; kind or friendly speech:priya-bhsh,
adj. & s.m. Speaking kindly, &c.=priya-vd,
q.v.:priya-tar, adj. Dearer, more beloved:
priya-tam, adj. & s.m. Dearest, most beloved;
a beloved, darling; a favourite friend; lover,
sweetheart, husband:priya-daran, adj. &
s.m. Pleasant or grateful to the sight; good-
looking, handsome, beautiful, lovely;a
lovely-looking person; the look of a friend; a
kind of date-tree, Terminalia
tomentosa; Mimusops kauki:priya-sakh, s.m.
The tree Acacia catechu:priya-sakh, s.f. A
dear female friend or companion, a
confidante:priya-sande, s.m. A tree with
fragrant flowers, Michelia champaca:priya-
kr, priya-kr, priya-kar, adj. & s.m. Doing a
kindness (to), doing a favour, acting kindly
(towards), treating kindly; causing pleasure or
enjoyment, giving pleasure; kind, favourable,
affectionate, beneficent;a kind person,
benefactor, friend, &c.:priya-krit, adj. &
s.m.=priya-kr, q.v.:priya-mn, adj. & s.m.
Beloved, dear; affectionate, loving;a beloved
person; an affectionate person:priyam-
bhwuk (priyam, neut. of priya), part. adj. &
s.m. Become dear, beloved (by); one who has
become an object of affection:priyam-
bhvukat, s.f.=priyam-bhvukatva, s.m. The
having become dear or beloved; becoming
beloved; amiability:priya-vd, adj. & s.m.
Speaking kindly or agreeably, speaking
affectionately; sweet-spoken, pleasant-spoken;
flattering;a pleasant-spoken person; a
flatterer:priya-vaan, s.m. A word of love, or
of kindness:priya-var, s.f. A creeping
plant, Echites frutescens.
H pariy, pary, adj. Fairy-like, &c.=par-
zd, q.v.
S priy, adj. f. See priya;s.f. A
beloved woman, favourite, darling, dear,
sweetheart, mistress, wife;priy-vn, priy-
vat, adj. Having a mistress or sweetheart; being
in love (with), enamoured (of).
H priy [S. ], s.m. Love; service,
kindness, favour; what is pleasing (to), will,
pleasure:priy karn (-k), To do the will or
pleasure (of).
H paryj, s.m. corr. of par-dd,
q.v.
S pra-ys, s.m. Effort, exertion,
labour, pains, endeavour; desire (for); pursuit
(of).
H prays [the preceding+S.
aff. , nom. ], adj. Energetic, laborious,
diligent, industrious, persevering.
H prayit, s.m.=pr-yait,
q.v.s.v. prya.
S priykhya, adj. See s.v. priya.
S pra-yg, vulg. prg, s.m.
'Sacrifice, oblation'; 'the place of sacrifice';
name of a celebrated place of pilgrimage
(commonly called Allahabad) at the confluence
of the Ganges and Jamna with the supposed
subterranean Sarasvat (whence the other
name tri-ve, 'the three streams.' Prayg, in
composition, is applied to other sacred places
situated at the confluence of two rivers,
e.g. deva-prayg, rudra-prayg, kara-
prayg, nanda-prayg, in the Himalaya
mountains):prayg-rj, s.m. An epithet
of Prayg:prayg-wl, s.m. A Hindoo priest
of Prayg.
557
S priyl, vulg. piyl, s.m. The the year of his demise;obsequial ceremonies
in honour of the dead or of deceased
tree Buchanania latifolia.
ancestors:pret-karm, s.m., pret-krya,
S pra-ya, pray, s.m. Setting s.m., pret-kriy (vulg. paret-kiry), s.f.=pret-
out, departing, departure, starting (on a raddh, q.v.:pret-griha, s.m. 'House of the
journey); going forth, going to a distance, dead,' burying-ground, cemetery:pret-lok,
journey, march; invasion, attack; death: s.m. The world of the dead, the region of
pray-kl, s.m. Time of departure; time of disembodied spirits (in which they remain for
death; death. one year, or until the obsequial rites are
S paryya, paryy, s.m. Revolution, completed):pret-nad, s.f. The river of the
passing away (of time), course, lapse, dead, the river of hell:pret-nivs, s.m.=pret-
expiration; regular recurrence, repetition; griha, q.v.:pret-yoni, s.m.=pret-lok, q.v.
succession, turn; regular order, arrangement, S pra-yut, s.m. A million.
methodical disposition, method; a convertible H paret [S. +], s.m. A large
term, synonym; a list of synonyms; way,
manner, mode, method of proceeding; property, reel (=part).
quality; opportunity, occasion. S prt, s.f. A female friend, &c.
S prta, prt, part. Pleased, delighted, (see prt).
gladdened, satistied; joyful, happy; beloved, S priyat, s.f. Dearness, the being
loved, dear; gracious, kind, affectionate. dear or beloved; the being fond of, affection,
S prti, & H. prt, s.f. Pleasure, love.
joy, delight, gladness, happiness; enjoyment, S priya-tam;
gratification, satisfaction; graciousness, grace, H. prtam (superl. of priya), adj. & s.m.
favour, kindness; friendliness, friendship,
Most beloved, dearest;a favourite, friend,
liking, fondness (for), amity, regard, harmony,
beloved, lover, sweetheart, husband (=ptam).
affection, love;love personified as the wife
of Km-dev; name of the second nakshatra: S pra-yatna, pra-yatn, vulg. paryatn,
prti-bhv, s.m. Graciousness, courteousness: s.m. Persevering effort, continued exertion or
prti-patra, s.m. A love-letter:prti-prvak, endeavour; activity, action, attempt, active
adv. Through favour or kind regard; in an effort:prayatn karn, v.n. To make an effort,
affectionate manner, kindly, graciously, to attempt, to endeavour:prayatn-wn, adj. &
affectionately:prt jon (-se) = prt karn, s.m. Assiduous, persevering, enterprising,
q.v.:prti-dn, prti-dya, s.m. 'Gift of love,' a active, energetic, zealous;one who
present made from love or affection, a kind or endeavours or makes effort, one who directs his
friendly present, token of affection:prt whole attention and care (to).
rakhn (-se) = prt karn, q.v.:prti- H paretn (see paret), v.t. To
krak, prti-kr, prti-kar, adj. Causing wind, to reel (thread or yarn).
pleasure; inspiring love or affection, pleasing,
agreeable: friendly, kind, affectionate:prti H pretn (fem. of pret), s.f. A
karn (-se, or -ke sang), To show affection female ghost, demon or evil spirit.
(for), to make friends (with), to love:prt H paret, s.f. A small reel (dim.
lagn (-se) = prti karn, q.v.:prti-mn, adj. of paret, q.v.).
Having love or affection (for), loving, fond, H pare, parai (corr. of the English), s.m.
affectionate, kind, friendly, charitable:prti- A parade (of troops); parade-ground.
vn, priti-yukt, vulg. prti-yut, adj.=prti-mn,
q.v. S paryaan, s.m. Wandering about,
S pret, vulg. paret, s.m. lit. 'Departed, roaming, peregrination, travelling.
deceased, dead'; the spirit of a deceased person, H pirj, s.m. A saucer=piri, q.v.
departed spirit; the spirit before obsequial rites H parh, s.f.=parksh, q.v.
are performed; ghost, goblin, sprite, evil spirit,
H parhak, s.m.=parkshak,
fiend:pret-paksh, s.m. 'Half month of the
departed, i.e. of the manes'; the dark half of the q.v.
month (properly of the Gaua Avin, so called P par-n, s.m. See s.v. par for
as peculiarly appointed for the celebration of compounds of which par is the first member.
obsequial rites to the pitris or manes):pret- H par-d, s.m.=pari-d, q.v.
jon, s.f.=pret-yoni, pret-lok, q.v.:pret- S priya-daran, adj. & s.m.
rddh, vulg. paret-ardh, s.m. Obsequial
ceremonies offered to a departed relative during See s.v. priya for compounds having that word
for the first member.

558
P pardan [fr. par 'wing,' q.v.], s.m. dishevel, toss, disorder, derange; to worry,
Flying, soaring on the wing (used in comp.). harass:pareshn kahn (-se), To talk
P parda, perf. part. (of pardan), Flown, distractedly or foolishly:pareshn-go`, s.f.
taken wing. Confused or absurd talk:pareshn-nazar, s.f.
S par-dhv (for pari-dhv), Confusion of sight.
s.m. The forty-first year of the Indian cycle, or P pareshn, s.f. Dispersion, scattering,
of the sixty-years' cycle of Jupiter. confusion, disorder, derangement, perplexity,
bewilderment, perturbation, distraction;
S prerit, part. adj. & s.m. Urged, distress, embarrassment, trouble, misery.
incited, impelled; sent, directed, despatched; H parevan, s.m. A
envoy, messenger; apostle, missionary.
kind of medicinal herb which grows on brick
S prerak, adj. & s.m. Urging, walls during the rains.
impelling, inciting; directing, ordering; sending, S preshit, part. Sent away; sent,
despatching;one who incites, &c.; inciter;
sender. despatched (on an errand); ordered, directed
(=prerit).
S prera, s.m. =
S prera, s.f. Urging, inciting; S preshha, preshh (superl. of
sending, despatching, directing, ordering; priya), adj. Dearest, very dear, most beloved;
instigation, impulse, passion; direction, most agreeable, most desired.
injunction, order, command; (in Gram.) a causal
verb:prerarthak (preraa+arthak), adj. S preshh, s.f. Mistress,
Having the sense of inciting, or of the causal
sweetheart, wife.
verb;prerarthak kriy, s.f. the causal verb.
S prera, s.f. =
H pra-yait, s.m.=pryait,
S prera, s.m. Urging, inciting; q.v.s.v. pryas.
sending, despatching, directing, ordering;
instigation, impulse, passion; direction, S pursh, s.f. Epithet of a
injunction, order, command; (in Gram.) a causal
particular religious observance.
verb:prerarthak (preraa+arthak), adj.
Having the sense of inciting, or of the causal
verb;prerarthak kriy, s.f. the causal verb. S preshya, part. adj. & s.m. To be
S prerayit, s.m. One who urges; sent or despatched, proper to be sent;a
messenger, servant.
instigator; sender; director, commander.
H pares, corr. of par-des, S priyak, s.m. A kind of variegated
q.v.s.v. para, par. or spotted deer; a kind of bird; a bee; the plants
H pres (from the English), s.m. A printing- Nauclea cadamba and Terminalia tomentosa.
press; printing office.
S pursh, s.m. Refuse, rubbish; the S pra-yukt, part. Joined (to),
remains of food (left in a pot); fces, harnessed, yoked; used, employed; applied;
excrement, ordure: associated or connected (with); endowed (with),
purshotsarg (pursha+utsarga), s.m. The possessing (as an attribute); compact, closely
voiding of excrement. united, dense; produced (by), arising (from),
P pareshn, vulg. parshn [act. part. occasioned (by), in consequence (of), owing
of pareshdan; Zend and S. vi+ri], adj. (to).
Dispersed, scattered; disordered, confused;
dishevelled, tossed (as hair); amazed, distracted,
perplexed, bewildered, deranged; troubled, S parksh (pari+ksh), s.f.
distressed, wretched; ruined:pareshn-l, Investigation, examination, experiment, test,
adj. Distressed in condition, embarrassed: trial, proof;discrimination, judgment,
pareshn-l, s.f. Distress of condition, penetration; trial by ordeal of various kinds:
embarrassment:pareshn-tir, adj. parksh-rp, adj. Experimental:parksh
Distressed or troubled in mind;pareshn- karn (-k), To make trial (of), to examine, test,
tir, s.f. Trouble of mind, distraction: &c.:parksh-yukt, adj. Connected with
proof, &c.: parksh-yukti, s.f. An arrangement
pareshn-dil, adj.=pareshn-tir, q.v.:
for proof, &c.
pareshn karn, v.t. To perplex, confuse,
confound, bewilder, perturb, distract; to

559
S preksh, s.f. Looking at, prem-bhakt, adj. Devoted to the exercise of
love:prem-para, adj. & s.m. Intent on love,
beholding, observing, seeing, regarding; sight,
filled with affection, affectionate, loving,
view, look, aspect; any public show or
constant;one who is constant in love, &c.:
spectacle, a sight; a play, dancing; conception,
prem-ras, s.m. The quality or the essence of
understanding, intellect; circumspection,
love:prem rakhn (-ke sth), To be in love
consideration.
(with); to be fast friends (with):prem-rang-
rt, adj. 'Coloured with the dye of love,'
S parkshit, part. Carefully strongly attached (to), in love (with),
inspected, investigated, tried, examined, tested, enamoured (of):prem-sgar, s.m. 'Ocean of
proved. love'; the name of the tenth section of the
Bhgavat pur, in which the love-sports of
S par-kshit (par+kshit), s.m. Krisha are related; an epithet of the Deity:
Name of a king, son of Abhimanyu and prem-sayukt, adj. Connected with love, having
grandson of Arjun. (It is to this king that the relation to love:prem karn (-par), To show
Bhgavat Pur was related). affection (for); to be enamoured (of):prem-
kahn, s.f. A love-tale:prem-lat, s.f. A
creeper; a parasitic plant:prem-wl, adj. (f. -
S prekshit, part. Looked at,
), Possessing affection, affectionate, loving:
viewed, beheld, seen. prem-vn, prem-vat, adj. Full of love,
affectionate;prem-vat, s.f. Mistress,
S parkshak, adj. & s.m. (f. - spouse:prem-va, adj. Under the influence of
ik), Trying, testing, examining;prover, love, over head and ears in love, deeply
examiner, experimenter, assayer, investigator, enamoured (of).
judge.
S pur-moh, s.m. The thorn-apple
S parksha, s.m. = S (Datura).
parksha, s.f. =parksh.
S prem, adj. & s.m. Loving,
S parksha, s.f. = S affectionate, friendly;an affectionate person;
a lover.
parksha, s.m. =parksh.
H puren, pura`ini,
S prekshan, s.m. Looking at, pura`in, s.f. The placenta; the lotus-plant; lotus-
viewing, seeing, beholding; the eye; a public leaf.
show or spectacle, a sight.
S paryant (pari+anta), s.m. &
S parksh, adj. & s.m. (f. -in) = postp. Boundary, limit, edge, skirt, border,
parkshak, q.v. extremity; end, termination;up to, as far as, to
the extent of; unto, until. (It is annexed to an
S prekshya, part. adj. To be accusatival base or to an adverb.)
looked at, to be regarded, to be seen; worthy of
being seen. H parer, s.m. A beam.

H parekh [S. ], S paryak, s.m. A bed, bedstead

s.m.=parksh, q.v. (=palang).

H parekh [S. , or +], S , and H. , prekhan, s.m.

s.m. Sorrow, concern, regret, contrition; Swinging; a swing.
aversion, objection.
S priyagu, s.m. Panic seed,
H parekhan, s.m.=parksha, q.v. Italian millet, Panicum italicum;a medicinal
plant and perfume (described as a fragrant seed,
S prem, vulg. parem, s.m. Love, sometimes called phal);black mustard seed,
Sinapis ramosa;long pepper.
affection, kindness, tender regard, kindliness,
friendship:prem-bas, adj.=prem-va, q.v.:

560
H parw [S. +], s.f. The S pra-yog, s.m. Application,
first day of the moon. employment (of); use, usage, practice;
procedure; act, action, effort, exertion,
H parew [S. ], s.m. A dove, direction; occasion, cause, motive, object;
consequence, result; contrivance, device, plan;
turtle dove, pigeon.
an example, comparison; exhibition,
performance, representation (of a play); a
S par-vd, s.m.=pari-vd, q.v. formula (to be recited), sacred text, authority;
capital bearing interest, principal, loan.
H pra-yoj, adj.=pra-yojya, q.v.
S pra-yog, adj. & s.m. Having
S pra-yojak, adj. & s.m. some object in view, striving for an object;
Occasioning, effecting, conducing (to), causing calculated for a particular purpose; using,
or inducing (any act), leading (to); instigating, applying; causing, stimulating;one who
prompting, arousing, stimulating, exciting; strives for any object, &c.
deputing, appointing;an original instigator,
author (of any act); founder or institutor (of any H pareh [S. ], s.m. Soup (made
ceremony); a law-giver, legislator; author, of rice), &c.=pale`o, q.v.
composer; a money-lender, creditor.
S priya. See priya.
S pra-yojan (rt. yuj, with pra),
s.m. Employment, use (of); need (of), necessity H pareh, = H pareh, [S.
(for), exigence, demand; cause, occasion,
motive, origin; inducement; purpose, object, ], s.m. Land watered after ploughing, or
aim, intention, design; profit, interest, flooded before the final ploughing and levelling
advantage:prayojan-vn, adj. Having a of the land.
particular use, aim, or purpose; done with a
particular aim or design, designing, purposing; H pareh, = H pareh, [S.
selfish; serviceable.
], s.m. Land watered after ploughing, or
H pra-yojanik (the flooded before the final ploughing and levelling
of the land.
preceding+ika), adj. Necessary, requisite.
S par-hs, s.m.=pari-hs, q.v.
S pra-yojan, adj.=prayojanik,
q.v.
H pa, s.m. The boundary of a field
S prayojanya, = S (=pa).
pra-yojya, part. adj. Proper to be used
H pa, s.m. A buffalo calf (=p,
or employed; to be practised; to be occasioned
q.v.).
or produced; to be put forth or represented; fit,
suitable, proper, necessary:pra-yojya, s.m. A
servant, slave; capital, principal, 'that which is H pa (perf. part. of pan, q.v.), part.
put out to interest.' adj. Laid aside; lying (unused, unowned,
unemployed, or unoccupied); useless, idle;
S pra-yojya, = S prostrate; uncultivated, fallow (land);adv. In
its place; as it is:pa pn, v.t. To find lying;
prayojanya, part. adj. Proper to be to find; to get easily or for nothing:pa
used or employed; to be practised; to be phirn, v.n. To wander about; to idle:pa
occasioned or produced; to be put forth or akkar, s.m. Latitude:pa rahn, or pae
represented; fit, suitable, proper, necessary: rahn, v.n. To remain lying; to loll or sleep all
pra-yojya, s.m. A servant, slave; capital, day long, to be idle; to be laid on one's back, be
principal, 'that which is put out to interest.' prostrated (through sickness or grief); to be
helpless, poor, or destitute:pa khet, s.m. (in
S pary-avasn, s.m. End, Geom.) A surface; a horizontal plane:pa
termination, conclusion, issue. lakr, s.f. A horizontal line:pa hon (-par, or
-pe), To hang or depend (upon), to sponge (on).

561
H pu [S. +], s.m. A large parcel land; waste land:part jadd, s.f. Land
recently left fallow:pat qadm, s.f. Land
or packet (as of physic, &c.; cf. puiy).
which has long lain uucultivated or fallow.
H pu, s.m. (Prov.) The buttock
H pan, s.m.=parn, q.v.
(=puh, q.v.):pue ton, v.n. To be about
to calve (a cow). H paha, s.f.=par-hat,
H pa-par, adv. With reiterated q.v.s.v. para, par.
strokes; whack-whack (=pa--pa, q.v.). H pan [Prk. ; S. ,
H parn (caus. of pan), v.t. To rt. ], v.n. To fall, drop; to fall down, drop
cause to lie down, cause to repose; to lay down, down; to lie, lie down, recline, repose; to lie
put to sleep; to knock down, cause to drop; to idle, useless, or unoccupied; to be set or laid
pluck, cull, gather (fruit, &c.). aside; to be laid up, be prostrated, be bed-
H pa`o (v.n. from the preceding), ridden; to fall to the lot (of, -ko); to be tied
(to,as a wife, servant, &c.); to live or stay
s.m. Resting, reclining, reposing, sleeping;
(with, or in the house of, -me); to hang or
halting; halting-place, camping-ground,
depend (upon, -par, or -pe), to sponge (on); to
encampment, station, stage; camp, army, crowd,
be encamped, to halt, encamp, camp; to be or
multitude, assembly; (in Mech.) neutral
become; to happen, arise, take place, occur; to
equilibrium:pa`o ln, pa`o karn, v.n. happen to be or become, prove to be; to befal,
To halt, encamp, camp. overtake (as punishment); to be keen (after), to
H papan [S. or re hanker (after); to interfere, intermeddle (in, -
dupl.], v.n. To prattle, chatter; to throb with me); to be concerned (about), have to do
pain, to tingle, smart, burn (as the tongue from (with); to stand, cost, come to, be valued (at); to
an acid substance=par-parn):pa-pa- be suitable (to, -ko), to suit, agree (with); to be
rahn, v.n. Idem. digested. (Following the uninflected infinitive
H paat [pa, rt. of pan+S. aff. ], of another verb, pan, like hon, signifies
s.f. Cost price, cost, real value; price, rate: 'have to,' 'must'; e.g. usko jne pa, 'he had to
go';annexed to the base of some neuter verbs
paat phailn (-me), To distribute an
aggregate charge (among all the individuals it forms intensives, as gir-pan, 'to fall
liable to it); to calculate. down';annexed to the base of a transitive verb
it has generally the sense of hon, as dekh
H pat (see paat), s.m. 'What falls to
pan, 'to be seen,' 'to become visible'):pa-
each individual'; share, portion, quota; jn, v.n. To lie down, to repose; to be laid
dividend; rate, the rate at which the revenue across, be spread (over); to lull, cease (as the
demand falls on each plough or bgh of wind), to abate; to become set, hoarse, or husky
land:pat ml-gur, s.m. Rateable amount (as the voice); to be or become; to happen to
of revenue:pat mutawassit, s.m. Average be:pa-rahn, v.n. To remain lying; to be
rate. idle; to be prostrated (through sickness or
H patl [S. +, rt. ], s.f. grief); to be helpless, poor, or destitute (=pae
Bringing to the test, testing, proving, rahn, q.v.s.v. pa).
comparing; revision, review, comparison (with H paiw, paw, s.f.=pariw,
some standard), collation; recounting; q.v.
remeasurement (of a field, &c.); re-weighing;
H pa`, paw [S. ],
repayment (with a stick, &c.), punishment,
beating (also written par-tl):patl pan (- s.m. A buffalo calf, a young buffalo
par), Punishment to overtake, to suffer a (=p, pa).
beating, be beaten:patl karn (-k), To H pirwn (caus. of pen), v.t.
make trial (of), to bring to the test, to try, test, To cause to press; to cause to be pressed, to get
examine, prove; to revise, review, compare (a thing) pressed; to squeeze; to grind, crush,
(with some standard); to collate; to check or pound.
audit (accounts); to re-count; to re-measure, re- H pawy, s.m. Wooden saucers
weigh.
placed under the feet of a bed (cf. p-lak).
H patln, v.t.=patl karn,
H paos, pa
q.v.s.v. patl.
H patal, s.f.=partal, q.v. aus [S. +], s.m. Neighbourhood,
vicinity (=paros).
H pat [S. ; or pa, rt.
of pan+S. aff. ], s f. Uncultivated or fallow

562
H paosin, paosan, in papers;an offering to a god:puiy
un, v.n. To make offerings
paausan, s.f. A female neighbour
of abr and sedr to a saint.
(see paos). H payal [Prk. =S. +?]
H paos, paaus [S. s.f. Rubbish, sweepings.
], s.m. A neighbour:paaus-k as, s.m. P paz or puz, part. [rt. Zend and S. pa],
Right of vicinage; right of premption. Cooking, baking; concocting (used in comp.).
H paw, s.f. A kind of sugar-cane P pazwa, vulg. pajw (S. +),
(sown in autumn). s.f. A brick-kiln.
P pazhmurdag (abst. s. fr. next, q.v.),
H pah [perf. part. of pahn;and =
s.f. Witheredness; fadedness; rottenness; frozen
Prk. = S. , rt. ], part. adj. Read, state, numbness; dejection (of spirits).
well-read, of extensive reading, learned, P pazhmurda [perf. part. of pazh-murdan;
lettered:pah jin, s.m. A consummate knave, and=Zend paiti+mereta, rt. mar; S. prati+mrita,
a perfect devil:pah-gu, adj. & s.m. rt. mr], part. adj. Withered, faded, pallid,
Educated, learned;an educated man, a learned drooping, blighted, decayed; frozen, numbed.
man, an experienced man:pah-likh, adj. & P pas [Pehl. pa; Z. paa; S. paa], adv.
s.m. Educated, learned, lettered, &c.=pah- After, behind; at length, in fine, finally; so,
gu. then, therefore, wherefore, then surely,
assuredly, consequently:pas-andz, s.m.
H pahn [caus. of pahn; Economy; savings, something laid by for old
pah = Prk. =S. , caus. of ], v.t. age or a rainy day;pas-andz karn (-me),
To cause to read, to make (one) read, learn, or To economize (in the matter of); to save, lay
by:pas-p, adj. With the legs behind; cross-
study; to teach, instruct; to teach (a bird) to talk;
to tell, show, put (one) up to; to pervert. legged; sitting cross-legged:pas-p karn,
v.t. To drive back, repulse, put to flight:pas-
H pah`, s.f. Teaching, tuition;
p hon, v.n. To decline; to fall behind or in the
method of teaching; tuition fee:pah`-k rear; to slink behind; to retreat, to flee; to desist
naqsha, s.m. Scheme of study; time-table. (from an attempt):pas-urda, s.m.
H pihul [S. +dim. aff. ul = l, Leavings; offal:pas-rau, s.m. Follower;
fr. S. or ], s.f. A block-stool; a stool dependants, retinue, train, equipage;pas-
rau`, s.f. Following:pas-gaibat, adv. In one's
(=ph, q.v.). absence, behind one's back:pas-kash, s.m.
H pahan (see pahn), s.f. The act of Recoil, rebound; pas-mnda, part. adj. & s.m.
reading, reading. Remaining behind; remaining over;a
H pahin, s.f. A mullet. surviving person, survivor; surplus, savings:
pas o pesh, s.m. lit. 'Behind and before'; here
H pahn [Prk. =S. , and there; evasion, shuffling, prevarication;
rt. ], v.t. To read, repeat, recite; to say; to hesitation, indecision;pas o pesh karn, v.n.
To shuffle, prevaricate, boggle; to hesitate,
mutter a spell; to learn, study (with acc. & abl.);
demur, doubt.
to make out, decipher; to talk (as a bird):
pahne-jog, adj. Fit to be read; what can be
read, readable, legible:pahne-wl, pahne- H pas [S. ?], s.f. A buffalo-heifer.
hr, s.m. (f. -), Reader, reciter; learner,
student. H pas [S. ], s.m. As much as
H pahant [S. +], s.f. can be held in both hands open, two handfuls
Reading; citation, maxim, precept; spell, charm. (=anjl).
H pahwn (doub. caus.
of pahn), v.t. To cause (one) to be taught H pus, s.m. The sun=psh, q.v.
reading; &c.; to have (one) taught (by).
H pu, s.f. Skin (of a drum=pur, q.v.). H pus, s.m.=paush, q.v.
H paiy (dim. of p), s.f. A young
H pisb, s.m. corr. of peshb, q.v.
buffalo (female;cf. pa`).
H puiy, puy [S. +], s.f.
H pis, s.m.=pi, q.v.
Anything wrapped up in paper or leaves; a
parcel (of physic, &c.), a powder; majenta, &c.

563
H pasr [S. +], s.m. The understanding; of a mean disposition; low-
natured; base, vile:past-qad, adj. & s.m. Low
act of spreading or stretching out; expansion;
in stature; a dwarf:past karn or kar-den, v.t.
extension:pasr karn (-ko;me) To
To lower, put down; to render abject, to
spread out, &c.=pasrn, q.v.; to procrastinate;
humiliate; to defeat, vanquish:past o buland
to raise obstacles (in an easy matter).
dekhn, v.n. To look above and below; to look
about (one); to consider and take precautions
H pasrn [S. , rt. against the vicissitudes of fortune:past-
with ], v.t. To spread, stretch out, open, himmat, adj. Low-minded; mean-spirited;
without courage; unambitious:past hon, v.n.
expand, extend, distend; to reach, to display.
To be humbled, be put down; to be humiliated;
to be overcome, be vanquished.
H pasr, s.m.=pansr, q.v.
S pust, s.m. Smearing, anointing,
H pisn (v.n. from next, q.v.), s.m. plastering, painting; working in clay,
Any finely-ground substance; flour, meal. modelling; a book, manuscript (=pustak).

H pisn [pis = Prk. =S. H pustr; corr. of pushtra, q.v.

, caus. of rt. ], v.t. To grind, to reduce P pistn [Pehl. pitn; Z. fstna; S. stana],
to meal or flour, &c. (=psn, q.v.). s.m. Breasts, pap or dug.

H pasn [S. ], v.t. To H pastn, v.n. To regret,

remove the scum of boiling rice, &c.; to skim; &c.=pahtn, q.v.
to pour off superfluous water; to pour off the
water in which any edible as rice, &c.) has been S pustak, s.f. A book, volume,
boiled; pas-len, v.t. Idem.
manuscript (syn. poth):pstakgr (ka +
g), s.m.=pustaklay (ka+l), s.m. 'Book-
H pas`, pas`u, pas`o room,' library; book-dept.
[Prk. ; S. ], s.m. (Old H.)=prasd,
q.v. S pustak, s.f.=pustak, q.v.

H pas` [S. ], s.f. A kind P pista, s.m. A pistachio nut:pista-lab,

of wild rice (growing in shallow ponds, and
generally used by Hinds in fasts;=pasah or
pas-h).
H pis` (v.n. from pisn, q.v.),
s.f. Grinding; the price paid for grinding; the
occupation of grinder.
adj. Having lips as sweet as the pistachio nut.
P past (from past), s.f. Lowness,
inferiority; humility; baseness.
P pista`, adj. Of the colour of the
pistachio nut:pista` rang, s.m. Pistachio-nut-
colour; pea-green.

H pusp; see pushp. H pust: corr. of pusht, q.v.

P pas-p, adj. See s.v. pas for compounds H past, adv. See paat.
of which that word is the first member.
H pasim, s.m. See paim.
H pasu-pl, s.m. See s.v.
H pasar [Prk. ; S. ], s.f.
pau.
Sending cattle forth to graze by night, letting
H pus-pt [S.], s.m. cattle loose at night to graze (generally on
forbidden pasture); grazing cattle at night:
Adopted son:puspt karn, v.t. To adopt as a pasar ahn, v.n. To graze cattle at night.
son.
P pisar [Old P. pusar; Pehl. pur; Z. puthra;
P past, adj. Low, humble; abject, mean,
S. putra], s.m. Son, boy; child; youth (syn. be;
base, vile; lower; below:past-ayl, s.m.
lak):pisar-i-ayf, s.m. A step-son; son of
Low idea:past-fitrat, adj. Of inferior
a wife by a former husband:pisar-i-nda,

564
pisar-nda, s.m. An adopted son (=pas- like; to choose; to prefer; to accede to; to
pt);pisar-ndag, s.f. Adoption as a accept.
son:pisar-zda, s.m. A son's son, grandson:
pisar-i-ulb, s.m. A son from one's own loins, P H pasand, s.m. Slashed or chopped
own son (=sag be):pisar-i-mutabann, s.m. meat;pasando-k kabb, s.m. A kabb made
An adopted son. of meat ground or pounded on a sil along with
condiments, &c.
H pasarn [Prk. ; S.
P pasandda (perf. part. of pasanddan:
, rt. ; see pasrn], v.n. To be spread see pasand), part. adj. Approved, liked; chosen;
out, be stretched out, be distended or expanded; agreed to; desirable; pleasing; laudable.
to lie stretched out or at full length, to lie
prostrate; to lie down; to yield, give way, to H pasang, s.m.=psang, q.v.
consent; to set the heart (on), to long (for).
H pisan-hr, s.m. See s.v.
P pisar, s.f. Boyhood, infancy. pisn.
H pistol, pistl (from the Eng. or the
Port.), s.m. A pistol. H pasu, s.m.= pau, q.v.

P pas-qad, s.m.=past-qad, q.v.s.v. past. H piss, pis, s.m. A flea.

H pasal, pasl [S. +], A H piswn (doub. caus. of

shower, torrent of rain. psn), v.t. To cause to be ground, to cause to be
reduced to powder, to get or have (a thing)
H pisln (caus. of pisn or ground, &c.
psn), v.t. To cause to grind or to reduce to
powder. H pisw` [pisw, stem of
piswn+ = S. ], s.f. Price paid for grinding
H pasl, pasul [S. +
dim.
(=pis`).
aff. l = fem. fr. S. aff. ], s.f. A rib; the
prcordia:pasl-phaakn, v.n. To feel a H pasj (see next), s.f. The first
quivering or thrilling sensation over the ribs stitching or basting (of a garment); running
(regarded as a sign of an impending visit from stitch; running and felling.
an absent friend, or as a perception of his or her
condition):pasl-khan, s.m. Side; a tract of H pasjn [S. +; or
country.
pasj = Prk. =S. , rt. ], v.t.
H pisun, s.m.=piun, q.v. To sew with a running stitch, to run; to baste.

H pisn (see the trans. psn), v.n. H pasah, pas-h [S. ],

To be ground, pounded, pulverized, crushed, to s.f.=pas`, q.v.
be reduced to powder; to be bruised or broken,
be hurt or injured; to be reduced to distress, be P pasj, adj. & s.m. Ready, prepared;
ruined; (met.) to be desperately in love:pis- preparation for a journey; provision for a
jn, v.n. intens. of, and = pisn:pisan-hr, journey.
s.m. (f. -). A grinder of corn, &c.; a miller. H pasjn [pasj = Prk.
; S. (), rt. with ], v.n.
P pasand (fr. pasanddan; rt. Zend. and S.
To perspire, to sweat; to exude; to melt,
vi+ad; cf. also S. prasanna), part. adj. & s.f.
dissolve; to melt (with pity, &c.), to soften, feel
Approved; grateful; approving, choosing (used
sorrow or pity (for), be touched (in this sense
chiefly in comp., e.g. dil-pasand; aqq-pasand,
usually constructed with the word dil or one of
&c., q.v.s.v.);approbation, approval;
its syn., e.g. mujhe kar ab khanjar-se ter dil
acceptance; choice; preference; discretion:
gar pasj hai); to warm (towards one);to be
pasand n, or pasand pan (-k), To meet the
dressed over a slow fire, to simmer.
approval (of), to be approved, be chosen; to
please:pasand karn (-ko), To approve; to

565
H paser (contrac. of pan-ser =
p-ser-), s.f. A measure or weight of five
seers (ser).
P pasn (see pas), adj. Posterior, last,
hindmost; newest; modern (see pasn).
tree, Trophis aspera (believed to be the
favourite haunt of the pias or goblins):
pi-grasta, adj. Possessed of a demon,
demoniac.
S piak (f. -ik), s.m.=pi.

H pasn [S. +, rt. H pihn, = S

with ], s.m. Perspiration, sweat; exudation: pi, s.f. A female fiend, &c.
pasn n, v.n. To perspire, sweat; to perspire
(through shame, &c.):pasna nikaln, v.n. S pi, = H
Idem:pasna-niklne-wl, adj. (in Med.), pihn, s.f. A female fiend, &c.
Sudorific:pasne-pasne hon, v.n. To be
covered with sweat (through heat, or toil); to H pashrn, pakhrn, v.t.=
break into a violent perspiration (through pakhrn, q.v.
shame, &c.); to be disturbed or alarmed, &c.
(=b-b hon, q.v.).
H pashn, s.m.=psh, q.v.
P H pasn (see pasn), adj. Modern,
recent;pasniy, s.m. The moderns. H pan, v.n. (local), To smell,
stink.
H pase`o, = H pasew, =
H paseo`h, [S. , and H pash`uj, pakh`uj,
+ ], s.m. Sweat, &c.=pasn, q.v.; s.f.=pakhwaj, q.v.
heat; effervescence; a portion of anything
nearly cooked taken out of the pot to see if it is S pushpa, vulg. pushp, s.m. A flower,
done. blossom; the menstrual flux, menses (=phl); a
disease of the eye, specks on the eye, albugo; a
H pasew, = H pase`o, = topaz;blossoming, expanding, expansion;
the vehicle or car of Kuvera:pushpjal
H paseo`h, [S. , and (pa+a), s.f. Presenting flowers or a nosegay
+ ], s.m. Sweat, &c.=pasn, q.v.; in both hands open and hollowed:pushpjan
heat; effervescence; a portion of anything (pa+an), s.m. Calx of brass (employed as a
nearly cooked taken out of the pot to see if it is collyrium):pushp-bhshit, adj. & s.m.
done. Adorned with flowers;name of a kind of
Prakara:pushp-ptra, s.m. A vessel for
holding flowers:pushpa-path, s.m. 'Course of
H paseo`h, = H the menses,' the vulva:pushpa-phal, s.m.
pase`o, = H pasew, [S. , and Flowers and fruits; the wood-apple tree, Feronia
elephantum; a pumpkin-gourd, Benincasa
+ ], s.m. Sweat, &c.=pasn, q.v.;
cerifera:pushp-mar, s.m. 'Having flowers
heat; effervescence; a portion of anything for a chowrie'; the plant Artemisia indica; the
nearly cooked taken out of the pot to see if it is fragrant plant Pandanus odoratissimus (which
done. has a large bushy flower):pushp-dman, s.m.
A garland or chaplet of flowers; a kind of
H pau;see pau. metre:pushpa-dha, s.m. The offspring of an
outcast Brhman, one of the degraded tribes:
H pib, s.m.=peshb, q.v. pushp-ras, s.m. 'Flower-juice,' the nectar or
honey of flowers:pushp-rakt, adj. & s.m. Red
as a flower; dyed red; the shrub Hibiscus
S pi, s.m. Sprite, fiend, ogre, Phniceus:pushp-roan, s.m. The plant
goblin, demon, malevolent being (something Mesua Roxburghii:pushp-reu, s.m. 'Flower-
between an infernal imp and a ghost, always dust,' the dust or farina of flowers, pollen
described as fierce and malignant; and said to (=parg):pushp-sr, s.m. the nectar or honey
haunt the places where dead bodies are burnt or of flowers:pushp-samay, s.m. 'Flower-
buried):pi-pati, s.m. An arch-fiend, a season,' the spring:pushp-nya, adj.
demon-chief:pi-dru, s.m. A species of Destitute of blossoms, not bearing flowers,

566
flowerless:pushp-ko, s.m. The cup of a
flower:pushpa-kss, s.m. Green sulphate of
iron in a state of partial decomposition; the
inflorescence of salts:pushp-ketu, s.m.
'Characterized by flowers'; an epithet of the god
of love;calx of brass; vitriol (used for
collyrium):pushp-k, s.m. 'Flower-insect'; an
insect living in flowers; a large black bee:
pushp-ms, s.m. 'Flower-month,' the spring:
pushp-vik, pushp-v, s.f. A flower-
garden:pushp-vn, pushp-vat, pushp-vant,
adj. Having flowers, flowery, blooming;
decorated with flowers; like a flower; pushp-
vat, s.f. A menstruous woman:pushp-hn,
adj. Destitute of flowers or blossoms, not
flowering:pushp-hn, s.f. A woman in whom
menstruation has ceased, a woman past child-
bearing, barren woman;the glomerous fig-
tree, Ficus glomerata.
S pushpit, part. adj. (f. -),
Flowered; in flower or blossom, full of flowers
blooming; flowery, florid; momentarily
pleasing.
S pushpit, s.f. A menstruous q.v. + wra, fr. wr, q.v.), s.m. A burden, load
woman.
S pushpak, s.m. A flower; a kind of
serpent;calx of brass, green vitriol or
copperas; a bracelet of diamonds or jewels; a
disease of the eye, albugo; the self-moving
arial car of Kuvera.
S pushpik, s.f. Division of a H patn, corr. of pahtn, q.v.
book, chapter; the tartar of the teeth; the mucus
of the glans penis or urethra.
S pushp, adj. Flowering, bearing
flowers, blossoming.
S piita, s.m. Flesh, meat:
piitepsu (ta+p), adj. Desirous of flesh, eager
for or greedy after meat.
S pushit, part. Nourished, nurtured,
fed.
P pusht [Zend, parsh; S. ], s.f. The back;
the outside; support, prop, assistant, second;
protector, patron; generation, descent,
extraction; ancestors, progenitors:pusht ba
pusht, adv. Generation by generation, from
generation to generation:pusht-i-p, s.f. The
instep:pusht-i-p mrn (-par), To put away
from, to reject, to abandon:pusht-pw, s.m.
The instep; an inflammation or phlegmon on
the upper surface of the foot:pusht-par rahn
(-k), 'To be at the back (of),' to back, to support
steadily:pusht-par likhn (-k), To write on
the back (of), to endorse; to address (a letter):
pusht-panh, s.f. Refuge, asylum; supporter,
ally:pusht-r, s.m. A claw or scraper of
ivory, or wood, &c. (shaped like the human
hand) with a long handle, to scratch the back:
pusht-am, adj. Hump-backed:pusht dar
pusht, adv.=pusht ba pusht, q.v.:pusht-i-dast-
ko kn, v.n. 'To bite the back of the hand'
(through vexation, &c.); to suffer regret or
remorse, to regret, be sorry for:pusht-i-dast
mrn (-par) = pusht-i-p mrn, q.v.:pusht
den, v.n. To turn the back, to flee, run away,
turn tail:pusht-i-qadam, s.f. The top of the
foot, the instep.
S paut, s.f.=pautva, q.v.
S piit, s.f. Spikenard,
Nardostachys jatamansi.
H pushtr, = P pushtra, (pusht,
(as much as can be carried on the back); a
bundle; heap, mass.
P pushtra, = H pushtr, (pusht,
q.v. + wra, fr. wr, q.v.), s.m. A burden, load
(as much as can be carried on the back); a
bundle; heap, mass.
P pushtak (fr. pusht, q.v.), s.m. Kicking out
with the hind legs (a horse):pushtak mrn,
v.n. To kick up behind.
P pusht, pasht, s.f. The language of the
Afghns.
S pautva, s.m. The condition or
nature of an animal, bestiality, brutality; the
condition of an animal about to be immolated.
P pusht-wra, s.m.=pusht-ra, q.v.
P pushta (rel. noun from pusht), s.m. Prop,
support, buttress; bank, glacis, dike,
embankment; quay; mound, hill, eminence;
heap, load, bundle:pushta-band, s.f.
Embankment.
P pusht (from pusht), s.m. Support, prop;
alliance, aid; the cover of a book:pusht-bn,
s.m. Ally, supporter, aider; prop, support; bar of
567
a door; a back-piece used for strengthening;
joint; tie-beam:pusht-bn, s.f. Support; S pisha, s.m. See pisha.
alliance, aid:pusht karn (-k), To assist,
support; to second, to back.
H pusha` [pusha, q.v.+ = S.
P H pushta`in, adj. Hereditary; ancestral. and ], adj. & s.f. Nutritive; invigorating;
restorative; provocative;nourishment,
S pisha, s.m. Any finely-ground nutrition.
substance; flour, meal (=pisn).
S pat, adv. Behind, from
S pusha, push, part. (f. -), behind; backwards; after, afterwards,
Nourished, cherished, fostered, fed, well-fed, subsequently, thereupon (=phe);
fat, full; thriving, strong, vigorous; restorative, westward:pat-tp, s.m. 'After-pain,'
provocative; eminent; full-sounding, loud: sorrow, regret, repentance, remorse
pushg (a+an), adj. Fat-limbed, fat in body, (=pahtw):pat-tp, adj. Regretful,
fattened, well-fed, fat:pusha karn, v.t. To repentant, remorseful:pat-gm, or pad-
fatten. gm, adj. Going after or behind, following,
succeeding.
S pushi, and H. push, s.f. Well-
nourished condition, fatness, plumpness; H pual, s.f.=pual, q.v.
growth, increase, prosperity, thriving;
cherishing, nourishing, nourishment, S paim, adj. & s.m. Being
maintenance, support; buttress, abutment, prop, behind, after, hinder, hindermost; latter, last;
bank; a specific for nervous disorders; an west, western;the west; sunset:paim
aphrodisiac:pushi-d, s.f. The plant Physalis samudra, s.m. The ocean to the west of
Flexuosa:pushi-da, adj. & s.m. Yielding or Hindstn.
causing prosperity or welfare; nourishing,
cherishing;name of a class of manes or S paim, s.f. The west.
deceased ancestors:pushi-kar, adj. & s.m.
Nourishing, causing to grow or thrive, causing
prosperity;any food or medicine of a nutritive H paim (see next), adj. & s.m.
or provocative quality. Of or belonging to the west, occidental;one
who resides in the west.
S push, s.f. A fat woman, &c.;
nourishment, nutriment; fatness; invigoration, S paimya, adj. Westerly,
restorative power. western.

S pishap (for vishap), s.m. A H paar, s.f.=pasar, q.v.

world, a division of the universe.
S pauk (dim. of pau), s.f. Any
S pushat, s.f. = S small animal.
pushatva, s.m. The being well-fed; fatness; a
prosperous and thriving condition; restorative P pish-kr, s.m.=pesh-kr, q.v.s.v. pesh.
power, invigoration.
H pushkrn, v.t.=pukrn,
S pushatva, s.m. = S q.v.
pushat, s.f. The being well-fed; fatness; a
prosperous and thriving condition; restorative S pushkar, s.m. A blue lotus-
power, invigoration. flower, a lotus, Nelumbium speciosum or
Nympha nelumbo; a species of medicinal
S pishak, s.m. A cake, bread; plant, Costus speciosus or arabicus; the bowl of
(=pr; p`);a disease of the eyes, opacity of a spoon; the tip of an elephant's trunk; the skin
the cornea. of a drum; a drum, kettle-drum; the blade of a
sword; the sheath of a sword; an arrow; air,
S pushik, s.f. A bivalve shell, an atmosphere, sky, firmament, heaven; water; a
cage; union; a part; war, battle; intoxication; the
oyster.

568
art of dancing; a pond, tank, lake; name of a S piun, adj. & s.m. (f. -),
celebrated place of pilgrimage in the district of
Informing against, betraying, treacherous;
Ajmere (now called Pokar); a kind of serpent; a
disparaging, backbiting, calumnious,
species of crane, Ardea sibirica; an epithet of a
slanderous; harsh, unkind, cruel, wicked,
class of clouds (said to occasion dearth or
malignant, mischievous; vile, low,
famine); name of one of the seven great dvpas
contemptible, infamous; stupid, foolish;
or divisions of the universe; name of a
informer, spy, traitor; backbiter, talebearer,
mountain in that division:pushkar-dvp, s.m.
calumniator; one who excites hopes and
Name of a dvp or great division of the universe
disappoints them; a stupid person, fool;
(=pushkar):pushkar-mlak, s.m. The root of
sycophancy; a crow; cotton (which betrays by
Costus speciosus or arabicus.
sticking to the clothes); an epithet of Nrad:
piun-vkya, piun-vaan, s.m. Evil or
S pushkari, s.f. A female malicious speech, bad report, backbiting,
elephant;a lotus-pool; piece of water, pool, detraction, slander.
pond, lake.
S piun, s.f. A malignant woman,
S pushkar, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), &c.;a species of plant, Medicago esculenta;
Abounding in lotuses;an elephant. and Trigonella corniculata.

P pish-kash, s.m.=pesh-kash, q.v.s.v. S piunat, s.f. Slander, scandal,

pesh.
P pishkil, s.m. The orbicular dung of
sheep, goats, deer, &c. (=megn).
S pushkal, adj. & s.m. Much,
many, abundant; full, filled, complete; good,
salutary, eminent, excellent, best, chief; a kind
of drum; an epithet of mount Meru;a
particular measure of capacity (equal to four
times a double handful); alms to the extent of
four mouthfuls of food; name of a celebrated
place of pilgrimage in the district of Ajmere
(=pushkar).
backbiting, betrayal; cruelty, wickedness;
meanness; stupidity, folly; sycophancy.
H pasha, s.m.=psha, q.v.
P pashang, s.m. A long piercing
instrument with which builders make holes in
walls; a mason's chisel; a woollen cloth, or a
plank prepared with a piece of wood at each
end, on which bricks, clay, &c. are drawn;
oppression, tyranny; anguish, affliction;
exuding (of water, &c.), exudation;name of
the father and of the son of Afrsyb; name of a
warrior of Irn.

P pashm, vulg. pasham (S. ), s.m. S piang, adj. & s.m. Reddish,
Hair, wool, fur, down; the pubes; anything reddish brown, brownish, tawny, yellowish;
insignificant or of no moment, anything tawny colour.
worthless:pashm-par mrn, v.t. To be
perfectly contented and independent of; to
despise, disregard:pashm samajhn, v.t. To S piagat, s.f. = S
regard as insignificant, &c., to despise:pashm piagatva, s.m. Tawniness,
na ukhan, v.n. 'Not a hair to be pulled out'; to yellowishness.
suffer nothing from the enmity of another, to be
unruffled (said in great contempt of an
S piagatva, s.m. = S
adversary).
piagat, s.f. Tawniness,
P pashmak, s.m. (?), A kind of sweetmeat. yellowishness.

P pashm, = P pashmn, (rel. n. fr. S piag, adj.=piag, q.v.

pashm, q.v.), adj. Woolly hairy; woollen.

P pashmn, = P pashm, (rel. n. fr. S pau, s.m. Cattle, brute, beast,

pashm, q.v.), adj. Woolly hairy; woollen.
P pashmna, adj.=pashmn, q.v.;s.m.
Woollen cloth.
animal (neat-cattle, horses, goats, sheep, asses,
and dogs); a young buffalo (local); an animal to
be immolated, a victim; a mere animal in sacred
things, an uninitiated person; a simpleton,
blockhead;a subordinate deity and one of

569
iva's followers;the soul (according to the tree:pik-bain, pik-bayan = pik-vayan, adj.
tenets of Pupatas):pau-pl, pau-plak, 'Having a voice like the cuckoo,' an epithet of
s.m. Keeper of herds, herdsman, cattle-rearer: women;s.f. A cuckoo-voiced woman.
pau-plan, s.m. Cattle-rearing, tending H pik, s.f. contrac. of pk, q.v.:pik-
cattle:pau-pati, s.m. 'Lord of the animals,' or
dn, pig-dn, s.m.=pk-dn, q.v.s.v. pk.
'lord of a servant named Pau', an epithet of
iva;pau-pati-nth, s.m. An epithet of
iv:paa-prya, adj. Like an animal; brutish; S pikka, pikk, s.m. An elephant
uncivilized:pau-palval, s.m. A fragrant twenty years old, a young elephant.
grass, Cyperus rotundus (which grows in pools
frequented by cattle):pau-dharm, s.m. The H pak, perf. part. (of pakn), Cooked,
characteristics of cattle, action or function of dressed, prepared, &c.:pak-paky, adj.
animals, treatment of cattle or animals; Ready cooked.
promiscuous cohabitation; the marrying of
widows:pau-rj, s.m. 'Monarch of the
beasts,' a lion:pau-rajju, s.m. Cord for H pakk [S. ; Prk. ], adj.
tethering cattle, tether for animals:pau- (f. -), Cooked, boiled, prepared on the fire,
roman, s.m. The hair of an animal:pau-kriy, baked, dressed; baked or burnt (as bricks, &c.);
s.f. The act of animal sacrifice; acting like ripened, matured, mature, ripe; ready to
cattle, copulation:pau-gyatr, s.f. A parody discharge matter or to suppurate, ripe (as a
of the holy verse of the Vedas whispered in the boil), come to a head; grey or white (as the
ear of an animal about to be sacrificed:pau- hair); come to perfection, accomplished,
vat, adj. & adv. Animal-like, brutish, perfect, complete, full, fully developed (as the
irrational;like an animal, brutally;pau- understanding, character, &c.); shrewd,
vad-gm, vulg. pau-van-gm, adj. Walking experienced, well-tutored, well-versed, expert,
adept, knowing, sharp, cunning, astute; solid,
like a brute beast:pau-hartak, s.f. The fruit
of the Spondias mangifera, the hog-plum. strong, firm, substantial; made of brick or stone
and mortar; metalled, macadamized (as a road);
H pashwr, pakhwr, s.m. hard, hardy, unbending; fearless, daring; fast,
lasting (as colour), permanent, durable; sound,
(Old. H.)= pakhwr, q.v. valid, sterling, standard, full, true, unalloyed,
pure; genuine; proved; determined, decided,
P pishwz, s.f.=pesh-wz, q.v. firm, resolute; precise, exact, real (as price,
&c.); reliable, trustworthy; certain, sure,
P pashsha, pasha (S. ), s.m. A gnat. authentic:pakk pn, s.m.f. Decrepit old man
or woman, superannuated person; madcap;
P pashemn (cf. S. pat-tp), adj. harridan, jade; a low catamite:pakk tarkr,
Penitent, sorry, repentant, remorseful, filled s.f. Fruits:pakk ih, s.m. An
with regret; abashed, ashamed; disgraced: anthenticated, revised, or accredited account; an
pashemn hon (-se), To be sorry (for), to annual or triennial balance sheet:pakk isb,
repent, regret; to be or feel ashamed (of). s.m. Revised accounts; accounts carefully
prepared:pakk dw, s.m. Sound title, good
P pashemn, s.f. Regret, repentance, claim; a strong or good case:pakk ser, s.m.
contrition, penitence; shame; disgrace. A ser or seer of full standard weight:pakk
karn, pakk pakn, v.t. To strengthen, support,
S pushya, adj. & s.m. Requiring to be enforce, ratify; to establish a claim, agreement,
cherished, &c.;the Kali-yug or fourth age; &c. beyond dispute; to settle (a matter), to make
name of the eighth nakshatra or lunar mansion sure; to take a bond; to demonstrate,
(comprising three stars, of which one is substantiate; to authenticate, confirm; to sew
Cancer);name of the month Paus:pushya- permanently or finally (after basting):pakk-
putra, s.m. An adopted son (=puspt, q.v.). koh, s.f.=pakk ghar, s.m. A house built of
baked bricks, or of stone, and mortar.
S pik, s.m. The Indian cuckoo, Cuculus
S pik, s.f. The female of the Indian
indicus:pikksha (pika + aksha), s.m.
'Cuckoo's eye'; a vegetable and perfume (com. cuckoo (=pik).
called roan):pikng (ka+an), s.m. A small
bird (com. called akya):piknand H pakk-pan [pakk, q.v.+pan =
(ka+n), s.m. 'Cuckoo's joy'; the spring:pik- Prk. = = S. ], s.m. Ripeness,
bandh, s.m. 'The cuckoo's friend'; the mango
maturity; firmness, steadiness, stability;

570
expertness, cleverness; cunning, &c. (see H pak` (v.n. of pakn), s.f.
pukk).
Cooking, dressing; ripeness, maturity, &c.
(=pakk-pan, q.v.).
S pa-kr, s.m. The letter or sound
pa. H pak-pan, s.m.=pakk-pan, q.v.

H pukr (v.n. of pukrn, q.v.), s.f.

S pakti-l, s.m. Violent pain
Calling out aloud; call, shout, bawl, halloo,
or inflammation of the bowels (arising from
noise, din; cry, outcry, summons; invitation;
indigestion), colic.
invocation; petition, suit, complaint, plaint; call
(for), want or lack (of), need (of).
H paka (v.n. of pakan), s.f. The act
H pukr, s.m. Call, shout, of seizing; seizure, capture, apprehension;
catch, hold, holding, grip, grasp; handle; gain,
&c.=pukr; noisiness, report, pretension,
profit, haul; objection, criticism, laying hold of
renown, fame, notoriety.
a defect, &c.; difficulty:paka-band, s.f.
Objection, criticism (syn. girift); evidence,
H pukr, perf. part. (of pukrn), proof.
Called, published, proclaimed, &c.:pukr
jn, v.n. To be called, to be published, be H pakn (caus. of pakan),
proclaimed:pukr-gay, s.m. The case of
v.t. To cause to be caught, seized, or laid hold
address, the vocative case.
of; to cause to seize or capture, to get (one) to
lay hold of; to deliver or make over (to), to give
H pukrke (past conj. part of in charge, to hand; to entrust:pak-den (-
pukrn), adv. Aloud; openly, in public: ko), To put into (one's) hands or clutches, to
pukarke kahn, v.n. To speak aloud, &c. hand, &c. (=pakn).

H pukran, s.f. Calling, crying H pak`, s.f. Seizing, catching;

out, &c. (see next). seizure, capture, apprehension:pak` dena,
v.n. To be caught, to be captured.
H pukrn [pukr = S.
or ; Prk. ], v.t. To call, call out to, H pakan [paka = Prk.
to hail; to invoke; to invite; to summon; to = S. ], v.t. To catch; to lay hold of, to
publish, proclaim; to sue; to term, to hold, take, seize, clutch, gripe, handle; to
denominate;v.n. To call out, call alond; to cry capture, apprehend; to come up to, to overtake;
(one's wares), to shout, bawl, to cry out, to to catch tripping, to detect, find out, discover; to
exclaim; to lodge a complaint, to complain; to object, to criticise, find fault (with), pick holes
be called (as a roll-call):pukr-den, v.t. To (in), to carp, cavil; to acquire, get, gain,
call, &c.; to publish, proclaim. receive:paka len (intens.), v.t. To take hold
of, &c.=pakan.
S pikksha, s.m. See s.v. pik for
compounds of which that word is the first H pakawn (doub. caus. of
member. pakan), v.t. To cause to seize; to get (one) to
lay hold of; to cause to be seized, &c.
H pakn (caus. of pakn), v.t. To (=pakn, q.v.).
cook, to bake, to dress victuals; to ripen, &c.
(see pakn):paknewl, adj. (f. -), Ripening, S paksh, s.m. Wing; feather; fin;
suppurative;s.m. A cook.
flank, side; party, class, faction; a partisan,
adherent, follower; a half; the half of a lunar
H pak` (pak, rt. of pakn+ = month, a fortnight (comprising fifteen days);
S. aff. ), adj. Ripening; suppurative. alternative; confirmation; partiality; assistance,
protection, defence; side of an argument,
position, opinion, thesis; a post, troop, army; a
H pak`o [pak, rt. of pakn+`o = S. rejoinder; a plaint in law:pakshght
], s.m. Suppuration. (paksha+ghta), s.m. 'Side-stroke,' paralysis or
palsy of one side, hemiplegia:pakshntar

571
(paksha+antara), s.m. Another side or part;
another or different view of an argument:
paksh-bhed, s.m. Distinction between two sides
of an argument; the difference between the two
halves of a lunar month:paksha-pt, s.m.
Taking the side (of), siding (with); adopting a
side or argument; attachment or adherence to a
party, partisanship, partiality (for); respect of
persons; collusion, chicane;partisan,
&c.=paksh-pt;paksha-ptit, s.f.=paksha-
ptitva, s.m. Partisanship, partiality, friendship,
fellowship; faction, factiousness:paksha-pt,
adj. & s.m. Taking the side (of), siding (with),
adhering to the party (of);partisan, adherent,
follower, friend:paksha-dvaish, s.m. The
enmity of partisanship:paksha-dhar, adj. &
s.m. Taking the side (of), &c.=paksha-pt,
q.v.:paksh karn (-k), To take the part (of),
to side (with); to be partial or one-sided (in
argument, &c.); to espouse the cause of a party;
to protect, patronize:paksha-vn, paksha-
vant, adj. Winged, feathered, fledged; having a
side or party:paksha-nn, adj. Wingless.
S pakshat, s.f. The taking up a q.v.;digested; ripe for destruction; on the eve
side or argument; partisanship, alliance.
&c.=pakn; to be consumed, burnt; to be
completed, settled, fixed, decided; to be struck
(a bargain).
H pakwn, S. pakwnn
(pakwa+anna), s.m. 'Cooked or dressed food';
sweetmeat or cake, &c. fried in butter or oil
(such as pr, gulgul, &c.).
H pakwn (doub. caus. of
pakn), v.t. To cause to cook or dress, to get
(one) to cook, &c. (=pakn); to cause to be
cooked or dressed, to have (a thing) cooked
(by); to cause to ripen.
H pakw`, s.f. Price paid for
cooking.
H pako [S. ++], s.m.
A kind of dish made of pease-meal, pastry filled
with peasemeal.
S pakwa, adj. Cooked, &c.=pakk,
of decay.

S pakshati, pakshat, s.f. H pako, pakau [S.

The root or insertion of a bird's wing; the first +], s.f.=pako, q.v.
day of the waxing or waning of the moon.
H pakka, adj.=pakk, q.v.
S pakshi (fem. of the next), s.f.
A hen bird; a female partisan; a night with the
H pakh, s.m.=paksh, q.v.
days preceding and following it.

S paksh, pakshi, adj. & s.m. H pukh, s.m.=pkh; pushya, q.v.

Winged; taking the side (of), siding (with);a
bird; an arrow; a partisan, favourer, ally, H pakh [S.++], s.m.
assistant, advocate, patron;pakshi-rj, s.m. The horn or corner of a bow; the root of a bird's
'King of the birds,' an epithet of Garua;the wing.
peacock:pakshi-l, s.f. A nest; an aviary:
pakshi-mrigat, s.f. The form or condition of a H pakhrn, v.t.=pakhln, q.v.
bird or of a beast.

H pakl, s.m. A sore between the H pakhl [S. +], s.m.

toes (produced by moisture). Mud, mire, dirt; rubbish, litter; dysentery.

H pakl, s.f. A net for holding H pakhl, s.f. = H

fodder. pakhl, s.m. [S. +], A large
leathern bag for holding water (generally
H pakn [pak = Prk.=S. carried on bullocks), a water-bag;pakhl-
peiy, s.m. One who has a belly like a water-
], v.n. To be cooked, baked, boiled, bag, a pot-bellied person; a gormandizer.
prepared, dressed, &c.; to be ripened or
matured, to ripen; to suppurate, to come to a H pakhl, s.m. = H
head, to gather; to turn grey or white (the
hair):pak-jn (intens.), v.n. To be cooked, pakhl, s.f. [S. +], A large leathern

572
bag for holding water (generally carried on H pakhw, = H
bullocks), a water-bag;pakhl-peiy, s.m.
One who has a belly like a water-bag, a pot- pakhwr, [the preceding+S. aff. ],
bellied person; a gormandizer. s.m.=pakh, paksh, q.v.

H pakhln [Prk. ; H pakho, pakhau [S.

S. , rt. with ], v.t. To wash, to ++], s.m. The root of a bird's wing; a
rinse, to clean. wing, fin; side, flank.

H pakhl [pakhl, q.v. + S. H pakhau (see the preceding),

( )], s.m. One who carries water in a pakhl, s.m. The shoulder-blade (=pakhu).
a water-carrier.
H pakher, = H
H pakhn, = H pakhe, [S. + or +; or S.
pakhn, s.m. A stone, &c.=psh, q.v.; a kind ], s.m. A bird.
of poetical metre.
H pakhe, = H
H pakhn, = H
pakher, [S. + or +; or S.
pakhn, s.m. A stone, &c.=psh, q.v.; a kind
of poetical metre. ], s.m. A bird.

H pakhwaj, Old. H. pakh`uj H pakhes, s.m. Mark, stamp.

[S. + ?], s.f. A kind of drum, tabor,
timbrel. S pik, s.f. The female of the Indian
cuckoo.
H pakhwaj [pakhwaj, q.v.
+ S. ( )], s.m. One who beats or plays on H pag, Old H. pagu [S. ], s.m.
the pakhwaj, a drummer. The foot; step;pag uhn; v.n. To give over
running:pag-pag-par, adv. At every step:
H pukh-rj [S. +], s.m. pag pa tr bjn, v.n. To beat time with the
foot:pag-tal, s.f. The sole of the foot:pag
A topaz;the eighth nakshatra or lunar dhrn, v.n. To go, depart, leave; to travel;
mansion.
pag-an, s.f. A by-path, by-way, foot-path,
track;pag-an len, v.n. To take the
H pakhrau [S. footpath; to track, trace.
+++], s.m. A bit of gold or silver
leaf covering a b or flake of betel. H pag, s.m.=pagh, q.v.;also perf.
part. of pagn, q.v.
H pakhur, s.f.=the next, q.v.
H pagr (see pagn), s.m. Wet earth
H pakhu, pakh [S. or clay for building a wall or plastering (syn.
gr).
+dim. aff. fr. S. ], s.f. Petal, flower-leaf;
the shoulder-blade. H pagr [S. ], s.m. Enclosure
round a field, trench, mound, bank.
H pakhu`, pakh`,
pakhw [S. +], s.m. Side, flank P pagh, s.f. Dawn of day, morning
(=paksh); arm; gable end (of a house). twilight:pagh-tar, s.f. Early dawn.

H pakhwr, = H H pagurn, pugrn,

v.n.=pgurn, q.v.
pakhw, [the preceding+S. aff. ],
s.m.=pakh, paksh, q.v.

573
H pag (dim. of pg, q.v.), s.f. A H pighln [caus. of pighaln;
turban; a mark or token of distinction, (hence) pighl = S. ], v.t. To melt, dissolve,
honour, distinction, respect, dignity; head, poll;
fuse (=ighln), to smelt or cast (metal); to
a kind of poll-tax:pag utrn (-k), To
soften, assuage, mollify (an angry or a hard
disgrace, dishonour; to overreach, take in,
person).
cheat:pag utarn, v.n. To be disgraced,
&c.:pag aakn, v.n. To be obstinate, to
H , pighl`o, s.m.
persist or persevere:pag bdhn, v.n. To
put on a turban; to become a person of Melting, fusion, flux, liquefaction (=pigl).
consequence; to be a maker of turbans:pag
bandhn, v.n. To be presented with, or to put H pighaln [S. ], v.n.
on, a turban (as a token of honour, headship, or To melt,to be melted, to dissolve; to be in
hereditary succession):pag hapan (-k), fusion, to fuse, to flow (as a metal); to melt, be
'To snatch off the turban (of)'; to overreach, softened, moved, or touched; to yield, give way.
practice deceit (on), to act treacherously
(towards). H pighalwn (doub. caus.
of pighaln), v.t. To cause to be melted, &c.; to
H pagl, adj. (f. -), Mad; foolish, melt, &c.=pighln.
&c.=pgal, q.v. and cf. pagn.
H paghaiy, s.m. A trader in cloth,
H pigl (contrac. of an unused iron, &c.
piglha), s.f. Melting, fusion, liquefaction
(=pighl`o). H pagiy [pg, q.v.+iy = Prk.
=S. ], s.f. A turban, &c.=pag, q.v.
H pigln, v.t.=pighln, q.v.

S pal, s.m. A particular weight (equal to

H pigaln, v.n.=pighaln, q.v.
four karshas or the one hundredth part of a
tola); a particular measure of time, a period of
H pagn [pag, prob. fr. S. ], twenty-four seconds; a second, instant,
v.n. To be dipped or soaked in syrup; (met.) to moment;flesh; straw:pald (pala+ada),
be infatuated (with), be enamoured (of), be s.m.f. 'Flesh-eater,' a rkshas, goblin, (male or
madly in love (with). female):pal (pala+), s.m.=pald:
palgn (pala+agni), s.m. 'Flesh-fire'; bile; the
H puganau [S. ], v.n. bilious humour:pal-bhar-me, ek pal-me,
(Old H.), To reach, &c.=pahun. adv. In a moment or instant, in the twinkling of
an eye:pal-pal, pal-pal-me, adv. Every
instant, every moment.
H pugnau, v.t. Caus. of
puganau, q.v. H pal (P. palak), s.f. The eyelid; a
moment:pal mrte, adv. In the twinkling of
H , pagh [S. ], s.m. A an eye, instantly, immediately:pal mrn, v.n.
rope fastened round the neck or foot of a To make a movement of the eyelid, to wink:
bullock, a tether; the rope which passes under pal-o adv. For an instant.
the tail of a bullock and is connected with the
harness on the back. P pul [Old P. puhal; Pehl. puhar; Zend.
peretu, fr. par = S. par], s.m. A bridge; a
H paghl [S. ], s.m. A kind causeway, an embankment;pul bdhn, v.n.
of hard iron or steel; metal. To make a bridge (over, par), to bridge; to make
an embankment or dike, to limit; to provide an
H pighln, v.t.=pighln, q.v. abundant supply (of), to supply in abundance,
to form a heap, to heap:pul-band, s.f.
Embankment; keeping bridges or embankments
H paghy, s.m.=paghaiy, q.v. in repair; a tax levied for this purpose;
sodomy:pulband karn (-k), To commit
sodomy; to ravish, violate;pul n, v.n.
'Bridge to break'; to burst or come forth en

574
masse, to crowd:pul-irt, s.m. A bridge over H paltak [S. +], s.m. A
which (in the belief of Mohammadans) the runaway, fugitive; a cultivator who abandons
righteous will pass into Paradise, and from his land.
which the wicked fall into hell, on the day of
judgment.
H palan, s.f.=palan, q.v.

S pul, s.m. The erection of the hairs of

S pald, s.m. See s.v. pal.
the body (considered as a proof of exquisite
delight).
P pals, s.m. Very coarse cloth, canvass.

H pal [S. +, 'a measure of

H pals, s.m.=pal, q.v.
fluids'], s.m. A large metal ladle or spoon (for
taking out oil, &c.).
H pils (from piln;for s cf.
H pal, perf. part (of paln), Fostered, piys), s.f. A drink, a draught.
nurtured, &c.:pal paly, part. adj. Carefully
or tenderly nurtured. H pals, adj. & s.m.=pal, q.v.

H pall [P. palla; S.+; , &c. S pal, s.m. A leaf; foliage; the
rt. ; and ], s.m. Space, distance, reach, tree Butea frondosa (on which the lac insect
feeds; syn. hk);a species of curcuma,
range (of a gun, &c.); a measure of capacity; a
Curcuma zedoaria, or C. reclinata;a name of
grain-bag, sack; burden (carried on the head or
ancient Bihr or Magadha:palkhya
back), a weight of three maunds; side,
(sa+kh), s.m. Assaftida:pal-ppa (S.
protection, assistance (e.g. kim uske palle-par
hai); side, edge (of a garment, &c.), border; a palsa+parpaaka), s.m. The seeds of the Butea
sheet (generally applied to chintz or shaw); one frondosa (used in medicine).
of a pair of scales; one blade of a pair of shears,
&c.; one shutter or fold (of a door); labium S palak, s.m. The tree Butea
vulv:pall bdhn, v.n. 'To gird (up the frondosa, &c.=pal, q.v.
loins with) the sheet'; to enter the lists against
an enemy:palle bdhn (-ko), 'To tie or fold S pal, adj. & s.m. Leafy,
up (in the skirt)'; to tie to (oneself), make one's covered with foliage;the tree Mimusops
own, to cherish, adopt, accept; to take to wife, kauk; a tree (in general), the Butea frondosa (in
to marry; to derive support or advantage (from); particular); name of a village (said to be the
to bear in mind, to ponder well; to give back, modern Plassey).
give away, make over, assign:pall bhr
hon, v.n. To be heavily laden; to be
encumbered (with a large family); to be S pal, s.f. Cochineal, lac.
entangled (in worldly affairs):palle-par, adv.
At the side (of, -ke);at a distance, far off: S pal, or pals, s.m. (f. -in),
palle-par n (-ke), To come to the side (of), to See s.v. pal.
stand (by), to side (with), to assist, favour,
protect:pall-hun (-k), To shake off, to
S pulk, s.m. A ball or lump of
get rid of:palle-dr, adj. Far-reaching; of
great extent; of great range (as a gun, &c.); boiled rice (see pul`o).
s.m. One who carries sacks of grain; a carrier of
heavy burdens, porter:palle-dr, s.f. Carrying S plksha, s.m. The fruit of the
heavy loads;the business of a porter:pall waved-leaf fig-tree, and of the various trees
len (-k), To sympathize (with), condole called plaksha.
(with); to mourn.
S palgni, s.m. See s.v. pal.
H pill [S. 'blear-eyed'], s.m.
A puppy, pup, whelp. S pall, s.m. Straw; dried grass; the
stalk of the Sorghum (see payl).
H pul, s.m. contrac. of pl, q.v.

575
H paln [S. +], s.m. A
space of ground between two occupied lots left H pal`on, v.n. and v.t.=paln,
for future disposal. q.v.

P paln, = H paln, s.m. contrac. of H pil`, adj. & s.f. Giving to

pln, q.v.
drink; one who gives to drink; price paid for
drinking (used chiefly in comp., e.g. ddh-pil`
H paln, = P paln, s.m. contrac. of
d`, 'A wet-nurse';pn-pil`, 'Price paid for
pln, q.v.
drinking water').

H paln [fr. S. ], v.t. To

H pil`, s.f. Yellowness (=pl`,
cover with straw, to thatch.
q.v.).

H paln [pal = S.], v.n. To

S palyak, adj. & s.m. Fleeing,
flee, run away, to escape.
flying, taking to flight;a fugitive, runaway,
deserter.
H paln, v.n. To descend, come
into the udder (milk=psn). S palya-mn, adj. Fleeing,
running away, taking to flight.
H palnn (from pln or paln),
v.t. To place the paln upon; to saddle a horse S palyan, s.m. Fleeing, running
or bullock.
away; flight, escape; retreat, elopement:
palyan-paryan, adj. Occupied in flight,
H piln (caus. of pn), v.t. To fugitive.
cause to drink, to give a drink of water, &c. to;
to take (an animal) to water; to water, irrigate; P pilpil (S. ), s.m. Pepper.
to cause to take in or absorb; to fill, charge,
prime; to cause to swallow, to thrust down one's
throat, make one believe; to give a blow, send H pilpil, pulpul [S.
through (as a ball, &c.):pilne-wl, s.m. One ], adj. (f. ), Smooth, slippery; soft,
who gives to drink, a cup-bearer:pil-den,
flabby, flaccid; clammy:pilpil hk, s.f. A
v.t. Intens. of &=piln.
smooth shard:pilpile gae, s.m. An absurd or
foolish idea, an impossibility.
S palu, s.m. Onion, Allium
cepa. H pilpiln (fr. pilpil, q.v.),
v.n. To become soft, flaccid, &c.; to become
S palg, s.m. The Gangetic enervated, weak or feeble;v.t. To soften (in
porpoise, Delphinus gangeticus. this sense usually written pulpuln).

H paln, s.f. = H H pulpuln (from pulpul),

pal`o, s.m. (v.n. of paln), Thatching. v.t. To soften by chewing or by turning about in
the mouth, to turn food about in the mouth in
H pal`o, s.m. = H order to soften it (as a person without teeth
paln, s.f. (v.n. of paln), Thatching. does), to mumble.

P H pul`o, vulg. pal`o (S. ), s.m. A H pulpuln [S. redupl. +

dish made of rice boiled in soup with flesh, H. caus. aff. n], v.n. 'To have the hairs erect
spices, &c. through fear or terror,' to be stricken with fear,
to shake or tremble with fear; to fear, dread.
S plva, plv, s.m. Flowing over;
H pilpilha, s.f. Softness,
submersion.
flabbiness.
S plvan, s.m. Immersion;
flooding, deluging; inundation, flood, deluge.

576
H pulpulha, s.f. Softening H pal`o, s.m. Reaction; rebound,
food by turning it about in the mouth, turning contradiction.
food about in the mouth.
H pulis, pulas (corr. of the English), s.f.
H pulpulha, s.f. lit. Poultice.
'Horripilation'; fear, dread, terror.
H palan (corr. of the English), s.f.
Battalion, regiment.
S palit, adj. (f. ), & s.m. Grey, grey-
haired, hoary, old, aged;greyness, hoary- H palan [pala = Prk. ;
headedness:palit, s.f. An old woman.
S. p. p. p. of pari+as], v.n. To turn over,
S pluta, plut, s.m. The third sound overturn, be reversed or inverted; to turn back,
given to vowels, the protracted or continuous return, to retire, retreat; to rebound; to undergo
sound of a vowel (being three times the length a change, to change, alter; to suffer a turn (of
of a short vowel and occupying three moments fortune), to suffer a reverse;v.t. To exchange,
in its utterance). barter; to send back; to remove or transfer (to, -
par):pala-jn, v.n. To go back, retreat,
&c.:pala-den, v.t. (intens.) To drive back,
S pluti, s.f. Bounding, leaping,
repel, &c. (also=palan):pala-len, v.t.
capering; leap, jump, skip, hop. Intens. of &=palan.

H palth, s.m.=palh, and palth, H palh [Prk. ; S.

qq.v.
], s.m. A particular posture in sitting
H palth [Prk. ; S. (=palth, q.v.,used only in comp. with
mrn):palh mrn, v.n.=palth marn,
], s.f. A method of sitting on the hams q.v.s.v. palth.
with the legs rolled round:palth bdhn,
palth mrn, v.n. To sit down on the ground H pulij, s.m. (?), Land cultivated for
resting on the buttocks. every harvest (being never allowed to lie
fallow).
H pal [Prk. ; S.
+; see palan], s.m. Going or turning H pilan (by met., for lipan, or
back, flight, retreat; reverse; turn, stead; change, ipan), v.n. To adhere, to stick (to), cling
exchange, barter; recompense, return, requital, (to).pila-ke, adv. Firmly, resolutely; with all
retribution, retaliation, revenge (syn. badl): one's might.
an iron pan or ladle with a long handle (used to
turn cakes when cooking):pale, palte-me, H palr, s.m.=next, q.
postpn. Instead (of, -ke), in lieu (of), in return
(for), &c. (=badle-me; `iwa):pal khn,
v.n. To turn over, tilt over, turn upside down, H pal, s.m. = H pal,
turn head over heels; to rebound; to suffer a s.f. [pall, q.v.+S. ], The scale (of a balance);
turn (of fortune); to suffer a reverse:pal one of a pair of scales.
len (-k), To take revenge (from, -se), to exact
retribution.
H pal, s.f. = H pal,

H pal (perf. part. of palan), part. s.m. [pall, q.v.+S. ], The scale (of a
adj. (f. -), Requitative; retributive. balance); one of a pair of scales.

H paln (caus. of palan), v.t. H pili [S. ], s.f. A ball or

To cause to turn, to turn; to turn back, return; to lump of chopped meat, forced meat.
convert; to drive back, repel:pal-den, v.t.
To send back; to drive back, repel:pal-len, H pils (from pl), s.f.
v.t. To take back, take in return. Yellowness, yellow hue.

577
H pulasti, = S S palal, s.m. Ground or pounded
pulastya, s.m. Name of an ancient Rishi, one of sesamum;mud, mire, clay.
the mind-born sons of Brahm.
H palam [P. palma; S. ?], s.m.
S pulastya, = H Calumny, scandal:palam lagn, v.t. To
pulasti, s.m. Name of an ancient Rishi, one of calumniate, &c.
the mind-born sons of Brahm.
S pulin, s.m. A sandbank; land
P palasht, and H. pilit, part. adj. deposited by alluvium on the bank of a river; an
& s.f. Polluted, defiled, impure, unclean;an island of alluvial formation or one from which
adulteress, a strumpet. the water has recently withdrawn, a small
island; a sandy beach.
P palak, s.f. The eyelid; eyelash;a
moment, instant (=pal):palak dary, s.m. H paln (neut. of pln, q.v.), v.n. To
Clouds:palak lagn, v.n. Closing of the
be reared, nurtured, brought up; to be fattened;
eyelids; twinkling of the eye:palak makn, to thrive; to become tender or soft.
palk mrn, v.n. To wink, twinkle:palak-
me, palak-ke mrte, adv. In the twinkling of
an eye, in a moment. H piln (neut. of, and also=) peln,
q.v.), v.t. To rush against, to jostle; to attack,
S pulak, s.m. Erection of the hairs of assault (=peln);v.n. To be bruised, thrashed,
trodden, pressed, ground; to labour hard, toil,
the body (considered as occasioned by delight); drudge:pil-pan (-se) v.t. To rush (against),
thrill of joy; joy, delight, pleasure;a species to jostle violently (intentionally or otherwise).
of edible plant;a kind of stone or gem;flaw
or defect in a gem;any kind of insect or
vermin infesting animals;a ball of bread and S pulind, s.m. Name of a barbarous
sweetmeats with which elephants are fed; tribe; a man of this tribe; a barbarian, savage, a
yellow orpiment;a wine-glass, goblet. mountaineer; one who uses an uncultivated and
unintelligible dialect.
H pulkn (from pulak), v.t. To
cause the hairs to stand erect; to give (one) a H puland, pulind [S.
thrill of joy, to delight, rejoice. + , Prk. ], s.m. Bundle, parcel,
package.
S pulkit, part adj. Having the hair
standing erect with delight, thrilled with joy, H palang [S. ], s.m. A bed
delighted, rejoiced, overjoyed, enraptured. (without curtains), bedstead:palang-posh,
s.m. A coverlet, counterpane (com. called
H pulakn (from pulak), v.n. To 'palampore' by Europeans in India):palang-
experience a thrill of joy, to be delighted, to to, s.m. One who is fond of his bed, a lie-a-
rejoice. bed; an aphrodisiac:palang tn or, s.m. 'The
bed and three thieves,' Charles's wain.
S palikn, s.f. An old woman;a
cow for the first time with calf. P palang (S. ), s.m. A panther,
leopard; a tiger:palang-afgan, s.m. Leopard-
S plaksha, plaksh, s.m. The waved- killer; a fierce warrior.
leaf fig-tree, Ficus infectoria;the holy fig-
tree, Ficus religiosa;the tree Hibiscus H pulling, puling [S.
populneoides;a side-door, private or back ], s.m. The masculine gender (in
door;one of the seven dvps or continents into
Grammar): v. pu-ling, s.v. pu.
which the world is divided, also called plakshu-
dvp.
H palang (palang+dim. aff. ,
S pulak, pulk, s.m. A species of fr. S. ), s.f. A small bedstead.
kadamb tree, Nauclea cadamba.

578
P palang, adj. Of or relating to a palang or H pilwn (caus. of piln), v.t.
tiger; tiger-like, fierce, ferocious.
To cause to be pushed, jostled, &c. see piln.

H pall [S. ; cf. pall], s.m. Side

H pilwn (doub. caus. of pn),
(of anything), edge, border, end; hem or border
v.t. To cause drink to be given (to); to give
(of a garment):pall-dr, s.m. A garment with
water to one to drink, &c.=piln, q.v.
a border of gold or silver lace;a maker of
gold or silver borders for garments; a fringe-
maker. S pallavit, part. adj. Sprouting,
having young shoots; having manysprouts;
S pallav, vulg. pallo, s.m. Sprout, possessing the red dye of lac;s.m. The red
dye of the lac insect.
shoot, twig, sprig, spray; bud, blossom; blade
(of grass); the extremity of a branch bearing
new leaves;the red dye of lac:pallav-grh, H palothan, s.m.=palethan, q.v.
adj. Picking up straws; laying hold of trifles;
fastidious; superficial:pallav len (-k), To H palothan, s.f. Meal cakes,
gather a twig; to have a smattering (of), to be bread.
superficial.
H palon, v.n. To tread gently.
H pill [S. ], s.m. A worm; an
insect.
H palauh, pallauh = H
S plav, adj. & s.m. Swimming, palauh, pallauh.
floating;leaping, jumping, plunging; a float, (pahil+uh), adj. (f. -), & s.m. First-born;
raft, boat; one who goes by leaps or jumps; a the first-born, the eldest son.
tumbler; a frog; a monkey; a species of aquatic
bird, Pelicanis Fusicollis; the waved-leaf fig- H palauh, pallauh.
tree, Ficus infectoria;a species of grass,
Cyperus rotundus;a kind of fragrant grass; = H palauh, pallauh
the red dye of lac. (pahil+uh), adj. (f. -), & s.m. First-born;
the first-born, the eldest son.
H palu`, palw, s.m. The
plant Hibiscus cannabinus. H palok, corr. of par-lok, q.v.s.v.
para, par.
H palu`, pal` [pal, rt. of
S pallavak, s.m. A species of
paln, q.v.+S. ], part. adj. & s.m.
fish, Cyprinus denticulatus.
Domesticated, tame;a tame or domesticated
animal;one who is nurtured, fostered, or
protected, a protege. H palwal [S. ], s.m. A species
of cucumber, Trichosanthes dica:palwal-lat
H pil`, pilu`, s.m.=pill, (S. paola+latik), s.f. The palwal plant.
q.v.
S plavan, s.m. Swimming, floating,
H palwr, s.m. A boat from fifteen bathing; plunging into; jumping, leaping,
bounding; deluge, inundation (=plvan).
to twenty tons burden (for carrying goods).
S pallav, adj. & s.m. Sprouting,
H palwr, s.m. A boatman;
having young shoots;a tree.
people belonging to a palwr.
H palwaiy [palw, from palwn
H palwn (caus. of paln & of
+ iy = S. aff. ika], s.m. Nourisher, cherisher;
pln), v.t. To cause to be nourished, have (one)
rearer.
nourished, reared, or brought up; to cause (one)
to nourish, &c.; to bring up; to foster, cherish.
H palla, s.m. Side, &c.; one of a pair of
scales, &c. (=pall, q.v.); the step of a ladder:

579
palla-kash, adj. Taking the side (of), partial;
palla-kash, s.f. Partiality. P palt, adj.=pald, q.v.

S pulaha, s.m. Name of an ancient H palt [S. ], s.m. Ghost, spirit

Rishi, one of the mind-born sons of Brahm
(=pulasti):pulahram (ha+), s.m. Name of
a place of Hind pilgrimage.
H plih, pilh, s.f.=pila`, q.v.
H pulhn [pulh, prob.=S. paper spill with spells and prayers written on it,
], v.t. To persuade (syn. phusln, q.v.).
S plihan, s.m. The spleen (=pila`,
q.v.).
H palihan, palehn; pan.
palhin, s.m. = H palihan,
palehn; palhin, s.f. [S.
+], 'A row of pots,' a stand or shelf
upon which water-pots are placed; a place
where water is kept; a water-jar, pitcher.
H palihan, palehn; the sick as a remedy, or which with cotton
palhin, s.f. = H palihan,
palehn; palhin, s.m. [S.
+], 'A row of pots,' a stand or shelf
upon which water-pots are placed; a place
where water is kept; a water-jar, pitcher.
H pilahi, pilah, pilh, flour put under and over dough when it is rolled
s.f.=pala`, q.v.
H pala` [S. ], s.f. Young (of):palethan nikln (-k), To beat to a pulp
branch or spray of a tree.
of the dead; evil spirit, goblin.
H palt, = P palta, [per met. for
patla, A. fatla;S. , Prk. ], s.m. A
thick wick (generally of cloth); a roll of lint (to
be put into a wound), a suppository (=batt);a
the smoke of which when lighted is in haled by
the sick as a remedy, or which with cotton
rolled round it is used as the wick of a lamp to
ward off the influence of evil spirits, and to cure
one possessed;the match of a gun;a
candle:palt -jn, v.n. To flash in the
P palta, = H palt, [per met. for
patla, A. fatla;S. , Prk. ], s.m. A
thick wick (generally of cloth); a roll of lint (to
be put into a wound), a suppository (=batt);a
paper spill with spells and prayers written on it,
the smoke of which when lighted is in haled by
rolled round it is used as the wick of a lamp to
ward off the influence of evil spirits, and to cure
one possessed;the match of a gun;a
candle:palt -jn, v.n. To flash in the
pan.
H palethan [S. ], s.m. Dry
(syn. ushk);the dregs or mash remaining
after the milk of flour has been squeezed out:
palethan pakn (-k), To contrive the ruin
or mash, to beat severely.

H pal (dim. of pal, q.v.), s.f. A ladle P pald, vulg. pild, adj. Polluted, defiled,
(for oil, &c.). contaminated, impure, unclean, foul, nasty:
pald karn, v.t. To pollute, &c.
S pall, & H. pal, s.f. A small P pald, s.f. Pollution, impurity,
village, hamlet; any number of houses, a uncleanness.
station; a detached portion of a village; a city
(in this sense used as an affix to words forming H palen [prob. fr. S. ], v.t. To
the names of towns, especially in the Dakkhan,
e.g. Trichinopoly);a small house-lizard (syn. irrigate land after ploughing.
hipkal).
H palai, = H
H pila` [S. ], s.f. The spleen; palaih, s.m.=palhin, q.v.
enlargement or inflammation of the spleen.
H palaih, = H
H puliy (dim. of pul), s.f. A small bridge; a palai, s.m.=palhin, q.v.
culvert.

580
H pale`, pale`o (see palen), to a wound or sore:pan-kukr, pan-kk,
s.m. Land watered after ploughing. s.f.=pan-kavv or pan-kauw, s.m. An aquatic
bird, the purple coot, Porphyris poliocephalus; a
water fowl:pan-ga, s.m. A field covered
H pale`o [S. ], s.m. Soup, broth; and saturated with water:pan-go, s.f. The
ground rice or potherbs (used as a thickening chicken-pox:pan-gh, pan-gha, pani-gha,
for soup, &c.);the milk of flour or wheat. s.m.=pan-gha, s.m. A place for drawing water;
a well, or tank, &c. from which water is drawn
S plh, s.f. The spleen, &c.; v. or taken; a passage to a river, river-steps:pan-
pila`:plhri (plh+ari), s.f. The holy fig- mr, s.m. Soil submerged by floods and
tree, Ficus religiosa (which is deemed an enemy rendered unfit for cultivation; low lands where
to the spleen). water lodges; a crop ruined through excess of
rain:pan-mel, s.m. The man who distributes
S plhan, s.m. The spleen water to the beds of a garden or field as it is
taken from a well:pan-hr, pani-hr, pan-
(=plh):plhaghna = plha-atru, s.m. hyr, pan-hr = pan-har, s.m. A man carrying
'Destroying spleen,' or 'enemy to spleen'; the water-pots on his head, a water-bearer;pan-
medicinal plant Andersonia rohitaka hran, pani-hrin, pan-hrin, pan-hrn = pan-
(commonly called Roher or Rohin). hrin, s.f. A woman carrying waterpots on her
head.
H pamr, s.m.=paw, q.v.
H pan; contrac. of p, or S. paa,
H pamman, s.f. Wheat of a superior 'five' (used in comp.):pan-jr, s.f. A medicine
kind. composed of five ingredients (sugar, gh, flour,
cummin-seed, &c.), given to puerperal women;
H pan [Prk. ==S. ], An caudle:pan-sra, s.m. Five sras or chapters
of the Qor`n (cf. pan-sra):pan-ser,
affix which, added to substantives and
s.m.=pan-ser, s.f. A weight of five ser or seers.
adjectives, forms abstract substantives, denoting
condition, state, time of life, occupation, &c.,
and corresponding to the English words which H pan; contrac. of pn, 'betel leaf' (used
end in '-hood,' '-ship,' '-ness,' &c. in comp.):pan-ba, pan-bha, s.m. A
betel-box:pan-mall, s.m.=panwr or pan-
H pan, pani; contraction of pn, w, s.f. Betel-enclosure, betel-garden.
'water' (used in comp.):pan-badr, s.m. Rain
and sunshine:pan-bhatt, s.m. Boiled rice S pan, s.m. Play, gaming; bet, wager;
steeped in water (used for drinking):pan- stake; a throw (of dice); compact, contract,
bhar, s.m. A man who fills water-vessels, or agreement, stipulation; promise; vow; a clause
supplies water to a house:pan-tol, s.m. The in an agreement;wages, hire; reward;an
science of Hydrostatics:pan-akk, s.f. A aggregate sum or number consisting of twenty
water-mill:pan-al, s.m. The science of gans or eighty cowries; a weight of copper of
Hydro-dynamics:pan-or, pan-r, s.m. lit. the same value;a handful (of anything); a
'Water-stealer'; a narrow-mouthed vessel of commodity for sale; price, purchase money;
earth or copper with one or more small holes in marriage portion or fee; wealth, money,
the bottom (used by the followers of Aristotle property:pan-hr, s.m. (f. -in, -in), A
to illustrate the horror vacui: when it is filled faithless person, a promise-breaker.
with water and the mouth stopped no water
flows from the hole below:It is also used as a H pin [S. 'to sound'; or onomat.],
plaything by children):pan-ubb, s.m. A
s.m. Sound, noise, whiz, whistle (of a bullet,
diver; the ghost of a person who has been
&c.).
drowned;a water-fowl:pan-ubb, pan-
ub, s.f. A diver, water-fowl, coot, &c.:pan- S pu (see pus), s.m. Male, male being,
s, adj. lit. 'Water-like'; watery, insipid, man (used chiefly in comp.):pu-savan, adj.
tasteless, vapid:pan-sl, s.m.=pan-sl, & s.m. Bringing forth a male; causing the birth
s.f.=pan sall, s.f. A stand where water is kept of a male child;the first of the essential
for and distributed to travellers, watering- ceremonies of Hind initiation, a religious and
place:pan-kl, s.m. Scarcity of water, domestic festival held on the mother's
drought;famine caused by excess of rain: perceiving the first signs of a living
pan-kap, s.m. A soft wet cloth for application conception:pu-akti, s.f. Manly vigour,

581
manliness, manhood, virility:pu-gav, adj. & bearer, an epithet of iva;s.f. A kind of
s.m., Chief, best, most excellent (=reshh); a stringed instrument, a sort of violin (see pink).
distinguished or eminent person, a hero:pu- S pun-ng, s.m. See s.v. pu.
ling, vulg. pul-ling, s.m. The characteristic sign
H panl, s.m. =
of a man, manhood, virility; the male organ; (in
Gram.) the masculine gender:pun-ng, s.m. H panl, s.f. [S. , ], A
'An elephant of a man,' a distinguished or pipe, tube, any artificial conductor to carry off
preminent man;a white elephant;the or along water, spout; gutter, drain, conduit;
tree Rottleria tinctoria (from the blossoms of (fig.) the lateral hollow along the back-bone of
which a yellowish dye is prepared);a white beasts when very plump:panl par (-
lotus;nutmeg:pun-nakshatra, s.m. me), To have a crease or hollow in the back
A nakshatra or asterism regarded as a male; an through fatness (an animal), to be very plump
asterism under which males are procreated. or fat.
H puna, pun; puni; [S. ], adv. H panl, s.f. = H panl,
Again, once more, &c.=punar, q.v.:puna-
s.m. [S. , ], A pipe, tube, any
puna, puni-puni, adv. Again and again, over
and over again, repeatedly; day by day. artificial conductor to carry off or along water,
spout; gutter, drain, conduit; (fig.) the lateral
H pun, punn [S. ], s.m. Virtue,
hollow along the back-bone of beasts when
&c. (see puya). very plump:panl par (-me), To have a
H pan, Affix=pan, q.v. crease or hollow in the back through fatness (an
H pan [P. pahan, or pahn], s.m. Width, animal), to be very plump or fat.
breadth (of cloth, &c.). H pann [fr. S. ], v.t. To
H pann [S. ], s.m. A beverage; cause the milk to come into the udder of
tamarind-juice or the juice of other sharp fruits animals (=panhn).
made into sherbet. H pinn, v.t. colloq. form
H pann [S. +], s.m. A leaf; of pahinn, q.v.
(page of a book); gold or silver leaf, foil; a H punn (caus. of punn), v.t. To
sheet or plate of metal. cause to abuse, to cause to reproach.
H pann [S. ], s.m. An P panh [Pehl. pneh; Z. pa; S. pna,
emerald. rt. p], s.f. Protection, defence, shelter, shade,
H pann [S. + , or ], s.m. asylum, refuge:panh-dih, s.m. Protector:
panh-dih, s.f. The giving shelter or
The upper part of a shoe. protection:panh den (-ko), To give shelter
H pin; contrac. of pn, q.v. (to), to protect, to harbour:panh len (-k),
H pinn [S. ], s.m. The To take shelter (in), to seek the shelter (of):
panh mgn (-se), To seek protection (from),
residue of seeds which have been ground for
to beg for an asylum; to pray for deliverance
oil; oil-cake (syn. khal).
(from); to avoid, eschew; to implore mercy; to
H pinn [S. ], s.m. A lump; surrender at discretion.
ball (of thread, &c.); a reel (syn. peak). P panh, s.f. (used in comp.), Protection;
H pinn, v.n. See pinn. the being the protector (of).
H punn, v.t. See punn. H pan-ba, s.m. For compounds
of which pan, 'betel-leaf,' is the first member,
H panr, s.m. = see s.v. pan.
H panr, s.f. See panl; panl. P pumba, s.m. Cotton:pumba ba-gosh,
adj. 'Having cotton in the ear'; deaf:pumba-
H panr, s.f. =
doz, s.m. A cotton-carder:pumba-dahan, adj.
H panr, s.m. See panl; panl. Silent in company, taciturn;mealy-mouthed.
S pink, s.m. A staff, club; a bow; a H pan-bhatt, s.m. For compounds
trident or three-pronged spear; the club, bow, or of which pan, 'water,' is the first member, see
trident of the god iva;a musical instrument s.v. pan.
of one string shaped like a bow, a sort of P pumba`, adj. Made of cotton; lined or
violin:pink-nayan, adj. & s.m. Having hard quilted with cotton (a garment, &c.).
or unfeeling eyes;a person with such eyes. H panpn, pampn (caus.
S pink, pinki, adj. & of panapn), v.t. To cause to thrive or flourish,
s.m. 'Armed with a pink or trident'; the trident-

582
to refresh, revive; to promote the prosperity of quinquennial; five years old:panj-sra, s.m.
another. (Rare.) Five sras or chapters of the Qor`n; a stone on
H panapn [panap = S.+], which five sras of the Qor`n are engraved
v.n. To be refreshed, be revived or restored; to (and which is used as a charm):panj-sha,
take root, to grow vigorously or luxuriantly (a s.m. A sort of link or torch with five branches
plant or tree); to thrive, flourish, prosper, for lights (=panja; panj):panj-shamba, s.m.
luxuriate; to recover, revive, get stronger, look Thursday:panj `aib, s.m. The five vices (of a
blooming; to pick up flesh (after sickness); to horse); a very vicious horse;adj. Very
increase in bulk, to get fat. vicious;panj `aib-i-shara`, s.m. The five
vices or sins, viz. robbery; adultery; gaming;
H pinpinn, pinpann (by drunkenness; falsehood;adj. & s.m. Very
redupl. of pin, q.v.), v.n. To twang; to whiz or vicious;one who is very vicious, one who is
whistle (as a bullet, &c.). addicted to the five vices:panj-gna, adj. &
H pinpinha, pinpanha, s.m. Five-fold;the prayers appointed for five
s.f. Whizzing, whistling (of a bullet, &c.). periods of the day:panj-ganj, s.m. The five
senses; the five stated daily prayers (=panj-
H pinpinh, adj. (f. -),
gna); any collection of five things:panj-
Disagreeable, hateful, odious, detestable. gun, panj-gosha, adj. Five-fold, quintuple; five
H pant, s.m.=panth, q.v. cornered, pentangular:male-panj, adj. Turned
five, or ten years old (a horse):naye panj, adj.
H pantaw, s.m. A kind of
Under five years old (a horse).
sweetmeat.
S pij, s.m. Killing; slaughter;the
H panth, =
moon:strength, power.
H panth, [S. , , rt. ], S punj, s.m. Heap, mass, quantity,
s.m. A path, way, road, course; a path in morals multitude, collection, aggregate, the whole.
or religion; doctrine; sect, religious order;
H panj [S. +], s.m. An
calling, vocation, profession, trade, &c.:
panth-kath, s.f. The special and peculiar aggregate of five (e.g. tn panje pandrah, 'three
doctrine or teaching of a religious sect. fives are fifteen');also=panja, q.v.
P panj-b, s.m. See s.v. panj for all
H panth, =
compounds of which that word is the first
H panth, [S. , , rt. ], member.
s.m. A path, way, road, course; a path in morals H pinjr, panjr,
or religion; doctrine; sect, religious order; s.m.=pinjiyr, q.v.
calling, vocation, profession, trade, &c.:
H panjl [S. +;
panth-kath, s.f. The special and peculiar
doctrine or teaching of a religious sect. or +], s.f. A door-frame.
S panthn, s.m. One of the P panjh [Z. pana-ata; S. pana-at],
divisions of hell. adj. Fifty.
P panjhum, adj. Fiftieth.
H panth [S. + ], s.m. A
S pija, s.m. The excretion or
traveller, wayfarer; the observer of any
particular custom or class of opinions; an concrete rheum of the eyes (=pinje).
adherent or follower of any sect or party in S panjar, pinjar, s.m. A cage; a
religious matters. skeleton; the ribs, the thorax; the human frame,
P panj [Z. paan; S. paan], adj. Five; (in the body; a rib:pinjar-hon, v.n. To become a
gaming) cinque; (in horse-dealer's idiom) seven skeleton, to be emaciated, become thin or
years old:panj-b, s.m. 'Five waters or rivers'; lean:injar-pinjar hle hon, v.n. The bones
the land of five rivers, the Panjb (situated to and joints of the frame to become loose.
the north-west of Hindstn):panj-b, adj. &
S pinjar, adj. & s.m. Reddish-
s.m. Of or belonging to the Panjb;an
inhabitant or a native of the Panjb;s.f. The yellow, yellow or tawny;tawny-brown, or
language spoken in the Panjb:panj-angusht, reddish-yellow colour;a horse (probably a
s.m. Cinq-foil:panj-yat, s.f. The five bay or chesnut);gold;yellow or piment.
chapters of the Qor`n which are read during H pinjar, pinjr [S. +],
the period of mourning of a Musalmn:panj s.m.=panjar or pinjar, q.v.:pinjr hon,
tan-i-pk, s.m. The five holy persons, viz. v.n.=pinjar hon, q.v.
Mohammad; 'Al; Ftimah; Hasan; Husain: H panjar, panjr, s.f. A rib
panj-sl, s.m. Five years; a five-year old
(horse):panj-sla, adj. Of five years, (=panjar).

583
H pinjar, pinjr (dim. of pinjr), subjection:panje-wr, adj. Famished, very
wretched.
s.f. A small cage; a bier; a coffin (syn. arth).
P panj, s.f. A sort of link or torch with five
H pinja, pinj, s.m.=pinjr, q.v. branches for lights (=panj-sha; panja).
H panj (panj+dim. aff. ), s.f. The S punj, s.f. Heap, store, &c.=pnj,
number five in the game of ausar. q.v.
S pajik, s.f. A calendar, an H pinjiyr [S. ++
almanac; a journal; account-book; the register ], s.m. One whose business it is to beat and
or record of human actions kept by Yama (the separate cotton, a cotton-carder.
judge of the dead):panjik-kr, s.m. An S pinje, s.m.=pinja, q.v.
almanac maker; an astronomer.
S pinjik, s.f. The ball or roll of H panjer, pinjer [S. +],
cotton from which the thread is spun. s.m. One who joins or solders, one whose
business it is to solder pots and pans, &c.
S pinjal, vulg. pinjl, s.f. Two
H pan-jr [S. +], s.f.
blades of kua grass serving as an implement to
hold certain articles at a sacrifice. See s.v. pan, 'five.'
P panjum, adj. Fifth. S or paa, vulg. pa, adj. & s.m.
S pinjan, s.m. A bow or bow- Five;an assembly of (originally) five men,
shaped instrument used for cleaning cotton. assembly, meeting, council; a body of
arbitrators, court of arbitration; a jury;a
H pinjn, panjn [fr. S. ], v.n. member of a court of arbitration, arbitrator,
To be joined, to be soldered. umpire, judge;the head man of a caste; the
H pinjwn, panjwn (caus. head man of a village;pano, panau (and
of pinjn), v.t. To join, to solder. in Braj), panan, s.m. pl. (of pan), Associates,
companions, friends:
S pinjsh, s.m. The wax of the
padhyay (paa+adh), s.m. Five readings,
ear. sections, or chapters:
S pinjl, s.m. The wick of a lamp. pandhy`, pandhy, s.f. The aggregate of
P panja (rel. n. from panj, q.v.), s.m. An five chapters of the Bhgavat Pur, detailing
aggregate of five; the five of a suit of cards, or the sports of Krisha with the milkmaids:
the five on a die; a cast or turn up of five with pangni (pana+agni), s.m. A collection of
dice;the hand with the fingers extended; five fires amidst which certain Hind devotees
claw, paw (of a tiger, &c.); clutch, grasp, perform penance during the hot season (viz. one
possession, power; the five-fingered instrument fire placed respectively east, west, north, and
of the religious mendicant; a sort of link or south of them, the sun overhead being the
torch resembling the five fingers, or having five fifth);five mystic fires supposed to be present
branches (=panj-sha); a hand made of ivory in the body:panmrit (pana+am), s.m. A
(to scratch the back with); the fore part of a foot mixture consisting of milk, curds, sugar, gh,
or shoe;cinq-foil:panja-phern (-k), To and honey;the aggregate of any five drugs of
twist or turn round the hand of an adversary by supposed efficacy:panmla (a+m), s.m.
interlocking fingers with him; (fig.) to The aggregate of five acid plants, viz. the
overcome, overpower:panja karn (-se), To jujube, pomegranate, sorrel, spondias, and
interlock fingers with an adversary and citron:pan-indr, s.m.=panendriya, q.v.:
endeavour to twist his hand or wrist:panja- panng (a+an), adj. & s.m. Five-limbed,
kash, s.m. An iron instrument resembling a five-membered; having five parts or
hand with which wrestlers exercise themselves subdivisions;five limbs or members of the
by locking their fingers into those of the body; five modes of devotion (viz. silent prayer,
instrument;a kind of bread bearing the marks burnt offering, libations, bathing idols, and
of five fingers:panja lan (-se) = panja feeding Brahmans);a calendar or almanac
karn, q.v.:panja le-jna (-se), To overcome treating of five things, viz. solar days, lunar
an antagonist by twisting his hand or wrist, &c. days, the periods of asterisms, Yogas, and
(=panja phern); to carry off the palm: Karaas;reverence or obeisance made with
panjo-ke bal aln, v.n. To walk on tip-toe; to the arms, knees, head, voice, and look:
walk on stilts, to strut:panja mrn, v.t. To pannan (a+n), adj. & s.m. Five-faced; an
claw; to snap or snatch at;panja-i-maryam, epithet of iva; a lion (often used at the end of
s.f. A grass resembling a pair of claws names of learned men to express respect);
interlocked:panje-me ln, v.t. To get hold pannan, s.f. An epithet of Durg, the spouse
of, get into one's clutches; to bring under of iva:pan-bandh, s.m. A fine equal to the

584
fifth part of anything lost or stolen:pan-
bhadra, adj. & s.m. Having five good
qualities;a sauce or condiment of five good
ingredients; a horse with five auspicious marks
or spots (viz. on the chest, back, face, and
flanks):pan-bht, s.m. The five elements,
earth, air, fire, water, and aether or space;
pan-bht-tm, adj. & s.m. Consisting, or
formed of, the five primary elements;an
epithet of any individual human being:pan-
ptra, s.m. Five cups or vessels collectively;
a rddh in which offerings are made in five
vessels;a small vessel with which water is
poured over the idol while worshipping:
pan-pr, s.m. The five vital airs of the
body:pan-par, s.f. A species of small
shrub:pan-piriy, s.m. One who (whether
Hind or Mohammadan) worships the five
saints (pr) of the Mohammadans:pan-
pallav, s.m. The aggregate of five sprigs or
young shoots of the spondias, rose-apple, bel,
citron, and wood-apple;a medical preparation
from the same:pan-pan-nakh, s.m. The five
kinds of animals allowed to be killed and
eaten, viz. the hare, the porcupine, the alligator,
the rhinoceros, and the tortoise:pan-pr, s.m.
The five prs or Mohammadan saints
(worshipped by most Hinds as well as
Musalmns):pan-tap, s.m. An ascetic who
in the hot weather sits between four fires placed
towards the four quarters with the burning sun
above (cf. pangni):pan-tatva, vulg. pan-
tat, s.m. The five elements (=pan-bht,
q.v.);the five essentials of certain rites (all
beginning with ma, viz.), madya, 'wine,' ms,
'meat,' matsya, 'fish,' mudr, 'mystic
intertwining of the fingers,' and maithun,
'sexual intercourse':pan-trth, vulg. pan-
trath, s.f. Any five chief places of
pilgrimage;bathing on the day of the
Equinox:pa-jan, pan-janya, s.m. The five
kinds or classes of beings, viz.gods, men,
Gandharvas and Apsaras, serpents, and
manes:pa-jan, s.f. An assemblage or
aggregate of five persons:pana-da,
vulg. pana-das, adj. Fifteenth:pana-dh,
adv. In five ways; in five parts; five-fold:
pa-rtra, adj. & s.m. Lasting five nights or
days;a period of five nights;name of a
sacrifice which lasts five days;a general term
for the sacred books of various Vainav
sects:pa-rik, adj. & s.m. Relating to the
five ratios or proportions of numbers;the rule
of five, double rule of three:pa-ratn, s.m.
A collection of five jewels or precious
things, viz. gold, the diamond, sapphire, ruby,
and pearl:pa-ras,pa-ras, adj. Composed
of five metals or fluids:pa-sabd,
s.m.=pan-abd, q.v.:pa-sugandhak, s.m.
Collection of five kinds of aromatic vegetable
substances, viz. cloves, nutmeg, camphor, aloe
wood, and kakkol:pan-sn, s.m. The five
things in a house by which animal life may be
accidentally destroyed,viz. the fire-place, the
curry-slab, the broom, the pestle and mortar,
and the water-pot:pa-kh, pa-kh,
adj. & s.m. Having five branches;the hand:
pa-abd, s.m. Five kinds of sounds;five
kinds of musical instruments:pana-ar, adj.
& s.m. Having five arrows; a name of Kma,
the god of love:pa-faila, s.m. Judgment
by arbitration;the award of a court of
arbitration:pa-karm, s.m. The five actions
of the body; the five kinds of
treatment, viz.giving emetics, purging, giving
sternutatories, and administering enemas of two
kinds, oily and not oily:pa-kany, s.f. (in
Myth.) The five virgins,
viz. Tr,Kunt, Ahaly, Mandodar,
and St:pa-ko, vulg. pa-kos, s.f. The
aggregate of five kos;the pilgrimage road
round the city of Benares:pa-kosh, s.m.
The five sheaths or cases supposed to invest the
soul (viz. the gross form, or the form supported
by food, the organs of action, the organs of
perception including the mind, the intellect, the
elements of identity and divine wisdom):
pan-kol, s.m. The five spices, viz. long pepper,
its root, Chai, or Piper Chaba, plumbago, and
dry ginger:pa-kavali, s.m.=pa-grs,
q.v.:pa-ko, s.m. 'Having five angles,' a
pentagon:pa-khan, pa-khan, adj.
Consisting of five floors, stories, or apartments
(a building), five-storied, &c.:pa-grs,
s.m. Five morsels of food taken to the mouth by
the hand:pa-guna, adj. Five-fold; five
times:pa-gavya, s.m. Five products of the
cow, viz. milk, curds, butter, urine, and cow-
dung:pa-la, s.m.=pa-la, s.f.
'Consisting of five strings or rows'; a necklace
of five strings or rows:pa-lakshan, adj. &
s.m. Possessing five characteristics;an epithet
of a pura or mythological poem (which
ought strictly to comprehend five topics, viz. the
creation of the universe, its destruction and
renovation, the genealogy of gods and
patriarchs, the reigns of the Manus, and the
history of the solar and lunar races):pa-
loha, s.m. A metallic alloy containing five
metals, viz. copper, brass, tin, lead, and iron:
pa-msya, adj. & s.m. Happening every five
months, five-monthly; containing five
months;the ko`il or Indian cuckoo:pa-
m, s.m. A fifth part:pa mnn (-ko), To
regard (one) as an arbitrator, to constitute (one)
an umpire:pana-ma-kra, s.m. The five
essentials of the left hand, viz. wine, man's
flesh, fish, copulation, and gesticulation:
pan-ml, s.m.pa-ml, s.f. A collection or
585
group of five roots or plants with tuberous panyat (or panyat) jt, or jt panyat,
roots, viz. Bel, Premna s.f. An arbitration by persons of the same caste
longifolia, Cassia, Gmelina arborea, and the as the litigant parties:panyat jon,
trumpet-flower;or Hedysarum v.n.=panyat karn, q.v.:
gangeticum, Hedysarum panyat (or panyat) ng, s.f. Private
lagopodioides, Solanum melongena, Solanum arbitration; settlement of family quarrels by
jacquini, and Tribulus lanuginosus:pa- relations:panyat (or payat) sarkr, s.f.
mah-yagya, s.m. The five great sacrifices of A court of arbitration appointed by public
the Hinds, viz. the worship of spirits (by authority:panyat-karn, v.n. To form a
offerings of perfumes and flowers), the worship court of arbitration; to assemble the members of
of progenitors (by obsequial rites), the worship a panyat to sit as umpires:panyat-nma,
of gods (by oblations with fire), the worship of s.m. The written award of a court of arbitration.
the Vedas (by studying them), and the worship H panyat, pan`it =
of mankind (by hospitality):pa-maalla,
adj. Of five stories, five-storied (a building): H panyat, pan`it [S.
pa-nad, adj. & s.m. Having five rivers;an +], s.f. A meeting of any particular
epithet of the Panjb (q.v.s.v. panj):pa- society (generally as a court of inquiry), a court
nakh, adj. & s.m. Five-clawed, having five of arbitration (consisting of five or more
nails;any animal with five claws or toes, e.g. members); a body of arbitrators; a jury, inquest,
elephant, tiger, tortoise, &c.: committee, council (=pan);the award of a
panottar (paa+uttara), s.m. A transit duty of court of arbitration;panyat, s.f.
five per cent.; a deduction from rent, &c. of five Relationship, affinity:
per cent.; a toll-house, custom-house:pana- panyat (or panyat) jt, or jt panyat,
viati, adj. Twenty-five:pana-viatitam, s.f. An arbitration by persons of the same caste
adj. Twenty-fifth:paendriy (a+in), s.m. as the litigant parties:panyat jon,
The five organs of sense (the eye, ear, nose, v.n.=panyat karn, q.v.:
tongue, and skin); the five organs of action (the panyat (or panyat) ng, s.f. Private
hand, foot, larynx, anus, and the organ of arbitration; settlement of family quarrels by
generation). relations:panyat (or payat) sarkr, s.f.
H pana [S. ], s.f. A bow- A court of arbitration appointed by public
string. authority:panyat-karn, v.n. To form a
H pa [S. ], s.m. Any court of arbitration; to assemble the members of
a panyat to sit as umpires:panyat-nma,
collection or aggregate of five s.m. The written award of a court of arbitration.
(see panj and panja); a five-pronged fork
(used in winnowing corn). H panyat, pana`et, adj. Of
H pas, adj. Fifty (=pas, q.v.). or belonging to a panyat; for the meeting of
a panyat, public, common (as a building,
S panl, s.m. Name of a warrior- &c.);equitable, just, right, proper;
tribe and of their country in the north of India; illegitimate, bastard:pan`eti sl, s.m. lit.
name of a prince of that tribe. 'A common, or everybody's brother-in-law,' a
H panl, s.m.=pl, q.v. term of abuse.
S panat, s.f. Five-foldness, five-
H panl, adj. Dexterous, clever,
fold state; collection or aggregate of five
artful, cunning, deceitful.
things;separation into the five elements of
H pannwe, adj. Ninety-five which the body consists, dissolution, death.
(=panwe, q.v.). S panatra, s.m. A fee or duty of
H panwan, adj. Fifty-five five percent. levied on a successful litigant.
(=papan, q.v.). S panatva, s.m.=panat.
H panyat, pan`it =
S pana-daa, adj. For
H panyat, pan`it [S compounds of which pana or pan is the first
. +], s.f. A meeting of any particular member, see s.v. pana.
society (generally as a court of inquiry), a court H panr, s.f. A species of metre.
of arbitration (consisting of five or more S panak, adj. & s.m. Relating to
members); a body of arbitrators; a jury, inquest,
five; consisting or made up of five; bought with
committee, council (=pan);the award of a
five, &c.; taking five per cent.;the number
court of arbitration;panyat, s.f.
five; any collection or aggregate of five; a
Relationship, affinity:

586
five;taxes levied by the zamndrs over and H pandrah-w (w =
above the fixed revenue.
S. ), adj. (f. w), Fifteenth;pandrah-w,
H panak, s.f. A bow-string (=pana,
s.f. The fifteenth day of the month; the fifteenth
q.v.)
day of a half month, the full or the new moon.
S panama, vulg. panam, adj. &
H pandhras, s.f. The fifteenth day
s.m. Fifth;the fifth or (in later times) the
of a month.
seventh note of the Hind musical scale (so
called because, according to the Hinds, its tone H pandhar-w,
is produced by air drawn from five parts of the s.m.=pandarw, q.v.
body, the navel, breast, throat, heart, and H pandharw, adj.=pandrah-
forehead);one of the rgs or musical modes.
w, q.v.
S panam, s.f. The fifth day of
H pandhln, v.t. To coax,
the half month or of the lunar fortnight.
wheedle, &c.=phandln, q.v.
S panan, adj. Five (=pana).
S pana, vulg. pan, s.m. An impotent
H panan, s.m. (Braj pl. of pan), person, eunuch; a catamite.
Associates, companions, friends (=pano). H , pina, vulg. pin, s.m. A round
H panotar [S. + ], s.m. mass, heap, quantity, cluster, collection, lump,
See s.v. pana. ball, globe, knob; a round button; the body,
H pan-or, s.m. See s.v. pan, person; a ball or lump of food, mouthful,
morsel; food, sustenance, livelihood; a cake or
'water.'
ball of meal or flour offered to the manes, a
H pano, s.m. pl. See s.v. pan: funeral cake; an oblation to deceased ancestors
also=po. (a ball or lump of meat or rice mixed up with
H pan-h [S. + , rt. ], milk, curds, flowers, &c. and offered at the
several rddhs to the manes by the nearest
s.m. Running or discharge from a sore, &c.
surviving relations);the dimension of
H panhl, punhl [S. thickness (in Geom.):pindhikr,
+, or ], s.m. The tail of a paper vulg. pin-adhikr, s.m. The superintendent of
kite;a follower; a parasite; one who dogs the a funeral (usually the nearest relation) to whom
steps of another (esp. of a woman). belongs the right of presenting the funeral
H panh [S. ], s.f. A bird: cake:pinlu (pina+lu), s.m. The fruit
of Trewia nudiflora (of Linn.) or Rottlera
panhiyan, Braj. pl. of panh. indica (of Willd.);an esculent medicinal root
P pand, s.m. Advice, counsel, admonition; (described as sweet cooling, and diuretic);
moral maxim:pand-r, s.m. One who takes or yam; sweet potato:pin-bhkpin-bhgi, s.m.
listens to advice:pand-go, s.m. Adviser, One who partakes of, or one who is entitled to a
monitor.
share of, the funeral cake:pin pan (ke), To
P pindr [fr. pindshtan; pi+ni+dshtan;
stick closely (to); to follow persistently, to
Zend vi+ni+rt. dar = S. vi+ni+dhar], s.m.
pursue, to be bent (on); to be intent (on):
Thought, imagination, notion, opinion; self-
pin-pushp, s.m. The tree Jonesia asoca, and its
conceit, pride, arrogance;adj. (used at end of
flower;the China rose;a lotus;the flower
comp.) Thinking, imagining, &c.
of the plantTabernmontana coronaria:pin-
H pandar, = H pandr, Corr. pushpak, s.m. A kind of pot-
of pandrah, q.v. (used in comp.) herb, Chenopodium album:pin-phal, s.f. A
H pandr, = H pandar, Corr. bitter gourd:pin-tailak, s.m. Incense,
of pandrah, q.v. (used in comp.) olibanum:pina-ja, pinaj, s.m. (f. ), Any
H pandarw (i.e. pandrah+w creature born of or with a body:pin
hun (-ke), To escape (from), to be rid (of):
= S. vra+ka), s.m. A fortnight, fifteen
pin hun (-ke), To shake off, to be rid or
days.
quit (of), to escape (from), to avoid:pina-da,
H pandarw, adj.=pandrah- s.m. The relation who presents the funeral cake
w, q.v. to the manes of a deceased ancestor:pin-
H , , pandrah [Prk. dt or pin-dtri = pina-da, q.v.:pin-dn,
s.m. The offering of the obsequial cake:pin-
; S. ], adj. Fifteen.
rog, s.m. Sickness from the time of birth;
general debility and wasting of the body,

587
marasmus; leprosy:pin-rog, adj. & s.n. H panit`in, =
Sickly from birth, constitutionally diseased;
suffering from marasmus;a valetudinarian; H panit`in, s.f.=panitn,
one who is afflicted with marasmus; a leper: q.v.
pin-kharjr, vulg. pin-khajr, pindi-khejr, H panit-na (corr.
s.m. The wild date tree; a cluster of fresh of band-na), s.m. Prison, gaol;a
dates:pin-gos, s.m. Gum-myrrh:pin- gambling house.
must, s.f. A species of grass, Cyperus
H punariy, s.m.=punaryak,
pertenuis;pin-ml, pin-mlak, s.m. The
carrot, Daucus carota:pin-vj, vulg. pin- q.v.
bj, s.m. The flowering shrub Oleander odorum. S punark, s.m. A lotus-flower;
S pan, s.f. Wisdom, intelligence, a white lotus;a kind of sacrifice;a kind of
understanding; science, learning. rice;a kind of leprosy;a species of
snake, Amphisbna;a leopard:the elephant
H pan [S. or +], s.m. A of the south-east quarter:
minister or priest (a Brhman) who presides at punarkksh (ka+aksha), adj. & s.m. Lotus-
the temple of an idol (the office is hereditary; eyed, an epithet of Vishnu.
and in some places, as at Benares, S punaryak, s.m. The flower
the Pan officiates only on special occasions,
the duties of the daily worship being performed of the Hibiscus mutabilis, or the Ketmia
by subordinate priests or pujrs in his employ). mutabilis;a kind of drug.
H , pin [S. ], s.m. A H pin, s.f.=pinl, q.v.
lump; a lump or ball of food; a lump of clay, S panak, s.m. Eunuch, &c.=pana,
&c.; a bundle or ball of string, clew; the body, q.v.
person. pinuk,
H panuk [S. +
S pinr, s.m. A species of
], s.m. A turtle-dove, a dove.
tree, Flacourtia sapida;the tree Trewia
nudiflora. S pinak, s.m. Lump; lump of food
H , pinr, s.m. A (=pin);the frontal globes of an elephant in
rut;incense.
plunderer, free-booter (among Marhas).
S pinik, s.f. The calf of the leg;
S pi-lu, pin-l, s.m. See
any fleshy part of the body; the nave of a wheel.
s.v. pin.
H pinuk, pink (dim. of pinuk),
H
pan-ubb, s.f. See s.v. pan,
s.f. A turtle-dove.
'water.'
S pinil, s.f. A species of
S panit, vulg. panat, adj. & s.m.
cucumber, Cucumis maderaspatanus.
Learned, wise; shrewd, skilful, clever,
educated;scholar, learned or wise man, H , pinl [S. +dim.
learned Brhma; teacher, master, professor, aff. l], s.f. The calf of the leg; the leg; the
doctor, philosopher, Pandit; a title of respect shin:pinl-k gosht, s.m. The fleshy part of
to Hinds who are learned in the Brahmanical the leg, the calf of the leg:pinl-k nal, s.f.
theology:panit-mn, s.m. One who esteems The shin bone.
himself a scholar, an ignorant pedant. H panuni [S. ], adj. Relating
S panitn, s.f. The wife of to the Pnavas or children of the Pnus (see
a panit; teacher, school-mistress. next).
H panit`, s.f. The learning, orH panu, s.m. Name of a sovereign of
the status, of a panit; learning, scholarship, ancient Dehli, &c.=pnu, q.v.
knowledge, wisdom; pedantry, display of H , pan [S. +], s.m. Ripe
learning:panit` karn, v.n. To make a fruit, fruit; a berry.
display of learning.
H panr [S. +], s.f. A
H panit`in, =
species of hawk or falcon.
H panit`in, s.f.=panitn, H pinol [S. ], s.f. A kind of
q.v. pale yellow or white earth used for smearing or
washing the walls of the natives' houses.

588
S pinoli, s.f. Leavings of a H pan-s, adj. See s.v. pan, 'water.'
meal, scraps; fragments dropped from the H pansrat, =
mouth, orts.
H pansrhat, (panr-+S.
S pin, s.f. A round mass, lump, &c.
aff. t), s.f. The business of a pansr or
(=pin, q.v.); the nave of a wheel; a small clew druggist, &c.; dealing in drugs, spices, &c.
or ball of string; the upper part of a iva-ling; a
stone set up as an image of iva; a small altar of H pansrhat, =
sand a cubit square on which oblations to the H pansrat, (panr-+S.
manes are offered;a long gourd, Cucurbita aff. t), s.f. The business of a pansr or
lagenaria;a species of palm, Phnix druggist, &c.; dealing in drugs, spices, &c.
dactylifera;the flowering
H pansr-ha, s.m. See
shrub Tabernmontana coronaria:pin-tak,
s.m. The tree Vangueria spinosa; the next.
shrub Tabernmontana coronaria:pin- H , pansr [S. +
tagar, s.m. A species of the Tabernmontana ; or +, rt. + ], s.m. A vendor of
coronaria.
drugs, spices, herbs, groceries, &c.; a druggist,
H paniyyan, pani spicer, grocer, &c.; (in comp. the word is
y`in, s.f. The wife of a pan or priest;the contracted to pansr, e.g.)pansr-ha, s.m.
wife of a pne. Druggists' quarter, locality where there are
S pinr, s.m. Cuttle-fish bone. many pansr's shops.
H puneriy, punery, s.m. A H pan-sl, s.m. See s.v. pan,
'water.'
kind of drug, &c.=punaryak, q.v.
S pus-tva, s.m. The being a male;
S punar, adv. Again, afresh, anew, once
the state of a male; manhood, virility; semen
more; back, in an opposite direction or way; on
virile.
the contrary; further, furthermore, besides; but,
however, nevertheless; also; afterwards: S pu-savan, s.m. See s.v. pu.
punar-rambh, s.m. Fresh beginning, H panso`, s.f. A kind of small
renewal:punar-ya, adv.=punar, q.v. punar-
boat, a skiff.
vartit, part. Repeated:punar-utthn, s.m.
Resurrection:punar-ukta, part. adj. & s.m. H pins [S. , i.e. ++],
Said over again, repeated;repetition, s.f. Inflammation of the schneiderian
tautology:punar-ukti, s.f.=punar-ukta: membrane; ulcer in the nose.
punar-basu, s.m.=punar-vasu, q.v.:punar- H pan-ser, s.f. See s.v. pan, 'five.'
bh, s.f. Re-existence;a virgin widow
remarried:punar-janma, s.m. (f. ), New or S pu-al, s.f. See s.v. pus.
second birth; the birth of new principles within, H pinan (corr. of the English), s.f.
leading to a change of life and character, Pension; an office in which there is little or
regeneration; future birth by transmigration, nothing to do, a sinecure:pinan den (ko-),
metempsychosis:punr-nav, s.f. lit. To grant a pension or retiring allowance (to):
'Becoming new or young again'; hog- pinan len, v.n. To retire on a pension.
weed,Brhavia procumbens:punar-vasu,
S paka, vulg. pank, s.m. Mud, mire,
s.m. Name of the seventh nakshatra;an
epithet of Vishu; and of iva. clay, dirt; slough, quagmire:pank-prabh, s.f.
'Hell of mire,' one of the seven divisions of
H pi, s.f.=pinl, q.v.
hell:panka-ja, pankaj, s.m. 'Mud-born'; any
S panas, s.m. The bread-fruit or Jak species of the lotos;panka-j, s.f. An epithet
tree, Artocarpus integrifolia;a thorn;a of Durg:panka-dhm, s.m. Name of one of
species of serpent. the divisions of hell:panka-ruh, s.m. 'Mud-
S pus, s.m. Male, man, human being; growing'; a lotus;the Indian crane:pank-
ukti, s.f. 'Mud-shell'; a species of mussel or
servant, attendant; the soul, spirit (see pu): cockle:panka-kr, s.m. The lapwing:panka-
pu-al, s.f. lit. 'Running after men'; a wanton grh, s.m. The marine monster
or unchaste woman, harlot:pu-ihna, s.m. called makara or magar; an alligator:pank-
The characteristic of a male, membrum virile. gaak, s.m. A small fish, Macrognathus
S panas, vulg. pans, s.f. A disease, pancalus:panke-ruh, s.m. A lotos; a water-
pustular and phlegmonoid inflammation of the lily; a crane (=panka-ruh).
skin or external organs; pustules. H pak, s.m.=pak, q.v.

589
S pakr, s.m. The aquatic snake, serpent; a serpent-shaped demon;an
emerald (cf. pann).
plants Blyxa octandra or vallisneria, and Trapa
bispinosa;a mound, embankment, dam, dike. S pagu, adj. See pagu.
S pakti, pakt, s.f. A row, line, S pinga, vulg. ping, adj. & s.m. (f. -),
or set of five; line, range, row, series (=pt, Reddish-brown, tawny, yellowish, brown;
q.v.); group, flock, troop, multitude, company; tawny colour;pingksh (pinga+aksha), adj. &
(in comp., as first member) ten:pakti-ar, s.m. Tawny-eyed, brown-eyed;any brown-
s.m. (f. - or -), lit. 'Going in a line'; an eyed creature; an ape or monkey;a name
osprey:pakti-rath, s.m. lit. 'Having ten of iva:ping-akshu, s.m. lit. 'Tawny-eyed'; a
chariots,' a name of king Daa-rath. crab:ping-kapi, s.f. lit. 'Tawny-brown'; a
S pankaj, s.m. See s.v. panka. species of cockroach.
H pug, s.m.=pg, q.v.
H pank, s.f.=pakh, q.v.
H pag,
H pakh [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
vulg. ping [S. or +], adj. (f. -),
Feather; wing, pinion; pakh-wl, adj. (f. -),
Winged, feathered; finned. Watery, thin, weak; delicate, tender.
H pakh [S. +], s.m. A fan; H pag, adj. Crooked, deformed, &c.,
ventilator. see pangu.
H pakhr, = H pangs, s.m. A species of fish
(see next).
H pakh, (pakh, q.v.+dim.
S pig, vulg. pangs, s.m. A
aff. r or or ), s.f. Petal, leaf of a flower
(=pakh). kind of fish, Pimelodius pangasius;the chief
of a community of wild tribes; the headman or
H pakh, = proprietor of a village.
H pakhr, (pakh, q.v.+dim. H pagat, pagit, pangti, s.f.
aff. r or or ), s.f. Petal, leaf of a flower Line, row, &c.=pankti and pt, qq.v.; a row of
(=pakh). people sitting down at a meal; a company where
H pakh (dim. of pakh), s.f. A seats are allotted according to rank; society,
small fan, a fan. fellowship, brotherhood; body, band, company;
tribe, caste:pangat-bi likhat,
H pakh [S. ], s.m. lit. 'Having
Interlineation:pangat-se bhar, adj. & adv.
wings'; a bird;s.f. A kind of woollen cloth Out of caste.
which comes from the hilly countries. S pangut, s.f. =
H pakhiy [S. +], s.f. A
S pagutva, s.m. Lameness;
small fan (dim. of pakh).
deformity, crookedness, bandy-leggedness.
H pakhiy [S. +], s.m. A
S pagutva, s.m. =
kind of faqr who fans everybody.
H pankhiy [S. +], adj. & S pangut, s.f. Lameness; deformity,
s.m. Impure, immoral, wicked; perverse, crookedness, bandy-leggedness.
obstinate;an immoral or wicked man, &c. H pagt, s.f.=pangat, q.v.
H pakhe`, pakhe`i, adj. H pigur, s.m.=pigr, q.v.
= pakhiy. H pugariy, s.f. A kind of nostril
H pink (from pn; see pnak, & cf. ornament.
P. pnag), s.f. Intoxication (from eating opium, S pangul, adj.=pangu, and pangl,
&c.); drowsiness, heaviness, &c. (=pnak).
q.v.;s.m. A horse of a glossy or silvery-white
S panke-ruh, s.m. See s.v. panka. colour;also=pagut, q.v.
H pakel, pakl [S. S , pigal, adj. & s.m.=piga,
+], adj. (f. -), Muddy, miry, clayey, dirty, q.v.; fire; the sun; a monkey; a tiger; an
&c. ichneumon; name of a fabulous being in the
form of a ng or serpent of the lower regions to
S pannag, & whom a treatise on prosody is ascribed (and
H. panag (panna+ga), s.m. A reptile, who is hence considered as an inspired and
divine personage); the art of prosody;name of

590
an ancient Hind grammarian (author of a H pighr, =
treatise on the prosody of the Vedas).
H pighl, s.m.=pigr, q.v.
H pagul, pagl [S.
H pighl, =
+], adj. & s.m. (f. -), Lame, deformed,
&c.=pagu, q.v. H pighr, s.m.=pigr, q.v.
S pingal, s.f. A particular vessel of H pug, s.f.=pg; and pg, qq.v.:
the body (the right of three canals running from pug-phal, s.m. Betel-nut, the fruit of
the os coccygis to the head, which, according to the Areca catechu (=pg-phal).
the anatomy of the Yoga school of philosophy, S pu-ling, s.m. See s.v. pu.
are the chief passages of breath and air);the
female elephant of the South quarter;name of H punam, s.m.=puya, q.v.
a courtesan who became remarkable for her H punim, punnim, punam
piety. , s.m.=prim, q.v.
S pingalit, part. adj. Made H pinn [prob. fr. S. ], v.n. To
reddish brown; become tawny; of a tawny be cleaned or carded (cotton=dhunn).
colour.
H punn, v.t. To reproach, revile,
S pigalik, s.f. A kind of
abuse; to disgrace.
bee;a variety of the owl;a species of crane.
S paav, & H. panav, s.m. A sort
S pagu, adj. & s.m. (f. pangv). Lame,
of musical instrument, a small drum or tabor
crippled, halt, deformed, crooked-legged, (used to accompany singing);a species of
bandy-legged;One who has lost his legs; a metre.
cripple; a bandy-legged person.
S paav, s.f.=paav, q.v.
S pugav, adj. See s.v. pu.
H pawr, puwr [S.
H pan-go, s.f. See s.v. pan,
'water.' ], s.m. A species of tree, Cassia tora.
H pigr, =
H pawr, s.m. The Greek partridge
H pig, =
(=akor);name of a Rjpt tribe (cf. pawr
H piga, = and pawriy).
H pigl, [S. ], s.m. A
child's hammock, a cradle. H pawr, s.m.=panw, q.v.
H pig, =
H pigr, = H pan-wr, s.f. See s.v. pan,
'betel-leaf.'
H piga, =
H pigl, [S. ], s.m. A H pawriy, s.m.=pawiy,
child's hammock, a cradle. q.v.
H piga, =
H pigr, = H paw [S. , or ],
s.m. A panegyric or encomiastic piece in a kind
H pig, =
of alliterative poetry recounting the
H pigl, [S. ], s.m. A achievements of a warrior, the talents and
child's hammock, a cradle. attainments of a scholar, or the powers, virtues
and excellencies of a person generally; epic
H pigl, =
poem; ballad, legend, story, tale, fable.
H pigr, =
H pig, = H pan-w [S. ++],
H piga, [S. ], s.m. A s.m. A plate or dish made of leaves to eat on;
twigs of the babl tree lopped off the trunk.
child's hammock, a cradle.
H paghat, s.f.=pagat, q.v. H pan-w [S. +?], s.m.
H pan-gha, s.m. See s.v. pan, A vender of pn or betel leaves.
'water.'

591
H pawiy [paw+iy = S. H panh [S. + ], s.f. Slipper,
ika], s.m. Panegyrist, bard, story-teller (see sandal, shoe, boot.
paw).
H panhiyr, panhyr,
H pinwn (caus. of pinn), v.t. s.m.=panhr, q.v.s.v. pan, 'water.'
To get or have (cotton) cleaned or carded.
H panhiy` [S.
H punwn (caus. of punn), v.t. +], adj. & s.f. Afflicted with the
To cause to be reproached or reviled, cause to fluor albus; one so afflicted.
be abused, cause to be disgraced.
H panh, s.f.=panh, q.v.
H pinw`, s.f. The price paid for
having cotton cleaned or carded.
H pa [S. + ], adj. Under a
H pan-ol, s.m. Land watered after vow; resolute (see pran).
ploughing.
H pann [S. , or +], s.f. A
S punah, adv. Again, afresh, leaf of metal; foil (of a jewel), tin-foil; tinsel;
a long grass used for thatching.
&c.=punar, q.v.:punah-punah, punah-punar,
adv. Again and again, repeatedly; day by day; at
one timeat another time:punah-kathan, H pann, s.m. Name of a tribe of
s.m. Repetition, tautology. Pahns.

H panh [P. pahn], adj. Wide, broad, H pinn, s.f. A kind of sweetmeat,
spacious. balls of rice-flour and sugar.

H panh, s.m.=panh, q.v. H puni, pun, adv.=punah, punar,

q.v.
H panh, s.m. Money paid for a clue
to lost property, &c.; the person to whom H puni, s.f.=pn, q.v.
money is paid for the clue.
S puya; see puya.
H pan-hr, s.m. See s.v. pan,
'water.'
H paniy [S. ], s.m. Water
S pan-hr, s.m. See s.v. pa, (=pn):paniy-kl, s.m. Scarcity of water;
famine caused by excess of rain (=pan-kl).
'Wager,' &c.

P pinhn, adj. Secret, hidden, concealed. H paniy [pan = S.pnya+iy = S.

ika], adj. & s.m. Of or belonging to water;
H panhn, v.t.=pann, q.v. living in water; watery; aquatic (=pn-k);
anything that lives in water; a water-snake; a
water-fowl, the purple coot, Porphyrio
H pinhn, v.t. To put on, to poliocephalus (=pan-kavv, q.v.).
clothe, &c.=pahinn, q.v.:pinh-den, v.t.
Idem. S piy, pay, s.f. Heart-pea,
Cardiospermum halicacabum.
P pinhn, s.f. Concealment, secrecy.
H puny, s.m.=puyh, q.v.
H pan-har, s.m. See s.v. pan,
'water.'
H paniyr, = H
H pinhan, pinhn, v.n.=pahinn, paniyr, s.m.=paniyl, q.v.
q.v.

592
H paniyr, = H course of conversation; not to come straight to
the point;to make out a claim.
paniyr, s.m.=paniyl, q.v.

H panl [S. =H. pan+],

H paniyr [S. +?],
adj. (f. -), Watery, thin; insipid, tasteless
adj. Watered, flooded, inundated.
(=pan-s).
S piyk, s.m. Oil-cake; incense;
H punm, s.m. The full moon
saffron assaftida.
(=pri-m, q.v.).
H paniyl [S.
S paya, adj. & s.m. Saleable,
+], s.m. A kind of fruit, vendible;any article or commodity for sale:
Flacourtia cataphracta. paya-sl, s.f. Market, bazaar, shop; a
warehouse.
H paniyn, panyn (fr. pn,
'water,' q.v.), v.t. To water, irrigate;v.n. To S puya, adj. & s.m. Good, pure,
yield water, to throw off water (as milk in holy, righteous, virtuous, right, just; happy,
coagulating); to drip, trickle, ooze; to water (as prosperous, favourable, propitious, auspicious,
the tongue); to become thin and watery. lucky; bright, fine, beautiful, pleasing; sweet,
fragrant;good, right, virtue, moral or religious
S puyh, s.m. See s.v. puya. merit; virtuous action, a good or meritorious
act; happiness; welfare; good fortune:
punytm (ya+t), adj. Pure-souled, righteous,
H puny` [S. +], s.f. A
virtuous, holy, pious, religious; charitable;
virtuous action performed (according to those continent:puyrth lagn (ya+ar), v.t. To
who hold the doctrine of the metempsychosis) leave as a legacy:puyh (ya+aha), s.m. A
in one state of existence, the reward of which is good, happy, or auspicious day, a holy-day, a
received in a future transmigration;merit of day on which religious observances are
an ancestor rewarded in his descendants. enjoined; the day on which tenants make the
first payment of annual rents to their landlord,
H punt [S. ], part. adj. Pure, and on which the amount of revenue to be
clean. collected in the ensuing year is fixed:puya-
bhmi, puya-bh, s.f. The holy land of the
P panr, s.m. Cheese:panr an (-ko), Hinds (bounded on the north by the
To flatter and please another to one's own Himalayas, on the south by the Vindhya
advantage:panr-my, panr-mv, s.m. mountains, and on the east and west by the
Runnet. sea);the mother of a male child:puya-
pratp, s.m. The might and efficacy of virtue or
H panyar (corr. of the English), s.m. A of the merit acquired by a course of virtuous
spaniel; a pointer. acts:puya-phal, s.m. The fruit or reward of
good works or meritorious actions:puya-
H panrak = H paner, tri, s.m. Holy grass, the white variety of kua
panr, s.f. A patch or parcel of fruit or grass:puya-trth, s.m. A holy shrine, a place
of pilgrimage:puya-dyak, adj. Imparting
flower trees for transplantation;a young
religious merit:puya-daran, adj. & s.m. Of
flowering shrub or plant.
beautiful appearance;the blue jay:puya-
dar, adj. Regarding or taking note of religious
H paner, panr, = H merit:puya-sthn, s.m. Sacred place, holy or
panrak s.f. A patch or parcel of fruit or consecrated ground:puya-l, adj. Of a
flower trees for transplantation;a young virtuous disposition, disposed to virtuous acts,
flowering shrub or plant. virtuous, pious, righteous:puya-kj, puya-
karm, s.m. A virtuous or meritorious act:
P panr, adj. Made of cheese, cheesy; puya-karm, adj. & s.m. Doing good works,
adv. After the manner of manufacturing upright, righteous, virtuous, pious;a person
cheese:panr (or panr-k) jamn, v.n. To whose actions are holy or meritorious, &c.:
mention a circumstance or thing in which one is puya-grma, s.m. Village of virtue or merit;
interested in a casual or off-hand manner in the happy or fortunate village:puya-grmya,

593
adj. Of or belonging to a holy village:puya- H paw` [orig. ; S. +],
gandha, adj. & s.m. Sweet-scented, fragrant; s.f. Chain for the leg, fetter, stocks;the leg of
the amp-flower, Michelia champaka: a boot or stocking; an odd shoe or slipper.
puya-lok, s.m. The abode of the holy and
S ppa, vulg. pp, s.m. A cake (=p`,
blessed, heaven, paradise:puya-vn, puya-
vant, adj. Possessing merit, meritorious, &c. q.v.); bread:ppshaka (pa+ash), s.f. The
(=puya):puyoday (ya+ud), s.m. Good eighth day of the second half of the
fortune considered as the result of virtuous acts month Mrgr (Nov. Dec.) on which cakes of
done in a former life. rice are offered to the manes:ppa-kr, ppa-
kar, s.m. A baker.
H panh, s.m. Anything living in
S pplika, s.m. (f. -ik), A cake.
water, &c. (=paniy, q.v.).
H pana`, s.f.=panh, q.v. S ppl, s.f. A sort of cake or
biscuit made of meal or barley half baked or
H p, s.m.=p`, q.v.
fried.
H po, pau, s.f. The dawn (=poh, q.v.). H pop, s.m. A species of the winter
H pau [S. ], s.f. Place for watering cherry, Physalis angulata (sometimes called the
cattle; a shed on the road-side for country gooseberry: cf. papoan);an eyelid
accommodating travellers with water, place (=papo).
where water is distributed, a drinking fount H ppal, vulg. ppl, s.m. (f. -), A
(=pauh, q.v.):pau-sar, s.m.=pau-l, kind of sweet cake of wheaten flour fried
s.f.=pau. with gh or oil (=p`, q.v.).
H pau, s.f. The one or ace on dice:pau- H popl (see pulpul, 'soft'), adj. &
brah, s.f. The ace and the twelve in dice; (fig.) s.m. Toothless;one who has lost his teeth.
good luck, good fortune, success;pau-brah
pan (-ko), To have a stroke of fortune, to H popln, v.t.=pulpuln, q.v.
come off well or successful:pau-akk, s.m. H popl`, s.f.=pulpulha, q.v.
Gambling with dice.
H popn, s.f. A wind instrument; a
S pavi, s.m. The tire of a wheel; the
mouth-piece for certain wind instruments
metallic point of a spear or arrow;the (composed of a rolled leaf of the Borassus); a
thunderbolt of Indra. child's whistle made of the leaf of the Borassus,
S p` [S. ], s.m. A cake made of or of a mango-seed.
flour and sugar and fried in gh or oil. S pavit, part. Purified, cleansed.
H po` [S. +], s.m. A nursling of H pavit, adj. & s.m.=pavitra, q.v.
any animal; the young of a serpent; a plant; a
S pivat, adj. Drinking.
pot-herb (=po`, q.v.).
H paww, pauw [S. +], H pt [S. ], s.m. A son; the young of
s.m. A weight or measure of a quarter of a ser; an animal;pto phaln, v.n. To be rich in
a quarter; a quart measure. children, be prolific; to thrive, prosper:pt-
P pawj (irreg. Ar. pl. of pj), s.m. Mean zambr, s.m. A young monkey.
people. &c. (see pj). S pta, vulg. pt (rt. ), part. Cleansed,
H puwr, pu`r, po`r, purified; pure; sincere, true:
s.t.=po`l, q.v. pttm (pta+tm), adj. & s.m. Pure-minded,
pure; virtuous; sincere; veracious;a purified
H paw, po`,
or pure person; one purified by ablution, a
s.m.=paw q.v. cleanly person; a saint, ascetic:pt-phal,
H puwl, pu`l, po`l [ s.m. lit. 'Pure-fruited'; the Jak or bread-fruit
tree, Artocarpus integrifolia (=panas).
S. ], s.f. Coarse straw (used as fodder,
S pti, s.f. Purification, purity, sanctity.
&c.).
H po`n [fr. S. + ], v.t. To S pta, vulg. pt (rt. ), adj. Putrid,
warm by the sun or the steam of water; to bask fetid, foul-smelling.
in (the sun) S pti, adj. & s.f. Putrid, fetid, foul-
H po`n (caus. of pon), v.t. To smelling:putrefaction, fetor, stench, stink;
have bread made or baked, &c. filthy water; ichor, pus, matter; the substance
called civet; the civet-cat:pti-phal, pti-
phal, s.f. lit. 'Bearing ill-smelling fruit'; a

594
species of medicinal plant, Serratula
anthelminthica;the plant Psoralea
corilifolia;pti-rij, s.f. The pole-cat; civet-
cat:pti-kshh, s.m. A species of pine, Pinus
deodora; Pinus longifolia:pti-karaja, pti-
karanja, s.m. A species of shrub,Guilandina
bonducella:pti-karaka, pti-kara, s.m. A
disease of the ear accompanied with a discharge
of fetid matter:pti-viksh, s.m. 'The ill-
scented
tree,' Calosanthes (or Bignonia) indica:
ptyan (pti+ana), adj. & s.m. Having
stinking eggs; an insect with a fetid smell, the
flying bug; the musk-deer.
S pota, vulg. pot, s.m. The young of cleansing; morally or physically pure, holy,
any animal; a young elephant ten years old; a
young plant or tree; the young shoot of a plant;
a fetus which has no enveloping membrane;
cloth, a garment; the site or foundation of a
house; a vessel, ship, boat:pota-ja, potaj, s.m.
An animal which is produced or developed
from a fetus which has no enveloping
membrane (as an elephant and certain other
quadrupeds, which are supposed, in the
physiology of the Hinds, to carry their young
without the aid of an ovarium or uterus).
H pot [S. ], s.m. Glass beads, of Hardwr); the twelfth day of the light half of
beads:pot pr karn (-k), To make up the
full complement, to make up a deficiency; to
play one's part.
H pot [S. , or ], s.m. Quality, means of purification; a knotted piece
disposition, nature; habit;turn, time.
H pot [S. ], s.m. Dung, ordure, of silken beads.
excrement.
H pot, = H pot, [P. pta;
S. ], s.m. The treasury or the treasure-bags
of government; the treasure bag of a village
made up for the district treasury;assessment
on cultivated fields; rent, revenue:pot-dr,
s.m. A treasurer;pot-dr, s.f. The office of
treasurer, treasurership.
H pot, = H pot, [P. pta;
S. ], s.m. The treasury or the treasure-bags
of government; the treasure bag of a village
made up for the district treasury;assessment
on cultivated fields; rent, revenue:pot-dr,
s.m. A treasurer;pot-dr, s.f. The office of
treasurer, treasurership.
H pot [S. ], s.m. A son's son, H pavitrat`, s.f. Moral or
grandson.
H pot [S. +], s.m. A stick or cleanness.
brush used in plastering or applying a wash of
mud to walls and roofs, a white-washing brush.
H pot, s.m.= pota, q.v.
S ptatva, s.m. (f. -t), Cleanliness,
purity, sanctity; honesty, sincerity; truth
S ptatva, s.m. (f. -t), Foulness of
smell, stink.
S pota-ja, potaj, s.m. See
s.v. pota, pot.
S pavitra, vulg. pavitr, s.m. Means of
purification; kua grass, sacrificial grass, Poa
cynosuroides; a purifying prayer or mantra; the
sacred thread, Brhmanical cord;any divinity,
as Agni, &c.
S pavitra, vulg. pavitr, adj. Purifying,
sinless, free from sensual propensities,
undefiled, clean, nice:pavitrtm (tra+t),
s.m. The Holy Spirit.
S potra, s.m. The snout of a hog; a
ploughshare.
S pautra, s.m. A grandson (=pot,
q.v.).
S pavitr, s.f. A holy woman;holy
basn, Ocymum sanctum; name of a river
(the Pabar, a little to the north-west
the month rvan (on which a festival is
observed in honour of Vishu).
H pavitr [S. ], s.m. A
of kua grass (used by the Hinds in
purification); the Brhmanical thread; a string
H potr, s.m.=pot, q.v.
S pavitrat, s.f. =
H pavitrat`, s.f. =
S pavitratva, s.m. Moral or
physical purity, holiness, sanctity, purity,
cleanness.
H pavitrat`, s.f. =
S pavitrat, s.f. =
S pavitratva, s.m. Moral or
physical purity, holiness, sanctity, purity,
cleanness.
S pavitratva, s.m. =
S pavitrat, s.f. =
physical purity, holiness, sanctity, purity,
S pautrik, adj. Of or belonging to
a son or to a grandson.
595
S pavitr, s.f. A ring of kua grass, (ascribed to the demon Ptan);yellow
myrobalan, Terminalia chebula or citrina.
or of gold, silver, or copper worn on the ring
finger and the forefinger by Hinds during
religious worship. H potn [fr. S. ], v.t. To smear
or wash with mud, to besmear, to plaster, to
H ptr, s.f.=putl, q.v. whitewash;s.m. A stick or brush for
plastering, &c.=pot, q.v.
S potr, s.m. lit. 'Having a snout'; a P pota (S. pua), s.m. The scrotum (=fota,
hog, boar. q.v.).

S pautr, s.f. A son's daughter, H poth, s.m. A small glass bead

granddaughter. (=pot, q.v.).

H pot [S. 'cloth' + dim. aff. H poth [S. ], s.m. A large

= S. ], s.m. Baby-cloths, clouts:poto-
k amr, s.m. A gentleman from (his) infancy.
H pot [S. +dim. aff. ], s.f.
The after-birth.
S ptik, s.m. Grey bonduk,
Guilandina bonducella.
S potak, s.m. The young of an
animal; a young plant; a young mango; the
foundation of a house.
book, a book, a manuscript (written on long
separate leaves of paper or palmyra connected
by a string through the centre).
S pothak, vulg. pothk, s.f. Red
pimples on the eyelids.
H pothl (see pol), s.m. A
porter's load (esp. of grain).
H poth [S. ], s.f. A book
(=poth, q.v.).

S ptik, s.f. A species of pot- H poth [S. ], s.f. A clove of

herb, Basella lucida;a pole-cat, civet-cat: garlic.
ptik-mukh, s.m. A bivalve shell.
H pot [S. ], s.f. A son's
S potik, s.f. A young female of daughter, grand-daughter.
any animal;the pot-herb Basella lucida
(=ptik, and po`). H pot [S. +], s.f. The young
female or any animal.
S potak, vulg. potk, s.f. The pot-
herb Basella lucida;a kind of bird, Turdus H pot [S. +; or dim. of
macrourus. pot], s.f. Red cotton, or cotton wool saturated
with a red dye (used for the purposes of red ink,
H ptl, s.m.=putl, q.v. staining, painting, &c.; syn. alt).

S pauttalik, s.m. An image- H potiy [S. 'cloth' or

worshipper, idolater. +], s.m. A cloth worn round the loins at
the time of bathing.
H ptl, s.f.=putl, q.v.
H potiy (see pot, 'turn'), s.m. The
S ptan, vulg. ptn, s.f. Name of a next in turn.
female demon (said to cause a particular disease
in children. She was sent by Kans to destroy the H potiy, s.m. A kind of toy or
infant Krisha; but when she offered him her plaything (=post, q.v.).
poisoned breast to suck, he seized and held it
till he sucked away her life);a kind of S ptk, s.m.=ptik, q.v.
disease, atrophy and wasting in a child

596
 H po, s.f. A bird's crop, &c.=po,
S ptyan, s.m. See s.v. pti. q.v.

H p [S. ], s.m. Name of a bone H poiy (po+iy = S. ika), s.m.

lying over the tail of a cow; a flux for metals; One who carries a bundle or load, a porter
menstruum. (=moiy).

H po [S. or ], s.f. A bundle, P pj, adj.=p, q.v.

bale, package, a load (=pushtwr and mo);
heap, pile, quantity; a cloth in which grain is H pj [S. ], adj. To be honoured,
tied up; a cloth in which a corpse is wrapped, a honourable, respectable, venerable; fit for or
shroud;a spout:po-gal, s.m. A species of deserving adoration, adorable, worshipful:
reed, Arundo tibialis;a kind of grass, pj-mn, adj. Idem; (also) being honoured or
Saccharum spontaneum. respected; being adored or worshipped.

H po [S. +], s.m. The young S pj, s.f. Honour, worship, respect,
of an animal; an unfledged bird;young reverence, veneration, homage (to superiors),
children; household gods. adoration (of the gods); idol-worship,
idolatry:pj-ugl, s.f. The finger with
H po [S. +], s.m. The eyelid; which andan is applied or sprinkled;the
finger on which the wedding ring is worn by
the crop or craw of a bird; stomach; capacity;
European women:pj-ph, s.f. The
mucus of the nose, snot (=po).
attending for religious purposes on study and
idol-worship:pj-sthn, s.m. A place of idol-
S po, s.f. A woman with a beard; a worship:pj karn (-k), To offer adoration,
hermaphrodite; a female servant. &c. (to), to worship, &c.=pjn, q.v.

H pk (see p and ph), s.f. (A H pjp, s.m.=pujp, q.v.

term of abuse) the anus.
H pjr, s.m. A worshipper
S po-gal, s.m. See s.v. po. (=pujr, q.v.).

H pol [S. ], s.m. A large H pjn, v.t.=pujn, q.v.

bundle.
S pjat, adj. Reverencing,
S polik = H pol honouring, worshipping.
(S. poal) s.f. A small bundle, a packet, parcel
(of medicine, &c.). S pjit, part. Honoured, respected,
hospitably received; reverenced, worshipped,
H pol (S. poal) = S adored; acknowledged; recommended.
polik s.f. A small bundle, a packet,
parcel (of medicine, &c.). S pjak, adj. & s.m. Honouring,
respecting, venerating, adoring, worshipping;
H ph, s.m. The buttock, a worshipper, an idolater, &c. (=pujr).
&c.=puh, q.v.
H pj-mn [S. +], adj.
H ph [S. + or ], See s.v. pj.
s.m. The cover of a book (paper or pasteboard);
pasteboard. S pjan, s.m. Reverencing,
honouring; adoring, worshipping; respect,
H poh, s.m. A bird's crop, reverence; worship (=pj); showing attention
(to a visitor), treating with respect or
&c.=po, q.v.
hospitality:pjan karn (-k), To honour,
adore, &c.

597
 call (for); investigation, examination:ph-
H pjn [Prk. ; S. , bir, ph-pir, ph-ph, ph-pah, ph-
th, ph-gah, s.f. Inquiry, interrogation,
rt. ], v.t. To honour, respect, venerate, to do inquisition, inquisitiveness; investigation,
homage (to), to reverence; to adore, worship; to examination:ph-ph karn (-k), To
idolatrize (=pj karn and pjan karn): inquire; to investigate, &c.
pjn or pj-baihn, v.t. To sacrifice, waste, H ph, s.m. (Used in
spend (money, &c.) uselessly, to squander.
comp.)=ph:pch-ph, s.m.=ph-
ph, s.f.=ph-th, s.f.=ph-gah, s.f.
H pjn [pj = S. ] , v.n. To be Inquiry, investigation, &c.=ph-ph, q.v.:
filled, be satisfied; to be completed, ph-gah karn (-k), To investigate, &c.; to
accomplished, fulfilled, perfected. look into; to audit (accounts).
H ph [S. ], s.f. Inquiry into
S pjanya, adj.=pjya, pj, q.v. the future (of a wizard, &c.).
H phan, s.m. Asking, inquiring,
H pjwn, v.t.=pujwn, q.v. &c. see next.
H phn [ph =
S pjayit, = S
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. ] v.t. To ask
pjayitri, adj. & s.m. Honouring, (of, -se), to inquire (of), to question, interrogate;
worshipping;a worshipper. to refer (to), to consult; to ask or inquire after
(in this and the following
S pjayitri, = S senses phn governs the dative form of the
pjayit, adj. & s.m. Honouring, accusative instead of the ablative); to care
worshipping;a worshipper. (about), feel concern (for); to mind, heed,
regard, take notice (of); to invite; to help,
S pjyatva, s.m. (f. -t), The assist:ph-len (-se), To inquire of,
&c.=phn.
being entitled to honour or to worship,
venerableness, honourableness. H pohn, v.t.=pohn, q.v.
H pjer, = H ph [S. ], s.f. The tail of
H pjer, s.m.=pujr, q.v. a nsh (see ph).
P pyt (irreg. A. pl. of p), s.m.
H pjer, = Absurdity, foolish prattle, nonsense, stuff.
H pjer, s.m.=pujr, q.v. P pd, s.m. (?), Woof, the threads woven in
the breadth of a piece of cloth across the warp
S pjya-mn, adj.=pj-mn, (called, in Persian, tr).
q.v.s.v. pj. H paud (see next), s.f. Young plants (for
S pjya, adj. Deserving of honour, transplantation);offspring, children, progeny.
venerable, &c.=pj, q.v. H paud [S. +, or ], s.m. A
P p, and H. po (cf. S. ), adj. young plant, plant, sapling; a shrub, bush;a
Empty, worthless, vain, absurd, of no moment child, young boy or girl;a tassel.
or consequence, useless, unsubstantial, P pod-dr (pota+dr), s.m. An officer
unsound, feeble, weak; petty, trivial, trifling, whose business it is to assay coin or to examine
insignificant; unmeaning, nonsensical, whether it is sterling or not; an examiner of
inordinate, injudicious; vile, obscene, coin;a clerk who counts and examines
scurrilous; mean, low, base, shabby, scurvy; money, a cash-keeper.
low-born;s.m. A thing of no consequence, a H podn, s.m. (f. -), A kind of small
mere nothing; absurdity, nonsense, obscenity,
&c.:p-bf, s.f. Weaving nonsense, bird Sylvia olivacea (which builds a domed nest
&c.=p-go`, q.v.:p p dar haw, adj. & in grass);a dwarf, pigmy;a ghost, demon
s.m. Nonsensical, absurd;nonsense:p-go, (=bhutn).
adj. & s.m. Talking nonsense; using obscene H pauda, s.m. A plant=paud, q.v.:
language;one who talks nonsense, &c. pauda-gh, s.f. A nursery for plants.
babbler, prater:p-go`, s.f. Nonsensical H paudh, = H paudh, s.m.
talk, prating, &c. See paud and pauda.
H ph [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. H paudh, = H paudh, s.m.
Inquiry, question, interrogation; inquiry (after), See paud and pauda.

598
H paudhel, s.m. Ground on finish; to accomplish, to fulfil, carry out, act up
to, keep (a promise); to reimburse; to make up
which plants are sown for transplantation, a
(a deficiency).
nursery for plants.
P podna, pdna, H por [S. +], s.m. A piece (of
vulg. pudna [S. or ], s.m. timber), block (of wood), beam, log.
Mint, Mentha sativa:podne-k sat, s.m. H pr-pan [pr, q.v.+pan =
Peppermint. Prk. ==S. ], s.m. Fulness,
P pr (S. ), s.m. A son. completeness, entireness; completion, end,
H pr, s.m. City, town, &c.=pura, pur, finish; perfection, accomplishment, fulfilment;
sufficiency, competency; ripeness, maturity,
q.v.
full development.
H pr, adj. Full, &c.=pr, q.v. (used in
S paurik, adj. & s.m.
comp., e.g. bhar-pr):pr pan, v.n. To be
Belonging or relating to the past or to past ages;
able to perform an engagement, to discharge an
familiar with the events or legends of the
obligation; to be successful:pram-pr, adj.
past;relating to or belonging to
Full, brimfull, &c.=pr, q.v.
the Puras;a Brhma well-read in
S pr, s.m. Filling, satisfying; a large the Puras, a mythologist.
quantity of water; flood; lake;a cake fried in H pr`, s.f.=pr-pan, q.v.
oil or butter (=pu);drawing in breath slowly
through the nose (as a religious exercise);the H prb, prab [S. ], adj. &
cleansing or healing of ulcers or wounds;a s.m. East, eastern; former, prior, preceding,
reply;an ear-ornament. bygone, &c. (see prva);the east; countries
H por [S. ], s.f. The space or interval lying to the east of the Ganges (extending from
Cawnpore to Bihr).
between two joints or articulations (of the body,
or of a bamboo, sugar-cane, &c.):por-por, H prabn, s.f. The wife of
adv. Every joint, joint after joint; every inch. a prbiy, q.v.
H paur [S. , or ], s.f. Gate, H prb [prb, q.v.+S. ], adj. &
door (=paul). s.m. Eastern, oriental;an oriental, a native of
S paur, adj. & s.m. Of or belonging to a the East;s.f. The dialect of the Eastern
districts;a rgin sung in the third watch
town or city; town-bred; produced or
before evening;a kind of rice from the East
manufactured in a town or city, town-made;a
(or Bengal);a kind of dry tobacco leaf
townsman, citizen; a species of fragrant
(strong).
grass:paur-sakhya, s.m. Fellow-citizen-ship,
connection or equality with others formed by H prbiy,
inhabiting the same city for ten years. vulg. purbiy, puraby, s.m. A native of the
H pr [S. ], adj. (f. ), Full, eastern parts of Hindstn (from Cawnpore to
Bihr).
complete, perfect; satisfied; fulfilled,
accomplished; entire, whole, total, undivided, S prit, part. adj. Filled; full,
undiminished, unbroken, uncut; exact, precise, complete; accomplished.
fitting, coinciding, just, sufficient, enough; true, S prti, vulg. prt, s.f. Filling;
standard, up to the mark; faithful, constant,
fulfilling, accomplishing; fulness, completion,
firm; old, ripe, experienced, skilled in;
completeness; accomplishment; satisfaction,
powerful:pr utarn, v.n. To turn out up to
satiety.
the mark, to come out (of an ordeal) with credit,
to pass a satisfactory examination, to S prt, adj. Filling, completing;
succeed:pr ishm, s.m. Stamp paper of effective.
full value:pr bt, s.f. (in Gram.) A S prush, s.m.=purush, q.v.
complete sentence, a proposition:
S paurush, adj. & s.m. (f. -),
pr (or pr) par, v.n. To be enough, to
suffice:pr add-k gahr gint, s.f. The Belonging or relating to a man or to man in
Integral Calculus:pre din or dino, adj. general; manly, virile, human; being of the
Gone the full time, gone nine months with length of a man with both arms elevated and the
child;pre din lagn, v.n. To approach the fingers extended;the measure of a man, or the
full period of gestation (a woman), to enter on height to which he reaches with both arms
the ninth month of pregnancy:pr karn, elevated and the fingers extended;a weight or
v.t. To fill, fill up; to satisfy; to end, complete, load which can be carried by one man;
manhood, manliness, manly strength or

599
courage, heroism, virility, strength, power, Being:pr-bh, s.m. The complete past, the
vigour; human action, action of men, man's pluperfect tense (in Gram.):pr-bain,
work, action; effort, exertion, endeavour; adj.=pra-vain, q.v.:pr-ptra, s.m. A
semen virile; membrum virile:paurush karn, full vessel or cup; a cupful; a particular measure
v.n. To exert vigour, to exert oneself, &c. of capacity (properly 256 handfuls of rice); a
S paurushat, s.f. = vessel full of rice presented at a sacrifice to the
superintending and officiating priests; a box or
S paurushatva, s.m. Manliness,
basket filled with clothes and ornaments
manly strength or spirit, &c. (=paurush) scrambled for by guests and relations at a
S paurushatva, s.m. = festival, or distributed as presents:pr-
S paurushat, s.f. Manliness, pratp, s.m. One whose glory is complete:
pur-pol, s.f. A kind of bread:pra-jy, s.f.
manly strength or spirit, &c. (=paurush)
Chord (of an arc):pr-undra, s.m. The full
S paurush, s.f. The measure of a moon:pra-m, s.f.=pr-ms, q.v.:
man (=paurush). pr-ms, s.m. Full moon; a monthly sacrifice
or ceremony performed on the day of full
S paurushya, adj. Manly; moon:pr-ms, pr-vs, s.f. Full-moon,
masculine, male. the day or night of full moon:pr-km, adj.
& s.m. Having the desires fulfilled, savisfied,
S paurusheya, adj. Derived from satiated;one whose desires are fulfilled,
&c.:pr-kumbha, s.m. A full cup or jar; a
or relating to man, incidental to man; human, water-vessel, a vessel filled with holy water
manly, male, virile; coming from the soul, used at the consecration of a king.
spiritual.
H prn [S. ; or fr. ] , v.t.
S prak, adj. & s.m. Filling,
To fill, complete; to fulfil, &c.=pr karn,
completing; filling up; satisfying; full, &c. q.v.s.v. pr;to spread, circulate;to weave
(=pr, q.v.);that which fills or completes; (as a spider); to trace or to fill in (chequers or
(in Arith.) the multiplier;a cake of meal squares).
offered at the conclusion of the funeral rites or
oblation to the manes;closing the right nostril
and drawing up air through the left (as a S prhuti, s.f. See s.v.
religious exercise);a citron, Citrus medica. pra, pr.

S prika, s.m. (f. -), A kind of H pr`, s.f. Fulness,

cake=pr, q.v. completeness.

S pa-varg, vulg. pa-barg, s.m. See S

s.v. pa.
S pra, s.m. Filling, filling up; form of a verb (e.g. kah uk).
completing; satisfying;a dam, dike,
causeway;the ocean;multiplication (in
Arith.);a species of fragrant grass, Cyperus
rotundus:prarth-sankhyvak
(praa+artha, &c.), s.m. The ordinal
numbers:pra-kart, adj. Filling, filling up,
completing, &c.:pra karn, v.t. To fill, fill
up, &c.=pr karn, q.v.s.v. pr.
prat, s.f. = S
pratva, s.m. =prn`, q.v.:prat-
bodhak-kriy, s.f. (in Gram.) The completive
S pratva, s.m. = S
prat, s.f. =prn`, q.v.:prat-bodhak-
kriy, s.f. (in Gram.) The completive form of a
verb (e.g. kah uk).
S prak, s.m. A species of tree;
the blue jay.

S pra, vulg. pr, pra, adj. H pauraik, adj. &

Filled, full, &c.=pr, q.v.:prhuti, vulg. s.m.=paurik, q.v.
prhut (pra+huti), s.f. 'A complete
oblation,' an offering made with a full ladle; the
S prik, s.f. A species of bird
burnt offering which concludes or completes a
ceremony:pr-brahma, s.m. The all- (described as having a double or cleft beak).
pervading Spirit, an epithet of the Supreme

600
H
pra-m, pri-m, presentiment;name of an Apsaras:prva-
dis, prva-di, prva-di, prva-dik, s.f. The
paura-m, pauri-m, eastern region, east quarter:prva-de, s.m.
s.f.=pra-ms, q.v.s.v. pra. The eastern country, the eastern part of India:
prva-de, s.m. An inhabitant or a native of the
H paura-ms, s.f.=pra- eastern part of India (=prb, and prbiy):
prva-deh, s.m. A former body, a former
ms, q.v.s.v. pra.
birth:prva-dehik, adj. Belonging to a former
state of existence; done in a former existence:
S pra, vulg. pr, s.f. The cross prva-rtra, s.m. The earlier, or first part of the
threads in weaving a piece of cloth; the silk- night; yesternight:prva-samudra, s.m. The
cotton tree, Bombax heptaphyllum. eastern sea:prva-sandhy, s.f. The early
dawn:prva-sak, s.m. One who relates a
S prva, vulg. prv, prb, adj. & s.m. forgotten circumstance, a reminder:prva-
Being before or in front (of), fore, first, aila, s.m.=prva-parvat, q.v.:prv-kl, s.m.
foremost; east, eastern, easterly, eastward, to Earlier time, former time; (in Gram.) past
the east (of); previous (to), earlier (than); prior, time:prv-klik, adj. Belonging to former
anterior, former, preceding, bygone, antecedent; times, ancient; (in Gram.) belonging to past
initial;adv. In front (of); before, prior (to), time, or to future time;s.m. The present
beforehand; at first, formerly, aforetime; participle (in Gram.):prv-kln, adj.
Belonging to former times, ancient:prva-
immemorially:prv-avast, s.f. Former
condition; antecedents:prv bhimukh krit, adj. Done formerly or in a prior
(va+abh), adj. Turned towards or facing the existence:prva-ga, prva-gm, adj. & s.m.
east, looking eastward:prvbhys Going before, preceding;forerunner,
(va+abh), s.m. The repetition of what preceder, predecessor:prv-gag, s.f. The
precedes, former practice or experience: Narbada river (formerly called the Ganges):
prvdhi-kr (va+adh), s.m. Prior owner, prva-laksha, s.m. Indication of something
former proprietor:prvrdha (va+ar), s.m. about to occur (as sickness, &c.):prva-
The first half; front or upper part; eastern mms, s.f. An inquiry into the first or ritual
part:prvashrh (va+ash), s.f. The first of portion of the Veda (=karma-mms):
two constellations called Ashh; the prva-nirpa, s.m. Predestination:prva-
eighteenth or twentieth nakshatra or lunar nivs, s.m. An ancestor; an inhabitant or a
asterism (containing two stars, one of which is native of the East:prva-vd, adj. & s.m.
Sagittarii):prvhna (va+ah), s.m. The Speaking first, stating his case in the first
earlier part of the day, morning, forenoon: instance;complainant, plaintiff:prvottar
prva-bhdrapad, s.f. The twenty-sixth (va+ut), s.m. The north-east:prva-vat, adv.
nakshatra or lunar mansion (containing two As before, as heretofore, formerly:prva-
stars):prva-purush, s.m. 'The primeval soul,' vartit, s.f. = prva-vartitva, s.m. Priority,
an epithet of Brahma;a forefather, precedence:prva-vart, adj. & s.m. Existing
ancestor:prva-parvat, s.m. The eastern before, preceding, prior, previous;one who is
mountain from behind which the sun is in the presence of another:prvokt (va+uk),
supposed to rise:prva-paksh, s.m. The fore- adj. Said before, before-mentioned, afore-
part or side; the first half of a lunar month, the mentioned (syn. makr).
fortnight of a waxing moon;an assertion,
proposition; the first side or part of an S paurav, adj. Belonging to or
argument, a prim facie argument or assertion; descended from Pru.
the first objection to an argument; the statement
of the plaintiff:prva-phalgun, s.f. The
H prv, s.m. A small village
eleventh nakshatra or lunar mansion (figured by
a conch and containing two stars one of which (=purw, q.v.).
is Leonis):prva-ja, prvaj, adj. & s.m.
Born or produced before or formerly, former; H poru`, porw [S.
elder, first-born; ancient, primeval; born in the
+], s.m. A joint or phalanx of the
East, Eastern;an elder brother, elder; an
oriental:prva-j, s.f. An elder sister;an fingers, knuckle; a joint of tamarind;
ancestress;a woman of the East:prva-js, also=por, q.v.:poru` ton, v.n. To crack the
s.m. pl. The deified progenitors of mankind; joints or knuckles;to harass.
ancestors, forefathers:prva-janma, s.m.
Former birth, former state of existence or
life:prva-inti, s.f. First thought; foreboding,

601
H prv-bhdra-pad, H pr, s.f.=p or pau, q.v.
s.m. =prva-bhdra-pad, q.v.s.v. prva.
H paur, s.f. A gate, door (=paur,
H prv-phlgun, q.v.).
s.f.=prva-phalgun q.v.s.v. prva.
H priy, s.f. The name of a rgin
S prvs, s.m. pl. (of prva), or musical mode.
Forefathers, ancestors.
H pauriy (paur+iy = S. ika), s.m.
H porwl, s.m. Name of a Door-keeper, gate-keeper, porter, janitor
mercantile caste of Hinds in Mlw. (=pauly).

prva-ja, prvaj. For compounds S prayit, = S

S
having prva for the first member see s.v. prayitri, s.m. One who fills or fills up; one
prva. who satisfies, one who fulfils.

S paurva-dehik, adj.=prva- S prayitri, = S

dehik, q.v.s.v. prva. prayit, s.m. One who fills or fills up; one who
satisfies, one who fulfils.
S prvak, adj. & s.m. Earlier,
former, previous, prior, first;forefather, H p [S. ], s.m. A kind of
ancestor. (Affixed to a substantive or sweet cake made of meal (=p`; pr).
substantive compound prvak signifies
'accompanied by,' 'attended with,' and forms the H poh, adj.=next, q.v.
corresponding adjective or adverb; e.g. niyam-
prvak, 'Regular'; sukh-prvak, 'At ease.')
H poh, pauh [S.+],
S paurvik, adj. Belonging to adj. (f. -), Mighty, strong, firm, stout, stiff;
thick, dense; wide, broad.
former times, prior, former, previous, primary,
old.
H pauhr (caus. of pauhn),
S prvik, s.f. (of prvak), An v.t. To cause to lie down, to put to sleep; to lay
prostrate.
ancestress; a woman of the eastern part of India.

H poh`, pauh` (from

S prvin, prvn, s.f. (of prv),
A woman of eastern India. pauh), s.f. Strength, firmness, stoutness,
stiffness; thickness, density; width, breadth.
P paurohitya, s.m. The
H pauhn, v.n. To lie down,
office, character or functions of a purohit or
family priest. repose, rest (=pan).

S prv, adj. & s.m.f.=prb, q.v.
S prvya, adj. Eastern, easterly.
H pr [S. ], s.f. A thin cake of
meal fried in gh or oil.
H pr, s.f.=pr-pan, q.v.
H por, s.f.=por, q.v.:poriy
karn (-k), To cut into pieces.
H po, pau (from poh), s.f.
Stiff, strong species of soil.
P pz, poz, s.m. The lip, mouth (particularly
of a horse=pza); a farrier's twitch:poz-band,
s.m. A muzzle:pz-ml, s.m. A cord twisted
tight round a horse's lip or ear to enable the
farrier to manage him, a farrier's twitch (=pz).
P pozish (rt. Zend and S. pa), s.f. Excuse,
palliation, apology, pretence, pretext.

602
P pza, poza, s.m. The lip, mouth
(particularly of a horse=pz); the parts round
the mouth.
P pz, s.f. The ornamental part of a
horse's accoutrements which comes over the
mouth (=pz).
H ps [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. The S posh, s.m. Nourishing, cherishing;
ninth solar month of the Hinds (Dec.-Jan., the thriving, growth, increase; welfare, prosperity.
full moon of which is near pushya, three stars in
Cancer).
H pos (perf. part. of posn, q.v.),
part. adj. Bred, reared; domesticated, tamed
(=hila; pl).
H pau-sl, s.f. See s.v. pau.
P post (S. 'covered,' 'to
wear'), s.m. Skin, hide; outer coat, rind, crust,
shell; bark (of a tree); layer; poppy-head,
capsule;an intoxicating drug, an infusion of
the poppy (formerly much used as a slow
poison):post-bar-post, adv. Skin upon skin,
crust upon crust, layer upon layer:post-k
or, s.m. Poppy-head, capsule:post-kan,
s.m. Skinner, flayer:post-kanda, adj. & adv.
Having the skin, &c. peeled off;without
reserve, openly, explicitly, fully, exactly.
P post (rel. n. fr. post, q.v.), s.m. One
who habitually intoxicates himself with
infusion of poppy-heads, one addicted to
opium; a sot; a lazy indolent person;a kind of
toy (that, in whatever position it is placed, will,
after wabbling about, recover its original
position of stable equilibrium), a humpty
dumpty (made to represent a drowsy opium
eater).
P postn (post q.v.+n = S. ), adj. & garment, dress, clothes, &c. (=poshk);
s.m. Leathern, leather;a fur garment, a
shaggy leathern coat;fault, blemish; slander,
detraction:postn-doz, s.m. A furrier, a maker
of leathern garments.
H P pau-sar, s.m.=pau-sl,
q.v.s.v. pau.
H posn [pos = Prk. ()=S.
(), rt. ], v.t. To nourish, cherish, H pshan, s.m.=pra-m, q.v.s.v.
foster, breed, rear, domesticate, tame.
H psh [S. ; cf. ps], s.m. The
eighth nakshatra or lunar mansion (comprising
three stars in Cancer).
S psh, s.m. A kind of mulberry tree,
Morus indica.
P posh (S. 'to wear, put on'; rt.
), act. part. (of poshdan), Covering, clothed
in, dressed in, wearing (used as last member of
comp., e.g. p-posh, 'Covering the feet,' shoe,
slipper; kulah-posh, 'Wearing a hat or cap');
s.m. Covering, garment, clothing, raiment.
S paush, s.m.=ps, q.v.
P poshk (see posh), s.f. Clothes, raiment,
attire, vestments, garments, dress, habit,
accoutrement.
P poshk, adj. Fit for making garments
(cloth, &c.).
S paushpa, adj. Relating to or
belonging to flowers; made of flowers; flowery,
floral.
S paushpak, s.m. Oxide of brass
(used as a collyrium), green vitriol.
S paushik, adv. Relating to or
promoting growth or welfare; nutritious,
nourishing, nutritive, fattening, invigorating;
preservative, protective.
P poshish (see posh), s.f. Covering,
covering, concealing.
S poshak, adj. & s.m. Nourishing,
cherishing;one who feeds or nourishes,
nourisher, cherisher, supporter, breeder, keeper.
S paush-kari, s.f. A lotus-
pool; a large pond, reservoir.
pra.
S pshan, s.m. Name of a Vedic
deity (regarded as the guardian of flocks and
603
herds); name of one of the ditys; a name of H pokhr, = H
the sun.
pokhar, [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A pond,
S posha, s.m. Nourishing pool, tank, lake; a place of Hind pilgrimage
near Ajmere.
cherishing, fostering, bringing up, rearing,
breeding.
H pokhrj, s.m.=pukhrj, q.v.
S pausha, s.m. The twenty-eighth
nakshatra or lunar mansion. H pokhan, s.m.=posha, q.v.

H poshn (i.q. posn, q.v.), v.t. To H pokhn, v.t.=poshn, posn,

nourish, &c. See posha. q.v.

S posh, adj. & s.m.=poshak, q.v. S pg, s.m. Assembly, union,

association, corporation;heap, quantity,
S paush, s.f. The night or day of full multitude; disposition, property, nature
(=pot);the Areca or betel-nut tree, Areca
moon in the month paush or ps (Dec.-Jan.). catechu, or A. faufel, and its fruit;the Jak-
tree, Artocarpus integrifolia:pg-phal, s.m.
P poshdag (abst. s. fr. next, q.v.), s.f. The fruit of the Areca catechu, the Areca-nut;
Concealment; secrecy; ambiguity, dubiousness.
pg-ro, s.m. The marshy date tree, Phnix or
Elate paludosa.
P poshda (perf. part. of poshdan: see
posh), part. adj. Concealed, hidden, secret;
covered, veiled, clothed, dressed;adv. H pgn [fr. S. ], v.n. To
Secretly:poshda ar, s.m. Secret approach, draw near, come, arrive;v.t. To
expenditure:poshda karn, v.t. To conceal, cause to arrive, to send; to meet.
hide:poshda maraf, s.m. Secret expenditure,
underhand disbursement:poshda hon, v.n. S poga, adj. & s.m. Not full
To be concealed; to lie hid; to abscond. grown or adult, young;a boy (one from his
fifth to his sixteenth year).
S poshya, adj. To be nourished or
cherished, to be taken care of, to be fed, brought H pg, s.f. The Areca tree=pg;
up, reared, &c.:poshya-putra, s.m. 'A son to pg-phal, s.m.=pg-phal, q.v.s.v. pg.
be brought up,' an adopted son (=puspt):
H pol (from the English), s.m. A pole
poshya-varg, s.m. A class of persons or objects
to be cherished, as parents, children, guests, and (land measure).
the sacred fire; a family, household. H pol, paul, s.m. Gate, door
(=paur, q.v.); a courtyard; a ward or quarter of
H pok [S. ], s.m. Caterpillar, a town having its own gateway.
grub, worm (=pok). H pol [rt. S. ; see pol], s.f.
Emptiness, hollowness.
H pkh, pokh, s.m.=psh; H pl [S. +], s.m. A small
pushya, q.v. bundle of grass or straw:ple tale gurn
karn, v.n. lit. 'To live under a bundle of grass';
H pokh, s.m.=ps, q.v. to live in a hut, to be miserably off.
H pol [S. , rt. ], adj. Soft,
H pokh, s.m. Nourishing, &c.=posh, flabby; hollow, having interstices, spongy,
q.v. porous (cf. pulpul); empty; emptied; light,
superficial;s.m. A hollow or superficial
person; simpleton.
H pokhar, = H
P pold, pauld, pld, s.m. The finest
pokhr, [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A pond, Damascus steel (which with that of Kum is
pool, tank, lake; a place of Hind pilgrimage esteemed the best in the East; see fld).
near Ajmere. H polis, pulis (corr. from the
English), s.m. Police.

604
H polak [S. +], s.m. A band or H paun, = H paun, [S. ,
bundle of straw at the end of a staff (used with i.e. +], adj. & s.m. A quarter less, one
a arkh to frighten and restrain a furious
fourth less (than one or any other number),
elephant).
three quarters;the three-fourths part;paun,
H pl, s.f. dim. of pl, q.v.; a bundle s.m. A multiplication table of which the
of sheaves of corn given at harvest to village multiplier is three-fourths;paune,
omcers and servants, or used as fodder for adj.=paun:paune do, adj. A quarter less than
cattle. two, one and three-quarters:paune tn, adj. A
H pol (from pol), s.f. A honey- fourth less than three, two and three-quarters:
paune sau, adj. A hundred diminished by the
comb, anything spongy;a simpleton,
fourth part, seventy-five:paune do sau, adj.
blockhead.
Two hundred diminished by the fourth of a
H paul, s.f. Gate, &c. hundred, one hundred and seventy-five.
(=paur, paur, paul); threshold, entrance. H paun, = H paun, [S. ,
H pauliy, poliy (paul+iy =
i.e. +], adj. & s.m. A quarter less, one
S. ika), s.m. Door-keeper, gate-keeper, porter
fourth less (than one or any other number),
(=pauriy).
three quarters;the three-fourths part;paun,
S pavamn, s.m. Wind, air;name s.m. A multiplication table of which the
of a particular fire (regarded as a son of multiplier is three-fourths;paune,
Agni);an epithet of the moon. adj.=paun:paune do, adj. A quarter less than
H pom, s.m. A showy dress or two, one and three-quarters:paune tn, adj. A
kind of cloth (from Jay-nagar); a wedding skirt. fourth less than three, two and three-quarters:
paune sau, adj. A hundred diminished by the
H p, po, s.f. The sound of a pipe or fourth part, seventy-five:paune do sau, adj.
flute; the sound of breaking wind:po Two hundred diminished by the fourth of a
boln or bol-jn, v.n. To give in, be defeated hundred, one hundred and seventy-five.
or vanquished; to be ruined, to fail. H pa`un, v.t. (prov.), To eat.
H pn, adj. & s.m.=puya, q.v.
H pon [fr. S. (), rt. with ],
S pavan, and H. paun, s.m.f. The v.t. To string (pearls); to thread (a
act of purifying, purification; winnowing; 'the needle=piron).
purifier,' wind, air; the Regent of the winds and H pon [fr. S. ], v.t. To heat (an
of the north-west quarter; the wind of the body;
oven, &c.); to make bread, to bake (=pohn).
the breath of life;a householder's sacred
fire;spell, charm; the evil spirits appointed by H paun, pon [S. +], s.m.
a wizard or magician to injure any one: A perforated iron ladle or spoon used (esp. by
pavan-hr, s.m. Taking the air, walking or confectioners) for skimming or straining;
riding for diversion or exercise (=haw strainer, colander.
khn):pavanhat (na+h), adj. 'Wind- S pavanl, s.m. A species of
struck,' rheumatic:paun-bn, s.m.=pavan-
grain, Andropogon saccharatus (=yavanl).
vn, q.v.:pavan-pn, or paun-pn, s.m.
'Wind and water,' climate (=b o haw): H po [S. ], s.m. Mucus of the
paun-parih, s.f. Ascertaining the direction of nose, snot (=po).
the wind:paun-akk, s.f. A wind-mill H paun-o (corr. from the
(=haw-akk):pavan-st, or paun-st,
English), s.f. Town-duty.
s.m.=pavan-k pt, s.m. The son of Rva, the
ape Hanumn:pavan-kumr, s.m.=pavan-k H poh, =
pt:paun mrn, v.t. To enchant; to injure by H po, [S. ], s.f. A species of
the aid of malignant spirits:pavan-vn, s.m. carp, Cyprinus pausius, or C. chrysopareius.
An arrow projected by means of air; an arrow
H po, =
which when projected raises the wind:pavan-
vydhi, s.m. Morbid condition of wind; H poh, [S. ], s.f. A species of
rheumatism, &c. carp, Cyprinus pausius, or C. chrysopareius.
S pivan, adj. Drinking. H pj [S. ], s.f. Heap, mass,
H paun (corr. of the English), s.m. A store, stock; stock-in-trade, fund, capital,
pound (weight). principal; wealth, property:pj-i-ia-
drn, s.f. Joint stock, capital of a company.

605
H pau, s.f. Corr. of pahu, q.v. H pauhn, v.n. To lie down,
H pau, po [S. +; &c.=pauhn, q.v.
or +], s.m. Five and a half (in S paunar-bhava (from punar-
surveying); the multiplication table of five and bh), s.m. The son of a twice-married woman
a half times. by her second husband (one of the sons or heirs
admitted by the old Hind law).
H po, s.m. contrac. of pahu,
S paunar-ukta, =
q.v.
H ph, phi [S. ], s.f. S paunar-uktya, s.m.
A tail; (fig.) a follower, hanger-on, a parasite. Repetition,tautology.
H ph, s.f.=ph, q.v. S paunar-uktya, =

H phr [S. +], adj. & S paunar-ukta, s.m. Repetition,

s.m. Having a tail, tailed;an animal with a tautology.
long tail. H pau-sar, s.m.=pau-sar,
H phl (ph+dim. aff. l), q.v.s.v. pau.
s.m. A tail (=ph). H pn-sal` paun-
H pohan (see next), s.m. sal` [S. , or +], s.f. A thin
Wiping, dusting;a rag, &c. with which roller on which cotton is prepared for spinning
anything is wiped; anything thrown away after (see pn).
wiping; refuse, rubbish, dregs, orts. H pau-savan, s.m.=pu-savan,
H pohn, phn [po q.v.s.v. pu.
h = Prk. () or ()=S. (), H pau-alya, s.m.=pu-
rt. with ], v.t. To wipe, dust, make clean alya, q.v.s.v. pus.
by wiping, to clean; to wipe out, rub out, H pok [S. ], s.m. Worm, grub
expunge:poh-ln (intensive), v.t. To (=pok); the ship-worm, Teredo navalis.
wipe clean, wipe out, expunge. H pokn, v.n. To be fluxed; to
H pauhn, v.n.=pahun, q.v. void liquid dung, to scour (an animal).
H pohiyh, adj. & H pog [S. +?], adj. & s.m.
s.m.=phr, q.v. Empty, hollow;a joint of bamboo, a hollow
H paun, tube;a kind of drum;an empty-pated
fellow, blockhead, simpleton.
s.m.=paunra, paunrak, q.v.
H pg [S. +], s.m.
H , paun [S. :
(local), A boy.
and ], s.m. A red variety of the common
H pg, paug (see pg),
sugar-cane, Saccharum officiarum; also a pale
s.f. A reed, pipe, flute; a kind of pipe played
straw-coloured variety of sugar-cane.
upon by jugglers or certain jogs, and snake-
S paunra, = charmers (a drone made of leather or of a dried
S paunrak, s.m. A species of pumpkin with a single or double bamboo tube
attached to it, having eight holes, and played on
sugar-cane of a pale straw colour; epithet of a
as a flageolet).
particular mixed caste of hereditary sugar-
boilers (the son of a Vaiya by a woman of the H pg = pg:pg-phal,
distiller class:paunra-vardhan, s.m.=pg-phal, q.v.s.v. pg (also written pg-
or paunraka-vardhan, s.m. Name of the phal).
province of Bihr in Central India. H pnau =
S paunrak, = H pnau, pno s.f. Day of full
S paunra, s.m. A species of sugar- moon (=pra-m), q.v.s.v. pra.
cane of a pale straw colour; epithet of a H pnau, pno =
particular mixed caste of hereditary sugar-
boilers (the son of a Vaiya by a woman of the H pnau s.f. Day of full moon
distiller class:paunra-vardhan, (=pra-m), q.v.s.v. pra.
or paunraka-vardhan, s.m. Name of the H pauna, s.m.=paun, 'ladle,' q.v.
province of Bihr in Central India.

606
 pauhu, pauh,
H H po`iy, s.m. = H po`, s.f. [P. pya],
Amble, shuffling pace (of a horse or camel):
s.m.=pahu, q.v.
po`iyo jn, or aln, v.n. To amble.
H pauhh, s.f.=pahu, q.v. P py, poy [act. part. of p`dan; rt. Zend
H
pauhn, v.n.=pahun, & S. pad], part. adj. Going, running; ambling.
q.v. H poy, s.m.=po`, po`e, q.v.
H , pn, pon [S. +, S pylas, s.m.; see s.v. pya.
or ], s.f. Rolls of cotton prepared for P pyn, poyn, part. adj.=py, poy, q.v.
spinning, skeins of cotton. H paver [S. +], s.m. The act
H paun, pon [S. +], of sowing seed with the hand.
s.f. The recipients of presents at marriages, &c.; S piven, adj. Drinking (=pivat).
people of low caste (such as barbers, shoe- S pyan, s.m.=pya, q.v.
makers, &c.).
S pya, s.m. Pus, purulent matter,
H paune; see s.v. paun, paun.
suppuration, discharge (from an ulcer or
H pny, = wound):pylas (pya+alasa), s.m. A
H pnyo, s.f.=pnau and pra-m, particular disease of the juncture of the eye;
q.v. suppuration at the joints; white swelling.
H pnyo, = H pya, adj. & s.m. (Old H.)=priya, q.v.
P pya, poya, s.m. An amble (=po`iy,
H pny, s.f.=pnau and pra-m, q.v.).
q.v. H po`s, =
H pauw, s.m.= paww, q.v.
H po`, [S. ], intj. Ho! holla! ho
H powan, v.t.=pon, q.v. there! look out! have a care! (said by carters,
H poh, pauh [S. +], s.f. The drivers, &c. to warn people out of the way).
first streak of the dawn, morning beam, dawn, H po`, =
day-break (=po):poh phana, v.n. Day to H po`s, [S. ], intj. Ho! holla! ho
break;poh phae, adv. At day-break, at dawn.
there! look out! have a care! (said by carters,
H pauh, s.m. A stand where water is drivers, &c. to warn people out of the way).
kept for travellers, &c. (=pau, q.v.). H pa, postpn. adv. & conj.=par, q.v.
H poh [S. +], s.m. Any large
H pah, poh, s.f.=poh, q.v.
domestic animal not carnivorous;
pohe, pauhe, s.m. pl. Cattle. S pha. The twenty-second consonant of
H poh, s.m. A flock of cotton the Ngar alphabet and the second letter of the
fifth or labial class, being the aspirate
(=phh).
of p (sounded nearly like the phin the English
H phap, s.m. (Old H.)=pushp, q.v. word loop-hole):pha-kr, s.m. The letter or
H pohd, pauhd, sound ph.
s.m.=paudh, paud, q.v. H phb, adj. (Old H.)=phabl, q.v.
H pohn, v.t. To make bread, &c. H ph [S. ], s.m. Division;
(=pon, q.v.). division of revenue, assessment among the
H pohe, pauhe, s.m. pl. See s.v. poh. sharers in joint tenantry;breadth.
H pav [Prk. +; S. +], H phak [S. +], s.m. A gate,
s.f. A dike or channel (for letting water in or door, entrance; a large shutter; a watchman in
out). charge of a gate;a bar, obstruction,
impediment, check; the bar of a court of justice
H po`, po`e [S. ], s.f. The where the plaintiff and defendant take their
pot-herb Basella lucida, or B. rubra, or B. station;a pound:phak-band, s.f.
alba;Anethum sowa. Custody, imprisonment:phak-dr, s.m.
H po`, s.f. = H po`iy, s.m. [P. pya], Gate-keeper, door-keeper; pound-keeper:
Amble, shuffling pace (of a horse or camel): phak-me dil karn, v.t. To put in the
po`iyo jn, or aln, v.n. To amble. pound, to impound.
H phn, v.n.=phan, q.v.;and
v.t.=phan, q.v.

607
H pah [S. +; or ], H phl [S. , or ], s.m. A
s.m. Mountain, hill; rock; anything very large or lump or piece of betel-nut, Areca;a step,
huge, or hard, or strong, or firm; anything very stride, leap (=phalng).
tedious, burdensome or heavy, &c. (hence the H phl s.m. A ploughshare (=phl).
word may often be conveniently rendered
adjectively by great, large, huge, tall, H phlt, adj. & adv. Spare,
stupendous; burdensome, heavy, tedious, surplus;to spare, over and above (=flt,
&c.):pah-s rte, s.f. lit. 'Mountain-like q.v.).
nights,' long and tedious nights (esp. of H phls [S. ], s.m. The
sorrow):pah-wl, s.f. One of the seven fruit Grewia asiatica (com. written fls).
sisters who are regarded as goddesses of small-
S phlgun, s.m. The Hind
pox, measles, chicken-pox, &c.
month phgun (Feb.-March); a name of
H ph (see phn), s.m. Rent, split,
Arjun;the tree Pentaptera arjuna.
crack, fissure.
S phlgun, s.f. The day of full
H pah [S. +], s.m. The
moon in the month phlgun (on which
multiplication table. the Hol or great vernal festival of the Hinds is
H phn [pha = Prk. (), celebrated);the sixteenth and seventeenth
or (); S. (), rt. ], v.t. To tear, lunar asterisms (distinguished
as prva and uttara, 'the former' and 'the latter').
rend, split, sever, break, cleave; to tear open,
burst, rip, lacerate, mangle;to clarify by H phln [phl = Prk. (),
melting or boiling; to coagulate:ph-ton, or (); S. (), rt. ], v.n. To
v.t. To tear to pieces, to mangle, lacerate: spring, leap, jump (com. phdn).
ph-ln, v.t. (intensive), To tear to pieces: H phl, s.f. A ploughshare (=phl).
ph-khn, v.t. To tear, rend (as a wild beast),
to worry, bite, gnaw;ph-kh`, adj. & s.m. H pihn [S. ], s.m. A plug for
Ravenous;a ravenous beast:ph-len, closing the mouth of a granary.
v.t.=phn. H phn (see phan), s.m. A
H pah (dim. of pah), s.f. A shoemaker's wedge, a wedge.
small hill a hillock. H php (perf. part. of next, q.v.),
H pah (pah+ = S. or ), part. adj. (f. -), Swollen, &c.
adj. & s.m. Of or belonging to the hills; hilly, H phpn [rt. S. ], v.n. To
mountainous;a mountaineer, hill-man: swell, rise, be swollen; to be puffed up, be
pah bhang, s.m. Henbane. bloated.
H pahiy, adj. & s.m.=pah, H phphar, s.m. A hole, orifice.
q.v.
H pht, s.m. A village register.
H phk, s.m.=phg; and phk, qq.v.
H phd [S. +; but cf. next],
H phk, s.m.=phg, q.v.
s.m. Noose, snare, gin, net; a long stick with a
H phg [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A noose attached; (met.) perplexity, difficulty:
red powder thrown over one another by the phd mrn, v.t. To noose, snare, &c.
Hinds at the hol festival; the act of throwing H phd [S. ], s.m. Leap, spring,
coloured powders at the time of the Hol; the jump.
sports of the Hol:phg kheln, v.n. To take
part in the gambols of the Hol, to play hol. H phd, s.f.=phd, q.v.
H phgl, s.f. (prov.)=phg. H phd, s.m.=phd, 'Noose.'
H phgan, phgan [S. H phdn [S. +; but
], s.m. The eleventh month of the Hinds cf. next], v.t. To catch with a noose, to noose,
ensnare; to tie, imprison; to entangle, entrap.
(Feb.-March, the full moon of which is
near Prv-phlgun). H phdn [phd = Prk. (),
S phl, s.m. A ploughshare;an or (); S. (), rt. ], v.n. To
epithet of Mah-deva, and of Bala-rma. leap, jump, spring;v.t. To spring or jump
over.

608
H phd, s.f. A bundle or load of H phk (see phk), s.f. A
sugar-cane (generally from fifty to a hundred). mouthful of dry grain, powder, &c.; a piece or
H phs [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. slice of fruit.
A splinter (of bamboo, &c.); anything such as H phk [S. ], s.f. An
grease, dirt, &c. which gets under the nails and objection (in logic); a proposition or first part of
occasions pain. an argument; a sophism; illusion, trick, fraud.
H phs, = H phns, s.m.=fns, q.v.
H phs, [S. , ; but S phi, s.f. Flour or meal mixed
cf. phs above], s.m. A noose, &c. (= phd); with curds.
an impediment;the share of H ph`o [S. ; or 'full'], s.m.
the bkharplough;a die for playing with. & adv. A small quantity given above the
H phs, = quantity purchased;over and above, to boot
H phs, [S. , ; but (cf. phlt;syn. ghalu`,rkhan, set-k).
cf. phs above], s.m. A noose, &c. (= phd); H ph`o, phau [S. ], s.m.
an impediment;the share of A mattock, spade.
the bkharplough;a die for playing with. H ph`o (dim. of ph`o), s.f. A
H phsn, v.n.=phasn, q.v.; shovel, hoe, an instrument like a small rake or
v.t.=phasn, q.v. hoe for removing a horse's dung;a crutch on
H phs [S. +], s.f. Noose, which a jog leans;a piece of wood or staff
with a support at each end (which is held in
loop, snare; halter; strangulation, hanging, death both hands and laid horizontally in performing
by hanging: phs pn, phs pan, v.n. To the exercise of an;syn. bairg).
be hanged:phs ahn, v.n. To have the
H phwn, ph`on, v.n.=phabn,
noose put on the neck; to mount the scaffold, to
be hanged:phs cahn, phs-k den, q.v.
v.t. To strangle, to hang:phs dene-wl, H phh, = H phy, s.m. A
s.m. A hangman:phs-kh, phs-k flock of cotton (used for scenting, or as lint to
khamb, s.m. Gibbet, gallows:phs- dress a wound); a plaster, pledget
gr, phs-gar, s.m. A strangler; a robber and (syn. phh or phoy, q.v.).
murderer who strangles his victims by means of H phy, = H phh, s.m. A
a turban or cloth, a hag. flock of cotton (used for scenting, or as lint to
H phk [S. ; or +], s.m. dress a wound); a plaster, pledget
As much of anything as can be thrown or taken (syn. phh or phoy, q.v.).
into the mouth; bit, piece, slice (of fruit), flake; H phab, s.f.=phaban, q.v.
a clove (of garlic);cut, opening, aperture (in
H phab, part. adj.=phabt, q.v.
fruit, &c.):phk mrn, v.t. To chuck
(grain, &c.), into the mouth (=phkn). H phabn, v.n.=phabn, q.v.
H phka, = H phabt (imperf. part. of phabn),
H phk, adj. & s.m. Smart, part. adj. (f. -), Becoming, fit, suitable, proper,
dashing, fine, flashy; spirited, daring, bold, pertinent;phabte, adv. Fittingly,
impudent; robust, burly, lusty;a smart fellow, pertinently, propos.
&c.; a fop. H phabt, s.f. Ornament,
H phk, = decoration;conjecturing what a person is by
his dress;pleasantry, fun, jest; a name given
H phka, adj. & s.m. Smart,
in jest (which sticks to one):phabt un,
dashing, fine, flashy; spirited, daring, bold, v.n. To make fun, to jest: phabt kahn, v.n. To
impudent; robust, burly, lusty;a smart fellow, utter a jest, &c.=phabt un;to say or
&c.; a fop. conjecture by one's dress what sort of person he
H phkn (see phk), v.t. To is or to what caste he belongs.
chuck (dry grain, meal, powder, &c. or H phabakn, v.n. To shoot forth,
anything dry) into the mouth from the palm of to flourish (as plants;cf. bhabakn).
the hand; to slice, slit;v.n. To open out, to
H phaban (see next), s.f.
part asunder, to gape; to disappear;to talk
without ceasing. Embellishment, ornament, decoration, dress;

609
elegance, grace, charm, beauty, comeliness, H phuph-kr [S. +], s.f.
loveliness.
Puffing, panting, blowing, snorting, gasping;
H phabn [S. ?], v.n. To bubbling; hissing (of a snake).
become, befit, be fitting, fit, suit; to be H phuphkrn, v.n. To puff,
pertinent;to be an embellishment or ornament
blow, &c.; to hisss (as a snake).
(to), to grace, adorn; to look elegant, graceful,
beautiful, &c. H phaphund, s.f.=phaphd,
H phabl, adj. (f. -), Becoming, q.v.
fit, &c.=phabt, q.v. H phupph, phuph,
H pahup, puhap, puhup, s.m.=phph; phupp, q.v.
phup, s.m. A flower=pushp, q.v. H phaphol [S. + ;
H phupp, phup [S. ++or ], s.m. A blister, vesicle; a bubble:
], s.m. The husband of a paternal aunt phaphol phn, v.n. To be blistered; (met.) to
(=phupph and phph). be afflicted in mind:phaphole dil-ke phon,
v.n. To satisfy a revenge that has long been
H phapadn, v.n.=phadphadn, rankling in one's breast; to give vent to one's
q.v. passion, appease one's wrath.
H phape, s.m. Pretence; H phaphd, s.f. Mouldiness;
hypocritical show. mould (on fruit, bread, &c. from damp),
H phappas, = mildew:phaphd lagn, v.n. To be
mildewed, be mouldy.
H phaps, adj.=phapphas and phaph
H phupph, phuph [S. +
s, q.v.
H phaps, = ], s.f. Father's sister, paternal aunt
(=phph).
H phappas, adj.=phapphas and pha
H phuphiy (from phupph or php
phs, q.v.
h), adj. used only in comp.:phuphiy-ss, s.f.
H phaps, s.m. A layer of mud on a
Father-in-law's sister:phuphiy-
wooden roof. sasur, phuphiya-usar, s.m. The husband of a
H phapk, s.m. A blister father-in-law's sister.
(=phaphol). H phupher [S. + ], adj.
H phup-kr, s.f.=phuph-kr, q.v. (f. -), Descended from, or related through, a
H phupp, phup, paternal aunt:phupher bh`, s.m. Son of a
paternal aunt, cousin:phupher bahin, s.f.
s.m.=phupp; phph, q.v. Daughter of a paternal aunt, cousin.
H phapol, s.m.=phaphol, q.v. H phupp, s.f.=phupph; phph, q.v.
H phapdn, v.n. To be H phupiy, adj.=phuphiy, q.v.
mildewed (=phaphd lagn,
H phuper, adj.=phupher, q.v.
q.v.s.v. phaphd).
H phapd, s.f.=phaphd, q.v. S phut, intj. expressive of disregard,
disdain, contempt, &c.:phut-kr, adj.
H phupph, s.m.=phupp.
Arrogant, contemptuous, disdainful.
H phapphas, = H phattar, phatar, s.m. (local)
H phaphs, [S. ], adj. = patthar, q.v.
Swelled, swollen, puffed, inflated, distended, S phut-kr, adj. See s.v. phut.
bloated, fat, corpulent, flabby;insipid, weak,
S phutk, s.f. The tailor-
watery (also written phophs).
bird, Orthotomus longicauda (cf. phudk).
H phaphs, =
H phatig,
H phapphas, [S. ], adj.
s.m.=pating, patang, q.v.
Swelled, swollen, puffed, inflated, distended,
H pha [S. ], Crack, sound of a
bloated, fat, corpulent, flabby;insipid, weak,
watery (also written phophs). slap or thump, &c.:pha-pha, s.f.=pha;
(also) the creaking sound of a shoe, &c.:
pha-kr, s.m. Sound of a thump, or of the
cracking of a whip, &c., or of the beating of wet

610
clothes against a stone;a long whip used in H phuak, s.f.=phuk, q.v.
breaking-in horses:pha-krn, v.t. To crack
(a whip), to whip, lash; to beat clothes on a H pha-kr, and phi-kr,
stone (in washing); to rail at, &c. (=phi- s.m. See s.v. pha and phi.
krn);to snap up, make off with; to get hold H pha-krn,
of, to make, to win;to get rid of, part with,
and phi-krn, v.t. See
dispose of.
H phi [S. , ], s.m. Curse, s.v. pha and phi.
malediction;intj. Fie! fie upon it! out upon H phu-kar, adj. Odd, &c.=phu,
you! a fig for it! a curse on it!:phi-phi, q.v.;arrogant, over-bearing.
intj.=phi;phi-phi karn, v.t. To cry fie or H phakar, phikar,
shame on; to rail at, to sneer at, treat with phikir [S. ], s.f. Sulphate of
contempt:phi-kr, s.m. Removing (a thing or
person) to a distance, driving away; curse, alumina, alum.
&c.=phi;phi-kr barasn, v.n. Curses to be H phu-kal, adj. Odd, separated,
showered down (on), to be accursed:phi- &c.=phu-kar, phu;separate, incurred at
krn, v.t. To cry fie or shame on, to turn from different places (as debts), sundry,
with contempt; to turn away with disdain; to miscellaneous, odds and ends of.
reject; to drive away; to rail at, revile; to curse. H phakan (see next), s.f. Chaff, or
H phu [S. ], adj. Odd, single, husk (which flies off in winnowing); particles
unmatched, unpaired, uneven; separated, which remain after sifting or straining (flour,
detached, isolated; dispersed (as horsemen). &c.), siftings.
H phu (corr. of the English), s.m. A H phaakn [phaak =
foot (measure). Prk. (), or (); S. + ],
H pha (perf. part. of phan, q.v.), v.t. To winnow; to sift, to strain; to dust, to
part. adj. (f. -), Torn, split, rent, broken, shake or knock off any light thing which
cracked;s.m. Crack, rent, opening, gap, slightly adheres (as dust from a table, or crumbs
breach, fissure:pha-kh, adj. Blear- from a table-cloth);v.n. To interfere,
eyed:pha-purn, s.m. Cast-off clothes, intermeddle (=daal den, usually with
rags:pha ddh, s.m. Turned or sour milk; negative adverb); to be separated; to keep or
whey:phae-me p`o an or den, To hold aloof (from), to fight shy (of);to pay a
stand in the gap or breach; to put one's finger in flying visit.
the pie (of), to interfere or meddle with; to burn H phaakn, s.m. The tape in a
one's finger in another's quarrel. pellet bow which strikes the ball.
S phu (for sphu), s.f. The expanded H phak (from phaak-n), s.f. A
hood of a snake. fowler's net; a hunter's bag; a large cage; a
H phan (caus. of phan), v.t. To clapper (tied to a tree to frighten birds with).
split, &c.=phn, q.v. H phuk [S. + ], s.f. A blot,
H phin, v.t. To beat up and mix; spot, stain, speck; splash;the undissolved
to beat up into a froth, &c.=phen, q.v. portions of any soluble matter.
H phun (caus. of phn), v.t. To H phuk, adj. Odd, &c.=phu, q.v.
cause (water, &c.) to boil;to increase; to H phan [pha = Prk. ();
promote, &c. (see phn). S. (); rt. ], v.n. To be torn, be split,
H pha`o (v.n. from phan), s.m. be rent, be cracked, be broken; to tear, split,
Splitting, &c.; gap, separation, interval, break. crack, burst, break; to be separated, be
H phu-phu, adv.=ph-ph, detached; to be dispersed (as clouds); to be
q.v.s.v. phn. clarified (as milk, oil, &c., the impure
part being separated from the pure); to turn,
H phaphan [S. redup become sour (as milk); to break out (as
l.], v.t. To beat, shake, or flap (the wings, as sores);to tremble (with fear), break into a
birds about to fly);v.n. To give forth a dull or tremor:pha-pan, v.n. (intensive) To burst
creaking sound (as the shoe of a person open; to be produced plentifully or copiously;
walking). to be bursting (as it were) with fat, &c.; to
H phaik, phaak [S. ], become fat suddenly;to be overworked, to be
s.m. Crystal.

611
confounded with too much business:pha- H phir (from phirn, q.v.), adv. Again;
jn, v.n. intensive of, and=phan, q.v. back, back again; afterwards, subsequently;
H phin (phi = Prk. (); thereafter, thereupon, then; in that case:phir-
S. (), rt. ], v.n. To be beaten n, v.n. To come again, to come back, to
return:phir-bh, adv. Again, yet, still,
up and mixed, to be whipped (as eggs, &c.); notwithstanding, even then; in spite of that:
to be wiped off, paid off, discharged (as a debt, phir-phir, phir-phir-se, adv. Over and over
&c.). again, repeatedly:phir-kahn, v.t. To speak or
H phun, v.n.=phn, q.v. say again, to say in reply, to retort:phir-ke,
H phuttail [S. +], adj. Odd, adv.=phir.
unpaired, &c.=phu, q.v. H phur, adj. True, genuine; right, exact
H phur, s.m. A woollen rag (syn. sa; hk).
used to apply grease, ointment, &c. (=pur, H phurr, phur [S. ], s.m. A
q.v.). buzzing or whizzing sound; whir (of a bird,
H pahn [S. , or +], &c.), whiz; the sound produced by the
explosion of a little gunpowder.
s.f. Knowledge, acquaintance, ascertainment,
recognition, experience, discrimination, H pahr [S. +], s.m. A turn of
discernment; distinguishing mark, watch; a charge;a watch, watchman, sentinel;
characteristic; indication, token, sign (also a guard, a corporal and six;turn, time,
written paihn);an acquaintance (=jn- period:pahr badaln, v.n. To change the
pahn). guard, to relieve the watch or guard:pahr
H pahnn (see pahn), v.t. bihn or baihn (-par), To place a guard
(over or at):pahre-dr, s.m.=pahre-wl,
To perceive, know, comprehend, understand; to
q.v.:pahr den, v.n. To keep watch, to
recognize, identify; to distinguish, discern,
discriminate:pahn-jn, v.n. intensive of, mount guard:pahre-me bihn, v.t. To give
and=pahnn. in charge to a watch or the guard; to place in
custody:pahre-me pan, v.n. To be given
H
pahun, v.n.=pahun, q.v.
in charge to a watch or the guard; to be given in
H phadphadn [S. redu custody:pahre-me ln, pahre-me
pl.], v.n. To bubble, to fizz, to sputter; to rakhn, v.t.=pahre-me bihn, q.v.:pahre-
ferment; to shoot, throw out shoots (as a plant); wl, s.m. Watchman, sentinel, guard (=pahr).
to break out (as an eruption); to be inflamed H pharr (pharr, rt. of pharr-
(with lust). n+ = = S. aff. tu), s.m. Flapping (of a
H phudk, s.m.=phudk, q.v. flag, &c.); fluttering (of a bird); snorting, snort
H phudakn [phudak = (of a horse); tramping, tramp (of a swiftly-
running animal);the staff of a flag; a piece of
S. + ], v.n. To jump, skip, leap, hop (as bamboo:pharre bharn, v.n. To take flight,
birds, frogs, &c.); to skip or dance about (in to fly or flee away.
token of delight). H pharrs (see pharrn), s.m. A
H phudk, s.f. Jump, skip, hop;a species of fir (so called from the whistling or
species of bird, Certhia tula; the purple honey- whizzing of its branches in the wind).
sucker, a species of humming-bird. H pahrn, pahirn (caus
H phi, adj. & s.m. (f. -), . of pahirn, q.v.), v.t.=pahnn, q.v.
Flattened (=ap); flat-faced;a shoe (of the H pharrn [S. = + H. caus.
kind called ahauw) with the heel turned aff. n], v.n. To flutter, flap, wave (as a flag, a
down or flattened; a slipper. bird, &c.); to whiz, whir, whistle; to snort (as a
H pahar, pahr [Prk. S. ], s.m. horse).
A division of time consisting of eight ghas or H phirn (caus. of phirn), v.t. To
three hours, an eighth part of a day, a watch: cause to be turned; to turn, to whirl, wheel; to
pahar-din, s.m. A watch of the day, a day's turn round, wind, screw; to cause to go about, to
watch; the first watch of the day (from 6 to 9 move or to walk (a horse, &c.) up and down, or
A.M.): pahar-rt, s.m. A watch of the night; the backwards and forwards; to turn aside or away;
first watch of the night (from 6 to 9 P.M.). to return, give back; to turn back; to change; to
H phar, s.m. (Prov.)=phal, q.v. roll, to shift:phir-den, v.t. To return, give
back; to send back.

612
H phars, s.m.=pharrs, q.v. Artful, tricky, deceitful, treacherous, wicked;
an artful person, trickster, cheat, knave, &c.
H phir` (phir, rt. of phir-
H phirat (from phir-n), s.m.
n+ = S. aff. ), adj. To be returned; taken Rejected things; return hire; expenses back (on
conditionally, conditional or contingent (a a journey);money paid by a lewd woman to
purchase);returning at stated periods, her paramour.
periodical; movable (as a feast-day, &c.). H phurt, phurat, s.f.=phurt, q.v.
H phir`o (v.n.
H phirt (imperf. part. of phirn),
of phir`on = phirn), s.m. Return,
adj. & s.m. (f. -), Turning; returning; walking
restitution; turning, whirling, rotation.
about;return; return hire or fare, expenses
H pahir`o, pahr`o = back; answer to a letter:phirt bh, s.m.
H pahirw, pahrw [Prk Return hire, half hire:phirt rahn, v.n. To
keep walking about; to walk about, wander,
. () or () or ()=S.
perambulate:phirt, adj. & s.f. Returning,
caus. (), rt. with ] s.m. Dress, return; homeward-bound:phirt-k bh,
&c.=pahnw, q.v. s.m. The return-hire (of a boat, carriage, &c.).
H pahirw, pahrw = H phurt, phurti [S. ] , s.f.
H pahir`o, pahr`o [Prk. Activity, quickness, alertness, briskness,
nimbleness, speed; alacrity, promptness,
() or () or ()=S. readiness:phurt-se, adv. With speed,
caus. (), rt. with ] s.m. Dress, quickly; instantly:phurt karn, v.n. To be
quick, active, or nimble; to make haste.
&c.=pahnw, q.v.
H phurtl [S. + ], adj.
H pahirwan, pahrwa
Possessing activity, &c.; active, brisk, quick,
n, s.f. Dress, &c.=pahnw, q.v.; garments smart, nimble, alert, expert, ready, prompt.
bestowed guests at a wedding (=pahnwn, and
next). H phar, s.m.=pharh, q.v.
H pahirwan, pahr H pharn, v.t.=pharhn,
wan, pahr`on, s.f. Dresses given to guests at q.v.
a wedding;a woman who dresses the guests H pharh [S. ], s.m.
at a wedding, a tire-woman. Clearance (as of the sky, &c.); dispersion (of
H phir` (v.n. from phirn), s.f. clouds, or of a multitude of people); fair
The act of returning; return; restitution, weather; settlement; liquidation; adjustment;
restoration. decision, definitive sentence (of a judge);
H phurphurn, ph acquittal, release, discharge;adj.
(=S. parishkita), Clear, fair, serene (as the
arpharn [S. redupl.], v.n. To quiver, sky); clean, polished, bright; pure; fair, honest,
tremble, shiver; to flutter; to flap, to wave (as a candid:pharh karn, v.t. To clean,
flag, &c.); seephaphan. &c.=pharhn.
H phurphur, s.f. Trembling, H pharhn, v.t. To clean,
quivering; tremour, palpitation; flutter: polish; to wipe; to clear; clear away (as the
phurphur len, v.n. To tremble, clouds, &c.); to settle, adjust, wipe off (debts,
&c.=phurphurn. &c.); to decide, give a final sentence (=faiala
H pharphand [S. , karn).
or +; or ], s.m. Deceit, trick, H pharh`, s.f. Cleanness,
ruse, strategem, wile; cheat, rascality, brightness; clearness (of the sky, &c.); settled
wickedness. state of the weather; pureness, honesty, fairness.
H pharphand, = H phars [S. +], s.m. A
hatchet, an axe.
H pharphandy, adj. & s.m.
H pharak [S. ], s.m. A shield
Artful, tricky, deceitful, treacherous, wicked;
an artful person, trickster, cheat, knave, &c. (=phar).
H pharphandy, = H pharak, s.f.=phaak, q.v.

H pharphand, adj. & s.m. H phir-kar, adv. Over again,

&c.=phir, q.v.

613
H pharakn, v.n.=phaakn, q.v. H pharoh, s.f. A mixture of
H phirk (rt. of phir-n+dim. parched rice and barley used as food
(see aben).
aff. k), s.f. Whirligig, windmill (a child's toy); a
H pahra, s.m.=pahr, q.v.
reel (for thread, &c.); a spindle; anything that
turns on an axis. H phurhr, s.f.=phurahr, q.v.
H phir-ke, adv.=phir-kar; phir; H pharahr [S. ], adj. (f.
q.v. -), Half-dried, half-dry; dry.
H pahirn, paharn [pahir H pharahr, s.m. =
= Prk. (), or ()=S. (), rt. H pharahr, s.f. [S. +], A
with ], v.n. To put on, to wear, flag, standard, vane, pennant.
&c.=pahinn, q.v.:s.m. Clothing. H pharahr, s.f. =
H phirn [phir = pher = H pharahr, s.m. [S. +],
Prk. () or ()=S. (), rt. with ], A flag, standard, vane, pennant.
v.n. To turn, go round, revolve, whirl; to H phurahr [S. ++],
circulate; to turn back, to return; to walk, walk s.f. Tremor, shiver, shudder of horror causing
about, walk to and fro; to wander, rove, ramble, the hair to stand erect, horripilation
stroll; to travel; to turn over, to roll; to turn (cf. phurphur):phurahr len, v.n. To shiver,
away, to turn (from, -se), to forsake (in this to shudder; to stand erect, to bristle up through
sense phir-jn is the common form); to fear (as the pile of a cat, or the feathers of a
change; to turn aside, to deviate, wander; to bird, &c.).
turn, bend, become distorted or crooked, to H phar [S. ], s.f. A species of
warp;to go forth, or to go (to the necessary),
carp;or (S. phali), a kind of fish com.
to have a stool (usually with jh or some called phalai.
similar word, e.g. jh phirn):phir-pan (-
se), To turn away from (in dissatisfaction or H phar [S. +], s.f. A shield,
displeasure), to be dissatisfied, be displeased: buckler (esp. a small leather shield used in
phir-jn (-se), To pass (before); to go back, to fencing):phar-gatk, s.m. Shield and
return; to turn (from), turn (against), to forsake, fencing-stick.
abandon, desert, to revolt (from, or against); to H pahar, =
be bent, be distorted; to warp.
H pahriy [S. ], s.m. A
H phirn, s.m. Return, exchange.
watch man, &c.=pahr, q.v. (the watchman of a
H phirn, s.f.=phirk, q.v. village is commonly employed as a servant and
H pahr, = messenger).
H pahriy =
H pahr`, [S. +], s.m. A
watchman, sentinel, &c.=pahr, q.v. H pahar, [S. ], s.m. A watch
H pahr`, = man, &c.=pahr, q.v. (the watchman of a
village is commonly employed as a servant and
H pahr, [S. +], s.m. A messenger).
watchman, sentinel, &c.=pahr, q.v. H phariy, s.f. A short bordered
H pharu`, pharw, skirt worn by girls.
s.m.=ph`or, q.v. H phariy, s.m. One who takes a
H pharu`, pharw [S. + contract for reaping.
], s.m. A kind of wooden vessel. H pharair, adj.=pharahr, q.v.
H phirwn (caus. of phirn), H pharair, s.m. =
v.t. To cause to turn; to cause to walk about, H pharair,
&c.=phirn, q.v.; to send round, to circulate. s.f. =pharahr; pharahr, q.v.
H phiron, v.t.=phirn, q.v. H pharair, s.f. =
H pharuwak (see phl), s.m. A H pharair,
betel-box. s.m. =pharahr; pharahr, q.v.
H pharh [S. +], s.m. A H phurair, s.f.=phurahr, q.v.
kind of hoe or rake (see ph`o).

614
H phars, = After repeated fluttering or fluctuation (between
hope and despair).
H phar, (corr. from the
H phakn (caus. of phaakn),
English), s.m. A pharisee (used in the
v.t. To cause to flutter; to put in a flutter to
translation of the New Testament).
cause convulsive motion in the muscles; to
H phar, = cause to throb, &c.;(met.) to shew; to show
H phars, (corr. from the off, to make a display.
English), s.m. A pharisee (used in the H phak`o, s.m. Pomp, show,
translation of the New Testament). display (=dikh`o).
H pha [S. ; or ], s.f. A place H phakan, s.f.=phaak, q.v.
of public business or of public resort; a place H phaakn (see phaak), v.n. To
where goods in quantity are exposed for
flutter, to twitch convulsively, vibrate with
inspection or sale; a mart, exchange, &c.; a
convulsive involuntary motion (as the eyelids,
gambling-house (esp. where dice are played);
&c.), to quiver, throb, beat, pulsate, palpitate; to
the shafts or pole of a carriage; a gun-carriage;
writhe (cf. bhaakn); to welter (in blood, as a
the stand of a great gun:pha-bz, s.m. A
wounded person) to yearn or long (for).
gamester, gambler; swaggerer, prater, talkative
fellow:pha-bz, s.f. Gambling, playing at H phakant,
dice;pha-pe rakhn, pha-pe lagn, v.t. To s.f.=phakan; phaak q.v.
wager, to stake. H phak, s.f. A coarse screen, a
H pha, pha [S. +], partition.
s.m. A root (as ginger, &c) which separates into H
pahun, v.n. To lie down,
cloves, a race or sprig; an end or a fragment of a
&c.=pauhn, q.v.
branch; the stalk of maize, &c.
H phaing [S. ], s.f.
H pha-pha [S. ] , s.f.
Cricket; grasshopper; locust (=patang).
Wrangling, squabbling; squabble, quarrel, fight.
H phau`, phaw,
H phan (caus. of phn), v.t.
s.m.=pharw, q.v.
To cause to be torn, split, or cleft, &c.
(cf. phan). H phawn, v.t.=pharn, q.v.
H phapha [S. = redupl. H phuwn (caus. of phon),
], s.f. Flapping (of wings); fluttering (of a flag); v.t. To cause to be broken, to get (a thing)
crackling (of stiff paper); pattering (of rain, broken (by).
&c.); rattling (of musketry), &c.;adv. With a H pha [S. +], s.f. A slab,
flapping sound, &c.:phapha karn, v.n. To block (of stone), a large stone (the
flap, flutter, &c.=phaphan, q.v. poet Saud says: Agar Saud ko her hai, to
H phaphat, lako mol-lo phaiy; tasall mujh dwne-ko
s.f.=phaphahat, q.v. na ho jhol-ke pattharo-se).
H phaphan (see phapha H phaiy (pha, q.v.+iy = S.
), v.n. To shake, shiver, to move with aff. ika), s.m. The keeper of a gaming house or
convulsive motion, to struggle, to be agitated; dice table;a retailer of goods; pedlar,
to flap (the wings), to flutter, to wave, to huckster.
twinkle; to crackle (as stiff paper, &c.); to patter H phuiy [S. +], s.f. A
(as rain); to rattle (as musketry). boil; a sore, ulcer (see pho, of
H phaphaha, s.f. which phuiy is the diminutive).
Flutter; struggle; disquietude, agitation. H phaait [pha, q.v.+S. ], s.m.
H phaphaiy, adj. & s.m. A dice-player, a gambler (=pha-bz).
Active, brisk, swift, quick, hasty, bustling:a H phus, phas [S. , or , or
flutterer.
onomat.], s.f. A soft sound (as of weak, flimsy,
H phaak [S. + ], s.f. friable, or brittle substances); sound of
Fluttering, flutter, flap; fluctuating; vibrating, soft ventris crepitatio; hissing, hiss:phus-
quivering, twitching, pulsation, throbbing, phus, phas-phas, s.f. Hissing; whispering;
palpitating, palpitation; agitation (cf.bharak); softness, looseness, flabbiness, flaccidity:
weltering (in blood):phaak-phaak-kar, adv. phus-phusar, s.m. Whispering, buzzing in the
ear.

615
H phasrn, v.t.=phasn, q.v. H phusphuswa, =
H phasku, s.m. Worthless or bad H phusphus-ha, s.f.
tobacco. (Inelegant.) Whispering; buzzing in the ear.
H phasn (caus. of phasn), v.t. H phusphus-ha, =
To cause to stick (as in mud, &c.); to cause to H phusphuswa, s.f.
be imprisoned; to involve (one in difficulties,
Whispering; buzzing in the ear.
&c.); to entangle, ensnare, embroil, catch; to
squash;to take in, deceive, cheat:phas- H phusar-phusar, s.m.
len, v.t. Intensive of, and=phasn. Whispering (=phus-phus; phus-phusar;
H phus, adj. corr. q.v.s.v. phus).
of phushind, q.v. H phasa, phisa,
H phas`o, s.m. = adj. Lagging behind; last (in order, degree, or
time);adv. Behind; late.
H phasw, s.m. =
H phas [S. +dim. aff. fr.
H phaswa, s.f. [phas, rt.
S. ], s.f.=phs, q.v.
of phasn+Prk. +=S.
H phusk, adj. (f. -) = phasphas,
()++], Sticking; ensnaring; q.v.
inveigling; entanglement; perplexity, H phaskn (caus.
difficulty:phaswo-me n, v.n. To get of phasakn), v.t. To split, cleave, break, burst
into difficulties, &c. open; to loosen, slacken.
H phasw, s.m. = H phaska =
H phas`o, s.m. = H phaska =
H phaswa, s.f. [phas, rt. H phaska, phasak s.m. A
of phasn+Prk. +=S. sitting broadly and roomily or loosely upon the
()++], Sticking; ensnaring; buttocks and hams; sitting on the ground with
the legs extended; squatting:phaska
inveigling; entanglement; perplexity,
mrn, phaska mr-ke baihn, v.n. To sit in
difficulty:phaswo-me n, v.n. To get
the posture described above, to squat.
into difficulties, &c.
H phaska =
H phaswa, s.f. =
H phaska =
H phas`o, s.m. =
H phaska, phasak s.m. A
H phasw, s.m. [phas, rt.
sitting broadly and roomily or loosely upon the
of phasn+Prk. +=S. buttocks and hams; sitting on the ground with
()++], Sticking; ensnaring; the legs extended; squatting:phaska
inveigling; entanglement; perplexity, mrn, phaska mr-ke baihn, v.n. To sit in
difficulty:phaswo-me n, v.n. To get the posture described above, to squat.
into difficulties, &c. H phaska, phasak =
H phushind (phus+conj. + H phaska =
S. gandhaka), adj. (f. -), Having a bad or H phaska s.m. A sitting broadly
offensive smell, stinking, fetid.
and roomily or loosely upon the buttocks and
H phusphus, phaspha hams; sitting on the ground with the legs
s (see phus), adj. (f. -), Soft, pulpy, spongy, extended; squatting:phaska
loose, flabby, flaccid; slack, not rigid; breaking mrn, phaska mr-ke baihn, v.n. To sit in
or separating readily and with a soft noise; the posture described above, to squat.
weak, feeble, flimsy, softly brittle, rotten,
H phasakn (see phas), v.n. To
mouldering, crumbling; worthless, bad,
pithless, vapid. become loose or slack;to sink (into mud,
&c.);to split, burst open, break.
H phisphisn, v.n. To be
H phisakn, v.n. To hiss:s.m.
terrified; to hiss; to spit (as a cat).
Hissing (of a snake).
H phusphusn (see phus),
P phask (from phasakn, 'to sink'
v.n. To whisper.
into), s.f. A handful of grain, &c. taken by

616
official personages as a tax out of each load H phisaln, adj. (f. -), Slippery,
brought to market; a small quantity (of any
smooth.
commodity) given over the weight or measure
(=ph`o); a palmful of grain presented (on H phuslauniy (phuslwan,
occasions) by schoolboys to their master; a from phuslwan = phusln,+iya), s.m.
handful of grain presented by women to iva on Coaxer, wheedler, flatterer, seducer.
every Monday throughout the year, or H phislah, phisalh, adj.
throughout the month Svan. Slippery.
H phusk (see phus), s.f. A soft or H phasn, v.n.=phasn, q.v.
noiseless passing of wind; (fig.) whispered
calumny. H phasiyr (phsi,
H phusl, s.f. contrac. q.v.+S. kra), s.m. A strangler,
a hag (=phs-gar, q.v.).
of phuslha, q.v.
H phi, intj. Pish! pshaw! tush!
H phisln (caus of phisaln),
v.t. To cause to slip or slide; to cause to err. H phak (see bhak), s.m. Sound,
H phusln [prob. fr. S. ], noise:phak-des, phak-den, adv. In a
moment, all-at-once; suddenly.
v.t. lit. 'To speak softly to'; to coax; to amuse,
divert, humour, fondle; to cajole, wheedle, H phakk, s.m.=phk, q.v.
inveigle, entice, seduce, decoy:phusl-ke le- H phikk, adj.=phk, q.v.
jn, v.t. To entice away; to kidnap.
H phikrn [S. ,
H phisl`o (rt. of phisln+w;
or ], v.t. To bare or uncover the head; to
cf. pha s`o), s.m. Slipping, sliding;
slipperiness. unplait the hair, to let down the hair.
H phusl` [rt. of phusl-n+ = H phikn (caus. of phekn), v.t.
To cause to throw; to teach to throw; to have or
Prk. =S. ()+], adj. & s.m.f. Coaxing,
get (a thing) thrown away (=phikwn).
wheedling;coaxer, wheedler, seducer, &c.
H pahukar, puhukar, s.m.
H phusl`o, s.m. =
(Old H.)=pokhar, q.v.
H phuslw, s.m. = H phakka [S. +], s.m.
H phuslha, s.f. (cf. phas`o, Raillery, indecent or abusive language, abuse;
&c.), Coaxing, wheedling, cajoling; cajolery, low and coarse jesting:phakka-bz, s.m. One
flattery, seduction, blandishment. who indulges in low and obscene language, an
H phuslw, s.m. = indecent prater; one who is given to scurrilous
abuse.
H phusl`o, s.m. =
H phak, s.f. The act of treating
H phuslha, s.f. (cf. phas`o, with rudeness; rudeness, dishonour, disgrace:
&c.), Coaxing, wheedling, cajoling; cajolery, phak karn (-k), To treat with rudeness, to
flattery, seduction, blandishment. vilify, disgrace; to speak ill (of), disparage,
H phuslha, s.f. = slander.
H phusl`o, s.m. = S phakkik, s.f. A preconceived
opinion, previous statement, &c.=phk, q.v.
H phuslw, s.m. (cf. phas`o,
H phakn (see phkn), To be
&c.), Coaxing, wheedling, cajoling; cajolery,
flattery, seduction, blandishment. chucked into the mouth from the palm of the
hand (grain, meal, powder, &c.).
H phislha, s.f.=phisl`o,
H phukn (see phkn), v.n. To be
q.v.
blown, be inflated; to be blown up (a fire), be
H phislan (see next), s.m. blown into a flame; to be set fire to, be burnt; to
Slipping, sliding; slipperiness; erring, slip, burn, be consumed (lit. and fig.;also
error. written phukn):phuk-den, v.t. To blow
H phisaln [phisal = Prk. & into a flame; to set fire to, to burn, consume.
S. ], v.n. To slip, slide; to make a slip, H phukn, s.m. A bladder;a bag,
to err:phisal-parn, v.n. To slip, &c.;to purse;a kind of firework, a Roman candle.
incline (to), be attracted (towards).

617
H phukn, s.f. A hollow piece of called kakoli); a nutmeg:
phalpeksh (phala+apeksh), s.f. Regard to
bamboo used to blow a fire, a blow-pipe;a
results, expectation of consequences:
firelock or pistol.
phal (phala+), adj. & s.m. Feeding or
H phikwn (caus. of phikn, living on fruits;any creature that lives on
or phekn), v.t. To cause (a thing) to be fruits:phal n, v.n. Fruit to appear; to bear
thrown or thrown away, to have (a thing) fruit:phal-hr, s.m. Taking a slight repast,
thrown away (by, se):phikw-den, v.t. To eating fruits, parched corn, &c. for a meal;a
have (a thing) thrown away. repast of fruits, &c.:phal-bujhawwal, phal-
H phakoiy [S. ++ bujhauwal, s.m. A boys' game (called
also mankel: 'think of a number; double it; add
], s.m. An indecent talker; an absurd prater; a ten to it; take five from it, &c.: how much
fop (=phka). remains? Twenty-one:' the number was
H phakoiyt, s.f. eight):phal-bhog, s.m. Enjoyment of
Absurdity; raillery, scurrility;foppishness. consequences; possession of rent or profit,
usufruct:phal-bhog, adj. & s.m. Enjoying
H phakk, = fruits or consequences; receiving profits;one
H phakiy, s.f.=phak; phk, who reaps consequences, profits, &c.:phal-
qq.v. pk, s.m. The ripening of fruit; the fulness of
consequences;the tree and fruit Carissa
H phakiy, = carandas (com. called karaund);phal-
H phakk, s.f.=phak; phk, qq.v. pknt (i.e. pka+ant), s.f. An annual plant
which dies after bearing fruit:phal pn(-k),
H phakkiy,
To reap the fruits or consequences (of), to reap
s.f.=phakkik; phk, qq.v. the reward (of), to get one's deserts:phal-
H phikait [Prk. =S. prpt, part. adj. Obtaining the consequences (of
actions), rewarded, recompensed; punished:
+ ; see phekn], s.m. A thrower (of a
phal-prpti, s.f. Obtaining (the desired) fruit or
spear, &c.); a skilled fencer, a club-player. result; enjoying the consequences (of
H phikait [the actions):phal-phalr, phal-phall,phal-
preceding+Prk. =S. ], s.f. Playing with phalyr, phal-phalair, s.f. Fruits of various
kinds, fruitage:phal-pr, s.m. lit. 'Full of
or using foils or clubs; the art of fencing. kernels'; the common citron:phal phaln, v.n.
H phagl, s.f.=phg, q.v. To bear fruit:phal-tr, s.m. The fruit-
H phagu`, phag`, p bearing t, the female palm:phala-
trika, phala-traya, s.m. 'Fruit-triad'; three sorts
hagw, [S. +], s.m. The Hol festival; of fruit collectively (the fruit of the vine with
the song of the Hol festival; presents made those ofGrewia asiatica or Xylocarpus
during the Hol. granatum and Gmelina arborea); the three
H pahal [S. ?], s.m. A flock (of myrobalans:phal-janak, adj. Fruitful, fruit-
cotton, wool, &c.). producing, prolific:phal-amas, s.m. The
H pahal, s.m. A side (=pahl, q.v.). bark of the Indian fig-tree (ground and eaten
with curds by way of penance):phala-
H pahal,
da, phalad, phal-dt, phal-dtri, phal-
or pahil [Prk. or =S. d`, phal-dyak, adj. & s.m. Yielding or
bearing fruit; bringing profit or gain; yielding a
+], s.m. Beginning, commencement;
result or consequence; giving a reward; fertile;
initiative; aggression;adv. In the first profitable, advantageous, useful, efficacious;
place:pahal karn (me), To make a one who rewards; a benefactor;phala-
beginning; to take the initiative (in). da, phalad, s.m. A fruit-tree; a tree:phal-dr,
S phal, s.m. Fruit; produce, product, adj. Fruit-bearing, fruitful:phal den, v.n. To
crop, yield; offspring, children; return, requital, yield fruit:phal-siddhi, s.f. Acquiring fruit,
recompense; gain, profit, advantage; result, reaping fruit, realizing an object; a prosperous
effect, consequence; inference, corollary; (in issue:phal-sampat, phal-sampad, s.f.
Arith.) the quotient; the answer (of a problem, Abundance of fruit; good result; success,
riddle, &c.); the area or superficial contents (of prosperity:phal-reshh, s.m. 'Best of fruits,'
a figure); the fulfilment (of an omen);the iron the mango:phal-kmn, s.f. Desire of a result
head (of a spear, arrow, &c.); the blade (of a or consequence:phal-kar, s.m. Produce of
sword, knife, &c.); a ploughshare; a shield; a trees and orchards; profits or revenue arising
kind of fragrant berry and drug (commonly from the fruit-trees on an estate:phal-krishn,

618
s.m. The fruit of the Carissa
carandas (syn. karond):phal-koshak, s.m.
The scrotum or testicles:phal-khanan, s.m.
The destruction of fruits; frustration of results;
disappointing:phal-kear, s.m. 'Having fruit
for hair'; the cocoa-nut tree:phal-grahi, adj.
Fruitful, bearing fruit in due season:phal
ln, v.n. To bring forth fruit:phal-vn, phal-
vat, phal-vant, adj. Bearing fruit, fruitful;
yielding results or consequences:
phalottam (phala+uttam), s.f. 'Best of fruits,'
a kind of grape without stones; the highest
recompense, viz. that arising from sacred
study:phaloday (phala+udaya), s.m. Coming
forth or appearance of fruit; profit, advantage,
gain; appearance of consequences or results;
consequence, result, recompense, reward;
punishment:phalodde (la+ud), s.m. Regard
to results:phala-hni, s.f. Loss of fruit or
profit:phal-hn, adj. Void of fruit, yielding no
fruit, fruitless:phale-ruh, s.f. The trumpet-
flower, Bignonia suaveolens.
S phulla, part. Blown, open, expanded H phuln [caus. of phln;
(as a flower); in full bloom, in blossom; opened
wide, dilated (as the eyes); smiling, gay:
phulla-dman, s.m. lit. 'Flowery garland'; a
species of the atidhriti metre:phulla-loan,
adj. & s.m. Having the eyes dilated, looking
pleased or happy; full-eyed;a large full
eye;a happy-looking person; a kind of
antelope:phulla-nayan, adj. & s.m. Having
full or large eyes; having the eyes dilated (with
pleasure), smiling, happy;a happy-looking
person, &c.:phulla-vn, phulla-vat, phulla-
vant, adj. Expanded, blossoming, blowing,
flowering:phullotpal (la+ut), s.m. A full-
blown lotus or flower.
H pahl, pahil, paihl [pahal, spring or leap over.
q.v.+S. ], adj. & adv. (f. -), First, the first;
former, pricr, previous, original, primary;
leading, chief, main, principal;previously,
before; soon; rather:pahle, pahile, adv. At
first, first, in the first place; previously, already;
hitherto; of old; sooner, before (governing the
gen. in -ke, or the abl.); chiefly; rather (than, -
se):pahle-pahal, pahle-pahle, adv. First of
all, in the first place or instance; of old;
originally:pahle-se, adv. From the first, from
the very commencement; at first, in the first
place; already, beforehand:pahle-h-se, adv.
From the very first, &c.
H phal [S. ], adj. & s.m. (f. -) protuberance.
Abounding with fruit;having a blade, or head
(as a knife, &c.; e.g. du-phal, 'two-bladed');
a compound letter; the head (of a dart, or
arrow), the head or bowl (of a spoon).
H phull [S. +], s.m. H phul-b, s.m. =phul-w, q.v.
Anything of the shape of a flower; a speck in
the eye, albugo; cataract;anything swolien;
roasted or parched grain:phull niklna, v.n.
To remove a cataract, to couch.
H phalr, s.m. =
H phalr, s.f. =phalyr; phalyr,
qq.v.
H phalr, s.f. =
H phalr, s.m. =phalyr; phalyr,
qq.v.
H phals, s.m. A stride; a leap,
spring, jump (=phalg).
H phulsar, phulsr, s.m.
Coaxing, wheedling; flattery, &c. (=phuslw).
H phallain, phllain (corr. of
the English), s.m. Flannel.
H phaln (caus. of phaln), v.t.
To cause to bear fruit, to make fruitful, to
fructify.
phul = Prk. ()
or ()=S. +], v.t. To cause to
swell; to swell out, puff out; to inflate, distend,
expand; to fatten; (met.) to puff (with flattery),
to make proud; &c. (see phln).
H phals, s.m.=phals, q.v.
H phalg [S. +], s.f. A
long stride; a leap, jump, spring, bound:
phalng mrnd, v.n. To stride; to spring, leap,
jump (=phalgn).
H phalgn, v.n. To stride; to
spring, leap, jump;v.t. To stride over; to
H phul`o (see phuln), s.m.=next,
q.v.
H phulwa, =
H phulha, [rt. of phuln, q.v.+
Prk. +=S. ()++ ], s.f.
Swelling, inflation, distension, puffiness;
protuberance.
H phulha, =
H phulwa, [rt. of phuln,
q.v.+ Prk. +=S. ()++ ], s.f.
Swelling, inflation, distension, puffiness;
H phul-b, s.m. =
H phul-b, s.f. =phul-w, q.v.
H phul-b, s.f. =
619
H phulphul [Prk. ; H phulkr [S. ], adj.
S. redupl. + , adj. Having interstices, & s.f. Flowered, figured, embroidered (cloth or
paper);flowered cloth; a tissued flower (on
breaks, chinks, &c.; uncompact; incoherent.
cloth or paper, &c.).
S phalit, vulg. phalat, part. adj.
S phalak, phalk, s.m. One who is
That has produced fruit; bearing or yielding
armed with a shield, a shield-bearer.
fruit; fruitful; yielding a result, followed by a
consequence, successful; profitable, S phallak, phalak, phalk,
advantageous:phalitrth (ta+ar), s.m. A s.m. A species of fresh-water fish, Mystus
meaning implied or involved (though not capirat (syn. phalsa`, phala`).
expressed);adv. On the whole, in effect, in H phulk (dim. of phulk, q.v.), s.f.
fine.
A swollen or puffed apt or cake; a raised
H phalat [Prk. =S. ], s.f. cake of pease-meal fried in oil
The state of being fruitful or luxuriant, or gh (=phulaur); fritters;soft earth or
fruitfulness. ground.
S phullit, part. adj. Swollen, S phalgun, s.m.=phlgun, q.v.
blown, inflated, distended. S phalgu, s.f. The opposite-leaved
H phal-, s.m. See s.v. phal. fig-tree, Ficus oppositifolia; the red powder
H phalh [S. +], s.m. A used in the Hol festival (=phg, q.v.);name
of a particular river said to flow under Gay.
small shoot.
S phalan, s.m. Bearing fruit,
H phul-jha [S. +],
fructifying; producing consequences.
s.f. lit. 'Pouring forth flowers'; a kind of
firework in imitation of a fountain, a flower- H phaln [phal = Prk. () =
pot. S. (), rt. ;+n or an =
S phala-da, phalad, adj. & s.m. See
Prk. =S. ], v.n. To bear fruit, be in
s.v. phal for compounds of which that word is
fruit, to produce; to have issue; to result, be
the first member.
produced as a consequence; to be fortunate, to
H phal [S. & prosper;to break out into blisters, pimples,
Prk. +Prk. =S. +], s.m. The blade &c., to have an eruption on the face and
body:phaln phln, v.n. To bud and
(of a sword, knife, &c.).
blossom; to flourisb, thrive.
S phalas, s.m. The bread-fruit or jak-
H phuln, v.n.=phln, q.v.
tree (=panas).
H phalant [Prk. ; S. ],
H phals [S. ], s.m. Door,
adj. Bearing fruit, fruitful.
gate; quarter (of a town).
H phalag, s.f.=phalg, q.v.
H philasn, v.n. corr.
of phisaln, q.v. H phulag, s.f.=phunag, q.v.
H phalsa`, s.f. A species of fresh- H phalagn, v.n.=phalgn,
water fish, Mystus q.v.
capirat (syn. phallak; phala`). S phalin, s.f. (of phal, q.v.), A
S phalak, s.m. A board; a bench; a medicinal plant (=priyagu, q.v.);a species of
layer, base; surface; a leaf for writing on; a pot-herb, Echites dichotoma;a species of
shield; the bone of the forehead, Os frontis; flower, Celosia cristata.
the plant Mesua ferrea. S pahlava, pahlav, s.m. Name of a
H phulk, phalk [S. + people, the Persians; the country of the ancient
], adj. & s.m. Swollen, puffed up, inflated; Persians;name of a degraded Kshatriya race
risen (as bread or pastry), light;a blister;a conquered by Sagara and sentenced by him to
swollen or puffedapt or cake;soft earth or wear beards (see Wilson's Vishu-Pura, p.
ground;an area or arena for wrestlers. 375).
P pahlav (cf. the above), s.m. Name of the
H phulkrn [S. +, country where Pehlev was spoken, ancient
rt. ], v.t. To inflate, swell out, to expand (as a Persia;a city;a saint;a hero; a wrestler
snake's hood); to expand its hood (a snake). (=pahlvn).

620
P pahl [Pehl. pahru; Z. pereu; S. prva], fruit and pulse (or of pulse alone) fried in gh or
s.m. A side; flank, wing; a facet;utility; oil; fritters (syn.pakau; phulk).
profit, advantage; indirect or crooked expedient, H pahilauh, pahlou
dishonourable or fraudulent means:pahl-
par, adv. On the side; on one side, laterally: h, adj.=pahilau, q.v.
pahl-tih, s.f. Drawing aside, withdrawing P pahlav, adj. & s.f. Of or pertaining
(from); evasion, shirking, neglect;pahl-tih to Pahlav, q.v.; of a city; of or pertaining to a
hero;the ancient language of Persia, the
karn (-me), To draw aside or apart, to draw
Pehlevi.
back (from), to withdraw, retire, retreat; to
decline, avoid; to evade, shirk:pahl-dr, adj. H phul-hath [S. ++],
Having sides, having facets;profiting, A cudgelling, a beating.
benefiting, advantageous; indirect; ambiguous; H phala`, s.f. A kind of fish
specious, dissimulating;scurrilous
(=phallak, q.v.).
(language):pahl-nishn, adj. & s.m. Sitting
by the side;a companion. H pahle, adv. See s.v. pahl.
H phalu`, phalw [S. + H phal [S. +], s.f. A cod or
], s.m. A knotted fringe or border; a knotted pod (esp. of peas); the seed-vessel or shell of
any leguminous plant (as
tassel.
peas, mg, lobiy, uad, &c.);a shield;a
H phulwr, = loop:phal-kash, s.m. A hook for drawing the
H phulw, [S. +], looped strings through the holes by which the
s.f. A flower-garden; an orchard;offspring, walls of a tent are laced to the top.
children, family. S phal, adj. Bearing fruit, fruitful, &c.
H phulw, = (=phalwn); having an iron head or point (as an
arrow, &c.); having a blade, bladed (as a knife;
H phulwr, [S. +], e.g. du-phal, two-bladed).
s.f. A flower-garden; an orchard;offspring, S phal, s.f.=phalin, q.v.
children, family.
S phalvn, adj. See s.v. phal. H phill, s.f. The leg (=pinl, q.v.).
P pahlwn (for pahlav-n; see pahlav), H phull (dim. of phull, or of phl),
s.m. Hero; champion; athlete, wrestler, a stout
s.f. A floweret; a small flower-shaped ornament
and sturdy fellow. of gold or silver (worn in the nose, or the ear, or
P pahlwn, s.f. Heroism; athletic attached to another ornament);a white speck
exercise. in the eye, albugo (syn. biyu-`l-`ain); the
H phulw`, s.f. (Old H.)=phul-tumbler of the cock of a musket:phull-
w, q.v. hn (see hn), s.m. The star-pagoda, a gold coin
(of Madras, worth three and a half rupees, or
H pahilau, pahlau = seven shillings sterling).
H pahilauh, pahlauh H phaliy, s.f. A pod, &c.=phal,
[Prk. =S. ++], adj. q.v.
& s.m. First-born; &c.=palauh, q.v. H phalyr, s.m. =
H pahilauh, pahlauh H phalyr, s.f. [S. +],
= A light meal or repast of fruits, vegetables, or
H pahilau, pahlau [Pr parched grain (see phalhr, s.v.phal).
k. =S. ++], adj. & H phalyr, s.f. =
s.m. First-born; &c.=palauh, q.v. H phalyr, s.m. [S. +], A
H pahilauhe- light meal or repast of fruits, vegetables, or
parched grain (see phalhr, s.v.phal).
pan, pahlauhe-pan, [the
H phaliyn, v.n. To bear fruit.
preceding+Prk. =S. (Vedic ], s.m.
S phale-ruh, s.f. See s.v. phal.
Primogeniture.
H phalair, s.f.=phalyr, q.v.
S phaloday (+), s.m. See
s.v. phal. H phulel, phalel [Prk.
H phulaur, phullor [S. ; S. +], s.m. Oil impregnated with
+], s.f. A small swollen or puffed cake of

621
essence of flowers by steeping them in it; H pahnwan, s.f. Garments
scented oil; essence (as a perfume).
bestowed on guests and relations at a wedding
S phalya, s.m. A bud; a flower. (=pahrwan).
H pahumi, puhumi, s.f. (Old P H pahn` (from pahn), s.f. Width,
breadth, spaciousness, ampleness,
H.)=prithiv, q.v.
extensiveness.
P pahn, pahan [Pehl. phan; Zend pathana],
s.m. Width, breadth, extension, ampleness; H pahun`, s.f.=pahuna`, q.v.
adj. Wide, &c.=pahn, q.v. H phanphan (see next), s.f. The
S pha, vulg. phan, s.m. The hiss of a snake.
expanded hood or neck of a snake (esp. of H phanphann (by redupl.
the Cobra di capello):phan uhn, v.n. To from phan, q.v.), v.n. To expand the hood (as a
expand its hood (a snake):pha-dhar, pha- snake); to hiss (as a snake); to spring up quickly
kar, s.m. A snake (esp. the Cobra):pha- or suddenly (as a snake, or as a fast-growing
mai, s.m. A jewel supposed to be found in the plant); to be or become erect, to rise; to move
hood of a snake:phan mrn (-par), To strike about briskly (as a playful child), to frisk.
with the head, to bite or sting (a snake);to S phanjik, s.f. The
strike the head (against); to make strenuous
efforts:pha-vn, pha-want, adj. & s.m. plant Clerodendrum siphonanthus; the
plant Lipeocercis serrata;the plant Alhagi
Hooded;a snake (=pha-dhar).
maurorum.
H pahn, s.m.=panh, q.v.
S phaijjhak, s.m. Marjoram,
P pahn (see pahan), adj. Broad, wide,
and another similar plant.
ample, extensive, spacious:pahn-
wr, pahn-war, adj.=pahn. S phaijjhak, s.f. A plant
H pahinn, pahann, v.t. (apparently) a species of basil with small
leaves.
See pahinn.
S phanj, s.f. The
H pahun, s.m.=phun, q.v.
plant Clerodendrum siphonanthus:phanj-
H phan, s.f. A snake's hood pattrik or putrik, s.f. The plant Salvinia
(=phan);the forecastle of a ship. cucullata.
H phunn, s.m. A tassel, tuft, bunch H pahu, paho,
(of silk, &c.), the silk lash (of a whip). vulg. poha (see pahun), s.f. Arrival;
H pahnn, pahinn [ca reach; access, admittance; attainment,
us. of pahann; the of pahn = w = comprehension; sagacity, penetration; capacity,
Prk. we = S.pi], v.t. To cause to be dressed; power;receipt, acknowledgment.
to cause to put on; to put on, to dress H pahu, paho [S +],
(=pahirn). s.m. The fore-arm, the wrist.
H phinn [phin = phen, H pahun, pahon [caus.
q.v.+Prk. we = S.], v.t. To cause to froth, of pahun; the of pahu = Prk. caus.
to make frothy; to beat or whip into a froth aff. or =S. ], v.t. To cause to
(=phen). arrive, cause to reach; to cause to be sent; to
H pahn`o, pahin`o = convey, escort, conduct, accompany, see (one)
to (a place), to bring; to send, forward, transmit;
H pahnw, pahinw [rt. to cause, occasion, bring to pass; to inflict
of pahinn +`o or w = Prk. we or wa = (punishment, misery, &c.) upon:pahu-
S. + ], s.m. Clothing, clothes, dress, den, v.t. To cause to arrive or to reach, to send,
garment. forward, transmit; to convey, conduct, &c.
H pahnw, pahinw = H pahuwanau, v.t.
H pahn`o, pahin`o [rt. (Braj)=pahon.
of pahinn +`o or w = Prk. we or wa = H pahun, pahon [pahu =
S. + ], s.m. Clothing, clothes, dress, Prk.
()=S. (); or fr. S. +;
garment. or +] , v.n. To arrive, reach, come
P pahn-wr, adj. See s.v. pahn. (upon), come (to or up to); to accrue, extend,
befall; to have access (to).

622
H pahuwn, v.t.=pahon, H phasn [caus. of phasn;
q.v. phas = phasw = Prk. ()
H pahu, paho [S. +;
or ()=S. +], v.t. To cause to be
cf. pahac], s.f. An ornament worn on the snared or noosed; to cause to be caught or
wrist, a bracelet (esp. a bracelet of gold beads entrapped; to cause to be involved; to ensnare,
strung together and fastened with a clasp). entrap, atch; to inveigle, entangle, involve (in),
H , phand, = to implicate.
H , phand, [S. +; but H phas`o (see phansn), s.m.
cf. phd], s.m. Noose, net, snare, trap, gin; Entanglement; an ensnaring or entrapping
grasp, gripe, toils, clutches; perplexity, business or affair; a sticking place (as a muddy
difficulty; maze:phand pan or pa-jn (- road, a bog, or fen); a narrow place.
me), To get entangled, to get into knots (a H phas, s.f.=phs, q.v.
string, &c.); to be noosed; to be strangled:
H phus, s.f.=phuns, q.v.
phand den, phand ln, phand lagn,
v.n. To set a snare, trap, &c.; to knot, loop, H phasn [phas =
entangle, &c.:phande-me n, phande-me Prk. ()=S. (), rt. ], v.n. To be
pan, phande-me phasn, v.n. To fall into a
taken in a noose, &c.; to be noosed, be
snare, trap, &c., to be caught in a trap, &c., to
ensnared, be entrapped; to be suspended (as a
be ensnared; to be taken in, be imposed upon; to vessel with a noose round it); to be caught; to
fall into difficulties; to fall into the toils (of, - be imprisoned; to be entangled; to stick (as in
ke).
mud, or in a narrow passage); to be impeded; to
H , phand, = be embroiled, be involved (in difficulties,
H , phand, [S. +; but calamity, &c.).
cf. phd], s.m. Noose, net, snare, trap, gin; H phaswn, v.t.=phasn,
grasp, gripe, toils, clutches; perplexity, q.v.
difficulty; maze:phand pan or pa-jn (- H phuns, s.f. A pimple; pustule; a
me), To get entangled, to get into knots (a small boil (=phuiy, q.v.).
string, &c.); to be noosed; to be strangled:
H phaniyr [phs, q.v.+S.
phand den, phand ln, phand lagn,
v.n. To set a snare, trap, &c.; to knot, loop, ], s.m. A foot-pad who strangles travellers,
entangle, &c.:phande-me n, phande-me a hag (=phs-gar, q.v.); a hangman.
pan, phande-me phasn, v.n. To fall into a S phaik, s.m. A snake, serpent.
snare, trap, &c., to be caught in a trap, &c., to
be ensnared; to be taken in, be imposed upon; to H pahnik [S. ], s.f. The
fall into difficulties; to fall into the toils (of, - plant Pistia stratioites.
ke). H phak, s.m.=phk, q.v.:
H phandn, phadn (ca phak mrn, v.n.=phk mrn.
us. of phdn), v.t. To cause to jump or leap; H phukr [S. +], s.f.
to cause to leap or jump over.
Hissing, hiss (of a snake):phukr mrn,
H phandln (caus. v.n. To hiss (as a snake).
of phandn), v.t. To take in a noose, snare, or H phukrn, v.n. To hiss (as a
trap; to entrap, ensnare; to entangle; to inveigle;
snake).
to beguile, divert (=phusln).
H phandn (see phand; H phukr, s.f. Hissing, hiss
and phd), v.n. To be taken in a noose, snare, (=phukr):phukr mrn, v.n.=phukr
or trap; to be ensnared, be entrapped; to be mrn.
imprisoned; to be entangled; to be caught or H phikn, phakn,
held fast; to get into difficulties. v.t. To cause to be flung or thrown,
H phundn, phudn, s.m. A &c.=phikn; to cause to be chucked into the
tassel, &c. (=phunn). mouth; to chuck into the mouth (=phkn: in
this sense the proper form is phakn).
H phanas, phannas,
H phikn, phakn (fr. the
s.m.=panas, q.v.
trans. phekn, q.v.), v.n. To be flung or
thrown; to be thrown away.

623
H phukn, v.n. & s.m.=phukn, H phanns, s.m. corr. of fns,
q.v. q.v.
H phikwn, phak H phuwr, =
wn, v.t.=phikwn, q.v. H phuhr, s.f.=phuwr or phu`r,
H phukwn [doub. caus. q.v.
of phkn, q.v.; H phuhr, =
phukwa = phk+w redupl.=Prk. or H phuwr, s.f.=phuwr or phu`r,
=S. caus. increment], v.t. To cause to blow; q.v.
to cause to be blown; to have (a fire, &c.) H phuhr,
blown into flame; to have (a thing) set ablaze, s.m.=phuwr or phu`r, q.v.
or set fire to.
H
pahun` [S. +
+ (
S phai-khel, s.m. A quail.
)], s.f. Hospitality, entertainment, reception
H phak, =
(of guests or visitors):pahun` karn (-k),
H phakiy, s.f.=phak; phk, To practise hospitality, to entertain, act the host,
q.v. to receive.
H phakiy, = S pha, & H. phan, phan,
H phak, s.f.=phak; phk, q.v. adj. & s.m. Hooded, &c.=phain, q.v.;a
wedge (so named from its shape,=phn, q.v.).
S phai-kear, s.m. See
H phunn, =
s.v. phain.
H phuniy, (see phunag;
H phag [S. ], s.m. A
and phug), s.f. A tassel; a knot;penis
grasshopper.
puerilis (=phunno, q.v.).
S phigak, s.m. The fork-tailed
H phuniy, =
shrike (probably a Prkrit form of the
S. bhringaka). H phunn, (see phunag;
H phug [S. ++, rt. ], s.f. and phug), s.f. A tassel; a knot;penis
puerilis (=phunno, q.v.).
A shoot, sprout; the point or tip (of an ear of
corn, or of a branch, &c.; cf. phunang). S phavar, =
S phain, s.m. The hooded serpent, S phandra, s.m. See
a cobra di capello; a snake:phai-pati, s.v. phain.
s.m.=phai-nth, q.v.:phai-kear, s.m. The S phandra, =
plant Mesua Roxburghii:phai-nth, s.m. An
S phavar, s.m. See
epithet of eshng; a name of Patanjali:
phavar (phai+vara); phandra (phai+i s.v. phain.
ndra), s.m.=phai-nth. H pho, intj. Faugh! pooh! pshaw! fie!
H pahinn, pahann [fr. the H
pihu`, s.m. A kind of bird (prob. a
trans. pahinn; cuckoo; cf. pik).
pahin or pahinw or pihnw = H ph` [Prk. or or
Prk. () or ()=S. (),
=S. + ], s.f. Father's sister
caus. of;cf. pahirn and pahirn], v.t. (=php; phupp, q.v.; and cf. b`).
To put on, to wear (clothes, shoes, &c.); to H ph`, s.m. A lizard.
dress;s.m. Clothing, dress.
H phunag [S. ++; H phuwr, phu`r [S. ,
cf. phug], s.f. Top, summit; peak, point, end, , or +?], s.f. Small fine rain, drizzle; mist,
extremity, tip (of a bough, or of the nose, &c.); fog; small spot or drop:phu`r pan, v.n.
projection, anything that projects or stands Small drops of rain to fall; to drizzle:phu`r-
prominently out. dr, adj. Having small spots, marked with small
S pahnav, s.m.=pahlav, q.v. spots, spotted.
H phunno (see phunag), s.m. Penis H phuwr, phu`r (see ph
puerilis (=phunn; syn. nn). u`r), s.m. A fountain, a jet-d`eau (=fawr); a

624
watering-can with a rose; the perpendicular tube (=phu, q.v.):ph-bikher, adj. Scattered,
of a uqqa. dispersed.
H ph`a, adj. & s.f.=phha, q.v. H ph [S. ; Prk.], s.f. The
H php, s.m.=phup or puhup, q.v.; musk melon, Cucumis momordica;a
cucumber run to seed and bursting elastically
also=phuph, q.v.
(as the Cucumis utilissimus, Roxb.,
H php, s.m.=phph, q.v. and Momordica mixta, (Roxb.).
H phpas (contrac. of phpiy-ss), H ph [perf. part. of phn;
s.f. The aunt of a wife or husband. and=Prk. =S. +], part. adj. (f.
H phpasr (contrac. of phupiy- -), Broken, cracked, chipped, burst, shivered:
sasur), s.m. The uncle of a wife or husband. phe muh-se, adv. With a distorted or wry
H phph [S. ++], s.m. face.
Father's sister's husband (=phupph or phupp, H ph-kar, =
the form commonly used by Musalmns). H ph-ke, (past conj. part.
H phophs, adj.=phaphs, q.v. of phn), adv.=ph, q.v.
H phph, s.m.=phph, q.v. H ph-ke, = H ph-
H phph, = kar, (past conj. part. of phn), adv.=ph, q.v.
H phph, (see phph), s.f. Father's ? phl [Prk. =S. +
sister, paternal aunt (=phupph or phupp, the +], adj. Cracked, bad, base (coin).
form used by Musalmns).
H phan (see next), s.f. Racking
H phph, =
pain (in the bones or joints=har-phan);
H phph, (see phph), s.f. Father's misunderstanding, disagreement, discord,
sister, paternal aunt (=phupph or phupp, the wrangling (=ph).
form used by Musalmns). H phn [ph =
H phpher, adj. Prk. ()=S. (), passive of
See phuphera (the usual form).
rt. ;+n = an = Prk.=S. ], v.n.
H phphr, s.f. Dissipation (of
To be broken, to be broken into; to be broken
wealth), squandering, extravagance, prodigality. down; to be dispersed, be separated, be
H phper, adj. detached; to separate; to be unpaired; to break,
See phuper, phupher (the com. form). crack, split, burst; to break out or forth; to
H ph (v.n. of phn, q.v.), s.f. sprout, shoot, bud, germinate; to burst out or
forth, to gush out, to escape (from, -se); to burst
Crack, split, break, flaw; opening, gap, breach,
out crying; to come into view, to appear, to rise,
fissure, rift; separation; cracked or broken
be spread, be diffused (as a smell, &c.); to be
vessels (of metal, or crockery);difference (of
made public, to transpire, to leak out, get wind;
opinion), misunderstanding, discord,
to boil (as water); to flourish, get preferment or
dissension, split, quarrel, feud:ph pan (-
promotion:ph-pan, v.n. (intensive), To
me), Dissension to arise or take place
break to pieces, to burst asunder, &c.:ph-
(between or among), to disagree, be divided (in
jn, v.n. intensive of, and=phn:ph-
opinion):ph ln (-me), To sow discord
rahn, v.n. To be broken; to be dispersed; to be
(between or among), to set by the ears:ph unpaired.
hon, v.n.=ph-pan.
H ph, s.f. Disagreement; disparity,
H ph [past conj. part of phn;
&c. (=ph).
and=Prk. =S. ], adv. Out; forth; H ph [Prk. =S. ], s.f.
aloud, violently, bitterly (used in comp.):
The inusk melon (=ph, q.v.).
ph-ph, adv. Idem:ph bahn, v.n. To
H
pahn, v.n. (Prov.)
start or gush forth (tears, &c.):ph
ron, ph-kar ron, ph-ph ron, v.n. To = pahon, q.v.
weep bitterly or aloud:ph nikaln, ph- H phuwa, ph`a, adj. &
ph-ke nikaln, v.n. To break out (an s.f.=phha, q.v.
eruption). H pho [Prk. ; S. ],
H ph [S. ; Prk.], adj. s.m. Boil, sore, tumour, abscess, imposthume,
Severed, separated, &c.; odd, unpaired, &c. ulcer:pho-phuns, s.m. Eruptions.

625
H phau, s.m.=ph`o, q.v. written phok,phok);phok, s.f. Hollow,
concavity; notch (of an arrow).
H phon [caus. of phn;
H phoka (see phok), s.m. A
pho = Prk. () or ()=S. () worthless thing or person; a good-for-nothing
caus. of rt. ], v.t. To break, crack, split, or despicable person; an indigent person;a
burst open, break open, break to pieces, to thing given gratis, a gratuity:phoka-k, adj.
shatter; to make manifest, to disclose, divulge, (f. -), Gratuitous, given or obtained gratis or for
betray (a secret):pho-ln, v.t. (intensive), nothing:phoka-me, adv. Gratuitously,
To break open, burst open, &c. gratis, for nothing (=sait-me)
H phon [S. ], s.f. An H phkar, s.m. A fine sensible
instrument for splitting or cleaving. young fellow.
H phs [S. ?], s.m. Old dry grass or H phoka [S. or ],
straw (esp. such as is used in thatching); s.m.=phok, q.v.
rubbish, litter; anything weak, frail, or decayed H phokal, =
(hence often conveniently rendered adjectively
H phokl, [phok, q.v.+Prk. ,
by 'weak,' 'frail,' &c.):phs-k tpn, s.m. lit.
'Warming oneself before a fire of straw'; a vain and =S. +], adj. Hollow, &c.=phok,
or useless attempt; a vain hope:phs-men q.v.
igr ln, v.n. lit. To throw a spark into H phokl, =
straw'; to excite contention or strife.
H phs, s.m. (Prov.) = ps, q.v. H phokal, [phok, q.v.+Prk. ,

H phsr, = and =S. +], adj. Hollow, &c.=phok,

q.v.
H phs, [phsa+Prk. =S. or
H phkn, v.t.=phkn, q.v.
], s.m. A rag, tatters; rubbish, litter; the shag
H phok (see phok), s.f. Soft or
or nap of cloth; the down of fruit;a little brat.
porous soil (which readily yields to the plough).
H phs, =
H phog, s.m. Dregs, &c.=phok, q.v.
H phsr, [phsa+Prk. =S. or
H phl [S. ], s.m. A flower, a
], s.m. A rag, tatters; rubbish, litter; the shag blossom;a boss, knob, stud, bunch of ribands,
or nap of cloth; the down of fruit;a little brat. rosette, cockade;the menses (of which
H phosk, s.m. A blister; a children are the blossoms):a swelling;a
swelling, intumescence; anything inflated or spark of fire; lights or fire (seen at night); the
puffed out. bones of a corpse after partial cremation;a
ceremony performed (by Musalmns) in honour
H phs, s.f. Chaff (=bhs, q.v.); of a deceased person on the third day after his
rubbish. death, when a portion of the Qor`an is recited,
H phk, s.f.=phk, q.v. and flowers are placed on trays in the midst of
the assembly);a white metal, bell-metal,
H phok [S. or ], s.m.
electrum;the white marks of leprosy;a
Dregs, sediment, feculence, lees, dross, refuse, pearl or white opaque spot in the corner of the
rubbish, trash, anything worthless (see phoka). eye (=phull);a maggot that is hatched in
H phok, adj. Four (in the language of meat or in neglected sores;a head, stick,
brokers). small quantity (as we say a head of celery,
e.g. bhang-ke do phl den);the best kind of
H phok, =
native wine:phl n, v.n. The menses to
H phok, (cf. phk and phosk), come on, to have the menses:phl uhn, v.n.
adj. Hollow, not solid; concave; empty; light; The ceremony of phl (q.v.) to be completed; to
soft;plain, simple, mere (also complete the forty days of mourning:phl-
written phok,phok);phok, s.f. Hollow, pa , s.f. A knot of ribands, rosette, cockade:
concavity; notch (of an arrow). phl pan, v.n. Sparks to fall (from a burning
H phok, = building, &c.); fire to break out:phl jhan,
v.n. To drop flowers (of rhetoric), to speak
H phok, (cf. phk and phosk), adj. eloquently;drops of burning oil to fall (from a
Hollow, not solid; concave; empty; light; lamp); sparks of fire to fall copiously (from a
soft;plain, simple, mere (also burning mass):phl ahn (par), To offer
flowers (at a shrine, &c.), to strew flowers (on a

626
tomb):phl-ol, s.m. A kind of Hind sport H phoph, s.f. A hollow reed, a
or show:phl-s, adj. (f. -) Like a flower; pipe, tube; anything perforated or hollow that
light as a flower; delicate or frail as a flower: can be blown through).
phl sgh-ke rahn, v.n. To live on the
fragrance of flowers (said of a woman who eats H ph [S. ], s.f. The musk
little):phl-kob, s.f. A cauliflower:phl- melon (=ph).
gulb, s.f. A light rose colour:phl-wl, H pahn, pahocn,
adj. & s.m. Flowering, in flower;flower- v.n.=pahun, q.v.
man:phlo-k gahn, s.m. Wreath or
H phs, s.m. (prov.)=ps, q.v.
garland of flowers; a delicate, fragile, or frail
person or thing:phlo-me tuln, v.n. To H phs, s.m.=phs, q.v.
live in luxury. H phs, s.m.=phs, q.v.
H phl [perf. part. of phln;
H phk (v.n. of phkn, q.v.), s.f.
and=Prk. ; S. +, rt. ; The act of blowing; blowing, or blowing up
and +], part. adj. (f. -), Swollen, (fire, &c.);breath, breath of air; blow, puff,
swelled, puffed up or out;blossomed, whiff, blast:phk nikal-jn, v.n. To be out
flowered, having flowers:phl-phal, adj. of breath, the breath to escape, to expire.
Blooming, flourishing:phl na samn, v.n. H phok, adj. & s.f. Hollow, &c.
To be unable to contain oneself (from delight), (=phok).
to be overjoyed, to exult.
H ph-kr, phokr, s.f.
H phol [S. +], s.m. A blister
See s.v. ph.
(=phaphol);a skein of cotton, &c.
H phkn [phk =
H phl`o,
Prk. () or (), fr.
s.m.=phul`o; phulwa; qq.v.
H phl-jha, s.f. S. + ;+n = an = Prk. =S. ],
See phuljha (the proper form). v.t. To blow, blow on (with the breath); to puff;
to blow (a wind instrument); to blow up (fire,
H phl-kob, s.f. See s.v. phl; &c.); to set on fire, inflame, kindle; to blow or
& cf. kob. breathe a charm or incantation:phk-den,
H phln [phl = v.t. (intensive), To blow away; to waste,
squander, run through (wealth, &c.); to blow up
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. ;
(fire), to set fire to, to kindle, inflame; to grieve,
also (), rt. , adopted fr. the Prk.], afflict, distress, torment;to puff up, to flatter;
v.n. To blossom, blow, flower; to bloom, to breathe (into one's ear), to influence (one
flourish, to be in health and spirits;to swell, against another); to spread abroad (a report,
be inflated, be puffed out; to swell out, to &c.):phk-phk-ke pw dharn, v.n. To
expand (with joy), to be pleased; to be puffed tread or walk carefully; to act or proceed
up (with pride, &c.); to be big with child: carefully or cautiously.
phl-baihn, v.n. To expand with delight, be H phnag, s.f.=phunag (the
pleased or glad:phl-pan, v.n. (intensive), proper form).
To swell out, &c.:phl-jn, v.n. To swell,
H phwr =
&c.=phln.
H phlw, s.f.=phulw (the H phhr, phohr, =
proper form). H phh = H ph` s.f.
H phl, s.f.=phull, q.v. Small rain, &c.=phu`r, q.v.
H phlel, s.m.=phulel (the proper H phhr, phohr, =
form). H phwr =
H ph [S. ], s.f. Hissing, hiss (of a H phh = H ph` s.f.
snake); snuffing (of a dog, &c.); snorting, snort Small rain, &c.=phu`r, q.v.
(of a horse):ph-ph karn, v.n. To sniff; H phh =
to snort;to fret and fume, to rage:ph-kr,
s.f.=ph, q.v.:ph-krn, v.n. To hiss; to H phwr =
sniff; to snort. H phhr, phohr, =
H phon, v.t. (local), To unfasten,
untie, undo.

627
H ph` s.f. Small rain, &c.=phu`r, (=phu`r, q.v.);mildew, mould
q.v. (=phaphd).
H ph` = H phwr = H ph`, = H phh, =
H phhr, phohr, = H ph`, s.f. Small rain, drizzle
(=phu`r, q.v.);mildew, mould
H phh s.f. Small rain, (=phaphd).
&c.=phu`r, q.v. H phoy, s.m.=phh or phoh, q.v.
H phyr, s.m. A jet-
H phuhr, s.f.=phu`r; ph`, qq.v.
d`eau=phu`r, q.v.
H phh, phoh, s.m. A flock of H phahrn (caus. of next), v.t.
cotton, &c. (=phh); a fictitious teat or pap (of To cause (a flag) to wave or fly; to wave, to fly,
cotton, &c.), by which milk is given to a young to flap (a flag).
animal when unable to suck the mother. H phaharn [phahar, akin to
H phhr, s.f.=phu`r or phuwr, S. ] , v.n. To fly (as a flag), to wave, flutter
q.v. (=pharrn, q.v.).
H phhar, adj. &c.; see next. H phuha`, s.f.=phha`, q.v.
H phha, adj. & s.f. Unlettered, H pahiy [Prk. or =S.
uneducated, undisciplined, rude; stupid, foolish; ], s.m. Wheel (of a carriage, machine,
shameless; obscene; slatternly, slovenly;a
sloven, slattern, a bad housewife; a silly &c.).
woman; a foolish person, a fool; a shameless H phep, s.m.=pheph, q.v
woman. H phep (see pap), s.f. Dryness
H phha, phh, adj. & s.m. or parchedness of the lips; scales on the lips.
Rude; foolish; obscene; talking obscenely; H phephr, s.m.=next, q.v.
one given to obscene talk.
H pheph [S. +Prk. ;
H phha`, s.f. =
S. or ], s.m. The lungs, lights.
H phhapan, s.m. =
H phepha, pheph, s.f. Inability
H phhapan,
to walk, move, or stir (cf. phep).
s.m. Awkwardness, rudeness, slovenliness,
untidiness, stupidity, folly, foolishness, H phe, s.f.=phe, q.v.
silliness; shamelessness; obscenity, scurrility. H phe, s.m.=phe, q.v.
H phhapan, s.m. =
H phen, v.t.=phen, q.v.
H phha`, s.f. =
H pahenn v.t.
H phhapan, (prov.)=pahnn, q.v.
s.m. Awkwardness, rudeness, slovenliness, H pher, (prov.) pheri (v.n.
untidiness, stupidity, folly, foolishness,
of phern, q.v.), s.m. Turning, twisting; turn,
silliness; shamelessness; obscenity, scurrility.
twist, coil, fold, bend, curvature, winding,
H phhapan, s.m. = meander, maze; crookedness, obliquity; return;
H phha`, s.f. = circumference, round, circuitousness, distance
round; equivocation, ambiguity; change;
H phhapan, variation; difference; discrepancy, deficiency;
s.m. Awkwardness, rudeness, slovenliness, loss, damage; alternation, revolution,
untidiness, stupidity, folly, foolishness, vicissitude; reverse, misfortune; difficulty,
silliness; shamelessness; obscenity, scurrility. perplexity, straits, dilemma:pher-badal,
H phh, = H ph`, = adv. Vice vers; mutatis mutandis:pher
bandhn orbandh-jn (-k), To occur
H ph`, s.f. Small rain, drizzle
periodically:pher-bo, s.f. The paunch and
(=phu`r, q.v.);mildew, mould abdomen:pher pan, v.n. To be round about
(=phaphd). or circuitous;a difference or discrepancy to
H ph`, = H phh, = arise, to differ, to be discrepant or deficient:
pher-phr, s.m. (intensive and frequentative
H ph`, s.f. Small rain, drizzle
of pher), Constant or repeated change; frequent
turns or windings, &c.; alternations,

628
vicissitudes;adj. Alternate;pher-phr backwards and forwards; to bring (one round)
karn, v.n. To alternate, &c.:pher khn, v.n. or over (to one's side, k taraf).
To wind (as a river, road, &c.), to meander; to S pherav, adj. & s.m. Fraudulent,
go a roundabout way, to make a circuit; to
cratty; malicious, noxious, injurious;a rogue,
experience a reverse of fortune, to meet with
a cheat; a jackal; a rkshas, a demon.
difficulties:pher-me n, or pher-me
pan (-ke), To fall into the whirl or rotation S pheru, s.m. A jackal.
(of); to fall into straits or difficulties, be H pher [pher,
involved in misfortune:pher-me ln, v.t.
q.v.+Prk. =S. ], s.f. Going round;
To involve (one) in difficulties, place one in a
dilemma or straits; to throw obstacles in the circumambulation (round
way (of another); to mislead. anobject=pradakshi; parikram); circuit,
round; hawking; the rounds of a pedlar, or of a
H pher, adv. Again; back, &c.=phir,
wandering mendicant; the profession of a
q.v. wandering beggar, mendicancy;slice or cut
H pher [phera = pher, round, joint of a sugar-cane, &c.);shift,
q.v.+Prk. =S. ], s.m. Turning; round, artifice, trick, subtlety, finesse:pher phirn,
v.n.=pher karn, q.v.:pher-dr, s.m. A
circuit; perambulation; walking (of the bride vagabond, vagrant:pher karn, v.n. To go
and bridegroom) round (the sacred fire); round hawking, to hawk; to go round
returning, return; alternating, alternation;a begging:pher-wl, s.m. A hawker, pedlar
roll;a wooden frame with which lime, sand,
(=bist; phay).
&c. is measured (so called from its
being passed over the lime, &c.):pher- H phk [S. ?], s.f. The lash of
phr, pher-pher, s.f. Frequent change, &c. a whip; the point of a scourge.
(=pher-phr); change, exchange, interchange; H phk [S. ], adj. (f. -),
returning, alternating, alternation; walking Sallow, pale, wan, faded, dim, dull, faint, light
backwards and forwards; going and coming (of colour); tasteless, vapid, insipid (as food
repeatedly, visiting, visits:phere ln (-ke), without salt, &c.); weak, watery, thin, poor, flat,
To lead (a bride) round (the sacred fire), to jejune: dull, cheerless.
marry, give in marriage:phere hon orphere
H phekn, v.t. See phekn (the
pan (-ke), To be led round (the sacred fire), to
be married. proper form).
H phern, v.t.=phirn (the H pahel (prov.), adv.=pahle; and
correct form). s.f.=pahel, qq.v.
H phern [pher = Prk. () S phel, s.m.; pheli (cf. phailn),
s.f. Remnants of food, leavings of a meal,
or ()=S. (), rt. with ], v.t. To
droppings from the mouth; refuse, orts.
turn, twist, bend; to turn round, whirl, twirl; to
H phailn [caus. of phailn;
turn back, turn away, reject, send back; to
return, give back, restore, refund; to turn one phail = phail+ = w =
(from, or against, -k taraf-se); to bring or draw Prk. or =S. caus. increment], v.t.
one (over to one's side, -k taraf); to turn over, To stretch, stretch out, extend, expand; to open
invert, reverse, turn inside out; to alter, change; wide, distend, dilate; to enlarge, increase; to
to turn aside, ward off, avert; to go over again, lengthen, draw out, deploy; to spread, spread
repeat, revise; to move (the hand) backwards out; to scatter, strew; to diffuse, spread abroad,
and for wards (over), pass (the hand, &c. over, - publish, proclaim, propagate; to spread over, to
par), to feel, to stroke, fondle, caress (the distribute, apportion; to work out (a sum), to
word hth being expressed, e.g. us-par hth compute, calculate.
phero); to pass (a brush, colour, &c. over, -par), H phail`o, s.m. =
to colour, whitewash, plaster (rang, &c. being
expressed, e.g. us-par rang phero); to make (a H phailw, s.m. =
horse, &c.) walk backwards and forwards;to H phailwa, s.f. [phail, rt.
practise evasion, to double, shift, shuffle; to
pervert, distort, or torture (another's words); to of phailn+Prk. +;=S. ++
contradict (oneself):pher den (intens. ], Spreading, spreading out; extension,
of phern), v.t. To return, restore, refund; to expansion, distension, enlargement, increase,
send back, &c.:pher-len, v.t. To take back; growth; extent, length, breadth; spread,
to withdraw; to reclaim; to walk (a horse, &c.) diffusion, publication, propagation; display;
abundance, plenty, profusion; prolixity;

629
distribution, apportionment;working (of a S phenat, s.f. Frothiness,
sum), calculation, computation.
foaminess; vapour.
H phailw, s.m. =
H phe, phai [S. ?], s.f.
H phail`o, s.m. = Waist-band, belt, fob; the waist (when
H phailwa, s.f. [phail, rt. belted):phe bdhn (-par), To gird up the
loins (for), to get ready (for), to resolve (on).
of phailn+Prk. +;=S. ++
H phe, s.m. A waist-band (without
], Spreading, spreading out; extension,
expansion, distension, enlargement, increase, a fringe); a small turban.
growth; extent, length, breadth; spread, H phen (see phailn), v.t. To
diffusion, publication, propagation; display; mix by trituration; to beat up or whip (eggs,
abundance, plenty, profusion; prolixity; &c.); to beat up into froth.
distribution, apportionment;working (of a H phe (dim. of phe or phe,
sum), calculation, computation.
q.v.), s.f. A skein (of thread, &c.;=a; ,
H phailwa, s.f. = q.v.).
H phail`o, s.m. = H phn (see pn), v.t. To
H phailw, s.m. [phail, rt. squeeze; to wring out; to rinse, to wash:
ph-ln, v.t. Intensive of, and=phn.
of phailn+Prk. +;=S. ++
H phenus [S. ], s.m. The milk
], Spreading, spreading out; extension,
expansion, distension, enlargement, increase, of a cow, &c. for some days after calving,
growth; extent, length, breadth; spread, biestings.
diffusion, publication, propagation; display; H phek (v.n. of phekn, q.v.), s.f.
abundance, plenty, profusion; prolixity; Throw, cast, fling; a handful of money, &c.
distribution, apportionment;working (of a scattered or thrown to be scrambled for
sum), calculation, computation. (syn. bakher; nihwar).
S phelik, s.f.=phel, q.v. S phenak, s.m. Cuttle-fish bone.
H phailn [phail = H phk, adj.=phk, q.v.
Prk. ()=() or ()=S. (), S phenak, s.f. The soap-berry.
rt. and (), rt. adopted fr. Prk], H phek`, phek`o, [rt.
v.n. To be spread, be expanded, be dilated; to of phekn+`u or a`o =Prk. =S.
be diffused, be scattered, be dispersed; to
spread, expand, extend, stretch or reach out; to ()+], adj. Requiring to be thrown; fit to
grow, increase (in size, &c.); to spread abroad, be thrown away.
become public; to rise in one's demands or H phekn,
requirements, be exacting; to become pressing,
to insist, persist:phail-jn, v.n. Intensive of, prov. phkn [phek = Prk. ()
and=phailn. or ()=S. (), future of + ], v.t. To
H pahel [S. ], s.f. A riddle, throw, fling, cast, hurl, pitch; to dart; to let fly
enigma. (a hawk, &c. at game); to set (a horse) off at
S phen, = H phen, s.m. Froth, full speed, to gallop; to ride full tilt (at, -par); to
shed, spill, pour out; to brandish, flourish (a
foam, scum:- phen-vn, phen-want, adj.
stick or cudgel); to throw away, squander, &c.
Frothing, foaming; frothy, foamy.
(in these senses the more common form
H phen, = S phen, s.m. Froth, is phek-den):phek-den, v.t. (intensive
foam, scum:- phen-vn, phen-want, adj. of phekn), To throw away, fling away; to
Frothing, foaming; frothy, foamy. waste, squander, lavish; to slight, disregard,
H phenn, v.n. To foam, froth make light of; to fly (a hawk after, -par, game);
(=phinn, q.v.). to ride (a horse) full tilt (at, -par).
S phenya-mn, adj. Foamy, H phekwn,
&c. (=phenil, q.v.). v.t.=phikwn, phikwn, q.v.
H phepn, s.m. Mucus of the nose H phekait [rt. of phek-n+`it =
(=po). Prk. or or = or
=S. , the term. of the pres. part. with

630
the caus. increment ], s.m. Thrower, track, get scent (of), obtain a clue (to); to find
out, discover; to comprehend.
flinger, &c.; a cudgel-player, a fencer.
H pay, pai, s.f. Fault, defect, blemish,
S phenal, adj. Frothy, &c.=phenil,
vice.
q.v.
H piy [S. +], adj. & s.m.
S phenil, adj. & s.m. Frothy, foamy,
Beloved, dear;dear one, husband; sweetheart,
spumous;the soap-plant, Sapindus
lover (=p; pi`).
detergens;the plant Zizyphus jujuba, and its
fruit;the fruit of theVangueria spinosa. H piy (perf. part. of pn), part. adj.
H pahenn, v.t. (prov.)=pahinn, Drunken drunk.
q.v. H paiy, s.m. A wheel (=pahiy, q.v.).
H phen (from phen), adj. & s.f. H piy-bs, s.m. A variety
Frothy, &c.=phenil, q.v.;a kind of sweetmeat. of the pek-bs or common bamboo; a plant
H p, piya [S. ], adj. & from which a red colour is obtained (=bs).
s.m.=piy, q.v. P piyda (S. ), s.m. One on foot,
P p, s.f. Fat, &c.=ph, q.v. footman; foot-soldier; a peon; a pawn (at
H pe, pai [Prk. or , or ; chess):piyda-p (or p-piyda),
vulg. piyde, payde, adv. On foot, afoot
S. ; and ], postposn. and conj. On, upon,
(=paidal; pairo):piyda-p`, s.f. The being
&c.=par, q.v. on foot; travelling on foot:piyda-e-mail,
H paya, pay, pai [Prk. =S. ], s.m. A peon placed over defaulters (at their
s.m. Milk, water, juice, anything to drink: charge) to compel them to pay up arrears.
paya-da, payad, adj. & s.m. Yielding milk or H payr, s.m. A species of grass (used
water;the female breast or nipple; a cloud: for thatching, &c.=payl, q.v.);metre, a
paya- (or pay-) nidh, s.m. (Myth.) The ocean of measure of verse consisting of two lines.
milk; the ocean (=payo-nidh, q.v.s.v payas).
H piyr, pyr [S. +],
P pai [contrac. of p`e, or S. ], s.m. The
s.m.f.(?) Love, affection, fondness, attachment,
foot; footstep; track, trace, mark, vestige; friendship;a kiss (from a child):pyr
pursuit;nerve, tendon, sinew;adv. In the rakhn (-k), To entertain or have affection
footsteps (of, -ke), in the track (of), in pursuit (for):pyr karn (-k; -ko), To love, to
(of), following; after, behind (=phe); by fondle, caress.
reason (of), on account (of), therefore:pai--
H piyr, pyr [piyr+S. ],
pai, pai-ba-pai, pai-dar-pai, adv. Step by step;
one after another, in succession, successively, adj. & s.m. (f. -), Beloved, precious, dear,
consecutively; repeatedly, continuously, darling; pleasing, agreeable, charming, lovable,
incessantly:pai n, v.n. To have a splint (a winning;love, darling, sweetheart, pet,
horse):pai-na, s.m. A privy; cesspool; favourite:piyr jnn (-ko), v.t. To hold
filth, dirt (=p`e na, q.v.):pai-rav, pai- dear, to esteem:piyr lagn (-ko), v.n. To
rau (see rav or rau) adj. & s.m. Following; seem dear or precious (to), to be held or
follower:attendant; follower or member of a esteemed dear.
religious sect; votary; sectarian:pai-rav, s.f. P piyz, s.f. Onion; leek.
Following, going after; pursuit; prosecution; P piyz, adj. Of or resembling an onion;
effort, exertion, endeavour; following the of the flavour or colour of an onion:piyz
example (of), imitation; adherence; observance, rang, s.m. Onion colour; a reddish colour,
compliance; hunting (after), search, quest, crimson.
investigation; consequence; precedent: H piys, pys [Prk. or
pairav karn (-k), To go after, follow, pursue, =S. ], s.f. Desire to drink, thirst;
trace, track, seek, hunt (for); to prosecute,
conduct (a suit, &c.); to continue, persevere (in unnatural sensation of thirst (a disorder); desire,
a course); to follow the example (of), to imitate; longing, craving:pys bujhn (k; or apn),
to observe, comply (with):pai karn(-k), To To quench thirst:pys lagn, v.n. To be
follow, pursue; to be importunate; to persecute, thirsty:pys mrn, v.n. To bear up against
thirst, to endure thirst:pys marn, v.n. The
&c. (=ph karn, q.v.):pai-ka, pai-kah,
desire to drink to pass away, to lose the
s.m. pai-ka, s.f. Iron chains (for the legs of
sensation of thirst.
convicts), fetters;-ornamental rings worn on the
ankles, anklets:pai le-jn (-par), To trace, H piys, pys [the
preceding+Prk. =S. ], adj. (f. -), Thirsty,

631
athirst, dry; thirsting (for, -k), desiring H pp [Port. pipa], s.m. A cask, barrel,
exceedingly, longing (for):piys
pipe butt.
marn, piyse marn, v.n. To be dying of thirst;
to be very thirsty. H ppar, s.m. (dialec.)=ppal, q.v.
H piys, pys, s.f. A H pp [S. ], s.m. A large
species of nsh. black ant.
H payl [Prk. ?; S. ], s.f.H pp (dim. of pp), s.f. The
Straw; long grass (used for thatching). small red ant.
H ppal [S. ], s.m. The holy
S piyl, s.f. The fruit of the Chironjia
sapida, or Buchanania latifolia (syn. iroj).fig-tree, Ficus religiosa.
H ppal [S. ], s.f. Long
P piyla, s.m. A drinking vessel, a
cup, glass; a tea-cup;the fire-pan or priming-pepper, Piper longum (both plant and berry).
pan (of a musket); a funeral rite of H ppl, adj. Of the ppal; or of the
Mohammedan mendicants:piyla long pepper plant:ppl-mr, ppl-
bharn or bhar-jn = piyla pr hon (-k), ml, ppl-m, s.m. The root of the long
The cup (of one's life) to be full, one's days to
pepper plant.
be numbered; to be puffed up with pride (cf. the
proverb 'Pride goeth before a fall'):piyla H ppl [S. +], s.m. The
pn (k), To quaff the cup (of); to imbibe thechief or striking part of a sword (about a span
doctrines, or become the disciple (of):piyla-from the point), the end or point of a sword; the
niwla, s.m. Food and drink (in the language ofmetallic tip of a sheath.
debauchees):piyla hon, v.n. To die (in the H ppal, ppl, s.f. The
language of Mohammadan mendicants). female ppal tree; the fruit of the ppal or holy
P H piyl (dim. of piyla), s.f. A
fig-tree.
small cup or glass. H pt, pti [S. ], s.f. Love,
P paym, s.m.=paigm, q.v.:paym-bar, affection, &c.=prti and pyr, qq.v.
s.m.=paigm-bar; paigam-bar, q.v. S pt, adj. & s.m. Yellow;yellow
H payn, paiyn [S. ], colour:ptmbar (ta+am), adj. & s.m.
s.m. Going forth, going to a distance, setting Dressed in yellow clothes;a name
out, departure; death:payn karn, v.n. To go of Krishna or Vishu;silk cloth of a yellow
forth or away, to set out, to depart. colour; (vulg.) a silk cloth;a dancer, an actor;
H payn, s.m. contrac. of pyn, q.v. a religious mendicant wearing yellow
H payn, s.m.=payn, q.v. garments:pt-pd, s.f. lit. 'Yellow-legged'; a
H piyn (caus. of pn), v.t. To small bird, the Maina,Turdus salica:pt-pa,
s.m.=ptmbar, q.v.:pt-par, s.f. lit.
cause to drink, to give to drink (=piln); to
'Yellow-leaved'; the plant commonly
water, irrigate.
called bihati; a kind of nettle, Tragia
H paynak [S. ], adj. & involucrata:pt-pushp, s.m. The
s.m. Pertaining to departure or setting out; plant Barleria prionitis; the tree Michelia
going; journey, march. champaka; a species of Tabernmontana
H piy`on, v.t.=piyn, q.v. coronaria; a species of Karikra:pt-pushp,
s.f.Andropogon acicularis; a species
H pb [S. ?], s.f. Pus, matter, of Barleria with yellow flowers:pt-phal,
purulent discharge (from a sore, &c.):pb s.m. The tree Trophis aspera; Averrhoa
pan (-me), To become mattery, to suppurate. carambola:pt-tun, s.m. lit. 'Yellow beak';
H pbiyn, v.n. = the tailor-bird, Sylvia sutoria:pt-andan,
s.m. A yellow fragrant wood (considered as a
H pbiyha, yellow species of sandal wood):pt-dru, s.m.
s.f. See pibiyn and pibiyha the correct A species of pine, Pinus deodora; Pinus
forms). longifolia:pt-ras, s.m. Turmeric, curcuma:
H pbiyha, s.f. = pt rakt, s.m. A yellow gem, a topaz:pt-sr,
s.m. A yellow gem, a topaz;the sandal tree;
H pbiyn,
the tree Alangium hexapetalum:pt-sphaik,
v.n. See pibiyn and pibiyha the correct s.m. 'Yellow crystal'; the topaz:pt-l, s.m.
forms). The plant Terminalia tomentosa:pt-kshh,
H pp, s.f.=pb, q.v. s.m. Yellow sanders:pt-kadal, s.f. A species
of banana or plantain:pt-kand, s.m. The

632
carrot, Daucus carota:pt-ghosh, s.f. A rth, pe-rth, adj. & s.m. Desirous for the
species of creeper with yellow flowers:pt- stomach; greedy, gluttonous; epicurean;a
loh, s.m. Yellow metal, brass; queen's metal, or glutton; an epicure:pe n, v.n. To be
a mixed metal resembling gold:pt-mastak, purged:pe bdhn, v.n. To eat less than the
s.m. lit. 'Yellow-head'; the small bird Loxia appetite demands, to stint oneself of food:pe
philippensis:pt-mai, s.m. A yellow gem, a bahn, v.n. To eat voraciously;to encroach
topaz:pt-mu, s.m. 'Yellow-head'; the on the share or rights of another:pe boln,
bird Loxia philippensis (=pt-mastak); a kind of v.n. The stomach to rumble; to suffer from
gallinule:pt-var, adj. & s.m. Yellow; borborygm:pe-bha, adv. A bellyful:pe-
yellow colour:pt-yth, s.f. Yellow bhar, adj. (f. -), Having the stomach full;
jasmine, Jasminum chrysanthemum. satisfied;rich, wealthy, well off, independent;
H paitn, s.m.=paitn, q.v. consequential, proud, conceited:pe-bhar`,
S ptat, s.f. Yellowness; the colour adj. & s.m. Enough to fill the stomach; a
bellyful:pe bharn, v.n. To fill the belly; to
yellow.
be satisfied; to be surfeited:pe pln, v.n. To
H paitar, s.m.=paitar, q.v. pamper the stomach; to be selfish;to contrive
S paitrik, adj. Of or belonging to to live decently; to live from hand to mouth:
ancestors, or progenitors, or to the manes; pe-pl, adj. & s.m. Gluttonous, greedy,
paternal, ancestral, inherited from a father, selfish;a glutton; a selfish person:pe pn
hereditary:paitrik-bhmi, s.f. A paternal hon, v.n. To have loose bowels; to be violently
estate; the country of one's ancestors, purged; to have watery stools;to be white-
fatherland. livered, be frightened; to be confounded:pe
pakakar bhgn, v.n. lit. 'To hold the stomach
H ptas (a contrac. of pitiy-ss; or
and run'; to fly in great agitation or distress:
S. +), s.f. The wife of a father-in- pe pake phirn, v.n. lit. 'To walk about
law's brother. holding the stomach'; to wander about in a state
S ptasr (contrac. of pitiy-sasur; of agitation or distraction, to be distracted:pe
pakn, v.n. To burst with laughter:pe-
S. + ), s.m. Father-in-law's brother. pos, pe-pos`, adj. & s.m. Gluttonous,
S paittik, adj. Of a bilious greedy; a glutton (=pe-rthu; pe-pl):pe-
temperament, bilious; biliary. pohan, pe-pohan, pe-poan, s.m. A
H ptal [S. ], s.m. Brass; bronze. woman's last child:pe phn, v.n. To rend
or tear the bowels;to be impatient:pe
S ptal, adj. & s.m. Yellow;the phan, v.n. The belly to burst;to be
colour yellow;brass. impatient; to be bursting with envy, &c.:pe
H ptala, vulg. ptl, adj. (f. -), Of phln, v.n. The belly to swell; to be in the
brass, brazen. family way; to be bursting (with laughter,
&c.):pe pn, v.n. To beat the belly; to cry
H paital [S. ++], adj. (f. -
out with hunger;to evince great
), Shallow. impatience:pe-ph (or pe-pih) batn, v.n.
H ptam [S. +, superl. To evince extreme weakness or want; to act
of priya], adj. & s.m. Most beloved; best submissively:pe ph (or pe pih) ek hon,
beloved;lover; husband (=prtam, q.v.). v.n. lit. 'The belly and back to meet'; to be very
S ptan, s.m. The hog-plum, Spondias emaciated:pe jr hon, pe jhan, pe
aln, pe hn, v.n. To be purged; to have a
mangifera;the tree Pentaptera tomentosa;
the waved-leaf fig-tree, Ficus infectoria; diarrha or flux (=pe pn hon):pe
yellow orpiment;saffron. dikhn, v.n. lit. 'To shew the belly'; to
complain of poverty and hunger; to beg for
S paitta, adj. (f. -), Pertaining to the
food:pe ln, v.n. To procure abortion;
bilious humour; proceeding from bile; bilious. bring on a miscarriage:pe rakhn, v.t. To
H p, s.f.=ph, q.v. get with child, cause to be pregnant:pe
S pe (rt. ), s.m. lit. 'Basket; bag'; the rahn, v.n. To conceive, be pregnant:pe-se,
adj. Pregnant (as a woman):pe-se bdhn,
belly, stomach;the womb; pregnancy;inner
or hidden part, inside; cavity; capacity; volume; v.t. To bind (food, &c.) to the belly:pe-se
bore (of a gun, &c.);appetite, hunger; p`o bhar nikln, v.n. One's teeth or claws
greediness; (fig.) livelihood, living:pe-rth, to become visible; to shew one's claws;to go
adv. For the sake of the stomach:pe- beyond bounds:pe-se pa bdhn, pe-se
bdhn, pe-se k-k ro bdhn, v.n.

633
To bind a tight bandage, or a brick, or a cake- hon, v.n. To have an old head on young
shaped board, to the stomach to withstand the shoulders:pe-me rakhn (-ko), To stow
craving of hunger:pe-se hon, v.n. To be away in the stomach; to keep (a matter) secret,
pregnant:pe-k pn na hiln, v.n. To be or to oneself; to keep back; to suppress:pe-
carried (in a conveyance), or to ride, without me ghusn (-ke) =pe-me paihn, q.v.:
being jolted:pe-k parda, s.m. The pe-me len, v.t. To gulp down; to endure, to
omentum:pe kn (-k), To starve or pinch have patience:pe-wl, adj. f. Pregnant
(oneself); to deprive (one) of dues, livelihood, (woman):pe haban, v.n. To have a
&c.; to stop the wages (of); to reduce the griping pain in the stomach, to have an
allowance or stipend (of);pe-k , adj. inclination to stool.
Starving, famished, famine-stricken:pe-k H pe [S. ], s.m. Belly; round,
dukh den, v.t. To starve:pe-k dukhiy, s.m. girth; breadth, width, diameter, distance across;
One subject to pain in the stomach (from over- slackness or curvature (of a string or rope hung
feeding);a destitute or starved person, a poor loosely between two points); the middle (of a
wretch;a wretch who will do anything for the page); the channel (of a river); a round or total
sake of his stomach:pe-k sur, pe-k kutt, sum;adv. In round numbers, about.
adj. As a hog, or a dog, in respect of (his)
S pe, s.f. A basket; a large basket.
stomach; greedy as a hog, &c.:pe-k kap,
s.m. A sly, close knave:pe-k mar, s.m. H per, s.m. See pir.
One who works for bare subsistence; a hireling, H perth [S. + ], adj. &
mercenary:pe-k halk, adj. (f. -), Light of
stomach; light, frivolous; gossiping, babbling; s.m. See s.v. pe.
unable to keep a secret:pe-k g, s.f. Fire of S peak, s.m. A covered wicker-basket
the stomach; hunger;maternal affection: for holding clothes, books, &c.;a multitude.
pe-k g bjhn, v.n. To appease hunger; H peuk, adj. & s.m.=pe, q.v.
pe-k angr, s.f. Violent craving of the stomach
S peik, s.f. A box.
(for food);violent emotion:pe-k bte,
s.f. Close or bosom secrets:pe-k mr, s.f. H peal [S. +], adj. Big-bellied,
Starvation, want of food:pe-ke p`o bhar gorbellied.
nikln = pe-se p`o bhar nikln, q.v.: H pn [p = Prk. ()
pe-ke wste, adv. For the sake of the stomach;
for food:pe girn (-k), To cause or or (), fr. S. , perf. part. pass. fr.
procure abortion (=pe aln):pe girn, v.n. rt. +n = an = Prk. =S.], v.t. To
To miscarry (a woman);s.m. Miscarriage: beat, thrash, thump, strike, knock, dash; to
pe gubun,pe gugurn, v.n. To have a punish, chastise; to thresh; to comminute; to
rumbling of the stomach (=pe boln, q.v.): pound; to beat the breast (usually with the
pe lag-jn or rahn, v.n. The stomach to sink word ht, as ht pn; hence) to mourn, to
in from want of food; to be starving with weep and wail; to toil hard, drudge, slave:p-
hunger:pe mrn (apn), To subdue (one's) ln, v.t. (intensive), To beat or thrash
appetite or hunger; to mortify (oneself); to stab soundly; to give (a thing) a good dusting:p-
(oneself) in the belly;to screen, cloak, hide, len, v.t. To scrape together or to earn (with
excuse (a child from maternal affection):pe- difficulty).
mar, s.f. A woman who works for her daily H pn, s.m. (see the verb), Fighting
bread; a woman who prostitutes herself for
and quarrelling, broil;weeping and wailing,
bread or for money; a prostitute, a harlot:pe
loud lamenting.
malwn, v.n. To have the stomach rubbed:
pe masosn (-k) = pe kn, q.v.:pe-me H peun, s.f. A pregnant woman.
bal pan, v.n. To have a twisting pain in the H pe [pe, q.v.+ = Prk. =S.
stomach (from excessive laughter, &c.):pe-
()+], adj. & s.m. Gluttonous, voracious;
me bt rakhn, v.n. To keep a thing, &c. to
oneself;pe-me pn hon, v.n.=pe pn a glutton, gourmand.
hon, q.v.:pe-me p`o hon, v.n. To be H peokh, peaukh [S.
very sly; to entertain evil designs:pe-me ++], s.m. Looseness of the bowels,
pan, v.n. To get into the stomach (of, -ke); purging, flux, diarrha.
to pass the lips (of);to conceive:pe-me
H ph [Prk. ; S. (Vedic )],
paihn (-ke), To worm oneself into the secrets
(of); to worm oneself into the good graces (of); s.f. The back; the loins; the back part (of
to become intimate (with):pe-me dh anything);backing, support, aid:ph-par

634
hth phern (-ke), To stroke or pat on the back, to thrust (in, -me), force (in); to run (in), to
to encourage:ph-par hon (-ke), To be or introduce (into); to insinuate.
stand at the back (of); to back, support, aid: H paihn (caus. of paihn),
ph phern, v.n. To turn the back, to depart,
v.t.=paihln, q.v.
leave, withdraw; to take to flight, to fly:ph-
phe, adv. Behind the back (of, -ke); in the H paih`o [rt. of paih-n+`o =
absence (of):p-phe (bt) kahn (-ke), To Prk. =S. ()+], s.m. Penetration,
say (a thing) behind (one's) back, to backbite: entrance, entering, access, admission.
ph ton (-k), To break the back (of); to H paithn [paih =
discourage, dishearten:ph hokn (-k), To
pat on the back; to animate, encourage:ph Prk. =S. perf. part. pass.
rp`-se lag-jn, v.n. To be bedridden: of + ;+n = an = Prk. =S. ],
ph den, v.n. To turn the back, to turn tail, run
v.n. To enter (into, -me), run or rush (in); to
away, flee; to turn from, shrink from; to veer:
penetrate (into); to force an entry (into); to
ph dikhn, v.n. To show the back; to run
pervade; to intrude; to infiltrate:paih-jn (-
away, &c. (=ph den); to depart, go away, set ke andar), v.n. (intensive) To run or rush (into),
out (on a journey):ph-ke phe pan (-ke), &c.=paihn:paihne den, v.t. To allow
To hide behind the back (of), to take refuge or (one) to enter, to give entrance (to), to admit:
shelter:ph-ke phe l-len (-ko), To paihne-wl, s.m. One who enters, one who
shelter, screen, protect, defend:pih forces himself (in), an intruder;a diver; a man
lagna (zamin-se), To bring (an antagonist's) who cleans out wells.
back (to the ground), to throw down (an
adversary) in wrestling; to overcome, render H phaut, s.m. Page of a book
powerless;to gall the back (of a beast):ph (ph, q.v.).
lagn, v.n. The back (of a beast) to be galled H ph [S. ], s.f. Pulse steeped
(by the saddle, &c.), to have asore back;to in water and then peeled and ground (=pih).
mount or back (a horse):ph-mull, s.m. The
H phiy [ph,
back-piece (in a native coat):ph mon, v.n.
To turn the back, &c.=ph phern and ph q.v.+Prk. =S. ], s.f. The back (=ph):
den. phiy-hok, adv. Rammed or beaten down
S pha, vulg. ph, s.m. A stool, seat, close; closely, tightly.
chair, bench (=ph); the seat of a deity; an H pehiy, s.f. dim. of, and=peh,
altar; basis, basement, pedestal;a kind of q.v.
ornament;(in Geom.) the complement of a H pe [S. +], s.f. Belly-band,
segment.
girth, belt; portmanteau; box, tumbrel, casket;
H paih (see paih-n), s.f. Entrance, bundle, case (of things); the thorax, chest:pe
entry, ingress, admission; penetration; lan, pe mrn(-se), To have sexual
impregnation; infiltration;duplicate of a bill intercourse (with).
of exchange. H peiy [S. +], s.m. Daily
H ph [S. ], s.m. A kind of food, daily allowance, board; allowance,
sweetmeat made of rice-flour and cocoa-nut and pension.
sugar. H paij [S. ], s.f. Solemn
H peh [S. , or ], s.m. A
declaration, agreement, engagement, promise,
kind of gourd; a kind of sweetmeat, slices of the vow;vowed or sworn hostility or enmity:
gourd candied. paij karn, v.n. To make a promise, or vow,
H paihrn, = &c.
H paihln, (caus. H paij, s.f. (Old H.)=paih, q.v.
of paihn; r or l being the caus. increment), H pai-jan, s.f. = H paijn,
v.t. To cause to penetrate; to cause to pervade; s.m. =paijan, q.v.
to thrust (in, -me), force (in); to run (in), to H paijn, s.m. = H pai-jan,
introduce (into); to insinuate.
s.f. =paijan, q.v.
H paihln, =
H paijn, v.n.=paij karn,
H paihrn, (caus.
q.v.s.v. paij;also=paihn, q.v.
of paihn; r or l being the caus. increment), H p [S. ], s.f. Water in which
v.t. To cause to penetrate; to cause to pervade;
rice has been boiled, rice-gruel; gruel (=ph).

635
P pe [Pehl. pikhak; Zend pikha], s.m. perplexity, trouble; contention;
circumvention;tenesmus, cholic, gripes.
Turn, winding; revolution; involution;
P peak, s.f. A ball, clue, or skein (of
convolution;twist, coil; plait, fold;
thread);the bottom on which thread is wound.
entanglement, complication, maze, perplexity,
intricacy, ambiguity; hitch, difficulty, trouble; S peak, s.m. An owl (=pe);a
trick (in wrestling, &c.); artifice, stratagem; louse;the root of an elephant's tail;a
wiliness, craftiness; duplicity, deceit;a roll cloud;a bed.
(of cloth, &c.); a screw; a machine:pe-- H pn [p = Prk. ()
pe, s.m. & adj. Twist upon twist, all
convolution; all intricacy, &c.;involved, or ()=S. (), future of rt. ], v.t.
intricate, &c.:pe uhn, v.n. To experience To trample upon, to crush; to tread down.
trouble, suffer distress or loss:pe ukhan, H p, s.m. The fruit of the Capparis
v.n. The twist (of anything) to become loose; a aphylla (syn. karl).
screw to come out:pe bdhn (-se), To S peu, s.m. A species of bulbous plant
grapple (with, in wrestling):pe-p, pe-
p, s.m.=pe, q.v.:pe pan (-me), A with esculent roots, Colocasia antiquorum.
difficulty or hitch to arise (in); to occur as a P pe-wn, adj. Twisted (generally
difficulty or obstacle; to become complicated, applied to uqqa-snakes);s.m. A uqqa-
difficult, or intricate;to be entangled (in): snake.
pe-tb, s.m.=pe-o-tb, q.v.:pe aln, v.n. H ph, s.f. Rice-water, &c.=p, q.v.
An artifice or stratagem to be successful; to H ph [Prk. =S. +],
prevail by stratagem, &c.:pe unn (-ke), To
bind the twists (of a turban) with care:pe- s.m. The hinder or back part, the rear;
dr, adj. Twisted, convoluted, coiled, spiral; following; pursuit; persecution;absence:
winding, sinuous; intricate, complicated, ph bhr hon, v.n. To be pursued; to have
involved; knotty, difficult; ambiguous; crooked, (an enemy) in the rear:ph phern, To turn
tortuous; artful, tricky, wily, crafty, deceitful: away, to leave, withdraw:ph hurn (-
pe-dar-pe, adj. Coil within coil; involved, k), To get rid (of), shake off; to get away
entangled, intricate, complex:pe den(-ko), (from):ph chon (-k), To give up
To wind round, to twist; to screw; to following, or persecuting; to let (one) alone; to
circumvent, to deceive:pe ln (-me), To give over, cease:ph karn (-k), To
entangle (the string of an adversary's paper follow, pursue, chase; to press, importune,
kite); to throw obstacles or difficulties (in the persecute;to back (as a horse); to recoil (as a
way of):pe-k, adj. (f. -) = pe-dr, q.v.: gun, &c.):ph na hon (-k), To stick to,
pe karn (-me; or -se), To practise artifices or to pursue unremittingly; to persecute:
tricks, to trick, deceive; to complicate;to phe, phe, adv. & postpn. In the rear (of, -
grapple (with, in wrestling):pe khn, v.n. ke); in pursuit (of); behind, astern; after (both in
To be twisted, &c.; to coil; to writhe; to be time and space); afterwards, subsequently;
perplexed; to fall into difficulties, to sustain a back, ago; besides;in the absence (of); after
loss:pe khuln, or khul-jn, v.n. To be the death (of);in consequence (of); on, upon;
untwisted; to be unscrewed:pe kholn (-k), on account (of); for the sake (of), for:phe
To untwist; to unscrew:pe len (-se); To n, v.n. To come after; to follow; to ensue; to
entangle (the silk of one's paper kite with that of come late:phe pan (-ke), To run after, to
another kite), to fight paper kites;to meet, to dance attendance (on); to importune, dun,
embrace:pe-o-tb, pe-tb, s.m. Twisting persecute, torment; to pursue doggedly or
and twining; convolution, twisting knots, folds; tenaciously; to make a point (of);to drop
contortions; restlessness, anxiety, agitation, behind, to be outstripped:phe-phe, adv.
perplexity, disquietude, distraction, distress; (intens. of phe), One after another, in
vexation, anger, indignation:pe-o-tb khn, succession; in a train, row, or series:phe
v.n. To twist and turn; to writhe; to suffer horn or ho-den, v.t. To leave behind:
distress or anxiety; to be vexed. phe ln, phe rakhn, v.t. To put or leave
H pe [S. ], s.m. An owl. behind; to outstrip, surpass;to lay by, store
up:phe rahn, v.n. To remain behind or
H pai, s.m. Turn, twist, &c.=pe, q.v. back, to fall or lag behind; to be left remaining;
P pen (imperf. part. of P. pedan), part. to survive;phe rah-hu`, adj. Remaining;
adj. Turning, twisting, winding, coiling, &c.; surviving:pche-se, adv. From behind; in the
twisted, coiled, &c. rear;afterwards, subsequently:phe karn,
P peish (fr. pe, q.v.), s.f. Inflection, v.t. To put behind; to cast behind the back; to
twisting, contortion, writhing; intricacy, keep back, to restrain:phe-ko phirn, v.n.
To retreat; to depart or withdraw (through

636
fear):phe lagn or lag-jn or lag-rahn (- created, &c.; to arise, spring up, be produced; to
ke), To follow, pursue, prosecute, &c. (=ph be found; to be earned, &c.
karn, q.v.):phe ho-len (-ke), To get or go
behind; to follow after; to go in the wake or P paid-wr, = P paid-wr, s.f.
train (of). Produce (of land, &c.), yield; fruit; harvest;
H paihn, s.f. = profits (of trade), proceeds, out-turn, income.
H paihnn, P paid-wr, = P paid-wr, s.f.
v.t. See pahn and pahnn. Produce (of land, &c.), yield; fruit; harvest;
H paihnn, v.t. = profits (of trade), proceeds, out-turn, income.
H paihn, P paid`ish, s.f. Birth; creation,
s.f. See pahn and pahnn. production; origin, rise; produce; earnings,
H phal [Prk. or ; profits, &c. (see paid);one of the titles of the
Book of Genesis.
S. +], adv. (prov.)=phe, q.v.; cf.
also pihl. P H paid`ish, adj. Natural; original;
H ph, adv.=pche, q.v.s.v. ph. inborn, innate, &c. (syn. al; jibill; alq).

H pchuw, phw
P pai-dar-pai, adv. See s.v. pai.
[ph+Prk. =S. redupl.], s.m. The
hinder part (particularly of a saddle). H pd, s.f. A tomtit (=pid; cf.
also pidd).
pcht, adv. (prov.)=phe, q.v.
H
H paidal, adj. & adv. Walking; on
H phe [Prk. =S. ], adv. foot;s.m. Foot-soldier; infantry.
See s.v. ph.
H pel, s.m.=pel, q.v.
P pedag (abst. subst. from the next),
s.f. The being twisted; twisting, winding; twist,
contortion; distortion. H pr, s.f.=p; p, q.v.

P peda (perf. part. of pedan, fr. pe, P pr (S. ?; Old P. piyar), s.m. An old
q.v.), part. adj. Twisted, coiled, &c.: See pe- man; a saint; a spiritual guide or father; a priest;
dr, s.v. pe. founder or head of a religious order;
Monday:pr-bh`, s.m. Follower of the same
P pl, vulg. pail, s.m. Excrement, spiritual teacher or guide, fellow-sectarian:
dung (esp. of birds):pl karn, v.n. To pr-bhu (see bar), s.m. A priest of the
dung; to mute. hjas;pr-bhu--k kah`, s.f. An offering
made to the priest of the hjas on the
P pai-na, s.m. See s.v. pai; and cf. admission of a novice:pr-pl, s.m. An
p`e-na. assignment of land for the support of a pr, or
for keeping in order the tomb of a saint:pr-
H pen, s.m. See the Hind pekhn pairav, s.f. Following the guidance (of, -k):
(of which it is the Urd form). pr-zda, s.m. The son, or the disciple, of a pr;
a priest attached to a mosque; a mendicant:
P paid [Zend paiti+day, rt. d; S. prati+rt. pr-zl, pr-zla, pr-zan, s.f. An old woman:
dh], part. adj. Born, created, generated, pr-mard, s.m. An old man:pr-murgn, s.m.
produced; invented, discovered, manifested, Chief priest of the Magi;the prior of a
manifest, exhibited; procured, acquired, earned, Christian monastery;a tavern-keeper:pr
gained;s.f. That which is earned, earnings, karn, v.t. To make (one) a spiritual teacher or
gain, profit, income; interest; emoluments; guide; to elect a spiritual teacher, &c.
perquisites, bribes (syn. yft):paid karn, v.t.
To bring into being, to create, make, form,
H pair [S. ++], s.m. The foot;
produce, give rise to, occasion; to raise, bring
forth, breed, hatch; to originate, invent, footstep; foot-print; the track of oxen (whether
discover; to find; to procure, acquire, earn, gain, in treading out corn, or in working an oil-press,
realize:paid hon, v.n. To be born; to be or in drawing water from a well, &c.); the place
where corn is trodden out, the threshing floor;

637
the place where corn is stacked;corn in the
straw;pairo, adv. On foot, afoot
(=paidal):pair uhn, v.n. To lift or raise the
feet; to direct the steps (towards, -k or), to
proceed (in the direction of):pair hn, v.n.
To continue menstruating after the usual
time:pair dharn, pair rakhn, v.n. To tread,
to step.
H pr, adj.=pl, q.v.
P per, s.f. A kind of musical
instrument.
H pair, s.m. The track of oxen, &c. or shift (resembling the qab, but having
(=pair, q.v.).
P pair (act. part. of pairstan; see next), adj.
& s.m. (used as last member of compounds),
adorning, decorating; adorned (with); adorner,
decorator; one who executes (a thing) with
elegance and accuracy.
increment], v.t. To cause to swim or float, to
make (one) swim, to teach (one) to swim.
P pr-na, adj. Elderly, old; growing old;
like an old man;belonging to, or connected
with, a saint; worthy of a saint.
H pair`o or pair` [rt. of
pairn+`o = Prk. =S. ()+], adj.
Requiring to be swum across; beyond the depth
of a man, unfordable, deep.
P pairhan (S. ), s.m. Covering,
mantle; a long robe; a kind of loose vest, a shirt
buttons instead of strings at the neck and navel,
and between the two).
P H pr`, s.m. A tribe or caste who beat
the hol or drum and sing of saints (pr).
H pair` [rt. of pairn+Prk.

P pairsta [perf. part. of pairstan, fr. =S. + ()], s.f. The act and the
Zend vi++rt. rd = S. rdh], part. adj. art of swimming (=pairk); place to be swum
Decorated, adorned; trimmed; arranged, across; distance over which it is necessary to
adjusted. swim;charge or wages for teaching to swim.

H pairk [rt. of pair-n+Prk. P H pair` (see pair), s.f. Adorning,

=S. (i.e. caus.
increment+], s.m. A swimmer (=tairk).
H pairk [pairk+Prk. =S.
], s.f. The act of swimming; the art of
swimming;a female swimmer.
decorating (used as the last member of
compounds).
P prya, perya, s.m. Ornament,
decoration.
P H pr-pl; see s.v. pr for compounds of
which that word is the first member.

P pairman, = P pairmn, (S. H pern, v.t.=pen, q.v.

?), s.m. Circuit, circumference;
environs, adjacent places;the skirt, lappet, or H pairn, or pa`irn [pair =
flap of a garment;adv. About, around. Prk. ()=S. (), rt. +], v.n. To
swim; to float.
P pairmn, = P pairman, (S.
?), s.m. Circuit, circumference; S peru, s.m. The ocean;the sun; fire.
environs, adjacent places;the skirt, lappet, or
flap of a garment;adv. About, around.
H per, pr [Port. per], s.m. A
P prn, s.m. Old men; saints (pl. of pr, turkey.
q.v.);an assignment of land for the support of
a pr, or for the preservation of the tomb of a P pai-rau, s.m. See s.v. pai.
saint (=pr-pl);charity lands (bestowed on
the poor in honour of a saint). S peroja, vulg. peroj, s.m. The
turquoise (=proza).
H pairn [caus. of pairn; pair =
pair+ = w = Prk. or =S. caus. P proz, adj. Victorious; prosperous,
successful (=froz).

638
 H pak (S. paka), adj. & s.m.
P proza [S. ], s.m. The turquoise Pressing, squeezing;giving or occasioning
(=froza). pain; oppressing, harassing; vexing,
annoying;oppressor, tormentor, persecutor,
P pai-rav, s.f. See s.v. pai. &c.
H pn [p =
P pairahan, s.m. contrac. of pairhan, q.v.
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. ], v.n. To be
H pr (from pr, q.v.), s.f. Old age, senility, pained, &c.; to pain, ache.
decrepitude;the status or condition of a priest, H pen (i.q. peln, q.v.), v.t. To
or of a saint;rule, authority, power, influence. press, squeeze, crush, grind; to rack.
H pe [S. +], s.m. The belly
H pair (from pair), s.f. An ornament
below the navel, the pubes; locus ubi exoritur
for the legs, an anklet;the quantity of grain pubes.
obtained after threshing.
H ph, ph [Prk. ;
H p, s.f. Pain, &c.=p, q.v. S. ], s.m. A large square stool (to sit on);
stool, seat:ph-bandh, s.m. Preface or
H pe [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A tree; introduction (to a book: cf.pha).
plant; shrub:pe lagn, v.n. To plant trees. H ph [Prk. ; S. ], s.f.
A small stool; seat, chair;descent, extraction,
H pe [Prk. =S. ], s.m. A pedigree; a race or generation of progenitors or
descendants:ph-ph, ph-dar-ph, adv.
lump, &c. (see pina; and cf. pe).
From generation to generation; generation after
generation; from age to age (=pusht-dar-pusht).
H pai, s.m.=pair, q.v.
H pe (dim. of pe), s.f. A kind of
sweetmeat (=pe).
H p (S. p), s.f. Pain, suffering,
H pe (see pe), s.f. The trunk of a
anguish; the pains of child-birth; sorrow,
tree; stubble (from which a second crop is
affliction, distress; wrong, harm, injury,
obtained); the indigo plant after being once cut;
oppression; disease, sickness, illness;
a kind of betel leaf; a rate paid by cultivators
compassion, pity, sympathy, charity:p-
to zamndrs for the use of fruit trees.
bodhak, adj. (in Gram.) Expressive of pain (as
anintj. or exclamation):p den (-ko), To H pai (dim. of pai = pair), s.f.
give pain (to); to afflict, oppress, harass; to vex, Ladder, stair-case, flight of steps, stairs; step or
annoy; to harm, injure;v.n. To give pain, to rung of a ladder;the track or path of oxen (in
pain, ache:p-kar, adj. Pain-causing, giving drawing water, &c.=pai; pair, q.v.).
pain, afflicting, tormenting. P pez (rt. of pezdan), part. adj. Sifting (used
H pe [Prk. =S. ], s.m. A in comp.).
P paizr, s.f. A slipper; a shoe:paizr-
ball or lump of leavened dough;a kind of paizr, s.f. Fighting or mutual beating with
sweetmeat (made of curds).
slippers:paizr-pa, s.f. The act of beating
H pai (from pai = pair), s.m. High with a slipper:paizr-or, adj. 'Fit or
wooden pattens (syn. kha`o);the track or deserving to receive a shoe-beating'; abject,
path of oxen (in drawing water, &c.=pair, q.v.). mean, base:paizr-se, intj. It concerns my
H pn [p, q.v.+ = w = shoes! My shoes may care! I care not! (cf. bal-
se):paizr-kr, s.f.=paizr-pa, q.v.:
Prk. or =S. caus. paizr khn, v.n. To suffer a shoe-beating, be
increment;+n = an = Prk. =S. ], beaten with slippers.
v.t. To occasion pain; to cause to smart;v.n. P pezna (from pezdan, 'to sift'), s.m. A
To pain, ache, smart. sieve (syn. ln).
H pit (S. pita), part. adj. Pressed, S payas (changeable to payo),
squeezed, crushed;pained, distressed, s.m. Juice; water; milk:payo da, adj. (f. -),
tortured, afflicted, oppressed, harassed, harmed; Yielding milk;s.m. 'Water-giver,' a cloud:
suffering, sick, ill. payo dhar, s.m. lit. 'Water-holder'; or
'containing milk'; a cloud; a woman's breast; an
udder;the root of Scirpus kysoor;a species

639
of sugar-cane;the cocoa-nut;the fragrant H psn, s.f. The corn or grain for
grass Cyperus rotundus:payo-dhas, payo-dhi,
grinding (=psn).
s.m.=payo-nidhi, q.v.:payo-dhik, s.m. 'Sea-
foam'; cuttle-fish bone:payo-mu, s.m. A S payas-val, adj. Rich in milk,
cloud:payo-mukh, adj. Having milk on the yielding milk abundantly.
surface; milk-faced:payo-nidhi, s.m. S payas-win, s.f. A cow with
'Receptacle of water'; the ocean; a cloud; pond, abundance of milk, a milch-cow.
lake:payo-vrat, s.m. The act of subsisting on P pes (see pes), adj. Leprous.
mere milk in consequence of a vow (which,
with prayer and residence in a cow-house, for S payasy, s.f. Coagulated milk,
the period of one month, is regarded as an curds (made by mixing sour with hot sweet
expiation for receiving an unsuitable milk);the shrub Asclepias rosea;a
present);the offering milk to Vishu and medicinal kind of moon-plant.
subsisting upon it for twelve days as an act of H paisyal, adj. Worth
merit; also for one day, or for three days. one pais (=paise-wl).
P pes (Old P. pest; S. ), adj. & s.m. P pesh [Old P., pes; Pehl. pesh; Z. para;
White, leprous; vile, ignoble;leprosy. S. para], s.m. Front, fore part; the front piece
(in a native coat); (in Gram.) the vowel-
H pais [i.e. p` or p`i+s;
point (termed amma by the Arabs);adv. &
S. ++], s.m. A copper coin, a postpn., In front (of, -ke), before (in time or
pice (the fourth part of an n; in value about a place;syn. ge);adj. Promoted, advanced;
farthing and a half);money, cash, wealth, respected; trusted; possessing influence:pesh
riches, fortune:pais un (-k), To spend az, adv. Previous (to, -ke), before;pesh az n,
money extravagantly;to make away with the adv. Previous to this, before this; formerly,
money (of another); to take the money (of heretofore (=is-se ge, or is-se pahle):pesh-
another) by theft or deceit:pais pher-phr mad, s.f. Coming into the presence (of, k),
karn, v.n. To turn the penny:pais ubon, advance; access, admittance; advancement,
v.n. To sink money, to lay out money without elevation:pesh-n, v.n. To come before, step
return:pais bn, v.n. Money to be sunk or forward, to advance; to present (itself), to
lost:pais khn (-k), To spend intervene, to arise, occur, happen, come to pass;
extravagantly, to waste;to subsist by wages to behave (with, -se, e.g. gust-se pesh y,
or the produce (of labour);to embezzle; to 'he behaved insolently'), to treat; to deal (with),
take bribes:paise lagn (me), To lay out or negotiate:pesh-andesha, adj. Looking to the
expend money (upon):paise-wl, adj. & future, provident, prudent:pesh-band, s.m.
s.m. Moneyed, wealthy;worth one pais;a The belt that passes over a horse's breast to
moneyed man. prevent the saddle's slipping back; a
martingal:pesh-band, s.f. Foresight, timely
H ps, s.m.=pi, q.v.
preparation (for, -k):pesh-bn, adj.
H pais, adj. & s.m.=pai, q.v. Foreseeing, prudent, provident, wise:pesh-
H paisr [S. ], s.m. Reach, bn, s.f. Foresight; prudence:pesh jn, pesh
aln, v.n. To go forth, to advance; to gain
compass, extent; access, entrance, admission; reception (from, se), to pass, to answer; to be
ability, power. effective, have effect:pesh-aima, s.m. A
H paisah, adj.=paisah, q.v. tent or other baggage sent on before; the camp
H paisal, adj. Worth equipage, tents, &c., sent on in advance of an
army;fore-runner, harbinger:pesh-dln,
one paisa (=paise-wl).
s.m. Vestibule, porch, portico; verandah;
H psan (see next), s.m. Grinding, gallery:pesh-dast, adj. & s.m. Surpassing,
&c.;flour (=pisn). excelling; outstripping; being beforehand,
H psn [ps = Prk. (), anticipating;one who excels; an assistant;
money paid in advance, earnest-money;pesh-
or (), or (), or ()=S. , dast, s.f. An outstripping, surpassing,
rt. ], v.t. To grind, triturate, bruise, powder, excelling; pre-eminence, precedency,
pulverize; to gnash (the teeth);to toil, drudge, excellence; anticipation, the being beforehand
slave;s.m. The corn or grain for grinding. (in, -me), forestalling; paying beforehand;
pesh-dast karn, v.n. To make haste; to take
H paisn [pais = pa`is =
the lead (in, -me); to be beforehand (in), to
Prk. (), or ()=S. (), anticipate:pesh-ras, adj. & s.m. Early, first
rt. with ], v.n. To enter, &c.=paihn, q.v. (fruit, grain, &c.);first-fruits:pesh-raft, adj.
Making impression, impressive, forcible;

640
successful, efficient, effectual (as a speech,
admonition, &c.);pesh-raft jn, pesh-raft
hon, v.n. To have effect, be effectual, produce
an impression, to be heeded; to be successful, to
succeed;to take the lead, to go ahead:pesh-
rav, pesh-rau, s.m. One who goes before;
leader; guide; precursor, fore-runner; party in
advance; advance guard, van:pesh-rav, s.f.
The act of going before or preceding:pesh-
qab, s.f. A dagger (worn in front):pesh-
qadam, s.f. Stepping before or forwards,
advancing, advance; outstripping; anticipation;
activity, alertness; aggression;leadership,
command:pesh-qadam karn, v.n. To go
before, precede, go in advance; to advance,
push forward; tooutstrip; to anticipate; to take
the first step, to commence; to be the
aggressor:pesh-kr, s.m. Deputy; manager,
agent, foreman; assistant, mate; a native officer
in a court next below the sarishtadr:pesh-
kr, s.f. Deputyship; agency, &c.; the office of
a pesh-kr:pesh karn, v.t. To put or set
before; to offer, present; to bring forward,
adduce, submit, propose, represent:pesh-
kash, s.m. lit. 'What is first drawn'; first-
fruits;a present to a superior; a present to the
ruling power on receiving an appointment, or
on the renewal of a grant, lease, &c.:pesh-
gh, s.f. The foremost place, the front;
vestibule, portico:pesh-gh-me, adv. In
front, before:pesh-go`, s.f. Prediction:
pesh-nazar, Object; view, prospect:pesh-
nigh, intj. Look out! take care!:pesh-namz,
s.m. A leader at prayer, an imm:pesh-nihd,
s.m. lit. 'What is placed before'; exemplar,
example, model; custom, habit, use; mode,
manner; rule, regulation.
P peshb (S. ), s.m. Urine, piss:
peshb-k ak`o, peshb-band, s.m. Stoppage
or suppression of urine, strangury;peshb
band hon, v.n. To suffer retention or stoppage
of urine:peshb karn, v.n. To make water:
peshb lagn, v.n. To have the desire to pass
urine, to want to piss:peshb-lne-wl, adj. religious instructor;the first executive officer
(f. -), Diuretic.
S pai, adj. & s.m. Relating or
belonging to a pia or demon; infernal,
demoniacal;the eighth and lowest form of
marriage (described as taking place when a
lover secretly embraces a maiden either
sleeping or intoxicated or disordered in her
intellect);a pisa or demon.
S pai, s.f. A sort of gibberish P peshw`, s.f. Leadership; high-
put into the mouths of demons by the dramatic
poets; one of the lowest forms of Prkrit
dialects.
P peshn, s.f. The forehead, front, brow;
fate, lot, destiny (as traceable in the lines of the
forehead).
P pesh-tar (pesh+tar, qq.v.), adv. Before,
prior (to, -ke, or -se); formerly; sooner;
heretofore; ago; further; beyond.
P pesh-kr, = P pesh-kash, See s.v.
pesh.
P pesh-kash, = P pesh-kr, See s.v.
pesh.
P peshg, s.f. Money given in advance, or
on account; an advance (of money); earnest-
money.
S pesha, s.m. Grinding, crushing,
pulverizing;any apparatus for grinding or
pounding, a hand-mill; a stone and muller; a
threshing-floor;a plant, a species of
Euphorbia with three lobes, Euphorbia
antiquorum (com. called tekt-sij).
H pekha, s.m.=(Old H.)
pekha, q.v.
S paiun, s.m. Informing (against);
tale-bearing, backbiting, calumny; espionage;
malignity, depravity.
S pesha, s.f. A stone slab on
which condiments, &c. are ground with a
muller; mill, handmill; grindstone; millstone.
S paiunya, s.m.=paiun, q.v.
P peshw, s.m. Exemplar, model; guide,
leader; foreman; the head of a party; high-
priest; the chief of a religious sect; a moral or
(among the Marhaas):peshw karn, v.t. To
follow as a model; to take as a guide, &c.:
peshw len (-k), To meet and receive (a
friend or visitor).
P pesh-wz, vulg. pishwz (pesh, 'in
front'+w = bz, 'open'), s.f. A full-dress gown
(reaching a little below the knee,especially
such as is worn by a bride when she leaves for
her husband's home, and also by dancing girls).
priestship; guidance; precedence, supremacy;
the meeting and reception of a guest or
641
visitor:peshw` karn (-k), To meet, leaf chewed and spit out:pk-dn, s.m. pk-
receive, welcome; to escort. dn, s.f. A vessel for holding the pk; a spittoon
(syn. ugl-dn).
H peshaur (P. pesh+war), s.m. Name of a
city on the north-west frontier of India (lit. 'an H pk, s.m. The Indian cuckoo (=pik,
advanced post'; it was built by the emperor
q.v.).
Akbar).

H peshaur, adj. & s.f. Of or belonging to H pk, s.f.=phk, q.v.

Peshaur, coming from or made in Peshaur;a
kind of slipper or shoe made in Peshaur;a P paik (S. ), s.m. Messenger,
kind of rice. runner; courier, an express; a runner before a
tziya (q.v.); a guard, watchman.
P pesha (rel. n. from pesh), s.m. lit. 'That
which is followed'; vocation, profession, craft, P paikr, s.f. War, battle, contest (also
trade, business; custom, habit, practice; art, written paigr).
skill:pesha-wr, pesha-war, pesha-wl, s.m.
An artisan, craftsman, artificer; workman;
tradesman. H paikr, s.m.=p`e-kr, q.v.s.v.
p`e.
P pesh, s.f. The being put before, coming
before (as a case before a judge), the being P paikn, s.m.f. The head of an arrow,
brought forward, or into the presence of;lead, dart, javelin, &c.; any pointed missile.
precedence; superior rank;an advance
(=peshg). P paikn, s.m. pl. (of paik), Runners,
couriers, &c.; armed militia or watchmen;
S pe, s.f. A piece, ball, or lump of revenues of lands for the maintenance of paiks.
flesh or meat; a sheath, scabbard; the egg of a
bird; spikenard, Valeriana jatamansi; a blown P paikar (S. ?), s.m.f. Face,
bud. countenance, visage; form, appearance, figure;
resemblance, portrait, likeness;(as last
P peshn [pesh, q.v.+Zend ae = S. ], member of comp.), adj. Faced;resembling,
like (e.g. par-paikar, 'fairy-faced'; koh-paikar,
adj. Former, prior, anterior, ancient;
'like a mountain').
anticipated;s.m. The morning:peshn-go`,
s.f. Fore-telling, prediction.
H pai-ka, = H pai-
P peshniyn, s.m. pl. Those who have kah, s.m. See s.v. pai.
gone-before, the ancients.
H pai-kah, = H pai-
P paigr, s.m. A ditch; a furrow. ka, s.m. See s.v. pai.

H paigm (akin to S. ), s.m. H pekha, s.m. Seeing, &c. (see

Message; mission, embassy; news, advice, next).
intelligence (=paym or paiym):paigm-
paigm, s.f. Messages to and fro, mutual
H pekhn [pekh = Prk.
messages, correspondence:paigm-bar, s.m.
'Message-bearer,' messenger; ambassador, ()=S. (), rt. with ], v.t. To see,
envoy; prophet, apostle:paigm-bar, s.f. look, behold (=dekhn); to desire, wish for,
Mission (esp. of a prophet), legation; the office long for.
of a messenger, &c.
H pekhn [Prk. ; S.
P paigam, s.m. contrac. of paigm, q.v.:
paigam-bar, s.m. A prophet; apostle (=paigm- ], s.m. A puppet-show; show, spectacle,
bar):paigam-bar, s.f.=paigm-bar, q.v. play, comedy, farce, sham; illusion;a
plaything, toy; the wiles and artifices of
H pk [Prk. , or ; S. , woman.

or ; cf. also pg], s.f. The juice of the betel

642
H pekhniy [Prk. ; S. H pailr, adv. (prov.), Beyond,
+ (i.e. +)], s.m. Player, actor, across, over on the other side; removed (in
time) by a whole unit:pailr-k baras, The
&c.
year before last; the year after next.
H paik (see paik), s.m. One who
H plm (from the Chinese), s.m.
carries round a uqqa for hire at a fair or in a
Satin.
camp;a tumbler, mountebank;s.f.
Tumbling.
H pl` (from pl), s.f.
H paig, s.m. Pegu (the country);a Yellowness (=pl-pan).
sort of green coloured stone (brought from
P pl-bn, s.m. See s.v. pl for compounds
Pegu).
of which that word is the first member.
P pl (S. ), s.m. Elephant; (in chess) the
H pela, = H pel, = H
bishop;pl-bn, s.m. Elephant-keeper;
elephant-driver;pl-bn, s.f. The business of pelah, [Prk. , ; S.
taking care of elephants:pl-band, s.m. The + , and +], s.m. A testicle.
mutually supporting each other of a bishop and
two pawns (at chess):pl-p, s.m. & adj.
Elephantiasis;afflicted with elephantiasis: H pel, = H pela, = H
pl-pya, s.m. lit. 'Elephant's foot'; pelah, [Prk. , ; S.
elephantiasis;a pillar, column:pl-tan, adj.
+ , and +], s.m. A testicle.
Elephant-bodied, huge, gigantic:pl-dandn,
s.m. Elephant's tooth, ivory:pl-murg, s.m.
lit. 'Elephant-bird'; a turkey (=per):pl- H pelah, = H pela, = H
nishn, adj. & s.m. Sitting on an elephant; pel, [Prk. , ; S. + ,
elephant-rider.
and +], s.m. A testicle.
H pel (see pel-n), s.m. Shove, push;
s.f. Crush, crowd; abundance, plenty (see rel; S plak, s.m. The large black ant.
and rel-pel):pel-pl, part. adj. Shoving,
pushing, &c.:pel-mrn, v.t. To shove, push. H plak [S. +], s.m. The
Indian oriole (vulgarly called the Mango-bird);
S pel, s.m. See pel. the small yellow-headed bird Loxia philippensis
(=pt-mastak, q.v.s.v. pta).
H pl [Prk. ; S. +],
adj. (f. -), Yellow; pale;s.m. A species of H pailan (corr. of pahilan; see pahil),
grain or chick-pea (an):ple-bdal, s.m. adj. & s.m. (prov.), First;first-born.
Break of day, dawn.
H peln [pel = Prk. (); S.
H pel [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A
(), rt. with ; or S. (), rt. ],
testicle (=pela).
v.t. To shove, push, thrust, jostle; to impel,
H pel (see peln), s.m. A prop, drive on forcibly, to push on; to push down,
support;oppression, tyranny; wrong, fault. thrust in; to press, crush, squeeze; to stuff,
cram, ram; to express, squeeze out.
H pail, s.m. A vessel for measuring
grain; a large basket. S plu, and H. pl, s.m. The tree
Careya arborea, or Salvadora persica (of which
H pail, adj. corr. of pahl, q.v. tooth-brushes or dentifrices are made);a
flower; the blossom of the Saccharum sara; an
arrow; a worm, insect; an elephant:plu-
H pl-pan [pl, q.v.+pan = Prk. par, s.f. The plant Sanseviera zeylanica;
==S. (Vedic ], s.m. Momordica monadelpha;Bryonia grandis;a
Yellowness. kind of drug.

643
H pel [pel, rt. of peln, q.v.+ = Prk.
=S. ()+], s.m. A pusher, shover;
wrestler, athlete.
P plwar, s.m. A druggist; a pedlar.
P pela, pla (cf. S. plu, 'a worm'), s.m. The
ball or cocoon which the silk-worm forms
round itself; the silkworm (=kirm-pla).
paim`ish-e-band-o-bast, s.f. Settlement,
measurement, a asra survey:paim`ish-e-
kamps, s.f. Trigonometrical, or revenue survey
(by theodolite and compass):paim`ish-
kunanda, paim`ish-dr, s.m. A surveyor:
paim`ish-e-ml, s.f. Revenue survey:
paim`ish-o-zm`ish, s.f. Gauge and proof (of
liquor, &c.).
P paim`, s.f.=paim`ish, q.v.

H plh, s.f.=plh, q.v. P payambar, s.m.=paigam-bar, q.v.s.v.

paigam
H pelha, = H pelh,
s.m.=pela, pel, q.v. H paimak, pemak, s.f. Gold
or silver lace or brocade (used for the border of
H pelh, = H pelha, a dress, or for a hat or cap).
s.m.=pela, pel, q.v. P paimd (contrac. of paimda, perf. part.
of paimdan; see paimna), part. adj.
H pl (see pl), s.f. 'The yellow Measured:paimd hon, v.n. To be measured.
piece,' a gold mohur (syn. asharf).
H pem, adj. & s.m.=prem, q.v.
H paile, adv., corr. of pahle, q.v.s.v.
pahl. S pn, adj. Fat, corpulent, full, round;
large, big; heavy.
H pliy (pl, q.v.+iy = S. ),
s.m. A yellow sheet (worn by a woman on the H pe, p, s.m. An imitative sound;
sixth day after her giving birth to a child and singing, humming, buzzing; squeak, squeal;
subsequently). pe, s.m. Pride, conceit:pe nikln or nikl-
den (-k), To take the conceit out (of).
H pem, s.m.=prem, q.v.
H pain, pa` (see painal), s.m.
P paim (S. ; or act. part. of paimdan, Water-course, channel, drain; a rill; a reservoir
'to measure'), part. adj. & s.m. Measuring; of water.
weighing;measurer, &c. (used as last member
of compounds, e.g. suun-paim, 'a measurer H pn [p = Prk. ()=S.
of words, an orator').
(), rt. ;+n = an = Prk. =S.
P paimn (see next), s.m. Measuring; ], v.t. To drink, imbibe; to absorb, suck,
agreement, compact, convention, treaty, take in; to smoke; &c. (see p-jn);s.m.
stipulation, pledge, promise; security; Drinking; drink, &c.:p-jn, p-len, v.t.
confirmation; asseveration, oath. (intensive forms), To drink off or up, to toss
down; to suck up, absorb completely; to gulp
P paimna [Zend paiti+rt. m; S. down (wrath, &c.); to stifle or suppress (anger,
prati+m, rt. m], s.m. A measure (for dry or emotion, &c.); to bear patiently; to refrain from
wet goods); measure (of length, or capacity, answer, to keep quiet (in these senses the word
&c.); a plane-scale (in land-measurement and bt is usually expressed, e.g. bt pn or p-
mapping); a cup, bowl, goblet:paimna-- jn).
brish, s.m. A rain-gauge:paimna `umr-k
bharn, v.t. To fill up the measure (of one's) H pn [S. ], s.m. Dregs or
life, to kill;v.n. The measure of one's days to
be full, to die:paimna-kash, s.m. A refuse (of linseed, &c.), the oil-cake.
measurer, weigher, weigh-man.
H pain [S. +; or +],
P paim`ish, s.f. Measuring, surveying; adj. & s.m. (f. -), Sharp; pointed;a goad (for
measurement, measure, survey (of land):

644
oxen, &c.):pain karn, v.t. To sharpen, H paijan, pejan [S.
&c.=painn, q.v.
+], s.f. An anklet of small bells.
H painl [S. +], s.m. H pjn [akin to S. ], v.t.
Water-course, drain, gutter; spout (cf. pain). To clean cotton from the seeds, to card or comb
(cotton).
H painn [pain, q.v.+ = w =
H paijn, pejn, = H
Prk. or =S. caus. increment], v.t.
To sharpen, give an edge to; to make pointed. paijniy, pejniy, (dim. of
paijan, q.v.), s.f.=paijan;small bells
H paitls [Prk. ; fastened round the feet of children, and of
pigeons;paijn, s.f. A support for the axle-
S. ], adj. Forty-five. tree of a cart.

H paitalsw [the H paijniy, pejniy, = H

preceding+Prk. =S. ], adj. Forty- paijn, pejn, (dim. of
fifth. paijan, q.v.), s.f.=paijan;small bells
fastened round the feet of children, and of
H [ [paitn, petn [Prk. pigeons;paijn, s.f. A support for the axle-
tree of a cart.
, or ; S. (or
)+++], s.m. The foot part (of a H pe, s.m.=pe, q.v.
bedstead, tomb, &c.=pyant).
H pai [S. ], s.f. The tail of a
H paitar, paitr [S.
peacock.
++], s.m. Flourishing about before
cudgelling, &c.; the preparatory attitudes or H pai, (local) pai [S. ?],
movements of a wrestler (also written s.m. Return, requital, retaliation; a loan;
paitar):paitare badaln, v.n. To go through repayment (of a loan.
the usual attitudes and flourishes before closing
(with an antagonist).
H pain, v.t. To winnow; to sift
(=pahon; phaakn).
H paith [Prk. or
; S. +], s.f. The edge of the H pend, paid [S. +],
reservoir, where the man who receives the s.m. The bottom (of a vessel, box, pot, &c.); the
water-bag stands to throw up the water for breech (of a cannon).
irrigation.
H pend (dim. of pend), s.f. The
H paits [Prk. or
bottom, &c. (=pend):pend-ke bal baihn,
; S. ], adj. Thirty-five. v.n. To go down bottom foremost; to flop
down;to be overcome, be subdued.
H paitsw [paits,
H p [S. ], s.m. A roller.
q.v.+Prk. =S. ], adj. Thirty-fifth.

H pe [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A
H peh, paih [S. +,
ball, lump, &c. (see pin); rising ground, an
or ], s.f. A stated or fixed market (syn. eminence:pe-l, s.m. The sweet or
h), a market; market-day. spanish potato, Batatos paniculata (cf. pinlu,
s.v. pi):pe-khajr, s.m.=pi-khajr,
H paih, s.f.=paih, q.v. q.v.s.v. pi.

645
H pe, pai [Prk. ; S. swing;a kind of bird, Gracula chattareah
(Buch.):pg ahn, pg len, v.n. To
+ ], s.f. Step, pace; way, path, track (see swing very high.
pai).
H pnn, v.t.=pjn, q.v.
H pai, s.m.=palai; palhin,
q.v. H penn, v.t. corr. of pahinna, q.v.

H pai, = H painh,
H penh` [S. ++], s.f.
[pe, q.v.+S. ], s.m. Road, way, path, Tenderness, fondness, affection.
track:pai mrn, v.n. To stop a road; to
rob on the highway. H pain, pen (dim. of pain), s.f.
A goad.
H painh, = H pai,
[pe, q.v.+S. ], s.m. Road, way, path, H pi`u, pi`, piy [Prk.
track:pai mrn, v.n. To stop a road; to , or ; S. ], adj. & s.m.=piy;
rob on the highway. priya; qq.v.

H p [S. +], s.f. Fried H pi`u [Prk. ; S. +], s.m.

sweet balls (given to lying-in women; and also
to a bride and bridegroom as a strengthening
nostrum a day before the marriage).
H pai (dim. of pai),
s.f.=palai, q.v.
S pnas, s.m. Cold affecting the
nose; inflammation of the Schneiderian
membrane.
Father.
S pw, s.f. Water; drink.
S payo-dhar; see s.v. payas for
compounds of which the first member is payo.
S payora, payor, s.m. The tree
Acacia catechu.

H pnas, s.f. A palanquin (=plk); a S pwar, adj. Fat, stout, corpulent,

kind of boat, a pinnace (syn. bajr). large; thick, dense:pvar-stan, s.f. A woman
with large breasts; a cow with a large udder.
H paisah [Prk. ; S.
S pvar, vulg. pvr, s.f. The plant
], adj. Sixty-five.
Asparagus racemosus; Desmodium
Gangeticum.
H pensil, painsil (corr.
from the English), s.m. A pencil (lead or slate). H pev, pe`o, piy [S.
+, or ], s.f. Yellow chalk;
S pnas, adj. Having a cold.
yellow colour (said to be obtained from the
urine of a cow fed on the flowers of Butea
H pnak (from pn; cf. P. pnag), frondosa, or, according to others, on the leaves
s.f. Intoxication, stupor, drowsiness, heaviness of the mango tree).
(of the eyes, from opium, &c.).
H pys, peys [S. ,
H pai-ka, paik, ], s.m. The milk of a cow during the first
s.m.=paika, q.v.s.v. pai;the rope which seven days after calving, biestings; any thick
fastens the two fore-legs of an animal together. fluid, cream, juice;the food of the gods,
ambrosia, nectar.
H peg, png [S. ], s.f.
Swinging; the exertion made by two people in a P paiwast (contrac. of paiwasta), part. adj.
swing when they keep the swing in motion Joined, &c. (see paiwasta;s.f. Junction,
without the aid of others;the ropes of a

646
conjunction, connection, &c. (=paiwastag, H pwanau, v.t. (Braj.)=pn, q.v.
q.v.).

P paiwastag, s.f. Junction, connection, H pi`uhar, s.m.=phar, q.v.

union, adhesion, contiguity, closeness,
coherence, continuity; close intimacy, S payah, s.m.=payas, q.v.
attachment, friendship.
P ph [Z. pivah; S. pvas], s.f. Fat, grease,
P paiwasta [part. of paiwastan; and=Zend
tallow.
paiti+basta; S. ], part. adj. Joined,
contiguous, adjacent, touching, sticking close, H piya, adj. & s.m.=piy, q.v.
firmly united, inseparable; absorbed;
successive, continued without interruption;
adv. Always, continually, uninterruptedly; H phar [or pi`uhar, Prk. ; [S.
s.m. The year before last:paiwasta-br, adj. +], s.m. 'Father's home'; wife's father's
& s.m. Having the eyebrows joined;one house or family (syn. ma`ik).
whose eyebrows meet.
P pai-ham, adv. Successively, one close
H pews, or pe`os [S. +], upon another, close together, thick.
s.f. Biestings (=pys, q.v.).
H ph, s.m. A flea (=piss).
S pysh, peysh, s.m. See
pys. H paiy, s.m. See paiy;an
allowance of half an n on each rupee of
H pwakka, pewakka revenue set apart for the pawr or village
[pw(n)+S. redupl.+], s.m. Drinker, accountant.
tippler, toper.
H pa`n, s.m. A switch, a walking
H pwant [Prk. ; S. ], cane or stick (=p`).
part. adj. Drinking.
H pyu, py, adj. & s.m. pi`u;
P paiwand [Zend paiti+bada; S. ], piy, q.v.
part. adj. (used in comp.), Joined, connected; H pys, peys, = S
joining, connecting, &c. (=paiwasta);s.m. pysh, peysh, See pys, and
Junction, conjunction, addition; connection, pysh.
relation; relationship;joint, join, piece, patch;
graft; bud:paiwand-kr, s.m. Patcher;
cobbler; grafter:paiwand-kr, s.f. Patching; S pysh, peysh, = H
cobbling; grafting:paiwand karn or kar-den pys, peys, See pys, and
(-k), To join (to), to make (a person or thing) a pysh.
piece (of); to bury (the word zamn being
expressed, e.g. mujhe jt-h zamn-k paiwand
S peya, adj. & s.m. Suitable or fit to be
kar-do):paiwand lagn (-me), To put a
piece (in or on); to add a piece (to), to patch; to taken or drunk, drinkable;water, milk, any
graft; to inoculate (a tree):paiwand hona or drink.
ho-jn (-k), To be joined (to), to become a
piece, part or parcel (of); to be interred (e.g. jab H pe`, pey [S. ], s.f. A
we zamn-k paiwand ho-jwe). small basket; portmanteau; box, chest.

P paiwand, adj. & s.m. Patched, pieced;

grafted, engrafted;an engrafted tree;a
hybrid, mongrel; a bastard;a peach:
paiwand gud, s.f. A patched covering or
gabardine:paiwand mhe, s.f. Whiskers
that join and are twisted in the beard in the form
of a circle on the cheek (syn. gal-muhe). H te; ta: The fourth letter of
the Urd or Hindstn alphabet, and the

647
sixteenth consonant of the Ngar or Hind, conj. Yet, nevertheless, still (=tau bh):t
the first letter of the fourth or dental class, the hanoz, adv. Yet, still, hitherto, till now; till.
sound of which is more dental than the P tb [Pehl. tp; Z. tpa; S. , rt. ], s.f.
English t: When used numerically, according to
Heat, warmth; burning, inflaming; pain,
the abjad (q.v.), te stands for 400:ta-kr, s.m.
affliction, grief; anger, indignation, wrath, rage;
The letter or sound t:ta-varg, vulg. ta-barg,
light, radiance, lustre, splendour; strength,
s.m. The dental class of letters in
power, ability, capability; endurance,
the Ngar alphabet.
brooking;bending, twisting (by heat); bend,
S ta, s.m. A tail, the breast; the womb; the twist, contortion; curling, curl;(as last
hip or flank; a warrior; a thief; a wicked man; member of compounds), part. adj. Burning,
an outcast, a barbarian; a jewel; nectar; a inflaming, kindling; shining, irradiating;
tree;passing, crossing. turning, twisting, folding:tb-till, s.f.
A ta, insep. prep., By (occurring only in the Induration or enlargement of the spleen
oath ta`llhi 'by God'). attended with or preceded by fever (=tp-till,
H ti [S. ], adj. Three (common in Braj; q.v.s.v. tp):tb-dr, adj. Warm, hot,
burning; shining, bright, luminous; twisted,
but in Hind and Urd used chiefly as first
waving, curling:tb-dn, s.m. A passage for
member of compounds, e.g. ti-br, 'thrice'; ti-
light, opening in a wall; lattice, window;
gu, 'three-fold').
skylight:tb den, v.t. To inflame; to
H ti, = brighten, polish; to sharpen; to twist:tb
H t, [Prk. , , (hi being the rahn (-ko), To be able to bear, to have patience
gen. or obl. suff., and omitted in Hind); (with, -par; syn. taammul ho-sakn):tb-
istn, s.m. Hot weather, summer:tb-istn,
S. ], Inflected bases (in Braj) of the sing. adj. Of summer; like summer; pleasant as
of the pers. pron. of the third person, summer:tb-tqat, s.f. Power, ability:tb
corresponding to the Hind us; tis; 'him, her, it' khn, v.n. To be twisted:tb ln (-k), To
(e.g. t-kau = us-k; t-k = tis-k; t-te or t- muster strength, endurance, or courage, &c.
te = tis-se). (for); to be able to bear:tb-nk, adj. Bright,
H t, = shining, brilliant, radiant; hot, passionate,
choleric:tb hon, v.n.=tb rahn, q.v.
H ti, [Prk. , , (hi being the
H tb, s.m. See tba.
gen. or obl. suff., and omitted in Hind); P tbn (imperf. part. of tftan; see tb),
S. ], Inflected bases (in Braj) of the sing. adj. Hot, burning; light, luminous, shining,
of the pers. pron. of the third person, radiant, brilliant, resplendent, glittering.
corresponding to the Hind us; tis; 'him, her, it' P tbn, s.f. Light, brilliance, splendour.
(e.g. t-kau = us-k; t-k = tis-k; t-te or t- H tb-dn, s.m. See s.v. tb.
te = tis-se). H tba-to, adv. One upon
P t [Z. yatha; S. ], adv. To, until, as far another, one after another, in succession,
as; as long as, whilst; even to; in order (that), to successively; repeatedly; in confusion or
the end (that); in such a manner (that);intj. disorder, helter-skelter; immediately,
Look! behold! take care! beware!:t-ba-zst, straightway, forthwith.
adv. While life remains:t-ba-kuj, adv. How P tb-istn, s.m. See s.v. tb.
far? whither? how long? till when?:t-ba-kai, P tbish, s.f. Heat; grief, sorrow; brilliancy,
adv. Till what time? to what extent? to what splendour, twisting; contortion.
length? when? how much? how many?:t- A tbe` (act. part. of ' to follow'), part.
and, adv. How many? how long? by how adj. & s.m. Following, dependent (on, -ke),
much?:t-and br, adv., How many times? subject (to, -ke), loyal, obedient, in the
how often?:t-unn, adv. Hitherto, thus obedience (of), in submission (to);follower,
far:t-l, adv. Up to the present time, till dependant, servant, slave; subordinate:
now, hitherto, yet:t-dam-e-zst, adv. While tbe`dr (common, though ungrammatical),
life remains:t-zindag, adv. During life:t- adj. & s.m. Dependent; obedient, subject (to),
kuj, adv.=t-ba-kuj, q.v.:t-ki, t-ke, adv. submissive;follower, dependant; servant, &c.
So that, in order that, to the end that; as long as, (=tbe`);tbe`-dr bann, tbe`-dr karn,
until, so long;whither?:t-kai, adv.=t-ba- v.t. To make an adherent or follower (of), to
kai, q.v.:t-maqdr, t-ba-maqdr, adv. To make one submissive or obedient, to bring
the extent of (one's) power, to the utmost or the under control or subjection:tbe`-dr, s.f.
best of (one's) ability, as much as possible Dependance; obedience, submission, control,
(syn. atta`l-maqdr; maqdr-bhar):t-ham, subjection, service, allegiance, loyalty,
fidelity:tbe` rahn(-ke), To remail under

648
subjection (to); to be submissive (to), &c.: S tp, adj. & s.m. Heated, glowing;
tbe karn, v.t. To control, subject, &c. oppressed by heat; suffering from disease
(see tbe`-dr bann). (moral or physical);anything heated or
A tbe`n (obl. Ar. pl. of tbe`) s.m. glowing.
Followers, attendants, companions (particularly
S tp, s.f. Name of the Surt river
those Musalmn doctors who followed the
immediate ab or companions of the prophet (also called Tpt);a name of the Jamn river.
Mohammad). S tpya, s.m. A mineral substance,
P tb-nk, adj. See s.v. tb. sulphuret of iron (said to be obtained from the
P tbandag (abst. s. fr. next, q.v.), s.f. river Tp).
Brightness, luminousness, lustre, splendour. S tta, vulg. tt, adj. & s.m. Revered,
P tbanda (imperf. part of tftan; see tb),
part. adj. Bright, shining, luminous, respected; venerable; dear;father; a term of
sparkling:tbanda hon, v.n. To shine, affection or endearment addressed to any
sparkle. person (esp. to a junior or inferior, as to a child
A tbt (orig. tawabt, or pupil);intj. My dear!:tt-mt, tt-mtu,
or tbuwat, rt. ), s.m.f. A bier; coffin; an s.m. Father and mother, parents.
oblong case placed over a grave; a wooden box H tt, =
or chest; the ark of the covenant (presented by B tt, [Prk. and ;
God to Adam, and which, according to
Mohammadans, contained the portraits of all S. and +, part. of rt. ], adj Heated,
the prophets); a representation or model of the warmed; hot, warm; heating (cf. tatt).
mausoleum of Husain (carried in procession in H tt, =
the Moharram); a tax levied on Mohammadans
(under the Maraha government) for H tt, [Prk. and ;
permission to carry the tbt in the S. and +, part. of rt. ], adj Heated,
Moharram:tbt-gar, s.m. A coffin-maker, warmed; hot, warm; heating (cf. tatt).
undertaker.
H tt-tha`, =
P tba (rel. n. from tb, q.v.), s.m. A frying-
pan; a skillet. H tt-tha`iy, [tt =
S tp, s.m. Warmth, heat, burning; S. + +th` = thp = thp, q.v.+S. ],
fever (com. tap); affliction, pain, sorrow, s.f. Beating time (in music or dancing).
distress; passion:tp-till, s.f. Induration or
H tt-tha`iy, =
enlargement of the spleen attended with or
preceded by fever; splenitis, ague-cake (=tb- H tt-tha`, [tt =
till):tp-hand, s.m. 'Fever and shivering,' S. + +th` = thp = thp, q.v.+S. ],
ague:tp-hr, s.m. Remover of sorrow or
s.f. Beating time (in music or dancing).
distress, an epithet of a deity.
P ttr, s.m. A Tartar; the Tartars;
P tpk, s.m.=tapk (the more com. form,
Tartary.
q.v.).
P ttr, adj. Of or belonging to Tartary;
S tpit, part. Heated, inflamed; Tartaric, Scythian;s.m.f. An agreeable
distressed, pained. friend;s.f. A kind of slashed doublet open at
S tpas, adj. & s.m. Performing the sides (usually worn by the Tartars); fine
penance, practising austerities; devout;a musk.
practiser of religious austerities, a devotee, H tt-parj, = S tt-
ascetic, hermit. parya, s.m. Aim, reference to an object; object,
S tpak, adj. & s.m. Heating, purpose, intent, design; meaning, scope,
burning, inflaming;fever, morbid heat. purport, drift, tenour; explanation; the
apprehension of an implied wish or thought;
S tpan, s.m. Heating, warming, need, occasion:tt-parya-yut, adj. Having an
burning, inflaming; distressing; the sun; name object or aim, &c.; pregnant with meaning.
of a division of hell. S tt-parya, = H tt-
H tpn [tp = S. (), caus. of parj, s.m. Aim, reference to an object; object,
rt. ;+n = an = Prk. =S.], v.t. purpose, intent, design; meaning, scope,
To heat, warm, warm oneself (at or over a fire, purport, drift, tenour; explanation; the
e.g. g tpn);v.n. To bask (in the sun or apprehension of an implied wish or thought;
before a fire). need, occasion:tt-parya-yut, adj. Having an
object or aim, &c.; pregnant with meaning.

649
S tt-klik, adj. Lasting that S tdtmya, s.m. Sameness of
time; lasting equally long; happening at that nature or character, identity, similarity,
time, simultaneous, contemporary; instantly likeness.
appearing (cf. ak). S t-dri, adj. Like that, such like;
H ttal [S. ], adj. Hot, warm like him or it, &c.
heating (prob. a Prk. form; cf. tt). A tdb [inf. n. ii of ' to discipline,'
H tti, tt, adj. (poetic &c.], s.f. Discipline, correction, amendment,
admonition, chastisement; erudition:tdb-
form)=tt, q.v.
na, s.m. A reformatory:tdb karn (-k),
S tak, s.m. An ornament for the To instruct, to teach good manners or
ear, a large sort of ear-ring (=tak). politeness; to discipline, correct, admonish,
A ta`assur [inf. n. v of ' to make a mark,' chastise.
&c.], s.m. Becoming marked or impressed, H & P tr [S. ; and cf. S. ], s.m.
receiving an impression; impression; Thread, string; the warp or threads extended
penetration. lengthwise in a loom; wire, cord, string of a
A tsr [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. The making an musical instrument; uninterrupted series, line,
impression; impression, effect; operation; continuation, succession; a letter-file; the
penetration (see asar):tsr karn (-me, electric telegraph (=r-barq); a telegraphic
or par), To make an impression (on), take effect message, telegram; a hair of a curl or ringlet;
(on), to influence:tsr kam karn (-k), To the hair-worm or guinea worm; the snout,
diminish the effect or the efficacy (of): sucking tube, or trunk of most winged insects;
tsrt, s.f. pl. (of tsr, q.v.). the antenn or feelers of prawns, flies, &c.; a
P tj (A. also tj, fr. the P.; old P. taka; bit, piece:tr bdhn (-ke), To continue or
Armen. thag), s.m. A crown, diadem, tiara; a repeat (an act) without interruption:tr-bijl,
high-crowned cap; crest, tuft, plume; comb (of s.f. Lightning-conductor;the electric spark:
a bird);a suit in cards:tj-bash, s.m. A tr-barq, s.f. The electric wire, electric
bestower of crowns, an emperor, a king:tj-e- telegraph; a telegram:tr bandhn or bandh-
aros or urs, s.m. The comb of a cock; the jn (-ke), To take place uninterruptedly or
cock's-comb flower, Amaranthus, orCelosia continuously (an act), to be continued or
cristata:tj-dr, adj. & s.m. Crowned, repeated without interruption:tr-patr, adj.
diademed; crested;a crowned head, king, Scattered, dispersed (=hin-bhinn):tr-tr,
sovereign:tj-dr, s.f. Royalty, sovereignty; adv. Piece by piece, piecemeal; distinctly; in
royal dignity:tj-war, adj. & s.m. Wearing a pieces or shreds, tattered and torn:tr-tr
crown, crowned;a king, prince:tj-war, boln, v.n. To speak in detail or distinctly:tr
s.f. Royalty, sovereignty. tr karn (-ke), To tear to pieces or into
A tjir, corr. tjar (act. part. of ' to shreds:tr n (-ke), To be broken in
traffic'), s.m. A merchant, trader. continuity; to be interrupted; to be disjointed; to
P tjwar, adj. & s.m. See s.v. j. be separated:tr-to, s.m. A kind of
P t (akin to Zend thwakhsh; S. tvaksh; needlework, open work; pulling out some
cf. tat), s.m. Fire-wood; a veil; darkness. threads, &c.:tr-n, s.m.=tr-ghar,
P tt [Pehl. tkht; Zend rt. tac; S. q.v.:tr-shumr, s.f. A kind of needlework,
rt. ta], s.m. Assault, attack; invasion, any fine cloth run with gold or silver thread:
incursion, inroad:tt-trj, tt-o-trj, tr-e-`ankabt, s.m. Cobweb:tr-kash, s.m.
s.m. Assault and plunder, depredation, A drawer of gold or silver wire:tr-kash. s.f.
devastation, havoc, ravage:tt karn (- Wire-drawing; a kind of needlework (=tr-
par), To assault, attack, invade; to lay waste, shumr);tr-ghar, s.m. Telegraph office:
ravage:tt ln (-par), To lead an attack tr lagn (-ke) = tr bdhn, q.v.:tr
(upon), to attack, invade, &c. nikaln (-k), To find or obtain a clue (to):
A ta`aur [inf. n. v of ' to keep or tr-yantra, s.m. A telegraph machine.
hold back,' &c.], s.m. Delay, &c. S tra, vulg. tr, s.m. A shrill loud
(see tr);part. adj. Retarded. postponed; sound; a high note or tone (in music).
following.
P tr [Zend tthra, rt. tam = S. ], adj. &
A tr [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Delay,
procrastination; postponement; impediment: s.m. Dark, obscure (see trk and tra);
tr karn (-me), To delay, procrastinate; to darkness, obscurity;top, summit, head or
postpone; to retard. highest part (of anything), crown (of the
head);cf. S. , rt. ).
P tr, s.m.=t, q.v.

650
H tr [S. (for )+; and sophist; a follower of one of the six schools of
Hind philosophy.
S. fem.], s.m. A star; planet; falling star,
H trkun, s.m. (?) Name of the
meteor; the pupil of the eye:tr-baras, s.m.
A sidereal year:tr-path, s.m. The path of secondary form () of the letter .
the stars, the atmosphere, firmament, heaven or S tra, and H. tran, adj. &
the sky:tr n, v.n. A star to shoot, a s.m. Causing or enabling to cross; helping over
meteor to fall:tr-din, s.m.=tr-kl, q.v.: a difficulty, &c.; liberating, saving;who or
tr bn, v n A star or planet to set:tr- what causes or enables to cross, one who
kl, s.m. Sidereal time:tr-grah, s.m. 'Star- delivers, deliverer, saviour; a raft, float; the
planet,' one of the five lesser planets (exclusive bamboo framework of the roof of a house on
of the sun and moon):tr-ga, s.m. The which the thatch is laid;crossing, passing
starry host, the stars:tr-maal, s.m. The over, reaching the opposite shore; salvation,
starry region, the sphere of the stars, the deliverance:tra-tara, s.m. The saviour
firmament, sky, the visible heavens:tr and the saved:tra-krak, adj. & s.m.
hon or ho-jn, v.n. To become as a star, to Delivering, saving;deliverer, saviour:
appear as small as a star; to attain to a great tran-kart, s.m. Deliverer, saviour:tra
height, to reach or touch the sky:tro-bhar karn, v.t. To enable to cross; to save,
rt, s.f. A starry night:tro-k hn, s.m. &c.=trn, q.v.:tra-hr, adj. &
Dawn, day-break:tre ton, v.n. To impose s.m.=tra-krak, q.v.
(upon), to practise deceit:tre dikh` den,
v.n. To see lights or stars dancing before the H trn [tr = Prk. () or ();
eyes (as after a knock, or through debility, S. (), rt. ], v.t. To enable (one) to
&c.):tre khiln, tre ugn, v.n.=tre cross; to free, rid (of); to deliver, save; to
nikaln, q.v.:tre ginn, v.n. To count the absolve from sin; to exempt from further
stars, to get no sleep, to be wakeful:tre transmigration.
nikaln, v.n. The stars to come out
S trin (see tr), s.f. Deliverer,
P trj, s.m. Plunder, pillage, devastation
(see tt). saviour; a form of the goddess Durg; name of
a kind of goddess with Buddhists and Jains.
H trpn (corr. from the English),
S truya, s.m. Youth,
s.m. Turpentine.
youthfulness.
S tratamya, s.m. Gradation,
H tr, s.m.=tl, q.v.
proportion, the state or condition of more or
less; distinction, discrimination. P & H tra, s.m.=tr, q.v.
S trak, s.m. Deliverer, saviour, S tr, adj. & s.m. (f. -in), Enabling or
protector, preserver;a star; the pupil of the causing to get over or across; saving;saviour,
eye. deliverer (=tra).
P trak, s.m. A hill; heap; head, top, H tr, tri, s.f. A key, &c. (=tl,
summit; the crown (of the head=tr, q.v.). q.v.);absence of mind, abstraction, absorption
A trik (act. part of ' to abandon,' &c.), in thought or devotion.
part. adj. & s.m. Leaving, forsaking, P tr (fr. tr), s.f. Darkness, &c. (=trk,
abandoning, relinquishing;a deserter: q.v.).
triku`d-duny, adj. & s.m. Abandoning the A tr [inf. n. ii of ' to date'; or,
world; abstinent, sober, chaste;an anchorite, a according to some, the Ar. form of Heb. or
recluse, hermit. Ch. 'a month'], s.f. Date, era, epoch; day (of a
S trika, vulg. trik, s.m. Fare, month); chronogram; chronicle, book of annals,
freight, toll for passage. history:tr ahn (-par), To put the date
S trak, trik, s.f. A star; (on), to date:tru`l-ijra, s.f. The era of
the Hijra:tr-wr, adv. According to date,
falling star, meteor; the pupil of the eye.
in chronological order; at stated periods,
S trksha, vulg. trksh, s.m. A kind periodically; daily.
of bird; a kind of plant; also=next, q.v. P trk [Pehl. trk; fr. Z. tthra, rt. tam =
S trkshya, s.m. A name of the S. tam], adj. Dark, obscure:trk-ashm, adj.
Dim-sighted, short-sighted; blind.
bird garu, q.v.
P trk, s.f. Darkness, obscurity.
S trkik, adj. & s.m. Related or
H t [S. ], s.m. The palmyra-tree
belonging to the science of reasoning or
or fan-palm, Borassus flabelliformis; the
logic;a dialectician, logician, philosopher,
tree Corypha taliera (the leaves of which are

651
used for writing upon):t-ban, s.m. A grove wrestling):t hokn, v.n. To slap the arms
of palmyra-trees:t-patra, vulg. t-pattar, in defiance:t-wl, s.m. The man who
s.m. The palm-leaf prepared for writing on; a climbs palmyra trees and extracts the juice or
document written on palm-leaves:t-phal, toddy from them.
s.m. The gelatinous pulp of the fruit of the P tz (rt. of ttan; see tt), adj.
palmyra tree. Running, hastening, &c. (used in comp.);s.f.
H t (v.n. of tn, q.v.), s.f. Running, race;assault, attack, invasion
(cf. tz):tz-o-tag, s.f. Labour and exertion,
Understanding, perception, apprehension,
toil and trouble (syn. dau-dhp).
cognizance:t-bz, adj. Of keen perception,
P tzag (abst. s. from next), s.f.
quick of apprehension, intelligent:t-bz,
Freshness, newness, novelty; renewal,
s.f. Quickness of apprehension, intelligence,
renovation, revival; fatness, plumpness, good
sharpness.
condition; tenderness; greenness; pleasure.
H tak (S. taka), s.m. Reprover, P tza [fr. taz; Zend taatan, rt. ta =
corrector, punisher, chastiser. S. ], adj. (f. -), Fresh, new, recent; young,
H tan, = tender; raw, green; fat, plump, in good
H tn, (S. tana), s.m. Striking, condition; well-off, prosperous; blooming;
pleased, happy:tza-ba-tza, adj. Fresh and
beating, whipping, chastising; correction,
blooming:tza-tawna, adj. Fresh and plump;
chastisement, punishment; penalty; admonition,
young and strong:tza-iyl, adj. & s.m.
reproof, rebuke:tan (or tn) karn (-ko,
Imagining something fresh or new;an
or -k), to reprove, rebuke, admonish; to
inventor:tza-dam, s.m. Fresh strength; good
correct, punish, &c.:tn, v.t. To reprove,
spirits, hilarity, cheerfulness;tza-dam hon,
&c. (=tan karn); to drive away, turn out.
v.n. To gain fresh strength, be refreshed; to be
H tn, = in good spirits, &c.:tza-kr, adj. & s.m.
H tan, (S. tana), s.m. Striking, Making fresh, making anew;beginner;
renewer:tza-kr, s.f. Fresh or new work;
beating, whipping, chastising; correction,
new building:tza karn, v.t. To make fresh,
chastisement, punishment; penalty; admonition,
freshen, refresh, recreate; to renew, renovate,
reproof, rebuke:tan (or tn) karn (-ko,
restore:tza wrid, s.m. New comer, new
or -k), to reprove, rebuke, admonish; to
arrival:tza-wilyat, s.m. New comer,
correct, punish, &c.:tn, v.t. To reprove, stranger, foreigner;simpleton, green-horn:
&c. (=tan karn); to drive away, turn out. tza hon (-se), To be refreshed (by), &c.
H tn [t = Prk. (), P tz (rel. n. from tz, q.v.), adj. & s.f. lit.
or ()=S. (), rt. ], v.t. To 'Invading, invader'; Arabian, Arab, Arabic;
fast-running, fleet;the Arabic language (=tz
understand, perceive, apprehend, comprehend; zabn); an Arab horse; a hunting dog,
to become aware of; to discover, find out; to
greyhound:tz-na, s.m. Dog-kennel:
judge, conceive; to conjecture, guess:t- tz kutt, s.m. A greyhound.
jn, v.n. To become aware, to apprehend,
&c.:t-len, v.t. To look into, examine, test; P tziyna (S. ++P. aff. na), s.m. A
to find out, &c. whip, scourge; flogging, corporal
H tank, = punishment:tziyna jan, tziyna
lagn, tziyna mrn, v.t. To lay the whip
H tang, (S. tanka), s.m. An on, to flog, to scourge.
ornament for the ear (=tank, q.v.). P tzk [tz+k = S. ], s.m. A man or a
H tang, = horse of Arab blood born and brought up in
H tank, (S. tanka), s.m. An another country; a horse of mixed breed.
ornament for the ear (=tank, q.v.). H & P ts [fr. S. , or ], s.m.
H tan, tn (S. tan), s.f. A Playing cards; a game at cards;cloth of gold,
brocade; gold foil, tinsel.
whip. A ta`assuf, vulg. tssuf [inf. n. v of ' to
H tanya, tnya (S. tanya), grieve'], s.m. Grieving, lamenting, pining,
adj. Deserving of punishment, correction, brooding over trouble or affliction; grief, regret,
admonition or reproof; punishable; reprovable. repentance (=afsos):ta`assuf karn, v.n. To
H t [S. ], s.f. The juice of the grieve, regret, &c.:ta`assuf khn (-se), To
feel regret (for), to sigh (over); to despair (of).
palmyra-tree, palm-wine, toddy;the hilt of a
A ta`assufa (acc. of ta`assuf), adv. With
dagger;slapping the arms in defiance (in
or in grief or regret; remorsefully.

652
H t, s.m.=ts, q.v. s.m. Thread, cord (also written dhg):tg-
to, s.m. Lace; edging; fringe:tg piron(-
H t (P. tsa), s.m. A hemi- me), To thread (a needle, &c.):tg ln (-
spherical drum. me), To put stitches (in), to stitch (anything
P & T tg, s.m. The poplar; the elm; the padded, as a quilt, &c.):g-tg len (-k),
tamarisk; a pomegranate; an ensign-staff. To look closely (into or after), to scrutinize; to
P tfta [perf. part. of tftan; Pehl. tpta; attend (to), entertain (a guest, &c.); to question
Zend tafta, rt. tap; S. tpita], s.m. lit. 'Twisted; closely; to call to account.
woven; heated,' &c.; a kind of silk, taffeta; a H tg, =
glossy cream colour (as in pigeons and horses).
T tq (P. dg, q.v.), adj. & s.m. Defective H tg, [S. ++; or +],
(horse), having the eyes of two different s.m. Thread, cord (also written dhg):tg-
colours;a horse with such eyes;s.f. A kind to, s.m. Lace; edging; fringe:tg piron(-
of hat. me), To thread (a needle, &c.):tg ln (-
H tk (v.n. fr. tkn, q.v.), s.f. Look, me), To put stitches (in), to stitch (anything
regard, glance, gaze; fixed look, stare; peep, padded, as a quilt, &c.):g-tg len (-k),
watch, look-out, expectation; view, aim, the act To look closely (into or after), to scrutinize; to
of aiming (at); pointing (of a dog, &c.):tk-- attend (to), entertain (a guest, &c.); to question
tk, s.f. Mutual gazing or staring, exchange of closely; to call to account.
glances; bo-peep:tk-bk, s.f. Precise H tg, s.m. A poll-tax.
moment, nick of time:tk-bdhn (-par), To H tg [tga, q.v.+ =
fix the gaze (on), look fixedly (at); to take aim
(at); to point (as a dog, &c.); to look longingly Prk. =S. +], s.f. The thread which
(at), to covet:tk-par n (-k), To come in Hinds (esp. children) fasten round the waist.
expectation (of), to come with an eye (to): H tgn (from tg), v.t. To thread (a
tk-jhk, s.f.=tk:tk lagn (-par) = tk
needle).
bdhn, q.v.:tk-lag`e baithn, tk-me
rahn (-k), To be on the look out or watch S tla, vulg. tl, s.m. The palmyra-tree
(for), to lie in wait (for). or fan-palm (=t, q.v.);clapping the hands
P tk (S. ), s.f. A vine; creeper; branch together; slapping the hands on the arms in
defiance (in wrestling=t, q.v.); beating time
of any tree growing like a vine; grapes.
(in music); musical time or measure; chime; a
H tkn [tk = Prk. (), musical instrument of bell-metal or brass, a sort
or ()=S. (), rt. ], v.t. To look of cymbal (played with a stick); a pair of
at, view, gaze on, behold; to stare at; to watch cymbals;the glass or pebble of an eye-
for;v.n. To peep, spy, watch; to aim (at, - glass:tlkhy (la+kh), s.f. A sort of
par). vegetable perfume (=tl-par):tl-be-tl,
P t-ki, conj.; see s.v. t. adv. Out of tune:tl-patra, s.m. The palm-
A tkd [inf. n. ii of for ' to leaf (=t -patra, q.v.);a hollow cylinder of
correspond (to),' &c.], s.f. Confirmation, gold (or a palm-leaf used as a substitute), with
ascertaining, strengthening, corroboration; or without a ring attached, and thrust through
stress, emphasis; injunction, order; reminder; the lobe of the ear as an ornament:tl-pa n,
pressure, compulsion; strict or close s.f. A sort of anise, Anethum graveolens; a kind
superintendence:tkd karn, v.t. To enjoin of vegetable perfume:tl-pushpak, s.m. A
strictly, to urge, press, insist on; to ascertain; to medicinal application to the eyes:tl
caution:tkd karwan, v.t. To cause attention hokn, v.n. To slap the arms defiantly (in
to be drawn to; to draw attention to (an order, wrestling=t hokn):tl-jangha, adj. &
&c.). s.m. Having legs as long as a palm-tree;name
A tkda (acc. of tkd), adv. By way of of a Rkshas; of aDaitya; of certain princes:
confirmation or corroboration; strongly, tl den, v.t. To chime; to slap the arms (=tl
urgently, emphatically, strictly, positively, hokn):tl-se be-tl hon, v.n. To get, or to
peremptorily; as a reminder. be, out of tune:tl mrn, v.n.=tl hokn,
A tkd, adj. Corroborative; urgent, q.v.:tl-makhn, s.m. The medicinal
pressing; emphatic, positive, peremptory; herb Barleria (or Asteracantha) longifolia; the
furnishing positive injunctions or directions (as seeds of Solanum indicum (see makhn):tl-
a letter, &c.). ml, s.f. The plant Curculigo orchioides:tl-
H tg, = mel, s.m. Harmony, agreement, accord, &c.
(=ittifq, q.v.);tl-mel khn, v.n. To be in
H tg, [S. ++; or +], harmony, to agree, &c. (=ittifq hon):tla-

653
vrinta, tl-vrint, s.m. A palm-leaf used as a fan;S tl, adj. & s.m. Furnished with
a fan. cymbals; a person furnished with cymbais; an
H tl [S. ], s.m. Pond, pool, tank, epithet of iva.
lake (=tlb). S tl, s.f. A sort of instrument for
H tl [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. opening a door; a key;the tree Corypha
Look, padlock:tl bhin, v.n. To be locked taliera; a species of the mountain-palm; the
up, to be closed (a house or shop):tl plant Flacourtia cataphracta.
ton (-k), To break open or to force a lock; to H tl [S. ], s.f. Clapping the
break into (a house):tl jan (-me), To put hands; tl-bajn, tl pn, tl mrn, v.n.
a padlock (on), to fasten with a padlock (=qufl To clap the hands (in order to attract attention,
lagn):tl lagn, v.n.=tl bhin. or in approbation, or in delight, or in derision);
P tlb [S. ], s.m. Pond, pool, tank, to beat time by clapping the hands; to rejoice; to
reservoir of water (=tal`o; cf. tl). applaud; to deride, ridicule, to hoot:tl ek
hth-se bajn, lit. 'A clapping to be produced
S tlkhy (tla+khy), s.f.
with one hand'; an impossibility to be
See s.v. tl. attempted: tl ek hth-se (or ek hth-se
H tlw, tl`o, s.m.=tlb, q.v. tl) nah bajt, prov., It takes two hands to
H tlis-patr, = clap, 'it takes two to make a quarrel.'
H tli- A tlf [inf. n. ii of ' to cleave to,' 'to
like,' &c.], s.f. Uniting, connecting, bringing
patr, [S. + ], s.f. The together; uniting in friendship, reconciling;
plant Flacourtian cotaphracta (the leaves and conciliating, winning;collecting, compiling;
young shoots of which are bitter and astringent, compilation, composition;tlf-e-qulb, s.f.
have the taste of rhubarb, and are considered Uniting hearts in friendship; conciliating or
stomachic, and given in diarrha, dysentery, winning hearts, or the art of doing so:tlf
fevers, and even in consumption). karn, v.t. To unite in friendship, to reconcile;
H tli-patr, = to conciliate, win;to compile, compose (a
book, &c.).
H tlis- H tlqa, s.m. corr. of ta`lqa, q.v.
patr, [S. + ], s.f. The S tlyak, s.m. A cymbal.
plant Flacourtian cotaphracta (the leaves and H tm [Prk. =S. ], s.m. Copper
young shoots of which are bitter and astringent,
have the taste of rhubarb, and are considered (=tb,used chiefly in comp.):tm-n,
stomachic, and given in diarrha, dysentery, s.f. Enamelled copper.
fevers, and even in consumption). A tmm, vulg. tm (part. n. of ' to become
complete'), adj. Complete, entire, whole, full;
S tlak, s.m. A bolt, latch; a padlock perfect, consummate.
(=tl, q.v.). H tm [Prk. =S. ], s.m.
S tlika, vulg. tlik, s.m. Clapping Copper.
the hands together (=tl). H tmb, =
S tlik, s.f. The palm of the hand.
H tmb, s.m.=tm,
A ta`allum [inf. n. v of ' to be in pain'],
s.m. Pain, torment; grief, sorrow; melancholy. and tm (see tb, the more correct form).
H tlu, tl [S. ], s.m. The H tmb, =
palate, the ridge or slit in the roof of the H tmb, s.m.=tm,
mouth;the membraneous part found in new- and tm (see tb, the more correct form).
born infants at the coronal and sagittal
H tmb, s.m.=tb, q.v.
commissures;a disorder in horses, the
lampreys:tl uhn (-k), To raise the S tmbl, s.m. The leaf of the
uvula (of a new-born infant):tl-se zabn na Piper betel (=pn);the areca nut:tmbl-
lagn, v.n. To talk without ceasing. rg, s.m. A kind of pulse, Ervum lens:
S tlshak, s.m. The palate tmbl-vall, s.f. The Piper betel (bearing a
(=tl). pungent leaf).
S tlavya, adj. Relating to the S tmbl, s.f. Betel-leaf
(=tmbl).
palate, palatal:tlavya-var, s.m. A palatal
letter.

654
S tmbl, s.m. The Pn-bearer, a H tmas [S. ], s.m. Darkness,
servant who prepares and presents the pn; a ignorance, illusion, error; anger, irascibility,
seller of betel (=tambol, q.v.). &c. (cf. next).
H tm-jhm, s.m. A rough kind S tmisra, s.m. The dark half of
of sedan chair carried by two men, a 'tonjon' the month from full moon to new moon;
(see thm-jn). anger, wrath, indignation;a division of hell,
S tmrku, s.m. Name of one of that of deep gloom.
the eighteen divisions of the known continent. H tmas, tms [S. ],
S tmaras, vulg. tmras, s.m. A adj.=tmas, q.v.
A ta`ammul, vulg. tmmul [inf. n. v
red-coloured lotus; copper; gold.
of ' to hope for'], s.m. Careful consideration,
S tmaras, vulg. tmras, s.f. A meditation, reflection, deliberation; deliberate
pond full of lotus-flowers. action, pausing, hesitation, cautious procedure;
S tmrik, adj. & s.m. Coppery, disinclination, scruple:ta`ammul karn (-
made of copper;a coppersmith, brazier. me), To consider carefully, to reflect,
deliberate; to act or proceed with deliberation
S tmrik, s.f. A coppersmith's
(in), to pause, to hesitate, &c.
wife;a kind of clepsydra (=tmr, q.v.).
S tmalak, vulg. tmalk, s.f.
S tmra, adj. & s.m. Of a coppery red
The tree Flacourtia cataphracta.
colour;coppery, consisting of copper; H tmle, tmlai (corr. from the English),
copper; a dark or coppery red;a kind of s.m. Tumbler, drinking glass.
sandal-wood (said to be of a dark red colour
H tmesvar, =
and to smell like the lotus):tmra-paa, s.m.
A copper plate (on which Hind grants of land, H tmevar, [S. ], s.m.
&c. are frequently inscribed):tmra-pushp, Calx or scori of copper.
s.m. A copper-coloured or red flower; the H tmevar, =
plant Bauhinia variegata, or a kind of ebony;
the plant Kmpferia rotunda:tmra-pushp, H tmesvar, [S. ], s.m.
s.f. The trumpet-flower, Bignonia Calx or scori of copper.
suaveolens:tmra-pushp, s.f. Idem; H t, adv., corr. of tah, q.v.
also Lythrum fruticosum:tmra-phal, s.m.
The tree Alangium hexapetalum:tmra-sr, S tn, s.f. A tone; a tune; the key-note
s.m. A red kind of sandal, Pterospermum (in music);stretching, tension; knitting (the
santolinum:tmra-kr, s.m. A coppersmith; a eyebrows);a thread; a stretched or tight cord
brazier:tmra-kar, s.f. Name of the female or rope; a rigid rod or bar, a tie-rod (as the rods
elephant of the western quarter:tmra-garbh, which give fixity to the poles of a plk, or the
s.m. Sulphate of copper, blue vitriol:tmra- iron bar of a cart, or across a bedstead):tn
vriksh, s.m. A red sort of sandal wood; the un, tn ton, v.n. To beat time; to strike up
plant Dolichos uniflorus:tmra-var, s.t. a tune; to strike the key-note;to crack a joke;
The China rose; the blossom of sesamum: to drop a word which induces conversation or
tmra-vall, s.f. The plant Rubia mungista, excites a quarrel; to animadvert:tn jon,
Bengal madder:tmra-vj, s.m. A kind of v.n. To strike up a tune; to sing or play in
vetch, Dolichos uniflorus. tune;to poke fun (at), to crack a joke
S tmr, s.f. A copper or metallic cup (=hah mrn):tn len, v.n. To pitch or
to catch the key-note; to tune.
of prescribed capacity and perforated by a small
hole at the bottom (when placed in a vessel of H tn [S. ?], s.f. The
water it answers the purpose of a clepsydra, and plant Verbena (or Zepania) nodiflora.
the water gradually filling it marks the time that H tn [S. +, rt. ], s.m. The
has elapsed).
threads that are extended lengthwise upon a
H tm, s.m.=tb, q.v. loom, the warp:tn-bn, s.m. Warp and
S tmas, adj. & s.m. Dark; affected woof:tn-bn karn, v.n. To fidget, to
dance attendance:tne tann (-ke), To set or
by or appertaining to the third quality or that of
dispose the warp (of a piece of cloth); to
darkness (vice, ignorance, &c.); inert; stupid,
weave;to wander hither and thither without
ignorant; vicious, vindictive; irascible;
profit; to plan and exert oneself to no purpose.
malignant;a malignant or mischievous
person, a villain, &c. H tn, s.m. corr. of ta`na, q.v.

655
H tn [contrac. of t`on = tpn, H tsn [ts = S. (),
q.v.], v.t. To heat; to raise heat (by blowing caus. or rt. ], v.t. To terrify, alarm, frighten;
with bellows, &c.); to anneal, to temper; to
to threaten, menace; to treat with severity.
melt, fuse; to twist (by heating=t`o den); to
prove, test, assay. H tg [S.+], s.m. A small
H tb [S. ], s.m.=next, q.v. two-wheeled car (without covering, and on
which one person only can sit), a 'tonga':
H tb [Prk. =S. ], s.m. tg-suwr, s.m. One who rides on a tg.
Copper:tba-kr, s.m. A coppersmith, H tnn [tn = Prk. (),
brazier:tbe-k rupaiy, s.m. A copper
rupee, a bad rupee:tba-garbh, s.m. or ()=S. (), caus. of rt. ], v.t.
Sulphate of copper, blue vitriol. To extend, stretch, expand; to pull, pull over (as
H tb [corr. of ' to`ma], s.m. The a sheet, &c.); to tighten; to contract; knit (the
food of hawks and other birds of chase. brow); to pitch (a tent); to string up, to hang; to
send in succession (as letters, &c.); to bring
H tb [Prk. ;
before (a magistrate), to sue;v.n. To lie full
S. ++], adj. & s.m. Copper-coloured, length; to sleep; to die:tn-den, v.t.
dark red (e.g. tb ma, 'red earth'); intensive of tnn.
copper-colour (in pigeons, &c.); a copper- H t`, s.m.=t`, q.v.
coloured gem of inferior value; a false stone
H twar, s.m. Copper (=tb,
resembling a ruby;a bald head.
q.v.).
H tt [S. ], s.f. Thread, fibre,
P & H tna, s.m.=tn, q.v.
&c.; catgut, sinew; wire; string of a musical
H tn [rt. of tnn+S. ], s.f. The
instrument;a loom:tt bj aur rg
bjh, lit. 'The string sounded and he knew the warp (=tn, q.v.);price paid for weaving:
tune'; he understood from the first word:tt tn-tn, s.m. The warp and the woof.
A ta`ann [inf. n. v of ' to draw near'], s.f.
bdhn (-k), To silence an idle talker.
Waiting; delay, procrastination.
S tt [S. +], s.m. Series, row, A tns [inf. n. ii of ' to be feminine'],
range, line, string, train; race, posterity, s.f. The feminine gender.
generation. H t` [S. +], s.m. Father's elder
S tntrik, adj. & s.m. Relating to brother, paternal uncle;an elder, superior;
the Tntras; taught or contained in the Tntras; an astute fellow, a knave.
following the Tntras;one who is completely H & P t`o, tv [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
versed in any science or system; a scholar; a
philosopher. Heating (metals, &c.); heat, fusion; proof, trial,
assay; passion, wrath, rage; strength, power;
S tntra, adj. & s.m. Having wires or speed; splendour, dignity (these five meanings
strings (as a musical instrument);the music of are peculiar to the Persian tv, which, as regards
a stringed instrument. the first three, is related to the
H tt, s.f.=tnt, q.v. Sanskrit tavs);turning or twisting (metals,
orig. by heating); contortion, twist, coil, curl,
H tt [S. +], s.m. A weaver. roll, fold; a sheet of paper:t`oband, s.m.
H t, s.m. commonly , q.v. Name of a powder or substance which, mixed
with gold or silver, prevents the detection of
S tav, =
adulteration:t`o-bh`o, adj. & adv. Very
H tav, s.m. Dancing (esp. with little:t`o den (-ko), To heat; to anneal; to
violent gesticulation); the frantic dance of the melt, fuze;to twist (cord, &c.), to curl or twist
god iva and his votaries. (the mustache, &c.):t`o khn, v.n. To be
H tav, = heated, be made red hot; to be overdone, be
scorched or burnt; to be overheated (as the
S tav, s.m. Dancing (esp. with blood); to be inflamed, be enraged.
violent gesticulation); the frantic dance of the H tw, s.m.=taw, q.v.
god iva and his votaries.
A ta`annus [inf. n. v of ' to be familiar,' P twn (S. , rt. ), s.m.
&c.], s.m. Acquaintance; familiarity; becoming Satisfaction, compensation, amends,
domesticated and tame (as an animal). recompense, retaliation; penalty, forfeit, fine,
mulct; fine for bloodshed (opp. to qi,
q.v.);debt; a loan:twn bdhn, twn

656
lagn, twn len, v.n. To fine, mulct, H t` (fem. of ty = t`), s.f. The
amerce:twn diln (-ko), To cause
wife of a father's elder brother; paternal uncle's
compensation to be made, to adjudge
wife; a term of respectful compellation or
damages:twn den (-ko), To make amends,
mention of a female generally.
pay a penalty.
P twn, s.f. Compensation, &c. H t` (see taw), s.f. An earthen
(=twn). frying-pan.
S twat, adj. & adv. So great; so A t`d [inf. n. ii of ' to become strong'],
s.f. Strengthening; corroboration, confirmation;
much, so many; such; so far, so long;so
assisting; assistance, help, aid, support; a
greatly, to such an extent; until.
written voucher in support (of a claim):t`d
H twal, s.f. = H t`ol, karn (-k), To strengthen, corroborate,
adj. (prov.) = utwal; utwal; qq.v.;t`ol, confirm; to assist, aid, support:t`d-navs,
adv. Rapidly, fast, quick. s.m. An assistant clerk, a private assistant.
H t`ol, adj. = H twal, A t`dt (pl. of t`d), s.m. Helps, aids,
&c.
s.f. (prov.) = utwal; utwal; qq.v.;t`ol,
adv. Rapidly, fast, quick. H , t`er [S. ++],
H twaliy, s.m.=t`ol; utwal, adj. (f. -), Pertaining to, or related to, or
descended from a father's elder brother:t`er
q.v.
bh`, s.m. Father's elder brother's son,
H t`on [t`o = Prk. (), cousin:t`er bahin, s.f. Father's elder
or ()=S. (), caus. of rt. ], brother's daughter, cousin.
v.t.=tn, q.v. H t`, s.f.=t`;postpn.=ta`; qq.v.
A twl [inf. n. ii of ' to revert,' &c.], s.f. H tab [Prk. or ; S. ], adv. &
Explanation, exposition, elucidation,
conj. Then, at that time; afterwards; thereupon;
interpretation; paraphrase; turning (language)
therefore, hence:tab-bh, adv. Even then, then
from the obvious meaning, interpreting in a
too; still, nevertheless, notwithstanding that:
manner not according to the obvious
tab-tak, tab-talak, adv. Till then, up to that
meaning:twl karn (-k), To explain, &c.;
time; so long, so far:tab-to, adv. Then indeed,
to interpret (verses, dreams, &c.); to turn
then forsooth, then; whence, wherefore:tab-
(language) from the obvious meaning.
to, tab-ta`, adv.=tab-tak, q.v.:tab-se, adv.
P th (S. ?), s.f. Plait, fold, ply (=tah); From that time forward, since that time; thence,
multiplicity, perplexity. thenceforward:tab-k, adj. Of or belonging to
H th, adv. (Old H.)=tah, q.v. that time:tab-lag, tab-lo, adv.=tab-tak,
H thir, s.f. A dish, rice boiled q.v.:tab-h, tab-h, tab-h, adv. (emphat.
of tab), At that very time, just then; there and
with ba, q.v. then, instantly; then indeed; therefore, for that
A ta`ahhul [inf. n. v of ' to marry,' &c.], same reason:tab-h-tak, adv. Only so long,
s.m. Marrying; founding a family. just so long:tab-h to, adv. Then indeed; for
P t-ham, conj.; see s.v. t. that reason then:tab-h-se, adv. emphat.
H ty [S. +], s.m. Paternal of tab-se, q.v.
uncle (=t`, q.v.). P tab, s.f.=tap, q.v.
A t`ib, m. = P t`iba (for A. ), P tabr, s.m. People, nation, tribe, race,
f. (part. n. of ' to repent'), adj. Repenting of family, house, line.
sin, repentant, penitent. H tibr, adj. & s.m.= tibra,
P t`iba (for A. ), f. = A t`ib, q.v.
m. (part. n. of ' to repent'), adj. Repenting of A tabraka, perf. tense, 3rd pers. sing.
sin, repentant, penitent. (6th conjn. of ' to become steady or firm,'
H , t`it (corr. of ta`w?), &c.), He is blessed;adj. Hallowed; greatly to
s.m. A charm, amulet, a particular ornament be magnified (used only in Ar. phrases,
(worn round the neck or arm) viewed generally e.g. allho tabraka wa ta`l, God the
as an amulet. hallowed or magnified and exalted).
H tyas (see next), s.f. The wife of a H tibra [S. +], adj. & s.m.
father-in-law's elder brother. Three times, thrice;a hall or room with three
H tyasr [S. + ], s.m. doors.
Father-in-law's elder brother. H tibr, s.f.=tibra.

657
H tibs [S. ++ +], adj. presents (or what is left of food presented to
Thrice stale, three days old (food).
P tabshr (S. ), s.f. Manna of incumbent on a religious mendicant holding an
bamboo (commonly tabshr; syn. bas-loan).
P tabh [Pehl. tavh; Z. taph; S. tapasya],
adj. Ruined, undone, spoiled, abject, wretched;
bad, wicked, depraved:tabh-l, adj. & adv.
Ruined, &c.;in wretched plight or condition,
miserably poor or low.
P tabh, s.f. Ruin, wreck, destruction,
perdition; wretchedness, misery; wickedness,
depravity:tabh-zada, adj. Ruined; afflicted,
distressed:tabh khn, v.n. To experience
misery; to be afflicted.
A tabyun, vulg. tab`in [inf. n. vi of ' to
become separate'], s.m. Being separate or
distinct; difference; opposition; contradiction;
inconsistency; incommensurability (of two or
more numbers).
A tabaur [inf. n. v of ' to enlarge,'
&c.], s.m. Penetrating into the depths of
science; being profoundly learned;rolling in
wealth.
A tabatur [inf. n. ii of ' to walk with
an elegant gait'], s.m. Walking with a proud and
self-conceited gait, strutting; inclining from side
to side in walking.
A tabaddul [inf. n. v of ' to change'], s.m.
The becoming changed or altered; change,
&c.=the next, q.v.
A tabdl [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Changing,
altering; change, alteration, mutation,
modification, substitution; transformation;
transposition;tabdl karn (-k), To change,
alter; to transfer, &c. (see badaln):tabdl-e-
makn, s.f. Change of place; migration:tab-
dl-e-n-j`iz, s.f. An unlawful or improper
change or alteration; falsification:tabdl
hon, v.n. To be changed or altered; to be
transferred:tabdl-e-hai`at, s.f. Change of
appearance, disguise; personation.
A P tabdl, s.f. Transfer (of officials,
&c.); relief (of a guard).
P tabar (S. ?), s.m. A hatchet, an
axe:tabar-bardr, s.m. Axe-bearer, armed
with an axe; a wood-cutter:tabar-zan, s.m.
Hatchet-man; wood-cutter:tabar-zn, s.m. A
horseman's battle-axe:tabar-gun, adj. Curved
like a tabar; hollow-backed (a horse):tabar
mrn, v.n. To use an axe.
A tabarro` [inf. n. v of ' to excel,' &c.],
s.m. Giving supererogatorily; giving
gratuitously; doing anything disinterestedly or
voluntarily.
A tabarruk [inf. n. v of ' to kneel and lie
down'], s.m. Looking for a blessing (by means
of); auguring good (from); blessing,
benediction; congratulation; a portion of
great men, &c.) given to their dependants;
sacred relics;commutation for an offering
endowment.
A tabarruka, tabarruk (acc.
of tabarruk), adv. With the blessing of God; as
a blessing; as a sacred relic.
A tabarrukt, s.m. pl. Benedictions;
sacred relics; plenty; honours, dignities.
A tabrd [inf. n. ii of ' to become cold'],
s.f. Cooling, refreshing; a cooling and
refreshing drink; a cooler, refrigerant (in
medicine).
H tub, s.f.=tum, q.v.
A tabassum [inf. n. v. of ' to smile'], s.m.
Smiling; smile.
A tabaur [inf. n. v of ' to see'] s.m.
Descrying, considering with attention; sight,
distinct perception; attentive consideration.
A tab`at (for A. ), s.f. Following;
imitating; obedience, dependence, subjection
(=tab`at, q.v.).
H tablaq, s.m. corr. of tablaq, q.v.
T tabana, s.m.=taman, q.v.
A tabann [inf. n. v of ' to build,' &c.],
s.f. Adopting as a son; adoption.
P tabah, adj. contrac. of tabh, q.v.
H tabai, adv. (prov)=tab-h, q.v.s.v. tab.
A tibyn [anom. inf. n. ii of ' to become
separated'], s.f. Making manifest, manifestation,
&c. (see bayn).
P tab`at (for A. fem. of tab`,
from ' to follow'), s.f. Following; dependance;
follower.
P & H tap [Pehl. tap; Zend tafnu, rt. tap;
S. , or ], s.f. Heat, warmth; fever;tap-
utarn, v.n. Fever to go off:tap-uhl,
s.f.=tap-la, q.v.:tap-till, s.f. Induration
and enlargement of the spleen, &c.=tp-tili,
q.v.s.v. tp:tap ahn, v.n. Fever to come
on:tap-la, s.m. Breaking out on the lips
after a fever, or of a fever in the system; the
thrush:tap-e-diq, s.f. Hectic fever,
consumption, phthisis:tap-e-gib, s.f. A tertian
fever:tap-k mt-jn, s.m. The breaking out
of an eruption on the lips after a fever:tap-e-
larza, s.m. An ague:tap-e-moriq, s.m. A
burning fever:tap-e-muwzaba, s.m. A
quotidian fever:tap-e-naubat, s.f. Intermittent
fever.
H tap [S. ], s.m. Devout austerity,
religious penance, &c. (=tapas, q.v.); the hot
season, the height of summer:tap-dhr, adj.
Depending on the merit of penance:tap-
dhr, s.m. One who depends for salvation on
658
the merit of his deeds of penance:tap karn, H ti-
v.n. To do penance.
paty [S. ++ (i.e. +)], adj.
H tap, s.m. The hot season, a season of
Having three leaves; (Bot.) ternate.
great heat (=tap, q.v.);a devotee, ascetic, &c.
P tap-la, s.m. See s.v. tap.
(=tapas, tapasv, q.v.).
H taprih` (see next), s.m.
H tapp, s.m. properly app, q.v.
Plots of land (divided by means of taprs), land
H tipr, s.f. The Cape gooseberry cultivated in small patches among the
or Brazil cherry, Physalis peruviana; (the uncultivated portions of an estate.
term tipr is peculiar to Bengal; in north- H tapr [tap = thp, q.v.+r =
western India the fruit is calledmako).
Prk. =S. +], s.f. A mound; a small
H taps [S. ; or S. +s =
eminence or hillock, an acclivity; a limitary
S. ], s.f. Sunshine, the sunbeams; labour, dike (=me).
toil. S tapas (in comp. tapo), s.m. Heat;
P tapk (tap+k = S. ), s.m. Warmth, fire (esp. as an instrument of self-torture); pain,
ardour, fervour, zeal; the anguish of love; suffering, torture; religious austerity, penance
solicitude of friendship; love, affection, mortification, the practice of mental or personal
friendship; apparent cordiality;affliction, self-denial or the infliction of bodily torture; the
distress, uneasiness, disquietude; consternation; meditation connected with such a practice;
palpitation (=tapak). moral virtue, merit; special observance or duty
P tapn [imperf. part. of tapdan, 'to of any particular caste (e.g. the tapas of a
tremble,' &c.; rt. Zend. tap = S. ], adj. Brhman is sacred learning; of a Kshatriya, the
Growing hot; becoming agitated; palpitating; protection of subjects; of a Vaiya, giving alms
trembling. to Brhmans; of a dra, service; and of a Rishi
or saint, feeding upon herbs and roots); one of
H tapn [tap = the seven worlds, inhabited by saints or
Prk. ()=S. + caus. augment], devotees after death;the hot season:tapo-
v.t. To heat, to warm; to cause to glow; to test bal, s.m. The power acquired by religious
(metals) by means of fire; to make (a person) austerities:tapo-dhan, adj. & s.m. Rich in
warm himself (at the fire or in the sunshine). religious penance; ascetic, pious;one who
treasures up the merit of mortifications and
H tapn [tap = S. (caus. of
austerities, an ascetic, a devotee, one who
rt. )+ = w = Prk. =S. caus. performs religious penance:tapo-lok, s.m.
augment], v.t. To present a libation to (the gods One of the seven worlds (see above):tapo-
or to the manes); to present an offering. va, s.m. 'Enclosure or district of religious
H tupn (caus. of topn), v.t. To penance,' a name applied to the holy land
situated in central India:tapo-van, tapo-ban,
cause to be buried, to have (a person or thing) s.m. 'Penance grove,' a sacred grove in which
buried, covered, or concealed. ascetics perform their religious austerities:
H tapwan (see next), s.m. Pouring tapo-vrat, s.m. Penance and religious fasting.
out a libation; a libation. S tapasvin, =
H tapwn or tap`on, S tapasv, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
v.t.=tapn, q.v. Engaged in the practice of rigorous and devout
H tip` [S. ++], s.f. Trivet, penance; ascetic, devout;an ascetic, devotee,
tripod; small table with three legs, a teapoy. a jog.
S tapta, vulg. tapt, and tapat, part. S tapasv, =
adj. Heated, inflamed; hot, fervent, burning or S tapasvin, adj. & s.m. (f. -in),
burnt with heat, pain, or sorrow:tapta- Engaged in the practice of rigorous and devout
krihra, s.m. A kind of penance, drinking hot penance; ascetic, devout;an ascetic, devotee,
water, milk, or gh for three days. a jog.
S tapti, vulg. tapat, s.f. Heat, &c. H tapass, tapas, taps, adj.
(see tapish). & s.m.=tapasv, q.v.
H tapt [S. +], H tapass, tapas, taps, adj.
adj.=tapta and tatt, qq.v. & s.m.=tapasya, q.v.:tapass mahl, taps-

659
mah, taps-mah, s.f. The mango closely (to), eagerly engaged (in), intent (on);
fish, Polynemus risua orParadiseus. one who is eagerly engaged (in), or intent (on),
S tapasy, s.f. Devout austerity, &c.; an adept, &c.:tat-purusha, s.m. (in
Gram.) A class of compounds or sams in
religious penance.
which the last member is determined or
S tapasya, adj. & s.m. Produced by qualified by the first without losing its original
heat;the month Phgun (Feb.-March); independence (the word tat-purush, 'his man,' is
religious penance, &c. (=tapasy). itself an example of this class of
P tapish, s.f. Heat, warmth; distress (esp. compounds):tat-tat, tat-tad, adj. This and
that caused by heat); affliction; agitation; that; this or that; different, various;tat-tad-
palpitation. avatr, s.m. This or that incarnation; different
H tapa, s.f. corr. of tapasy, q.v. or various incarnations;tat-tad-vyavahr, s.m.
Different kinds of behaviour; different or
H tapa, = varions customs, &c.;tat-tad-dharm, s.m.
H tapay, see tapass, and tapasy. This or thatreligion; different religions:tat-
tad-de, s.m. This or that country, &c.;tat-tat-
H tapay, =
sthn, s.m. This or that place, &c.; tat-tat-
H tapa, see tapass, and tapasy. karma, s.m. This or that act; different or various
acts, different kinds of business;tat-tal-
H tapak (see tapakn; and cf. thapak),
lok (tal for tad), s.m. Different kinds of
s.f. Throb, palpitation (cf. tapk). people:tat-jti, s.f. That caste;tat-
T P tupak (dim. of top), s.f. A small gun; a jtyuit (tat+jti+uit), s.m. Whatever rightly
musket. pertains to that caste:tat-ha, s.m.=tat-
T tapak, s.m. An officer formerly ksha, q.v.:tat-kla, tat-kl, s.m. & adv. That
employed in revenue affairs. time; present time, time being, the time referred
T tupak, s.m. Musketeer; rifle-man; a to or spoken of, the same time, the time when
gunner. an act occurs;at that time, then; at a certain
H tapakn [tapak = S. + ; time; directly, immediately, forthwith;tat-
or=thapak, q.v.], v.n. To throb, to palpitate. kla-dh, adj. & s.m. Wise or intelligent for the
S tapan, s.f. Heat, warmth, burning, time being; having presence of mind;one who
glow, fervour;s.m. The sun; the hot season; has presence of mind, &c.:tat-ksha, s.m. &
name of one of the divisions of hell; mental adv. Time present, time being; the same
distress, grieving, pining. moment;at the same moment, that instant,
immediately, forthwith:tan-nirpit, adj.
H tapn [tap = Made by him:tan-nr (tat+nr), s.m. Its water.
Prk. ()=S. () or (), rt. ], v.n. S tata, vulg. tat, s.m. Father (=tt, t`).
To be heated; to glow; to burn with pain or H tatt, tat, s.m.=tattwa, q.v.
grief; to frisk about; to shine, to be glorious.
S tapan, vulg. tapn, s.f. A name of H tit [S. ], adv. Thither, there, that
the Godavery river, or of the Tp. way.
S tapo-bal, s.m. See s.v. tapas for H tatt [Prk. =S. +], adj. (f. -
compounds of which tapo is the first member. ), Hot, warm; fervent, zealous; passionate,
wrathful, furious, outrageous.
H tapa, s.m.=tapp; app, q.v.
H titt, tett[Prk. , ;
H tap [S. + ; or ], adj. &
s.m.=tapasv, q.v. S. +], adj.=titn, q.v.
H tipaiy, tipa`iy, s.m.=tip`, q.v. P tatr, s.m. contrac. of ttr, q.v.
H tatr [S. +], s.f.
P tapdan [rt. Zend tap+tan; S. +; with
Embrocation; fomentation; pouring warm water
conjunct. ], inf. n. Growing hot; being in great
(on a diseased part); applying hot flannel or
agitation; trembling; palpitating; agitation,
uneasiness, restlessness (from indisposition, cloth (to a seat of pain; syn. sek); bathing or
&c.); tremor, palpitation:tapdan-wr, adj. & moistening (an inflamed part) with cold water
adv. Agitated, troubled;in a troubled (syn. ta ai); pouring cold water on (an
condition, in a state of agitation. intoxicated person).
S tat (for tad), adj. pron. That; his, &c. H tittr, adj.=tittl; and tt; qq.v.
(occurring only in comp.):tat-par, adj. & s.m. H tatrn (see tatr), v.t. To
Having that as one's highest object or aim, embrocate, foment, &c. (see tatr).
totally devoted or addicted (to), attending

660
H tatr, = S titikshu, adj. Bearing, enduring
H tat, (see tatr), s.f. Heat (of the patiently, patient; resigned, forbearing.
sun, &c.), fierce heat; hot winds. H ti-tagg (ti =
H tat, = S. tri+tagg = tg+ika), adj. & s.f. Having three
threads or strands;a thread of three strands.
H tatr, (see tatr), s.f. Heat (of the
S titil, s.m. A sort of sweetmeat made
sun, &c.), fierce heat; hot winds.
of sesamum ground and baked with sugar
H tittl, titl [S. , (cf. til);one of the seven karas or
rt. +], adj. & s.m. Sharp, astute, astronomical periods.
knavish, deceitful;cheat, knave, cozener, H tutl (see tutln), part. adj.
deceiver. Lisping, stammering, &c. (=totl).
H titl [tittl+Prk. =S. ], H tutln (tut = S. thut+l, caus.
s.f. Sharpness, knavery, cheating, deceitfulness, aff.), v.n. To speak indistinctly (as a child), to
fraud. lisp; to sputter (in speaking); to stammer,
H tatn [tatt, q.v.+ = w = stutter.
Prk. =S. caus. augment+n = H tutl` [tutl(n)+` =

Prk. =S. ], v.t. To heat, to warm Prk. =S. +], s.f. Lisping;
(cf. tatrn). stammering, stuttering.
A tatabbo` [inf. n. v of ' to follow'], s.m. H titil, titul, titl [S.
Pursuing, following (after), hunting (after), ], s.f. A butterfly; (fig.) a grandly
searching diligently (for); investigating;
dressed woman; a belle;a species of rue; a
exploring; imitating; imitation; continuation:
medicine given in intermittent fever (in these
tatabbo` karn (-k), To pursue, follow (after),
senses perhaps connected with the S. tikta;
&c.
cf. titr; ttr).
S tat-par, adj. & s.m. See s.v. tat.
H titamb, titimb [fr. the
S tatra, adv. & conj. In that place, there;
desider. of S. ], s.m. Obstacle, [impediment;
in that, therein; in that case, then, therefore; on
machination, stratagem, plot, evil design
account of that:tatra-jt, s.m. (in Gram.) An
(against); rebellious riot, sedition
adjective of origin:tatra-bhavat, adj. & s.m.
(syn. bakhe).
'Your Honour there,' venerable, respectable,
P tatimma (for A. tatimmat, fem. fr.
estimable, reverend;a venerable or estimable
rt. ' to be complete'), s.m. Complement;
person, &c. (the word is used in respectful
supplement; appendix; continuation; remainder,
allusion to absent persons).
balance:tatimma-e-at, s.m. Postscript of a
S tittiri, vulg. tittir, s.m. The letter:tatimmakiy-hu`, adj. Appended:
francoline partridge (com. called ttar);name tatimma-e-wayat-nma, s.m. Supplement to a
of a Muni (said to be the first teacher of the will, a codicil.
Black Yajur-veda); the Black Yajur-veda. A tatmm [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Completing,
H tutrn, v.n.=tutln, q.v. accomplishing; completion, accomplishment,
consummation.
H tittar-bittar, titar-
H titn [Prk. ; S. +],
bitar [S. +], adv Here and there,
adj. & adv. (f. -), So much, that much; so long;
scattered, dispersed; thrown into confusion. so far (correl. to jitn):titne, adj. So many:
H tatr (from tatra?), s.f. A playful, titne-me, adv. In so much time, in that time,
wanton girl (=akhelan). meanwhile (cf. utn, utne).
P tatar, adj.=ttr, q.v. H titamb, s.m.= titamb, q.v.
H titir, titr, s.f.=titil, q.v. S tita`, s.m. A sieve.
S tat-kl, s.m. & adv. See s.v. tat. S tattwa, tatwa (tad+twa), s.m.
S titiksh, s.f. Endurance, The state of being that, true state, real state,
patience, resignation, suffering, forbearance. truth, reality, essential nature, essence,
S titikshit, part. adj. Borne, elementary property, first principle, primary
fact, axiom; substance, sum and substance, pith,
endured, suffered; bearing, &c=titikshu, q.v. gist, cream; the real nature of the human soul
(as being one and the same with the supreme

661
spirit pervading the universe); mind, intellect; H tatah, s.m. =
slow time in music; a musical instrument:
tattwa-prayukt, adj. According to the sense or H tatahr, s.m. = H <pa<
purport of what has been said:tattwa-jna, pa=""> tatahr,
vulg. tatwa-gya, adj. & s.m. Knowing the truth,
knowing the true nature of anything; acquainted s.f.</pa[ ><S. ++ or ], A
with the true principles of philosophy; vessel for warming water, a kettle.
understanding the principles of a science S tathaiva, conj. See s.v. tath.
thoroughly;a profoundly learned or skilful
H tate, tatai, s.m.=tatahr,
person, &c.:tattwa-jnn, vulg. tatwa-gyn,
s.m. Knowledge of the truth; a thorough q.v.
knowledge of the principles of a science; H tataiva, conj.=tathaiva,
insight into the true principles of philosophy: q.v.s.v. tath.
tattwa-sambandh, adj. Connected with true
H tuta` [S. +], s.f. A small
principles, &c. (see tattwa):tattwa-masi, s.m.
Ink; the stalk of the Nyctanthes tristis. earthen vessel with a spout.
H tath [S. ], adj. 'Being really so,' S taa, vulg. ta, s.m. Slope, declivity;
true, real, genuine; right; perfect. the horizon (as appearing to slope); bank (of a
river), shore, coast; a field:taa-stha, adj. &
S tithi, & H. tith, s.f. A lunar day,
s.m. Situated on a declivity, or on a bank,
the thirtieth part of a whole lunation; day (of the &c.;indifferent;an indifferent person, one
month), date (=tr):tithi-kshay, s.m. The neither a friend nor a foe.
day of new moon; the day or space in which
H ta, s.m. prop. a, q.v.
a tithi begins or ends without one sun-rising;
the difference between the solar and lunar days H
tikrn, v.n. prop. ikrn,
in a yug:tithi-grma, s.m. The aggregate of q.v.
the tithis:tithi granth, s.m. Any book H tun, v.n. prop. n, q.v.
containing an account of the tithis.
S tuttha, vulg. tutth, s.m. Blue vitriol, H ta, s.m. prop. a, q.v.
sulphate of copper (esp. as an ointment or H taoln, v.t. prop. aoln, q.v.
medical application to the eyes); a collyrium A taslis [inf. n. ii of ' to become the
extracted from the Amomum zanthorrhiza: third,' &c.], s.f. Making three, dividing into
tutthnjan (tha+an), s.m. Blue vitriol as three parts; triad, trinity; a trine (the aspect of
an aujan or medical application to the eyes. the planets)
H tath, s.f. Ability, power, might. P tasniya [for A. tasniyat, fem.; inf. n. ii
of ' to double'], s.m. lit. 'Making two,
S tath (correl. of yath), adv. & conj.
doubling, dualizing';adj. Marked with two
In that manner, so, thus; ditto; so also and also, points (the letter t or y); dual (number).
in like manner:tathpi (th+api), conj. Then
H taj (see tajn), adj. & s.f. Abandoning,
even, yet, still, nevertheless (=tau bh):
tathstu (tath+astu, 3rd. pers. sing. imperative forsaking, giving up.
of S. as 'to be'), adv. So be it, yes:tath-gat, H taj [S. ], s.f. The bay-tree, Laurus
s.m. lit. 'Being in such a state or condition'; a cassia, woody cassia; cassia bark, cinnamon.
Buddh; a Jain; a divine teacher: H tujjr (pl. of tjir), s.m. Merchants; (in
tathaiva (th+eva), conj. Even so, just so, even Urd) a merchant (generally sing. in Urd,
thus, in the same manner, in like manner. unless it occur in Arabic phrases, as maliku`t-
H tatahr, s.m. = H <pa< tujjr).
P tijrat (for A. ;quasi-inf. n.
pa=""> tatahr, s.f.</pa= ><
of ' to trade'), s.f. The practice of traffic,
H tatah, traffic, trade, commerce; merchandise:tijrat
s.m. [S. ++ or ], A vessel for karn (-k), To trade, traffic, deal (in):tijral-
gh, s.f. Place of traffic or commerce;tijrat-
warming water, a kettle. gh-e-`l, s.f. Emporium (syn. ba man).
H <pa <pa=""> tatahr, s.f. = A P tijrat, adj. Commercial, mercantile.
H tatahr, s.m. = A tijr [S. ++;
H tatah, cf. tij], s.f. Tertian ague, remittent fever
occurring every third day.
s.m. [S. ++ or ], A vessel for
warming water, a kettle.</pa><

662
A tajsur [inf. n. vi of ' to be daring'],
s.m. Carrying it high and insolently; boldness,
firmness, daring, intrepidity, temerity.
A tajwuz [inf. n. vi of ' to pass
through or beyond'], s.m. Passing (beyond),
surpassing; passing (over), overlooking,
forgiving; departing (from), deviating, straying;
exceeding (one's authority, &c.), transgressing
(just bounds or limits); deviation; diversity;
excess, transgression; outrage, insolence:
tajwuz karn (-se), To pass (beyond), &c.
A tajhul [inf. n. vi of ' to be
ignorant'], s.m. Feigning ignorance; pretended
ignorance (of), connivance; apathy,
indifference:tajhul karn, v.n. To feign or
affect ignorance.
A tajaddud [inf. n. v of ' to cut off'],
s.m. = A tajdd [inf. n. ii of ] ,
s.f. Renewing; renewal, novelty.
A tajdd [inf. n. ii of ] , s.f. =
A tajaddud [inf. n. v of ' to cutoff'],
s.m. Renewing; renewal, novelty.
P tajribat (for A. ), s.f.=next, q.v. experienced (in), familiar (with); a knowing or
P tajriba, vulg. tajraba, tajruba [for
A. tajribat, fem.; inf. n. ii of ' to have
the mange'], s.m. Experiment, test, trial, proof,
assay; experience; probation:tajriba-kr, adj.
Experienced, expert, versed (in), conversant
(in), skilful;tajriba-kr, s.f. Experience,
practical knowledge:tajriba karn (-k), To
make trial (of), to try, prove, assay; to
experience.
A tajarrud [inf. n. v of ' to strip,
denude'], s.m. Stripping or denuding oneself;
cutting oneself off from society, living in
solitude; solitude; celibacy.
H tijar, s.f.=tijr, q.v. pal-me pil-ke pul, 'the waves from the eyes of
A tajrd [inf. n. ii. of ;cf. tajarrud], s.f.
Stripping, denuding, divesting (of); separating
(a thing from another); separation, solitude;
celibacy.
H tajazz [corr. of A. tajazzo, inf. n. v
of ' to divide'], s.f. Dividing, separating into
small pieces; analysis.
A tajassus [inf. n. v of ' to search for'],
s.m. Searching carefully, examining,
investigating, exploring, curiously prying (into),
spying; search, inquiry, investigation; curiosity,
inquisitiveness:tajassus karn, v.n. To search
diligently, to explore; to pry (into), to play the
spy, &c.
A tajaljul [inf. n. ii of ' to move
about'], s.m. Being moved; agitation;
commotion; sinking into the ground, becoming
depressed (as a foundation, &c.).
A tajall [inf. n. v of ' to become clear,'
&c.], s.f. Manifestation; clearness, lustre,
brightness, brilliancy, splendour, glory:
tajall-bash, adj. Rendering bright, splendid,
or glorious.
A tajalliyt, s.f. pl. Manifestations;
lustres, illuminations; beatific visions.
A tajammul [inf. n. v of ' to be
beautiful,' &c.], s.m. Dignity; pomp, parade;
splendour, magnificence: retinue; furniture;
conveniences (see next).
A tajammult, s.m. pl. Household
furniture, movables; conveniences, articles of
luxury.
H tajn [S. , rt. ], v.t.
To abandon, give up, relinquish, quit, leave,
forsake, desert:taj-den, v.t. intensive of,
and=tajn.
A tajannub [inf. n. v of ' to put at a
distance'], s.m. Retiring, withdrawing (from),
avoiding, shunning, refraining or desisting
(from):tajannub karn (-se), To hold aloof
(from), to retire, withdraw (from), to refrain
(from), &c.
S taj-jna, & H. ta-jna (tad+ja),
adj. & s.m. lit. 'Knowing that'; knowing,
intelligent man, a connoiseur.
H ta-jna, adj.=tattwa-jn,
q.v.s.v. tattwa.
A tajns [inf. n. ii of jannasa, a
denom. from jins, q.v.], s.f. Making of the same
kind, making homogeneous (with);
resemblance, analogy; (in Phet.) alliteration;
punning (especially to the eye); pun;
equivoque:tajns-e-att, s.f. Using words
which are written with the same letters but with
different vowel points, a kind of equivoque in
writing (e.g. pal, pil, pul in the following verse
of Saud's:mauj-e-ashm-e-`shiqn de to
lovers would in a moment demolish a bridge by
their shock').
A tajwz [inf. n. ii of ' to pass through,'
&c.], s.f. Permitting, allowing; approving;
permission; approbation; inquiring into,
examining, considering; inquiry, investigation,
consideration, deliberation; view, opinion,
judgment; estimate; resolution, determination;
trial; decision, judgment, sentence; contrivance,
scheme, plan, device:tajwz-e-ir, s.m.
Final decision or judgment:tajwz-e-
sn, tajwz-e-jadd, s.f. Another or fresh trial,
re-trial; revision; review of a decision or
judgment:tajwz-e-sabt-e-jurm, s.f.
Determination of guilt:tajwz-talab, adj.
Requiring to be determined or decided; for
adjudication or decision, to be tried:tajwz
karn (-k), To inquire (into), to examine,
investigate; to determine, decide; to pass
sentence, pronounce judgment; to choose, elect;
to prescribe, appoint; to contrive, devise,
plan:tajwz-hon, v.n. To be mquired (into),
663
be investigated, &c.:tajwz-e-yak-tarfo, s f. dominion (of, -ke), &c.:tat-ukmat, s.m. &
An ex-parte decision. adv. Jurisdiction, control, &c.=tat-e-taarruf,
A P tajwz, adj. Tried, proved, q.v.:tat-e-farmn, s.m.=tat-e-taarruf,
determined. q.v.:tat-lafz, adj. & adv. Literal, verbal (as
A tajwf [inf. n. ii of ' Being hollow'], a translation);literally, verbally:tat-me,
s.f. Hollowing out, making concave. adv. Under, under control or authority (of, -ke),
A tajhz [inf. n. ii of ' to despatch, in subjection (to); below, at the foot (of a page,
slay'], s.f. Fitting out, equipping; expediting, &c.):tat-me an (-ke), To come under the
arranging, adorning; carrying to the grave, authority or control (of):tat-me rakhn,
burying, burial:tajhz karn(-k), To fit out v.t. To keep under, maintain in subjection, to
(an expedition, army, &c.), to equip, arrange, control; to have or keep in (one's) possession, to
raise, &c.:tajhz-o-takfn, s.f. Burial, possess, hold, have:tat-me ln, v.t. To
interment. bring under, to reduce to subjection, to conquer,
H tan (caus. of tan, q.v.), v.t. subdue; to bring under control or authority; to
To heat, to scorch; to parch. take possession of.
H tan [tac = S. ; see tatt], v.n. A tatn, adj. Lower, inferior; small,
short (applied to letters or diacritical points);
To be heated; to be scorched; to be parched, to
placed beneath, pointed below.
parch.
A tar [inf. n. ii of ' to be cautious,'
S tuha, vulg. tuh, & H. tuh, &c.], s.f. Cautioning, putting on one's guard;
adj. Void, empty; vain, worthless, insignificant, causing to fear, threatening.
of no account, good-for-nothing; contemptible, A taarruk [inf. n. v of ' to move'],
despicable, low, vile:uh jnn, v.t. To s.m. Becoming movent (as a letter); motion,
hold light, to consider of no account, to movement; agitation.
despise:tuha-dru, s.m. lit. 'The sapless A tarr [inf. n. ii of ' to be hot'; 'to be
tree,' the castor-oil tree, Ricinus communis: free'], s.f. Setting at liberty, manumission;
tuh-gyn, s.m. Disesteem, contempt. writing elegantly and accurately; writing,
S tucchat, s.f. Emptiness; description; a written statement or declaration, a
worthlessness, despicableness. document; fee for writing (anything for
another); ornamental lines (on a drawing or
H tahak, s.m.=takshak, q.v.
picture), lines; pencilling, painting (e.g. surme-
H tihan, adj.=tksha, q.v. k tarr);adj. Written, dated:tarr-e-
S tuhanya, adj. Worthless, uqlaidas, tahrr-uqlaidas, (or simply) tarr,
s.f. Euclid's elements:tarr-e-baina`s-sutr,
insignificant, contemptible, base.
s.f. Writing between lines; interlineation:tarr-
A tash, vulg. tash [inf. n. vi
of ], s.m.f. Standing apart; excepting e -zahr, s.f. A writing on the back,
(against a thing, by saying sha`llh 'God endorsement:ta rr karn (-k), To write, to
forbid'); care, concern, fear (e.g. be-tash, describe, to record:ta rr hon, v.n. To be
adv. 'fearlessly'). written, &c.
A taluf [inf. n. vi of ], s.m. A tarra (acc. of tarr), adv. In
Conspiring together, leaguing; swearing (both writing; by writing.
the plaintiff and the defendant). A tarrt, s.f. pl. (of tarr), Writings,
A ta`if (pl. of tofa), s.m. Rarities, &c.
curiosities, choice articles; presents (com. used A P tarr, adj. Written, in writing
in conjunction with the sing., e.g. tofa- (e.g. tarr subt, 'written proof').
ta`if). A tar [inf. n. ii of ' to desire
A tat (in A. phrases tatu), s.m. The eagerly,' &c.], s.f. Making greedy; inflaming,
location which is beneath, the interior part, the inciting; instigation, stimulation:tar
under part, the inferior part, depth; the nadir; karn, v.t. To inflame, stimulate, to entice,
subjection, dominion, possession, authority, allure. (N.B. The form in classical Arabic
control;prep. & adv. Beneath, under; in is tar, not tar.)
subjection (to), under the control (of, -ke): A tarf [inf. n. ii of ' to alter in
tatu' s-sar, s.m. The depth of the moist earth; form,' &c.], s.f. Altering (words from their
the under part of the earth, the nether regions: proper meanings); alteration; inversion,
tatu`sh-sho``, s.m. Change of the moon, transposition (of a word or letter); forming an
conjunction with the sun:tat-e- anagram; an anagram; mistranscription clerical
error; deliberate alteration of a word so as t,
taarruf, tat-taarruf, s.m. & adv. Subjection,
change its meaning, falsification;cutting the
dominion, authority, control;under the
nib of a pen obliquely.

664
A tarft, s.f. pl. (of tarf), gurnn (-ko), To offer as a present (to a
Alterations, changes; anagrams. superior), to make a present of:tofa-ma`jn,
A tark [inf. n. ii of ' to move'], s.f. s.m. lit. 'A kneaded mass of pleasant or rare
Putting in motion; motion, movement, things'; a wit, a wag.
agitation, commotion; incitement, stimulus, A taaqquq [inf. n. v of ' to be just,
encouragement, excitement, instigation, right, &c.'], s.m. Proving to be truth, reality, or
temptation:tark den(-ko), tark karn (- fact; ascertainment, certain knowledge,
k), To move, incite (to), to urge, actuate, excite, certainty (cf. taqq).
encourage, tempt; to affect, touch. A taqr [inf. n. ii of ' to be
P tarma [for A. tarmat, fem.; contemptible'], s.f. Rendering contemptible;
from tarm, inf. n. ii of ' to be prohibited,' despising; contempt, scorn, disdain; neglect.
&c.], s.m. The saying allho akbar, "God is A taqq [inf. n. ii of ' to be just, right,
great,' at the commencement of prayer; the &c.'], s.f. Ascertaining, verifying the truth (of);
commencement of prayer (when the person ascertainment, inquiry, investigation, trial,
praying is prohibited, by uttering the takbr, verification; exactness, precision; truth, fact,
from saying and doing anything extraneous to certainty;adj. Carefully ascertained or
prayer);assumption of a pilgrim's garb (since verified, well-established; authentic, true,
this entitles the person to reverence or respect). actual, real, indubitable, sure, certain;adv.
A taassur [inf. n. v of ' to grieve; For a fact, truly, indeed, certainly:taqq
regret'], s.m. Grieving (for); regretting; grief, karn (-k), To make inquiry or investigation; to
regret (=asrat); condolence. inquire (into), to ascertain, to investigate; to
H tas-nas (A. nas+tas, a jingling verify; to make sure (of).
or insignificant word), adj. Spoilt; broken, A taqqt, s.f. (pl. of taqq, but com.
scattered, dispersed; overthrown, destroyed, used as a sing. in Urd), Inquiries; inquiry,
ruined, unfortunate (cf.tittar-bittar). investigation; verification:taqqt-e-
A tasn [inf. n. ii of ' to possess ibtid`, taqqt-e-m-qabal, s.f. Preliminary
beauty,' &c.], s.f. Rendering good, comely, or inquiry or investigation:taqqt karn (-k),
pleasing; regarding as good or beautiful, To inquire, &c.=taqq karn, q.v.s.v. taqq.
approving; approbation; applause, acclamation, A P taqq-na, adv. According to truth
cheers:tasn-e-talaffuz, s.m. Euphony: or fact; certainly.
tasn karn (-k), To approve; to commend, A P taqq, adj. Sure, certain,
praise, applaud. confirmatory.
A tal [inf. n. ii of ' to be A taakkum [inf. n. v of ' to restrain,'
produced; to be realized'], s.f. Getting, &c.], s.m. Commanding, ruling; control, power,
acquiring; collecting; gain, acquisition, profit, authority, dominion (see ukmat); usurping
attainment; learning; collection (particularly of authority, usurpation; deciding judicially,
revenues or rents); the revenue jurisdiction of passing sentence, condemning:taakkum
a tal-dr; the station or court of a tal- karn (-par), To exercise control or authority
dr:tal-dr, s.m. A sub-collector of (over), to command, rule, &c.
revenue:tasl-dr, s.f. The office, duty, or A takm [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Putting in
jurisdiction of a sub-collector; collectorship: authority; authority; arbitration.
tal karn (-k), To get, gain, acquire; to A taalul [inf. n. ii of ' to remove'],
attain, learn; to collect (revenue, &c.). s.m. Removing (from a place), quitting;
A talt, s.f. pl. (of tal), becoming in motion.
Acquisitions; collections. A talf [inf. n. ii of ' to swear'], s.f.
H taln (from tasl), v.t. To acquire; Making (one) swear, exacting an oath.
to collect, gather (a tax=tal karn, A tall [inf. n. ii of
' to untie; to loose'],
q.v.s.v. tal); to oppress, to afflict. s.f. Untying; loosing; dissolving; discussing (in
P tofat, s.f.=tofa, q.v. a medical sense); solubility; solution; digestion,
P tofajt (irreg. pl. of tofa), s.m. concoction; assimilation;making lawful:
Rarities, curiosities; presents (=ta`if). tall karn, v.t. To dissolve, to discuss; to
P tofag (from tofa), s.f. Rarity; treat; digest; to assimilate;tall-karne-wl, adj.
excellence; beauty, neatness, elegance. (in Med.) Dissolvent, discutient:tall hon,
P tofa (for A. tofat), s.m. A v.n. To be dissolved; to waste away; to be
gratuitous gift, a present; rarity, curiosity, a digested.
choice or pleasing thing; the best or beauty (of a A taammul [inf. n. v of ' to bear'], s.m.
thing); adj. Rare, uncommon, wonderful, Enduring patiently; patience, endurance, long-
admirable, excellent, nice, choice:tofa- suffering, resignation, forbearance; meekness,
ta`if, s.m. pl. Presents, rare gifts:tofa humility; truce, peace:taammul karn (-

665
me), To be patient or forbearing (under, or in), To abdicate a throne:tat-dr, s.m.
to bear patiently, endure, forbear. Possessor of a throne, a king:tat-e-ravn,
A tamd [inf. n. ii of ' to praise'], s.f. s.m. A travelling throne erected on a platform
Praising (God) much or repeatedly carried on men's shoulders, a throne on which
(saying alhamdo li`llh). the king is carried; the throne of Solomon; a
A taml [inf. n. ii of ' to bear'], s.f. litter with poles (esp. for persons of rank and
Making (one) bear or carry (a burden, &c.), females):tat-se utrn, v.t. To dethrone:
imposing a burden (on), burdening, loading; tat-k rt, s.f. The bridal night;
importuning; asking more than one's right. consummation of a marriage (syn. suhg-
A taawwur [inf. n. v of ' to return'], rt):tat-gh, s.f. The royal residence; seat
s.m. Haste, despatch, celerity; anger. (N.B. The of government, metropolis, capital:tat-
word is not classical Arabic.) nishn, adj. Seating on a throne, throne-
A tawl [inf. n. ii of ' to be changed, bestowing:tat-nishn, adj. & s.m. Sitting
&c.], s.f. Altering, changing, transmuting; on a throne, reigning; a king, sovereign:
change, transfer; renovation; return; (in Astron.) tat-nishn, s.f. Accession to the throne;
passing of the sun, moon, or a planet from one reign:tat-o-bat, s.m.=tat-bat,
sign to another; care, trust, charge; a deposit, q.v.:tat ya tata, prov. A throne or a bier
revenue credit; cash, funds, capital; a victory or death.
treasury;adv. In the charge (of, -ke):tawl- P tata (see tat), s.m. A plank, board;
taarruf, s.f. Misappropriation of a trust, platform; deck (of a ship); drawbridge; table;
embezzlement:tawl-dr, s.m. Cash-keeper, bench; stool; pedestal (of a statue); sign-board;
cashier, treasurer (esp. in a provincial notice-board; a bier; a bed (of flowers, &c.),
treasury):tawl-dr, s.f. The office of cash- garden-plot; a sheet of paper:tata-band,
keeper. s.f. Wainscot, boarding;tata-band karn (-
A tawlt, s.f. pl. (of tawl), k), To board, plank, to floor with boards:
Alterations, changes; revolutions, &c. tata-gardan, adj. Thick, broad, and straight-
A tayt, s.f. pl. (of next, q.v.), necked (a horse):tata-musatta, s.m. A
Salutations, &c. plane-table (for surveying):tata-
P tayat [for A. ;inf. n. ii of ' to nard, tata-e-nard, s.m. The game of ausar,
live'], s.f. Salutation, greeting, compliment, q.v.; backgammon.
congratulation; prayer, benediction. P tat, (dim. of tata), s.f. A small
A taaiyur [inf. n. v of ' to be dazzled plank; a small board (like a slate) for children to
by'], s.m. Being astonished, confounded, or write on; a tablet, a signet of stone; a leaf or
disturbed; astonishment, amazement, wonder. thin plate of stained glass; agate, topaz, or other
A taruj [inf. n. vi of ' to come out,' precious stone with a sentence of
&c.], s.m. Taking a property by mutual consent the Qor`n inscribed or engraven on it worn
and dividing it (the co-inheritors,one taking hung from the neck of children and others
the house, another the land, and so on; or by (rather as an amulet than as an ornament); a
selling the property and then dividing the sum plate (on which anything is engraved=paa);
realized; or by one's taking ready money and the breast.
the other's taking a debt). P tat (from tat), adj. Of a throne;
A taluf [inf. n. vi of ' to turn from,' becoming a throne;ornamented with gold and
&c.], s.m. Mutual opposition or contention; silver leaf.
antagonism, enmity. A tarb [inf. n. ii of ' to be in a
P tat [Zend thwakhshta, rt. thwakhsh; state of ruin'], s.f. Reducing to ruin,
S. , rt. , 'to hew, fashion;' cf. tata], demolishing, razing; demolition, devastation,
s.m. Throne, chair of state; seat, stage, platform; destruction.
sofa, bed; any place raised above the ground for A ta inf. n. ii of ' to
sitting, reclining, or sleeping:tat-bat, distinguish, particularize'], s.f. Making peculiar
s.m. Throne and fortune; marriage-bed and and special; reserving for oneself;
offspring, wedlock and wealth (a form of appropriation; particularity, peculiarity,
benediction, particularly used by women): speciality.
tat-par baihln or bihn, v.t. To seat on a A taff [inf. n. ii of
' to be light'], s.f.
throne, to enthrone:tat-par baihn, v.n. Making light, alleviating; abbreviating; making
To sit on a throne; to ascend the throne, to (a word) easy of utterance, softening the
reign:tat-posh, s.m. A covering for a pronunciation (of letters) by changing one for
throne, seat, &c.; a cloth or cushion to sit on; a another, euphoni gratia; holding or esteeming
covered stage or platform:tat hon, v.n. light, despising; alleviation, abatement,
mitigation, remission, relief, palliation,

666
extenuation; abatement, diminution, decrease; H tana, s.m. (local)=ana, for akn,
reduction; decay:taff den (-ko), To give q.v.
or afford relief (to); to alleviate, mitigate, A tawf [inf. n. ii of ' to fear'], s.f.
assuage, &c. (see next):taff karn(-k), To Putting in fear, terrifying; threatening; threat.
lighten, alleviate, mitigate, extenuate, relieve; to A taaiyul [inf. n. v of ' to think; to
remit, relax; to reduce, diminish, lessen, fancy'], s.m. Imagining, fancying, supposing;
abate:taff-me n, v.n. To come under imagination, fancy (=ayl); suspicion.
reduction, to be reduced (an establishment or A taaiyult, s.m. pl. (of taaiyul),
expenditure); to be abolished (an office or Imaginations, fancies; suspicions.
post):taff-me ln, v.t. To effect a A taaiyum [inf. n. v of ' to raise'], s.m.
reduction of (establishment, &c.), to reduce, to Pitching a tent or tents.
retrench; to abolish, do away with. S tad, pron. He, she, it; his, &c.; that, this
A taalul [inf. n. ii of ], s.m. (?)
(see tat):tad-antar, adv. In the midst of it;
Attiring oneself with, or putting on, an anklet
besides this, without this; besides;tad-antar-
(all);coming to pieces, becoming old
gat, adj. 'Gone into that;' situated in the midst of
and worn out (a garment); separation.
that;tad-anantar, adv. Immediately upon that,
A taallu [inf. n. v of ' to become thereupon, then; thereafter, afterwards:tad-
safe or secure'], s.m. The nom de dhat (tad+hata), adj. & s.m. Struck, wounded,
plame assumed by poets (as Saud was or slain by him;his victim:tad-
the taallu of Mirza Mohammad Raf`). dhit (tad+hita), s.m. lit. 'Good for that'; (in
A taalluf [inf. n. v of ' to follow'], Gram.) an affix which forms roots from other
s.m. Remaining behind, being left behind; nouns (in contradistinction to a krit affix, which
delaying; going back. forms nouns from roots); a noun formed by
A taallul [inf. n. v of ' to perforate,' a taddhit affix, a derivative noun:tad-dhan,
&c.], s.m. Disturbance, discord, dissension; adj. & s.m. Miserly, niggardly;a miser, &c.
interruption; perforation.
S & H tad, = S tad, adv. At that
A tal [inf. n. ii of ' to become
safe'], s.f. Saving, delivering; release; freedom. time, then; in that case, &c. (=tab, and to or tau,
P taliya [for A. taliyat, inf. n. ii qq.v.):tad-api, tad-yapi, adv. & conj. And
of ' to be empty'], s.f. Evacuation; private also, and equally; still, nevertheless,
place or room, privacy; manumission (of a notwithstanding (=tab-bh, tad-bh; tau-bh:
slave); divorce (of a wife). See s.v. tab for other phrases and compounds).
P tum [Pehl. tokhm; Zend taokhman, S tad, = S & H tad, adv. At that
rt. tu; S. tokman], s.m. Seed; sperm; an egg; a time, then; in that case, &c. (=tab, and to or tau,
testicle; origin, principle:tum-e-blang, qq.v.):tad-api, tad-yapi, adv. & conj. And
s.m. The seed of sweet basil, or of the mountain also, and equally; still, nevertheless,
balm; a seed of cooling quality:tum-e-bad, notwithstanding (=tab-bh, tad-bh; tau-bh:
adj. 'Bad seed'; of bad stock, low-bred: See s.v. tab for other phrases and compounds).
tum-psh, tum-rez, s.f. Scattering seed, A tadbr, s.f. pl. (of tadbr, q.v.),
sowing; tum-psh karn, v.n. To sow Deliberations; counsels; regulations, &c.
seed:tum-e-rain, s.f. Purslain; the seed A tadul [inf. n. vi of ' to enter'],
of Ocymum pilosum; a cooling drink:tum- s.m. Mutual entering or insertion, the entering
e-kh, s.m. Seed of lettuce, Lactuca sativa: (of joints) one into another; entrance (into);
tum-e-katn, s.m. Linseed. intermixture, commixture; interference (with).
P tuma (for A. , from for ), A tadruk [inf. n. vi of which is
s.m. Indigestion, dyspepsia. unused], s.m. Overtaking, visiting (with
punishment, &c.); punishment, chastisement,
A tamr [inf. n. ii of ' to leaven'], s.f.
infliction of a fine, &c.; repairing, amending;
Fermenting, forming into leaven; fermentation.
reparation, remedy; expedient, measure;
A tamna (acc. of tamna, q.v.),
management; preparation; provision;
adv. At a guess, by guess, conjecturally; by
precaution; the instruments and means used to
appraisemert; hypothetically;nearly, about,
ward off harm, or to procure justice (as
more or less.
writings, lawyers, witnesses, &c.):tadruk
P tamna [from A. tamn, inf. n. ii karn (-k), To inflict punishment, &c. (on), to
of chastise; to make reparation (for), to redress; to
'to be unapparent'], s.m. Surmise, guess, provide (against), make preparation (for), to
conjecture; appraisement, valuation, estimate guard (against), to take precautions; to oppose.
(syn. andza):tamna karn (-k), To A tadfo` [inf. n. vi of ' to repel,' &c.],
make a conjecture (concerning); to judge (of); s.m. Repelling, driving back; opposing;
to value, appraise, estimate.

667
conflicting (with), being mutually repugnant; H tadh, adv. corr. of tad, q.v.
opposition, resistance.
H tad, adv.=tad; tad, q.v. H tidhar [Prk. (re being the
A tadwul [inf. n. vi of ' to come round loc. affix); S. ], adv. There, thither, in that
in turn'], s.m. Taking, or doing, by turns; direction (correl. of jidhar).
handing from one to another; tradition.
S tad-dhan, adj. See s.v. tad, 'that.'
A tadw [inf. n. vi of ' to be sick or
ill'], s.f. Treating oneself medically; H tadh, for tad-h, adv.=tab-h,
administering medicine, applying a remedy, q.v.s.v. tab; see also tad.
curing, healing. A tadhn [inf. n. ii of ' to anoint'], s.f.
A tadbr [inf. n. ii of ' to go away' with; Anointing, oiling.
'to remove,' &c.], s.f. Forethought, judgment;
H tad-yapi, adv.=tad-api,
deliberation, counsel; opinion, advice;
expedient, contrivance, plan, device; provision, q.v.s.v. tad.
management, arrangement, ordering, conduct, A tadaiyun [inf. n. v of ' to obey,' &c.],
regulation; policy, prudence; skill:tadbr-e- s.m. Being upright and stedfast in religion;
saltanat, s.f. Politics; government:tadbr-se, constancy in religion; religiousness.
adv. With forethought; prudently; skilfully, H ta, s.m.=ta, q.v.
&c.:tadbr-e-fsid, s.f. A vicious plan, a plot, H ti, s.m.=i (the usual form),
artifice, machination:tadbr-e-fsid-se, adv. q.v.
By artifice, fraudulently:tadbr-e-gi, s.f.
H tak; prop. tak, q.v.
Regulation or regimen of diet:tadbr karn (-
k), To deliberate (about); to arrange (for); to S tag, s.m. A pond, &c. (=tlb,
form a plan (for or against); to provide (for or q.v.).
against); to dispose (of), &c. (syn. upy karn,
H taw, =
q.v.):tadbr-e-mamlukat, s.f.=tadbr-e-
saltanat, q.v. H tay, See taw and tay.
A tadbrt, s.f. pl. (of tadbr), H tay, =
Deliberations; arrangements, regulations, &c.
(=tadbr). H taw, See taw and tay.
H ti-dar [S. + +], adj. (f. -), H ti, s.f.; prop. i, q.v.
& s.m. Having three doors, three-doored:a A taabub [inf. n. ii of ' to put in
house with three doors; a frame for three doors motion,' &c.], s.m. Commotion, agitation,
in a row. palpitation; wavering, vacillation; suspension of
P tadarv, s.m. A cock pheasant, a pheasant judgment; perplexity; ambiguity.
(to whose gait that of a mistress is compared). P taarv, s.m.=tadarv, q.v.
H ti-dar [S. + +], adj. P takirat, s.f. = P takira, s.m. [for
Three-doored, &c.=tidar, q.v. A. , inf. n. ii of ' to remember'],
A tadrj [inf. n ii of ' to go step by Memory, remembrance; any aid to the memory
step'] s.f. Gradation, scale:ba-tadrj, adv. By (as a knot tied in a pocket-handkerchief), a
degrees, gradually. memorandum, note; a biographical memoir,
A tadrs [inf. n. ii of ' to read'], s.f. biography (in this and the following
Instruction by means of reading; lecturing. significations the Persian
A tadfn [inf. n ii of ' to bury'], s.f. pronunciation, tazkarat, is usually followed);
Burial, interment; funeral. any official note; billet, schedule, obligation,
handwriting:takiratu`l-mashhr, s.f.
S tad-anantar, adv. See
Memoirs of eminent men.
s.v. tad 'that.' P takira, s.m. = P takirat, s.f. [for
H ti-dhr [S. ++], A. , inf. n. ii of ' to remember'],
s.m. lit. 'Having three edges'; the Memory, remembrance; any aid to the memory
plants Euphorbia antiquorum, and Scirpus (as a knot tied in a pocket-handkerchief), a
kysoor;the meeting of three streams (syn. tir- memorandum, note; a biographical memoir,
ben). biography (in this and the following
H tidhr [the preceding, with significations the Persian
pronunciation, tazkarat, is usually followed);
S. and instead of ], adj. & s.f. any official note; billet, schedule, obligation,
Having three lines, streams, or edges;three handwriting:takiratu`l-mashhr, s.f.
streams or lines:tidhr sed, s.m. The Memoirs of eminent men.
triangular Euphorbia (=tidhr).

668
A takirata (prop. , acc. of takirat), H tarrr, tarr [S. ,
adv. By way of reminding; by way of mention;
by way of memoir.
A takr [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Bringing to
memory; mentioning, recording;
commemoration; exhortation, admonition;
making masculine; the masculine gender.
A tall [inf. n. ii of ' to be base,' &c.],
s.f. Debasing, degrading, humiliating; bringing
under subjection; debasement, abasement,
humiliation; depression.
A tahb [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. The art of
gilding; illumination (of manuscripts).
P tar [Zend tauruna; S. taru, rt. tr], adj.
New, fresh; green; young, tender, soft; juicy,
moist, damp, wet, wet through, saturated (with
moisture, or grease, &c.); refreshed, revived,
gladdened;loose, large (as shoes, &c.):tar-
ba-tar, adj. Completely wet, saturated,
drenched, soaking, dripping; covered (with
blood):tar-band, s.m. A wet bandage (applied
to a wound):tar-band, s.f. Application of a
wet bandage (to a wound):tar-dast, adj.
Active, expert, adroit, dexterous:tar-dast, s.f.
Activity, handiness, dexterity, expertness,
adroitness:tar karn, v.t. To wet; to steep,
soak, to drench, saturate;tar karne-wl, adj.
(in medicine) Demulcent:tar-o-tza, adj.
Fresh and moist; ripe and fresh; quite fresh.
P tar [Zend tara; S. ], An affix, the
termination of the comparative degree in
Persian (and in Sanskrit).
H tar, postpn., for tal = tale, q.v.
S taru, s.m. See taru.
H tur [S. ], s.f. A weaver's brush; the
fibrous stick used by weavers to clean and
separate the threads of the woof; a shuttle; a
loom.
H tar, s.m.=tal, q.v.;tare,
postpn.=tale, q.v.
H tir (contrac. of ter, gen. of t),
pron. adj. Thy, thine (used chiefly in poetry).
A turb, s.m. Ground, earth, dust.
A turb, adj. Earthen, earthy; earthly.
S trt, = S trtri, adj. & compounds, e.g. but-tarsh, 'Image-carver'):
s.m. Protecting, defending;protector,
defender, guardian, deliverer, saviour.
S trtri, = S trt, adj. & elegance of dress, &c.; fine or neat shape or
s.m. Protecting, defending;protector,
defender, guardian, deliverer, saviour.
A tarduf [inf. n. vi of ' to ride
behind'; 'to follow'], s.m. Following one
another; succession, consecutiveness;
synonymousness; a synonym;adj.
Consecutive, uninterrupted; carrying one
behind another, carrying double (a horse).
or +], adj. Quick, rapid, fleet,
expeditious, impetuous;s.m. A cut-purse,
pickpocket.
H tarrr, tarr [the
preceding+S. +], s.m. Quickness, rapidity,
speed, velocity, expedition, haste; flow, stream,
current; torrent:tarrr bharn, v.n. To go at
full speed, to rush on, to gallop.
P tarz [tar = Zend taro = S. ], s.m.
Scale, balance, pair of scales:tarz
hon or ho-jn (-me), To be evenly balanced;
to go quite through, or to pierce (an object), and
be out equally on both sides (an arrow, &c.); to
hit the mark.
H tirs, trs [S. ], s.f. Thirst
(=tis; pys):tirs n, tirs lagn, v.n. To be
thirsty.
S trs, s.m. Alarm, fear, dread, terror
(syn. bhay):trs-dy, adj. & s.m.
Occasioning alarm or dread, inspiring fear;
terrifier, &c.
H trs [S. +], adj. Afraid,
timid, fearful, alarmed.
S trsit, part. Frightened, scared,
alarmed, afraid.
S trsak, adj.=trs, and trs, q.v.
S trsan, adj. & s.m. Terrifying,
alarming, frightening;the act of frightening or
alarming; a means of frightening, cause of
alarm; fright, alarm.
S trs, adj. & s.m. Fearful, timid,
afraid (=trs);a timid person, &c.
H tirs [Prk. ; S. ],
adj. Eighty-three.
P tarsh [Zend thware, fr. thwakhsh =
S. ], s.f. Cutting, hewing, paring, clipping;
shaving; cut, shape, form, fashion (of clothes,
&c.), make, build;part. adj. & s.m. Cutting,
chiselling, fashioning, &c.;cutter, carver,
fashioner, &c. (used as last member of
tarsh-arsh, s.f. Shaping and fashioning;
arranging (dress, &c.) neatly or elegantly;
form;scratching out, erasure;tarsh-
arsh-karn, v.t. To make (oneself, apne
ta`) spruce, to dress or attire oneself neatly or
elegantly;to scratch out, erase (writing, a
word, &c.).
H tarshn (from tarsh), v.t. To cut,
hew, pare, clip, prune; to cut out, carve, shape,
form, fashion; to shave (the beard, &c.):apne
669
ta` tarshn, To make oneself spruce, (vulg.) S tr, adj. & s.m. Protecting,
to come out a swell; to value or esteem oneself preserving, saving, delivering; pertaining to
above others:tarsh-ln, v.t. (intens. deliverance, &c.;protector, preserver,
of tarshn), To cut up, to pare off, pare away, deliverer, saviour.
&c. (=hl-ln).
H tirn, tarn (fr. tirn),
P tarsha [Zend thwarsta; S. ;
s.f. 'A crossing over'; a bribe given on condition
see tarsh], s.m. lit. 'What is pared off,' &c.; that it be returned if the suit is lost.
paring, shaving, chip, splinter, clip, shred,
H tir`o, tar`o [tir(n)+`o =
scrap.
P tarq, = P tark, (=tarsh, q.v.), s.f. Prk. =S. ()], s.m. Crossing over;
The sound or noise of the snapping or splitting swimming.
of a stone, &c. sound of a falling body, of a H tarwat [tar, q.v.+wat =
blow, &c.; crack (=tak, q.v.).
P tark, = P tarq, (=tarsh, q.v.), s.f. Prk. =S. ], s.f. Freshness; greenness,
The sound or noise of the snapping or splitting verdure; juiciness; moisture, dampness,
of a stone, &c. sound of a falling body, of a humidity (=tar).
blow, &c.; crack (=tak, q.v.). H turwat [S. + +],
H tark [S. +], s.f. The adj. Quick, swift, expeditious.
beam of a balance. H tarwa, s.f.=tarwat (the
A tarkum [inf. n. vi of ' to heap up'],
correct form).
s.m. Being heaped together, being thickly
P tarwish (abst. subst. from tarv, rt.
collected together; accumulation, heap.
of tarvdan), s.f. Dripping, sprinkling,
H tarn, s.m. Tax, impost, revenue, sprinkle; trickle; oozing; distillation,
income. exudation:tarawish karn, v.n. To fall in
S tra, vulg. tr, s.m. Protecting, drops, to drip, sprinkle, &c.
preserving; protection, safety, preservation, H tirwn, or tir`on,
deliverance, salvation; preservative, defence, v.t.=tirn, q.v.
shelter, help; protection for the body, guard, A tarw, s.f. vulg. corr. of the next, q.v.
armour:trrth (a+ar), s.m. One who is A tarw (pl. of tarwat, 'a single rest,'
very desirous of protection, &c.:tr- rt. ), s.f. A form of prayer consisting of
kr, tr-kart, s.m. Preserver, protector, twenty or more genuflexions (according to
deliverer, saviour (=tr):tr karn (-k), different persuasions), performed at some
To protect; to free, deliver, save. period of the night in the month of Raman,
H tarrn, v.n. prop. arrn, q.v. after the ordinary prayers of nightfall (but, by
pious persons, often repeated every morning:
H tirn, tarn (caus. they are so called because the
of tirn or tairn), v.t. To cause to pass over or performer rests after every four genuflexions).
across, to cause the salvation (of), to save; to S trhi, and H. trh,
make (one) swim; to cause to float.
vulg. tarh, tirh (2nd sing. imperative of
H turn, s.m. Boiled rice kept in rt. trai), intj. Save! deliver! mercy!:trhi-
cold water over night and used next morning, trhi karn, v.n. To utter repeated cries for
rice-gruel (syn. knj). deliverance or mercy:trhi-kr, s.m. Crying
S trak, adj. & s.m.=tr, q.v. out for deliverance or mercy.
H ti-rh [S. ++], s.m.
H tirnav, tirnau, adj.=next, q.v.
Place where three roads meet.
H tirnwe, tirnawwe, ti
S trya-mn, adj. & s.m.
rnawe [S. ], adj. Ninety-three. Preserving, defending, delivering, rescuing,
P tarna (S. +, rt. ), s.m. freeing;preserver, &c. (=tr).
Modulation, melody, harmony, symphony; H tar`in, s.f. pl. (of tara`), Stars.
voice, song, tune, air; trill, shake, quaver; a kind H tir`, tar` [tir(n)+` =
of song; an exercise in singing:tarna-
pardz, adj. & s.m. Composing melodies or Prk. =S. aff. ()++],
songs; a composer of melodies, &c. s.f.=tirn, q.v.
H turn, s.f.=turn, q.v. H tar`, s.f. Lands lying at the foot
of a watershed or on the banks of a river low
ground flooded with water, valley, basin,

670
marshy ground, marsh, swamp; meadow: citrullus. (The S. tarambuja, like kharvja, is
tar`-khew, adj. & s.m. Living in or near doubtless a corruption of the Persian:Of the
water, aquatic, water-; water-fowl, water- four forms, the one in common use, in India,
spaniel, &c. is tarbz).
H tur`, tur`i [S. +], P tarbza = P tarbuz, vulg. tarbuj, =
P tarbuza = P tarbz,
s.f. lit. 'Made of cotton'; a quilt; a mattress
(=toshak). vulg. tarbj, (S. ; cf kharbza, S. ),
H tur`i, adv. Quickly, speedily, s.m. The water-melon,Cucurbita citrullus. (The
S. tarambuja, like kharvja, is doubtless a
swiftly (=turt, q.v.).
corruption of the Persian:Of the four forms,
H tur`], adj. Excelling, surpassing, the one in common use, in India, is tarbz).
excellent, superior, chief (=uttam). S tri-bhvj, adj. & s.m. Having three
H tur`, s.f.=tura`, q.v. arms; three-sided, trilateral;a three-sided
H tur`, pron. adj. f. figure, triangle.
(prov.)=tumhr, q.v. H tirbhir [S. ], adj. 'Blinded
H tarb [S. ], s.f. Quick time in with rage,' enraged (cf. tirmir; and tir-bir).
music, a kind of musical tone. H tri-ohun, tir-bhun, s.m. corr.
H tarab, s.m.=tarav, q.v. of tri-bhuvan, q.v.
P turb, turub (S. ?), s.m. A radish. S tri-bhaga, vulg. tir-bhang =
A turb, s.m. Earth, dust (=turb). H tri-bhag, vulg.tir-bhang adj.
H tir-bak [S. +], s.m. Having three curves or bends (as have many
An agreement confirmed three times. images of Krishna, i.e. with the legs, loins, and
P turbat (for A. ), s.f. A grave, tomb. neck bent); standing awry;s.m. A person
sepulchre. standing awry.
P tar-ba-tar, adj. See s.v. tar. H tri-bhag, vulg. tir-bhang =
A turbat, adj. Sepulchral. S tri-bhaga, vulg.tir-bhang adj.
P tirbid, turbad, turbud (S. ), s.m. A Having three curves or bends (as have many
plant of valuable cathartic properties, a images of Krishna, i.e. with the legs, loins, and
purgative Indian root, neck bent); standing awry;s.m. A person
turpeth, Convolvulus (and Ipoma) turpethum ( standing awry.
syn.te`o). S tri-bhag, adj. & s.f. Having
H tarbuj, s.m. corr. of tarbuz, q.v. the position described under tri-bhaga, an
H tarbar, s.m.=tarwar, q.v. epithet of Krisha:a species of metre,
P tarbuz, vulg. tarbuj, = P tarbuza = consisting of four lines, each of thirty-two
P tarbz, vulg. tarbj, = syllabic instants.
P tarbza (S. ; cf kharbza, S tri-bhuvan, vulg. tir-
S. ), s.m. The water-melon,Cucurbita bhuvan, tir-bhavan, s.m. The three worlds
(heaven, earth, and the lower regions), the
citrullus. (The S. tarambuja, like kharvja, is universe (syn. tri-lok):tri-bhuvan-ujgar,
doubtless a corruption of the Persian:Of the s.m. The splendour of the three worlds:tri-
four forms, the one in common use, in India, bhuvan pati, tri-bhuvan-nth, s.m. Lord of the
is tarbz). three worlds, epithet of Vishu:tri-bhuvan-
P tarbuza = P tarbuz, vulg. tarbuj, = dhan, adj. Possessed of the three worlds, an
P tarbz, vulg. tarbj, = epithet of Indra:tri-bhuvan-sundar, s.f. The
P tarbza (S. ; cf kharbza, beauty of the three worlds; a woman of rare
S. ), s.m. The water-melon,Cucurbita beauty.
P tarbiyat, vulg. tarbyat [for A. , inf.
citrullus. (The S. tarambuja, like kharvja, is
n. ii of ' to grow up,' &c.], s.f. Bringing up,
doubtless a corruption of the Persian:Of the
rearing, fostering, nurturing, breeding; training,
four forms, the one in common use, in India,
education, cultivation, tuition, instruction;
is tarbz).
correction:tarbiyat-par, adj. Capable of
P tarbz, vulg. tarbj, = P tarbuz,
receiving instruction, &c.; docile, tractable,
vulg. tarbuj, = P tarbuza =
teachable:tarbiyat karn (-k), To bring up,
P tarbza (S. ; cf kharbza, rear, foster, cherish, educate, &c.
S. ), s.m. The water-melon,Cucurbita

671
A tarb` [inf. n. ii of ' to make four,' H tri-pu, = H tri-
&c.], s.f. Dividing into four: making a
pura, s.m. Three curved hortzontal marks
quadrangular or square figure; squaring,
made across the forehead with the ashes of
multiplying a number by itself ; (in Astron.) a
burnt cow-dung, sandal, &c., by the followers
quadrangular aspect of the stars, quartile,
of iva or akti (and indispensable in
quadrature; an angle of 90 degrees.
proceeding to worship iva).
H tri-be, vulg. tir-be [S. tri-
H tri-pura, = H tri-
ve], s.f. lit. 'Triple-braid'; the place (now
pu, s.m. Three curved hortzontal marks made
called Allahabad) where the Ganges unites with
across the forehead with the ashes of burnt cow-
the Jamn and is supposed to receive
dung, sandal, &c., by the followers
underground the Sarasvat; the confluence of
of iva or akti (and indispensable in
three sacred rivers.
proceeding to worship iva).
H tarap, s.f.=taap, q.v.
H turpwn (doub. caus.
S trap, s.f. Shame;an unchaste of turupn), v.t. To cause to be hemmed, to
woman (a shame to her family):trap-ra, have (a garment, &c.) hemmed (by, -se).
s.f. A harlot. H tri-pauliy, tir-
S tri-pd, s.m. lit. 'Three-footed';
pauliy [S. + +], s.m. A building with
epithet of Fever personified as a demon or evil
three doors or gates.
spirit, and represented with three feet and three
hands (probably symbolizing the cold, hot, and H turphur [S. or + +
sweating stages of fever). ], adj. Quick, smart, &c.=turtur, q.v.
H turpn, v.t.=turupn, H tr-phal, tir-
and turpwn, q.q.v.
phal [S. +], s.m. A medicine
S tripta, vulg. tript, and tirpat, part.
composed of the three myrobalans, Terminalia
Satiated, satisfied, contented:tripttm, chebula, T. bellerica, andPhyllanthus emblica.
adj.=tripta:tript karn, v.t. To satisfy, to
H taraphn, v.n.=taapn, q.v.
render content.
S tripti, vulg. tirpit, and tirpat, s.f. H turat, turt [S. , rt. ] , adv.
Satisfaction, contentment, satiety, repletion; Quickly, speedily, hastily; instantly, directly,
pleasure, gratification. immediately, at once; recently:turat-
phurat, turt-phurt, s.m. Quickness, swiftness,
S tri-patk, s.m. The fore-head
speed, celerity, promptness, activity; adv.
marked naturally with three lines or wrinkles. Quickly, &c.=turt:turt-k, adj. Recent, new,
S tri-path, s.m. A place where three just;turt-k-janm, adj. & s.m. New-born;a
roads meet (=tirh). new-born child (=turt-k blak).
S tri-pad, and H. tir-pad, s.m. H tirt [S. ?], adj. Treble, triple,
A tripod;adj. (in Math.) Trinomial. three-fold.
S tri-pad, s.f. The girth of an S trit, s.f.=tritwa, q.v.
elephant;the creeper Cissus pedata. H turt`o, adv.=turat, turt, q.v.
S tarpa, and H tartar, s.m. A kind of plate or
H. tarppa, tarpan, s.m. dish.
Satisfaction (given or received); the state of H turtur [S. or redupl.+]
being pleased, pleasure, gratification; satiety, , adj. Quick, active, brisk, nimble; ready,
fulness, repletion;presenting libations to the prompt: voluble; flippant.
gods, or to the manes of deceased ancestors. H tartart (imperf. part. of next), adj. (f. -
H tirpan [Prk. ; ), Dripping with moisture or grease, very wet,
S. ], adj. Fifty-three:tirpan-bel, s.f. very greasy.
A kind of embroidery in the form or a creeper H tartarn [tar, redupl.+ = w = Prk.
with flowers.
=S. caus. augment], v.n. To be
H turpan, s.f. Hemming; felling.
drenched or soaked, to drip with moisture or
H turupn, turapn, v.t. To grease.
hem; to fell.
H tartarn, v.n.=tatan, q.v.

672
H tirtirn [S.
redupl., or S trui, tru, s.f. A very minute
perhaps another form of tartarn], v.n. To space of time, a moment; loss, destruction (cf.
drop, to trickle. o).

H tartarha, s.f.=tatahat, H tri-jag, = S tri-

q.v. jagat, s.m. The triple world (=tri-bhuvan, and
tri-lok, qq.v.).
S taritra, s.m. A boat.
S tri-jagat, = H
H turtur (redupl. of tur, q.v.), s.f. tri-jag, s.m. The triple world (=tri-bhuvan, and
A long trumpet or horn. tri-lok, qq.v.).

A tarjumn, s.m. An interpreter.

H turturiy, adj.=turtur, q.v.
A P tarjumn, s.f. Interpreting; office of
S tritwa, = S tritaya, interpreter.
tritay, s.m. An assemblage or collection of
three, a triad, trinity. P tarjama, vulg. tarjuma (for A.
tarjamat, fem.), s.m. Interpretation;
translation:tarjama karn (-k, or -ko), To
S tritaya, tritay, = S
interpret; to translate:tarjama-navs, s.m. A
tritwa, s.m. An assemblage or collection of translator (=mutarjim);tarjama hon, v.n. To
three, a triad, trinity. be interpreted or translated.

A tartb [inf. n. ii of ' to be firm,

S tarjan, s.m. Threatening; blaming,
stable,' &c.], s.f. Setting in order, arranging;
order, arrangement, disposition, classification, censuring; pointing at in ridicule or contempt;
method:tartb den (me), To set in order, to wrath, anger.
order, arrange, dispose, classify; to assort,
adjust; to compose, &c.:tartb-se, adv. In H tarjn [S. , rt. ], v.t.
order, methodically, regularly, consecutively: To threaten, to terrify; to censure.
tartb-se lagn, tartb karn (-k), To place in
order, &c.=tartb den:tartb-e-nau, s.f. New S tarjan, s.f. The fore-finger (as
arrangement, readjustment:tartb-wr, adj. &
used for threatening).
adv. Orderly, methodical, regular;in order,
methodically, regularly.
S trijy, s.f. The sine of ninety
A P tartb, adj. Orderly, methodical;s.f. degrees, the radius (of a circle).
A preliminary proceeding.
A tarj [inf. n. ii of ' to excel; to
H turt-phurt, s.f. & outweigh,' &c.], s.f. Gaining a superiority;
superiority, preference, excellence, pre-
adv.=turt-phurt, q.v.s.v. turt.
eminence, precedence:tarj-e-bil murajja,
A tartl [inf. n. ii of ' to be well s.f. Unreasonable preference:tarj den, v.t.
arranged,' &c.], s.f. Reading or reciting (esp. the To give (one thing, &c.) the preference (to, -
Qor`n) in a leisurely and distinct manner. par, another), to prefer (to):tarj rakhn (-
par), To have precedence (over), to be superior
(to), to excel, surpass.
S tritya, vulg. tirtya, adj. & s.m.
Third;a third:trity (ya+aa), s.m. A A tarj`, [inf. n. ii of ' to return,' &c.],
third part:tritya-prakriti, s.f. A eunuch; a s.f. Causing to return or recur, &c.:tarj`-
hermaphrodite; (in Gram.) the neuter gender. band, s.m. A kind of stanza in which one line
occurs at stated intervals. (It is, perhaps, only in
S trity, adj. & s.m. Holding the this compound that the word tarj` occurs in
third place or rank; having or receiving a third Urd).
as one's share;a person of the third rank; one
who is entitled to a third part.

673
S taru-jwan, s.m. See s.v. P tar-dast, adj. See s.v. tar.
taru.
S tri-daa, vulg. tri-da, adj. & s.m.
H , tirh [Prk. ; S. Thirty;a name for the thirty-three deities (not
including Brahm, Vishu, and iva);a god,
++], adj. (f. -), Across, athwart, a deity, an immortal; the abode of the thirty-
planting, oblique, crosswise, crooked, bent, three gods, heaven:tri-dahr, s.m. The food
awry, askant; perverse; foolish; affected, of the gods, ambrosia or amrit.
foppish:tirh dekhn, v.n. To look askant, to
squint:tirh karn, v.t. To place across, place S tri-dal, s.f. The creeping plant
transversely or obliquely; to slant, to incline:
tirh lagn (-me), To strike obliquely, to Cissus pedata.
glance:tirh kh karn (-par) = tirh nigh-
se dekhn (-ko), To look askance (at); to look S tri-dan, s.m. A wandering
angrily (at):tirh nazar, s.f. Side glance; leer, mendicant or devotee who has resigned worldly
ogle; squint. pursuits and carries three long bamboo staves
tied together in his right hand;the religious
H tirhn [tirh, q.v.+ = w man who has his words, thoughts, and actions
(or his mind, body, and speech) under control.
= Prk. or =S. (caus.
augment.)+n = Prk. =S. ], v.t. To S tri-dosh, s.m. Disorder of the
place in a transverse position, &c. (=tirh three humors of the body, vitiation of the bile,
karn, q.v.);v.n. To be perverse; to be blood, and phlegm.
affected, be foppish.
S tri-dh, adv. In three ways; in
H tarha, s.f.=tal-ha, q.v. three parts; in three places; threefold, triply,
trebly.
H tirhiyn, (i.q. tirhn,
A tardd [inf. n. ii of ' to reject'], s.f.
with tirch, instead of tirh), v.n. To edge, to
Repelling, opposing; refutation, rebutment;
go obliquely.
rejection, setting aside, reversal (of a
decision):tardd karn (-k), To repel, refute,
A taraum [inf. n. v of ' to have
rebut, disprove; to set aside, reverse, annul,
compassion'], s.m. Pity, compassion, mercy,
repeal.
kindness, lenity.
A tardf [inf. n. ii of ' to ride behind'],
H taran, v.n.=taan, taakn, q.v.
s.f. Following, coming after.
A tarm [inf. n. ii of ' to become soft,
or easy'], s.f. Curtailing, abbreviating; S tri-deva, vulg. tri-dev, s.m. The
abbreviation, contraction, apocope. Hindu Triad Brahm, Vishu and iva.

A taraddud [inf. n. v of ' to cause to S tri-rtra, s.m. = H

return,' &c.], s.m. Wavering, vacillation,
fluctuation (of opinion), hesitation, indecision,
irresolution, suspension of judgment;
perplexity, anxious consideration, anxiety,
trouble (of mind); refusal, rejection; debating;
application, labour, exertion, endeavour,
contrivance; cultivation, improvement:
taraddud karn (-k), To give anxious
consideration (to), &c.
A taraddudt, s.m. pl. (of taraddud),
Waverings, vacillations; anxious thoughts;
labours, exertions, concerns;taraddudt-e-
dunyaw, s.m. Worldly engagements, attention
to worldly concerns.
tri-rtri, tri-rtr, s.f. Three nights
collectively; consecutively; the space or
duration of three nights.
H tri-rtri, tri-rtr, s.f. =
S tri-rtra, s.m. Three nights
collectively; consecutively; the space or
duration of three nights.
H tars, vulg. taras (see tarasn),
s.m. Pity, compassion, mercy (cf. trhi):tars
khn (-par), To feel pity (for), to pity,
compassionate, to show mercy (to):tars lagn
(-ko) = tars khn.

674
 periods or divisions of the day, viz., dawn,
P tars, vulg. taras [Pehl. tars; Zend, tare; S. noon, and evening or sunset.
tras], s.m. Fear, terror, alarm:tars-nk, adj. S tri-sandhya, s.m. =
Fearful, afraid, terrified, timid, cowardly.
S tri-sandhy, s.f. The three
S tiras, adv. Crookedly, obliquely, periods or divisions of the day, viz., dawn,
noon, and evening or sunset.
awry; transversely; indirectly, secretly, covertly
(a particle of abuse or depreciation):tiras-kr H tri-sl, tirsl, s.m.=tri-l,
s.m. tias-kriy, s.f. Disrespect, abuse, reproach, q.v.
censure' disgrace; disdain, contempt;tiras-kr H tarso [S. ++ ,
karn, v.t. To'disgrace, dishonour; to abuse,
cf. atarso; or + ], adv. The third day past;
revile, &c.:tiras-krita, part. Censured,
reviled, abused, reproached; scorned:tiras- the third day to come (two days intervening in
kar, s.f. A curtain, veil, screen of cloth drawn each case; cf. parso).
across a tent or apartment. A tarsl [inf. n. ii of , 'to bring (a
P tars, s.m. A Christian; a fire- message)'], s.f. Sending, transmitting =irsl).
worshipper, guebre; a pagan, an infidel:tars- S tarsha, vulg. tarsh, s.m. Thirst,
baa, s.m. Son of a Christian, or of a fire- &c.=trish, q.v.
worshipper; Christian youth; young fire-
P tursh, turush [S. ; or fr. Zend thware;
worshipper.
see tarsh], adj. Sour, acid; harsh, gruff, ill-
H tars [S. ++], s.m. A
tempered, crabbed, surly:turush-r, adj. Of
bucket (syn. ars). sour aspect; stern-looking; ill-favoured, ugly;
P tarsn (imperf. part. of tars-dan, 'to hard-favoured, surly, morose, crabbed, cynical,
fear'; see tars), adj. Fearful, afraid, timid, stern, gruff:tursh-tab`, turush-mizj, adj.
apprehensive. Sour-tempered, harsh, morose, crabbed, surly.
H tarsn (caus. of tarasn), v.t. S trish, s.f. Thirst; strong desire,
To cause to thirst for, to cause to long for or longing; cupidity, avarice;the
desire eagerly, to tantalize, teaze. plant Commelina salicifolia:
S trasta, vulg. trasit, part. trishrt (sh+r), adj. Suffering from thirst,
Frightened, alarmed; fearful, trembling;s.m. thirsty; affected by desire, tortured by strong
Timid person, trembler, &c. desire:trish-vn, trish-want, adj. Thirsty;
H tirsa, adj.=next, q.v. desirous, longing for.
H turshn [tursh, q.v.+ = w =
H tirsah [Prk. ;
Prk. =S. caus. augment], v.n. To
S. ], adj. Sixty-three (=tresah). become sour, to acidulate.
S tiras-kr, s.m. See H tursh` [tursh, q.v.+` =
s.v. tiras for compounds. Prk. =S. aff. +], s.f. Sourness,
A tarassul [inf. n. v of ' to become &c.=tursh, q.v.
easy in pace'], s.m. Acting gently, deliberately, S tarshit, =
or leisurely; being distinct or proceeding slowly
(in reading). S trishit, part. adj. Thirsting, athirst,
H tarasn [taras = S. (), thirsty; desirous (of), longing (for), cupidinous.
S trishit, =
rt. ], v.n. To long, be eagerly or anxiously
desirous (of), to crave or desire earnestly and S tarshit, part. adj. Thirsting, athirst,
repeatedly, to beg (for), entreat, supplicate; to thirsty; desirous (of), longing (for), cupidinous.
be tantalized. S tri-shubh, s.f. A sort of metre in
H tarsn, tarasn [tars = which the stanza consists of three lines of
S. (), rt. ], v.n. To feel pity (for)=tars various lengths.
khn, q.v.s.v. tars. A tarashsho [inf. n. v of ' to exude
sweat,' &c.], s.m. Sweating, exuding,
P tars-nk (S. + ), adj. Fearful, exudation; dropping, dripping, distilling;
timid, cowardly (see tars). sprinkling, small rain, drizzle;adj. Manifest,
S tri-sandhy, s.f. = apparent:tarashsho hon, v.n. To drizzle
S tri-sandhya, s.m. The three (=phu`iy pan);to be apparent, to appear,
seem.

675
H tri-ir (S. tri-iras), adj. & s.m. of rhyming prose, or of verse, conformable in
their measures, and agreeing, in their latter
Three-headed, having three tops or points;
parts, with the corresponding words of the
name of an Asur killed by Vishu; name of
corresponding clause (cf. muraa`).
a Rksha killed byRma.
A targb [inf. n. ii of ' to desire'], s.f.
S tri-ara, s.m. (With Exciting desire, incitement, instigation,
Buddhists) The three places of refuge, viz. stimulation, incentive; inducement; temptation,
Buddha, the Law, and the Assembly:a allurement, lure, bait:targb den (-k), To
Buddha; a sanctified teacher of the Jain sect. stimulate, incite, instigate, excite, induce; to
S tri-riga, vulg. tri-rig, entice, tempt, allure.
adj. & s.m. Having three horns or peaks;a hill A taraqqub [inf. n. v of ' to watch for'],
with three peaks; a triangle. s.m. Waiting (for), watching (for); expectation;
hoping; contemplating.
S tri-ring, adj. & s.m. Having
A taraqq [inf. n. v of ' to ascend'], s.f.
three horns;a species of fish, Cyprinus rohita, Rising step by step, advancement, elevation,
or C. denticulatus. promotion, preferment; progress, improvement,
S turushka, vulg. turushk, s.m. The proficiency; increase:taraqq pn, v.n. To
country of the Indo-Scythians or Turks, Turan obtain preferment, be promoted, to rise; to be
or Turkistan;olibanum, Indian incense. increased:taraqq karn (-k), To advance,
H turushk [S. ], s.m. The raise, elevate, promote:taraqq-par (or, -
me) hon, To be progressing or improving; to
Indo-Scythian race, the Turks. be on the increase.
S tarsha, s.m. Thirsting, thirst; A taraqqiyt, s.f. pl. (of taraqq),
desiring desire. Preferments, advances, &c.
H tarashn, (fr. the trans. tarshn), v.n. A tarqq [inf. n. ii of
' to be thin,' &c.],
To be pared, &c. (see tarshn). s.f. Thinning; dilution; rarefaction; softening.
S trish, s.f. Thirst; strong desire; A tarqm [inf. n. ii of ' to mark, stamp,'
&c.], s.f. Marking, figuring (cloth, &c.);
ambition; cupidity, avarice:
writing, noting.
trishnrta (n+r), adj. Very thirsty,
oppressed with thirst; tortured with desire: H tarak [S. , rt. +], s.f. Rafter,
trishn-kshay, s.m. Cessation of desire, beam.
tranquillity of mind, contentment, resignation, S tarik, s.m. A ferry-man; a raft,
patience. float.
S trishaj, adj. Thirsty (physically S tark, s.m. Supposition, conjecture;
or metaphorically); desirous, longing for, reasoning, speculation, inquiry, consideration,
cupidinous. meditation, discussion, disputation; argument,
H tarashwn (caus. of tarshn), v.t. To objection, plea; doubt; the science of reasoning,
cause to be cut or pared, to have (a thing) cut, logic; (in logic) a proposition:tark uhn,
&c. v.n. To raise an objection or plea:tark-stra,
S tri-sl, s.m. A trident, a three- s.m.=tark-vidy, s.f. The science of reasoning
pointed pike or spear (especially the weapon or disputation, logic:tark karn, v.t. To
of iva):tri-l-pi, adj. Trident in hand, an consider, investigate, reason, &c. (=tarkn).
epithet of iva. A tark, s.m. Abandoning, forsaking,
S tri-l, s.m. The trident-bearer, leaving; setting aside; abandonment, desertion;
relinquishmentrenunciation; abdication;
an epithet of iva. omission, neglect; a catch-word:tark-e-adab,
P tursha, turusha (rel. n. from tursh, q.v.), s.m. Rudeness, incivility, disrespect; boldness,
s.m. A species of fruit; wild sorrel. presumptuousness:tark karn, v.t. To
P tursh (from tursh), s.f. Sourness, abandon, forsake, desert, leave, quit; to set
acidity; harshness, gruffness, sternness; aside; to give up, relinquish, renounce, resign;
surliness, crabbedness, ill-temper:turshi-bd, to leave off, desist from, cease (syn. tygn):
adj. (in Med.) Acid or flatulent.
tark-e-watan, s.m. Leaving one's native land,
A taraud [inf. n. v of ' to watch or emigration:tark hon, v.n. To be abandoned;
wai' for], s.m. Watching or waiting (for), to be given up; to be in disuse.
expectation hope.
A tar` [inf. n. ii of ' to stick'], s.f. A tark, s.m. An iron helmet or cap (worn in
Set ting, fixing, or putting together (jewels, battle).
precious stones, &c.); furnishing or adorning
with jewels, &c.; making the words of a clause

676
A & P turk, vulg. turuk, turak (cf. S. doubtful; disputatious;s.m. A disputatious
turushka), s.m. 'A Turk'; a Turkish, or a person.
Mohammadan soldier; a Mohammadan; a
barbarian; a plunderer; a vagabond; (fig.) a P turk-tz, s.m. See s.v. turk.
beautiful-faced person:turk-istn, s.m. The
country of the (eastern) Turks, Transoxiania: S tarku (see tarku), s.m.
turk-tz, s.m. turk-tz, s.f. A rapid raid or
Drawing out the cotton upon the distaff or upon
plundering expedition; inroad, depredation,
the wheel; spinning.
attack (=tz);feigned anger (of a lover);
walking affectedly or with a swinging gait:
turk-ashm, s.m. A captivating or killing eye: S tri-ka, s.m. The plant Ruellia
turk-sawr, s.m. A horseman, cavalier:turk- longifolia.
mizj, adj. Of a savage disposition, ruthless,
cruel; sly; wicked, depraved. H tri-ku, tir-ku, = S
tri-kau s.m. The aggregate of three
S trika, vulg. trik, adj. & s.m. Triple,
spices, viz. black pepper, long pepper, and dry
threefold; forming a triad;the aggregate of ginger.
three, a triad; the chin-bone; the hip.
S tri-kau = H tri-ku,
S trik, s.f. A triangular frame or bar
across the mouth of a well (over which passes tir-ku, s.m. The aggregate of three
the rope of the bucket); a frame at the bottom of spices, viz. black pepper, long pepper, and dry
a well (on which the masonry rests). ginger.

S tark (see tark), s.f. Logical S tarku, s.f. A spindle, a distaff

reasoning. (=tarku).

H tarkr (cf. tara), s.f. Esculent P turk-istn, s.m. See s.v. turk.
vegetables; meat (in this sense used by Hinds
only). P tarkash (S. +), s.m. A quiver:
tarkash-band, adj. Wearing a quiver.
S tri-kl, s.m. The three times or
tenses, the past, present, and future; morning, S tarkil, s.m. The tree Cassia tora.
noon, and evening:tri-kla-ja (vulg. tri-kla-
gya), adj. & s.m. Knowing the three times, H tarkul [S. +], s.m.
omniscient;a divine sage; a name of Buddh; a The fruit of the palmyra (=t-phal).
deity:tri-kl-dar, adj. & s.m. Seeing the
past, present, and future; omniscient;a Rishi
S tarkin, s.m. A follower of the
or divine sage; a name of Buddha; the
Omniscient. Tark-stra; a logician, disputant, reasoner.

P turkn, s.m. pl. (of turk), Turks, &c.; P H turkan, turkin (from turk), s.f.=turkan,
s.f. (fig.) Beautiful women. q.v.

P turkna, adj. Like a Turk, Turk-like; H , tarkn [tark = S.

Turkish.
(), rt. ], v.t. To consider, investigate,
P turkn, s.f. A kind of spacious upper reason or speculate about; to discuss, dispute,
garment worn by the women of Turkistan. doubt, &c. (see tark).

P turkniya, adj.=turkna, q.v. S tri-kanak, s.m. A kind of

fish (Silurus); a species of plant (=tri-ka; and
P tarikat (for A. ), s.f.=tarika, q.v. gokhr).

S tarkit, part. adj. Investigated, P H turkan, turkin [turk, q.v.+S. ],

examined, discussed; disputed, doubted; s.f. A Turkish or Turcoman woman; (in India) a
Musalman woman.

677
 salt:tirkh-s, adj. (Bot.), Deltoid, delta-
S tarku, s.f. A spindle, a distaff; an leaved.
iron pin upon which the cotton is first drawn
out (syn. taku`, takl):tarku-pin, s.m. and H tirkh, = H
tarku-ph, s.f. A ball of clay, &c., at the lower tirkhu, = H
end of a spindle to arsist in giving it a rotatory
motion:tark-n, s.m. A small whetstone for tirkh, [S. + , or +], s.f. A
sharpening spindles, &c.:tarku-lsak, s.m. A three-sided figure, triangle; trivet, tripod; a kind
concave shell or saucer which serves to hold the of triangular weapon; a triangular cake of
lower end of the spindle when wheeled round. salt:tirkh-s, adj. (Bot.), Deltoid, delta-
leaved.
S tri-k, vulg. tir-ko, adj. & s.m.
Having three peaks;a three-peaked mountain; S tark, s.m.=tarkin, q.v.
name of several mountains in India;sea-salt
prepared by evaporation. H tark [S. +; =],
s.f. A kind of ear-ring worn by women (made
S tri-ko, vulg. tirkon, adj. & originally of the t leaf).
s.m. Three-cornered, triangular;a triangle; the
vulva:tri-ko-mit, or tri-ko-mit vidy, s.f. P turk (from turk), adj. & s.m. Of or
The science of trigonometry (syn. ilm-e- belonging to a Turk; Turkish, Turk-like;a
musallas). horse of Turkish breed;s.f. The Turkish
language; Turk-like qualities or habits,
P tarika, vulg. tarka (for A. tarikat, oppression, haughtiness, insolence, &c. (see
fem.), s.m. A legacy, bequest; inheritance; turk):turk ba-turk, adv. Insolence for
inheritance by succession or bequest; effects or insolence, &c.; tit for tat; a Rowland for an
estate of a deceased person:tarika bil Oliver (e.g. jawb turk ba-turk den, To
wayat-nma, s.m. Intestate property:tarka- answer insolence with insolence, to give tit for
pnewl, s.m. A legatee:tarke-me n, v.n. tat):turk tamm hon (-k), One's pride or
To come as a bequest, be obtained as an haughtiness to come to an end; to be humbled
inheritance;to descend (to); to succeed (to); or abased; to be undone or ruined; to be all over
to come into possession:tarke-me hon, (with).
v.t. To leave as a legacy, to bequeath.
A tarkb [inf. n. ii of ' to overlie,' &c.],
s.f. Putting together, combining, mixing; setting
H tarkh [S. +?+], adj. (a stone); composition; compound; mixture;
Swift, rapid (as a stream). construction, structure, make, mechanism;
form, fashion, mode, method, arrangement;
H tirkh, s.f.=trish, q.v. means, plan, contrivance:tarkb batn (k),
To exhibit the structure (of a clause or
sentence), to coustrue, to analyse:tarkb-
H tirkhit, part. adj.=trishit, q.v.
band, s.m. A particular kind of metrical
composition; a stanza:tarkb-dr, adj. Well-
H tirkhu, = H formed, symmetrical:tarkb den (-ko), To
give form or shape (to), to form, fashion; to
tirkh, = H
make, construct, organize:tarkb-se, adv. In
tirkh, [S. + , or +], s.f. A due proportion; in proper form, or measure,
three-sided figure, triangle; trivet, tripod; a kind &c.; economically; carefully:kis tarkb-se,
of triangular weapon; a triangular cake of adv. By some means, somehow:tarkb karn
salt:tirkh-s, adj. (Bot.), Deltoid, delta- (-k), To construct, frame, organize; to construe,
leaved. &c. (=tarkb batn).

H tirkh, = H A tarkbt, s.f. pl. (of tarkb),

Compositions; compounds; mixtures, &c.
tirkhu, = H
tirkh, [S. + , or +], s.f. A A P tarkb, adj. Composed; compounded,
mixed; artful, artificial.
three-sided figure, triangle; trivet, tripod; a kind
of triangular weapon; a triangular cake of

678
S turag (i.e. tura+ga), s.m. lit. 'Going S tri-lok, s.f. The universe
quickly;' a horse (=turang):turag-brahma- (=tri-lok), the aggregate of the three worlds:
ryak, s.m. lit. 'the sexual restraint of horses'; tri-lok-nth, s.m. Lord of the universe, an
compulsory celibacy, leading a life of epithet of Vishu, and of iva.
continence in consequence merely of being
without female society. H turam [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A
trumpet (=tura`, q.v.).
H tri-gart [S. ++], s.m.
The country of the Trigartas, the modern H turum, s.m. Fetter; stocks (syn. pai-
Lahore.
ka; paw`).
S tri-gart, s.f. A lascivious
S tri-mtrik, adj. & s.m.
woman, a wanton.
Pertaining to, or consisting of a protracted
vowel (i.e. a vowel lengthened to three mtrs
S tri-ga, s.m. The aggregate of the or prosodial instants); a vowel so lengthened
three objects of existence, viz. virtue, pleasure, (=plut).
and wealth (syn. tri-varg, q.v.).
S tri-mrg, s.f. Three ways or
S tri-gu, s.m. The three qualities paths; the meeting of three roads (=tri-path; ti-
or constituents of nature and every existing rh).
thing;any creature possessing those three
qualities;adj. Consisting of three threads or H
turmat [S. +; or from
strings; threefold, triple, treble, thrice;
possessing the three guas or qualities:tri- rt. ; P. turmty], s.f. A species of hawk or
gutmak, s.m. One who possesses the three falcon (Falco fasciatus, or F. tinnunculus, or F.
guas or properties, an epithet of man. dubius).

S turag, adj. & s.m. Mounted or S tri-madhu, s.m. lit. 'The three
carried on a horse, riding, equestrian; sweet substances, sugar, honey, and gh'; a
horseman, cavalier. portion of the Rig-veda beginning with the
S turag, s.f. A mare; the plant word madhu; one who knows or recites the
three verses beginning with madhu.
Physalis flexuosa.
H tirmir [S. +], s.m.
S taral, adj. & s.m. Trembling,
'Darkness in the eyes,' sensation of being
tremulous; unsteady, inconstant, changeable, dazzled; an ocular spectrum or spark appearing
fickle, capricious, volatile; ticklish; wanton, before the eye (from the internal state of that
libidinous, lecherous;splendid, glittering, organ; cf. tirmir); a spot of oil or grease
sparkling, luminous;a fickle person, &c. swimming on water or any other liquid.

H tarl [S. +], s.m. Bottom, H tirmirt (imperf. part. of

depth, lower or under part (=tal); a kind of
bamboo;adj. Lower, nethermost.
S tri-loan, adj. & s.m. Tri-
ocular, three-eyed;the three-eyed one, an
epithet of iva.
S tri-lok, s.m. The three worlds, glisten as oil or grease swimming on water, &c.
i.e. the sky, atmosphere, and earth; or heaven,
earth, and the lower region;the universe;an H
inhabitant of the three worlds:tri-lok-nth,
s.m. Lord of the three worlds, an epithet of
Indra.
next), adj. (f. -), Dazzling, &c.
H tirmirn [tirmir+ = w =
Prk. =S. (caus. augment)+n = Prk.
=S. ], v.n. To dazzle; to be dazed;
to be dizzy; to quiver, vibrate, thrill, shake; to
tirmirha
[tirmir(n)+hat = wa = Prk. + =S.
()++], s.f. Dazzling; glistening;
quivering, vibration; becoming dizzy.

679
H tirmir [S. +], s.f. animal:tri-rj, s.m. 'King of plants'; the
Darkness before the eyes, dizziness, swimming palm or palmyra tree, Borassus
in the head, giddiness, vertigo (=tewar). flabelliformis:tri-may, adj. Abounding in
grass, grassy; made of grass:tri-vn, tri-
A turmus, turmis, tirmis (from the Gr. vat, tri-vant, adj. Abounding in grass,
or Coptic ), s.m. The lupine, the grassy;tri-vat, adj. Grass-like; like a straw;
Turkish lupine. insignificant, worthless.

S tri-muku, s.m. A mountain H tarn [Prk. ; S. , rt.

with three peaks (=tri-k).
], v.t. To cross, pass over, traverse;v.n.
To be ferried over, to pass (over); to be saved.
S tri-mukh, adj. & s.m. Three-
faced; having three mouths;the confluence of H tirn (see trn or tairn), v.n. To
three rivers. swim; to float; to go over or across, &c.
(=tarn):tir-jn, v.n. (intensive) To go
S tri-mrti, tri-mrti, across, swim across:tirt phirn, v.n. To be
adj. Having or assuming three forms or shapes swimming or floating about, to swim about.
(as Brahm, Vishu, and iva);s.m. a
Buddha; a Jain saint;s.f. Trinity, the Hind H taru-pan [S. +;+pan
triad. = Prk. =S. (Vedic )], s.m. Youth,
adolescence, puberty; season or time of youth.
H tri-muhn, tir-muhn, adj.
&c.=tri-mukh, q.v. S tri-ntriket, s.m.=tri-
A tarmm [inf. n. ii of ' to repair'], s.f. niket, q.v.
Repairing, putting in a sound state; rectifying;
rectification, improvement, amendment; S tringni, s.m. See s.v. trin.
modification, alteration:tarmm karn (-k),
To mend, repair, put in a sound state, to rectify, H taru` [S. +` = Prk.
&c.
=S. aff. +], s.f. Youth, &c.=tarun-
S tara, s.m. Passing over, crossing; pan, q.v.
being saved, escape, deliverance; Svarga or
paradise (the final landing-place); a raft; a S tarant, s.m. The ocean; a heavy
boat;one who is saved or delivered:tara- shower, a torrent of rain; a fog.
tra, s.m. The saved and the saviour.
H turant, turunt [Prk. ,
S taru, adj. & s.m. Young, juvenile; ; S. ], adv. Quickly, &c.=turt, q.v.
adult; fresh, new, novel;a young man, one of
the virile age; the castor-oil plant, Ricinus
S taruat, s.f. (taruatva, m.),
communis; the plant Achyranthes aspera, and
its blossom; cartilage; a sprout. Youth, &c.=taru-pan.

H turan, adj. & adv.=tr, q.v. S triat, s.f. (triatva, m.), The
state or property of grass or herbage,
S tria, vulg. tri, s.m. Grass; a herb or gramineousness.
any gramineous plant; a blade of grass;
S tarant, s.f. A boat, vessel, ship
straw:trigni (na+ag), s.m. A grass fire,
i.e. one quickly extinguished; conflagration of (=tara).
straw or chaff; burning a criminal wrapped up
in straw:tri-pallav, s.m. A blade of grass: P turanj, turunj (S. tarang 'a wrinkle'; the
tri-pa, s.m. 'Pressing as close as grass,' close change of vowel, &c. being probably due to the
combat:tri-jti, s.m. The vegetable Arabic), s.m. A citron; an orange;an
kingdom:tri-jambha, adj. & s.m. Feeding on ornamental tissue, an embroidered work.
grass, graminivorus;a graminivorous

680
A turanjabn, turanjubn, taranjubn (the
Persian tarangubn Arabicized), s.m. Persian S tria-vat, adv. See s.v. tri.
manna (obtained from the Hedysarum alhagi).

P turunj, turanj, adj. Of citron, or of S tarai, adj. & s.m. Passing

orange; citron-coloured; orange-coloured.
S tara, s.m. A raft or float (made
of bamboos, &c. tied together, and sometimes
floated upon jars or hollow gourds inverted);
the float of a fishing line.
through, pervading (space, &c.);the sun; a
ray of light.
S tarai, tara, s.f. A float,
raft, boat; the plant Aloe perfoliata; the plant
Hibiscus mutabilis.

S tara, s.f. A raft, &c. S taru, s.f. A young woman (from

(=taran); a boat, ship. sixteen to thirty years of age); a young wife.

S trias, adj. Grassy; made with S tri-ayan, adj. & s.m.=tri-

grass. loan, q.v.

S triat, adj. Thirty. S taruya, s.m.=taru-pan, q.v.

S tria, adj. Thirtieth. S taru, and H. tarav, s.m. A

tree:taru-tar, taru-tal, s.m. The ground under
S tarang, s.f. Wave, billow, ripple; a tree or about its root; the foot of a tree;adv.
Under a tree (=taru tale):taru-jvan, s.m. The
emotion; rapture, transport, ecstasy; fancy, root of a tree (i.e. its vital organ):taru-rj,
conceit, whim, caprice; becoming state and s.m. 'The king of trees,' the palmyra-tree; an
dignity. epithet of any large or mythologically important
tree (as the ppal; kalpa-vriksh, &c.).
S turang, adj. & s.m. Moving
quickly; a horse (=turag). H tarwr, s.f.=talwr, q.v.

P tar-agubn, tarangabn,
s.m.=taranjubn, q.v.
S taragit, part. adj. Wavy;
overflowing (cf. tarang).
S turagam, s.m. A horse
(=turang).
S taragin, s.f. A river.
H turagn [S. +], s.f.
lit. 'Going quickly'; a dragon-fly.
S tarang, adj. & s.m. Wavy,
moving like a billow; moving restlessly to and
fro, unsteady; fanciful, whimsical, capricious;
fantastical; braggart;an unsteady person; a
whimsical person; a braggart.
S turag, s.f.=turaq, q.v.
A tarannum [inf. n. v of ' to trill or Cassia auriculata (the bark of which is used for
quaver'], s.m. Trilling, quavering, singing,
modulating; song, modulation, rhythm.
S troak, s.m. A minor drama; (in
Pros.) a species of metre.
S troak, s.f. A rgin or one of
the female personifications of music.
S tro, s.f. Beak or bill (of a bird);
mouth (of a fish); a kind of pike, Esox kankila.
H tiroda, s.f.=trayo-da, q.v.
S tri-vidh, adj. Of three kinds;
threefold, triple; in three ways:tri-vidh-tp,
s.f. The three kinds of suffering (i.e. deh tp, or
that which is occasioned by the body; daivit-
tp, or that which comes from Providence, as
calamity, &c.; and bhavatik-tp, or that which
arises from existence, or from contact with the
world).
H tarwar [S. ], s.m. The plant
tanning, and the seeds and leaves are used
medicinally).

681
H taru-war, tarwar[S. S tri-ved, vulg. tri-bed, adj. &
+], s.m. A tree; a shrub. s.m. Familiar or acquainted with the three
Vedas;one who is acquainted with the three
Vedas.
S tri-vrit-par, s.f. The
pot-herb Hincha repens. S tri-ve, s.f. See the com. form
tri-ben.
S tri-varg, vulg. tri-barg, ti-barg,
s.m. An aggregate of three things or substances, P tara, tarra, s.m. Garden-herbs, pot-herbs,
&c.; the three objects or pursuits of life, viz. greens (syn. sg):tara-tez, tara-tezak, s.m.
religion or virtue (dharm), pleasure (km), and Garden-cresses, Lepidium sativum:tara-
wealth (arth); the three conditions of a king or farosh, s.m. A green-grocer.
of a state, viz. progress (vriddhi), remaining
stationary (sthna), and decline (kshay), or gain, H tirhut [S. ], s.f. The
equality, and loss; the three qualities of nature,
district of Tirhut in Bengal.
viz. purity, blindness, and depravity; the three
higher castes or tribes.
H tirhutig [tirhut+S. +],
S tri-varak, s.m. The plant adj. & s.m. Of or belonging to Tirhut; produced
or made in Tirhut;a native of Tirhut.
Ruella longifolia; the three myrobalans (=tri-
phal); the three spices.
H turh, s.f.=tur or tura`, q.v.
H tarwariy, s.m.=talwr, and
talwariy, q.v. H tara` [S. +], s.f. A star
(=taraiy, tra).
S tri-vi-kram, s.m. The three
steps or strides (of Vishu); one who makes S tar, tari, s.f. A boat.
three steps or strides, an epithet of Vishu (who
paced the three worlds in three steps in his P tar (from tar), s.f. Freshness, juiciness,
Vman avatr or 'dwarf incarnation'). ripeness; moisture, dampness, humidity,
wetness; water (in opp. to ushk, 'dry land');
S tri-val, vulg. tir-bal, s.f. The low lands on the bank of a river, &c., land
covered with water, moist soil, marsh,
three folds or wrinkles across the abdomen swamp;sugar;tari-se, adv. By water:tar-
(=tri-bal). k rh, s.f. & adv. Water-route, journey by
water;by water.
H tiraud [S. + with
inserted], s.m. A float; a buoy; a beacon. H tare, postpn.=tale, q.v.s.v tal.

H tarowar, s.m.=taruwar or H tura` [S. +], s.f. The

tarwar, and tal`o, q.q.v.
S tiro-hit, part. Covered,
concealed, hidden, removed or withdrawn from
sight.
A tarwj [inf. n. ii of ' to be in pieces fixed into one another.
demand,' &c.], s.f. Causing (a thing, &c.) to be
in demand; making (money, &c.) to pass or be
current; currency:tarwj den (-ko), To give
currency (to), to make current.
S tri-veda, tri-ved, vulg. tri-bed,
s.m. The three Vedas, viz. Rig, Yajus, and
Sman.
cucurbitaceous plant, and the vegetable, Luffa
acutangula.
H tur, tura` [S.] , s.f. A
trumpet, clarion; a musical instrument, called
by Europeans collery horn, consisting of three
S tur, s.f. A brush or fibrous stick
used by weavers to clean the woof; a weaver's
beam (=tur); a painter's brush.
H tu-re, s.m. (tur, f.), A contemptuous
term of address (see s.v. are).

682
S tri, vulg. tiri, tir, tir,
A tiryq, adj. & s.m. Intoxicated;an
adj. Three (used in comp.):tir-phal, s.m.=itr-
opium-eater.
phal, q.v. (cf. tri-phala).
P tiryk, s.m.=tiryq, q.v.
S traya, vulg. tray = S trai (in
comp.) (from tri), adj. Triple, threefold, S tri-ym, s.f. lit. 'Containing
consisting of three; divided into three parts; (in
three watches'; night;an epithet of the river
comp.) three (=tri);s.m. Three collectively, a
Jamna.
triad, triplet:trai-ekatva, traikatva, s.m. The
union of three in one, trinity in unity:tray-tp,
s.f.=tri-vidh tp, q.v.s.v. trividh:trai-rik, S tri-ymak, s.m. Sin (`the
s.m. The rule of three (in Arith.):tray-rekh, impeder of the three objects of life').
s.f. Three lines, &c. (=tri-bal); three rows:
trai-lok, s.m. The ruler of trilok or the three H tir-bir, adj. Dispersed,
worlds, an epithet of Indra:trai-vidy, s.m.
scattered (=titar-bitar).
The three sciences; the three Vedas; study or
knowledge of the three Vedas; one versed in the
three Vedas; one who is acquainted with three H taret [S. ], s.m. A float; a
sciences. buoy.

S trai (in comp.) = S traya, S tret, s.f. A collection or

vulg. tray (from tri), adj. Triple, threefold,
consisting of three; divided into three parts; (in
comp.) three (=tri);s.m. Three collectively, a
triad, triplet:trai-ekatva, traikatva, s.m. The
union of three in one, trinity in unity:tray-tp,
s.f.=tri-vidh tp, q.v.s.v. trividh:trai-rik,
s.m. The rule of three (in Arith.):tray-rekh,
s.f. Three lines, &c. (=tri-bal); three rows:
trai-lok, s.m. The ruler of trilok or the three
worlds, an epithet of Indra:trai-vidy, s.m.
The three sciences; the three Vedas; study or
knowledge of the three Vedas; one versed in the
three Vedas; one who is acquainted with three
sciences.
H taraiy, tara`iy [S. +], s.f. +], v.n. To stare;v.t. To stare at.
A star.
H triy, tiriy, tiry [Prk.
; S. +], s.f. A woman, female; a P tarez, tirez [Zend tiraa; S. ], s.f.
wife:tiriy-bed, s.f. The science or
knowledge of women:triy-aritr, vulg. tiry-
illattar, s.m. Women's ways; woman's wiles or
artfulness:tiry-rj, triy-rjya, s.m. Woman's
rule; the kingdom of women, Amazon country;
wife-rule, petticoat-government:tiry-ha, s.f.
Woman's persistency, female persistence, or
importunity, &c.
A tiryq (supposed to be the Gr.
Arabicized), s.m. Theriac (also called 'treacle'),
an antidote (for poisons, snake-bites, &c.);
Bezoar stone; a sovereign remedy; opium
(because it is a remedy for anxiety, &c.):
tiryq-e-fruq, tiryq-fruq, s.m. The best kind
of tiryq.
assemblage of three, a triad; the three sacred
fires collectively (i.e. the southern, household,
and sacrificial fires); the second yug or silver
age of the Hinds (comprising 1,296,000
years):tretgni (t+ag), s.m. The three
sacred fires collectively (=agni-tret); one who
has preserved the three sacred fires.
S tartra, s.m. A boat.
S trai-rik, s.m. See s.v. tray
or trai for compounds of which trai is the first
member.
H tarern [tarer = S. rt.
H tare, s.m.=tae, q.v.
A cross-piece put in to enlarge the sleeve or
skirt of a garment, a gusset.
H tresah, tiresah, adj.=tirsah,
q.v.
S tri-yashi, s.m. A species of
medicinal plant, Mollugo pentaphylla.
S tiryak (from tirya), adv. Across,
obliquely, transversely, horizontally (occurring
in comp., when the final k is liable to be
changed to g):tiryag, tiryag-ga, adj. & s.m.
Going obliquely, going across or
horizontally;an animal:tiryag-ja, adj. Born

683
from an animal, brute-born:tiryag-yona, s.m. ta (S. taa-taa), s.m. & adv. The sound
An animal; brute, quadruped:tiryag-yoni, s.f. produced by a thing falling continuously or in
The womb of an animal; the animal creation, quick successive strokes upon another, crack-
organic nature. crack, whack-whack, patter-patter;in quick
successive strokes, with a crack-crack, &c. (e.g.
S tiryakt, s.f. The state of going jtiy ta--ta pa).
across or obliquely; the state of a beast or
animal, animal nature. H ta [S. ], s.m. An island
(=ar).
P tarn (see tar); an affix, the termination of
the superlative degree in Persian (corresponding H ta-bhar [S.
to the English termination -est, or the adverb
'most,' e.g. b-tarn, 'fairest, most beautiful'). ++], s.f. Haste, hurry, despatch,
hurry-scurry, flight, panic; a number of deaths
P tarn [tar, q.v.; n = Zend ana = S. ], following in quick succession, great
adj. Moist, fresh, &c. (=tar, q.v.). mortality:ta-bhar pan or hon, v.n. A
general flight to take place (in consequence of, -
se); great mortality to occur.
S tirya, adv.=tiryak, q.v.;s.m.
An animal; a brute; an amphibious animal. H ta, s.m.=tak, q.v.

H tired, = H tired, H ta, s.m.=tae, q.v.

[S. , or +], s.m. The float of a
fishing line; a float; a buoy (=taret). H taq, s.f.=tak, q.v.

H tired, = H tired, H taq, s.m.=tak, q.v.

[S. , or +], s.m. The float of a H tak [Prk. and S. ], s.m. A

fishing line; a float; a buoy (=taret). pond, &c. (=tag), q.v.

S trayo-da, adj. Thirteenth. H tak [S. ++rt. ], s.f.

Sound of the snapping, bursting, or cracking,
S trayo-da, s.f. The &c. of a body or thing; sound of a stroke or
thirteenth day of the lunar fortnight. blow; crack, crash, whack, &c. (see next):
tak-pak, adv. In quick succession, quickly,
S trayo-vina, adj. Twenty- rapidly; without delay or hesitation, readily, at
third. once:tak-se, adv. With a crack or crash,
with a report; noisily, boisterously, rudely;
without hesitation, smartly, quickly.
S trayo-vinati, adj.
Twenty-three. H tak, s.m. Sound of snapping,
&c. (=tak); pelting, down-pour (of a heavy
S turya, adj. & s.m. The fourth, a
shower); banging, pealing, rattling (of
fourth part; whose power extends on all four musketry, &c.); bustle, briskness, din, clamour
sides, mighty;Brahm or the universal spirit; (of an extensive business); clatter, clash, fury,
the fourth state of the soul (according to the violence (of a storm, &c.); sharpness, rigour,
Vednta philosophy), the state in which the soul ardour, severity, intensity (of cold, heat, rain,
has become one with the universal spirit. wind, &c), pressure, scarcity, lack (of any
commodity):take-k, adj. (f. ), Pelting (as
S tray (from traya), s.f. A triad, rain); violent (as a storm); intense (as cold,
triplet; the three Vedas collectively (i.e. the Rig, &c.); noisy, bustling, brisk (as a business);
Yajur, and Sma);the plant Conyz loud, gaudy; brilliant, splendid, magnificent.
serratula:tray-dharma, s.m. The duties, forms
of sacrifice, &c. prescribed by the three Vedas. H tak, s.f.=tark, q.v.

H ta [S. ], s.m. Side, party, H tag, s.m.=tag, q.v.

division, faction;an imitative sound:ta--

684
 H tapa = H
H tan (see tatan), v.n. To tapaha [base of tapan +ha = wa =
have a sharp pricking pain (from inflammation, Prk. + =S. ()++], s.f.
&c.); to tingle, smart, ache, throb.
Floundering, fluttering; flutter, agitation,
restlessness, disquietude, palpitation (syn. be-
H tun [caus. of ton;tur = ain).
Prk. or =S. ()+
caus. increment], v.t. To cause to break; to H taapn (see taap), v.n. To roll
break, rend; tear, worry (as a dog does); to beat or toss about restlessly or uneasily; to flounder,
down, lower (price); to change (money). flounce; to be agitated; to flutter, beat, palpitate,
throb; to quiver, vibrate, writhe, wriggle; to
H taw, s.m.=tay, q.v. jump, spring, bound; to be anxiously eager
(for), be eagerly desirous, to long (for).
H tu` [tu, base of tun+` =
H taaph, s.f.=taap, q.v.
Prk. =S. ()++()],
s.f. Price paid for plucking fruits, &c., price H taphn, v.t=tapn, q.v.
paid for changing money, discount, exchange.

H tay (i.q. tak, q.v.), s.m. H taphan, v.n.=tapan,

Gaudiness (in dress), wearing smart clothes, and taapn, q.v.
foppishness; vanity, show, ostentation:tary-
dr, adj. & s.m. Showy, ostentatious, vain, H taphahat = H
foppish;one who wears fine clothes, or is tapha s.f.=tapaha and tapa,
particular as to dress, &c., a fop.
qq.v.
H taap [S. , or +; cf. the
H tapha = H
form tapha-n], s.f. Tossing or rolling about
restlessly or uneasily, feverish disquietude (of taphahat s.f.=tapaha and
body or mind); agitation, flutter; throb, tapa, qq.v.
palpitation; anxious eagerness or desire; haste,
hurry; leap, jump, bound, spring; glitter, flash H taaphn, v.n.=taapn, q.v.
(of lightning); crack, report, explosion;
violence, fury, outrageousness.
H tapl [taap, q.v.+Prk.
H [caus. of taapn; = w = =S. +], adj. Hasty, hurrying;
Prk. or =S. ], v.t. To render eager; smart, active, nimble.
uneasy or restless; to put (one) in great
agitation; to cause to flutter; to cause to H tait (S. tait), s.f. Lightning.
stumble, &c. (see taapn).
H tatan [S. or
H tapa, s.m. The noise of +n = Prk. or +=S.
falling water.
+], v.n. To snap, burst with a loud
H tapan, v.n.=taapn, q.v. report, crack; to thunder; to crackle, frizzle,
fizz, whiz, hiss; to drop, patter, clatter; to storm,
to rage; to bluster, boast; to tingle, smart, ache,
H tapaha = H throb.
tapa [base of tapan +ha = wa H tataha (for ha see
= Prk. + =S. ()++], s.f. tapaha), s.f. Snap, crack, report, clap (of
thunder); crackle; clatter, patter; storming, rage;
Floundering, fluttering; flutter, agitation,
bluster, boast; tingle, smart, ache, throb.
restlessness, disquietude, palpitation (syn. be-
ain).
H tajan, s.m.=tarjan, q.v.

685
H taa, s.f.=taak, q.v. continuous pouring of water upon a bruise or
wound.
H taas [S. ], s.m. (local), A
hyena. H tae [S. +], s.m. Float
(of a fishing line, &c.); a buoy (=taret; tirend).
H taaq, s.f. The Urd form of the next, q.v.
A tazyud [inf. n. vi of ' to increase'],
H taak [Prk. from S. or s.m. Increasing; increase, augmentation.

+ ], s.f. Cracking, snapping, &c.; crack, T tuzuk, tuzak, s.m. Regulation, ordinance,
split, cranny, chink, cleft, crevice, fissure. institute (syn. tartb; intim); retinue; pomp,
state, dignity.
H tak [taak, q.v.+S. ], s.m. lit.
P tazkiya (for A. tazkiyat, fem.); inf.
'A cleaving, breaking'; break of day, dawn,
n. ii of ' to become pure,' &c.], s.m.
early morning:tak hon, v.n. To be day-
Purifying; causing to grow, thrive, or increase;
break, to dawn;to be broken, become
purification.
bankrupt, to be reduced to poverty; to be
roused, have the eyes opened, be brought to
A tazalzul [inf. n. ii of ' to shake,'
one's senses; to be astonished or astounded:
&c.], s.m. Being shaken, being or becoming in
take, adv. At dawn or day-break, in the early
a state of motion; commotion, agitation,
morning, early.
trepidation; an earthquake;swerving (from
the path of rectitude); discrepancy (in a
H takn (caus. of taakn), v.t. deposition, &c.); defalcation.
To cause to crack, &c.; to crack, split, burst; to
snap, break. A tazawwuj [inf. n. v of ], s.m. = A
tazwj [inf. n. ii of ' to pair'], s.f.
H taakn, and, in Urd, taaqn Marrying, taking a partner or wife.
[taak = Prk. (), fr. S. + ], v.n. To A tazwj [inf. n. ii of ' to pair'], s.f. = A
be cracked, split, &c.; to crack, split, burst, fly; tazawwuj [inf. n. v of ], s.m. Marrying,
break, snap asunder; to fly into a passion, taking a partner or wife.
become angry or enraged, to snap angrily or
petulantly (at). A tazwr [inf. n. ii of ;but prob. from
zr, 'falsehood'], s.f. Falsifying; falsehood, lie;
H tan, s.m. Crack, report (of fire- deception, deceit, fraud, imposture, stratagem.
arms, &c.), clap (of thunder).
H tazel [P. tz+Prk.=S. +],
H tuwn (caus. of ton), s.m. A tz or Arab colt.
v.t.=tun, q.v.
A tazyn, vulg. taz`n [inf. n. ii of ' to
adorn'], s.f. Adorning, decorating, dressing
H tuw`, s.f.=tu`, q.v. (oneself); decoration, ornament, jewel; honour.

H tawa, s.m.=tarwar, q.v. H tis [Prk. , =S. gen.

of ]; The formative or base of the oblique
H
tih-muh [S. cases of the pron. so or taun, 'he, she, it; this,
++; see eh], adj. Wry-mouthed. that:'tis-uparnt, adv. Moreover, further, &c.
(=next):tis-par tis-pa, adv. Upon that,
thereupon, whereupon, whereat; hereupon;
H ta [S. +], s.f. Beating, besides, over and above, moreover, yet, still:
punishment; loss; cheating, fraud, deceit. tis-par-bh, adv. For all this, nevertheless, yet,
still:tis-phe, adv. After this, thereupon,
H tae [S. or +e = Prk. then; in addition to this, besides, moreover.
=S. + or +], s.m. The falling of
H [S. ], s.f. Thirst; wish, strong
water from a spout, or from a height; a
continuous stream of water from a height; the desire (=trish, q.v.).

686
H tus = H tus s.m.=tush, q.v.
A tasds [inf. n. ii of ' to become six'],
Making six; dividing into six parts; making of a
H tus = H tus s.m.=tush, q.v. hexagonal form; a sextile aspect of the stars.

H tusr, s.m.=tushr, q.v. H tasar [S. ], s.m. A shuttle; a

kind of coarse silk, the produce of the worm
H tisl [S. +P.sla], adj. Three Bombyx paphia, that feeds on the aan-tree;
years old (a horse, &c.); three years`, for three (also written asar).
years (a lease, &c.).
H tisr, adj.=tsr, q.v.; &
H tisy [S. +], adj. s.m.=next, q.v.
Thirsty.
H tisryat, tisr`it = H
A tasmo [inf. n. vi of ' to be tisrait [tisr+`it = Prk. =
generous,' &c.], s.m. Reciprocal generosity or
indulgence, mutual kindness, or forgiveness, or =S. the term. of the pres. part.
&c.; conniving (at), connivance; careless or with the caus. augment. ], s.m. A third
defective manner of expression; double
person, arbitrator, umpire; three or four persons
meaning (syn. tashul).
who act as arbitrators in a cause, a court of
arbitrators (cf. paya-t).
A tasw [inf. n. vi of ' to be equal'],
s.f. Equality, likeness, similarily, sameness,
neutrality. H tisrait = H
tisryat, tisr`it [tisr+`it = Prk. =
A tashul [inf. n. vi of ' to become
smooth, easy,' &c.], s.m. Forgiving, conniving or =S. the term. of the pres. part.
(at); mutual kindness or gentleness; negligence, with the caus. augment. ], s.m. A third
carelessness, remissness, apathy, tardiness; person, arbitrator, umpire; three or four persons
careless mode of expression (=tasmo): who act as arbitrators in a cause, a court of
tashul karn (-me), To be careless or remiss arbitrators (cf. paya-t).
(in); to delay, be tardy.
A tastr [inf. n. ii of ' to write,' &c.],
A tasb [inf. n. ii of which is syn. s.f. Writing; ruling (lines); delineating.
with ii], s.f. The declaring God to be far
removed or free from every imperfection or A tis`a, adj. Nine:tis`a-mi`at, adj. Nine
impurity, magnifying or praising God (saying hundred (used in dates of the hijra).
subna`llh, 'I extol the perfection of God');
the act of praying;a string or chaplet of A tus`a, s.m. Ninth part.
beads, a rosary:tasb-na, s.m. A chapel,
an oratory:tasb-n, adj. & s.m. Singing S taskar, s.m. A thief, robber;a
praise to God, vocal in praise to God; saying
prayers;a singer of praise to God; one hired kind of pot-herb, Trigonella corniculata; the
tree Vangueria spinosa.
to pray, a private chaplain:tasb-n, s.f.
The office of a chaplain.
S taskarat, s.f. = S
A tasaur, vulg. tasar [inf. n. v of taskaratva, s.m. Thievishness,
' to mock'], s.m. Mocking, mockery, irony, thieving, theft.
ridicule, derision;subduing, making obedient
or tractable, &c. (=next, q.v.).
S taskaratva, s.m. = S
A tasr [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Subduing, taskarat, s.f. Thievishness, thieving,
conquering, taking (a stronghold or prisoners), theft.
imprisoning, captivating; making submissive,
obedient, or tractable; subjugation, subjection;
S taskar, s.f. Theft, robbery;
capture; captivation; imprisonment (of evil
spirits):tasr-e-qulb, s.f. Captivating of a passionate woman.
hearts. A taskn [inf. n. ii of ' to be in a state
of rest'], s.f. Calming, stilling, tranquillizing,

687
appeasing, soothing, allaying, assuaging; tighten a strap, &c.; to strangle:tasma lag na
consolation, comfort, mitigation, rest, rakhn, v.n. lit. 'Not to leave a piece of skin
assurance, peace (of mind):taskn-bash, attached'; to sever completely, cut in two, to kill
adj. Assuasive, mitigating, allaying; outright; to produce complete separation or
consolatory;s.m. An anodyne:taskn estrangement (between two persons).
den (-ko), To calm, tranquillize, appease, P tasmiya [for A. tasmiyat, fem., inf.
soothe, allay, assuage, console, comfort: n. ii of ' to be high,' &c.], s.m. Naming,
taskn hon, v.n. To derive comfort, &c. (from), calling, giving a name to, nomination;
to be appeased, be consoled or comforted. pronouncing the name of God,
H tasl [S. , saying bismi`llh, 'in the name of God' (over a
thing, such as food, or an animal about to be
rt. or rt. +Prk. =S. or + slaughtered).
; cf. P. tasht], s.m. A brass dish or vessel A tasannun [inf. n. v of ' to pursue a
good course'], s.m. Following a sannat,
(used by Hindus to knead dough in, or to dress
regulating one's course of life; being or
their victuals).
becoming a Sunn.
A tasalsul [inf. n. ii of ' to bind with a
A tasnm [inf. n. ii of ' to raise,' &c.], s.f.
chain,' &c.], s.m. Running down, flowing
The name of a water or fountain in Paradise (so
(water); being joined, adhering as the links of a
called because running above the elevated
chain; concatenation, sequence, series,
chambers and the pavilions; see the Qor.
succession; association (of ideas).
lxxxiii. 27).
A tasallut [inf. n. v of ' to prevail'], s.m.
Exercising absolute dominion; absolute rule, H tas, tass, s.m. A measure of
domination, sway. length, the twenty-fourth part of a gaz, or the
A tasall [inf. n. v of ' to become breadth of the second and third fingers; an inch.
forgetful'], s.f. lit. 'Being diverted (from) the H tisws, s.f. The twentieth
remembrance (of)'; consolation, comfort,
part of a bisws, q.v.
solace; assurance; contentment, satisfaction:
A taswd [inf. n. ii of ;prob. a denom.
tasall-bash, adj. Consolatory, comforting: from sawd], s.f. Making black, blackening;
tasall den (-ko), To impart comfort (to), to first draught, original copy, rough draft (of a
minister consolation (to), to comfort, console, letter, &c.); sketch, plan, delineation.
cheer, exhilarate, animate; to assure:tasall A tas-hl [inf. n. ii of ' to be smooth,
hon, v.n. To derive comfort (from), to be easy,' &c.], s.f. Making easy, facilitation,
consoled, &c. smoothing the way (to).
A taslm [inf. n. ii of ' to be or become
safe'], s.f. Saluting, greeting; salutation, H tish, s.f.=tis; trishn; qq.v.
obeisance, homage, touching the ground with S tush, s.m. Husk, chaff (com. of rice);
the fingers and then makingsalm; health, dry straw; rice with chaff remaining in it after
security; delivering, consigning; committing to cleaning; the beard of grain; Beleric
the care of; surrender, resignation; conceding, myrobalan, Terminalia bellerica:
acknowledging, granting; assenting to, tushnal (sha+an), s.m. A conflagration of
accepting:taslm karn, v.t. To salute chaff or of the husk of corn; a capital
respectfully, make obeisance, do homage; to punishment, which consists in twisting dry
deliver, commit to, consign; to surrender, straw, &c., round the limbs of a criminal and
resign; to concede, acknowledge, grant; to setting it on fire (syn. tringni).
assent to, to accept:taslm hon, v.n. To be
A tashboh [inf. n. vi of ], s.m.
committed or consigned (to); to be resigned; to
Likeness, resemblance, similitude, similarity.
be conceded; to be accepted.
A taslmt, s.f. pl. (of taslm), S tushr, adj. & s.m. Cold, frigid,
Salutations, greetings, &c.:taslmt ba-j frosty; dewy;cold, frost, ice, snow, hail; mist,
ln, v.n. To make obeisances, to salute; to bid dew, thin rain, fog, blight;a crop that ripens
adieu, take leave (of a superior). in the cold season:tushr-giri, s.m. The
S tasmt (abl. sing. of the snowy mountains, the Himlaya.
pron. tad), conj. From that, on that account, H tushr =
therefore. H tushr [the
P tasma, s.m. A thong; a strap of leather; a
leathern belt; stirrup-leather:tasma-bz s.f. A preceding+S. or ], adj. Cold, frosty, &c.
low gambling game played with a leathern strap (=tushr).
and a stick:tasma-kash, s.m. A strangler; a
mute:tasma-khain (-k, and -par), To

688
H tushr = intensity; aggravation; rigour, severity;
hardship;adj. Strong, robust; strengthened,
H tushr [the confirmed, corroborated (cf. next).
preceding+S. or ], adj. Cold, frosty, &c. A tashaddudt, s.m. (pl. of tashaddud),
(=tushr). Aggravations; rigours, severities, hardships,
A tashrf, s.f. pl. (of tashrf), Honours, trials, &c.
dignities. A tashdd [inf. n. ii of ] , s.f.
A tashkul [inf. n. vi of ' to mark,' Strengthening, confirming, corroborating;
&c.], s.m. Mutual resemblance. doubling a letter by placing the mark or sign ()
over it; the mark or sign (), used to indicate that
S tushnal, s.m. See s.v. tush. a letter is doubled.
A tashabboh [inf. n. v. of ], s.m. A tasharro [inf. n. v of ' to institute or
Likeness, resemblance, similitude (cf. next, as prescribe (a law),' &c.], s.m. Acting in
also tashboh). conformity to the ordinances of a prophet
A tashbh [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. (particularly those of Mohammad, called shar`);
Similitude; comparison, simile, metaphor, the ordinances of a prophet, &c.
allegory:tashbh den (-se), To assimilate A tashr [inf. n. ii of ' to discover, to
(to), liken (to); to compare (with); to illustrate explain,' &c.], s.f. Explaining, expounding;
by a simile:arf-e-tashbh, particle (or dissecting; explanation, exposition, elucidation;
adverb) of similitude. declaration; description; dissection, anatomy; a
P tasht [Pehl. tasht; Zend tasta, rt. tash; skeleton or anatomical preparation:tashr-
S. , rt. ], s.m. Cup, bowl, basin, charger, dn, s.m. An anatomist:tashr karn (-k),
platter, salver (cf. tasl). To explain, expound; to declare,
S tushit, s.m. A class of subordinate toparticularize:tashr-wr, adv. In detail,
with full particulars, minutely, severally.
deities (thirty-six in number); one of this class
of deities. A tashr, adj. Of or pertaining to
A tashattut [inf. n. v of ' to become anatomy, anatomical.
broken,' &c.], s.m. Becoming dissolved or
broken up; dispersion, separation. disorder, A tashrf [inf. n. ii of ' to be exalted,'
confusion, distraction. &c.], s.f. Honouring, exalting, ennobling;
H tashtar = H tashta [tasht, decking or investing with a splendid robe;(in
q.v.+Prk. =S. + ], s.f. A salver; a address) your honour, your worship:tashrf
small plate or dish (rikb); a saucer. arzn farmn, tashrf farmn, v.n. To go; to
H tashta = H tashtar [tasht, come:tashrf-le-jn, v.n. To go:tashrf-
q.v.+Prk. =S. + ], s.f. A salver; a ln, v.n. To grace or honour with one's
presence, to come (used in speaking of or to a
small plate or dish (rikb); a saucer. superior, but never of oneself, except by kings).
S tusha, vulg. tush, part. Satisfied,
contented; pleased, glad, &c. A tashrft, s.f. pl. (of tashrf), Honours,
S tushat, s.f.=next, q.v. dignities.

S tushi, s.f. Satisfaction, gratification, A tashrk [inf. n. ii of ' to be a co-

contentment, pleasure, delight. partner,' &c.], s.f. Making (one) a co-partner
A tashau [inf. n. v of ;quasi- (with); associating one (with); communicating
pass. of next], s.m. Individuality, personality; (to).
identifying, particularizing; appropriation (cf.
the next). A tashaff [inf. n. v of ' to relieve,' &c.],
A tash [inf. n. ii of , but s.f. Recovery, restoration; relief; consolation;
formed from sha, q.v.], s.f. Individuating, becoming calm (after anger, &c.), calmness,
distinguishing perfectly; ascertainment, tranquillity, satisfaction (of mind).
determination, diagnosis, specification;
estimate, valuation, appraisement; A tashakkuk [inf. n. v of
' to be in
assessment:tash karn (-k), To doubt' (concerning)], s.m. Doubting.
individuate, to distinguish; to ascertain (a
disease); to determine, decide, settle; to value, H tish, s.f.=trish, q.v.
appraise, assess.
A tashaddud [inf. n. v of ' to make hard,
firm,' &c.], s.m. Seizing or holding firmly or by
force; showing vehemence or severity;

689
A tashannuj [inf. n. v of ' to contract,'], S tishy, s.f. Emblic myrobalan,
s.m. Spasmodic contraction (of a muscle, &c.);
Phyllanthus emblica.
cramp; twitching; spasm, convulsion.
A tashaiyu [inf. n. v of ' to become a
H tashna`, tishna`, s.m. corr. of tashn`, q.v.
shai'], s.m. Feigning old age; making a show
of dignity; ostentatious pretence to honour or
P tashank [rt. Z. tash = S. ], s.m. An dignity.
iron instrument for piercing walls.
A tashaiyo` [inf. n. v of ' to become
P tishnag (from tishna, q.v.), s.f. Thirst; spread,' &c.], s.m. Professing to be of the
strong desire, longing; temptation. Mohammadan sect called Sh`a, or a follower of
`Al:tashaiyo`-mahab, s.m. The Sh`a sect,
P tishna [Pehl. tashn; Zend tarshna; S. followers of `Al; heresy (according to Sunn
trishnaj], adj. Thirsty; thirsting (for), eagerly views);adj. Heretical.
desiring; greedy, insatiable:tishna-e-n,
tishna-n, adj. Thirsting for the blood (of); A tashaiyun [inf. n. v of ' to become a
bloodthirsty:tishna-km, adj. 'Having a person of importance'], s.m. Making a display
parched or dry palate,' thirsty:tishna karn, of state; dignity; ostentation. (The word is not
v.t. To make (one) thirsty; to create desire, to classical.)
make (one) long (for, -k); to tempt:tishna-
lab, adj. Parched-lipped, thirsty:tishna-lab, S tishya, s.m. An asterism regarded
s.f. Thirstiness, thirst.
as shaped like an arrow and containing three
stars, of which Cancri is one (it is the sixth
H tashna, tishna, s.m. corr. of tashn`, q.v.
Nakshatra of the old, or eighth of the new
(used by women; cf. tashna`).
order);adj. Auspicious, fortunate:tishya-
pushp, s.m. and tishya-phal, s.f. Emblic
H tush-bht (S.tushm- myrobalan (=tishy, q.v.).
bhta), adv. Silently, quietly (=up-p-se).
A ta`ud [inf. n. vi of ' to ascend'],
A tashn` [inf. n. ii of ' to disgrace,' s.m. Ascending, going up; becoming difficult.
&c.], s.f. Speaking ill (of), disparaging,
slandering; taunting; taunt, reproach. A tanf, s.f. pl. (of tanf), Literary
compositions, works.
A tashwsh [inf. n. ii of , which is not
in use], s.f. Confusion; perplexity, distraction; A tawr, s.f. pl. (of tawr), Pictures,
grief, care, anxiety, disquietude, alarm, portraits.
apprehension.
A ta [inf. n. ii of ' to be healthy,
A tashahhud [inf. n. v of ' to bear sound, or right,' &c.], s.f. Rectification,
witness'], s.m. Avowing belief in the unity of correction, emendation; verifying; illustrating;
God and in the prophetic office of Mohammad verification, attestation:ta karn (-k), To
(by reciting the formula, 'I bear witness that rectify, correct, &c.
there is no god but God, and that Mohammad is
His servant and apostle'); making a profession P taa (from ta), s.m. Muster,
of religious sentiments;seeking martyrdom.
inspection (of troops, &c.: see s.v. dg).
A tashhr [inf. n. ii of ' to make
A taf [inf. n. ii of ;but formed
apparent, as evil,' &c.], s.f. Proclaiming,
publishing; reciting in public; marking a from the subst. afa], s.f. Making an error in
criminal; parading (an offender) as a public writing; an orthographical mistake; changing
example, public exposure (of an offender, who the diacritical points so as to alter the
is mounted on an assoften with his face pronunciation and meaning of a word.
blackened and turned towards the animal's
tailand paraded through the city):tashhr A taadduq [inf. n. v of ' to fulfil' (a
karn, v.t. To publicly expose (an offender): vow &c.)], s.m. Giving adaqa or alms
tashhr hon, v.n. To be paraded as a public (particularly with a religious view); alms,
example (an offender or criminal). charity; devoting, sacrificing; sacrifice:
taadduq karn (with acc., -ko, of direct, and

690
loc., -par, of indirect object), To devote, A tarf [inf. n. ii of ' to turn, to
sacrifice (a person or thing for another). change,' &c.], s.f. Turning, changing,
converting; (in Gram.) inflection, declension,
A tad`, vulg. tad`a [inf. n. ii of ' to conjugation:tarf karn (-k), To inflect,
cleave, split'], s.f. Headache; worry, annoyance, decline, &c.
vexation, perplexity; toil, trouble, affliction,
sorrow, care:tad` uhn, v.n. To A tagr [inf. n. ii of ' to be small or
experience trouble, or sorrow, &c.; to take little'], s.f. Lessening; diminution; a diminutive
trouble:tad`-dih, adj. Troublesome, noun.
annoying, vexatious, &c.:tad` den (-ko),
To give trouble (to), to trouble, incommode, P tafiya [for A. tafiyat, fem., inf.
annoy, vex, worry, harass, distress, pester, n. ii of ' to be pure'], s.m. Clearing, making
plague:tad` karn, v.n. To take trouble clear; clearance; purifying (particularly the
(=tad` uhn). mind from ill-will); purification, purgation;
purity; reconciliation; settlement, adjustment,
P tad`a, s.m. corr. of tad`, q.v. disposal (of a case, &c.):tafiya-talab, adj.
Requiring adjustment, &c.; to be settled,
A tadq [inf. n. ii of ' to speak truth,' determined, or decided:tafiya karn (-k),
&c.], s.f. Proving true, confirming the truth (of), To effect a reconciliation, to reconcile; to effect
verifying, attesting; acknowledging the truth a compromise; to settle, adjust, dispose (of).
(of); confirmation, proof, verification,
attestation; appeal:tadq-e-bil taawwur, A talb [inf. n. ii of ;formed
s.f. Presupposition:tadq karn (-k), To from' a cross'], s.f. Crucifying, crucifixion;
confirm, prove to be true, to verify, attest, making the sign of the cross; the figuring of a
&c.:tadq hon, v.n. To be confirmed, be cross or crosses (upon a garment, &c.).
verified, &c. A tamm [inf. n. ii of ' to strike,' &c.],
s.f. Holding firmly to (an opin on, &c.);
A taarruf [inf. n. v of ' to turn,' determination, resolve.
&c.], s.m. Turning, changing (cf. tarf); A taanno` [inf. n. v of ' to make,
employment, use, application; possession, construct, &c.'], s.m. Making a display of art,
occupancy, sway; holding at (one's) disposal, studying to make a fair appearance; showing a
disposal; expenditure, expenses; extravagance; specious exterior; speciousness; embellishment;
diverting from (its) proper use, misapplication, fabrication; alteration (of a thing) so as to
misappropriation, embezzlement; power, present a specious appearance, falsification.
influence, art, cunning; supernatural power (as A tanf [inf. n. ii of not in use], s.f.
affected by holy men among Muslims): Compiling, composing (a book); invention;
taarruf karn (-ko, or -par), To turn (from), to literary composition:tanf karn, v.t. To
change; to use, employ; to apply to one's own compose, to write (a book, &c.).
purpose or use; to spend; to take or get A tanft, s.f. pl. (of tanf), Literary
possession (of), to occupy; to misapply, compositions, writings, works (=tanf).
misappropriate, embezzle:taarruf-me ln, A taawwur [inf. n. v of ' to form or
v.t. To bring into use; to take possession (of), fashion,' &c.], s.m. Imaging or picturing (a
&c.=taarruf karn, q.v. thing) to the mind; imagination, fancy;
reflection, contemplation, meditation; forming
A taarruft, s.m. pl. (of taarruf), an idea; idea, conception, perception,
Possessions; usages, licences (of poetry); sum apprehension:taawwur karn, v.t. To picture
total of expenses. to ooneself; to imagine, fancy; to regard,
consider, suppose; to conceive, apprehend, &c.
P taarruf (fr. taarruf), s.f. Common A taawwuf [inf. n. v of ; prob.
provisions given to dependants (as opp. to formed from f], s.m. The theology of
a, or what the master and the company the Sfs or mystics of the East; mysticism;
eat). devoting oneself to contemplation;
contemplation.
A tar [inf. n. ii of ' to become A tawr [inf. n. ii of ' to form,' &c.],
pure, or clear,' &c.], s.f. Making clear; s.f. Picture; drawing; sketch; painting; portrait;
declaring; manifestation; evidence; explanation; an image:tawr bann (-k), To make a
narration (cf. tashr). drawing, or picture, &c. (of); to draw; to
paint:tawr-na, s.m. Picture-gallery:
tawr khain (-k) = tawr bann:

691
rangdr tawr, s.f. A coloured picture, a A tathr [inf. n. ii of ' to become clean
painting:sd tawr, s.f. An uncoloured or pure'], s.f. Cleansing, purifying; purification,
picture; a drawing, a sketch:`aks tawr, s.f. purgation, sanctification.
A photograph. A tazallum [inf. n. v of ' to act
A tawrt, s.f. pl. (of tawr), Pictures; tyrannically'], s.m. Complaining of the wrong-
drawings, paintings, &c. (=tawr). doing, injustice, or tyranny (of anyone);
A tadd [inf. n. vi of ' to overcome'], groaning under oppression; injus tice, injury,
s.m. Contrariety, opposition, contradiction; oppression.
inconsistency, absurdity. A ta`ruf [inf. n. vi of ' to know'],
A tak [inf. n. ii of ' to laugh'], s.f. s.m. Knowing one another; mutual
Laughing at, mocking; ridicule, derision. acquaintance;rule, fashion, custom.
A taarro` [inf. n. v. of ' to be A ta`t [inf. n. vi of ' to take'], s.f.
humbled,' &c.], s.m. Self-abasement, humility; Taking with the hand; giving reciprocal
earnest supplication; complaining, lamenting. presents; mutual giving or surrender; a silent
A ta`f [inf. n. ii of ' to be weak'], kind of bargain, the vendor handing over the
s.f. Folding over; doubling. thing to the buyer, and the latter giving him the
A tamn [inf. n. ii of ' to be price without speaking.
responsible,' &c.], s.f. Taking (one) as a surety A ta`qub [inf. n. vi of ' to come
or guarantee; giving security; giving after'], s.m. Following, pursuit; persecution
satisfaction (for an injury); entrusting (a thing, (syn. ph); alternating, alternation, alternate
&c.) with another; lending on interest; causing succession.
(a thing) to be comprehended or contained (in A ta`l (imperat. of ta`l, q.v.),
another); comprehending or including (one intj., lit. 'Be exalted';ta`l-ta`al, ta`ala`llh,
thing in another); putting or depositing (a thing) 'God be exalted! Good God! Bravo!
in (a receptacle); inserting or introducing a A ta`l [3rd per. sing. perf. vi of ' to be
verse or two (of another poet) into one's own high'], adj., lit. 'He is exalted'; or 'be He
poem (to complete, or to corroborate, the exalted'; the Exalted, the Most High (God).
meaning intended,notifying it, however, as A ta`wun [inf. n. vi of ;the iii of
which is prob. formed from `aun, 'help'), s.m.
borrowed):tamn karn, v.t. To insert a
Assistance; mutual aid; conspiring.
verse or two (of another poet) in one's own
A ta`ab, vulg. ta`b, s.m. Exertion, labour,
poem, &c.
toil, trouble, hardship; fatigue, weariness,
H ta`, s.f. contract. of the next, q.v.
lassitude:ta`ab-kash, adj. Enduring toil, or
A tay` [inf. n. ii of ' to perish'], s.f. trouble, &c.
Causing to perish, destroying, spoiling, wasting, A ta`abbud [inf. n. v of ' to serve, obey,
idling away (time):tay`-e-auqt, s.f. Idling &c.'], s.m. Applying oneself to acts of devotion;
away time; ennui, weariness. being pious; devotion.
A tatbuq [inf. n. vi of ' to stick to,' A ta`br [inf. n. ii of ' to meditate upon,
&c.], s.m. Conformity, correspondence, to consider,' &c.], s.f. Interpretation,
congruity, agreement, concurrence, similarity, explanation (particularly of dreams);attribute,
analogy; coherence, cohesion. quality:ta`br-go, s.m. An interpreter of
A tatwul [inf. n. vi of ' to be dreams.
extended,' &c.], s.m. Exalting oneself; A ta`brt, s.f. pl. (of ta`br),
haughtiness, insolence, rudeness; oppression, Explanations, interpretations, &c.
tyranny; usurpation; conquest, extension of P ta`bi`a [for A. ta`biat, fem., inf. n. ii
dominion. of ' to arrange,' &c.], = A ta`biya [inf. n.
A tatbq [inf. n. ii of ;but formed prob. ii of or ]=, s.m. Setting in order,
from tabaq, 'a cover'], s.f. Comparing; likening; arranging; arrangement, disposition; drawing up
putting (two things) together face to face; (an army), preparing for battle; inlaying.
causing to confront, drawing up in a line (as A ta`biya [inf. n. ii of or ]=, =
two armies). P ta`bi`a [for A. ta`biat, fem.,inf. n. ii
A tatawwo [inf. n. v of ' to be ome of ' to arrange,' &c.], s.m. Setting in order,
submissive,' &c.], s.m. Doing a thing without arranging; arrangement, disposition; drawing up
its being incumbent or obligatory on one; an act (an army), preparing for battle; inlaying.
of supererogation. A ta`ajjub [inf. n. v. of ' to wonder'],
A tatwl [inf. n. ii of ' to be extended, s.m. Wondering (at); wonder, astonishment,
&c.], s.f. Extending, stretching out, lengthening, surprise, amazement; admiration:ta`ajjub
prolonging; prolongation, prorogation. karn (-par), To wonder (at), be astonished (at);
to deem strange or extraordinary; to admire.

692
A ta`jl [inf. n. ii of ' to make haste,' A ta`rft, s.f. pl. (of ta`rf), Definitions,
&c.], s.f. Hastening; haste, despatch, &c.
expedition; speediness, agility. A ta`rf, adj. Commendable; notable.
A ta`dd, vulg. te`dd [inf. n. of ' to P ta`ziyat [for A. , inf. n. ii of ' to
number,' and also of ii ], s.f. Numbering; endure patiently'], s.f. Consoling; condolence;
enumeration, computation, number; amount, lamentation, mourning:ta`ziyat-nma, s.m.
sum; measure, extent, length Letter of condolence.
(syn. andz; pram). A ta`zr [inf. n. ii of ' to beat, to
A ta`addud [inf. n. v of ] , s.m. Exceeding punish'], s.f. Punishment, correction, reproof,
in number; plurality; numbering; number; censure, reprimand.
multiplying. A ta`zl [inf. n. ii of ' to set aside, to
A ta`add [inf. n. v of ' to exceed, remove'], s.f. Removing or deposing (from
transgress,' &c.], s.f. Wrong-doing, injustice, office), displacing.
tyranny, oppression, injury, violence, force, P ta`ziya (i.q. ta`ziyat, q.v.), s.m. A
compulsion, extortion, exaction; (in Gram.) representation of the shrines of Hasan and
being or becoming transitive (a verb); Husain, sons of 'Al (which is carried in
causation. procession at the Moarram by
P ta`diya [for A. ta`diyat, fem., inf. n. theSh`as chiefly):ta`ziya hand karn, To
ii of ], s.m. Making (a verb) transitive; a bury a ta`ziya, to throw a ta`ziya into the river
transitive or causal verb. (at the anniversary of the Moarram):ta`iya-
A ta`aur [inf. n. v of ' to excuse'], s.m. na, s.m. The place of the ta`ziya:ta`ziya-
Adducing or urging an excuse; excuse, apology. dr, ta`ziya-gr, s.m. One who observes the
A ta`b [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. mourning in Moarram:ta`ziya-dr, s.f.
Punishment; torture. Making a ta`ziya; the observance of
A ta`r [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Making an Moarram:ta`ziya len, v.n. To observe the
excuse, apologizing; excuse, subterfuge. (Rare.) mourning during Moarram, to go into
A ta`arru [inf. n. v of ' to present mourning.
or offer itself (a thing)'], s.m. Happening, A ta`ashshuq [inf. n. v of ' to love'],
occurring; coming before, presenting oneself s.m. Exhibiting or showing love, falling in love
(or itself); noticing; opposing, hindering; (with), being in love; love, affection:
opposition, hindrance, obstacle, impediment. ta`ashshuq jatn, v.n. To make a show of love
(A. pl. ta`arrut.) or affection:ta`ashshuq-se, adv. Lovingly,
A ta`arruf [inf. n. v of ' to know'], tenderly, affectionately.
s.m. Inquiring with the view to learn, seeking A ta`aub [inf. n. v of ' to cling to;
knowledge; acquainting oneself (with), to gather round'], s.m. Zeal (for a party, or
learning; instructing, notifying. cause); prejudice (for or against); bigotry,
A ta`r [inf. n. ii of ' to be broad,' religious persecution; superstition.
&c.], s.f. Making broad or wide, enlarging; A ta`attul [inf. n. v of ' to be destitute
making conspicuous; rendering obnoxious; (of)'], s.m. Being without bracelets or other
opposing, objecting; ambiguity or equivocation ornaments (a woman); being or remaining
in speech; hinting at a subject obscurely or without work or occupation; idleness; being
indirectly, insinuation (of wrong, or evil, &c.), void or vacant (a place, or tent, &c.).
making an allusion (to);rendering intricate; A ta`tl [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Rendering
writing indistinctly or illegibly; not dressing vacant, void, or unoccupied (a place, &c.);
meat sufficiently; bartering, exchanging, barter, rendering useless; laying waste;leaving
&c.;a statement of particulars of landed untended or neglected, abandoning, neglecting;
property (deposited in a collector's office). freeing from work or occupation; vacation,
A ta`rf [inf. n. ii of ' to know'], holiday.
s.f., lit. 'Making known'; explaining (a term, A ta`azzum [inf. n. v of ' to be large,
&c.), explanation; description; making great,' &c.], s.m. Magnifying oneself, behaving
determinate, defining, a definition; introduction proudly or haughtily; pride, haughtiness,
(to a person); praising, praise, arrogance, insolence;magnificence, grandeur,
commendation;a table of rates of export and majesty.
import duties (hence the European 'tariff'): A ta`zm [inf. n. v of ], s.f. Magnifying,
ta`rf karn (-k), To praise, &c.:ta`rfu`l- honouring, treating with respect, reverence, or
majhl bi`l-majhl, 'Explaining the unknown by veneration; honour, respect, reverence;
the unknown,' explaining in terms as little geniality, politeness:ta`zm karn (-k), To
understood as the thing intended to be show respect (to), to honour, respect, or
explained. reverence.

693
A ta`affun [inf. n. v of ' to become suspension; delaying;a kind of writing used
putrid'], s.m. Stink, fetor, fetidness. by the Persians.
P ta`fiyat [for A. , inf. n. ii of ' to P ta`lqa (for A. ta`lqat, fem.), s.m.
become effaced'], s.f. Effacing, obliteration; An appendix (to a book or writing); a marginal
amending, adjusting. note; a schedule, an inventory, a list (of
A ta`aqqub [inf. n. v of ' to follow'], articles).
s.m. Searching (after), tracking, pursuing; A ta`ll [inf. n. ii of
;see ta`allul], s.f.
tracing (intelligence, &c.);punishment, Diverting; occupying or engaging the attention
chastisement. (with); changing one of the weak letters for
A ta`qd [inf. n. ii of ' to tie,' &c.], s.f. another (in gram.); causing, occasioning;
Tying fast or strongly, knitting together, tying causality, causation; causing (or pronouncing,
in knots; causing to unite, joining. one) to have an excuse.
A ta`qr [inf. n. ii of ' to wound'], s.f. A ta`lm [inf. n. ii of ' to know'], s.f.
Wounding much. Informing, teaching, instructing; tuition,
A ta`aqqul [inf. n. v of ' to be or become instruction;copying finely, writing
intelligent'], s.m. Understanding, perceiving; accurately:ta`lm pn, v.n. To receive
informing. instruction, to be taught, be educated:ta`lm
A ta`alluq [inf. n. v of ' to hang or cling den, ta`lm karn, v.t. To teach, instruct:
(to)'], s.m. Being attached (to), being connected ta`lm len, v.n.=ta`lm pn.
(to or with), pertaining (to), dependent (on); A ta`ammuq [inf. n. v of ' to be deep'],
attachment; dependance; connexion, relation; s.m. Diving or going deep (into); penetrating;
relationship; concern, reference, regard; deepness; penetration; profoundness.
consideration, reflection; commerce, A ta`md [inf. n. ii of ' to prop or
correspondence; means of support, support'], s.f. Propping up; damming (a stream,
employment, situation, office; property, &c.);baptizing.
possession; a manor, &c.=ta`alluqa, q.v.: A ta`mr [inf. n. ii of ' to make
ta`alluq-dr, s.m.=ta`alluqa-dr, q.v.: habitable; to build,' &c.], s.f. Building,
ta`alluq rakhn (-se), To be connected (with), constructing; construction, structure; rebuilding;
to relate (to); to depend (on); to have reference repairing:ta`mr karn, v.t. To build,
(to), to concern, to pertain (to);to have an construct, &c.:ta`mr hon, v.n. To be built.
interest (in). A ta`ml [inf. n. ii of ' to do, act,
A ta`alluqt, s.m. pl. (of ta`alluq), perform,' &c.], s.f. Causing to act, putting in
Dependencies, connexions; appurtenances; force (a decree, &c.), carrying out (an order,
concerns; attachments; estates:ta`alluqt-e- &c.), executing; execution (of an order),
duny,, s.m. Worldly concerns. performance; exercise (of):ta`ml karn (-k).
P ta`alluqajt, s.m. pl. (of ta`alluqa), To carry out, or to execute (an order, &c.), to
Lordships (of land), manors, estates, &c. put in esecution.
P ta`alluqa (for A. , ta`alluqat, fem.), A ta`mim [inf. n. ii of ' to be common or
s.m. Connexion, relationship (=ta`alluq); general'], s.f. Rendering universal; generality,
possession (of land); fee, manor, lordship, universality; indefiniteness.
estate; a division of a province, a district: P ta`miya [for A. ta`miyat, fem., inf.
ta`alluqa-dr, s.m. One who holds a ta`alluqa, n. ii of ' to be blind'], s.m. Rendering blind;
a landholder, possessor of an estate, lord of a making the meaning (of a verse, or of speech,
manor, feoffee:ta`alluqa-dr, s.f. The &c.) obscure, covert, or enigmatical; an enigma.
tenure, or the status, of a ta`alluq-dr; the estate A ta`w [inf. n. ii of ' to seek
of a ta`alluq-dr. protection'], s.m. Praying for protection or
A ta`allul [inf. n. v of ' to use for the preservation (by invoking God, or by uttering
purpose of diverting'], s.m. 'Diverting oneself'; some charm), having recourse to God;a
whiling away time (with); occupying oneself charm, an amulet, a phylactery; a magic square;
vainly; making an excuse; procrastination; a structure of brick or stone work over a grave;
excuse; objection. a tombstone.
A ta`allum [inf. n. v of ' to know'], s.m. A ta`wq [inf. n. ii of ' to hinder; to
Being taught, learning; study; knowledge. cleave (to)'], s.f. Hindering, preventing;
A ta`all [inf. n. v of ' to be high'], s.f. averting; delaying; suspending, suspension.
Becoming high or elevated; highness, A ta`ahhud [inf. n. v of ' to contract,
eminence; exalting ooneself, appearing covenant,' &c.], s.m. Agreement, covenant,
conspicuous. contract, engagement, lease; rent:ta`ahhud-
A ta`lq [inf. n. ii of ' to be suspended'], dr, s.m. The holder of an agreement, or
s.f. Hanging or suspending (a thing to a thing), contract, or lease.

694
A ta`aiyush [inf. n. v of ' to live'], s.m.
Procuring a livelihood by labour and industry,
labouring for a living;living a pleasant life;
rejoicing.
A ta`aiyul [inf. n. v of ' to be poor'], s.m.
Land held by a member of a royal family
(especially applied to the royal family of Dehli),
a royal appanage:ta`aiyul-e-shh, s.m. The
royal domains (around Dehli).
H ta`n (corr. of ta`aiyun, or of ta`yn; but
in the latter case it should be fem.), s.m.
Appointing; appointment; deputation (see
next):ta`n karn, v.t. To appoint; to depute.
A ta`aiyun [inf. n. v of ' to eye,' &c.],
s.m. Specifying, fixing, determining, assigning,
appointing, deputing, establishing;
appointment, establishment, determination,
&c.:ta`aiyun karn, v.t. To specify; to fix,
determine, establish, assign, appoint, institute,
depute, &c.
A ta`aiyunt, vulg. ta`nt (pl. dismissing; discharge, dismissal;adj.
of ta`aiyun; but also used in the sing.), s.m.
Appointments; appointment, service, duty; a
garrison:ta`int karn, v.t. To appoint,
depute, to send on duty; to enlist; to put in
possession:ta`int hon, v.n. To be
appointed, be deputed, be sent on duty.
A ta`aiyunt, vulg. ta`nt, s.f.
Appointment, service, duty; taking up the duties
of an appointment; the object or business of an
appointment, tour of service; a deputation; a
detachment of troops; a guard; a garrison; any
body of men told off for a special duty.
A tagbun [inf. n. vi of ' to deceive, Changes, alterations; revolutionary changes.
cheat'], s.m. Mutual cheating or deception,
mutual endeavour to overreach.
P & T tagr (prob. from A. ), s.m. H tagr, s.f. The state of alteration or
Platter, pail, bucket, tub, trough; a mason's mud
or lime pit:tagr bujhn, v.n. To make
mortar, or slake lime, in a pit.
P H tagr, s.f. A small tub or trough, a
kneading trough.
A tagful [inf. n. vi of ' to be
unmindful,' &c.], s.m. Unmindfulness,
heedlessness, forgetfulness, neglect, negligence,
inattention, inadvertence, indifference,
listlessness (syn. gaflat):tagful-she`r, adj.
Unmindful, careless, inattentive, &c.:tagful-
she`ar, s.f. Inattentiveness, carelessness,
&c.:tagful karn (-me), To be unmindful,
or neglectful, &c. (in respect of):tagjul-
kesh, adj.=tagful-she`r, q.v.
H tagful, s.f.=tagful. A tafrq, s.m. pl. (of tafriqa),
A tagyur [inf. n. vi of ;see gair], s.m. Separations, divisions; intervals; instalments.
Difference, diversity, discrepancy.
P tagiya [for A. tagiyat, fem., inf. n. or beyond'], s.m. Being far apart, being widely
ii of ' to feed'], s.m. Food, nourishment
(=gi).
A tagrb [inf. n. ii of ' to go away,'
&c.], s.f. Removing to a distance; putting away;
banishment, transportation: imprisonment.
A tagallub [inf. n. v of ' to take or
obtain by force'], s.m. Taking advantage (of),
cheating; imposition; forgery; falsification;
embezzlement; breach of trust;
adulteration:tagallub karn, v.n. To practise
imposition (on), to commit forgery; to
embezzle, &c.
A P tagallub, s.f.=tagallub.
P & T tagma, s.m.=tamga, q.v.
A tagann [inf. n. v of ' to be free from
want'; 'to be content'], s.f. Contentment;
singing; cooing; celebrating (a mistress) in
verse.
H tagr [contrac. of A. tagyr, inf. n. ii
of ;formed from gair, 'other'], s.f. Changing,
altering (for the worse); change, alteration;
removing (from office), discharging,
Changed, altered; discharged, dismissed:tagr
karn (with acc. of direct, and abl. of indirect
object), To change, alter; to remove, dismiss (a
person, from an office):tagr hon, v.n. To be
changed or altered, to alter; to be removed
(from office), be dismissed.
A tagaiyur [inf. n. v of ;see tagr], s.m.
Becoming altered or changed; change,
alteration; deterioration; removal; becoming
vitiated or corrupt; falsification (of
documents):tagaiyur-o-tabaddul, s.m.
H tagrt (for A. tagyrt, pl. of tagyr),
s.f. Changes, alterations, &c.
change; revolution; discharge, dismissal,
deposition, disgrace.
A tagyr, s.f. See tagr.
P taf (see taft; tafta), s.m.f. Vapour,
exhalation, steam, mist.
A & P tuf [formed in imitation of uff,
q.v.; cf. also A. tufl], s.m. Spit, spittle; spray,
foam (as of the sea); a curse;intj. Shame!;
fie!; a curse (on)!; ugh!; foh!; faugh! (e.g. tuf
hai usk auqt par; aise nikha mardu`e-k
rsh-par tuf hai).
A tafur [inf. n. vi of ' to glory or
boast'], s.m. Glorying, boasting; boast, vaunt.
A tafruq [inf. n. vi of ' to make a
difference (between)'], s.m. Separation,
division.
A tafwut [inf. n. vi of ' to pass away
separated; distance; interval; difference,
distinction; dissimilarity; discordance;
disparity; adj. Widely separated, far away,
695
distant, remote, absent;adv. Apart; at a separate, divide; to distinguish, discriminate; to
distance:tafwut boln, v.n. To make scatter, disperse.
incongruous or discordant statements, to T tafra, s.m. Pride; affected magnificence.
prevaricate:tafwut karn (-me), To A tafr [inf. n. ii of ' to be glad'], s.f.
separate, divide; to distinguish (between): Rejoicing, gladdening, exhilarating;
tafwut kar-den (-ko), To put, set, or cast apart gratification; diversion, amusement, recreation;
or aside. fun, jest:tafr-e-tab`, s.f. Diversion of mind;
A taf`ul, vulg. tafwul [inf. n. vi of ; ease of mind; cheerfulness, hilarity:tafr
formed from fl, q.v.], s.m. Auguring; augury, karn, v.n. To divert or amuse oneself, to take
&c. (=tafawwul, q.v.). recreation; to make fun, to be cheerful, to laugh
P taft (contrac. of tafta, q.v.), adj. & s.m. and joke.
Hot, warm;heat, warmth. A tafra (acc. of tafr), adv. By way of
P taftag (abst. s. fr. next), s.f. Heated diversion or amusement, for the sake of
state; heat, warmth; ardour, fervour; trouble, recreation; in fun, in jest.
anguish, teen. A tafrd [inf. n. ii of ' to be or become
P tafta [Zend tafta, rt. tap; S. , rt. ], single or alone'], s.f. Separation from others,
part. adj. Heated; melted; hot, burning; retirement from the world (esp. for the sake of
displeased, grieved; twisted;s.m. devotion); the being unique in science, &c.
Quicklime:tafta-dil, adj. Displeased or A tafrs [inf. n. ii of ' to break the
grieved at heart. neck (of an animal)'], s.f. Breaking or tearing in
A taftsh [inf. n. ii of ' to examine,' pieces, rending.
&c.], s.f. Examination, scrutiny, investigation; A tafrq [inf. n. ii of ;see tafriqa], s.f.
diligent inquiry or search, research:taftsh Separating, dividing; distinguishing,
karn (-k), To look closely (into), to search discriminating; separation, division; analysis;
diligently (after), &c. distribution, partition, participation; distinction,
A tafajjur [inf. n. v of ' to open (a difference, variety; classification; class,
channel for water, &c.)'], s.m. Bursting forth or department; (in Arith.) subtraction;jealousy,
out; suppuration. suspicion; misunderstanding:tafrq karn (-
A tafau [inf. n. v of ' to search k), To separate; to analyse; to divide, partition,
(for)'], s.m. Search, investigation, examination, allot; to distinguish, discriminate, specify,
scrutiny, inquiry, disquisition. define; to classify; to subtract:tafrq-nma,
A tafa ur [inf. n. v of ' to glory or s.m. A deed specifying the shares allotted to
boast'], s.m. Glorying, boasting; pride, different parties.
arrogance. P tafsda [perf. part. of tafs-dan; rt.
A tafarruj [inf. n. v of ' to make an Zend taf, for tap = S. ], part. adj. Warmed,
opening or break (in)'], s.m. Diversion, heated, burning; burnt; cracked or chapped
amusement, relaxation recreation (particularly (lips).
by viewing natural objects, or by sight- A tafsr [inf. n. ii of ' to disclose; to
seeing):tafarruj-gh, s.f. Place of recreation explain'], s.f. Explaining, expounding,
(as a garden, or a theatre, &c.). interpreting; explanation, exposition,
A tafarro [inf. n. v of ' to be glad'], interpretation (esp. of the Qor`n); paraphrase;
s.m. Ease; leisure; refreshment. (The word is commentary.
not classical Arabic.) A tafl [inf. n. ii of ' to separate or
A tafarrus [inf. n. v of ' to be skilled' divide'], s.f. Analysis, separation, division;
(orig. 'in horsemanship,' and thence, in explaining distinctly or in detail; explanation;
anything)], s.m. Considering or examining (a particulars, details:tafl karn (-k), tafl
thing) closely; perceiving (a thing) by means of likhn (-k), To give the detail (of), exhibit in
indications, evidences, &c.; judging from detail, to detail; to specify, particularize,
physiognomy;intuitive perception (of); explain in full or minutely:tafl-wr, adv.
discernment, understanding, intelligence. Distinctly; in detail; circumstantially.
P tafriqa, corr. tafraqa [for A tafla (acc. of tafl), adv. In detail,
A. , tafriqat, fem., inf. n. ii of ' to make a &c.=tafl-wr, q.v.s.v. tafl.
difference (between)'], s.m. Difference, A tafaul [inf. n. v of ' to exceed, to
distinction; separation, division; variance, excel'], s.m. Excess; excelling; deserving;
discord, disunion (syn. ph); scattering, conferring a benefit (on); beneficence,
dispersion; distress; divorce:tafriqa ln (- kindness, favour.
me), To sow discord (between), to set at A taf [inf. n. ii of ' to disgrace'],
variance, to separate:tafriqa karn (-k), To s.f. Exposing the vices or faults (of); putting to
shame; disgrace, disrepute, ignominy.

696
A tafl [inf. n. ii of ' to exceed,' &c.], A taqrub [inf. n. vi of ' to draw near'],
s.f. Excellence, pre-eminence:ism-e-tafl, s.m. Approaching one another; name of a
An adjective in the comparative or superlative measure (in versification).
degree:tafl-e-ba`, The comparative P taq [for A. taq, inf. n. vi
degree:tafl-e-kull, The superlative of ' to decree; to pay (a debt),' &c.;in A.
degree:tafl-e-nafs, The positive degree. nouns of this form the Persians generally
A tafaqqud [inf. n. v of ' to be lost'], s.m. change final to , as tamsh fortamsh, &c.],
Searching for anything lost; inquiring s.m. Demanding or exacting payment (of a
diligently, wishing to know; (fig.) seeking to debt), dunning; pressing the settlement of a
gain the heart (of), sympathy, kindness, claim; demand, requisition, claim; exigence,
commiseration (syn. dil-jo`, mihrbn). urgency, importunity:taq-e-sinn, s.m. The
A tafakkur [inf. n. v of ' to think customs or habits of different ages (as of
(upon)'], s.m. Thinking (upon), considering; childhood, youth, or manhood); the
reflection, meditation, cogitation; anxiety. requirements, or the natural tendencies, of
A tafakkoh [inf. n. v of ' to be free from different ages:taq-e-shadd, s.m. Great
straightness'], s.m. Enjoyment (of a thing); pressure or importunity; inexorable dunning:
wondering (at), admiring; repenting, grieving, taq-e-`umr, s.m.=taq-e-sinn, q.v.:
lamenting; penitence. taq karn (-k), To demand payment (of); to
P tufang, s.m. A tube through which a exact; to claim; to press, to urge, to dun:
thing is blown or propelled; a musket; pea- `inda`l-taq, adv. On demand.
shooter; pop-gun. P taq`, adj. Exacting, pressing,
P tufang-, s.m. A musketeer, urging, importunate, solicitous.
matchlock-man. A taqtur [inf. n. vi of ' to drop'], s.m.
A tafannun [inf. n. v of ;see fan], s.m. Dropping continuously; distilling drop by drop;
Diversion, relaxation, pastime, amusement, fun. raining.
A tafawwuq [inf. n. v of ' to be superior A taqto` [inf. n. vi of ' to cut off,' &c.],
(to)'], s.m. Exalting oneself (above others), s.m. Being disunited; being detached or placed
pretending to a superiority (over others); separately; cutting one another, intersection (of
superiority, ascendancy;doing (anything) lines):taqto` karn, v.n. To cut one another,
leisurely or by degrees. to intersect;v.t. To cut off (from, -se), to
A tafawwul [inf. n. v of ;but formed detach (from); to place separately or loosely
from fl, q.v.], s.m. Auguring good (by or (upon, -par); to give (one) the cut.
from), regarding as a good omen; taking an A taq`ud [inf. n. vi of ' to sit'], s.m.
omen (from); presaging happily; augury: Backwardness, dilatoriness, negligence.
tafawwul nikln (-se), To take an omen (from), P taqwat (from A. ), s.f. Piety;
&c. abstinence, continence (see taqw).
A tafw [inf. n. ii of not in use], s.f. A taqw [inf. n. vi of ' to be strong'],
Committing (to), consigning (to); consignment s.f. Strengthening, assisting (particularly
(of); confiding (to), placing in trust or deposit; tenants); money in advance (esp. to cultivators
handing over (to); forwarding; cession; for implements, digging wells, &c.);vying,
recommending;giving (a woman) in marriage contending (with).
without a dowry:tafw karn, v.t. To commit A taqabbu [inf. n. v of ' to take'], s.m.
(to), consign (to), confide (to), hand over (to), Mutual surrender, silent exchange of an article
place in trust or deposit, &c. and its cost.
A tafahhum [inf. n. ii of ' to understand'], A taqaddasa [3rd pers. sing. perf. act. of
s.m. Understanding; conceiving, apprehending. conj. v. of ' to be pure or holy'], lit. 'He is
A tafhm [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Making (one) sanctified or holy'; (optat.) may (He) be
understand or know; teaching instructing, sanctified;adj. Sanctified, pure, holy (said of
informing. God).
A taqbul [inf. n. vi of ' to come A taqaddus [inf. n. v of ], s.m. Being
forward, to approach,' &c.], s.m. Encountering, pure and holy; purity, sanctity, holiness.
standing face to face, the being drawn up in A taqaddum [inf. n. v of ' to precede'],
mutual opposition. s.m. Preceding; priority, precedence, pre-
A taqdum [inf. n. vi of ' to precede,' eminence.
&c.], s.m. Being ancient, antique or old; P taqdima, vulg. taqdama [for
preceding, going before; (in law) such a A. taqdimat, fem., inf. n. ii of ], s.m. The
distance of time as suffices to prevent proposition (of a syllogism); advance (of money
punishment (similar to the 'statutory limitations' on account); final adjustment or audit (of an
of English law). account); an estimate; a budget.

697
A taqdr [inf. n. ii of ' to measure,
determine,' &c.], s.f. Measuring; apportioning
(subsistence or daily bread); ordering,
ordaining, decreeing;thinking, considering,
supposing; the ordaining of Providence; the
Divine decree; predestination; fate, destiny,
lot:taqdr-k he, adj. Having a wretched
lot;s.m. A wretched wight:bar taqdr, adv.
On the supposition; in the event (of).
A taqdrt, s.f. pl. (of taqdr), Decrees, A H taqrriy, = A H taqrr, adj.
&c. (of Providence).
A taqds [inf. n. ii of ' to be pure or
holy'], s.f. Making pure or holy, sanctifying;
sanctification, sanctity; purity; magnifying.
A taqdm [inf. n. ii of ' to precede'], s.f.
Giving precedence (to), preferring, putting
before; precedence, priority; sending forward,
sending on before; setting before, presenting;
preparing; performing; putting one before
another, transposition:taqdm karn, v.t. To
give precedence (to); to send forward, &c.; to
put before; to prepare, to perform.
A taqarrub [inf. n. v of ' to draw
near,'], s.m. Striving to draw near, seeking
admittance; nearness, propinquity,
approximation, approach; access (to a monarch
or to the Deity):taqarrub il karn (-k),
To obtain access or admittance (to a monarch,
&c.).
A taqarrur [inf. n. v of ' to remain firm,
to rest,' &c.], s.m. Being established;
confirmation, ratification; settlement;
appointment; approbation; appropriation:
taqarrur karn, v.t. To confirm; to appoint; &c.
A P taqarrur, s.f. Settlement;
appointment (=taqarrur).
A taqrb [inf. n. ii of ' to draw near'],
s.f. Giving access (to), causing to approach,
bringing near; approaching; approximation,
proximity; approach, access; commending,
recommending, mentioning (anyone) to another
before meeting; recommendation, mention;
occasion, conjuncture; festive occasion,
festival; ceremony, rite; cause, means;
appearance, probability; pretence, motive:
takrb karn, v.t. To bring (one) near (another);
to commend, recommend; to prepare (one) for
the reception (of another).
A taqrbt, s.f. pl. (of taqrb), Occasions; A taqtr [inf. n. ii of ' to drop'], s.f.
festive occasions, festivals, ceremonies, &c.
A taqrba (acc. of taqrb), adv. Near to,
nearly, approximately, about.
A taqrr [inf. n. ii of ' to pour' (words
into another's ear); cf. taqarrur], s.f. Speaking,
discoursing; relating; explaining; confirming;
speech, discourse, statement, declaration,
assertion, relation, recital, narrative, account,
detail; exposition; avowal, confession;
ascertainment; confirmation:taqrr karn (-
k), To speak, discourse (of); to relate, recite,
declare, assert, &c.
A taqrra = A H taqrr (acc.
of taqrr) adv. By word of mouth, orally.
A H taqrr = A taqrra adv. By
word of mouth, orally.
A H taqrr, = A H taqrriy, adj.
Addicted to talking much, talkative, loquacious;
fond of arguing, disputatious.
Addicted to talking much, talkative, loquacious;
fond of arguing, disputatious.
A taqrs [inf. n. ii of ' to be very
cold'], s.f. Chilling, cooling; congealing.
A taqrz [inf. n. ii of ' to praise' (the
living)], s.f. lit. 'Praising the living' (justly or
unjustly); reviewing, review.
A taqsm [inf. n. ii of ' to divide into
parts'], s.f. Dividing, distributing, sharing;
division, distribution, partition, allotment;
division (in Arith.):taqsm bhaiy-r, s.f.
Division of land between co-sharers who are
jointly bound for the payment of the revenue:
taqsm-e-jadd, s.f. A fresh division or partition,
redistribution:taqsm karn (with acc. or gen.
of first, and loc. of second object), To divide,
distribute (among or over, -me, or -par), to
share, part, portion, apportion, assort:taqsm-
e-mutaar, s.f. Short division (in Arith.):
taqsm-e-murakkab, s.f. Compound division:
taqsm-nma, s.m. A deed or record of division
of property (=b patra):taqsm hon, v.n.
To be divided, &c.:taqsm hone-k raqm, s.f.
The dividend (in Arith.).
A P taqsm, adj. Divisible, liable to
partition; according to allotment.
A taqashshuf [inf. n. v. of ' to be
squalid,' &c.], s.m. Living poorly; being
scantily fed and coarsely clothed.
A taqr [inf. n. ii of ' to shorten'], s.f.
Defect, failure, omission, shortcoming; mistake,
error, fault, offence, crime misdemeanour; guilt,
blame:taqr-mand, taqr-wr, adj.
Blamable, culpable, faulty, criminal, guilty.
A taqrt, s.f. pl. (of taqr),
Shortcomings, omissions, errors, failings;
offences, crimes.
Causing to come away drop by drop; distilling;
distillation; passing (urine, &c.) in drops;
strangury; diabetes; gonorrha.
A taqt` [inf. n. ii of ' to cut off'], s.f.
Cutting into parts, dissection; scanning (of
verse); the csura or pause (in reading
poetry):taqt` karn (-k), To dissect; to scan
(verse).
A taqallub [inf. n. v of ' to turn; to
invert,' &c.], s.m. Being turned, being inverted;
698
turn, change, inversion, conversion, &c. (see
the trans. form taqlb).
A taqallubt, s.m. pl. (of taqallub), Turns,
changes, &c.
A taqlb [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Turning (a
thing) upside down, or inside out; inverting;
changing; inversion; conversion, change;
transposition; transmutation.
A P taglb, adj. Changed, converted;
transposed, &c.
A taqld [inf. n. ii of ' to fold' (one thing
over another)], s.f. Investing (with authority),
investiture; imitation, representation; mimicing,
mimicry; a counterfeiting; forgery:taqld
karn (-k), To imitate, copy, mimic, ape; to
represent; to feign, to counterfeit.
A H taqld, adj. Imitated; forged;
counterfeit; false (as stone, &c.).
A taqll [inf. n. ii of
' to be little or few'],
s.f. Diminishing, diminution, reduction; causing
to look less; paucity.
A taqw, s.m. Fear of God, piety;
preserving or guarding oneself from sin;
abstinence; continence:ahl-e-taqw, adj. &
s.m. Pious, devout;the pious; a pious man,
one who fears God.
A taqaww [inf. n. v of ' to be strong'],
s.f. Strengthening, assisting (particularly
tenants, by advances, remitting rents, &c.;
cf. taqw).
P taqwiyat [for A. , inf. n. ii of ], H ti-kr [S. +, rt. ], s.m.
s.f. Strengthening, confirming, establishing;
strength; corroboration; invigoration; support,
aid; assurance, confidence; comfort; trust,
reliance:taqwiyat karn (-k), To strengthen,
confirm; to sustain, support, back; to inspirit,
encourage, &c.
A taqwm [inf. n. ii of ' to be standing or
erect'], s.f. Making straight or erect; setting in
order, ordering, regulating, adjusting, directing
aright; fixing, determining, settling; estimating,
rating; adjustment, proportion, symmetry;an
almanac, a calendar:asan taqwm, s.f.
Exquisite proportion, perfect symmetry.
A taq, adj. God-fearing, pious, devout.
A tuq [inf. n. of ], s.m. Fear of God,
piety (=taqw; taqya).
A taqaiyud [inf. n. v of ' to be bound'], s.f.
(m.?), Application, attention, diligence,
industry, assiduity, care; strictness; overseeing,
superintending, oversight, superintendence,
surveillance, observation, vigilance; enjoining,
injunction:taqaiyud karn (-par), To
superintend, look closely (after); to impress
(upon), enjoin, caution, &c.
A taqaiyudt, s.f. pl. (of taqaiyud),
Injunctions, cautions, &c.
P taqya (for A. taqyat, fem., inf. n. (by saying allho akbar, 'God is great');
of ), s.m. Fearing God, fear (of God), piety;
caution (=taqw); pious fraud or subterfuge
(allowable in certain cases; e.g. in the case of
a Sha's visiting Mecca as a pilgrim, and calling
himself a Sunn).
H tak [S. ; or perhaps a contrac.
of t+lag; cf. talak], postpn. To, toward, up to,
near to, even to, as far as, so much as, to the
extent (of), including, with;till, until, as long
as, while, during, for.
H tak, s.f. Look, glance; aim, &c. (=tk,
q.v.):tak bdhn, tak lagn (-par) = tk
bdhn, &c., q.v.s.v. tk.
H tak [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. A
balance, a scale (esp. a large one for weighing
heavy goods).
H tuk [S. ], s.m. (f. ?), One line of
a poem; a rhyme; a cadence;a moment
(cf. uk):tuk-band, s.f. Forming rhymes,
making verses:tuk-band karn, tuk jon,
v.n. To rhyme; to make verses:tuk-me tuk
mi-ln, v.n. To rhyme; to concert (with); to
sing the same song (as), to agree (with), side
(with).
H tikk, s.m. See tikka.
H tukk, s.m. See tukka.
P tak--p, = P tak--p`, s.f.=tag-
-p, q.v.s.v. tag.
P tak--p`, = P tak--p, s.f.=tag-
-p, q.v.s.v. tag.
Three ploughings (cf. tikhr).
A taksul [inf. n. vi of ' to be torpid or
sluggish'], s.m. Indolence, sluggishness;
negligence, carelessness.
S tuk-kshr, s.f.=tug-
kshr, q.v.s.v. tug.
A taklf, s.f. pl. (of taklf), Impositions,
difficulties, distresses, hardships, trials.
P H takn (fr. S. ), s.m. Motion,
agitation; gesture:takn den, v.t. To put in
motion, to shake, jolt; to agitate; to brush off.
H takn, s.f.=thakn, q.v.
H takn [tak = Prk.
or =S. + caus. augment], v.t.
To aim.
A takhul [inf. n. vi of ' to be slow,'
&c.], s.m. Indolence, negligence, remissness.
A takabbur [inf. n. v. of ' to be great'],
s.m. Pride, haughtiness, arrogance, loftiness,
presumption, grandeur.
A H takabbur, s.f.=takabbur, q.v-
A takbr [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. lit. 'Making,
calling, or esteeming great'; magnifying God
repeating the Mohammadan creed, or only
saying 'God is great' upon particular occasions.
699
S tikta, vulg. tikt, adj. & s.m. Bitter, A H takrr, adj. Contentious,
disputatious, fond of argument, importuning,
pungent; fragrant (see tt);bitter taste,
troublesome; wrangling, quarrelsome;
bitterness, pungency; fragrance:tikta-
litigious;s.m. Caviller, carper; wrangler, &c.
bhadrak, s.m. A kind of
A takarrur [inf. n. v of ] , s.m. Repeating,
cucumber, Trichosanthes dioica:tikta-patra,
reiterating, repetition; persevering.
s.m. The cucurbitaceous plant Momordia
A takrm [inf. n. ii of ' to be noble or
mixta:tikta-parvan, s.f. The pot-
honourable,' &c.], s.f. Honouring, revering;
herb Hilancha repens; the plantMenispermum
treating with honour or respect; honour, respect,
glabrum:tikta-tumb, s.f. A bitter gourd:
reverence:takrm karn (-k), To treat (one)
tikta-dugdh, s.f. A medicinal kind of moon
with honour, or respect; to honour, respect,
plant; name of several other plants:tikta-
revere.
rohinik, s.f. A medicinal plant, Dica:tikta-
sr, s.m. The Mimosa catechu:tikta-sk, s.m. H tak, adj.=tag, q.v.
The plant Capparis trifoliata:tikta-gadh, H tuk, s.f. See uk.
s.f. The plant Lycopodium imbricatum:tikta- A takassur [inf. n. v of ' to break'], s.m.
vall, s.f. The plant Aletris hyacinthoides. Being broken or shattered; being spent; being
H tak-tak (onomat.), s.m. The debilitated; carrying (figures in arithmetic);
sound of feet, &c. (=ak-ak). folding up (the wings, as a bird when about to
S tiktak, s.m. A kind of cease from flight).
A takassul [inf. n. v of ' to be
gourd, Trichosanthes dica;a sort of sluggish'], s.m. Being lazy or inactive;
gentian, Gentian cherayta. inactivity, want of energy; indisposition,
H tik-tik [S. , or ], s.f. sickness. (Not classical Arabic.)
The sound uttered by the driver of a cart to urge A taksr [inf. n. v of ' to break'], s.f.
on the bullocks, &c. drawing it. Breaking to pieces, shattering; carrying (figures
S tiktik, s.f. A bitter gourd. in arithmetic); dividing so as to produce a
fraction.
H taktak [tak, H tukkash (corr. of tarkash; but cf. tukka),
redupl.+Prk. =S. ], s.f. A carpenter's s.m. A quiver.
level (com. akak). S takshak, s.m. Cutter, wood-cutter;
A taksr [inf. n. ii of ' to be much, or carpenter (=baha`); one of the
abundant,' &c.], s.f. Multiplying, increasing, principal ngas or serpents of Ptla; a snake
augmenting, enlarging. of a middle size and of a red colour.
A taksf [inf. n. ii of ' to be dense,' S takshan, s.m. Cutting, paring,
&c.], s.f. Rendering thick or dense, condensing. peeling, planing.
A takaddud [inf. n. v of ' to labour'], s.m.
Labour, toil; hardship. (Not classical Arabic.) S takshan, s.m. A wood-cutter,
A takaddur [inf. n. v of ' to be turbid,' carpenter:takshail, s.f. Name of a city of
&c.], s.m. Being turbid; being disturbed or the Gandhras in the Panjb, the Taxila of
troubled (in mind, &c.); muddiness, turbidness; Ptolemy.
dregs; dulness; disturbed state (of mind), H tiksha, adj.=tkshna, q.v.
disquietude; sullenness, moroseness.
S taksha, s.f. A carpenter's adze,
A takb [inf. n. ii of ' to lie'], s.f.
Accusing of falsehood, giving (one) the lie: an axe, &c.
takb den (-ko), To give (one) the lie. A takafful [inf. n. v of ' to be security
(for)'], s.m. Taking security; becoming security
S takra, vulg. takr, s.m. Buttermilk with for another; surety; bail.
a fourth part water:takr (takra+aa), s.m. A A takfr [inf. n. ii of ' to cover, to hide;
churning stick. to be ungrateful,' &c.], s.f. Covering; expiating
A takrr [inf. n. of ' to return,' and also a crime, doing penance or paying a mulct as
of ii of [ , s.f. Repeating often; repetition; atonement (for); humbling oneself before
tautology; the chorus or burthen of a song; another (putting the hand upon the breast and
question, dispute; objection, controversy, inclining the head), shewing distant respect;
contention, altercation, wrangling, wrangle, accusing (one) of infidelity or impiety, calling
cavil:takrr karn (-k and -par), To repeat; (one) an infidel; making (one) an unbeliever;
to argue or debate (upon or about, to object (to), guiltiness.
remonstrate; to cavil (at); to dispute, contend, to A takfn [inf. n. ii of ' to wrap (a body)
carry on an altercation, to wrangle, quarrel. in a winding-sheet'], s.f. Putting on the
winding-sheet, laying in the coffin, shrouding;

700
sepulture:takfn karn (-k), To shroud, to P tukma (prob. connected with tukka, and
coffin. S. twak), s.m. (Orig. 'a button'), a loop, button-
H tukkal, s.f. = H tukl, loop, button-hole, eye-loop.
A takml [inf. n. ii of ' to be perfect'],
s.m. A small paper kite (syn.gu).
s.f. Perfecting; finishing, completing;
H tukl, s.m. = H tukkal, perfection, excellence; completion;
s.f. A small paper kite (syn.gu). accomplishment;authentication, authority,
H takl [S. +], s.m. A spindle validity:takml pn, v.n. To be finished or
completed:takml-e-tamassuk, s.f. Execution
(=taku`).
A takalluf [inf. n. v of ' to attend of bond:takml-e-rahn, s.f. Foreclosure of
carefully (to)'], s.m. Taking (anything) upon mortgage:takml karn, takml-ko
oneself gratuitously or without being required pahun, v.t. To finish, complete, bring to a
to do it, gratuitousness; taking much pains conclusion or termination, to execute; to give
personally (in any matter); pains, attention, authority (to), to authenticate.
industry, perseverance; trouble, inconvenience; H takn (see tkn, and tk), v.t. To
elaborate preparation (for); profusion, look at, peep at, peer into; to look steadfastly at,
extravagance; careful observance of etiquette, to fix the gaze upon, to gaze or stare at; to
ceremony, formality; dissimulation, watch or wait for, to look out for, to expect; to
insincerity:takalluf bar-taraf, adv. Ceremony look wistfully or longingly at or to;v.n. To
apart, waiving ceremony:takalluf-k, adj. On look, peep, spy, watch; to aim (at), take aim; to
which great pains have been bestowed, point (as a dog); to be looked at; to be stared
laboured, elaborate, high-wrought, finished, at:tak-rahn, v.t. (intens. of takn), To keep
elegant:takalluf karn (-me), To take great the eye fixed on, to look steadfastly at, &c.
pains (in); to be ceremonious (in), &c.: H taku`, takw [S. +],
takalluf-mizj, adj. Ceremonious.
s.m. A spindle (=takl).
A takalluft, s.m. pl. (of takalluf),
Elaborations; elaborate preparations; troubles, H takwh [tak = tk =
inconveniences; forms of ceremony, Prk. =S. +wh = w` =
ceremonies; formalities, compliments:
takalluft-e-darbr, s.m. lit. 'Extravagances of a Prk. +=S. ++], s.f.
court,' lavish expenditure:takalluft-e-rasm, Looking sharp after, watching, overseeing,
s.m. Ceremonious attentions, formal or empty superintending.
compliments:takalluft-e-majlis, s.m. The P tak-o-dau, s.f.=tag-o-dau, q.v.s.v. tag.
ceremonies of society, etiquette. H ti-kon = H ti-
A takallum [inf. n. v of ;see kalm], s.m. kon [S. +], adj. & s.m. Three-
Speaking, talking; speech, conversation.
cornered, triangular;a triangle.
H takl [S. +], s.f. A
H ti-kon = H ti-
weaver's reed (cf. takl).
H tukl (dim. of tukl, q.v.), s.f. A kon [S. +], adj. & s.m. Three-
child's paper kite. cornered, triangular;a triangle.
A taklf [inf. n. ii of ' to attend H tikoniy [S. +],
carefully (to)'], s.f. Ceremony; the imposition of adj.=tikon.
a burthen (upon); burden, difficulty, trouble, A takwn [inf. n. ii of ' to be'], s.f.
distress, inconvenience; molestation, injury, Causing to be, giving a being or existence (to);
annoyance, hardship, grievance; suffering, originating; creating.
ailment, affliction:taklf uhn, v.n. To P takka, s.m. A goat (particularly a he-goat
experience trouble, &c.; to suffer:taklf pn, that leads the flock):takka-rsh, s.m. Goat-
v.n. Idem:taklf pahun (-ko), and taklf beard, a beard on the chin only, like a goat's:
den (-ko), To inflict pain (on), to trouble, takka-rsh, s.f. The state of having beard on the
incommode; to annoy, molest, &c.:taklf chin only, as the goat.
karn, v.n. To take the trouble, to trouble P tikka, s.m. A bit, piece, a mouthful; a
oneself:taklf-me, adv. In distress or want, small piece of flesh, a lump of meat, a slice, a
&c. stake, chop, collop:tikka-bo karn (-k), To
P takmila [for A. takmilat, fem., inf. cut in pieces, to slice; to make mince-meat (of).
n. ii of ;see kaml], s.m. Perfection; P tukka (S. tunga), s.m. An arrow without a
completion (cf. takml). head, but with a button or knob at the end;a
little hill, an eminence.
H , tukhr, s.m.=tushr, q.v.

701
H tikhrn [tikhr = S. +, P tag [Zend taka, rt. tak = S. ], s.f.
rt. ], v.t. To plough three times before Running, flying, rushing:tag--p, tag--
p`, tag--dau, tag-tz, tag-dau, tag-o-p, tag-
sowing, to trifallow;to inquire closely or
o-tz, or tag-o-dau, s.f. Running about in quest
earnestly into; to establish, confirm, prove
of employment or on business; great exertion or
(syn. sthir karn; harn).
effort; close pursuit or search (after); bustle,
H takhn [Prk. ; S. ], toil, fatigue; anxiety, care, concern (syn.dau-
s.m. A carpenter. dhp; udhe-bun).
H tikhn, v.t.=ikhrn, q.v. H tagg (see tg), s.m. A strand or
H , tukhit, part. adj.=tushit, thread of a twist; sewing thread:tagga
q.v. bdhn (-par), To tie a thread (on the right
wrist, in honour of Lakshm).
H tikhr (from tikhrn), part.
H tagg, s.m. The husband of a wet-nurse
Ploughed three times;s.m. Ploughing three (syn. dh`o).
times:tikhr karn, v.t. To plough three times H tigg (c.f. tag), s.m. An errand-boy.
before sowing, to trifallow.
S tug, s.f. The manna of bamboos
H takhar, takhr =
(=tabshr):tug-kshr, s.f.=tug.
H takha, takh [tak, P tag-a-p, s.f. See s.v. tag for compounds
q.v.+Prk. =S. +], s.f. Scales (of a of which tag is the first member.
balance); a pair of small scales. H tagn (caus. of tagn), v.t. To
H takha, takh = cause to be quilted; to get stiched together.
H tag` [tag, base
H takhar, takhr [tak,
of tagn+` = Prk. =S.
q.v.+Prk. =S. +], s.f. Scales (of a
balance); a pair of small scales. ()++()], s.f. The act of quilting;
H takhan, s.m.=taksha and takshan, the price paid for quilting, &c.
qq.v. S tagar, s.m. The
H takhan [S. +], adv. (prov.) shrub Tabernmontana coronaria, and a
fragrant powder prepared from it.
At that time, then (correl. of jakhan). P tagarg, s.m. Hail, a hail-storm.
H tikht, s.f.=tir-kh, q.v.: H taga (cf. tag), s.m. A plate or leaf
tikh-np, s.f. Trigonometry (=tri-ko-miti). of metal; a medal; a device on a shield
H takiy, s.m.= takya, q.v. (cf. tamga).
H takn [tak = takya+n = l = H tag [tag = tak = S. ?+ =
Prk. =S. +], s.f. A small pillow or Prk. =S. +], adj. Stout, strong, robust.
cushion.
P takya, s.m. A pillow, bolster, cushion; H tag [tg, q.v.+ =
anything upon which one leans, prop, support; Prk. =S. +], s.f. A thread, or a gold
reliance, trust; the reserve of an army; a place of or silver chain, worn round the waist; a girdle, a
repose; the stand or abode of a faqr:takya- zone (syn. kardhan).
dr, s.m. A faqr, a dervish:takya den (-
S tigma, adj. & s.m. Sharp, pointed
ko), lit. 'To give (one) a pillow to recline
against'; to receive with respect;to lean or rest (as a weapon, &c.); hot, pungent, acrid; violent,
(upon or against):takya karn (-k), To fiery, passionate, hasty;a hot or pungent
support, to encourage:takya karn (-par), To flavour; heat, pungency:tigma-ga, adj. Going
lean, rest, or recline (upon); to depend or rely or flying swiftly.
(upon):takya-kalm, s.m. An expletive; a
needless word or phrase repeatedly or S taga (ta+gaa), s.m. (in Pros.),
habitually introduced into speech (such as the The measure called hypo-bacchic or anti-
English 'do you see'; 'do you understand,' bacchic.
&c.):takya lagn (-par), To lean (upon or
against), &c.=takya karn (-par):takya-
H tigu, tigan, = H
nishn, s.m.=takya-dr, q.v.
H tag (local)=postpn.=tak;and s.f.=tak, 'a tigu, tign, [S. + ],
scale.' adj. & adv. Threefold, treble, triple; thrice;
tigu, s.m. A tone in music.

702
 nazr, s.m. One who looks from under his eye-
H tigu, tign, = H lids:talopari (tala+upari), adv. Upside down,
&c.=tal-par.
tigu, tigan, [S. + ],
adj. & adv. Threefold, treble, triple; thrice; A tall, tal, s.m. A hillock, hill, eminence; a
tigu, s.m. A tone in music. heap.

H tagn (from tg, q.v.), v.t. To S til, s.m. The sesamum plant,
quilt; to stitch together. Sesamum indicum; the seed of the sesamum,
oil-seed; a black spot or speck (as the focus of
H tagw`, s.f.=tag`, q.v. solar rays through a burning glass); a mole or a
black spot (on the face, compared to a seed of
sesamum); the pupil of the eye; a small particle
H tagh, s.f.=tag, q.v. or portion, the least bit (as much as a sesamum-
seed); a moment or instant;a kind of
H tagg (dim. of tagg, or tg, q.v.), sweetmeat (=til-ku; til-k mih`):til-anjal,
s.f. A strand or thread of a twist; a kind of tilnjal (tila+anjal), s.f. A handful (or a double
fishing line (not used with a rod, prop. au- handful) of water mixed with sesamum-seeds
tagg, q.v.). offered to the manes of deceased ancestors:
tilnjal den (-ko), To make an oblation of
water and sesamum-seeds, to perform funeral
H tigg, s.f. Giving a back, taking
obsequies:til badhn, v.n. A black spot or
pickback (used by boys). speck to form (as that of the sun's rays through
a burning-glass):til-bhugg, s.m.=til-r, and
H tagiyn (from tg, q.v.), v.t. til-ku, q.v.:til-pia, s.m. A sort of
To stitch a quilt, to quilt (=tg ln). sweetmeat made chiefly of ground sesamum:
til-par, s.f. The sandal tree, Pterocarpus
H tagiyn (from P. tak or tag = S. tak), santalinus; sandal-wood, red sanders:til-
v.t. To cause to run or gallop. pinja, til-pej, s.m. Barren sesamum (which
bears no blossom, or whose seed yields no
H tagen (caus. from tag = S. oil):til-til, adv. By little and little, by degrees,
slowly;til-til-k isb, or til-til-k lekh, An
tak), v.t. To run after, to chase, pursue closely;
account of every particle or fraction, a strict or
to assault (cf. ragen).
exact account:til-tail, s.m. Sesamum oil (=til-
k-tel):til-wal, til-`ol, s.f. A mixture
S tala, vulg. tal, s.m. Surface, level composed of rice and sesamum-seeds; a
surface, level; bottom, lowest part, &c. (=tal, mixture of black and grey (as in the hair of the
q.v.); lowness, inferiority of position; low head or beard, &c.):til-r (from ra), s.f.
ground; the place under, underneath part; sole A kind of sweetmeat (cf. til-pia; til-ku):
of the foot; palm of the hand; ground, floor; til-dhenu, s.f. Sesamum made up in the shape of
deck (of a ship); back;adv. & postpn., Under, a cow for the purpose of being presented to
beneath, &c. (=tale); from underneath, from Brhmans:til-akar, s.f. A kind of sweetmeat
beneath:taltal (tala+atala), s.m. The fourth made of sesamum and sugar:til-klak, s.m. A
of the seven divisions of the infernal regions: mole or natural spot on the body; a man so
tal-uppar, tal-par, adv. One over or upon marked:til-ka, s.m. The farina of
another (as a row of water-pots, &c.); up and sesamum:til-ku, s.m. A kind of sweetmeat
down; upside down, bottom upwards, topsy- composed of pounded sesamum and gu or
turvy, in confusion:tal-pa, adj. & adv. sugar:til-may, adj. Made of sesamum,
Turned upside down; trodden down, ruined, consisting of sesamum; abounding in
destroyed (particularly crops by the treading of sesamum:til-mayr, s.m. A species of pea-
cattle); lost, carried off, gone:tal-pa karn, fowl (marked with spots like sesamum-seed):
v.t. To trample down, to ruin, &c.:tal-`, tilottam (la+ut), s.f. Name of an Apsaras:
tal-u` (from n), s.m. Light land above tilaudan (la+od), s.m. A dish of milk, rice, and
clay, land that quickly becomes soft and spongy sesamum.
in wet weather; menstruation:tal-ha (from
hun), s.f. Sediment, grounds, lees, dregs; H tul [Prk. , and ; S.
refuse, leavings, scum, offals:tal karn (-ke),
To put underneath, to put aside or apart, to hide and ], adj. & adv. Equal; like, similar;
(with the view of carrying off or stealing):tal- alike:tul-rthak, adj. Of like meaning,

703
synonymous:tul baihn, v.n. To turn out or hundred millions:tul-ko, s.m.=tul-
prove to be equal; to be weighed against parksh, q.v.:tul-lagan, s.f. The entrance of
valuable things which are to be given in alms; the sun into Libra:tul-vj, or tul-bj, s.m.
to sit straight and evenly balanced (on a horse The berry of the Abrus precatorius, from which
or in a boat;tul, here, is probably the past the goldsmith's or jeweller's weight in India is
conj. part. of tuln):tl rahn (-ke), To stand taken (the berry weighs about 1 516 grains
facing or opposed (to), to confront, be drawn up Troy, the factitious weight about 2 316 grains).
in battle array.
H tul (perf. part. of tuln, q.v.), part.
S tal, s.f. The leathern fence worn by adj. Weighed; poised, evenly balanced, in
archers on the left arm. equipoise, in equilibrium;tul hu`, adj.
Idem:tul rahn, v.n. To sit evenly balanced
H tal [Prk. =S. +], s.m. (in a boat, &c.), to sit straight or erect (on a
horse; cf. tul baithn); to be in equilibrium:
Bottom, lowest part, base; depth; keel (of a
tule-mile zor, s.m. A system of forces in
boat, &c.); sole (of a shoe, &c.); a stand,
equilibrium.
support; protection (cf. tal):tale (Prk. tale; S.
tale), adv. & postpn., At the bottom (of), at the
foot (of, -ke, but this postpn. is very commonly S taltal, s.m. See s.v. tal.
omitted); under, underneath, beneath, below;
down; on the ground:tale-n, v.n. To come H til-dn, s.f. See s.v. til.
down, descend, dismount, &c.; to suffer loss; to
come under, be under the authority or control T & P talsh (prob. contrac. from A.
(of, -ke); to fall under, be trodden upon, be talsh, q.v.), s.f. Search, quest; scrutiny; study,
crushed (by); to come under (anything, for research; pursuit (syn. just-o-j):talsh karn
shelter), to take shelter under:tale-par, adv. (-k), To search (for), to seek; to explore.
One over or upon another, one after another, in
succession; bottom upwards, upside-down, T H talsh, s.f. Searcihng the person,
topsy turvy; confused:tale-band, tale-band property, or house (of a person, for stolen
bq, s.f. A balance sheet:tale pan (-ke), To property, or for smuggled goods);s.m.f.
fall under, to be crushed (by); to lie under or Seeker, searcher:talsh len (-k), To search
beneath; to lie or sleep on the ground:tale tale the person or house, &c. (of); to institute a
dekhn, v.n. To see clandestinely:tale-k search.
zamn par hon, Great confusion to arise, great
commotion or convulsion to take place. A talsh [inf. n. vi of ;but said to be
derived from l-shay, 'nothing'], s.f.
H til, till [Prk. ; S. Annihilation; vanishing; disap earance;
dispersion.
; cf. P. tila, and P. & A. til], s.m.
Ointment, salve; overlay; drawn gold; an A taltum [inf. n. vi of ' to buffet'], s.m.
ornamental fringe, gold-lace border (of a Buffeting, dashing (particularly of waves).
turban, &c.):til-dn, tile-dn, s.f. A small
bag for holding needle, thread, scissors, &c.; a A talf [inf. n. vi of ], s.f. Making
housewife, a hold-all. amends, reparation, compensation, recompense.

S tul, s.f. A balance or scale, a pair of A talq [inf. n. vi of ' to meet'], s.f.
Meeting each other; meeting, reunion,
scales; the balance as an ordeal; the sign Libra
interview.
of the Zodiac; a measure or weight of gold and
silver, 100 palas, or about 145 oz. Troy; the
A tilm, s.m. pl. (of tilm), Boys, servants.
practice of being weighed against gold or any
valuable substance (which is afterwards given
to priests); the science of Statics:tul- H talmi (contrac. of talm) = P
parksh, s.f. Ordeal by the balance (the weight talmia (for A. = )A talm s.m.
of the accused being first taken, certain prayers plur. (of tilm), Scholars, pupils, disciples).
and ceremonies are performed, after which he is
weighed again; if lighter, he is innocent; if P talmia (for A. = )H talmi
heavier, or as at first, guilty):tul-dn, s.m. (contrac. of talm) = A talm s.m. plur.
The gift to a Brhman of as much gold, silver, (of tilm), Scholars, pupils, disciples).
&c. as equals the weight of the body:tul-
koh, s.f. An ornament of the feet or toes; a

704
A talm = H talmi (contrac. of H tal` [tal, rt. of taln+` =
talm) = P talmia (for A. )s.m.
Prk. =S. ()++()],
plur. (of tilm), Scholars, pupils, disciples).
s.f. Frying;cost of having (a thing) fried;
til`, s.f. A frying-pan.
H tal-mal, s.f.=talmal, q.v.

H til` (til, rt. of tiln, fr. tel,

H taln [caus. of taln; tal+ = w
q.v.+`; see tal`), s.f. Oiling; pouring oil on (a
= Prk. or S.= caus. increment], torch, &c.).
v.t. To cause to fry; to have (a thing) fried.
H tul` (from tuln), s.f.=tulw`,
H tiln (corr. of tirn), s.m. A q.v.
kind of song, &c.
H til-bar [S. +], s.m. lit.
H tuln [caus. of tuln; tul = 'Spotted or speckled'; the starling; a turtle dove,
Prk. ()=S. +; cf. taln], v.t. or other speckled bird (=til-war; til-yar).
To cause to be weighed, to have or get (a thing) A talbs [inf. n. ii of ' to cover,' &c.],
weighed, valued, &c. (=tauln, tulwn). s.f. Covering; obscuring, mystifying;
concealing (facts or defects), deceiving,
S tilnjali, s.f. See s.v. til. cheating; deception, fraud, cheat, imposture;
fallacy; misrepresentation; failing to prove an
H tal`o [Prk. or =S. allegation; false personation; knavery; a knave;
confusion; mixture, adulteration, falsification,
], s.m. Tank, pond, &c. (=tlb). corruption, counterfeiting (coin).

H tul` [tul, rt. of tul-n+Prk. H talpa, adj. See s.v. tal.

=S. ()+], adj. Balancing, producing
equilibrium, statical. H talapn, v.n.=taapn, q.v.

H talw, tilw (corr. of P. tilwa, which H til-paniy [S.

is a corr. of A. tal`a or of its pl. tal`e), s.m.
Advanced guard; reconuoitering party, patrol, ++], s.m. Water and oil, watery oil.
guard, picket, night-watch.
S tuli-phal, s.f. The silk-cotton
H tulw [tul, base of tuln+w tree or Smal.
= Prk. =S. ()+], s.m. The part
of a (Hindstn) carriage which rests on the H talaphn, v.n.=taaphn or
axle-tree arm and supports the body of the taapn, q.v.
carriage.
S taltl, s.m. Slapping the hands
P tilwat, vulg. talwat (for A. , inf. n. together.
of ), s.f. Reading (particularly the Qor`n);
meditation.
H taltaln, v.n. To shake; to
H tilw, til`o, s.f. Name of crackle, &c.=tatan, q.v.
a plain in the vicinity of Sirhind abounding in
robbers (hence it is applied to any situation of H tultuln, v.n. To become
danger). soft (with moisture, as a mud wall, or a
suppurating boil, &c.), to become pulpy,
H tal` [Prk. =S. mellow, or ripe (as fruit); to spout or gush out;
to drip.
+], s.f. A small tank or pond
(=talaiy). H til-a [tel, q.v.+(n)+ =
Prk. =S. ()+], s.m. A cockroach
(Blatta).

705
 k hr, s.m. A bead made of the wood of the
H tal-u`, s.m. = H tuls.
tal-ha, s.f. See s.v. tal. A talattuf [inf. n. v of ' to be propitious
or favourable'], s.m. Favouring, showing
H tal-ha, s.f. = H kindness; favour, kindness, obligingness;
tal-u`, s.m. See s.v. tal. blandishment:talattuf karn, v.n. To show
favour or kindness (to), to oblige.
H tilahn, talahn,
A talaf, s.m. Perishing; ruin, destruction,
v.n.=talaphn, q.v. loss; profusion, prodigality, waste,
consumption, expense:talafu`l-ml alafu`l-
P tal [prob. fr. Zend thware: cf. tursh], `umr, The loss of riches is the prolongation of
adj. Bitter, acrid; rancid; punsent; unpalatable; life:talaf karn or kar-den, v.t. To ruin,
acrimonious. malicious; sad, sorrowful:tal- destroy; to waste, consume:talaf hon, v.n.
dna, s.m. Darnel, tares:tal-r, adj. To perish, to be destroyed or ruined; to be
Morose, surly; of severe or stern aspect: wasted; to meet with a loss, be unfortunate.
tal-km, adj. Bitter to the palate; distasteful;
disappointed:tal-km, s.f. Bitterness of A talaffuz [inf. n. v of ' to throw out (of
taste; disappointment:tal karn, v.t. To the mouth)'], s.m. Pronunciation, articulation,
make (a thing) bitter (to or for, -par), to utterance, expression.
embitter, to aggravate; to cool or damp (joy,
ardour, &c.):tal-go, adj. Of bitter speech; A talfq [inf. n. of ' to sew together'], s.f.
plain-spoken; harsh, sharp, caustic:tal- Sewing together; collecting.
mizj, adj. Ill-tempered.
A tilq [inf. n. ii of ' to meet'], s.m.
P tal, s.m. Grain (or boiled rice) parched Meeting with; arriving at; falling upon,
and pounded and then mixed up into paste with encountering (in battle, &c.); meeting,
water; (for P. tala), the gall-bladder. encounter; reprehension.

P tal, s.f. Bitterness; pungency; A talqn [inf. n. ii of ' to perceive or

acrimony, malice, rancour. understand'], s.f. Instructing, informing;
instruction, religious instruction; admitting (a
A talau [inf. n. v of ' to take pleasure'], person) into any order in society, initiation;
s.m. Taking pleasure; pleasure, delight, prayer over the dead at the time of interment,
enjoyment, charms, deliciousness. funeral service:talqn karn, v.t. To instruct,
inform, teach, &c.:talqn hon (-se), To be
instructed (by), &c.
H ti-la, adj. & s.m. = H
ti-lar, s.f. [S. + ], Having or H talak [Prk. =S. +lay; but
consisting of three strings; a necklace, or any see tak], postpn. To, up to, &c.=tak, q.v.
ornament, of three strings or chains.
S tilak, s.m. Ornament, the ornament
H ti-lar, s.f. = H ti-
of anything (used in comp. to express greatness
la, adj. & s.m. [S. + ], Having or or distinction, e.g. trailokya-tilak, 'the ornament
consisting of three strings; a necklace, or any of the three worlds,' i.e. a distinguished
ornament, of three strings or chains. personage); an ornament or other mark between
the eyes or rising between the brows; a sectarial
mark or marks made with coloured eye-earths,
S tulas, vulg. tuls, s.f. The shrub
sandal wood, or unguents upon the forehead
holy basil, Ocymum sanctum (said to have been and between the eyebrows (as a ceremonial
produced from the hair of the goddess Tulas, mark it is made on the occasions of installation
and held in great veneration by Hinds):tuls- to office, coronation of a king, betrothal, &c.,
phl, s.m. Name of a superior kind of fragrat and hence is sometimes synonymous with
rice (so called from its smelling like tuls); 'installation,' 'consecration,' &c.); a freckle,
tuls-dna, s.m. A gold ornament:tuls-dal, mole, natural mark under the skin (=til); a
s.m. The leaf of the tuls plant;tuls-dal species of tree with beautiful flowers; a
ahn (-par), To place or sprinkle tuls leaves commentary (=k):tilak ahn (-par), tilak
on the head of an idol or of a Brhman:tuls- dhrn, tilak dhran karn, To form the tilak

706
mark on the forehead, to ornament, to wear the army against another); to lower;v.t. To
tilak:tilak-dhr, s.m. One who is marked weigh; to value, appraise, &c. (See toln).
with the tilak, one who wears the tilak:tilak
karn (-par), To mark with the tilak, to H tilag, vulg. tiling [S.
ornament; to anoint, install, consecrate, crown;
to betroth; to bid adieu (to):tilak lagn, +], s.m. An inhabitant of Tailanga or
v.n.=tilak ahn, q.v. Tilangna (in which the first soldiers were
clothed and disciplined in the European
P tilak (corr. of T. tirlik), s.f. A short-sleeved manner; hence), a soldier.
(or a sleeveless) robe; a gown; a robe of honour
(=il`at). H tilag s.m. = H
tilag, s.f. A kind of paper kite (cf. tukl).
S tallik, s.f. A key.
H tilag, s.f. = H
S tilak, s.f. A kind of necklace. tilag s.m. A kind of paper kite (cf. tukl).

H tilak, tilk, [S. +], adj. H tilinig, s.f.=teli, q.v.

& s.m. Spotted, freckled, marked with moles,
&c.; chief, principal;the fourth part of a H talu`, talw [S. +,
barley-corn, the unit of length.
with inserted], s.m. The sole of the foot; the
S tulik, s.f. A small bird (said to heel:talw n = talwe n, q.v.:
talwo-se g lagn, v.n. To feel the soles
resemble the wag-tail).
burning'; to be on fire, be excessively angry:
talwo-se lagn (-ke), 'To touch or stick to the
S til-ka, s.m. See s.v. til for soles of the feet'; to touch or affect (one), to
compounds of which that word is the first touch the feelings or interests (of); to follow
member. close at the heels (of), dog the steps (of), to
pursue closely:talwe-tale hth dharn (-ke),
H talag, postpn. (local),=talak, q.v. 'To place the hand under the soles (of)'; to
flatter, &c.=next, q.v.:talwe n (-ke), 'To
lick the soles of the feet (of)'; to flatter, coax,
H talmaln [fr. S.
wheedle:talwe sahln (-ke), 'To stroke the
redupl., with change of t to m], v.n. To be soles of the feet (of)'; to flatter, &c.=talwe
restless, uneasy, or agitated, &c.; to toss about; n.
to grieve; to be impatient; to be tantalized.
H tilu` tilw [S. +,
H talmal, s.f. Restlessness;
with inserted], s.m. A kind of sweetmeat
fidgetiness; impatience:talmal lagn (-ko),
To suffer from restlessness, to be restless or made of ground sesamum and sugar (eaten,
uneasy, &c. particularly by Hinds, when the sun enters
Capricorn).
A tilm, vulg. talm, s.m. A scholar,
pupil, disciple. H talwr [S. ], s.f. A
sword (=tarwr):talwr bajn, v.n. Sword to
H talan [S. , rt. ; cf. also the S. resound; to be busy with (one's) sword:talwr
aln, v.n. To brandish a sword; to use a
'fried'], s.m. Frying; food or meat fried
sword; to strike with the sword:talwr aln
(in butter or oil). or al-rahn, v.n. Swords to be busy, to be
fighting with swords:talwr stn, talwr
H taln (see talan), v.t. To fry;v.n. khain, v.n. To unsheathe or draw the
To be fried (in butter or oil). sword:talwr-k gh`o, s.m. A sword-cut,
sword-wound:talwr-k , s.f. The flash of
H tuln [tul = Prk. ()=S. a sword:talwr mrn, v.t. To strike or cut
with a sword, to use a sword:talwr miyn
(), pass. of rt. ;+n = Prk. =S. karn, v.n. To sheathe the sword:talwro-k
], v.n. To be weighed, be balanced; to be h-me, adv. 'Under the shadow of swords';
suspended; to be drawn up in array (as one well-guarded.

707
 H tulwaiy [fr. tulw-n; a`iy =
H talwsn [talws = talw,
Prk. =S.()++], s.m. A
q.v.+S. ?], v.n. To have the soles of the feet weigher, weighman.
rubbed or worn away by treading on hard rocky
ground. P tila, s.m. Drawn gold, &c.=til or till, q.v.

P talwsa, s.m. Commotion, restlessness; H tilh [S. ++], adj. Oily.

grief, trouble; astonishment.
H tilh` [tilh+` = Prk.
H tulwn [doub. cause of
=S. aff. +], s.f. Oiliness.
toln;tulw = tul+w redupl.=Prk. =S.
], v.t. To have (a thing) weighed,
H taleh (from tal), adj. & s.m.
&c.=tuln, q.v.
Inferior, next below;one who acts at or under
the command of another.
H talws (see talwsn), s.m. Abrasion,
or blister, on the soles of the feet.
H tal [Prk. =S. +], s.f.
H tulw` [tulw(n)+` = Prk. Bottom; sole of a shoe, &c. (=tal, q.v.); hoof
of a camel; fine or impalpable powder:tal-
=S. ()++], s.f. The act jh, s.f. A thorough cleaning or sweeping out,
o weighing; price paid for having (a thing) a clean sweep.
weighed, weighment fee.
H tale [Prk. & S. ], adv. & postpn.
S talopari, adv. See s.v. tala. See s.v. tal.

S tilaudan, s.m. See s.v. til. H till [S. 'spotted'], s.f. The
spleen or milt:till-k bahn, s.m.
H tilwar, s.m. A starling (=tilbar, Enlargement of the spleen (=tap-till, or tp-
q.v.). till, q.v.s.v. tp).

H talwariy [talwr, q.v.=iy = H til, tul, s.f.=tl, q.v.

S. & ], s.m. A swordsman, one armed

with a sword or scimitar, a sword-player;s.f.
A sword, a scimitar.
A talawwun [inf. n. v of ;derived from painter's brush or pencil; a rod, &c., dipped into
laun, 'colour'], s.m. Changing colour (like a
chameleon); versatility, variableness,
changeableness, fickleness, capriciousness,
caprice; restlessness, fidgetiness:talawwun-
tab`, talawwun-mizj, adj. Versatile,
changeable, unstable, capricious, fickle,
whimsical:talawwun-mizj, s.f. Fickleness,
capriciousness, caprice.
H tilaun = H
tiloh (tel+audh, q.v.), adj. Sloped towards
the oil (the wick of a lamp).
S tul, s.f. A fibrous stick used as a
brush by weavers to clean the threads of the
woof (or used as a brush generally, cf. tur); a
a crucible to ascertain whether the contents are
in fusion.
H tul (see tul), s.f. A small balance, a
steelyard.
H talaiy [Prk. =S.
+], s.f. A small tank or pond.
S tulyat, s.f. Equality; likeness,
sameness, resemblance, analogousness.

H tiloh = H H talai [S. ++], s.f. The

tilaun (tel+audh, q.v.), adj. Sloped towards bottom or lower part (of anything); the bed (of a
the oil (the wick of a lamp). river); the floor (of a room); outskirts, suburbs,
environs.

H tile-dn, s.f.=til-dn, q.v. s.v. til.

708
H tiliyar, til-yar, H tamr = P tamra (prob.
tiler s m. A starling; a turtle dove, or other small corr. from A. tamasur), s.m. Jest, joke, fun,
speckled bird (=til-bar, til-war). buffoonery; raillery, ridicule:tamra mrn
(-par), To jest, joke, poke fun (at), to ridicule;
to put on airs of consequence in poverty.
H tale, adv. & postpn.=tale, q.v.
P tamra = H tamr (prob.
H tilai, s.f. The day after the corr. from A. tamasur), s.m. Jest, joke, fun,
dulhain or second day of the Hol festival. buffoonery; raillery, ridicule:tamra mrn
(-par), To jest, joke, poke fun (at), to ridicule;
H taln (see tailin), s.f. A kind of to put on airs of consequence in poverty.
beetle (found chiefly during the rainy season,
A tamd [inf. n. vi of not in use], s.f.
the wings of which are used for blistering, as a
Continuing a long time; persverance;
substitute for cantharides).
protraction; a long time, length of time,
duration, period; (in law) limitation as to time
S tulya, adj. & postpn. Equal (to, -ke), which bars a civil prosecution.
adequate (to); like, resembling, similar,
analogous (to), of the same class; even, same; A tamru [inf. n. vi of ' to fall
indifferent:tulya-bal, s.m. Of equal sick'], s.m. Feigning a disease:tamru karn,
strength:tulya-pn, s.m. Drinking together. v.n. To feign sickness.

H tilaih [S. 'spotted'+], A tamss, tams [inf. n. vi of

' to
s.m. A turtle dove. touch'], s.m. Touching one another; contact.

S tama, vulg. tam, s.m.=tamas, q.v. A tamsu [inf. n. vi of ' to change,'

&c.], Metamorphosing, transforming;
A tamma (3rd. pers. sing. perf. of ) , It is transmigration (of souls); effacing. (The word is
completed, is finished, is complete:tamma`l- not classical Arabic.)
kitb, The book isfinished.
P tamsh (for A. tamsh, inf. n. vi of
H tim (old H., correl. of jim and jimi),
'to walk'), s.m. Walking abroad for recreation;
adv.=taise. entertainment, exhibition, show, sight,
spectacle; sport, amusement, pleasure, fun, jest,
H tum [Prk. or =S.], joke; anything strange or curious:tamsh-
pers. pron., 2nd pers. pl., You:tum-p, You bn, (or, more com.) tamsh-bn, s.m. A sight-
yourself:tum-tanau (Braj)=tumhr:tum- seer; a libertine, rake; an epicure (syn.
san (Braj)=tum-se:tum-n (old H.)=tum- aubsh):tamsh-bn, tamsh-bn, s.f.
ko:tum-ni, an inflective base, in Braj, of the Luxury; libertinism, licentiousness, gallantry,
dat., acc., and abl. cases of tum;tum-ni-so = raking, whoring:tamsh dikhn (-ko), To
tum-se;tum-ni-kau = tum-ko. show (one) a sight or spectacle, &c.; (fig.) to
give (one) a trouncing:tamsh den, v.n.
To see a sight or spectacle, to see what is to be
H timm [Prk. ; S.
seen; to look on at fun or sport, &c.:tamsh
+], s.m. Heat, pungency, &c. (=tigma, karn, v.n. To see; to take a walk; to make sport
q.v.). or fun; to exhibit, play, act a part; to poke fun
(at), make fun (of), to jeer, jest:tamsh
A tamsul [inf. n. vi of ' to be like'], s.m. karne-wl, s.m. One who makes sport; a
Being like; being equal; equal part or division showman; player, actor:tamsh-kunn, adj.
(of an estate, &c.). Sight-seeing, beholding, looking at for
recreation or amusement:tamshe-k b, A
H tam = H tama (P. tabna, strange, curious, or funny thing; a pretty jest:
tapna), s.m. Slap, box, blow:tama mrn tamshe-k jagah, tamash-gh, s.f. A spectacle,
(-ko), To give (one) a slap, &c. show; a place of show, theatre, circus, &c.

H tama = H tam (P. tabna, P tamsh`, adj. & s.m.f. Fit for a show
tapna), s.m. Slap, box, blow:tama mrn or spectacle;a spectator, looker-on; libertine,
(-ko), To give (one) a slap, &c. rake; epicure.

709
H tamk, tammk, s.m. H tumb [Prk. ; S. ],
See tambk. s.m. The gourd Lagenaria vulgaris; a hollowed
gourd (in which mendicants carry water, &c.;
S taml, s.m. The tree Xanthocymus see tob, tom, tm, &c.).
pictorius (which has a very dark bark, but white
blossoms); the sectarial mark made with sandal, H tambk, s.m. See
&c., on the forehead. tambk.

S tamlak, s.m. A sort of pot- H tambl, s.m. See tambl.

herb, Marsilea dentata.
H tambn, s.m.= tambn, q.v.
S tamlik, s.f. Name of a
district in Bengal (the modern Tamluk; syn. H tambur, s.m. corr. of tambra, q.v.
tamo-lipt).
H tamb, s.m. See tamb.
S taml, s.f. Name of a medicinal
plant (used as an emollient in affections of the H tambr, s.m. See tambra.
mouth and fauces).
H tambol = H
A tamm (inf. n. of ' to be complete,' &c.], tambolin = H tambol See
adj. Complete, finished; perfect, entire, whole,
tambol, &c
full, total;s.m. The whole; conclusion, end:
tamm-tar, adv. Wholly, completely, entirely,
altogether:tamm shud, Is finished, finished, H tambolin = H
done:tamm karn, v.t. To perfect; to tambol = H tambol See
complete, finish, end, conclude, bring to a close
tambol, &c
(at, or by, -par), put an end to (a business, or
life, &c., e.g. usk km tamm kiy):tamm o
kaml, adj. & adv. Complete and perfect; whole H tambol = H
and entire;fully and completely, tambol = H tambolin See
thoroughly:tamm hon, v.n. To be tambol, &c
completed, finished, or concluded; to come to
an end, to cease; to die.
H tumb [Prk. ; S. ],
A P tamm, s.f. Perfection; completion; s.f. A long white gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris; a
conclusion, end, termination; totality, the small hollow gourd (in which medicants carry
whole; brocade, cloth of gold, tissue. water, &c.; cf. tumb); a kind of pipe or musical
instrument (made of the gourd) played on by
H tamn, s.m. corr. of tambn, q.v. snake-charmers, jugglers, &c. (=tum; tb,
tob).
H timn [tim = S. +,
caus. increment], To damp, moisten, wet. H tambiy, s.m. See tambiy.

H tumn (caus. of tmn), v.t. To S tamat, adj. Desirous, cupidinous,

cause to be carded, to have or get (cotton) longing or hankering (after).
carded or cleaned.
A tammat (3rd pers. sing. fem. of the perf.
H tam, s.m.=tam, q.v. of ;) See tamma.

H tum` [from tumn; ` = Prk. S timit, part. adj. Moistened, moist,

=S. ()++], s.f. Price
paid for carding cotton.
H tamb, s.m. corr. of tambn, q.v.
wet, damp; unmoved, unshaken; steady, fixed;
quiet, still.
A tamatto` [inf. n. v of ' to enjoy'], s.m.
Using enjoying, reaping advantage, gaining;
enjoyment, delight, pleasure.

710
 refractory, or stubborn, &c.; refractoriness,
H tamtamn [tamtam = S. stubbornness, obstinacy; disobedience,
insolence, contumacy, rebellion; (in law)
redupl.+ = w = Prk. =S. caus. contempt, resistance (to orders or proceedings).
increment], v.n. To become or grow red (in the A P tamarrud, s.f.=tamarrud.
face), to flush; to glow; to sparkle; to twinkle; H tum [S. + =
to flash.
Prk. =S. +], s.f. A hollow gourd,
H timtimn, v.n. To &c. (=tumb; tmb, tomb).
twinkle; to flicker (cf. tamtamn). S tamas (in comp. tamo), s.m.
Darkness (physical or moral), gloom; the
H tamtamha [fr. quality of darkness incident to humanity;
illusion of mind; head-strong passion, anger,
tamtamn;ha = wa = Prk.
irascibility, vindictiveness; sorrow, grief; the
+ =S. ()+], s.f. The state of gloom of hell; name of one of the hells; a name
growing red (in the face); flush, glow. of Rh or the personified ascending node:
tamo-ar, s.m. 'Night-walker,' an epithet of
H tum-tanau, pron. See s.v. tum. any rkshas:tamo-gu, s.m. The third of the
qualities incident to creation or the state of
A timsl (v.n. from ;cf. tamsl), s.f. humanity, viz., the quality of darkness or
Resemblance, likeness, picture, portrait, image, ignorance (=tamas, q.v.):tamo-gu, adj. &
effigy. s.m. Having the quality of tamas predominant
in the temperament, irascible, ignorant, proud,
A tamassul [inf. n. v of ' to be like'], s.m. &c.;one who is under the influence of tamas,
Resembling, imitating; applying or employing a mischievous or malignant person, incendiary,
an allegory, parable, fable, or proverb. villain, &c.:tamo-ghna, adj. & s.m.
Destroying darkness;the destroyer of
darkness; the sun; the moon; fire; an epithet of
A tamsl [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Likening,
comparing; assimilation; comparison, the legislator Buddh: tamo-vrit, adj.
similitude, resemblance, fac-simile, counterpart; Obscured, clouded; overcome with or
influenced by rage, fear, &c., or any of the
example, allegory, fable, apologue;tamsl
effects of the property of tamas or darkness.
ln, v.n. To adduce examples; to employ
parables, &c.; to allegorize. S tamisr, s.f. A dark night, or one
during the wane of the moon.
A tmsla (acc. of tamsl), adv. By way of H tamisr [S. +], s.m.
similitude, allegorically, as an example. The dark half of the month, from the full to the
change.
A tamslt, s.f. pl. (of tamsl), Examples, A tamasur, s.m. Jesting, joking,
allegories, &c. buffoonery.
A tamassuk [inf. n. v of ' to hold fast'],
A tamjd [inf. n. ii of ' to excel in s.m. An obligation, bond, promissory note, note
glory'], s.f. Glorifying (God), glorification (of of hand, writing, instrument, receipt.
God); the hymn or prayer that is pronounced A tamassukt, s.m. pl. (of tamassuk),
from the minarets of a mosque an hour and a Obligations, bonds, &c.
half before dawn. A P tamassuk, adj. Pertaining to a bond
A tamaddun (inf. n. v of ;but formed or note of hand.
from madna, 'a city'), s.m. Residing in a city or
town; dwelling together in large bodies (men). S tamas-vin, s.f. Night, dark
A tamr, vulg. tamar, s.m. A ripe date, a night.
date:tamr-e-hind, s.f. Tamarind. S timish, s.m. A kind of
S timir, s.m. Darkness, obscurity; pumpkin, Benincasa cerifera;a water-melon.
total blindness (from an affection of the optic P & T tamg (in T. also damg, by invers.
nerve);a sort of aquatic plant;adj. Dark, from dagm; cf. dg & S. dagdha), s.m. Stamp
gloomy:timir-nak, adj. & s.m. Dispelling (on gold, silver, &c.), seal; brand or mark (on
darkness;anything that dispels darkness, a an animal); trade-mark; device on a shield;
dispeller of darkness. arms or armorial bearings; a medal; a royal
A tamarrud [inf. n. v of ' to be very grant or charter, a diploma;a tax on travellers.
wicked, or insolent,' &c.], s.m. Being

711
(The vulg. and, originally, correct form of the discharge a pistol:tamana nikln, v.n. To
word is tagma or tagm). pull or draw out a pistol.
S tamak, s.m. Oppression (of the S timigil, s.m. See
chest), a kind of asthma. s.v. timi.
H tamak [S. or + ], s.f. A tamann, s.f. See tamann.
A tamawwuj [inf. n. v of ' to roll in
Vanity; arrogance, pride; growing red in the
billows'], s.m. Agitation (of waves), billowing
face.
or fluctuation (of water).
H tamk (i.q. tamak), s.m. Heat; sun- A tamz, s.m. The Syrian month
stroke. corresponding to July O.S.
A tamakkun [inf. n. v of ' to hold rank,' S tamo-gun, s.m. See
&c.], s.m. Having in one's power; possessing
s.v. tamas for compounds of which the first
authority or power (see tamkanat).
member is tamo.
H tamakn [tamak = A tamawwul [inf. n. v of ' to be rich'],
Prk. () or (), fr. S. + ], v.n. s.m. The being or becoming rich; riches,
wealth.
To grow red in the face, to flush (=tamtamn);
to fly into a passion, to become enraged without H tumh [Prk. ; S. ], An
adequate cause, to break out in violence at a optional base of the oblique cases of the
temperate and reason able speech. pron. tum (but not commonly used, except in
H tamkanat (prob. corr. of tamakkun) = the dat.-acc. tumh-e, the formtum being
A tamkn [inf. n. ii of ]s.f. Gravity, preferred).
dignity, majesty, grandeur, greatness, authority, H tumh-r [Prk. +gen.
power.
aff. r, q.v.], The gen. masc. of the pron. tum (f.
A tamkn [inf. n. ii of = ]
-), Of you; your, yours.
H tamkanat (prob. corr. of tamakkun) s.f.
Gravity, dignity, majesty, grandeur, greatness, H ti-muhn, ti-mahn,
authority, power. s.f.=tri-muhn, q.v.
S tumul, adj. & s.m. Tumultuous, A tamhd [inf. n. ii of ' to spread
equally'], s.f. Arranging, disposing;
noisy; excited, perplexed, confused;
arrangement, disposition, adjustment,
tumultuous sound, tumult, uproar, clang, clatter,
settlement, management; confirmation;
din; tumultuous or confused combat, mle,
preliminary, preamble, introduction, preface,
confusion:tumul vivd, s.m. Noisy dispute or
preparative; pleading an excuse:tamhd
altercation, excited controversy.
A tamalluq [inf. n. v of ' to flatter'], s.m. uhn, v.n. To take up, or to open (a subject);
Flattery, fawning, cajoling, caressing; adulation, to premise:tamhd karn (-k), To make an
blandishment, dalliance; ceremony:tamalluq arrangement or disposition (of), to dispose, &c.;
karn, v.n. To make a profession or show of to premise:tamhde badhn, v.n. To lay
love (for), to caress, cajole, flatter, &c. down premises; to frame vain suppositions
A tamlk [inf. n. ii of ' to possess'], s.f. beforehand, to make idle and shuffling
Appointing master or possessor; possessorship; excuses;tamhde bdh karn, To go on
possession:tamlk-nma, s.m. A deed of premising; to continue making vain
transfer. suppositions, &c.
P & T tuman (see toman or tuman), A tamhdt, s.f. pl. (of tamhd), s.m.
s.m. lit. 'Ten thousand'; a host, crowd, bevy, Dispositions; preparations, preliminary
troop, squadron;brotherhood, connection, measures or arrangements, &c.
caste:tuman bdhn(-k), To collect a body A tamhd, adj. Preliminary, introductory.
of troops:tuman-dr, s.m. The commander of S tam, s.f. Night, darkness.
a tuman:tuman-dr, s.f. The command of S timi, s.m. A kind of fabulous fish of
a tuman.
an enormous size (said to be one
P tamann (for A. tamann, inf. n. vi
of ' to try, to afflict,' &c.), s.f. Wish, desire, hundred yojanas long):timi-gil, s.m. lit.
longing, inclination (=rz); reqnest, prayer, 'Swallowing even the timi'; a large fabulous
supplication, petition:tamann karn (-k), fish:timi-gil-gil, s.m. 'Swallowing even
To wish (for), to desire; to pray or petition (for), the timigil'; a large fabulous fish.
&c.:tamann-kash, adj. Wishful, desirous, P & H tamz [for A. tamyz, inf. n. ii
solicitous. of ' to separate,' &c.], s.f. Discernment,
T tamana, s.m. A pistol (=tabana): judgment, discrimination, distinction,
tamana hon, tamana dgn, v.n. To fire or discretion, sense:tamz-dr, adj. Possessing
discernment, discerning, judicious, discreet,

712
sensible; well-conducted, well-mannered: tree, Cedrela toona (the wood of which bears
tamz karnd (-k?), To distinguish, to some resemblance to mahogany, and is much
discriminate (between); to discern, perceive: used for furniture, &c.);s.f. The flower of the
arf-e-tamz, 'The specification,' an adverb. Toon tree (used for dyeing a yellow colour):
A tamaiyuz [inf. n. v of ], s.m. Being tunna-vya, s.m. A tailor.
distinguished; being discerned.
P & H tan [Zend tanu; S. ], s.m. The H tann, v.n. See tann.
body, person; one's own person, self:tan-
sn, s.f. Ease of body, bodily comfort, H tanp [S. , or +Prk.
indulgence:tan-war, adj. Corpulent, stout:
tan parwar, adj. & s.m. Careful of the body, ===S. +], s.m. Youth;
self-indulgent; selfish; luxurious, voluptuous; buoyancy or elasticity of youth; pride of youth.
a self-indulgent person, &c.:tan-parwar, s.f.
A pampering of the body, self-indulgence, ease, A tandd, tand [inf. n. vi of ' to flee'], s.m.
luxury, voluptuousness:tan-tanh, tan-e- Being dispersed, flying in disorder; dispersion,
tanh, adv. Alone; singly:tan-hn (S. - flight.
kshna), adj. Wasted in body, emaciated:tan-
durust, adj. Well in health, sound in body, A tanzo` [inf. n. vi. of ' to remove, to
healthy, vigorous:tan-durust karn, v.t. To pull up,' &c.], s.m. Disputing, wrangling;
make (one) well, to restore to health, to cure: dispute, contention, strife.
tan-durust, s.f. Health, bodily vigour:tan-dih,
adj. & s.m. Applying oneself (to), attentive (to), P tanza`a (for A. tanza`at), adj.
of great application, diligent;one who has Disputed, at issue, moot;s.m.=tanzo`.
great application, &c.:tan-dih, s.f.
Application, attention, diligence; exertion, A tanzul [inf. n. vi of ' to descend'],
effort, pains:tan-dih-se, adv. Attentively, s.m. Alighting; descent; decline, fall (of price,
diligently; energetically, with exertion or effort, &c.), loss (of rank, &c.); leaping from (a horse,
with painstaking:tan-dih karn, tan den (- in order to fight), coming or rushing down into
me), To give or apply oneself (to), to pay a plain against each other (two armies).
attention (to), to exert oneself (in), to take
pains:tan-zeb, s.f. A cloth of the nainsukh A tansub [inf. n. vi of ' to mention the
kind, but finer; a kind of vest worn under the lineage' (of)], s.m. Resemblance;
qab:tan-sukh, adj. & s.m. Taking ease, proportionateness, proportion; relation.
reposing, indulging; idling; bodily ease,
&c.=tan-sn, q.v.:tan-ko lagn (-ke), To A tansubt, s.m. pl. (of tansub),
touch or affect the person (of); to come home to Proportions, relations.
one, to feel; to assimilate (food), to nourish, to
make flesh, to fatten; to be applied to the body, A tansu [inf. n. vi of ' to transform'],
be brought into use:tan-lg, adj. Personally s.m. Transformation, transmigration,
attached (to, -ke), devoted (to), zealous (for); metempsychosis.
active, energetic, painstaking:tan-man, s.m.
Body and soul, one's whole self:tan-man-se, A tansul [inf. n. vi of ' to beget, bring
adv. With body and soul, with all (one's) heart forth'], s.m. Begetting; generation;
and soul:tan-man mrn, tan-o-man mrn, uninterrupted descent through a series of
v.n. To restrain the appetites or desires; to generations:latu`t-tansul, The organ of
suppress the feelings or emotions; to keep quiet generation.
or silent; to concentrate one's attention or
faculties (on), to render oneself unconscious of A tanfur [inf. n. vi of ' to run away in
snrrounding objects, &c. fright'], s.m. Flying from one another; mutual
repugnance or aversion; disputing or
H tin [Prk. ; S. , acc. pl. neut. contending (for honour) before a judge.
of base ], The formative, or base of the A tanf [inf. n. vi of ' to prohibit, to
oblique cases, of the plural of the pron. so or deny'], s.f. Expelling; pursuing, persecuting,
taun, qq.v. seeking to ruin one another; denial (that another
has fulfilled a contract or paid a debt, &c.).
S tunna, vulg. tun, H. tun (rt. tud),
part. Goaded, tormented, hurt, vexed, injured; A tanqu [inf. n. vi of ' to break; to
cut, cut down, broken, &c.;s.m. The Toon violate'], s.m. Being discordant or incompatible;
contradiction; discrepancy; incompatibility; (in

713
law) the advancing of two incompatible claims tumb, 'a gourd'; A. tumbr or tambr, which
(to the same property). is fancifully derived from the P. dumb-i-bara, 'a
lamb's tail'], s.m. A kind of mandoline, or
A tanqul [inf. n. vi of ' to transport,' Turkish guitar, with chords of brass wire; a
&c.], s.m. A communicating together; mutual tambour; a drum.
communication.
T tambr, s.m. A drummer; one who
H tannn (see tann), v.n. 'To be plays the tabor.
stretched;' to be straight, to be erect;to twang,
sound (as the string of an instrument); to have a H tambol [Prk. ; S. ; P.
sharp pricking pain; to tingle (=tantann). tambl], s.m. The betel leaf (syn. pn):tambol
n, v.n. To bleed at the mouth (a horse,
P tan-war, adj. See s.v. tan. through injury from the bridle).

A tanwul [inf. n. vi of ' to give, H tambolin, tambolan

present'], s.m. Taking meat and drink, eating:
tanwul farmn, tanwul karn, v.t. To eat. [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. A woman of
the tambol caste; a woman whose business it is
A tanh [inf. n. vi of ' to reach, arrive'], to sell betel-leaf; the wife of a seller of betel-
s.f. Reaching to the end, arriving (at the end of leaf;name of a tree.
a journey, &c.); being brought to a termination;
finish, completion. H tambol [Prk. ; S.
+], s.m. A caste whose business it is
H tamb, s.m. corr. of tambn, q.v.
to sell betel-leaf; a member of that caste; a
seller of betel-leaf.
H tambk [Americ. Indian
tabaco], s.m. Tobacco (in P. also tambk; A. & A tanabboh [inf. n. v. of ' to recollect,'
T. tumbk:Some derive the Hind word from &c.], s.m. f. (?), Advice, admonition;
the S. tmra-kuaka, 'tobacco`?):tambk animadversion, &c. (see tambh);bashfulness,
pn, v.n. To smoke tobacco, to have a smoke. modesty.

H tambl [Prk. =S. H tambiy [Prk. ; S.

++], s.m. A copper or brass pot or +], s.m. A copper or brass pot or bowl
bowl; cooking-pot; pot, pipkin (syn. tambiy; (syn. tambl; ba-loh (dialectic forms of the
ba-loh). word are tamhe, tabhe, tabe).

P & T tumbn, vulg. tambn, s.m. Wide H tambiyn [fr. S. ; H.

drawers (almost like petticoats); drawers, short
tb], v.n. To become coppery; to become
breeches.
covered with verdigris; to acquire or have a
coppery taste (food).
H tamb [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
A tent (particularly a large one); pavilion; A tambh [inf. n. ii of ' to recollect,' &c.],
canopy;an eel, a lamprey:tamb tann, v.n. s.f. Admonition, reproof, censure, reprimand;
To pitch a tent. correction, punishment:tambh den, tambh
karn, v.t. To admonish; to reprimand, &c.
P & H tambr, = H
tambr, [S. ++; whence H. tb or H tant [S. or ], adj. & adv.
tumb, 'a gourd'; A. tumbr or tambr, which Precise, exact; opportune;precisely, exactly,
is fancifully derived from the P. dumb-i-bara, 'a just; opportunely;s.m. Precise or exact
lamb's tail'], s.m. A kind of mandoline, or moment, opportune moment, nick of time (=tat
Turkish guitar, with chords of brass wire; a samay), critical moment; need, occasion.
tambour; a drum.
H tant [S. or ], s.f.
H tambr, = P & H Thread, string, wire, chord of a musical
instrument (=tt, of which it may be a
tambr, [S. ++; whence H. tb or

714
contraction):tant-kr, s.m. A musician
(=tantr).
H tant [S. ], s.m. Chief or
essential part, essence, main point (=tattwa);
principal doctrine; model, typical form.
H tantl, adj.=tanl, q.v. tantu-k, s.m. The silk-worm.
S tantra, vulg. tantr, tantar, s.m.
Leading or principal action of a ceremony, the
regular order of ceremonies or rites, ritual; chief
or essential part, main point; principal doctrine,
rule, theory; a scientific work; a religious
treatise teaching magical and mystic
formularies for the worship of the deities or the
attainment of superhuman power; a
medicament, a drug, a chief remedy or charm
considered as producing medicinal effects;
charm, spell, incantation, enchantment;
demonstration, clear and right conclusion; the
right way of doing anything;raiment, vesture.
H tuntun, s.f. A musical
instrument (stringed), a rude kind of guitar or
inandoline.
S tantu, s.m. Thread, cord, wire,
string, line; warp of a web; cobweb; filament; a
line of descendants; offspring, issue, race:
S tanti, s.m. A weaver.
H tan, s.m. See an.
S tin, s.f. The plant Convolvulus
turpethum (syn. turbud; te`o).
A tanjm [inf. n. ii of ' to appear or rise'
(a star)], s.f. Prognosticating or calculating (an
event) by the aspect of the stars; science of the
stars, astrology.

S tantr, s.m. A musician;one H tah [S. + +],

who follows a tantra; a practiser of
enchantments.
H tinti (S. tinti), s.f. The
tamarind tree.
adj.=tang, q.v.
A tananu [inf. n. ii of ' to remove,'
&c.], s.m. Clearing the throat, hemming,
hawking.

P tanh, tanh, s.f. Wages, pay,

H tantan (see next), s.m. Sound,
salary, allowance, an assignment (on the
noise, cry, shout, din, uproar; rumour, fame; revenue), an order for wages, &c.:tanh
pomp, dignity, state. ban, v.n. Pay to be distributed:tanh-
dr, s.m. One who receives pay or salary; a
H tantann [tantan = S. holder of an order for wages, &c.:tanh-
'to resound,' redupl.+ = w = Prk. =S. dr, s.f. Receiving pay or a salary; service:
tanh den (-ko), To pay salary or wages
], v.n. To sound, ring, to twang; to tingle. (to):tanh-e-t, s.f. Special or personal
allowance.
H tuntunn (onomat.
or=tantann), v.n. To sound, resound ring; to H tind, s.m.= tindu, q.v.
clink, tinkle.
S tund, s.m. A protuberant belly; the
H tantanha [fr. tantann; belly, abdomen;s.f. The navel:tund-
ha = wa = Prk. + =S. parimarj, tund-parimrij, s.m. One who is in the
habit of stroking his belly; (met.) a lazy man, a
()+], s.f. Tingling, smart; sharp
sluggard:tund-kp, s.m.=tund-kp, s.f. The
pricking pain (arising from a burn or from navel.
inflammation).
P tund (S. , or ? ), adj. Quick, swift,
H tuntunha, s.f. Ringing
rapid, fast, fleet; brisk, active; hot, sharp, acrid;
sound, sound, ring, tinkling, tinkle, clink. hot-spirited, impetuous, hasty; severe, stern,
acrimonious; fierce, furious, violent:tund-
P tantana, s.m.=tantan, q.v. o, adj. Hot-tempered, passionate, irascible,
violent-tempered, furious; fretful, peevish:
tund-o`, s.f. Violence of temper, aptitude to

715
unreasonable and excessive anger, S taul, s.m. Grain (especially
passionateness, irascibility; fretfulness,
rice) after threshing and winnowing.
peevishness:tund-raftr, adj. Fast-going,
swift, fleet:tund-zabn, adj. Speaking rapidly;
fluent, eloquent:tund-mizj, adj. Hot- S
tanulu, s.m.f. A plant the seeds
tempered, &c.=tund-o, q.v.:tund-hon, v.n. of which are used as a vermifuge.
To become angry, be very displeased.
H tael, s.m. See ael.
S tundibha, adj.=tundil, q.v.
A tanazzul [inf. n. v of ' to alight'], s.m.
P tundar, tundur (S. ), s.m. (?), Descent, decline, diminution, wane, decay,
falling off; degradation:tanazzul karn (-se),
Thunder;the nightingale. To descend (from); to decline, &c.:tanazzul
hon, v.n. To fall off, decline; to be degraded,
S tandr, s.f. Lassitude, weariness, &c.
exhaustion, syncope; sleepiness, sluggishness.
A tanazzoh [inf. n. v of ' to restrain
S tandrlu, adj. Tired, wearied, oneself'], s.m. Being pure, keeping oneself free
from vice or stain; studying continence; being
overcome with fatigue or sleep, sleepy,
modest or chaste.
sluggish.
P tan-zeb, s.f. See s.v. tan.
P tan-durust, adj. See s.v. tan.
A tanzl [inf. n. ii of ' to descend'], s.f.
S tandr, s.f.=tandr, q.v. Causing (a traveller, &c.) to alight, receiving
(one) hospitably; revelation; the Qor`n.
S tundika, vulg. tundik,
adj.=tundil, q.v. A tanzh [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Keeping apart
from all impurity; purifying, cleansing; purity,
holiness.
S
tinduk, s.f. The resinous fruit
of the ebony tree called tindu. P tanziya [for A. tanziyat, inf. n. ii of
' to overpower'], s.m. Inspiring with desire;
S tundil, adj. Having a large or desire; propensity.
prominent belly or navel; gorbellied, corpulent.
A tanassul [inf. n. v of ' to bring forth'],
A tanaddum [inf. n. v of ' to repent'], s.m. s.m. Pedigree, genealogy. (The form is not met
Repentance, penitence; shame, bashfulness, with in classical Arabic).
modesty.
A tans [inf. n. ii of ' to cancel,' &c.],
s.f. Causing to annul or abrogate; cancelling;
S tindu, s.m. A species of ebony,
abrogation, quashing (an indictment or a
Diospyros glutinosa (from the fruit of which is decision).
obtained a kind of resin used in India as pitch
for caulking vessels, &c.).
S tini, s.m. The tree Dalbergia
H tandr, s.m. corr. of tannr, q.v. ougeinensis.

H tund [S. ], adj. A tanaur [inf. n. v of ;derived from

narn, 'a Christian'], s.m. Becoming a
Gorbellied, &c.=tundil;s.m. A gorbellied or Christian (or Nazarene).
corpulent person.
A tanf [inf. n. ii of ' to reach to the
P tund (from tund), s.f. Swiftness;
middle' (of)], s.f. Dividing in the middle, or into
briskness, activity; sharpness, severity,
two equal parts; bisecting; bisection:tanf
acrimony; impetuosity, violence, fierceness,
karn (-k), To bisect, &c.
fury.
A tanzr [inf. n. ii of ' to look' (at)], s.f.
H ta, s.m. (local)=n, q.v. Beholding, contemplating;likening,
resembling.

716
 Fretfulness, peevishness, captiousness,
A tanzm [inf. n. ii of ' to join, string,' irritability.
&c.], Composing (verses); stringing or
threading (pearls, &c.); ordering, arranging. H tinnak (see next), s.f. A blade of
grass; a slight or frail thing or creature, a little
A tana"um [inf. n. v of ' to be in a state of or wee thing.
ease,' &c.], s.m. Enjoying in abundance the
conveniences and comforts of life; enjoyment,
ease, happiness; prosperity. H tink [S. ], s.m. Grass,
straw; a blade of grass; a bit of the stalk of
A tan`m [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Bestowing grass; a bit or scrap (of thread, paper, &c.); a
abundance, putting (one) in a state of comfort mote, particle:tink dto-me (or muh-
or ease;saying na`am, 'Yes' (in confirmation me) len, v.n. To make submission; to confess
of an assertion, a debt, &c.), acknowledgement inferiority; to ask for quarter:tink na rahn,
(of). v.n. To have not a scrap remaining, to be
cleaned out (of money, &c.), to be robbed of
A tanaffur [inf. n. v of ' to run away in everything:tinke unn, v.n. 'To pick straws';
fright'], s.m. Avoiding, shunning; aversion, to be intoxicated, or insane, or mad, &c.
disgust.
P tankr, s.m. incorr. for tangr, q.v.
A tanaffus [inf. n. v of ;from nafas
'breath'], s.m. Breathing, respiration; heaving a H tinakn [tinak = S. , rt.
deep sigh.
A tanq [inf. n. ii of ' to extract' + ], v.n. To prick, to throb, palpitate,
(marrow), &c.], s.f. Cleaning, polishing; flutter; to break into a passion, to flare up (at, -
clearing (the bowels), purging;deciding par).
(disputes), investigation, examination, sifting,
search, inquiry, ascertaining:tanq-talab, H tinnakh, s.f.=tinnak, q.v.
adj. Demanding inquiry or investigation; to be
decided or determined; for decision:tanq H tinakhn, v.n.=tinakn, q.v.
karn (-k), To decide, determine; to ascertain;
to sift, go to the bottom (of).
H tunk [S. +], s.f. A thin
P tanquiya [for A. tanqiyat, inf. n. ii of crisp cake (made of flour, water, and usually a
' to extract marrow' (from)], s.m. Cleaning; little sugar).
clearing out (the bowels), purging; winnowing
(grain);deciding (cases); decision (cf. tanq). P tang [Pehl. tang; Zend tangista, rt. ta =
S. ], adj. Contracted, straitened, confined,
H tanuk, tanak, or tanik strait, narrow, tight; wanting, scarce, scanty,
[Prk. ; S. ], adj. & adv. Little, stinted, barren; distressed, poor, badly off;
small, slight, thin; very little, the least;a little, distracted, troubled, vexed; dejected, sad, sick
slightly; a little while:tanak-s, adv.=tanak. (at heart);s.m. A horse-belt, girth;a bag,
sack; half a horse's, bullock's, or camel's
P tunak, tunuk (S. tanuka), adj. Little, small; load;a bell:tang-n, or ba-tang n (-se),
thin, slight, slender; weak, delicate; To be distressed or incommoded (by), to be in
effeminate;s.m. A thin cake or fritter distress or difficulty; to be troubled, or vexed,
or harassed (by); to be utterly weary or sick
(=tunk):tunuk-aws, adj. Sensible;
(of), to have one's patience exhausted (by); to
sensitive:tunuk-aws, s.f. Sensibility,
be dejected or sad:tang-posh, adj. Wearing
sensitiveness:tunuk-abr, adj. Having little tight clothes, tightly dressed:tang-posh, s.f.
patience, impatient:tunuk-abr, s.f. Want of Tightness of dress:tang ashm, adj.
patience, impatience:tunuk-zarf, adj. & s.m. Insatiable, covetous; miserly, niggard:tang-
lit. 'A weak vessel'; shallow; empty; simple; l, adj. Straitened in circumstances, poor,
unable to keep a secret; unable to drink much, distressed, destitute, in great straits:tang-l,
easily upset by drink;a simpleton; a tale- s.f. Narrow circumstances, straits, distress,
bearer, tattler:tunuk-mya, adj. Slight or
poverty, adversity:tang-auila, adj. 'Of
weak in substance; poor of resources:tunuk-
narrow stomach or capacity'; unable to keep a
mizj, adj. Whimsical; fretful, peevish,
secret (=tunuk-zarf):tang-darz, s.f. Close
captious, touchy, irritable:tunuk-mizj, s.f.
stitching:tang-dast, adj. Poor, penniless;

717
close-fisted, miserly, niggard:tang-dast, s.f.
Poverty, penury, want; inability (to do any
thing), helplessness;parsimony,
niggardliness:tang-dil, adj. & s.m. Narrow-
hearted, illiberal, miserly, niggard (=tang-
ashm); sick at heart, dejected, sad, sorrowful
(=dil-tang);a miser, a niggard:tang-dil, s.f.
Niggardliness, stinginess, parsimony;heart-
ache, grief, sorrow, dejection (=dil-tang):
tang-dahan, adj. Small-mouthed, an epithet of a
sweetheart:tang karn, v.t. To contract,
straiten, narrow, tighten; to distress, vex, worry,
harass; to put pressure upon, to compel, to
oppress:tang kasn, tang khain, v.n. To
tighten the girth (of a saddle):tang len (-k),
To contract, take in, tighten (a knot, buckle,
&c.):tang-n, s.m. tang-n`e, s.f. A narrow
place or passage, a strait; a defile:tang-waqt,
s.m. Moment of difficulty, critical moment,
emergency; hard times:tang hth hon, v.n.
To be in straits, be badly off, be penniless:
tang hon, or ba tang hon, v.n.=tang n, q.v.
S tung, adj. & s.m. High, elevated, s.m. Name of a tribe of Rjpts (=tuwar).
lofty, tall, erect, prominent; strong; hot,
passionate;elevation, height, altitude,
culmination; top, highest point, vertex, peak;
the tree Rottleria tinctoria:tung-bhadra, s.m.
A restive elephant, an elephant in rut:tung-
bhadr, s.f. Name of a river in the Mysore
territory (formed by the junction of the Tung
and Bhadra rivers).
P tung, s.m. A vessel with a long and
narrow neck; a body of troops.
S tan-mtra (tat+mtra), adj. &
s.m. That alone, that merely, that itself.
H tann (fr. the trans. tnn, q.v.),
v.n. To stretch, be pulled tight; to be spun out;
to spread; to be pitched (a tent); to sit upright or
erect; to move or act in a pompous or conceited
manner, to make a display;v.t. To pull tight,
&c.=tnn, q.v.
S tanu, tan, adj. Thin, slender,
delicate, &c. (=tanuk);s.f. The body, &c.
(=tan, q.v.):tanu-ja, tanuj, s.m. (f. -),
Offspring, child, son:tanu-kp, s.m. A pore
of the skin:tanv-inriya, adj. Having slender
limbs, delicately formed, delicate, slim.
H tawl [S. ++], s.m.
Darkness before the eyes, fainting, a swoon.
H tawar [S. ; but cf. ],
P & A tanr, tannr [Pehl. tanr; Zend
tanra: prob a Semitic word, connected with
nr], s.m. An oven; a stove.
P tan-mand, tano-mand [Zend tanumat;
S. + ], adj. Robust, corpulent.
S tanv-indriya, adv. See s.v.
tanu.

H tang, s.m. A denomination of S tanwin = S tanw

money, equal to two paiss (see ak). s.f. A delicate or slender woman;tanw, s.f.
Name of a plant;(in Pros.) a kind of stanza of
P tang-`, s.f.=tang, q.v. four lines with twenty-four syllables in each.

P tang-n`e, s.f. See s.v. tang. S tanw = S tanwin

s.f. A delicate or slender woman;tanw, s.f.
P tang (from tang), s.f. Straitness, Name of a plant;(in Pros.) a kind of stanza of
narrowness, tightness, closeness; scantiness, four lines with twenty-four syllables in each.
scarcity, distress, difficulty, want, poverty;
stinginess, parsimony;a bag, sack:tang A tanwr [inf. n. ii of ' to shine'], s.f.
karn, v. To practise parsimony, to be Illuminating, enlightening; illumination.
parsimonious, to act the miser.
A tanwn [inf. n. ii of not in use;
S tug, adj. High, lofty;s.f. A kind formed from nn, 'the letter '], s.f. Nunation,
of basil, Ocymum gratissimum. doubling the short vowels at the end of (Arabic)
words in writing, and pronouncing them with
H tangiyn (from tang), v.t. To tighten the addition of the sound (e.g. alfata;
(the girths of a horse, &c.). tamna: see Grammar).

H tangiyn (corr. of tagiyn, q.v.), v.t. P tana (S. rt. tan), s.m. Stalk, stock, trunk,
To make (a horse) gallop. stem;a spider's web.

718
P tanh (S. tanu), adj. & adv. Solitary, in that case; at any rate, at least; at that time;
lonely; single; singular, unique; private; alone; moreover; that; also; for;yes, well!(as a
only; apart, privately. particle of asseveration or emphasis, to = )
indeed, actually, in point of fact; forsooth; just
P tanh`, s.f. Loneliness, solitude; (cf. the S. adv. tu):tau-bh (S. tad+api), conj.
privacy. Even then, even so, yet, still, nevertheless,
notwithstanding:to sah, adv. Forsooth; just
S tanay, s.m. A son; a male (more emphatic than simple to):tau-lag, tau-
descendant. lo, adv. (prov.)=tab-lag, tab-tak, q.v.:tau-h,
tau-h, adv. (Braj)=tab-h, and tau-bh, qq.v.
H tan (from tann), s.f. The string or
H taw, vulg. taww [S. ; cf.
fasteniry of a garment (as of an angarkh, &c.).
tw, & the P. tba], s.m. An iron plate or pan
on which break-cakes are baked, a griddle; a
H tan, s.f.=tanay, q.v. frying-pan; the small plate or shard in a ilam
on which the tobacco is placed; a shard placed
H tinn [S. +], s.f. A kind of over the tobacco in the ilam; a leaden pan let
rice. down into a well to cool the water, or to check
excessive flow;bottom, or bed (of a river,
&c.); layer, stratum; an iron mirror:tawe-par
S tanay, s.f. A daughter; a female
k bd, s.f. lit. 'A drop of water from off a
descendant baking-pan'; anything trifling or insignificant, a
mere trifle; a transient or fleeting thing:tawe-
H taniy [tan+iy = S. ], s.m. A k hasn, s.m. The falling of sparks from a
kind of covering for the wrist; a narrow strip of taw (regarded as a good omen):ul taw,
cloth for the loins, &c. adj. lit. 'An inverted taw'; coal-black, jet-black.

S tan-nr (tat+nr), s.m. See s.v. tat. A tawbe`, s.m. pl. (of tbe`, q.v.),
Followers, dependants; &c.
A tinnn, s.m. A large serpent; a dragon; a
A tawtur [inf. n. vi of ' to separate,'
great sea-monster, the great sea-serpent:at-
&c.], s.m. Following in succession; succession,
tinnn, s.m. The constellation of the Dragon.
continuation.
S tava, vulg. tav, pron. adj. Thy, thine
(=ter: com. in H. poetry). A tawjud [inf. n. vi of ' to be
transported'], s.m. Mutual ecstasy, rapture.
H t [Ap. Prk. or , fr. Prk. base
(S.)+gen. aff. , &c.], pers. pron. Thou H tu`ar, tuwar [S. ], s.f. A
(used to imply depreciation or contempt; or by kind of pulse, Cajanus indicus, or Cytisus cajan
way of familiarity, or endearment; or, in (syn. arhar).
addressing the Deity, to imply extreme
reverence):t-taq karn, t-t karn, t- H ti-wr [S. + ], s.m. A
karn, v.t. To thou and thee, to address rudely hall or building with three doors (=ti-bra,
or disrespectfully; to wrangle, quarrel; to tidar).
abuse:t-t mai-mai, s.f. 'Thou thou, I I';
altercation, wrangling, squabbling; abusing: H tiwr`in, s.f. The wife of a
t-t mai-main karn, v.t. To wrangle, tiwr, q.v.
squabble; to abuse:t-h, pron. (emphat.)
Thou thyself, even thou. A tawrud [inf. n. vi of ' to enter'], s.m.
Unintentionally inserting the sense of another's
H to [Prk. , gen. sing. base or ; verses in one's own poems;corresponding (by
see t], The formative, or base (in Braj. &c.) of letter).
the dat., acc., and abl. cases of the pron. t (e.g.
to-hi = tujh-ko);thy, thine (=ter). H ti-wr [S. +( )+],
s.m. A class of Brahmans who are entitled to
H to, tau [Prk. ; S. ], conj. read three Vedas; a member of that class.
(correl. to agar, jo, jab) & adv. Therefore, then,

719
A tawrkh, s.f. pl. (of tr), Dates;
chronicles, histories, annals.
H tiw, s.m.=tiwr, q.v.
H ti-ws, adj.=tibs, q.v.
H taw`, s.f. corr. of tabh, q.v.
H taubh, s.f. corr. of tauba, q.v.
H tobr = P tobra s.m.=next,
q.v.

P tiws, s.f. A kind of embroidered carpet P tobra = H tobr s.m.=next,

or rug. q.v.

A tawo` [inf. n. vi of ' to place, lay H tob = H toba [S.

down'], s.f. Humility; attention, civility,
courtesy; hospitality, reception, entertainment; inverted+ = Prk. =S. +; cf. H.
gift, present; pretended kindness, empty thob, thop; thoth], s.m. The bag out of
compliments:tawo`-e-samarqand, s.f. which horses eat their corn, a horse's nose-bag.
False politeness; empty compliments:tawo
karn (-k), To treat with civility or courtesy, to H toba = H tob [S.
receive with politeness; to entertain; to offer (a inverted+ = Prk. =S. +; cf. H.
thing) as a present, to make a present (to).
thob, thop; thoth], s.m. The bag out of
A tawfuq [inf. n. vi of ' to find (a which horses eat their corn, a horse's nose-bag.
thing) convenient,' &c.], s.m. Concord,
harmony, agreement, concurrence, coincidence; A tauba, vulg. toba, s.f. Vowing to sin no
(in Arith.) the relation between two numbers more; repenting; penitence, repentance;
which have a common measure, conversion; abjuring, renouncing;
commensurability. recantation;tauba, or tauba-tauba, intj. Fie!,
faugh!, horrible!, good gracious!, never again!,
Heaven forfend!:tauba-tauba-karke, adv. In
H tawl, s.m.=tawl, q.v.
all penitence; appealing to God, before God (I
declare, &c.):tauba ton, v.n. To violate a
A tawlud [inf. n. vi of ' to bear vow:tauba-dh, s.f. The sound of cries under
children'], s.m. Begetting, being born
punishment;tauba-dh karn, v.n. To shriek
generation after generation; propagation,
or yell under punishment:tauba karn, v.t.
generating again and again.
To make (one) repent; to entreat or induce (one)
to repent:tauba karn (-se), To vow to sin no
A tawl [inf. n. vi of ' to be near or
more; to repent (of evil, sin, crime, &c.); to
contiguous'], s.f. Following in succession;
recant; to abjure, renounce, forswear.
continuation, succession.
A taub [inf. n. ii of not in use], s.f.
A taw`am, tau`am, s.m. A twin (=jol).
Threatening, speaking harshly to; reproof,
rebuke, reproach.
A taw`amn, tau`amn, s.m. dual (of
tau`am), Twins (syn. jole). P & H top [T. tob, top, orig. 'a round
mass'=S. stpa], s.f. A gun, cannon, field-piece;
P tuwn, vulg. tawn [Pehl. tubn; Zend, rt. mortar, howitzer;(fig.) a fat or corpulent
tu; S. tu], s.m. Power, ability, strength:tawn- person:top-andz, s.m. A gunner, a
gar, adj. Powerful; rich, opulent:tawn-gar, cannoneer:top-par rakhn, v.t. To blow away
s.f. Power; opulence, riches, wealth.
from a gun (=top-se un):top-aln, top
hon (-par), To cannonade:top-na, s.m.
P tuwn, vulg. tawn, adj. Powerful, able,
Artillery; the artillery (in an army); a battery, a
strong, robust; plump, fat.
park of artillery; the place where cannon and
artillery stores are kept, an arsenal:top-
P tuwn`, vulg. tawn`, s.f. Power,
na-e-dast, s.m. Fire-arms, muskets, rifles
ability, strength, &c.
(as opposed to cannon):top dgn (-par) = top
P tawngar, adj. See s.v. tawn. aln, q.v.:top hln, v.n. To cast
cannon:top-se un, v.t. To blow away from
a gun; to condemn to be shot:top lagn, top
H tuww, s.m. Name of a bird.
mrn, v.n.=top aln, q.v.

720
H top [S. ], s.m. Heap, pile; stuttering, stammering;lisper; stutterer,
stammerer.
cluster; a Buddhist monument, a tumulus
erected over a sacred spot (as the top of
Manikila in the Panjb); a cluster of trees, a H totln, v.n. To speak
grove, plantation, garden. indistinctly, &c.=tutln, q.v.

H topn, (caus. of topn), H ttan [S. ?], s.m. Fragments,

v.t.=tupn, q.v. chips, clippings, filings.

T top-, s.m. A conductor of artillery; a H totn [fr. S. ], v.t. To weave

commissary of ordnance; a bombardier; a
tape or ribbon.
cannonier.
H t-t (Onomat.), s.f. The cry of the
H top, s.m. A fly;a kind of
ko`il or cuckoo;t-t, to-to, The sound of
pigeon.
calling a dog.
P tpak, topak, s.f.=tupak, q.v.
H toto, s.f. Prattling; prattler; (hence)
H topn [fr. S. ], v.t. To cover the tongue (cf. tot and totl).
with a top or mound, to bury; to cover; to
P & H tota, s.m.=tot, q.v.
conceal.
P tt, s.f. A small singing bird, Loxia
A tt (the P. td or t, S. tda, rosea.
Arabicized), s.m. A mulberry, Morus indica.
H tot (P. tt; see tot), s.f. A parrot;
H tt [S. ], s.m. Sulphate of parroquet.
copper (=ttiy, q.v.).
H tta`, s.f. See tuta`.
H tot [P. tota; S. +; cf. totl
and toto], s.m. A parrot;pet, darling (a term H ttiy [S. +;A. also
of endearment applied to children):tot-
ttiya], s.m. Blue vitriol, sulphate of copper,
ashm, adj. lit. 'Parrot-eyed'; faithless, false,
tutty.
treacherous:tot-s boln, v.n. To talk like a
parrot, to prattle or talk sweetly:tote u-jn
(-ke, or hatho-ke), To lose one's power of H to, s.m. prop. o, q.v.
prating, to be struck dumb, to be confounded:
tote-k-s akhe phern, v.n. To turn away H toak [S. also toaka, prob. a
one's faithless eyes (to another), to withdraw Prkrit form of troaka], s.m. A particular metre
the affections (from), to become indifferent (to). (each line of the stanza containing twelve
syllables):toak-sawaiy (S. toaka+sa-
H tot [S. +], s.m. The pdika), s.m. A verse of four lines, each
hammer or cock of a matchlock. containing twenty-five syllables, with a pause at
H totar, totari, adj. Lisping, the fourth foot.
&c.=totl, q.v.:totar-baan, s.m. Lisping.
A tawajjoh [inf. n. v of ' to turn the face
(to)'], s.f. Directing the steps (towards), turning
H totrn, v.n.=totln; tutln, (towards or to); countenancing, regarding,
q.v. attendiug (to); inclination; regard; attention,
consideration, countenance, favour, kindness,
S ttak, s.m. Blue vitriol (=ttiy, obligingness.
q.v.).
A tawajjoht, s.f. pl. (of tawajjoh),
H totl [S. +Prk. Attentions, favours, kindnesses, &c.
=S.+], adj. & s.m. (f. -),
Articulating imperfectly (as a child), lisping;

721
A taujh [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Calling one's
attention (to); explaining, accounting for;
illustrating; illustration; argument; adjustment
of accounts; assessment; a statement, a
description-roll:taujh-navs, s.m. A keeper of
description-rolls.
S tva, s.f. Skin, hide; bark rind,
peel;s.m. (S. tvaam), Cinnamon.
S tva, s.f. Skin, &c. (=tva); cassia
bark.
A tawaush [inf. n. v of ' to fly in
terror']. s.m. Being desolate, being deserted (a
city, &c.); feeling desolate or scared; flying
(from), aversion, horror.
A taud [inf. n. ii of ' to be single or
alone'], s.f. Declaring (God) to be one alone;
believing in the unity of God; unity;
unitarianism.
S tvad (base tva), pron. adj. Thy (used
in comp.):tvad-anghri, Thy feet.
P tda-jt, s.m. pl. of tda, q.v.
H tor = H tor [Prk. +gen.
aff. r; see to and tu], pron. adj. (dialec.), Thy,
thine(=ter).
H tor = H tor [Prk. +gen.
aff. r; see to and tu], pron. adj. (dialec.), Thy,
thine(=ter).
H tor, s.m.= tora, q.v.
S tvar, s.f. Haste, hurry, speed:
tvar-vant adj. Quick, swift, expeditious.
A taurt, s.f.=tauret, q.v.
P trn [Pehl. turn; Zend tra, fr. taurv =
S. ; cf. ], prop. n. The name of the
country to the north-east of Persia, generally
called Transoxiana, Tartary, Turcomania,
Turkestan.
P trn, adj. & s.m. Of or belonging to
Turn;native of Turn, a Tartar.
S tvarit, adj. & adv. Hastening,
quick, swift, expeditious; quickly, swiftly,
&c.;s.m. Haste, quickness, despatch.

P todr, s.f. The seed of mallows. S ta-varg, s.m. See s.v. ta.

P tda, toda (S. ), s.m. Heap, mound; S tra, vulg. tr, adj. & adv.
stack; a mud pillar, boundary pillar, land-mark Quick, swift, expeditious;quickly, swiftly,
(syn. hol); a mark or butt (to shoot at): &c.
tda-band, s.f. Laying down boundary marks,
marking a boundary:toda-e-tfn, s.m.f. 'A S tora, s.m. An arch, gateway; the
mass of calumny,' a great calumniator.
ornamented arch of a door or gateway; the
A taud` [inf. n. ii of ' to bid adieu'], s.f. decorations of a gateway; strings of flowers
Bidding adieu (to), taking leave (of); suspended across gateways on festive occasions
dismissing. (syn. bandanwr).

H tora (prob. an Aryan word in a Semitic

S tvadya, pron. Thine; your,
yours.
H tawar, tuwar, s.m.=tawar,
and tomar, qq.v.
H tr, s.m.=tl, q.v.
H tuwar, tor [S. ], s.f. A
kind of pulse=t`ar, q.v.
H tor (prop. tor, q.v.), s.f. A net thrown Custom,
over a woman's plk.
form), s.m. A tray or dish of various meats; a
number of trays containing various dishes of
food (presented by the rich on marriage and
other occasions);a nobleman; a minister;
pride, haughtiness, conceit, airs (cf. to):
tora-band, s.f. The arrangement or the sending
out of trays of food as presents:tora-posh,
s.m. A covering for dishes:tora lagn or lag-
jn (-ko), To become proud, couceited, or
vain, &c.
T tora (prob. corr. from A. taurt), s.m.
law, rule, authority, order, institute,
regulation, enactment (e.g. shar` tore-k zan
hai).

722

H torh, s.m.=turh, q.v.
H tiwr, ti`or, s.f. The brow, &c.
(=tewr or te`or; used chiefly by women):
tiwr pn, v.n. To frown, scowl:tiwr p-
hu`, adj. Frowning, scowling; ill-tempered.
S tuvar, s.f. A kind of lentil,
Cajanus indicus (=t`ar, q.v.).
H tr, s.f.=tl, q.v.
H tor, tora`, s.f.=tura`, q.v.
H tor, s.f. & postpn.=to, q.v.
P tauret (for A. taut), s.f. The
Pentateuch; the Old Testament.
from S. tola+ka); a gold or silver chain for the
neck, a collarette (usually consisting of four or
five separate chains); a similar ornament for the
ankles (usually corsisting of three chains);
name of a rg or musical mode:to-mao,
s.f. Wrenching and twisting: pinching and
squeezing:toe-dr, s.m., toe-dr bandk, s.f.
A matchlock; a gun of great range or damaging
power.
H ton (caus. of ton),
v.t.=tun, tup wn, q.v.
H to, s.m. A dried pod of to
(q.v.) kept for seed.
H toal [toa+l = Prk. =S. or
], s.m. A large thick ring of gold or silver,
&c. worn on the wrist or ankle.
H ton [caus. of n;to =

H to [Prk. , S. ; see ton], Prk. () or ()=S. (), caus. of

s.m. Breaking; break, interruption; fracture, rt. y], v.t. To break, tear, rend, burst, split,
rupture; breach, rent, fissure; breaking or crack; to interrupt, cut off, stop, discontinue,
injuring power (of a gun, &c.); force or velocity abolish, to exhaust; to sever, sunder (a tie, or
(of a current, &c.); method of warding off or friendship, &c.); to destroy, demolish; to ruin (a
meeting (a blow, &c.), guard, defence; efficacy, person); to violate (a vow), infringe (a canon);
effect, virtue (of a medicine, &c.); effective or to break into (a house), force or break open (a
telling rejoinder, answer, refutation; turning lock); to break up (ground), to plough; to pluck
point, height, climax (of heat, cold, disease, or gather (fruit, &c.); to stretch, strain, exercise
&c.); irrigation of fields by flooding (i.e. by (the body, as by gymnastics); to take, capture,
breaking down a dam, or the ridges of water- conquer (a stronghold); to demolish (an
courses); whey;a net thrown over a child's argument), to refute, confute; to change
cradle, or a woman's plk:to-pho, to-t, (money); to reduce (in Arith.):ton-jon,
s.m. Breaking and smashing; breaking to v.t. 'To break and join'; to take to pieces and
pieces; fracture, rupture; breach; injury, reconstruct; to make and mar:to-den, v.t.
damage, destruction, ravage, havoc; intens. of &=ton:to-ln (intens. of
effectiveness; plain-speaking; winning over, ton), v.t. To break to pieces, to break and
allurement, enticement:to-jo (and jo-to), destroy, to pull down, to demolish, &c.:to-
s.m. Breaking and joining; breaking (with one) len, v.t. To gather or pluck (fruit, &c.); to draw
and taking up (with another); taking to pieces off or away, to sunder, to bring over, gain or
and reconstructing (a machine); arrangement win over:ton-maon, v.t. To wrench and
(of words in composition), construction (of a twist; to pinch and squeeze:dam ton, To be
sentence), combination, cutting out and putting at the point of death:ro ton, To eat the
together (a garment); contriving, managing, bread of idleness.
effecting through shifts and expedients;
deliberation, planning; plans, contrivances,
schemes, devices, expedients, shifts:to karn H town (doub. caus. of
(-me), To make a breach (in, as a ball):to- ton), v.t.=tuwn, q.v.
kasr, s.m. Fractions (in Arith.).
H tow`, s.f. tuw`, q.v.
H to [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
Break, interruption, exhaustion, deficiency, H toa, s.m.=to, q.v.
scarcity, want; a piece of rope or cord; a
plough-share; the match of a gun, a linstock; a H to (prov.), postpn. To, up to, till
bank, bar, an island (syn. ar); a purse, a bag of (=tak).
one thousand rupees (in this sense prob. derived

723
H to = H toiy [Prk.
; S. ], s.f. The mustard plant; pouch; a cartridge or cartouche box.
mustard-seed: rape-seed;name of a rgin or
musical mode.
H toiy = H to [Prk. na, s.m. A place where furniture is kept, &c.
; S. ], s.f. The mustard plant;
mustard-seed: rape-seed;name of a rgin or
musical mode.
P toz, tz (S. ), s.f. The thin bark of a
species of birch (used to wrap round bows,
saddles, &c., and, in Kashmr, for writing upon
in lieu of paper).
P toz, tz, s.f. A kind of shawl-stuff
manufactured at Toz or Tz, a town in
Khuzistn, in Persia.
A tauz` [inf. n. ii of ' to check; to
bring together'], s.f. A paper in which the
different separate payments made by a
zamindr, &c. are entered; statement, account;
rent-roll; descriptive roll.
H ts, s.m.=tush, q.v.
H tos-dn, s.m. corr. of tosh- food placed as an offering at the tomb of a
dn, q.v.
A tawassut [inf. n. v of ' to sit in the store-house, store-room:`qibat-k tosh,
midst'], s.m. Mediation; introduction; middle-
man, mediator, umpire.
H tosak, s.f.=toshak, q.v.
A tawassul [inf. n. v of not in use],
s.m. Introduction (to another person;
conjunction; copulation (cf wasla).
P tausan, s.m. A young unbroken horse; a
high-blooded, noble steed, war-horse, charger,
steed, horse; a plump horse; a hard-mouthed or
unmanageable horse.
S tosh, s.m. Satisfaction, gratification, may form some word or verse; an acrostic.
contentment, pleasure, joy, happiness;
contentment personified as a son of Bhagavat
and one of the twelve Tushitas.
S tvash, s.m. A carpenter; name of
a deity, the artist of the gods.
S tvashi, s.f. The business of a before prayer; arriving at the age of puberty
carpenter.
P tosh-dn (i.e. tosha+dn), s.m. A
P toshak, s.m. Bedding; a quilt, a mattress;
(in Pers.) furniture, effects, &c.:toshak-
(com. tosha-na, q.v.).
S toshak, adj. & s.m. Gratifying,
causing pleasure or happiness;one who, or
that which, causes pleasure, &c.
S toshan, adj. & s.m. Satisfying,
gratifying, making contented, appeasing,
pleasing;the act of satisfying; satisfaction;
gratification (of), &c.
H toshn [tosh = S. (), rt.
+n = ana = Prk. =S. ], v.t. To
satisfy, gratify, please, &c.
P tosha, s.m. Provision for a journey,
provision supplies, viaticum; provision for a
day accompanying the funeral of a deceased
person (to support him during his journey to the
other world,usually, however, given as alms
to the grave-digger, or to some poor person);
saint:tosha-na (prop. toshak-na), s.m.
A place where furniture is kept, a wardrobe;
s.m. Provision for the next world, laying up
treasure in heaven; good deeds; a child gone to
heaven; bearing with resignation the loss of a
child.
S tosh, adj. & s.m. Satisfied or
contented (with), pleased (with); satisfying or
making contented, gladdening;a contented
person, &c.
A taush [inf. n. ii of ;but derived
from wish 'a belt or girdle'], s.f. Putting a belt
or girdle (on); adorning; arranging verses so
that the initials of the lines being put together
A tauf [inf. n. ii of ' to describe,'
&c.], s.f. Describing; qualifying, description;
commendation; a qualified substantive (in
Gram.).
A tawa [inf. n. v. of ' to excel in
cleanliness,' &c.'], s.f. Performing ablutions
724
(boys or girls) when ablution must be
performed.
A tau [inf. n. ii of ' to be clear, kshr, s.f. Manna of bamboo (=tabshr):
evident,' &c.], s.f. Making clear or evident;
manifestation; illustrating; publishing;
statement, account of collections (=tauz`).
A tau` [inf. n. ii of ' to place or lay
down'], s.f. Putting down; depressing;
humbling, lowering.
A tawattun [inf. n. v of ' to dwell, Divine will):tawakkul-par baihn, To rest in
abide'], s.m. Fixing one's residence (in a place
or country), taking up one's abode (in);
residence.
A taufr [inf. n. ii of ' to be full, to custody, imprisonment.
abound'], s.f. Making complete or perfect;
increasing, multiplying; completion; increase,
augmentation; abundance; excess, surplus,
savings;perquisites, pickings;adj. In
excess; supernumerary.
A taufq [inf. n. ii of ' to find
convenient and useful'], s.f. Making events to
conspire happily (Divine Providence); divine
guidance, grace, or favour; the completion of
one's wishes; prosperity;ability, power,
means, resources.
S tvak, s.f. Skin; bark, &c. (=tva,
q.v.):tvak-hed, s.m. Skin-wound, flesh
wound, cut, scratch; circumcision:tvak-
tvak-kaur, s.m. Skin-wound, a wound, a sore.
H t-krn, v.t. See s.v. t.
A tawakkul [inf. n. v of ' to entrust' (to),
&c.], s.m. Trusting (to), depending (upon); trust
in God; faith, reliance; resignation (to the
hope, to trust in God, to be resigned; to sit idle,
to do nothing.
A taukl [inf. n. ii of ], s.f. Keeping in
S tl, s.m.(f.?), Cotton:tl-nl, s.f.
'Cotton-tube'; a thick roll of cotton which is
drawn out in spinning.
H tl, s.m.=tul, and tulya, q.v.
H tol, taul [S. , rt. ], s.m.
Weighing; weight or quantity measured by the
balance; standard weight or measure of
weight:taul-tl, s.m. Weighing and
measuring.

A tawaqqur [inf. n. v of ' to be mild,'

H tol [S. ], s.m. A weight of
&c.], s.m. Mildness, modesty, gentleness;
sedateness, gravity; respect, dignity, honour. 12 (or 16) mshas (esp. of gold or silver), the
weight of the Sicca rupee, or about 179
A tawaqqo [inf. n. v of ' to fall'], s.f. grains; (the tola is reckoned in books at 16
Expectation, hope; trust, reliance; wish, desire; mshas of 6 grains each, and weighs therefore
request:tawaqqo rakhn or hon (-k, of a 184 grains Troy; in practice, however, it is
thing, -se, from a person), To entertain or have calculated at 12 mshas, jeweller's weight, and
hope, to hope; to expect, to look (for), to desire. weighs nearly 210 grains);a weigher of coins,
&c.; weighman:tol-dr, s.m. Weighman
A tawaqquf [inf. n. v of ' to stand, (=tol).
stop,' &c.], s.m. Stopping, pausing; pause,
cessation; delay, suspension; hesitation; H taul, s.m.=taul, q.v.
tediousness; patience:tawaqquf karn, v.n. To
pause, hesitate, wait, delay, dally, &c. H taul, s.m. An intoxicating liquor
made from the flowers of the Mahu` tree.
A tauqr [inf. n. ii of ' to be sober or
grave,' &c.], s.f. Honouring, revering,
P tawall [for A. tawall, inf. n. v of ' to
respecting, treating with ceremony; honour,
be near,' &c.], s.m. Affection, attachment;
reverence, veneration, respect:tauqr karn (-
cultivating friendship; hope.
k), To do honour (to), to honour, &c.

A tauq` [inf. n. ii of ' to fall'], s.f. H tauln (caus. of toln),

Signing (an order, &c.) with the royal signet; v.t.=tulwn, q.v.
the royal signet put to diplomas, letters patent,
and other public deeds. H taul`, s.f.=tulw`, q.v.

P tuwalat, s.f.=tuwala, q.v.

725

A tawallud [inf. n. v of ' to bear
children'], s.m. Birth, nativity;adj. Born,
generated:tawallud hon (-se), To be born
(of).
S tolak, s.m. A weight (see tol); a
weighman.
H toln, tauln [tol = Prk.
() or ()=S. () or (), H tombr, tmbr, = H
rt. ], v.t. To weigh; to balance; to ponder,
deliberate; to judge, estimate; to confront one
another (as two armies).
H taulw`, s.f.=tulw`, q.v.
A tiwala, tuwala (for A. tiwalat, &c.,
fem.), s.m. A philtre, love-potion; charm,
amulet;tuwala, s.m. Misfortune, evil,
dreadful calamity.
H tola, s.m.= tol, q.v.
doing the work of a midwife; generation, birth;
production; growth.
T tomn (prop. toman or tuman), s.m. A
myriad, ten-thousand; a sum of money equal to
ten thousand Arabic silver drachmas (which are
about one-third less than those of the Greeks); a
sum of fifteen dollars and a half; districts into
which a kingdom is divided (each being
supposed to furnish 10,000 fighting men).
tomb, tumb,
s.f.=tm and tob, qq.v.
H tomb, tumb, = H
tombr, tmbr,
s.f.=tm and tob, qq.v.
S tomar, s.m. An iron club or crow;
a lance; a javelin; name of a class of Rjpts
(=tuwar, tawar); a kind of metre consisting of
four lines of nine syllables each.

H tl, s.f.=tul; tul, qq.v. H tomr, s.m. Name of a class of

Rjpts (=tomar).
S tl, s.f. Cotton; the wick of a lamp;
a weaver's fibrous stick or brush; a painter's H tmr, s.f.=tm, q.v.
brush or pencil, or a stick with a fibrous
extremity used as one; &c. (=tul, q.v.).
H tom [S. ++], s.m. The
gourd Lagenaria vulgaris in a dry state; the
H taul, = H tauliy, [S.
same with the inner part scooped out (used by
], s.f. A vessel used by Hinds (orig. mendicants to carry water in, &c., and also as
applied to a copper vessel, syn. with tambiy; floats in swimming, &c.).
but now also applied to an earthen vessel).
H tom, tm [S.
H tauliy, = H taul, [S. ++], s.f.=tom, q.v.; (tm) a
], s.f. A vessel used by Hinds (orig. musical instrument made of the gourd, a kind of
applied to a copper vessel, syn. with tambiy; pipe (used by snake-charmers and jugglers); the
but now also applied to an earthen vessel). snout of an alligator, or crocodile, &c. (so
called from its resemblance to the shape of the
H tauliy (corr. from the English), s.m. A gourd); (tom or tm) a lantern made of a
towel. hollowed gourd, or of a hollowed water-melon,
or of earth, &c.; a kind of firework (a small
P tauliyat [for A. , inf. n. ii of ' to earthen pot filled with powder, &c.; syn. phul-
assist; to govern'], s.f. Appointing (one) as jhar).
governor, deputy, or superintendent; setting
over; the superintendence (of any business); H tmn [tm = Prk. () =
trusteeship:tauliyat-nma, s.m. Letter or
S. (), rt. ], v.t. To pull (cotton or
order appointing one a superintendent, &c.;
deed of trusteeship. wool) to pieces and separate it with the fingers
preparatory to combing:tm-ln, v.t.
A tauld [inf. n. ii of ' to bear children'], intens. of and=tmn; (fig.) to pull (one) to
s.f. Procreating, begetting; assisting at a birth, pieces; to abuse roundly.

726
 H tod, td [Prk. ; S. ],
H tmiy [S. +], s.m. s.f. A large belly, a pot-belly; corpulence.
Thread made of cotton that has been separated
and loosened by the hand and then carded (as H todl, = H
opp. to the coarser kind of thread made of ak
r`, or cotton that has been beaten only). todal, = H tod, [Prk. ; S.
++], adj. & s.m.=todail.
H t, pron. (prov.), Thou (=t):t-
t karn, v.n. To dispute, &c.=t-t karn and H todal, = H
t-karn, q.v.s.v. t.
todl, = H tod, [Prk. ;
H tn, s.m. The tree Cedrela toona and S. ++], adj. & s.m.=todail.
its wood (=tunna, tun, q.v.).
H tod, = H todl,
S t, s.m. A quiver. = H todal, [Prk. ; S.
++], adj. & s.m.=todail.
H to, tau [Prk. ; S. ],
adv. In that manner, so, thus; then, in that case H tod [Prk. ; S. ],
(=to; tab, q.v.); also=tyo, q.v.:to-h, adv. In
that very manner, exactly so;exactly then, at s.f. The navel (=ton).
that very instant, there and then; then even.
H tod [S. ], s.f. A
H taun [Ap. Prk. , Prk. ; S. finger-tip.
], pron. correl. (of jaun), He, she, it, that,
H todail [Prk. ; S.
that same (=so).
++] = H todaila,
H tn, v.n. To abort, to miscarry, to todl, adj. & s.m. Pot-bellied,
slip:t-jn, v.n. Idem. gorbellied, corpulent;a gorbellied person.

H tob, tb, = H H todaila, todl, = H

tob, tb, s.m.=tumb; tom, qq.v. todail [Prk. ;S.
++] adj. & s.m. Pot-bellied,
H tob, tb, = H gorbellied, corpulent;a gorbellied person.
tob, tb, s.m.=tumb; tom,
qq.v. H to, t [S. ], s.f.
The navel (=tod).
H tobr, tb,
s.f.=tumb; tom, tm, qq.v. H taus [S. ], s.f. Heat of the
sun; heat; great thirst.
H tbiy, tbaiy [S.
++], s.m.=lit. 'Having a snout'; the H taus, s.m. Sun-stroke.
alligator, the crocodile (syn. magar).
H tausn, v.n. To be heated in
H tbn, v.t.=tmn, q.v. the sun: to be overcome by heat, to be faint
orlanguid with heat; to be parched; to droop,
fade, wither; to be very thirsty.
H tob, tb, s.f.=tumb;
tom, tm, qq.v. P tawangar, adj.=tawngar, q.v.

H tbiy, s.m.=tmiy, q.v. P tawangar, s.f.=tawngar, q.v.s.v.

tawn.

727
S tr, s.m. A quiver. water; abounding in water:toya-vall, s.f. A
kind of gourd, Momordia charantia.
H twar, s.m.=tuwar, and tomar,
P tah [S. ; cf. H. thh), s.f. Ground; site;
qq.v.
floor; surface; bottom, underneath; foundation;
depth; layer, stratum; fold, plait, ply;real
S tvar, s.m. A bull without horns; a meaning or intent; hidden meaning; depth of
beardless man; a eunuch. meaning, profundity, subtleness; allusion,
insinuation (=ramz; kinya);adj. (in comp.)
A tawahhum [inf. n. v. of ' to think, Under, beneath, underground:tah-bzr, s.m.
imagine,' &c.], s.m. Thinking, imagining, The ground or site of a market:tah-bzr, s.f.
supposing; imagination, fancy, supposition, Ground-rent of a stall in a market; ground-rent
conjecture; suspicion; imputation. or tax paid by shop-keepers in a market-
place:tah-ba-tah, adj. & adv. One upon or
H thin, s.m. Snow, frost, over another; fold within fold; complicated,
&c.=tuhin, q.v. involved; (in Bot.) plicate;plait by plait, fold
by fold; every fold:tah-ba-tah karn, v.t. To
pile or arrange one upon or over another:tah-
H tau-h = H tau-h adv. band, s.m. A cloth worn round the waist and
See s.v. tau. passing between the legs:tah-posh, s.f.
Drawers worn by women under the s:tah-
H tau-h = H tau-h adv. pe, s.m. A cap or cloth worn under the turban
See s.v. tau. (syn. batna):tah ton (-k), To lick the
bottom (of a platter, &c.) clean, to lick (a
H to-h, pron.=to-hi, q.v.s.v. to. platter, &c.) clean:tah jamn (-k), To plait,
fold, place fold on fold; to drink glass after
glass (of):tah-na, s.m. A room under
A tauhn [inf. n. ii of ' to be weak'], s.f. ground, a subterranean abode; a lower story;
Debilitating, enervating, relaxing; scoffing. cellar, vault; a cavern:tah-dr, adj. Having
bottom or foundation; having depth (lit. & fig.),
P & H to`, t`, s.f. Ornamental deep, profound, subtle (e.g. yeh she`r tah-dr
lace, edging (cf. S. tsha). hai); rational;tah-dr, s.f. The having bottom
or foundation; deepness, depth, profundity,
P toy, to`e, s.f. (?), Feast, entertainment. &c.:tad-darz, adj. New, quite new:tah-
deg, s.f. The scrapings of a pot, the burnt part
H tiwa`, s.f. (Old H.), Woman, of victuals that sticks to the bottom of a pot
(syn. khuran):tah-den, v.t. To tinge
&c.=tiy, str, q.v.
slightly:tah-r, s.m. Stuffing (of a saddle,
&c.):tah-k, adj. (f. -), Deep, profound,
S toya, s.m. Water:toya-pippal, s.f. hidden, occult, mysterious; involved:tah
The plant Jussia repens:toya-prasdan, s.m. karn, v.t. To fold; to arrange; to set aside, put
lit. 'Purifying water'; the tree Strychnos by, put up; to dispose of, settle, decide:tah-
potatorum or its nut, the clearing-nut (this nut kar rakhn, v.t. To fold up; to put carefully by;
being rubbed upon the inner surface of a water- to keep (a thing) to ooneself:tah-ko pahun
jar occasions the precipitation of the impurities (-k), To get to the bottom (of), to get to the root
of the water poured into it):toya-pushp, s.f. (of), to discover:tah-mrn, s.m. A disease
The trumpet-flower, Bignonia suaveolens: affecting the flanks (of a horse, arising from
toya-da, s.m. lit. 'Water-giving'; a cloud; the excessive thirst):tah miln, v.n. To pair (as
fragrant grass or reed Cyperus rotundus:toya- birds):tah-nl, s.m. The mounting at the
dhar, s.m. 'Bearing or containing water'; a lower end of a scabbard or sheath:tah-nma,
cloud; the pot-herb Marsilia dentata:toya-dhi, s.m. An agreement; a treaty (of peace, &c.); a
s.m. 'Receptacle of waters'; the ocean, sea; a bill of articles or items agreed upon by two
reservoir:toya-km, s.m. 'Fond of water'; a parties:tah-nishn, adj. Inlaid (iron with gold,
sort of cane growing in or near water, Calamus or a sword-hilt with gold and precious
fasciculatus:toya-krihra, s.m. A kind of stones):tah-nishn hon, v.n. To sink to the
penance, taking nothing but water for a fixed bottom; to settle; to subside; to sink into the
period:toya-mu, s.m. 'Discharging water'; a mind:tah-o-bl, adv. Upside down, topsy-
cloud:toya-may, adj. Formed or consisting of turvy;tah-o-bl karn, v.t. To turn upside
down; to subvert, to overthrow.

728
P tih, adj. Empty, &c.=tih, q.v. H thth = H tht [Prk.
; S. + ], s.f. Anything given in
H tha, The seventeenth consonant of the
charge, a charge, trust (syn. dharohar).
Ngar alphabet, and the second of the dental
class, being the aspirate of the preceding letter
H tht = H thth [Prk.
t:tha-kr, s.m. The letter or the sound
th. ; S. + ], s.f. Anything given in
charge, a charge, trust (syn. dharohar).
H th [S. rt. ], Was, (irreg.
past tense masc. sing. of the verb hon, 'to H thr, s.m.=thl, q.v.
be';fem. sing. th: see Gram.).
H tihr, tuhr = H
H th, s.f.=thh, q.v. tihrau (f. tihr). pron. adj. (Braj, or old
H.)=tumhr.
H thp [Prk. ; see thpn], s.f.
Pat, tap, flap, slap, thump, cuff; paw (of a H tihrau (f. tihr). = H
beast); the sound of the tabla or drum when tihr, tuhr pron. adj. (Braj, or old
struck with the palm of the hand:thp den, H.)=tumhr.
v.t. To pat, to slap, thump; to strike a drum with
the palm of the hand:thp mrn, v.t. To slap,
H thr, s.f.=thl, q.v.
&c. (=thp den); to strike with the paw, to paw
(as a tiger, &c.); to pat (cow-dung) into cakes
and patch a wall (with them). H tih [S. ++; or
perhaps fr. tihn = tihrn, q.v.], s.m.
H thp [Prk. ; see thpn], Division into three equal parts; a third part;
s.m. Mark of a paw (as a tiger's); impression or tih, s.m. or tihe-k ba`, s.f. A division of
mark made with the palm of the hand on the the produce into three equal parts, one of which
wall of a house (as at a wedding, by the goes to the proprietor of the land, and the other
members of the household; or to mark out a two to the cultivators.
house as one to be broken into and robbed; or to
distinguish a house as that of a murderer, in H thk (see thak), s.m. A boundary
which case the wall is smeared with blood); pillar built of masonry (in opp. to h`, 'a mud
mark, impression, stamp (of a large and rude pillar').
kind); gleanings (of corn, &c., left on the field
after harvest).
H thkn, v.n.=thakn, q.v.;
H thpn [thp = Prk. (); v.t.=thakn, q.v.

prob. for S. (), pass. of rt. used H thl = H thl [S. ,

actively], v.t. To tap, pat, beat; to pat (cow-
dung) into cakes (for fuel), to patch or plaster (a and +], s.m. A large flat plate or dish of
wall with cakes of cow-dung; see phn; metal (usually brass, or bell-metal); a tray;
thopn); to slap, thump, box, cuff. (thl), the basin or trench dug round the root of
a tree for holding water; the excavation in
H thpn [S. ], s.f. The act which a tree is to be planted.
of erecting an image for worship; a religious
ceremony performed at a certain season at Agra H thl = H thl [S. ,
and in its vicinity. and +], s.m. A large flat plate or dish of
metal (usually brass, or bell-metal); a tray;
H thp [rt. of thp-n+Prk. =S. (thl), the basin or trench dug round the root of
], s.f. The sound of patting or tapping;the a tree for holding water; the excavation in
which a tree is to be planted.
instrument with which potters beat their clay;
the wooden patter used by mason's, an
instrument of wood for patting or beating
smooth or even, a beater; a bat.

729
H tihl (see tih), s.f. Cotton up (a horse); to resist:thm-len (intens. of
thmn), v.t. To hold up, support; to lay hold
pods the fibre of which equals one-third of the
of, catch, seize, &c. (=thmn); to accept, take
whole produce.
(as an advance, &c.).
H thl [S. +], s.f. A small
H thm-jn, s.m. A kind of
flat plate or dish of metal or earth; plate, dish,
sedan chair, a 'tonjon' (=tm-jhm, q.v.).
platter; a salver; a stand (for a candlestick, or a
uqqa, &c.); (fig.) a present of sweetmeats,
fruits, &c. (made by relations or friends on H thmhn, v.t.=thmbhn, q.v.
festive occasions):thl bajn, v.n. To strike
or play on a thl or plate. H tah [S. +], adv. (correl.
to jah, q.v.), There, thither; then, at that
H thl (see thl), s.f. A basin or juncture:tah-tah, adv. There and there, in
trench dug round the root of a tree (for holding each place.
water); a mound about the root of a tree.
H thm = H thmbh H thn [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
s.m.=tham; thambh; q.v. Place, spot, locality, site; dwelling-place, abode,
seat; stall (for cattle); stable; manger; (fig.)
H thmbh = H thm breed, stock (e.g. ahe thn-k gho hai);
s.m.=tham; thambh; q.v. cloth or silk, &c., in the piece; a piece (of coin,
&c.), a unit, a single one;covering (of a
horse):thn-me n, v.n. To roll on the
H thmn = H
ground (a horse):tno thn, s.m. The private
thmbn = H thmbhn [thm, parts of a male.
&c.=Prk. () or ()=S. (),
H tahn (from tah), v.t. To fold, ply, wrap,
caus. of ], v.t. To prop, bear, support; to &c. (=tah karn, q.v.s.v. tah).
sustain, maintain; to assist; to protect, shelter,
shield; to lay hold of, to hold, clutch, seize; to H thn [Prk. ; S. ],
stop, prevent, withhold, restrain, check; to pull s.m. A subordinate police station; a station; a
up (a horse); to resist:thm-len (intens. of guard;the inside of the lines of an army;a
thmn), v.t. To hold up, support; to lay hold heap or stack of bamboos:thn-dr, thne-
of, catch, seize, &c. (=thmn); to accept, take dr, s.m. The keeper of a thn, a petty police
(as an advance, &c.). officer:thn-dr, thane-dr, s.f. The office
or status of a thn-dr;adj. Of or pertaining
H thmbn = H to the office of a thn-dr.
thmn = H thmbhn [thm,
H thb = H thbh
&c.=Prk. () or ()=S. (),
s.m.=thambh, q.v.
caus. of ], v.t. To prop, bear, support; to
sustain, maintain; to assist; to protect, shelter, H thbh = H thb
shield; to lay hold of, to hold, clutch, seize; to
s.m.=thambh, q.v.
stop, prevent, withhold, restrain, check; to pull
up (a horse); to resist:thm-len (intens. of
thmn), v.t. To hold up, support; to lay hold H thbn = H
of, catch, seize, &c. (=thmn); to accept, take thbhn v.t.=thmbhn, q.v.
(as an advance, &c.).
H thbhn = H
H thmbhn = H thbn v.t.=thmbhn, q.v.
thmn = H thmbn [thm,
H P thna-jt, s.m. pl. of thna, q.v.
&c.=Prk. () or ()=S. (),
caus. of ], v.t. To prop, bear, support; to H thnak [S. ], s.m.
sustain, maintain; to assist; to protect, shelter, Position, situation, place.
shield; to lay hold of, to hold, clutch, seize; to
stop, prevent, withhold, restrain, check; to pull

730
H thg [S. ], s.f. lit. 'The thwas karn, thwas len, v.n. To bear
patiently, to have patience, be patient.
exact spot or place' (of a thing lost or sought); a
den of thieves: trace of stolen property; trace,
track, clue, information;stolen property: H thwal, s.m.=thwar, q.v.
thg-gr, s.f. Receiving stolen property:
thg lagn (-k), To obtain a clue (to hidden A tahwun [inf. n. vi of ' to be light, or
or stolen property), to trace, to discover. vile'], s.m. Contempt; neglect, negligence,
carelessness, sloth.
H thgn, v.t. To obtain a clue
to, &c.=thg lagn. H thh [akin to S. ], s.f. Bottom;
depth; end; ford:thh len (-k), To take the
H thg = H depth (of), to sound.
thgiy s.m. An abettor of thieves, an
H thh, s.f. Fordableness;adj.
accomplice who supplies thieves with
information; a receiver of stolen goods;one Fordable.
who traces stolen property, a detective;
thg, s.f.=thg;thg-dr, s.m.=thg or H tih` [Prk. ;
thgiy:thg-dr, s.f. The aiding and ++ with euphonic h], s.f. A third
abetting of thieves; the receiving or holding of
stolen goods. part; the third part of a piece of cloth for
making trousers.
H thgiy = H
H tihyat, tih`et, s.m.=tisryat,
thg s.m. An abettor of thieves, an
tisrait, qq.v.
accomplice who supplies thieves with
information; a receiver of stolen goods;one
who traces stolen property, a detective; H thupn [caus. of thopn, q.v.;
thg, s.f.=thg;thg-dr, s.m.=thg or thup = Prk. =S. , rt.
thgiy:thg-dr, s.f. The aiding and
+], v.t. To cause to prop, &c.; to
abetting of thieves; the receiving or holding of
stolen goods. cause to be propped, &c.

H thvl, th`ol [S. H thappa, = H thap,

++], s.m. The basin or trench dug [Prk. and ; see thpn], s.m.
for water round the root of a tree, &c.=thl, Slap, thump, box, &c. (=thp); cake, clot; crust,
q.v. layer:thappa mrn, v.t. To slap, thump, &c.

H thna, s.m.= thn, q.v. H thap, = H thappa,

[Prk. and ; see thpn], s.m.
H thn, s.f.=thg, q.v. Slap, thump, box, &c. (=thp); cake, clot; crust,
layer:thappa mrn, v.t. To slap, thump, &c.
H thn [S. + +], adj. &
s.m. Stationary, resident;the owner of a thn; H thapn [thappa, q.v.+ =
a householder, master of a house; a permanent w = Prk. or =S. caus.
cultivator. increment], v.t. To slap, &c.=thappa mrn.

H thwar [S. ], s.m. lit. H thap [Prk. ; see

'Stationary, immovable' (opp. to jangam); any
thpn], s.f. The clapping of hands:thap
stationary or inanimate object (as a plant,
bajn, thap pn, thap mrn, v.n. To clap
mineral, &c.); inorganic nature;Saturday:
the hands; to clap hands (at one, in derision,
thwar-jangam, thwar-o-jangam, s.m. Things
stationary and movable; things animate and &c.), to deride, mock, hoot:thap bajn,
inanimate; organic and inorganic nature. thap pin, v.n. To have the hands clapped (at
one, in derision), to be mocked, &c.
H thwas [S. ], s.m.
Firmness, fortitude; endurance, patience:

731
H thapak (see next), s.m.(f.?), Tap, sound thut, as of spitting, over (a person or
thing, in order to avert evil).
pat; slap, thump, &c. (=thp).

H thut-kr, s.f. A sputtering

H thapakn [thapak = Prk.
hag; a hag, witch:a fetter (for the leg); a shoe,
(); thappa (see thp)+S. ], v.t. To slipper (local, used chiefly by women).
tap, pat (a child to sleep); to soothe, pacify;to
put off, to shuffle. H thuthn (from thoth, q.v.), v.n.
To distort (the mouth), to hang or turn down the
H thapn (fr. the trans. thpn), v.n. lip (in disgust, &c.), to pout; to turn away
To be patted; to be made into a cake by patting. (from, in disgust, &c.); to frown, scowl:
muh thuthn, To make a wry face, to pout,
H thapn [thap = Prk. ()=S. &c.
; or=S. (), rt. ], v.t. To fix,
H thuthn, s.f.=ththn or thothn,
establish, place, set up.
q.v.
H thupn, thapn (fr. the H tah-te, pron. (Braj)=us-se, 'of or
trans. thopn), v.t. To bear, endure, suffer. from him.'

A tahajjud [inf. n. v of ' to sleep'; 'to

H thape, = H thape,
wake, watch,' &c.], s.m. Sleeping soundly;
[Prk. and with y sleeplessness, wakefulness; a form of prayer
repeated during the night.
inserted; see thp;, &c.=S. +], s.m.
Slap, thump, buffet (of waves, &c.); gust, blast A tahajj [inf. n. v of ' to join (letters),
(of wind);the scalp. to spell'], s.f. Spelling; orthography:tahajj
karn (-k), To spell:urf-e-tahajj, s.m. The
H thape, = H thape, letters of the alphabet.
[Prk. and with y
A tahdd [inf. n. ii of ' to break,' &c.], s.f.
inserted; see thp;, &c.=S. +], s.m. Terrifying; threatening; terror, alarm; threat,
Slap, thump, buffet (of waves, &c.); gust, blast menace.
(of wind);the scalp.
A tahb [inf. n. ii of ' to prune; to
H thiti, thit [S. ], s.f. clean,' &c.], s.f. Purifying; adjusting, adorning;
Permanence, continuance, stability; staying; correcting, amending; correction, amendment,
stay; steadiness, consistency; keeping, bringing edification, refinement, polish:tahb-e-
up, fostering. alq, s.f. Civilization, good breeding, &c.:
tahb-yfta, adj. Refined, polished, polite,
educated, civilized.
H tihattar [Prk. ; S.
], adj. Seventy-three. H tuhar, pron. adj. (dialectic)=ter (see
toh).
A tahattuk [inf. n. v of ' to tear (a veil,
&c.); to expose'], s.m. Exposure, disgrace,
H thar [S. ], s.m. Anything spread;
infamy; defamation (cf. hatk).
layer, stratum, bed, tier; coating or overlay (of
plaster, paint, &c.).
H tut-kr [S. +],
s.m. Making the sound thut in spitting;
H thar, s.m.=thal, q.v.
sputtering, spitting;cholera morbus (in the
language of Mohammadan women).
H thir [Prk. ; S. ], adj.
H thut-krn, v.n. To spit, to Fixed, firm, stable, permanent, durable; settled;
sputter; to spit or hiss (as a snake, &c.); to spit tranquil, calm, smooth, even:thir-rahn, v.n.
(at), to drive away scornfully;to imitate the To continue fixed or firm; to be durable, to last,
sound and action of spitting (in order to avert &c.
evil from one):thut-kr len, v.t. To make the

732
H tehr [Prk. =S. H tharthar, s.f. Shaking,
+++], adj. Three-fold, treble, triple, trembling, &c. (=thartharha); a shivering fit,
triplicate (see tehr). ague.

H tohr, pron. adj.=tuhar, q.v. H thirakn [thirak = Prk.

()=S. + ], v.n. To be set, be
H tehrn [tehr, q.v.+ = w = settled, be well postured (in dancing, &c.); to
move or dance in a stately manner, or with
Prk. =S. caus. augment], v.t. To expressive action and gesture; to strut, stalk; to
tertiate; to do (a thing) for the third time; to mince, dance.
triple, to make three-fold.
H tharharn,
H tharrn, v.n. To shake, tremble, v.n.=thartharn, q.v.
shiver, &c.=thar-tharn, q.v.:tharr-uhn,
v.n. To begin to shake or tremble; to tremble, H tharharn, v.n.=thartharn,
&c.=tharrn.
or thartharn, q.v.
H thirn [thir = Prk. ()
H thariy, s.f.=thaliy, or thl,
or ()=S. +], v.n. To settle (as qq.v.
liquor); to subside (as a swelling, &c.); to
become calm, or tranquil, &c. H tha [S. , or +], s.m.
Sithing place, seat, platform (cf. thar).
H tehrwa [from tehrn;
wa = Prk. + =S. ()++], H thu-dil (tho+dil+k), adj.
s.f. Triplication. Faint-hearted, cowardly; narrow-hearted,
miserly, close.
H thirat, thirt [S. ], s.f.
Firmness, stability, motionlessness, stillness, H thiakn, v.n.=thirakn, q.v.
rest; steadfastness; settlement; calm, quiet,
tranquillity, serenity. H thun (from tho), v.n. To fall
short, be insufficient; to be wanting, to fail, be
H thar-thar [S. or lacking:thu-jn, v.n. Idem.
invert. & redupl.; cf. thal-thal], adj. & adv.
Shaking, trembling, quivering, shivering, H thu, s.f. Scarcity, lack.
quaking;s.m. Shake, shiver, tremor, &c.:
thar-thar kpn, v.n. To shake, tremble,
&c.=thar-tharn, q.v. H thu (th+), s.f. Spitting (at or
on, -par, in scorn); disgrace, dishonour, shame,
H thar-tharn, v.n. To infamy (used chiefly by women);intj.
(express. of disgust, &c.), Ah! fie! for
shake, tremble, shiver, quiver, shudder, quake;
to vibrate; to totter. shame!:thu thu hon, v.n. To be disgraced,
dishonoured, &c.
H thar-tharh, adj.
H tahas-nahas (prob. from
Trembling, shaking, tottering, tremulous, shaky.
S. , tahas being an apa-abd), adj. & s.m.
H thartharha, s.f. Destroyed, ruined; scattered, dispersed;
Trembling, shaking, shivering, quivering; overthrown, subverted; topsy-turvy,
tremor, shiver, shudder, thrill, throb, vibration. confused;destruction, ruin; overthrow,
subversion; dispersion; confusion.
H thartharn,
H thak, = H thakk, [Prk.
v.n.=thartharn, q.v.
and ; see thakn], adj. & s.m.
Conglomerate, congealed, coagulated, clotted,
thick;anything congealed or conglomerated, a

733
clot, lump, clump, clod, mass, heap (syn. akk; ()++], s.f. Weariness, fatigue,
hel:thak-bast, s.f.=thok-bast, q.v.:thak- exhaustion, lassitude.
thak, adj. Conglomerated, stuck together;
thickly clustered, jumbled; wet through, soaked,
drenched:thakke-ke thakke, adj.=thakk; H thakha = H
adv. In the mass, or heap, in the lump or cluster. thak`o = H thakwa = H
thak` [thak+Prk.
H thakk, = H thak, [Prk.
+ =S. ()++], s.f.
and ; see thakn], adj. & s.m.
Weariness, fatigue, exhaustion, lassitude.
Conglomerate, congealed, coagulated, clotted,
thick;anything congealed or conglomerated, a
H thak` = H
clot, lump, clump, clod, mass, heap (syn. akk;
hel:thak-bast, s.f.=thok-bast, q.v.:thak- thak`o = H thakwa = H
thak, adj. Conglomerated, stuck together; thakha [thak+` = Prk.
thickly clustered, jumbled; wet through, soaked,
drenched:thakke-ke thakke, adj.=thakk; =S. + ()], s.f. Weariness,
adv. In the mass, or heap, in the lump or cluster. fatigue, exhaustion, lassitude.

H thak (perf. part. of thakn), adj. (f. H thuk`, adj. & s.m.=thukh`,
-), Wearied, tired, fatigued, exhausted, q.v.
jaded:thak-bakk, thak-pikk, thak-
phakk, adj. Worn out, troubled, perplexed, H thakit [rt. of thakn, q.v.+S.
distracted, confounded.
], part. adj. Stopped; standing still,
H thukk, s.m. Spittle=thk, q.v. motionless; astonished; wearied, &c. (=thak,
q.v.).
(used chiefly in comp.):thukk-faat, s.f.
Disgrace; abuse; strife, contention, quarrel:
thukkam-thukk, s.m. Mutual abuse. H thak-thak, adj. See s.v. thak.

H thakn [thak, q.v.+n = Prk. H thuk-thukn (see

=S. ], s.f.=thakan; thak`, q.v. thkn`), v.n. To spit (especially on hearing the
name of a disease for the purpose of warding it
off, or for the purpose of averting an evil eye).
H thakna [thak, rt. of thakn+
= w = Prk. or =S. caus. H thakn [thak = Prk. (), fr.
augment], v.t. To weary, tire, fatigue, fag, jade, S. (acc. )+ ;+n = an = Prk.
harass, exhaust:thak-den, v.t. (intens. of
thakn), To tire out, exhaust, &c. =S. ], v.n. To be wearied, to weary,
tire, be fatigued, be jaded, be exhausted; to flag,
H thukn (caus. of thkn), v.t. droop, faint; to be enervated; to be inert,
sluggish; to be slack or dull:thak-jn
To cause to spit, to make (one) spit; to cause to
(intens.) v.n. To be wearied out, be exhausted,
reproach or despise, &c.
&c.=thakn.
H thak`o = H
H thukh`, adj. & s.m. Fit to be
thakwa = H thakha = H spit upon, vile, base, contemptible:a
thak` [base of thak-n+Prk. contemptible person or thing, &c.
=S. ()], s.m. Weariness, fatigue, H thagit (i.q. thakit, q.v.), part. adj.
exhaustion, lassitude. Stopped; remaining still; motionless.

H thakwa = H H thigl, s.m. = H

thigl, s.f. =thegl, q.v.
thak`o = H thakha = H
thak` [thak+Prk. + =S. H thigl, s.f. = H
thigl, s.m. =thegl, q.v.

734
H thal [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. Firm H thamn (caus. of thamn and
or dry ground, land (as opp. to water); ford; thmn), v.t.=thambhn, q.v.
ground or land, soil; place, spot, site; den of a
lion or tiger; raised ground, a mound; a H thamb = H thamb =
sandhill:thal-andar vidy, s.f. The science of
mineralogy:thal-be, s.m. Ford or boat; H thambh [Prk. and
place of abode; the whereabouts (of a person); =S. and ], s.m.
(fig.) means of attaining one's desires:thal- Support, prop, pillar, column, post;thamb,
ar, thal-r, adj. & s.m. Moving on land, land, thambh, the stem of a tree (esp. of a plantain); a
terrestrial (animal);a land animal. pillar-shaped sweetmeat (offered at shrines
chiefly by women); obstruction, obstacle,
H thal, s.m.=tha, q.v. check, curb, anything that restrains.

H thal-thal [S. ], invert. & H thamb = H thamb =

redupl.; or a var. pron. for kharkhar or pharphar, H thambh [Prk. and
q.v.], adj. Loose, flabby, flaccid, soft, squashy;
=S. and ], s.m.
hanging loosely, baggy; shaky, waving,
undulating, fluctuating (as a jelly, &c.);s.f. Support, prop, pillar, column, post;thamb,
Shaking loosely, being flabby, flabbiness, thambh, the stem of a tree (esp. of a plantain); a
&c.:thal-thal karn, v.n. To shake (as flabby pillar-shaped sweetmeat (offered at shrines
flesh), &c.=thalthaln, q.v. chiefly by women); obstruction, obstacle,
check, curb, anything that restrains.
H thul-thul, adv. Falling gently,
H thambh = H thamb =
dropping, trickling (as water from a small
height;cf. ul-ul-n). H thamb [Prk. and
=S. and ], s.m.
H thalthal, adj.=thal-thal, q.v.
Support, prop, pillar, column, post;thamb,
thambh, the stem of a tree (esp. of a plantain); a
H thalthaln (see thal-thal), pillar-shaped sweetmeat (offered at shrines
v.n. To shake, to hang loosely (as flabby flesh chiefly by women); obstruction, obstacle,
or fat), to shake, undulate, or fluctuate (as a check, curb, anything that restrains.
jelly, or any thick glutinous substance).
H thambn, v.n.=thambhn, q.v.
H thalakn [thalak = S.
+ ; or a var. pron. of kharak or pharak, H thambhn (caus. of
q.v.], v.n. To shake, &c.=thal-thaln;to thambhn and of thmbhn), v.t. To stop,
tremble, quiver, flutter, throb, palpitate restrain, hold, quiet, &c. (see thmbhn);to
(=dhaakn). cause or to get (one) to hold (a thing), to put (a
thing) into one's hands:thambh-den,
P tahluka, tahlaka, vulg. tahalka (for A. v.t.=thambhn.
tahlukat, fem., inf. n. of ), s.m.
Anything ending in destruction; ruin, perdition; H thambhn [thamb = Prk.
consternation, dismay, alarm, panic; pang, ()=S. (), rt. ], v.n. To be
agony.
arrested; to stand still, to stop, cease, give over;
to be still or quiet, be restrained; to be
H thaliy [S. +, or dim. of supported; to support oneself, to rest; to
thl], s.f.=thl, q.v. recover, right oneself (after a stumble, &c.):
thambh-jn, v.n. Intens. of and=thambhn.
A tahll [inf. n. ii of
' to call aloud, to
proclaim,' &c.], s.f. Praising God, P tohmat (for A. ), s.f. Evil opinion;
acknowledging the true God (by saying l ilha suspicion (of guilt); allegation; false accusation,
illa`llh, 'There is no god but God'). falsely charging one with a crime, aspersion,
detraction, calumny, slander:tohmat den,
H tham, s.m.=thambh, q.v. tohmat dharn, tohmat karn, tohmat lagn (-

735
par), To accuse falsely, to belie, calumniate, H tahaw = H
slander, asperse, traduce.
tahaw adv. (prov.)=tah, q.v.
A H tohmat, adj. & s.m. Suspicious; false,
calumnious; ignominious;false accuser, H tahaw = H
calumniator, slanderer. tahaw adv. (prov.)=tah, q.v.

H tham [Prk. ; S. H than [Prk. ; S. +],

++], adj. Thick, corpulent. s.f. A blemish in horses (excrescences,
resembling teats on the breast or neck).
H thamn, v.n.=thambhn, q.v.:
H thun, s.f. (local)=thn, q.v.
tham-jn, v.n.=thamn.
P tahni`at, tahniyat [for A. , inf. n. ii of
H taha, adv. contrac. of tah, q.v. ' to be joyful,' &c.], s.f. Wishing (one) joy or
prosperity, congratulating; congratulation.
H tihi, ti-hu (Braj)=us-ko bh;
us-ko. H thanesar = H
thaneswar = H
H tuhin, s.m. Mist, dew; hoar-frost,
thanewar [S. + +( )+], s.m.
ice, snow; cold; moonlight, moonshine (cf.
Name of a class of Brahmans belonging to the
tushr):tuhin-giri, s.m. Snowy mountain, the
town of Thnesar (in Kurukshetra, near Karnl,
Himalaya.
where there is a famous Hind shrine); a
Brahman of that class.
H than [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
Udder; teat;(prov.) breast, bubby:than-u, H thaneswar = H
than-, adj. Weaned; impoverished, thin,
stunted through lack of nourishment (a calf, thanesar = H
foal, &c.):than-dr, adj. & s.f. Having an thanewar [S. + +( )+], s.m.
udder;an animal with a large udder. Name of a class of Brahmans belonging to the
town of Thnesar (in Kurukshetra, near Karnl,
H thamb, s.m. = H where there is a famous Hind shrine); a
thambn, v.n. = H thambh, s.m. = H Brahman of that class.

thambhn, v.n. = thambh and H thanewar = H

thambhn respectively, qq.v.
thanesar = H
H thambn, v.n. = H thaneswar [S. + +( )+], s.m.
thamb, s.m. = H thambh, s.m. = H Name of a class of Brahmans belonging to the
town of Thnesar (in Kurukshetra, near Karnl,
thambhn, v.n. = thambh and where there is a famous Hind shrine); a
thambhn respectively, qq.v. Brahman of that class.

H thambh, s.m. = H thamb, H thanel [Prk. ; S.

s.m. = H thambn, v.n. = H
thambhn, v.n. = thambh and
thambhn respectively, qq.v.
H thambhn, v.n. = H
thamb, s.m. = H thambn, v.n. = H
thambh, s.m. = thambh and
thambhn respectively, qq.v.
++], s.m. Inflamed breast (of a
woman); enlargement of the breasts (from
disease, &c.);name of an animal.
H tahw = H tahw
adv. (prov.)=tah, q.v.
H tahw = H tahw
adv. (prov.)=tah, q.v.

736
H th [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. The sound H thop (see thp), s.f. Slap, buffet,
made in spitting, or an imitation of that &c. (thp, thop); a potter's, or a mason's, patter
sound;intj. (expressive of disgust, scorn, &c.) or beater; a bat (=thp).
Fie!, out!, tush!, tut!:th-th karn, v.n. To be
constantly or repeatedly spitting; to spit (on or H thopiyn, v.n. To trickle,
at, -par) in scorn, &c.; to flout or jeer with the
to fall in drops.
exclamation th; to deride, scorn, treat with
disdain:th-th hon, v.n. To be flouted or
jeered with the exclamation th; to be derided, H thot, s.m.=thoth, q.v.
scorned, &c.; to be disgraced.
H thot, adj.=thoth, q.v.
H th` [Prk. ; S. +],
s.m. A heap, mound; clod, lump (of clay); a H thotar = H thotr
mound or rude pillar of mud (used to mark the (see thoth), adj. Blunted, having the edge
boundary of a field; syn. h`). turned, blunt, dull; battered and spoiled (as the
head of a mallet, or of a bamboo, &c.), worn
H tehwr, s.m.=te`ohr, q.v. down (syn. bhothr); toothless; internally
rotten, worm-eaten, hollow, empty (as grain):
H th`a, s.m.=thhar, q.v. thotar, s.f. Worm-eaten or hollow grain.

H thotr = H thotar
H thoba = H thob
(see thoth), adj. Blunted, having the edge
[ or S. inverted+ & = Prk. or turned, blunt, dull; battered and spoiled (as the
=S. +], s.m. lit. 'Nose or snout of an head of a mallet, or of a bamboo, &c.), worn
animal'; (in contempt) mouth, muzzle, (slang) down (syn. bhothr); toothless; internally
mug (syn. thoth). rotten, worm-eaten, hollow, empty (as grain):
thotar, s.f. Worm-eaten or hollow grain.
H thob = H thoba
H thut, s.m.=thuth, q.v.
[ or S. inverted+ & = Prk. or
=S. +], s.m. lit. 'Nose or snout of an H thotl, adj.=thotr, q.v.
animal'; (in contempt) mouth, muzzle, (slang)
mug (syn. thoth). H thotn, thutn,
s.f.=thothn, q.v.
H thop [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
Covering (for the top or end of anything, cf. H thoth [S. , by invers. &
top, and op), topping, cap, mounting (as of a
change of p into th; cf. thobar], s.m. The nose or
stick, or the pole of a palanquin, &c.).
mouth (of a horse, camel, &c.); the snout (of a
hog);face, mouth (usually in contempt, and as
H thop, s.m. Slap, thump, buffet, &c. equivalent to the slang word 'mug'); hollowness,
(=thp, q.v.). emptiness (esp. such as arises from internal
decay); hollow, cavity.
H thop, s.m.=thob, q.v.
H thoth, adj. (f. -) & s.m.
H thopn [thop = Prk. ()=S. Internally decayed, worm-eaten (as grain),
hollow, empty; toothless; meaningless,
(), rt. ], v.t. To heap, pile, collect; senseless (as words); blunt, without edge or
to cover, hide; to cap, mount. point;an arrow without a head or point;
name of a medicine.
H thopn (i.q. thapn, q.v.), v.t. To
tap, pat, beat; to make (cow-dung, &c.) into H thothar = H
cakes; to clap (on, -par, as a cake on a pan, thothr adj.=thotr, q.v.;thothar, s.f.=thotar.
&c.); to plaster; to support, prop (cf. thpn,
pthn; hopn). H thothr = H
thothar adj.=thotr, q.v.;thothar, s.f.=thotar.

737
 H tho [Prk. ; S.
H thuth (i.q. thuthn), s.m. The
++], adj. (f. -) & adv. Little, small;
mouth or snout (of an animal); the mouth or
some, few; scanty, meagre, less, insufficient,
face (of a human being: see thoth).
short (of); narrow, limited; slight, trifling;
scarce, rare, uncommon;a little, slightly,
H thothl, adj.=thotr, q.v. somewhat; seldom, rarely; scarcely, little
indeed, in any way; in no wise; not a jot or tittle
H ththan, s.m. [thoth+n or n = (see tho-h):tho-bahut, adj. & adv. Some
little, more or less; about:tho-tho, adj.
Prk. or =S. + or ]. = H
Very little;tho-tho karke, adv. Little by
thothn, thuthn, s.m. = H little, by degrees; a little at a time:tho-tho
thothn, thuthn, s.f. The hon, v.n. To feel oneself very little, to be
ashamed, to shrink with shame:tho-s, adj.
mouth or snout (of an animal, as a horse, camel,
(f. tho-s) & adv. A little, a verylittle;pl.
or hog, &c).
thoe-se, A very few:tho karn, v.t. To
lessen, diminish, decrease, reduce, mitigate:
H thothn, thuthn, s.m. = tho-h, tho`, vulg. thoa`, adv. Little
H ththan, s.m. [thoth+n or n = indeed; in no part or degree, not at all, in no
wise, never:thoe-dino-se, adv Since the last
Prk. or =S. + or ]. = H
few days, of late, recently, for a short time:
thothn, thuthn, s.f. The thoe-se tho, adj. & adv. Very little; at least.
mouth or snout (of an animal, as a horse, camel,
or hog, &c). H th, tho (th, q.v.+,
fem. of e or ae, q.v.), intj. Ah!, fie!, for
H thothn, thuthn, s.f. = shame! (see thu).
H ththan, s.m. [thoth+n or n =
A tahawwo` [inf. n. v of ' to vomit,'
Prk. or =S. + or ]. = H &c.], s.m. Inclination to vomit, sickness at
thothn, thuthn, s.m. The stomach.
mouth or snout (of an animal, as a horse, camel,
or hog, &c). H thk [Prk. ; see thkn], s.m.
Spittle, saliva (cf. th); the gossamer:thk
A tahawwur [inf. n. v of ' to impel,' bilon, v.n. lit. 'To churn spittle'; to chatter
&c.], s.m. Plunging inconsiderately (into any nonsense, to talk idly:thk n, see s.v.
business); rashness, temerity, intrepidity, thkn:thk lag-kar hon, v.t. To treat
impetuosity, ardour, fury;oppression;adj. with sovereign contempt (see next):thk
Intrepid, brave, &c. lagn (-par), To apply spittle (to), (also a term
of abuse and most indecent meaning); to spit
H th`ar, s.m.=thhar, q.v. (upon, in contempt), to defeat, overcome:
thk hai, intj. Fie!, for shame!, pshaw!, pish!,
H thor, th`ar, s.m.=tor and faugh!, pooh!.
tu`ar, q.v.
H thok [S. or +],
H thor, adj. & adv.=tho, q.v. s.m. Multitude, mass, quantity; clump, heap;
body, band, company, party, community;
amount, total sum; ready money; share, portion,
H thrn [thr = S. or ] , allotment, lot; holding, tenure, local division (of
v.t. To strike, beat, injure, ruin, destroy, an estate); a subdivision in coparcenary
consume, devour. (bha`iy r) estate; a spot where three or more
boundary lines meet, junction of boundaries:
H th`a, s.m.=thhar, q.v. thok bd (-k), To form into parties or
companies, &c.; to form into lots; to fix the
limits of estates (by a native survey):thok-
H tho [Prk. ; S. ; cf. thol], bast, s.f. Fixing the limits of estates (by a native
s.m. The spathe (of a plantain tree, or of rice, survey, or preparatory to a regular scientific
&c.) before it shoots from the stem. survey), laying down and marking off
boundaries (of an estate, &c.):thok-dr, s.m.

738
The head of a company, or community; the
holder of a thok; the holder of a principa share
(in a village, who is responsible for the payment
of the revenue);a wholesale dealer; a
copyholder.
P tih, adj. Empty, void, vacant, vain:tih-
dast, adj. Empty-handed; poor:tih-dast, s.f.
Poverty, penury:tih-damg, adj. Empty-
headed, ignorant.

H thkn [thk = Prk. () H tu-hi, tu-h, pron. (emphat. of

or ()=S. or + ], v.n. To spit t), Thou, thyself; thou alone;(in Braj, dat. &
acc. of t), to thee.
(at, -me or -par), to treat with utter contempt;
to vilify, abuse:thk-den, v.t. (intens. of
thkn), To spit out; to give up (in disgust, H tha` [S. ], s.f. A mass, heap,
&c.), to leave, abandon:thk-kar n, or pile (of cakes, clothes, &c.).
thk n, v.n. To swallow one's own words,
to retract or recall a promise, to break one's A tahyt, s.m. pl. (of tahya, q.v.),
word Preparatiens, arrangements.

H thol, s.m.=tho, q.v. H thr, adj.=thir, q.v. (vulg. or

poetical).
H taha`u, adv. (Braj)=tau-bh,
q.v.s.v. tau. H thkar = H thkr
(cf. hkar), s.m. The duty of keeping the village
H tih, adj. Three; the three (=tno, watch (taken in turn by the villagers).
q.v.).
H thkr = H thkar
H tih, pron. adv. (Braj)=tihu, q.v. (cf. hkar), s.m. The duty of keeping the village
watch (taken in turn by the villagers).

H thb [S. or (with

H thegl [S. +l = Prk.
inserted)+], s.m. A lump of earth (put on
S. +], s.f. A patch, a piece (in a
the end of a lever as a balance).
garment, &c.; syn. paiwand):thegl lagn (-
me), To put a patch (in), to patch.
H thn [S. ], s.f. Pillar,
column, post, prop, the upright post over the H thail (see next), s.m. A large bag,
mouth of a well.
a sack.
H thny [thn+S. ], s.m. The
H thail [S. + = H
post which acts as a support to the hekl.
thailiy (dim.) s.f. A bag, a sack; a
H thh, s.m.=th`, q.v. purse of a thousand rupees (=to); the scrotum.

H thailiy (dim.) = H
H thhar, thohar, s.m. A
species of thorny Euphorbia, a cactus, thail [S. + s.f. A bag, a sack; a purse
Euphorbia neriifolia, or E. antiquorum (often of a thousand rupees (=to); the scrotum.
written th`ar; syn. sj; ti-dhr; and
zaqqm):ith thhar, s.m. The Euphorbia H tah (contract. of tah-h), adv.
with flat oval joints (the peculiar habitat of the
There, in that same place, exactly there; thither,
cochineal insect):an thhar, s.m. The in that very direction.
straight-jointed Euphorbia.
H thaith, theth [S.
H thawa` [S. ++], s.m. A
mason, bricklayer; builder, architect. ++], s.m. An instrument with a flat
blade and long handle used to press down
H thaharn, v.n.=thar-tharn, cakes, &c., on the pan.
q.v.

739
H thewar, thewr [S.
P taiyr, vulg. tayr (for A. taiyr,
++], s.m. Bed (of a garden); border. 'sharp, quick'), adj. Ready, alert, willing;
prepared, ready-made, finished, completed,
H thew [S. ], s.m. Setting (of complete; fully developed, plump, fat (as an
a stone); stone set in a ring. animal, &c.); in full vigour, arrived at puberty,
robust; ripened, ripe (fruit):taiyr karn or
P tahy [for A. tahyat, fem., inf. n. ii of kar-den, v.t. To make or get ready, to prepare;
' to be prepared'], s.m. Preparation, provision; to provide, arrange, put in order; to train; to
putting in order, arrangement:tahya karn (- fatten:taiyr hon, v.n. To be ready, be
k), To make preparation (for), &c. prepared; to get ready, be on the alert, &c.

P taiyar, s.f. The state of being prepared;

H the`-the`, thai-thai
(Prkrit ), s.f. Merry-making, tumultuous
mirth; music and singing, song and dance;
beating time with the foot;adv. With noisy
mirth, merrily, noisily:the`-the` karn, v.n.
To make merry, to rejoice, to caper, &c.
preparedness, readiness; preparation, getting
ready, making; arrangement; show, pomp,
splendour, magnificence; plumpness, fatness:
robustness:taiyr karn (-k), To make
preparation (for), to prepare, get ready (for),
&c.

H ta` [Prk. ; S. +; cf. S tyg, vulg. tiyg, s.m. Leaving,

tay; taw], s.f. A kind of baking-pan of iron, a
frying-pan; a griddle.
H ti [S. ], adj. Three (in comp. e.g. ti-
br, q.v.).
H t, s.f.=ty, q.v.
H te; (in Braj) the formative, or base, of
the oblique cases sing. of the pron. t = woh;
the pl. of the pron. t, q.v.:te-t (correl. to
jet;t = tak), adj. & adv. So much, that
much; so many, that many:te-hi, te-h, pron.
To him, &c. (=tis-ko);adv. There and then,
immediately, instantly.
quitting, abandoning, forsaking, deserting,
parting (from); relinquishing, renouncing;
abandonment, desertion; relinquishment,
renunciation, resignation, abdication; separation
(from), divorce; self-devotion:tyg-patra,
s.m. A writ of divorce:tyg den (-ko) = tyg
karn, q.v.:tyg-sl, adj. Disposed to give
away, generous, liberal:tyg-lat, s.f.
Generosity, liberality:tyg karn (-ko, or -k),
To abandon, give up, relinquish, &c., to
divorce; to abdicate, &c. (see tyg, and tajn).
S tygit, part. adj. & s.m. (f. -),
Left, quitted, abandoned, deserted, forsaken;
relinquished, renounced, &c. (see tyg);a
forsaken one.

H te, postpn. (old H.)=se, q.v. H tygan (see tygn), s.m.

Abandoning; abandonment, &c.=tyg, q.v.:
tygan karn (-k), To abandon, &c.=tyg
H tai [S. ], adj. (Braj), So many
karn.
(=titne):tai-ber, adv. So many times, so often.
S tygin, adj. & s.m.=tyg, q.v.
H tay, s.m.=taw; and ta`, qq.v.

H tygn [tyg, q.v.+n = an =

H tiy, ty [Prk. ; S.
Prk. =S. ], v.t. To abandon,
+], s.f. A woman; wife.
&c.=tyg karn, q.v.s.v. tyg.

H ty [Prk. =S. +], adj. & S tyg, adj. & s.m. Leaving,
s.m. Of three; all three; multiplied by three (cf. abandoning, renouncing; giving up, resigning;
tj);aggregate of three; threes; the three or sacrificing;abandoner, relinquisher,
tres (at cards or dice). renouncer (applied chiefly to one who abandons
terrestrial objects, thoughts, passions, &c.), a
S tyjya, part. adj. To be left or religious ascetic.
abandoned, requiring to be given up, suitable to
be abandoned, capable of being abandoned.

740
H tep, s.f. Basting (a garment, S taittiryak (see next), s.m. A
&c.); a running stitch; a felling, a seam hemmed follower of the Tittiri branch of the Yajur Veda.
down:tep bharn (-me), To put in running
stitches, to run, to baste; to fell a seam. S taittirya, adj. Relating to the
Tittiri branch of the Yajur Veda (as a student, a
H te-pi (te, q.v.+S. api), Braj for we teacher; a section, a text, &c.).
bh; also=tau bh, q.v.s.v. tau.
H tetik, adj. & adv. (correl. to jetik)
H tt = H tt [Prk. or = tet, q.v.s.v. te.
; S. or ], adj. Bitter
(=kaw); hot, pungent, acrid. S taitil (see titil), s.m. One of the
astronomical periods called karans;deity.
H tt = H tt [Prk. or
H t-t, s.f. A sound uttered in
; S. or ], adj. Bitter
calling fowls.
(=kaw); hot, pungent, acrid.
H teti, pron. (Braj, or old H.)=te,
H tt [S. +], adj. (local),
q.v.;adj. & adv.=ati; bahut; qq.v.
Wet, moist, damp.
H tets [Prk. ; S. ],
H te-t, adj. & adv. (correl. to je-t);
adj. Thirty-three.
see s.v. te.
H tj [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. The
H tetl [S. ++], adj.
third day of a lunar fortnight; a festival held on
& s.m. Consisting of three parts or divisions; the third day of the lunar fortnight of the month
three-storied; a three-storied house. Swan;the red-velvet insect (=br-bahu),
the lady-bird (so called, probably, because of its
H tetls [Prk. ; S. appearance in Bhdo):tj-te`ohr, s.m. A
], adj. Forty-three. festival;presents suitable on the occasion of a
festival (=tr-te`ohr).
H ttar, ttari [Prk. ; S.
S tej (rt. tij), s.m. Sharpness, pungency;
], s.m. The partridge, Perdix spirit; energy; strength, power; ardour, fire;
francolinus;the guinea-fowl, Numida wrath; splendour, glory, refulgence, awe;tej-
meleagris (called also vilyat ttar):ttar-ke pt (S. teja+patra), s.m. The leaf of the Laurus
muh lahm, Prov. 'Good fortune springs from cassia, cassia, bay-leaf:tej-mn (f. -mat), tej-
the mouth of the partridge'; great issues often vn, tej-vant (f. -vat), adj. & s.m. Sharp,
wait on the words of men of little estimation: pungent; energetic; strong; glorious, refulgent,
ban-ttar, bha-ttar, bhar-ttar (q.v.), s.m. The splendid, luminous, brilliant, awful, majestic;
sand-grouse or rock-pigeon, Pterocles fasciatus, famous, celebrated;tej-vat, s.f. The aromatic
and P. Exustus:safaid-ttar, s.m. The grey plant Pothos officinalis.
partridge, Ortygornis pondecerriana:kl
ttar, s.m. The black partridge, Francolinus H tj [Prk. ; S. +
vulgaris.
adj. & s.m. Third (in number or degree);a
third a third one; the third day after the death of
S taittir, adj. & s.m. Produced from a relation (on which oblations are offered by
partridges;a partridge (=ttar); a flock or a Mohammadans); the offerings made on this
covey of partridges. occasion.
S tejas (in comp. also tejo), s.m.
H ttr, s.f. A female partridge. Flame, fire; glow, glare; light, lustre, radiance,
brilliance, splendour, glory; beauty; dignity,
H ttr, s.f. [S. ], A consequence; strength, power (cf. tej);
violence; semen virile:tejas-kar, adj.
butterfly, &c. (=titul, q.v.).
Irradiating, illuminating; conferring strength,
power, or glory; restorative, invigorating,

741
provocative, tonic;s.m. The sun:tejo-rp, things:tr-e-k, tr-k, s.f. A light,
adj. & s.m. Whose form is light; consisting small-headed arrow:tr-urda, adj. & s.m.
wholly of splendour;the nature of light; the Struck or wounded by an arrow;one so
supreme spirit, Brahma:tejo-manth, s.m. The struck, &c.:tr-ras, s.m. The range of an
tree Premna spinosa (the friction of the wood arrow, bowshot distance:tr-zan, s.m. An
engendering flame):tejo-may, adj. Consisting archer:tr-s, adj. & adv. Dart-like; as by an
of splendour or light, shining, brilliant, arrow:tr-e-falak, s.m. The planet Mercury:
luminous, glorious; full of energy or ardour: tr-kr, s.f. The piercing of the body by an
tejo-vat, s.f. The plant Piper chaba; the arrow:tr-k-fila, s.m. The range of an
plant Scindapsus officinalis. arrow, &c. (=tr-ras, q.v.):tr karn or kar-
S tejasv = den, v.t. To put out of sight; to hide; to make
away with:tr-kash, s.m. A quiver; an
H tejas adj.=tej-mn, q.v.s.v. tej.
embrasure; an aperture, a loop-hole:tr-k
H tejas = mr, s.f.=tr-k fila, q.v.:tr-gar, s.m. A
S tejasv adj.=tej-mn, maker of arrows:tr-gar, s.f. Arrow-
making:tr lagn (-me, -ko), To be struck or
q.v.s.v. tej.
hit by an arrow (a mark or other object):tr-
H tejn, v.t. (prov.)=tyajn, or tajn, mr, s.m. A viper; a viper's teeth:tr mrn (-
q.v. ko), To strike (an object) with an arrow; to
H tyajn [S. , rt. ], v.t. shoot an arrow (at an object), &c.=tr aln,
To leave, abandon, &c.=tajn, tygn, tyg- q.v.:tr-e-nwak, s.m. An arrow discharged
karn, q.v. through a tube:tr nikln nathno-me-se (-
ke), To torture, torment, harass, persecute:
S tej-nak, s.m. A kind of
tro-se un, v.t. To do to death with
reed, Saccharum sara. arrows:thothe tro-se uan, v.t. To put to a
S tejan, vulg. tejn, s.f. The lingering death, to kill by degrees, to torture.
plant Aletris hyacinthoides. H ter [S. , rt. ], adj. Passed, spent
S tejo-manth: see (as time):ter karn, v.t. To pass, spend:ter
s.v. tejas for compounds of which tejo is first hon, v.n. To be passed or spent.
member. H ter [S. , gen. of ,
H tej-want, adj. See s.v. tej. Prk. or +r, gen. aff.], pron. (gen. sing.
H than, adj.=tksha, tkh, q.v. of t), Thy, thine:ter-mer, s.m. ter-mer,
S tr, s.m. Shore, bank; margin, brink, s.f. Angry thy-ing and -my-ing, altercation;
ter-mer karn, v.n. To squabble or dispute
edge;postpn. & adv. Near (to, -ke), close at (about a thing), to quarrel (over a thing).
hand:tra-bhukti, s.m. The province of Tirhut,
lying to the north of Bihr:tra-ja, traj, adj. ? tairk [rt. of tairn, q.v.+k;
& s.m. Growing or standing near a shore;a Prk. =S. +()], s.m. A
tree near a shore. swimmer (=pairk, q.v.).
P tr [S. ], s.f. The fourth solar month H tairk [tairk+ =
of the Persian year (corresponding to the
Hind Swan); the festival held on the third day Prk. =S. ], s.f. The art of swimming
of the lunar fortnight of the (=pairk).
month Swan (=tj):tr-te`ohr, s.m.=tj- S trth, & H. trath, s.m. A
te`ohr, q.v. bathing place, a shrine or sacred place of
P tr [Old P. tigra; Zend tighri, rt. tij = pilgrimage (as Benares, &c.; especially
S. ; S. , prob. fr. P.], s.m. An arrow;a particular spots along the course of sacred
beam, a mast;the planet Mercury (=tr-e- streams, as the Ganges, &c.); pilgrimage:
falak):tr-andz, s.m. An archer, a trath-jtr, s.m. Pilgrimage:trath-rj, trth-
bowman:tr-andz, s.f. Archery:tr-brn, pati, s.m. An epithet of Pryg or Ilhbad, the
s.m. A shower of arrows; a punishment in chief place of pilgrimage (though inferior in
which the culprit is shot with arrows:tr-ba- point of sanctity to Banras, to which latter
hadaf, adj.lit. 'An arrow to the mark'; hitting the place the Hind goes rather to die than to
mark; to the point:tr-bhl, adj. (Bot.), bathe):trth-kr, s.m. A holy personage:
Sagittate:tr-partb, s.m. The range of an trath karn (-k), To go on a pilgrimage (to).
arrow, bow-shot distance:tr-phekn, tr H traj, s.f.=terj, q.v.
aln, tr hon, v.n. To shoot an arrow;
(iron.) to do something wonderful, to do great

742
H teras [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. fortis:tez-pt, s.m.=tej-pt, q.v.s.v. tej:tez-
par, adj. Swift of wing; high-flying:tez-par,
The thirteenth day of the lunar fortnight
s.f. Swiftness of flight:tez-dast, adj. Clever-
(=tiroda).
handed, dexterous:tez-raftr, tez-rau, adj.
H terus, s.m.=te`oras, q.v. Fast-going, swift-paced, rapid, fleet:tez-
P trag (abst. subst. from tra, q.v.), s.f. rav, tez-rau`, s.f. Swiftness, fleetness,
Darkness, obscurity, gloom. speed;tez-rau` karn, v.n. To practise
P tr-mr, s.m. See s.v. tr. swiftness; to attempt speed:tez-tab`, adj.
H tairn, trn [tair or tr = Quick of apprehension, of an acute intellect or
genius:tez-`aql, tez-fahm, adj. Of quick
Prk. () or ()=S. () or (),
understanding, quick of apprehension,
rt. ], v.n. To swim; to float (syn. pairn);v.t. intelligent, acute, apt:tez-fahm, s.f.
To swim over or across; to go through, become Quickness of apprehension, intelligence,
familiar with, to master (a business, or a acumen, acuteness, aptness:tez-qadam, tez-
subject, &c.):tair-hu` hon (-me), To be gm, adj. Swift-paced, fast-going, fleet; active,
well versed (in), be familiar (with). brisk, quick:tez-gm, s.f. Swiftness,
fleetness, speed:tez-nun, adj. Sharp-
S tra (rt. ), part. Crossed, passed
nailed:tez-nazar, tez-nigh, adj. Sharp-
over; spread, expanded:tra-pad, s.f. The sighted, of keen or penetrating vision, keen-
plant Curculigo orchioides. eyed:tez-hosh, adj. Sharp-witted, sharp,
H teraw, terw, adj.=terah-w, intelligent, &c.=tez-fahm, q.v.:tez-hon, v.n.
q.v. To be sharpened, to be whetted (on, -par); to fly
P tra [Pehl. tireh; Zend, tthra, rt. tam; into a passion, become violent.
S. timira, rt. tam], adj. Obscure, dark, black: P tezak, s.m. Cress, cresses, Lepidium
tra-abr, s.m. Black clouds:tra-bat, sativum.
Unfortunate:tra-bat, s.f. Misfortune, P tez (see tez), s.f. Sharpness, keenness;
adversity:tra-dil, adj. & s.m. Ignorant, stolid, pungency, acrimony; heat, warmth; fieriness,
black-hearted, malicious;apostate, outcast: fury, anger, wrath; violence, impetuosity; force,
tra-rang, adj. Turbid, muddy-coloured; intensity; spirit, fire, fervour, ardour; quickness,
black:tra-rozgr, adj. Unfortunate:tra- acuteness, wit, intelligence; incisiveness, edge,
roz, s.f. Misfortune, adversity. point; velocity, swiftness, fleetness, speed;
scarcity, dearth; dearness, high price.
H terah [Prk. ; S. ], adj.
H ts [Prk. ; S. ], adj.
Thirteen:terah-tez, s.m. The first thirteen
days of the Arabian month Safar (held unlucky Thirty:tso-din, adv. Every day of the thirty
because Mohammad was seriously ill during (in the month), regularly every day (=`e din;
those days). used chiefly by women):tso kalm, s.m.
H terah, adj.=next, q.v. The whole thirty sections of the Qor`n; the
Qor`n.
H terahw, terhw [Prk. A tais, s.m. A he-goat; a buck; a stag.
=S. ++], adj. (f. -), H tais, adj. & adv., contrac. of next, q.v.
Thirteenth;terhaw, s.f. The thirteenth day H tais [Prk. ; S.+],
after a death (when the last of the funeral rites is pron. adj. (correl. to jais), That-like, such as
performed). that, such;adv. In that manner, in like
H terj [fr. S. rt. ], s.f. A list or manner, so; at that moment:taise, adv. In like
string of classified amounts to be added manner, thus, so.
together; the paper containing the same; an item H tsr [t = tn+sar =
in a number of items set down to be added
Prk. =S. +], adj. (f. -), Third;
together; summing up and finding the grand
total of the several amounts under one head; the s.m. A third person or party, an umpire,
grand total thus obtained; a classified list or arbitrator:tsr utr, s.m. The cube root (of a
account; a register. number):tsr ah`o, s.m. The cube (of a
P tez [Old P. tezh; Pehl. tej; Zend, tizhin, number):tsre, adv. In the third place, thirdly.
rt. tij = S. tij], adj. Sharp, keen, acute; H tesr, s.f. Thrice-ploughed land.
penetrating, piercing (glance, &c.); hot,
H taisan [Prk. ;
pungent, strong, acrid; caustic, corrosive; fiery,
passionate, impetuous, violent; swift, fleet; S. +], A dialectic form of tais, q.v.
quick, apt, intelligent, keen-witted; high-priced,
dear:tez-b, s.m. (Chem.), An acid; aqua

743
H tswn [ts, q.v.+Prk. ; acute, shrewd, witty;acuteness of intellect,
sagacity, &c.:tksha-patra, s.m. lit. 'Having
S. ++], adj. (f. -w), Thirtieth. pungent leaves'; coriander:tksha-pushpa,
H ts [S. ], s.f. Linseed; s.m. lit. 'Having a pungent flower'; cloves:
flax, Linum usitatissimum (syn. als). tkshna-phal, s.m. 'Having pungent fruit';
H taise, adv. See s.v. tais. coriander; black mustard:tksha-tail, s.m.
'Pungent oil'; the resin of the Shorea robusta;
P tesha [Zend tasha, rt. tash; S. ], s.m. resin; the milky juice of the Euphorbia lactea;
A carpenter's axe; an adze:tesha mrn (-ko), spirituous or vinous liquor:tksha-ras,
To strike with an adze; to use an adze. s.m. lit. 'Pungent liquid'; saltpetre:tksha-
P teg [Zend, tigha, rt. tij = S. ], s.f. A ska, s.m. lit. 'Having sharp awns'; barley:
tksha-karman, adj. 'Sharp in action,' active,
sword, scimitar; cutlass; dagger:teg-ba-kaf,
brisk, energetic, zealous:tksha-kaak, s.m.
adv. Sword in hand:teg-zan, adj. & s.m.
Striking with a sword; using a sword;one The thorn-apple, Datura metel:tksha-kand,
who uses a sword or scimitar, a swordsman: s.m. 'Pungent root'; the onion:tksha-gandh,
teg-zan, s.f. Use of the sword or scimitar:teg s.m. 'Having a pungent smell'; the
plant Morunga hyperanthera; the gum-
khn, v.n. To receive a sword-cut:tah-o-teg
karn, v.t. To put to the sword. olibanum tree;small cardamoms:tksha-
gandh, s.f. Name of several plants; mustard-
H teg, = P tega, s.m. A short, broad
seed; orris root; the plant Pandanus
scimitar; a broadsword;name of a trick in
odoratissimus; &c.
wrestling;a walled-up arch or other
opening:teg-bz, s.m. A sword-player; a S tkshat, s.f. =
swordsman; a hero:teg-num, s.m. A sword S tkshatva, s.m. Warmth,
like a scimitar. heat; sharpness, pungency; harshness,
P tega, = H teg, s.m. A short, broad roughness; subtlety, acuteness, keenness,
scimitar; a broadsword;name of a trick in shrewdness; fineness, &c. (cf. tez).
wrestling;a walled-up arch or other
S tkshatva, s.m. =
opening:teg-bz, s.m. A sword-player; a
swordsman; a hero:teg-num, s.m. A sword S tkshat, s.f. Warmth, heat;
like a scimitar. sharpness, pungency; harshness, roughness;
A tayaqquz [inf. n. v of ' to wake, be subtlety, acuteness, keenness, shrewdness;
watchful'], s.m. Waking, watchfulness, fineness, &c. (cf. tez).
vigilance; lucubration. H tkn, v.t. To aim at,
A tayaqqun [inf. n. v of ' to know for
&c.=tkn; takn; qq.v.
certain'], s.m. Knowing for certain,
ascertaining; ascertainment; certainty H tkr, s.f.=tkhur, q.v.
(cf. yaqn). H tkh [S. +], adj. Sharp,
H tkr, s.m.=tikr, q.v. hot, pungent, &c. (=tksha, q.v. & cf. tez);
S tyakta, vulg. tyakt, part. adj. Left, piercing, keen; bright, sparkling; comely,
graceful; piquant, smart, lively sprightly;
abandoned, forsaken, deserted; resigned,
spruce, dapper; spicy, racy; fine, shrill, high (as
relinquished, renounced; rejected, discarded,
a sound or tone);s.m. A comely or beautiful
thrown away (as useless or as reprobate);one
person:tkh, s.f. A sharp tone, a shrill or high
who is abandoned, &c.
note:tkh-bhl, adj. (Bot.), Subulate.
H tka, =
H tkhur [S. +], s.f. A starchy
H tkah, [S. +], Buttocks, substance obtained from the root of
posteriors. the Curcuma angusti folia; Indian arrowroot.
H tkah, = H tyal [S. ++], s.f. A suit of
H tka, [S. +], Buttocks, female's clothes, the three articles of a woman's
posteriors. dress (viz., the ohn, agiy, and laigh).
S tksha, vulg. tksha, adj. Sharp H tail, and tel [Prk. ; S. ],
(in all senses), hot, pungent, warm, fiery; acid; s.m. Expressed oil (prepared from sesamum,
fine, thin; ardent, zealous, active; quick, keen, mustard-seed, &c.); storax, gum, benzoin,
intelligent, shrewd, penetrating, subtle; harsh, incense:tel bn karn, v.t.=tel ahn,
rough, angry, passionate (syn. tez):tksha- q.v.:tail-pyik, s.f., tail-py, s.m., tail-pak,
buddhi, adj. & s.f. Sharp-witted, sagacious, s.m. lit. 'Oil-drinker' ; a cockroach; any oil-
drinking beetle:tail-parik, s.m. A kind of

744
sandal:tel-phal, s.m. Marriage presents, their heads and clothes;a dirty vagabond:
consisting of oil, cocoanuts, &c., sent by the taili-sl, s.f. An oil-mill:tel-k bail, s.m.
bridegroom to the bride shortly before his own An oilman's ox; (fig.) a hard-working wretch.
arrival to celebrate the marriage:tel peln, H teliy [S. +], adj. Oily,
v.n.=tel nikln, q.v.:tel-taw kl, adj. As
unctuous; dark, deep (colour);s.m. A dark
black as an oiled baking-pan; glossy black:tel
bay colour:teliy-surang, adj. & s.m. Light
ahn (-par), To anoint the head, shoulders, bay coloured (a horse);a light bay:teliy
and hands and feet of the bride and bridegroom kkrez, s.m. A deep purple colour.
with oil mixed with turmeric during the
marriage ceremony; (hence) the marriage ? tem, s.f. (m. in S.), Wetness, moisture;
ceremony above described:tail-aurik, freshness, verdure.
s.f. lit. 'Oil-stealer'; a cockroach:tail-sphaik, P tmr [S. +], s.m. Care (of),
s.m. Amber:tail-kr, s.m. Oil manufacturer, attention (to), looking (after); attendance (on
oilman (=tail):tail-kia, s.m. Oil-cake a the sick); regimen (of the sick); infirmity,
cake made of oily seed:tel lagn (-me), To sickness, indisposition; affliction, sorrow, grief;
apply oil (to), to rub oil (on), to oil, anoint: condolence, sympathy.
tel-msh utrn, v.n. To show the (his or her) A tayammum [inf. n. v of ' to betake
face in a cup of oil imbedded in pulse (to a oneself (to)'], s.m. lit. 'Betaking oneself to dust,
convalescent person, or to one returned from a to wipe the face and hands and arms therewith,
journey):tail-ml, s.f. A wick, the cotton of a for prayer'; purifying or rubbing the hands, face,
lamp:tel maln, v.n.=tel lagn, q.v.:tel and other parts of the body before prayer, with
nikln (-k), To express or to extract oil sand or dust, where water cannot be had.
(from):tel nikaln (-k), Oil to be expressed S teman, s.m. Wetting, moistening;
or extracted (from); oil or grease to exude
(from); to sweat profusely (through heat, toil, wet, damp, moisture; a sauce, condiment.
&c.). S teman, vulg. temn, s.f. A sort of
H tel [Prk. ; chimney; a fire-place.
S. ++], s.f. A small oil-pot. H ta` [Prk. or ; S. ],
postpn. (governing gen. with -ke), To, up to: (-
S tailik, s.m. Oil manufacturer,
ke ta` = ko; e.g. uske ta`i = usko; apne
oilman (=tel). ta`,=p-ko or apne-p-ko).
H tailin, telin, telan [S. H tn [Prk. ; S. ], adj.
], s.f. a woman of the tail caste; a woman Three:tn-p, s.f. lit. 'Three and five';
who prepares oil; the wife of a tel or oilman. altercation, contention, dispute, squabble;
S tailang, s.m. The country along the knavish tricks, arts, dodges:tn-p
karn, tn-p ln (-se), To dispute or quarrel
coast south of Orissa as far as Madras, the
(with); to try one's tricks (with), practise tricks
modern Carnatic.
(upon):tn-titl, s.m. The number three; an
H tailang, s.m.=tilang, q.v. odd number:tn thn, s.m. The private parts;
S tailin, and the penis:tn-terah, adj. Three and thirteen
(regarded as unlucky numbers); scattered,
H. telin, teln, s.f.=tailin or telin, dispersed, broken; distracted; ruined, destroyed;
q.v.;a wick, the cotton of a lamp (=tail- squandered, dissipated, wasted;tn-terah
ml);a kind of insect found in oil, a species karn, v.t. To scatter, disperse, &c.:tn-
of fly (used in medicine instead of the Spanish tn, tn-tn karke, adv. Three each; three at a
fly;cf. taln). time, by threes, in threes:tn arf, s.m. 'The
H tl [S. ?], s.f. A wooden or three (original) letters of la`nat`; (hence)
iron bar or wire (as of a bird-cage, &c.); the calf imprecation, abuse, scorn, censure;tn arf
(of the leg; written also til; tul). bhejn, v.n. To abuse, curse, &c.:tn-raqm
H tail, and H. tel [Prk. ; qnn, s.m. The rule of three (in Arith.):tn
kl, s.m. The past, the present, and the future;
S. ], adj. & s.m. Relating or belonging to morning, noon, and evening (=tri-kl):tn
oil, oily, &c.;a caste whose business it is to ke, tn kne, s.m. Three aces, a throw of
make or to sell oil; a member of that caste; an three with three dice, a tres:tn-kon, adj.
oil manufacturer, oil-grinder, oilman;an Three-cornered, triangular (=tikon):tn-gu,
unclean or dirty fellow:tel-tambol, s.m. s.m.=tno-gu, q.v.:tno, adj. The three, all
People of low caste:tel-rj, s.m. A class of three;s.m.=tn-thn, q.v.:tno avasth, s.f.
mendicants who beg for oil which they apply to The three periods of human life, viz. childhood,

745
manhood, and old age:tno bhavan, s.m. S tvar, s.m. A hunter, one who lives
The three worlds, &c.=tri-lok, q.v.:tno by killing and selling game;a fisherman, one
da, s.f.=tno avasth:tno dukh, s.m. The who lives by catching and selling fish.
three kinds of trouble or suffering, viz. Daitik or
H tewar [Prk. & S. ], s.m.
that occasioned by the body;Bhavatik or that
which arises from existence or contact with the Darkness before the eyes, swimming in the
world; and Daivik or that which comes from head, giddiness, vertigo fainting;peculiar
Providence (as calamity, &c.):tno de`ot, appearance or expression of the eyes; eye; lock,
s.m. The Three persons of the Hind triad, viz. aspect, expression, countenance, physiogamy;
Brahm, Vishnu, and iva:tno rin, s.m. The the brow:tewar badaln. v.n. To change
three kinds of human obligations, i.e. devar or countenance, to change colour; to change
(one's) conduct (towards), to turn away (one's)
the obligations of a worshipper to deity; pitri-
regard or affection:tewar bigan, v.n. To
rin or the obligation of ancestors to posterity;
undergo a change of expression or countenance,
and rishi-rin or the obligation owing to
to change (one's) expression in death.
the rishis:tno kl, s.m.=tn kl andtri-kl,
qq.v.:tno gu, s.m. The three qualities or H tewrn or te`orn [tewar,
constituents of nature and every existing thing q.v.+ = w = Prk. or =S. caus.
(viz. sattva, rajas, and tamas, see tri-
increment;+n = Prk. =S. ], v.n. To
gu and gu):tno lok, s.m.=tno bhavan,
and tri-lok, q.v. have a swimming in the head, to be giddy, to be
faint; to stagger:te`or-kar gir-pan, v.n. To
H te, postp. (prov.)=te, or se, q.v.
fall down senseless or in a swoon.
H te, tai, postp. (prov.)=ta`, q.v. S tvrat, s.f. =
H te, ti, pron. A dialectic form of t, S tvratva, s.m. Violence,
'thou.' sharpness, pungency, heat, &c. (see tvra).
H tetls, taitls, S tvratva, s.m. =
adj.=tetls, q.v.
S tvrat, s.f. Violence, sharpness,
H tets, taits, adj.=tets,
pungency, heat, &c. (see tvra).
q.v.
H te`oras [S. +], s.m. The
H tend [S.
], s.m. The
third year past or to come; the year before last;
resinous fruit of the tree Diospyros the year after next.
embryopteris, or D. glutinosa.
S tvra, adj. & adv. Strong, severe,
tedu`, tedw [S. ,
H
violent, inteuse, fierce, ardent, impetuous;
rt. ++], s.m. (f. -), A large species of sharp, keen, acute, pungent; warm, hot,
leopard or panther, Felis leopardus. burning; flashing; much, exceeding, excessive;
H tnani = H tinahu (loc. endless, boundless;excessively, much,
boundlessly, &c.:tvra-vedan, s.f. Excessive
& prov.) = H tni = pain, agony, the torments of damnation.
H tni`u (Braj) adj.=tno, H te`orh, s.f.=te`or, q.v.
q.v.s.v. tn. S tvar, prov. s.f. A hunter's wife; a
H tinahu = H tnani = fisherman's wife.
H tni = H tni`u (loc. & H te`or, prov. te`r,
prov.) adj.=tno, q.v.s.v. tn. and te`ur [tewar,
H tni = H tnani = q.v.+Prk. ;=S. ], s.f. A contracted brow,
H tinahu = H tni`u (loc. a frown, scowl:te`or badaln, v.n.=te`or
& prov.) (Braj) adj.=tno, q.v.s.v. tn. ahn, v.n. To raise or to knit the brow, to
H tni`u = H tnani = frown:te`or ahn, v.n. The brow to be knit,
a frown to come on:te`or-me bal ln,
H tinahu = H tni (loc. & v.n. To contract or knit the brow, &c.=te`or
prov.) adj.=tno, q.v.s.v. tn. ahn.
H te`, te`u, pron. (Braj) emphatic H te`o, s.f.=te`or, q.v.
form of te, q.v. (common in poetry). H te`o [S. +], s.f. The
plant Convolvulus turpethum, or Ipoma
turpethum.

746
H twan [S. ], s.m. Sauce, H te`s [Prk. ; S. ],
condiment, relish. adj. Twenty-three.
S tevan, s.m. Play, sport, pastime; a
garden, pleasure-garden, play-ground. H tyal, s.f.= tyal, q.v.
H tyo, tyau, ty [Prk.
H tiya, s.f.=tiy, q.v.
or loc. sing. of ,
and , , , ; S. ], adv. (correl. H tya [S. ], s.m. A mound, a
to jyo), Thus, so, then, in like manner, like, as; boundary mark (cf. th`, and thh):tya-
band, s.f. Marking a boundary, fixing boundary
then, at the same time, forthwith:tyo-
marks.
h, tyo-h, adv. (emphatic), Just so, in that
very manner; just then, there and then, &c.

H tyodh, tyaudh;
prov. te`odh [S. ,
or +], adj. (f. -), Dim-sighted,
purblind (syn. rat-audhiy).
H te`ohr [S. +], s.m. alphabet, and the eleventh consonant of the
A holiday, a festival (cf. tehwr and itwr).
H te`ohr, adj. & s.f. Relating
or pertaining to a festival;a present made at a
festival.
H tiya, tya, s.f.=tiy, q.v.
H teh, = H teh, [Prk. (with cerebral class of letters in the Ngar alphabet.
euphonic h); S. ], s.m. Anger, wrath,
passion, rage, vehemence of anger; speaking
with warmth, vehemence of manner,
peremptoriness, imperiousness; perseverance,
steadfastness.
H teh, = H teh, [Prk. (with
euphonic h); S. ], s.m. Anger, wrath,
passion, rage, vehemence of anger; speaking
with warmth, vehemence of manner,
peremptoriness, imperiousness; perseverance,
steadfastness.
H tehr, adj.=tehr, q.v.; cf. to rummage; to trifle; to find out and repair
also tih.
H tehro, pron.=ter (an old and
poetio form).
H tehar, s.f. A kind of ornament worn
by women round the ankles.
H tehr [Prk. ; a framework covered with net or muslin placed
S. +++], adj. (f. -), Threefold,
triplicate, &c.= tehr, q.v.:tehr-parl,
adj. (Bot.) Tripinnate:tehr-tipattiy, adj.
(Bot.) Triternate.
P taih, s.m. A small partridge;adj. (in
Pers.) Empty.
H te-h, adv. Exactly then, &c. (see
s.v. te).
H a: The fifth letter of the Hindstn
Ngar,the first letter of the third or cerebral
class. Its sound resembles that of t in true; but it
is properly pronounced by pressing the tip of
the tongue against the palate instead of the roots
of the teeth:a-kr, s.m. The letter or the
sound :a-varg, vulg. a-barg, s.m. The
H bar (i.q. bar, q.v.), s.m. A
small lake, a pond, tank, pool (cf. abbar;
abr);a hut, cottage (cf. p, pr);
family, household (cf. tabr).
H p (i.q. thp, q.v.), s.f. Hoof (of a
horse); stroke (of a horse's forefoot), pawing;
sound (of a horse's hoof, or of beating, &c.),
tramp (of a horse); tap, whack; patting,
stroking, feeling (cf. thp);a bamboo frame
for catching fish (=p):p--o` (or p--
o`iy) karn, v.n. To feel about (for), to grope,
(leaks in a thatched roof):p mrn, v.n. To
paw or beat the ground (a horse), &c.=pn,
q.v.
H p, s.m. A bell-shaped covering of
bamboo-work for placing over fowls; a hen-
coop; a bamboo frame for catching fish (=p);
over a cradle; a framework cover generally
(with or without any external covering; and,
locally, anything with such a cover, as a hut, a
boat or raft, &c.; also a covering of cloth, &c.;
cf. ap).
H pr [p+r = Prk. =S.
+], s.m. A thatched house, a hut, &c. (see
p).

747
 H pn (i.q. thpn, q.v.), v.n. To H l (v.n. of ln, q.v.), s.f. Passing
paw or beat the ground (a horse); to beat the over, going beyond (a fixed time); putting off,
feet on the ground, to stamp (in impatience, or deferring; evasion, subterfuge, shuffling,
pain, or despair, &c.), to be impatient, restless, prevarication, chicane; putting or turning aside,
or agitated; to tramp about;v.t. To leap or putting out of the way, deterring; rejecting (a
spring over (a wall, &c.), to scale (=apn). request);a turn or trick in wrestling;
baldness from age):l-ol, l-mal, lam-
H p, s.m. An island; a shoal (=ar). ol, almaol, s.m. Postponement;
disappointment, evasion, &c.=l:lam-ol
H [S. ; or ; cf. a], s.f. karn, v.n. To practise delay, to put off; to
Sackcloth, canvass; a mat; the piece of sacking practise evasion or subterfuge; to temporize; to
or carpet on which a banker sits;the green shuffle, prevaricate, &c. (see ln).
pod of chick-pea or 'gram': ulan, v.n.
'The (banker's or merchant's) to be turned H l [S. ], s.f. A small bell
over'; (fig.) to become bankrupt:-bf, s.m.
(attached to the neck of an ox, or a cow, or an
A weaver of canvass or sacking:-bf, adj.
elephant).
Embroidered, worked with gold or silver
(shoes);s.f. Embroidery; a shoe worked with
gold or silver (syn. tr-bf, of which it is said H l, s.m. A stack, &c.=l, q.v.
to be a corruption).
H ak, adj.=ak, q.v. H l, s.m. Putting off, postponement;
evasion, &c.=l, q.v.:l-bl, s.m., l-
H ak [S. ], s.m. Juggling; a ol, s.f.=l:l-bl batn (-ko), To
charm (=ok). make excuses; to evade, shuffle, &c.=lam-ol
karn, q.v.s.v. l.
H , s.f.=a, q.v.
H ln [l = S. (), rt. ],
v.t. To pass over, go beyond, exceed (a fixed
H n (cf. k), s.f. A pin; a note time); to put off, defer, postpone; to reject (a
or memorandum. request); to elude by subterfuge, to evade,
prevaricate; to avoid; to put or turn aside, to put
H r, s.f.=l, q.v. or turn (one) out of the way, to deter, frighten
away; to remove, avert, ward off, fend, obviate,
H rn, v.t.=ln, q.v. prevent:l-den, v.t. intens. of &=ln.

H l [S. +], s.f. A small bell

H r (v.n. from rn), s.f. Distance,
(=l); a half-rupee piece (in brokers' cant).
remoteness, interval (syn. antar; tafwut).
H mak, s.f.=amk, q.v.
H , s.f. A small axe, a hatchet.

H nn, v.t. See nn.

H khn, s.m. The ankle=akhn,
q.v.
H [S. ; cf. ], s.f. The
H l [S. ?], s.f. A station crown of the head; (contemptuously) the pate,
skull.
or place for storing wood, grain, grass, and the
like, and where it is sold; a store of wood, grain,
chaff, &c.; a stack (of wood), heap (of grain, H , = H h, [S.
&c.), a rick:l karn (-k), To set up a l or +; cf. ], adj. (f. -), Well-knit,
store of wood, &c.; to make a stack, heap, or compact, stout, strong, powerful, sturdy; firm,
rick (of):l mrn (-k), To heap up, to solid; stiff, hard.
heap;to turn the scale fraudulently (in
weighing), to give the beam a twist (and thus H h, = H , [S.
diminish the true weight).
+; cf. ], adj. (f. -), Well-knit,
compact, stout, strong, powerful, sturdy; firm,
solid; stiff, hard.

748
 rivet; a stitch; part, portion, share; the parts of a
H h` [h +` = Prk. bow;assessment; appraisement, valuation.
=S. +], s.f. Compactness, closeness,
H k [Prk. ; S. +],
stoutness, sturdiness, solidity, firmness,
s.m. A pin, a rivet; a stitch; a join; solder; a
stiffness, hardness.
needle-full of thread (or as much as would be
used in one sewing);a tub made of stones:
H [S. ], adj. & s.m. Cross- k bharn, k phern (-me), To put a
grained, perverse, &c.=, q.v.;moving stitch (in), pass a stitch (through):k den,
crookedly or tortuously; moving round in a k lagn (-me), To put a stitch, or a rivet,
circle, hovering (a bird);perversity, perverse &c. (in); see ke lagn:ke udhan (-
tricks; troublesomeness, annoyance: ke), Stitches to come open or undone; rivets or
karn, ln (-se), To practise perverse or fastenings to become loosened; (fig.) to be
annoying tricks (with), to annoy, to endeavour unhinged, be undone, ruined, or destroyed:
to get up a quarrel (with). ke khuln (-ke), Stitches to open out or be
undone; (fig.) to have one's secrets, or designs,
H [, q.v. + = Prk. &c. exposed or betrayed:ke lagn (-
=S. +], adj. Cross-grained, perverse, me), To put some stitches (in), to stitch (a
garment, or a wound, &c.); to rivet; to solder; to
froward, troublesome; moving tortuously to join.
obtain an end; audacious.
S kar, s.m. A blackguard, lecher,
H n (see ), v.n. To move
libertine.
crookedly or tortuously; to fly round in a circle,
to hover (as a bird); to practise tortuosity, or
deceit, or wheedling, &c. (with), to cajole, H kan, s.f.=k, q.v.
wheedle, inveigle.
H kn [k = Prk. () or
H [S. ], s.f. (m.?), A ()=S. () or (), rt. ],
scaffolding (in a field of corn, &c. on which a v.t. To join, fasten, tie; to stitch; to cobble; to
person keeps watch when the grain is ripe to rivet; to solder; to cement; to tack (on or to), to
frighten away birds and other animals), a raised append attach, annex; to make a note or
seat, stage, platform; a projecting sheif (in a memorandum of; to record, enter, pen;to
wall). swallow, gulp down, eat up;k-jn,
Idem:k-den, v.t. intens. of, and=kn.
H [S. ], s.f. An ornament
worn on the upper arm, a kind of armlet. H kan, s.f.=ak, q.v.

H [S. +], s.m. A train or H kh, s.m. An underground

line (of cattle, &c.); a caravan (of merchants); reservoir for water, a tank.
the goods of a banjr, q.v.; a venture (of
goods); baggage, equipage; household
furniture:, v.n. Baggage, &c. to be H k [Prk.; S. +],
loaded or packed; to set out (on a journey); to s.f. A stone-cutter's chisel, a chisel; a tooth (as
depart (this life), to die. of a saw), a notch, jag; a dent, hollow, small
hole, pit; a small piece cut or scooped out (as of
H , s.f.=, q.v. a melon, &c. to examine the quality); a venereal
chancre or shanker:k bajn (-k),
'Builder's chisel to sound or to be busy,' a
H , = H , s.f. building or structure to be in course of erection.
(prov.)=, and , qq.v.
H g [S. ], s.f. The leg (from
H , = H , s.f. the hip to the foot); a share (=k); a fourth
(prov.)=, and , qq.v. part, a quarter (in the language of brokers):
tg uhn, v.n. 'To raise the leg'; to
H k [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A copulate:g an or a-den (-me), To
weight of four mshs;s.f. An iron pin; a step in obtrusively, to interfere (in),

749
intermeddle:g-bal, s.m. 'Leg force or allowance:ibh`o den (-ko), To give (one) a
twist'; a trick in wrestling:g-tale-se small daily allowance (=ibhn).
nikaln (-k), To pass under the legs (of); to
funk, to fail; to forfeit; to submit, yield:g H abhak, s.f. Sound of (water, &c.)
den (-ko), 'To give the leg' (to); to invite, or to dropping; dropping; beat, throb, pulsation, &c.
yield to, the embraces (of a lover); to be a
(=apak, q.v.).
catamite:g len (-k), To seize or lay hold
of the leg (a dog, &c.):ge rah-jn, v.n.

H ubhak (see ubak), s.f. Sound of
The legs to give way or fail; to have gout in the
legs. guggling or gurgling, gurgle.

H gr, s.f. prop. ang, q.v. H abhakn, v.n. To drop; to

throb, &c.=apakn, q.v.
H gan, s.m. A hill pony.
H ap (i.q. thp, q.v.), s.m. Covering,
H gn [fr. S. ], v.t. To hang cover, the upper part or fly (of a tent); the hood
(of a carriage, &c.); sound of dropping (as of
up by a string, to hang up, dangle, suspend: rain, &c.); dropping, patter, drop (of rain,
g-den, v.t. intens. of and=gn. &c.);spring, leap, bound:ap--ap, ap-
ap, adv. With a sound like that of a dropping
H ghan, s.m.=gan, q.v. liquid; drop-drop, patter-patter; in continuous
drops, in a shower (as rain, tears, bullets, &c.);
H g [S. +], s.f. A hatchet one after another, continuously, successively.
(=).
H ap, s.m. (local), An island in a river
H nn, v.t. To pull, &c. (=tnn, (cf. p).
the proper form).
H app [for thapp = thp, q.v.+S. ],
H yar [S. +; or , rt. s.m. Spring, leap, jump (in measure); bound,
range (of a ball, bullet, &c.); distance,
], s.m. = H tyar, `er, s.f. A intervening space, interval (cf. pall); a long
horse; a hack. stitch (in sewing); a relay, post (of k-bearers,
post-runners, &c.); station for relays, post-
H tyar, `er, s.f. = H station, stage, halting or resting-place; a post
office; a raft, a catamaran (cf. p); a mode (in
yar [S. +; or , rt. ], s.m. A
music); a kind of hook; a small tract or division
horse; a hack. of country (smaller than a pargana, and
consisting, generally, of a large town with
H ibb [S. , or +], s.m. villages and lands dependent;app ln (-
A height, rising ground, hill (=l); a sand- me), To put in long stitches, to use long
bank, a shoal (in the sea). stitches, to baste:app khn, v.n. To bound
or ricochet (a ball):app mrn, v.n. To
H abbar, s.m. Family, household bound; to make a long jump, take a long leap;
to skip (in reading), to read in a desultory way;
(=bar, q.v.).
to baste (=app ln).
H ibba, s.m.=ibb, q.v.
H ap-o`, app-o`,
H ibhn [tibh = S. (), rt. s.m. = H ap-o`, app-
+=w=Prk. or =S. caus. o`, s.f. (from apn and o-n), Feeling (for),
increment] v.t. To give out in driblets; to make groping, passing the hand over (=p-o`,
(one) a small daily allowance (to subsist on); to q.v.s.v. p).
excite desire, or cupidity (=lla den).
H ap-o`, app-o`,
H ibh`o [base of ibhn+w = s.f. = H ap-o`,
P.=S. ()], s.m. A small daily app-o`, s.m. (from apn and o-

750
n), Feeling (for), groping, passing the hand H apk`o [rt. of apkn+w =
over (=p-o`, q.v.s.v. p).
Prk. =S. ()], s.m. Dripping;
H appl [app, q.v.+S. ], distillation.
s.m. (dialec.) A post-station; post-office; post,
mail; a relay (of runners, &c.):appl-wl, H apakn (see apak), v.n. To drop
s.m. A runner, letter-carrier, postman (=appl; (as a liquid, or as ripe fruit); to drip, dribble,
k-wl). distil, exude, leak; to beat, throb, palpitate; to
ache, pain (cf. tapakn):apak-pan, v.n. To
drip; to drop off or down (as ripe fruit, &c.).
H appl, s.m. A letter-carrier,
postman (=appl-wl).
H apk [apak, q.v.+ = Prk. =S.

H apn (caus. of apn), v.t. To ], s.f. Friskiness, skittishness:apk pan

cause to jump or leap over; to cause to bound, (-k), To become frisky or skittish, to become
&c. wanton (a woman).

H upn (caus. of opn), v.t. To H ippan [S. ], s.f. Annotation,
cause to be covered, to have (a thing, &c.) gloss, commentary (=k).
buried.
H apn (see ap), v.n. To cover, to
H apapn (see ap & ap-ap), superpose; to put the hand (upon), pass the hand
v.n. To drop continually, to drip. (over); to top, mount; to copulate, couple, pair
(as birds, &c.); to jump (over or across), to
vault; to jump about, be skittish, to frisk,
H ippas, s.m. Firm footing; ground,
gambol:ap-pan (-ko), To spring or vault
foundation; claim;adherence, union, alliance, (over), to leap or jump (over or across); to jump
coalition;conceit, pride, haughtiness, down (-me, upon, or in the midst of); (fig.) to
arrogance (=hasak):ippas jamn, ippas thrust oneself (into the concerns of another), to
lagn, v.n. To obtain a firm footing; to lay a intermeddle, interfere:ap-jn (-ko), To leap
foundation; to secure the interest (of); to put in over or across.
a word for oneself; to make out a claim.
S ippan, s.f. Annotation,
H apak [ap, q.v.+S. ], s.f. Sound of
commentary, &c. (=ippan).
dropping (of a liquid, &c.); dropping, dripping;
drop; beat, pulsation, throbbing, throb, pain:
apak-navs, s.m. One who reports erroneously H ipor, s.m. (dialec.) Vaunting,
what he pretends to have overheard. boasting; boast (cf. ippas, and p):ipor
karn, v.n. To vaunt, boast.
H apk [apak+S. ], s.m.
H appa, s.m.= app, q.v.
Continuous dropping, dripping; a drop (of rain,
&c., cf. ipk); fruit falling when ripe
(particularly mangoes), a windfall:apk- H a [S. +], s.m. A large
apk, s.f. Continuous dropping, dripping, bamboo or wickerwork frame; a matted shutter;
trickle; a continuous dropping or falling off (as a screen; a lurking or hiding place:a
of fruit, or customers, or of men or animals lagn (-me ), To be enclosed, to be surrounded;
under epidemic or murrain):apke-k, adj. to be thronged or crowded (a door or shop).
Dropped, ripe (fruit):apk lagn (-k), To
drip; to become leaky, to leak. H an, [fr. S. , rt. ], v.n.
(prov.) To be dried;to pain, ache (the body or
H ipk, s.m. A drop; a spot; a stain limbs).
(of any colour applied by the finger); the focus
of a burning glass; (cf. apk, and k). S iibh, s.m. The bird Parra
jacana or goensis (see ahr).
H apkn (caus. of apakn), v.t.
To cause to drop or drip, to distil.

751
H a-pjiy [S. faster):ikr-par lagn (-k), To come at a
call or sign (from), to be at the beck or call (of);
++; or , q.v.+pujika], s.m. A to be domesticated or tame.
merchant or trader of small capital or stock-in-
trade, a petty merchant; a merchant in reduced H aakn, v.n.=hihakn, q.v.
circumstances, a bankrupt;adj. Of small
capital or stock-in-trade, of small means;
bankrupt (trader or merchant).
H auniy, s.f. (local)=awn,
q.v.
H aan (see an), v.n. To
pain or ache intensely or much (the limbs or ; S. (rt. ) +
H a [Prk.
body). + ], s.m. An undersized horse, a pony.

H irn, v.t.=ikrn, q.v.

H awn [a+S. aff. ],
H aar, s.m.=a and haar, qq.v. s.f. A pony mare.

H atol (v.n. from next), s.f. Feeling,

ur- = H
H
touching, touch; groping; searching, search.
u- (Onomat.) s.m. The cooing of

a dove;adv. Alone, all forlorn. H aoln, v.t. To pass (the hand or

fingers) over, to feel, touch; to feel for, grope
u- = H
H for; to examine, test, or try by feeling (cf.
ur- (Onomat.) s.m. The cooing of aohn, and ohn).

a dove;adv. Alone, all forlorn.

H aolw, adv. By the feel; by
S aar, s.f. A joke, jest; a lie;a guess.
kettledrum.
H aon = H aohn
H air, s.f.=ihr, q.v. v.t.=aoln, q.v.

H a, a [, q.v.+ = H aohn = H aon

v.t.=aoln, q.v.
Prk. =S.+], s.f. The crown of the
head.
H iihr = H iihy
s.f.=ihr, q.v.
H a (see a), s.f. A fence, a
hedge.
H iihy = H iihr
H ak [S. ], adj. (f. -), s.f.=ihr, q.v.
Fresh, new, recent.
H ahiy (i.q. thl, q.v.), s.f. A flat

H uk, s.m.=ok, q.v. metal dish or plate used by Hinds (cf
haher).
H ikr [ onomat.+S. ], H a [S. +], s.f. A frame-
s.m. Urging on an animal by clacking the work of bamboo (used for illumination, or as a
tongue (see ikr). support for a vine or other creeper, or to form
an enclosure, &c.); a matted frame (for a door
H ikrn, v.t. To urge on an or window); a screen; a fence; a hiding place; a
animal by clacking the tongue. necessary office, privy, latrine (such being
usually enclosed by matted bamboo frames);
H ikr, s.f. The clacking of a bandhn (-k), To be drawn up or formed
in close rank (men): a jn, v.n. To go to the
the tongue by placing it on the roof of the
mouth and drawing it sharply forward (a sound necessary, to go to the rear, to perform a
made to urge horses, &c., to proceed or to move function of nature:a-k o baihn, v.n. To

752
sit behind a screen; to do (anything) secretly; to
form an ambuscade:a-k o (or -me) H tiibh, s.m.=iibh, q.v.
shikr kheln, v.n. To hunt or shoot from
behind a screen:a lagn (-me), To put
up a screen or shutter; to screen; to enclose, to H i (dim. of i, q.v.), s.f. A
fence:angr-k a, s.f. A vinery:as- locust (=):i-dal, s.m. A host or cloud
as-k a, or as-k a, s.f. A bamboo of locusts.
frame covered with the fragrant Andropogon
grass (it is placed in a door-way and kept H ar [S.; or inverted], s.f. Shout,
constantly wet with the view of cooling the air yell, scream, cry, croak (of a frog), chatter,
as it enters the house):shikr-k a, s.f. A clatter, clack (cf. ar-ar); shout of joy,
screen used by sportsman to conceal themselves rejoicing; a crane;rudeness, roughness,
in approaching game; a screen or cover behind insolence, &c. (=arr-pan);adj. Senseless,
which anything can be done in secrecy. stupid, dull; inattentive, regardless (like one
intoxicated); intoxicated.
H aiy (dim. of a), s.f. A small
screen; a small matted shutter, &c. (see a). H arr [the preceding+S. ], adj.
Addicted to chattering or to answering; harsh,
H ar, s.f.=ihr, q.v. surly, rude, saucy, pert, insolent, audacious;
stubborn, obstinate, unruly; wicked, vicious (as
a horse); stout, strong, sturdy.
H ihr, ahr, s.m. = H
ihr, ahr, s.f. [S. H arr-pan [arr+Prk. =S.
+ + and ], The sand-piper, (Vedic. )], s.m. Harshness, rudeness,
Tringa goensis; the pewit or lapwing, Tringa sauciness, impudence, insolence; refractoriness,
vanellus;a kind of rattle (a child's toy): stubbornness, &c.
kah ahr -se smn thabeg or thm-
j`eg, 'Will the sky ever be supported by the
H arrn [tarr+ = w = Prk.
sand-piper?' (said of a person who undertakes
an enterprise far above his strength: the sand- or =S. +n = Prk. =S. ],
piper is fabled to sleep with its legs upwards, as v.n. To mutter, murmur, grumble; to chatter,
if to prop the firmament). clatter, clack, croak, caw, scream, &c.; to be
saucy, impudent, or insolent, &c.
H ihr, ahr, s.f. = H
ihr, ahr, s.m. [S. H ar-ar (ar redupl.) s.f. Muttering,
murmuring, grumbling; chattering, chatter,
+ + and ], The sand-piper,
clack, cackle, caw, &c.; sauciness, rudeness,
Tringa goensis; the pewit or lapwing, Tringa insolence:ar-ar karn, v.n.=arrn.
vanellus;a kind of rattle (a child's toy):
H ar-arn, v.n.=arrn, q.v.
kah ahr -se smn thabeg or thm-
j`eg, 'Will the sky ever be supported by the
sand-piper?' (said of a person who undertakes H arar, s.f.=arar, q.v.
an enterprise far above his strength: the sand-
piper is fabled to sleep with its legs upwards, as H aral, s.f. A contemptuous
if to prop the firmament).
epithet for a woman; an old jade; a low-priced
trull, a drab.

H u [Prk. ; S. +],
adj. & s.m. Light, worthless, insignificant; low, H arkn (dialec.), v.t. To put
mean, base;a low or mean fellow; a rake, a
blackguard (cf. lu). off, &c.=ln, q.v.

H an [S. + or +], s.m. H arn, v.n.=aln, q.v.

The ankle-joint, the ankle (=akn; akhn).
H arr [rt. of arrn+ = Prk.
H i [S. + +; lit. 'Having three =S. ()+], s.m. lit. 'Croaker,' a frog; a
supports or joints' in each foot], s.m. A child's toy from which a croak (like a frog's)
grasshopper (cf. i). issues.

753
 H ak [Prk. ; S. ], A
H irend, s.m. corr. of tirend, copper coin equal to two pice (pais); two pice;
q.v. two pie (p`); (local) a rupee; money,
wealth:ak-bhar, adj. lit. 'As much as a
H asar [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A ak'; a little:ak-b, s.m. lit. 'Money and
coarse kind of silk (=tasar). betel leaf or pn'; dues paid on the occasion of
betrothals and marriages (usually to the
proprietor in possession, or to sub-proprietors
H asar-masar, s.f. (colloq.),
of estates):ak-s jawb, s.m. A ready, pert,
Hesitation, delay. or plain answer; a point-blank refusal:ak-s
jn, s.f. A sole individual life without relations
H asak [S. + ], s.f. Shooting or or dependants:ake dha lagn, v.t. To sell
throbbing pain, dart, throb, stitch (syn. asak; cheap:ake-wl, s.f. A cheap trull.
s).
H ik-ray (ik, rt. of ikn,
H askn (caus. of asakn), v.t. q.v.+ray), s.m. Halting-place, resting-place,
To cause to move, to move, shake, stir; to cause caravansary.
to throb or pain;v.n. To shoot or throb with
pain (=asakn). H ikn (caus. of ikn, q.v.), v.t.
To cause to stop, stay, remain, or last, &c.; to
H asakn [tasak, q.v.+n = Prk. stop, detain, check; to retain; to fix (in or on a
=S. ], v.n. To move, shake, stir; to place), to station, encamp; to put (one) up,
lodge, billet; to apply, lay on, give (a blow or
shoot, dart, throb (with pain), to feel pain;to
slap, &c.):ik-den, v.t. intens. of
decline (in quality), to abate.
and=ikn.

H usakn, (dialec.)
H ikn (from ikn), s.f. A prop
asakn [usak = S. + ; but cf. hasak], To for the support of the shafts or pole of a carriage
cry, weep silently or quietly, to sob (=husakn; (cf. tek).
hinakn).
H ik` [ik, rt. of ikn +, Prk.
H asan (see hs), s.f. Bursting (as of =S. ()], adj. Stationary, fixed, firm,
anything too full, or stretched, or tight), stable, durable, lasting.
splitting, cracking; breach, split, dispute,
contention, strife.
H ik`o [rt. of ikn+`o = Prk.
H asn, v.n. To burst, as anything =S. ()], s.m. Stability, permanence,
too tight, &c.), to split, crack; to part, be durability, firmness; residence, abode.
sundered, become estranged or unfriendly.
H ak` (from ak), s.f. A tax,
H aswe, s.m. pl. Tears; false or duty, collection, imposition; a cheap trull
hypocritical tears. (=ake-wl).

H ak, s.f. Sight, look, gaze, stare, &c. H ika (corr. from the English), s.f.
(=tak and tk, q.v.); temper, nature, disposition A ticket (railway, &c.), a postage-stamp; a
(in these senses probably akin to S. sth):ak- visiting card; a pass, passport; a label; a
-ak, adv. With fixed or intent look, with badge:ika-asp, ika-dr, adj. Stamped
steadfast gaze:ak bdhn, and ak lagn, (a letter).
see s.v. tak or tk.
H ak-ak, s.f. Rapping, rap,
H uk [Prk. ; S. , cf. k], adj. &c.=hak-hak, q.v. (cf. tak-tak).
& adv. A little; a little while:uk-s, uk-ek,
adj. & s.m. A little, very little;a little bit; a H ak-ak, s.m.=ak-ak, q.v.
little way.

754
H akakn, v.t.=hakhakn, confront, contend (with):akkar mrn, v.n.
q.v. To knock (against), (met. from the suppliant's
striking his head against the ground) to pray; to
curse; to butt; to vie (with), to rival, emulate; to
H ikik, akak [fr. S. contend (against), to oppose; to strive,
redupl. or ak redupl.], s.f. Fixed look, endeavour, use effort or exertion; to try in vain,
steadfast gaze, stare (=tak, tk, q.v.):akak exert one-self uselessly:barbar-ke akkar-
(or ikik) bdhn or lagn (-par), To regard k, adj. Equally good, equal.
with a fixed look, to gaze steadfastly (at), to
stare (at); to stand or continue gazing or
H
ukar, = H ukr, See
peeping (at):akak lagn, v.n. To remain uka and uk.
staring or wide open (the eyes).

H ukr, = H ukar, See
H ikik (ik-ik, imit. of the uka and uk.
sound uttered by the animal), s.f. The common
house-lizard (of India). H akrn (fr. akkar), v.t. To
knock (a body) against (another), to bring into
H ikik [fr. S. collision; to knock together the heads of two
redupl.+], s.f. A small triangular frame, a people; to butt; to dash together; to dash against
triangle; a tripod. (syn. akkar khiln);v.n. To knock (against),
&c. (=akkar khn, q.v.); to go along
H ikah, ikh [S. + +], stumbling, to grope in a dark place or
passage:akr-jn, v.n.=akrn.
s.f. A three-footed stool; a small three-legged
table, a teapoy.
H ikr, s.f.=ik, q.v.
H ik, s.f. contrac. of ikik, 'stare,'
q.v. H ikar, s.f. A kind of soil which is
irretentive of moisture.
S akka-de, s.m. The pot-herb
Chenopodium album. H akka, s.f. corr. of akkar, q.v.

H akkar [S. +ar = Prk. =S. H ikka, s.m. (f.?) A thick cake of
+], s.f. Striking or knocking (against), bread (cf. ik, ikl).
running (against), collision, impact; pushing,
push, jostling; butting, the knocking of head
H
uka (in comp.) = H
against head; shock, concussion, blow, knock; uk [Prk. ; S. ++], s.m. A
damage, loss; encounter, rencontre; piece, bit, morsel, scrap, &c.; a part, portion,
competition, rivalry; equality, resemblance, division, fraction, section, paragraph, clause; a
comparison; rival, antagonist, match, equal: bit of bread; subsistence, livelihood:uka-
akkar pah-se len, v.n. To enter the lists or, s.m. One who lives on or who devours
against an adversary of greatly superior force scraps or leavings; one who sponges; a
(see akkar len):akkar jheln, v.n. To dependant:uka-gad, s.m. One who begs
suffer a blow, meet a shock, endure hardship,
for scraps or morsels of food, a beggar:uk
trials, &c., to bear up against loss, calamity,
den (-ko), To give a scrap or morsel of bread
&c.; to stand aghast:akkar (or akkare) or food (to); to allot in small shares, to dole
khn (-se), To knock, strike, run, or bump
out:uke uke karn or kar-aln (-ko), To
(against), to come into collision (with); to
break, tear, pull, or cut to pieces; to hack, chop
stumble; to be dashed (against); to fight or
up, make mince-meat (of); to cut to pieces; to
contend (with); to vie (with); to meet with a
analyze:uke karn or kar-ln (-ko), To
loss or misfortune:akkar khiln, v.t. To
break or divide into pieces; to divide, apportion,
knock or dash against, &c.=akrn, q.v.:
parcel out:d-k uk, shafaq-k ukr,
akkar larn (-se), To butt; to vie (with), s.m. A beautiful or lovely creature.
&c.=akkar khn and akkar mrn:akkar
lagn (-se), To knock (against), &c.=akkar
khn:akkar len (-se), To encounter,

755

H uk [Prk. ; S. coined in, a mint; of true ring or value; true,
genuine, real; sound; pure, chaste, current
++], = H uka (in comp.) (speech);an officer of the mint, mint-master;
s.m. A piece, bit, morsel, scrap, &c.; a part, coiner in a mint.
portion, division, fraction, section, paragraph,
clause; a bit of bread; subsistence, livelihood: H aksliy, s.m.=aksl, q.v.
uka-or, s.m. One who lives on or who
devours scraps or leavings; one who sponges; a
dependant:uka-gad, s.m. One who begs H ikl [S. +], s.f. A small
for scraps or morsels of food, a beggar:uk round cake, a wafer; an ornament worn on the
den (-ko), To give a scrap or morsel of bread forehead, a spangle (cf. ipk, k); a small
or food (to); to allot in small shares, to dole round piece of metal (to close a hole, &c.).
out:uke uke karn or kar-aln (-ko), To
break, tear, pull, or cut to pieces; to hack, chop H akn (i.q. akn, q.v.), v.n. To be
up, make mince-meat (of); to cut to pieces; to stitched; to be studded with gems or
analyze:uke karn or kar-ln (-ko), To embroidery, to be embellished or adorned.
break or divide into pieces; to divide, apportion,
parcel out:d-k uk, shafaq-k ukr, H akn, v.t.=takn or tkn, q.v.
s.m. A beautiful or lovely creature.

H ik, s.f. Spreading hog-weed, H akn [S. + or +], s.m.

Boerhavia procumbens or diffusa. The ankle (=an).
H ik, s.f.=ikl, q.v.
H ikn (fr. the trans. ekn, q.v.),
v.n. To stop, stay, remain, tarry; to halt, put up,

H uk [Prk. ; S.
lodge, abide; to be detained; to stick fast (in); to
++], s.f. A small piece, &c.; a small last, endure, continue:ik-rahn, v.n.=ikn.
pane of glass; a piece of cloth.

H ukn [S. +n = r; cf. okr],

H uk [S. ++; but cf. A kind of small basket (used for grain, &c.).
uk above], s.f. A party, band, troop; a
division or corps (of an army); a flock (of H ak`, s.m.=taku`, q.v.
birds).

H ukwn (caus. of okn), v.t.
H ikas, vulg. ikkas (corr. from the
To cause to be challenged, to have (one)
Eng.), s.m. A tax, toll, duty, income-tax, house- interrogated; to have (one) taken to task, &c.
tax. (see okn).

H aksr, s.f. corr. of next, q.v. H akor, ikor, s.m. A hot

cloth applied to an afflicted part; a cataplasm,
H aksl [S. +], s.f. A poultice.
mint, assay office:aksl-bhar, adj. & s.m.
Not bearing the mint stamp (coin); unidiomatic, H akor, s.f. = H akor,
unchaste, obsolete, barbarous (words, &c.);
s.m. [S. +++], A fillip, tap; the
uneducated, unpolished, rude;coin not
stamped at a mint; &c.:aksl arhn (-par), sound of a drum; the treble end of the Moorish
To bear the mint stamp; to be educated or kettle-drum (cf. akr, ankor).
polished; to be void of shame, to be brazen-
faced:aksl-k ph, aksl-k kho, adj. H akor, s.m. = H akor,
lit. 'Broken or spoiled in the mint'; spoiled or s.f. [S. +++], A fillip, tap; the
mutilated in the birth; spoiled or corrupted in
sound of a drum; the treble end of the Moorish
the parents' home, or in early training, &c.;
base-born; ill-bred, badly trained or educated. kettle-drum (cf. akr, ankor).

H aksl [aksl+ = Prk. H ikor, ikaur,

akor, s.m. A small unripe mango (syn. kair).
=S. ], adj. & s.m. Of or pertaining to, or

756
H akorn (see akor), v.t. To S a-gan, s.m. A combination of six
foment. short syllables.

H akaun, s.m.=ak, q.v. H aghrn (caus. of agharn),

v.t. To cause to move to and fro; to rub (with
H akhn, s.m.=an, akn, qq.v. oil, &c.); to cause to roll, to roll; to cause to
flow.
H akhy`, s.f. A cheap trull
H agharn [aghar = S. , or
(=ak`, q.v.).
+], v.n. To move or walk to and fro
H ak, s.f.=tk; ak, akak, q.v. (=ahaln), to roam, stroll; to roll; to flow; (cf.
ag; agar; agarn; ahal and ahaln).
H ikk, iki (i.q. ikl, q.v.), s.f.
H aghln, v.t.=aghrn, q.v.
A small cake of bread; livelihood, scanty means
of subsistence; (fig.) interest, influence
(=lagg):ikk lagn, v.n. To place cakes (in H ighln (caus. of ighaln),
an oven, or on a baking-pan), to bake bread; to v.t. To melt, to dissolve (=pighln).
earn a scanty livelihood; to make interest, form
a connexion. H aghaln, v.n.=agharn, q.v.

H ikiy, s.f. A small cake of bread,

H ighaln, aghaln, (cf.
a wafer (=ikk); a small cake of charcoal for a
agharn and pighaln), v.n. To be fused or
uqqa; a bolus. melted, to melt, dissolve; to rarefy.

H akait, aket = H H all, s.m. Impetus sive succussus in

akait, aketa [S. +Prk.
==S. ], adj. & s.m.
Possessing ready money, moneyed, rich,
wealthy:a moneyed man, rich man (syn.
shkr):akait-and, akait-r`e, s.m. A
moneyed man (com. as a nickname).
H akait, aketa = H cause to move or give way or flinch, to move
akait, aket [S. +Prk.
==S. ], adj. & s.m.
Possessing ready money, moneyed, rich,
wealthy:a moneyed man, rich man (syn.
shkr):akait-and, akait-r`e, s.m. A
moneyed man (com. as a nickname).
coitu; sonitus collisionis in coitu, congressus:
alle-navs, s.f. lit. 'Registering the number of
impetuses described above'; vain, frivolous, or
unprofitable employment, a wasting or frittering
away of time, idling, dawdling.
H aln (caus. of aln), v.t. To
out of the way, to remove; to put out of the
way, cause to disappear, to conceal; to put off,
evade; to pass in idleness, to beguile (time;cf.
ln):al-den, v.t. intens. of and=aln.
H alap, s.f. Bit, piece, morsel,
fragment, chip, paring.

H agar [Prk. ; S. +], s.m.

H ulakn (see hulakn), v.n.
Borax;wanton play or sport; wandering of the (dialec.) To drop (as fruit, &c.); to move with
mind, confusion, bewilderment, perplexity. tottering or feeble steps, to totter.

H agr [S. +], adj. (f. -), H almaln [almal = S.

Squint-eyed. redupl.], v.n. To totter;v.t. To excite cupidity
or longing in, to tantalize.
H agrn (caus. of agarn),
v.t.=aghrn, q.v. H aln [al = S. (), rt. ; cf.
ln], v.n. To move, stir; to be displaced, be
H agarn, v.n.=agharn, q.v. dislocated (as a bone, &c.); to give way, to
shrink, flinch; to retire, make off, get out of the

757
way, sheer off, decamp, disappear, vanish; to
pass off, pass over, pass by or away (as a fixed
H unn [S. +], s.m. A stump,
time or season for anything, or a danger or
stalk, stem; a button, knob; a nipple; the clitoris.
evil); to be evaded or shirked; to fail of
observance, to withdraw, draw back or out (of a
promise or agreement, &c.):al-jn, v.n. H ann (caus. of ann), v.t. To
intens. of and=aln. extend, stretch, pull, tighten (=tnn).

H alu`, alw [l, q.v.+S. H an [S. +, rt. ], s.m.

], s.m. The man who watches over a l or
store of wood, &c.; the owner of a l.
H ilu`, ilw, s.m. A small
knotted piece of wood.
Wrangling, altercation, noisy squabble or
quarrel, brawl, row:ane-bz, adj. & s.m.
Quarrelsome;a quarrelsome person, a
brawler.
H un, s.m.=un.

H ilu`, s.m. A flatterer, wheedler, H anl, s.m. Quarrel, &c.=an,

cajoler. q.v.:anl-mr, adj. & s.m. Quarrelsome;a
quarrelsome person (=ane-bz).
H iliy [l, q.v.+S. ], s.f. A
small fowl, a young hen, a pullet; (contempt.) a un-un, an-an, s.f. See
H
fat young woman.
s.v. an.
H imk, s.f.=m-imk; m-m;
unun, s.m.=unn, q.v.
H
qq.v.

H anann,
H am-am (see amk), s.f. A small
timbrel or drum, a tom-tom; the sound of a ununn [fr. S. redupl.], v.t. To sound or
drum or tom-tom. ring (a bell, &c.); to tune (an instrument).

H im-im (see next), s.m. Soft or H unj, adj. Very little (quantity); very
gentle rain, drizzle; a soft sound; a sound. small (size), diminutive, tiny, stumpy:unj
lan, v.t. To stake a very small amount, to
H imimn [fr. S. gamble with very little; to win by degrees.
redupl.], v.n. To give a faint light, to glimmer,
to twinkle, to flicker, to be at the last gasp. H an [S. ; cf. tang], adj. Miserly,
hard, untractable.
H imimha [fr. the
preceding;ha = wa = Prk. H un, adj.=unj, q.v.
+=S. ()++], s.f. Faint light,
glimmer, twinkle, flicker. un [S. ], s.m. A hand or branch
H
H amk, s.f. A small timbrel or that has been cut off; stump of a branch, or arm,
drum (made of iron, wood, or clay); a small &c.
circular plate of brass or mixed metal, a gong.
H in [S. +
], s.m. (dialec.) A
H an [S. ], s.m. Twang; sound kind of vegetable, Diospyros melanoxylon.
(com. han):an-an, s.f. Imitative sound,
ding-dong, &c. (=han-han).
H un [S. ], adj. & s.m. (f. -),
Handless, born without hands, having the hands
H an [S. ; cf. n-n], s.m. cut off;a person who is without hands or
arms (whether maimed or born so); one whose
Haughtiness, pride, conceit, vanity.
hands are useless, a lazy fellow, one who won't
work;the knob in the back part of a turban:
H an, ann, s.m. Pudendum une-dr, adj. & s.m. Having a knob in the
muliebre; clitoris.

758
back part (a turban);a turban which has a H akor (see akar), s.f. Twang,
knob in the hinder part.
sound (of a bow):akor den (-ko), To
twang.

H un [S. +], s.f. The
navel; stump of an arm, the upper or lower arm H akorn (i.q. akrn), v.n.
exclusive of the hands (but app. only used in
To twang.
this sense in the foll. comp.):uniy
bdhn, uniy ahn, tuniy kasn (-
k), To tie the hands behind the back; to S ang, s.m. Borax (=ank).
handcuff:uniy badhn, v.n. To have the
hands tied behind the back; to be handcuffed. H ag, s.f. A leg (=g, q.v.).

H uniyn, v.t. To tie the H ang [g, q.v.+Prk. =S.
hands behind the back (=uniy bdhn). +], adj. Having legs, legged (used chiefly
in comp.);s.m. A large reedy kind of grass,
H aner, s.m. corr. of tirend, q.v.
Saccharum procrum (it grows on high ground,
and is usually as high as a man's legs, whence
H anail, anel [S. its name):ek-ang, adj. One-legged; lame:
+], s.m. The commander or head of a du-ang, adj. & s.m. Two-legged;a biped.
n or body of men (as workmen, lascars,
labourers, &c.). H ug, s.m. A scut, a short tail (cf.
un).
H anak [S. + ], s.f. A harsh
sound; jingle, tinkle, ring (of metal, china, &c.); H ungr, s.f. Plucking (fruit, &c.);
throb, beat, shooting pain; spirit, mettle. pecking; nibbling; picking (food); piddling.

H ank, s.m. A weight equal to four H ungrn, v.t. To pluck (fruit,

mshs; a sword, scimitar; a sacrificial knife; a
hatchet; a stone-cutter's chisel; a spade, hoe;
borax; a slope; a kind of elephant-apple or
wood-apple; a weight of silver put for a coin:
ank-pati, s.m. A mint-master:ank-l, s.f.
A mint.
&c.); to peck, to nibble; to pick, piddle, eat
squeamishly or with distate; to gather up (the
dress).
H agr (dim. of g), s.f. A
small axe.

H ank [anak+S. ], s.m. Jingle, H agn (caus. of gn), v.t.

clink, ring (of plates, dishes, &c.=anak, q.v.). To cause to be hung up; to hang up
(=ngn);ag-den, v.t. intens. of
H ankr [S. +; or ], and=agn.
s.f. The twang (of a bow-string); sound;
howling; surprise, wonder; fame, notoriety. H ag`o [from agn;`o =
Prk. =S. ()], s.m. Hanging,
H ankrn, v.n. To sound; to
suspension (=lak`o).
strike (as a clock or gong); to shudder (?).
H agr = H ag
S anknak, s.m. The mulberry,
Morus indica. [ag, q.v.+r = Prk. =S. +], s.f.
Leg; thigh.
H akn [ak = Prk. (); S.
H ag = H agr
(), rt. ], v.n. To be stitched (=akn,
q.v.). [ag, q.v.+r = Prk. =S. +], s.f.
Leg; thigh.

759
H agn (fr. the trans. gn), v.n. cover, head, or cap (of a thing); a thimble; a
drop; bait; a long stitch (such as is used in
To hang, to be hung, to be suspended; to rear (a
basting or tacking, cf. app).
horse):ang-jn, v.n. To be hung up,
&c.=angn.
H op, = H op, s.m. A
S angin, s.f. The plant Clypea covering for the head; a cornered cap (lined
with cotton) which covers the ears and the back
hernandifolia.
of the head; a kind of hood; a hat, helmet;
cover, head, or cap (of a thing); a thimble; a
H agwn (caus. of gn), drop; bait; a long stitch (such as is used in
v.t.=angn, q.v. basting or tacking, cf. app).

H ann, v.n.=tann, q.v. H opn, v.t. To cover with earth, to

bury; to set (a tree or cutting), to plant; to sow

H
unh, s.m. = H with the hand; to hang, suspend; to baste, to
tack (in which sense it is connected with thp,

unhy, s.m. = H unh`, s.f. See q.v.).
onh and onh`.
H op (dim. of op), s.f. A hat, cap;

H
unhy, s.m. = H cap (of a gun); cover or cap (as of a telescope,

unh, s.m. = H unh`, s.f. See &c.); head or top (of a thing):op-wl, s.m.
onh and onh`. One who wears a hat; a European, (also, in
former times, a Persian or a Mogul soldier); an
animal with a comb, or a crest, &c.

H
unh`, s.f. = H unh,

s.m. = H unhy, s.m. See onh H (see -n), s.f. Breaking; break,
and onh`. fracture; breach, severance, misunderstanding,
coolness (between friends); harm, loss;
H u`iy, adj. Very small, tiny (cf. deficiency, scarcity, failure; an omission in the
unj):u`iy tot, s.m. A small species of text of a book supplied in the margin:-
parrot; a paroquet. ph, s.m. Pieces, fragments; tatters:-hon
(-k), Failure or deficiency to arise (in).
H o`, s.m. The act of feeling or
[S. +, or perf. part. of
H
groping; touch (syn. aol):o`-o` karn (-
ko), To feel (for), grope (for), search (for): -n], part. adj. (f. -), Broken, cracked,
o`-o`, s.f. Feeling (for), groping, searching damaged; shattered, demolished; crumpled;
(for, by touch). decayed;s.m. Loss; failure, deficiency:
-ph, adj. Broken to pieces, demolished;
broken, cracked, damaged;s.m. Pieces,
H o``, s.f.=o`, and o`-o`, fragments.
q.v.
H o [S. +], s.m. Loss, damage,
H ob, s.m. A long stitch (=app; injury, detriment; deficiency, scarcity, lack;a
op; op). hollow tube of bamboo; a cartridge; a cracker or
squib (straight); a candle-end:o uhn,
H obn, v.t.=opn, q.v. v.n. To suffer loss, to lose, to sustain injury or
damage:o bharn (-k), To make good a
H op [S. ], s.m. A Buddhist loss or damage, &c.; to make restitution, pay
compensation, to indemnify, to refund:o-
monument (a kind of tumulus erected over bhar`, s.f. Making good a loss, &c., paying
sacred relics of the great Buddha, or on spots compensation; compensation, indemnification,
consecrated as the scenes of his acts).
restitution:o pan, v.n. A loss to befall; to
suffer or incur loss; to fail (=o uhn):
H op, = H op, s.m. A o den (-ko) = o bharn, q.v.:o
covering for the head; a cornered cap (lined sahn, v.n.=o uhn:o hon, v.n.=o
with cotton) which covers the ears and the back pan.
of the head; a kind of hood; a hat, helmet;

760
H or = H o [S.
H or, s.m. A kind of anklet with bells
++], s.m. A kind of turtle-dove;the
refuse of bhang (in this sense prob. related to S. (worn by women and children; cf. to).
trui; cf. o).
H or, s.m.=o, q.v.
H o = H or [S.
S a-varg, s.m. See s.v. a.
++], s.m. A kind of turtle-dove;the
refuse of bhang (in this sense prob. related to S.
trui; cf. o). H o [S. -, caus. of +],
s.m. A ledge (without pillars) extending out
S oak (cf. S. troaka), s.m. A kind from a wall (to keep off the weather); eaves;
battens of a roof.
of metre consisting of four lines of twelve
syllables each.
H o [S. ], s.f. The name of a
H ok [S. +], s.m. A charm, rgin or musical mode.
spell, an amulet, a philter, a superstitious
remedy (cf. ak; syn. afsn). s, s.m. Shoot, sprout; the fruit of
H
the k or Asclepias gigantea; the root of kua

H an (see next), s.f. An omission in grass (bh).
the text of a book supplied in the margin (=).
s, s.f. An unblown flower, a bud.
H

H n[ = Prk. (), or
H k [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A
(); S. (), rt. ], v.n. To be broken,

small piece, a bit, a little, a particle, an atom

fractured, cracked, damaged, &c.; to be
severed, sundered, dissolved (as a partnership);
to break, snap in two, burst, fail (as a bank, or
as a supply), to fall short, be deficient or scarce;
to fall into arrears, be unrealized; to break out,
fall out, befall, happen; to break loose, break
forth, break in (upon, -por), rush in, make a
rush (upon), fall (upon), attack, charge, assault
(in these senses the more usual form is -
pan); to fall in torrents (as rain), be poured
forth, be rained or showered copiously; to be
lavish (of money, &c.), to spend lavishly or
freely; to be lost, spent; to be ruined, be reduced
to proverty; to feel pains in the bones or joints;
to pine; to fall ill; to become weak or infirm, to
break up (in these senses -jn is the more from experience.
common form):-pan (-par), To be
collected in crowds; to break or rush in (upon),
&c., see n:-jn, v.n. (intens.) See
n, at the beginning and towards the end:
-rahn, v.n. To be weary, to pine away; to
suffer pains in the bones; to be separated (from,
-se); to be distressed, be reduced to poverty:
-ke girn, v.n. To fall in torrents (as rain, (f. -), Questioned, challenged; investigated,
&c.), to be poured out or forth lavishly or
copiously (as bounties, &c.).
(see uk):k-k karn, v.t. To break to
pieces, &c.=uk-uk karn, q.v.s.v. uk:
k-s, adj. & s.m. A little;a small piece
(=tho-s):do k jawb, s.m. An outspoken
answer, the plain truth, a decisive answer, a flat
refusal:do k karn, v.t. To break or divide
in two; to settle, decide.
? ok (fr. okn, q.v.),, s.f. Questioning,
interrogating; challenge; check, prevention,
hindrance, obstruction; parole, watchword; the
influence of an evil eye:ok-k, ok-ok,
s.f. Hindrance, prevention (=rok-ok):ok-kar
boln, v.n. To speak after due inquiry, to speak
k [Prk. ; S. +],
H
s.m. A small piece, &c.=k, q.v.;a single
beat of a drum.
H ok (perf. part. of okn), part. adj.
tried, proved;ok-paa, s.m. A sound lease;
a permanent lease.

, s.f. Loss, injury; failure,

H H okr, [Prk. ; S.
discomfiture (=). ++], s.m. A large basket (without a
lid, originally circular, and covered with
H o, s.f.=o, q.v. leather); a wicker ferry-boat covered and sewn
over with leather, a coracle;a lost game or

761
defeat at pas:okre-par-k hth rahn, v.n.
lit. 'To remain with the hand on the basket'; to
H mn [fr. S. ], v.t. To push
narrowly escape shame, exposure, or dishonour
gently, to jog, nudge:m-den, v.t. intens. of
(the expression originates in the idea of a host
and=mn.
asking his guest to partake of more food, and
discovering, luckily after the guest has declined,
that the provision basket is empty):okr H , s.m. Ventris crepitus: karn,
den (-ko), To defeat (one) at a game (esp. at v.n. Crepitum ventris edere.
the game of pas).
H on, aun [S. +], s.m.
H okr [Prk. ; Charm, spell, enchantment (cf. ok),
S.++], s.f. A small basket (without a necromancy, magic, witchcraft; fascination; a
lid). marriage song:one ulan (-ke), To nullify
or ward off enchantments or spells:one-bz,
s.m. An enchanter, magician, necromancer,
H okn [ok = S. (), rt.
wizard, conjurer, juggler (=onh):on-
], v.t. To question, interrogate, challenge, man, s.m.=on-n, s.f. Charms and spells;
accost;to sound, test, prove;to check, stop, hocus-pocus, juggling.
hinder, prevent, obstruct; to take exception to,
to object to, call in question; to censure, H on, v.t.=ohn, q.v.
blame;to envy; to regard with an evil eye.
H o [S. ], s.f. The beak or bill
H okn, s.m. = H okn,
of a bird (=o):o badhn, v.n. lit. 'To
s.f. (i.q. okr; okr), A large brass vessel (for become like a bill'; to become rigid, be
water); a cauldron. benumbed or cramped.

H okn, s.f. = H okn, H o, s.m.=o, q.v.;adj.

s.m. (i.q. okr; okr), A large brass vessel (for
water); a cauldron.
H l (corr. from the English), s.m.
Twill, twilled cloth.
Handless.
H ot [S. +], s.f. A spout:
o-dr, o-wl, adj. Having a spout;
o-wl lo, s.m. An ewer.

H ol, s.m. Sperm, seed; offspring, brat, H od [S. ], s.f. The navel.
spawn.
H , o [S. ], s.f.
H ol, s.m. A group, band, body,
The navel; a small branch (broken at the end
company; a society; a hamlet;a knock, stroke, and leafless), stump of a branch; stump of an
buffet:ol mrn, v.t. To knock or dash (one arm.
thing against another).
H aus, os, s.f.=taus, q.v.
H ol, s.m. A quarter or district of a
town; a part of a town inhabited by men of one
H ok [S. +], s.f. lit. 'A beak or
class, sect, or trade;a set (of anything), a
complete assortment;a piece of rock, a stone, bill'; point (of a weapon, tool, pen, &c.); end,
a large pebble; a knock, stroke. extremity, limit, extreme (of a building, or a
town or village, or a strip of land, &c.).
H ol, s.f. A band, body, &c. (=ol); a
H ok, s.f.=ok, and hog, qq.v.
quarter of a town, &c. (=ol); a heavy stone.

m, s.f. (m.?) A trinket, ornament,

H H ng, s.f. Pecking, &c.=ugr,
jewels; trifles; any new and pretty thing, q.v.:g-g, s.f. Pecking and nibbling.
anything curious and striking;a fine woman, H og, s.f. Point; end, &c.=ok, q.v.
a belle;intestines, offal;a frame for pigeons
to perch on:m-m, s.m. Trinkets; trifles. H gn, v.t.=grn, q.v.

762
 cut; design, scheme, device, plan; arrangement,
H onw, s.m. Charm, &c. adjustment; posture, attitude; preparation,
provision; furniture, effects, goods; requisites,
(=on);a species of hawk.
conveniences (syn. smn; lawzim); adorning,
decoration, illumination; state, pomp,
H onh, aunh [S. ], splendour, magnificence; retinue, equipage;
or ], s.m. One who casts spells, a concourse, crowd, multitude; plenty,
necromancer, sorcerer, wizard, magician, abundance:hh badaln, v.n. To change
conjurer, juggler; one who professes to cure posture or attitude (as a wrestler, &c.).
diseases by means of charms or superstitious
remedies. H hh, s.m. Hump (of an Indian
bull).
H onh`, s.f. Enchantress,
sorceress, witch, female conjurer, &c. (see H hr [Prk. ; see hrhn], s.m.
onh). Determination; snow, frost.

H oh, s.f. Feeling (for), feeling, H h = H h = H

touching; touch; searching, search:oh-oh- hh = H hh [Prk. and
ke, adv. By dint of searching, by carefully
searching (=hh-hh-ke):oh lagn ; S. and +], adj. (f. -),
(-k), To take up the trace (of), to track, to Fixed, stationary; standing, erect; steep,
search (for), to find out. precipitous, perpendicular.

H ohn, v.t. To feel for, to feel, H h = H h = H

touch, handle; to grope for, search for; to trace, hh = H hh [Prk. and
hunt for (=hhn).
; S. and +], adj. (f. -),
Fixed, stationary; standing, erect; steep,
H ohn, s.m.=onh, q.v.
precipitous, perpendicular.

H o`, s.f. A joint of a reed (for a pen). H hh = H h = H

h = H hh [Prk. and

H u`iy, adj.=u`iy, q.v.
; S. and +], adj. (f. -),
Fixed, stationary; standing, erect; steep,
H ha: The twelfth consonant of the
precipitous, perpendicular.
Ngar alphabet, and aspirate of the letter :
ha-kr, s.m. The letter or sound h. H hh = H h = H

H h, s.m. A loud sound, sound made by h = H hh [Prk. and

one thing striking against another. ; S. and +], adj. (f. -),
Fixed, stationary; standing, erect; steep,
H h [S. +], s.m. Place, position, precipitous, perpendicular.
station (=sthn, and used chiefly in comp.); (in
Mus.) andante. H hhn [hh = =S.
, p.p.p. of rt. ], v.n. To be fixed or
H h, s.m.=hh, q.v. stationary; to stop, stay (=haharn); to stand
up, be erect.
H har, s.m. A frame of bamboo;
&c.=hahar, and a, qq.v.:har-band, H hhau, adj. (Braj)=hh, q.v.
s.f. Frame-work (for illumination, &c.).
H hs, adj.=hos, and has, qq.v.
H hh (see hahr; and hahn),
s.m. The frame of a roof (on which the thatch is H hsn (i.q. hsn),
laid); frame-work, skeleton (cf. a and
v.t.=hosn, q.v.
hahar); frame, form, shape, fashion, mould,

763
 idle'; unemployed, out of employment;
H hkur [S. ], s.m. An idol, a unoccupied, disengaged, at leisure:hl
deity; the Supreme God; a lord, master, chief phirn, v.n. To wander about idly, to saunter
(among certain castes of Rjpts); a feudal about:hl hon, v.n. To be unemployed, be
noble of Rjputn; the head of a tribe or idle; to be disengaged, to be at leisure.
village; a landholder; a person of rank or
authority, one entitled to reverence or respect; H hl (dim. of hl), s.f. A small
an honorific title after the name of a branch; a sprig, spray.
distinguished person (in Bengal, written
Tgore); a title of respect, Sir, Master, Your H hm, s.m.f. = H hm
Worship; an honorific form of address for a
barber (cf. alfa, 'a tailor'):hkur-bp, s.m. (poet.), s.m. = H hm, s.f. = H
A grandfather:hkur-b, s.f. An idol- h, s.m.f. =hw or h`o, q.v.
temple:hkur-j, s.m. A name for the Deity
(among Bairgs); a title of respect:hkur-
H hm (poet.), s.m. = H
dwr, s.m. An idol-temple (=hkur-b):
hkur-sew, s.f. lit. 'The service of an idol'; a hm, s.m.f. = H hm, s.f. = H
grant of revenue for the support of an idol- h, s.m.f. =hw or h`o, q.v.
temple:hkur-m, s.f. A grandmother.
H hm, s.f. = H hm,
H hkurn, s.f.=hkur`in,
q.v. s.m.f. = H hm (poet.), s.m. = H
h, s.m.f. =hw or h`o, q.v.
H hkur`, [` = Prk.
=S. +], s.f. The rank or office of H h, s.m.f. = H hm, s.m.f.
hkur; lordship; the office of a barber (cf. = H hm (poet.), s.m. = H
hakur`, hukr`). hm, s.f. =hw or h`o, q.v.

H hkur`in, H h [S. ], s.f. Sound, report,

hakuryan (`in = S. ), s.f. A goddess; a ring, reverberation, echo:h-th, th`e-
hkur's wife or daughter; a lady; a title of h`en (pl.), s.f. Reports, echoes.
respect, Madam; a barber's wife.
H hn [S. ], = H hn
H hl (see hl), s.f. The state of [S. ], s.m. A place for tying up an
being out of employment; freedom from
animal, a stall:hn-band, hne band, adj.
occupation, disengagedness; leisure; exemption
That is ever in the stall or stable (a horse,
from labour, holiday.
bullock, &c.):hn-band, hne-band, s.f.
Confinement to the stall or stable (of a beast).
H hl, = H hl, s.m. A
leafy branch (esp. one lopped off; cf. l). H hn [S. ], = H
hn [S. ], s.m. A place for tying up an
H hl, = H hl, s.m. A
animal, a stall:hn-band, hne band, adj.
leafy branch (esp. one lopped off; cf. l).
That is ever in the stall or stable (a horse,
bullock, &c.):hn-band, hne-band, s.f.
H hl = H hl (i.q. Confinement to the stall or stable (of a beast).
h, q.v.), adj. & adv. lit. 'Standing still or
idle'; unemployed, out of employment; H hh, s.m. Sound, report (of a
unoccupied, disengaged, at leisure:hl
gun, cf. h);adj. Worthy of belief, trusty
phirn, v.n. To wander about idly, to saunter
(vulgar).
about:hl hon, v.n. To be unemployed, be
idle; to be disengaged, to be at leisure.
H hs perf. part. of next), s.m.
H hl = H hl (i.q. That which is inserted or stuffed in; stuffing;
wadding (of a gun, &c.).
h, q.v.), adj. & adv. lit. 'Standing still or

764
H hsn [ths = Prk. place to place; in different places; here and
there.
()=S. (), rt. ], v.t. To make hard
or firm; to fill full, to stuff, cram, ram or cram H h`o, s.m.f. = H hw,
down; to insert, introduce, thrust in, drive in (cf.
hsn). h`o, s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = H
h`, s.f. = H hw, h`o, s.m.f.
H hnn (fr. hn, q.v.), v.t. To fix = H h`, s.f. = H h`, s.f.
or settle (in the mind), to resolve, determine on;
to be intent on, set the heart upon; to perform. [Prk. , or , or , or ; S. , or
], Place, locality, situation, station,
H hw, h`o, s.m.f. = H residence: h`o-h`o, adv. From place
h`, s.f. = H h`, s.f. = H to place; in different places; here and there.

hw, h`o, s.m.f. = H h`o,

H h`, s.f. = H hw,
s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = H
h`o, s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = H
h`, s.f. [Prk. , or , or , or ; S.
h`, s.f. = H hw, h`o, s.m.f.
, or ], Place, locality, situation,
= H h`o, s.m.f. = H
station, residence: h`o-h`o, adv. From
place to place; in different places; here and h`, s.f. [Prk. , or , or , or ; S.
there. , or ], Place, locality, situation,
station, residence: h`o-h`o, adv. From
H h`, s.f. = H hw, place to place; in different places; here and
h`o, s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = H there.

hw, h`o, s.m.f. = H

H h`, s.f. = H hw,
h`o, s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = H h`o, s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = H
h`, s.f. [Prk. , or , or , or
h`, s.f. = H hw, h`o, s.m.f.
; S. , or ], Place, locality,
= H h`o, s.m.f. = H
situation, station, residence: h`o-h`o,
adv. From place to place; in different places; h`, s.f. [Prk. , or , or , or ; S.
here and there. , or ], Place, locality, situation,
station, residence: h`o-h`o, adv. From
H h`, s.f. = H hw, place to place; in different places; here and
h`o, s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = H there.

hw, h`o, s.m.f. = H h`o,

H hhar, s.f.=hahar, q.v.
s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = H
h`, s.f. [Prk. , or , or , or ; S. H happ [Prk. ; see thp and
, or ], Place, locality, situation, app], s.m. An instrument for stamping with, a
stamp, die, printing-type, fount; impression;
station, residence: h`o-h`o, adv. From
printing; a mark or impression made with the
place to place; in different places; here and
hand or the paw; a mould or form (into which
there.
plates of metal, &c. are beaten to be formed
into ornaments); broad silver lace:happ
H hw, h`o, s.m.f. = H den (-ko) = happ karn:happ sabt karn
hw, h`o, s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = (-par), To stamp, make an impression (on), to
H h`, s.f. = H h`o, impress;happ karn, v.t. To stamp,
impress; to pat or clap (a cake of cow-dung,
s.m.f. = H h`, s.f. = H &c.) against a wall.
h`, s.f. [Prk. , or , or , or ; S.
H hapn (i.q. thpn), v.t. To strike,
, or ], Place, locality, situation,
beat; to pat or clap (a cake of cow-dung, &c.
station, residence: h`o-h`o, adv. From

765
against a wall); to stamp, impress (=happ matter, child's play:hahe-bz, adj. & s.m.
karn). Jocular, facetious, humorous, waggish;a
jester, a humorous person, a funny fellow, a
H hapwn (caus. of hapn), wag (=hahol):hahe-bz, s.f. Sporting,
v.t. To cause to be struck or beaten; to have (a jesting, joking, fun, jocularity:hah karn
cake of cow-dung, &c.) clapped (against a (-se, or -ke-sth, or ke-sang), To sport (with), to
wall); to cause to be stamped. jest or joke (with); to trifle (with); to make fun
(of), &c.=hatth mrn;hah karn (-par)
= hah mrn (-par):hah lagn, v.n.
H ha, s.m.=hah, q.v.
To crack a joke; to raise a laugh; to make a
H ha, s.m.=a, q.v. laughing-stock (of):hah (or hahe)
mrn (-par, or -k), To crack jokes (at), to
H ha, s.m.=hah, q.v. make sport or fun (of); to ridicule, mock (at),
deride:hahe mr-kar, adv. In fun, in jest,
jestingly; in ridicule or derision, deridingly:
H haar, s.m.=hahar, q.v. hah-mizj, adj. & s.m.=hahe-bz, q.v.:
hahe-me un or u-den (-ko), To turn
H hiar, s.f. = H hir, off in a jest, to make a joke or jest (of), to make
fun (of), to ridicule.
adj. = H hiarn, v.n. see hihar;
hihr; and hiharn. H hahn [S. , or , redupl.],
v.t. To strike, beat; to beat one's own head, &c.
H hir, adj. = H hiar, (in token of vexation), to infliet pain on, to
s.f. = H hiarn, v.n. see hihar; harass (oneself).
hihr; and hiharn.
H hah`, s.f. Striking, beating;
H hiarn, v.n. = H paining, harassing (oneself).
hiar, s.f. = H hir, adj. see
H hahar [see h], s.m. The
hihar; hihr; and hiharn.
frame (bamboo-work) of a thatched roof;
framework; shell of a house; a skeleton, &c.
H hiakn, v.n.=hihakn, q.v.
(see hh; har; hahr).

H haol, s.m. = H H hihar, hihir,

haol, s.f. see hahol, and hahol. hihur (see hihr), s.f. Numbedness,
numbness, torpor, chilliness, cold; frost.
H haol, s.f. = H
haol, s.m. see hahol, and hahol. H hahr (see hahar), s.m. A
fence.
H hah (see hahn), s.m. Throng,
crowd, multitude. hihur
H hihar, hihr,
[S. redupl., or pres. part. , rt. ],
H ah-ah = H ahah [fr. adj. Benumbed, numb, torpid, chilled;
S. 'to grow'; cf. ahah], s.m. Flourishing impotent:hihr-jn, v.n.=hiharn, q.v.
state; freshness; bloom, beauty, splendour;
conspicuousness. H hihirn,

hihrn, hihurn, v.t. To chill, to
H ahah = H ah-ah [fr.
bennmb, to numb.
S. 'to grow'; cf. ahah], s.m. Flourishing
state; freshness; bloom, beauty, splendour; H hihrha, s.f. Numbness,
conspicuousness. &c.=hihar, q.v.

H hah [S. +], s.m. Sport, H hiharn, hihirn,

play, fun; jest, joke, pleasantry; jocularity,

hihurn, v.n. To be chilled (with
facetiousness, humour; a mere trifle, an easy

766
cold); to be frozen; to be benumbed or numbed; H hahol, s.f. = H
to be stopped (growth), to be nipped (with
cold):hihar-jn, v.n. intens. of hahol-pan, s.m. Jocularity, jesting,
and=hiharn. fun, humour; comicalness; buffoonery;
derision:hahol karn, v.n. To make fun, to
H hahr [rt. of hahn+r = Prk. jest. &c.

=S. +], s.f. A frame of bamboo- H haholiy, adj. &

work (for a thatched roof, &c.); the frame of a
matted screen; framework, &c. (=hahar,
q.v.); a bier; a skeleton, a very thin person.
H hihak (v.n. of next, q.v.), s.f. ++], s.m. A maker of hard ware or
The state of standing still, stagnation; the state
of stopping suddenly, or of standing amazed,
&c.;(conj. part. of next), adv. Reluctantly,
hesitatingly, slowly (=hihak-ke).
H hihakn [hihak = Prk.
s.m.=hahol, q.v.
H thaher [S. redupl. base of
metal pots and pans, a brazier, a tinker;the
stalk of the jwr or Andropogon sorghum:
hahere hahere-k badl`, A bargain
between two people equally acute or knowing;
'diamond cut diamond.'
H haher, s.f. A brazier's wife; a

(), fr. S. + ], v.n. To stand still,

female brazier.
to stagnate; to stop short or suddenly, to stand
amazed or staggered; to draw back in surprise,
to shrink, to hesitate, to boggle:hihak-jn, H hater, s.m.=haher, q.v.
hihak-rahn or rah-jn, v.n. To stop short,
&c.=hihakn. H haer (cf. ), s.m. Wrangling,
altercation, squabble, quarrel, broil (=bakhe;
H hihak-ke (past conj. part. jhagr).
of hihakn), adv. In a state of amazement,
staggered; reluctantly, shrinkingly, hesitatingly, H ha [Prk. ; S. +],
slowly. s.m. The back stick of a paper kite; the back-
bone:ha-, adj. & s.m. 'Having the
H hahn [hah = Prk. () or back-bone bent or broken,' hump-backed;a
hunch-back.
(), fr. S. , p.p.p. of rt. ], v.n.
To stand, endure, last, to continue; to stand

H
huh = H hu [S.
(against, -ke ge), to withstand, oppose;v.t.
To arrange, set in order; to decorate, adorn;to ], s.f. The chin;parched grain;a
fix or settle in the mind, to determine. spickle or head of Indian corn and the like, after
the grains have been picked out, a cob:
H hahanau (old H.; cf. huh (or hu) pakan (-k), lit. 'To take
hahn), v.n. To stand still; to stand hold of the chin'; to chuck under the chin; to
amazed=hihakn. humour, to flatter, to curry favour (with); to
coax; to beg; to mollify; to appease:huh-
H hahor, s.m.=next, q.v. k gah, s.m. The dimple in a chin.

H
hu = H huh [S.
H hahol [hah+Prk. =S.
], s.f. The chin;parched grain;a
], adj. & s.m. Jocular, jocose; humorous,
spickle or head of Indian corn and the like, after
facetious, waggish;a jester, banterer, wag, the grains have been picked out, a cob:
humorist, a funny man (=hahe-bz). huh (or hu) pakan (-k), lit. 'To take
hold of the chin'; to chuck under the chin; to
H hahol-pan, s.m. = H humour, to flatter, to curry favour (with); to
hahol, s.f. Jocularity, jesting, fun, coax; to beg; to mollify; to appease:huh-
k gah, s.m. The dimple in a chin.
humour; comicalness; buffoonery; derision:
hahol karn, v.n. To make fun, to jest. &c.

767
H hir [S. ], s.f. Extreme cold; frost stubborn, obstinate, wayward; idle, lazy;s.m.
(cf. hr; hihar).
H ehr [S. ++], s.m. A small
village, a hamlet (=purw).
H har, harr, s.m. An inferior
kind of intoxicating liquor;a kind of shoe
(worn by villagers).
Short weight or measure:has--has, adj.
Stuffed full, choke-full, crammed, filled,
crowded.
H hass [has, q.v.+Prk. =S.
], s.m. A die, fount; stamp, &c. (=happ,
q.v.); pride, vanity (=hasak):hass ln (-
k), To coin; to stamp, imprint, impress.

H harn, v.t. (dialec.)=hahrn,

H husn, (local) hasn,
q.v. v.t.=huswn, q.v.

H hirn (caus. of hirn), v.t. To H hasak, s.f. = H

cause to freeze; to cause to congeal. hask, s.m. [Prk. fr. S. + ],
Tightness or sense of oppression (arising from
H har`o, s.m.=hahr`o, q.v. cold), a cold, a cough; hacking sound of a
cough;state, dignity; pride, vanity,
pompousness; affected gait or air, mincing;
H harar, = H harak, s.m. foppishness;a fop, a swell;a narrow street.
Snoring, snore:harak prn, v.n. To snore.
H hask, s.m. = H
H harak, = H harar, s.m.
hasak, s.f. [Prk. fr. S. + ],
Snoring, snore:harak prn, v.n. To snore.
Tightness or sense of oppression (arising from
cold), a cold, a cough; hacking sound of a
H aharn, v.n.=ahaln, q.v. cough;state, dignity; pride, vanity,
pompousness; affected gait or air, mincing;
H harn, v.n. (prov.)=haharn, q.v. foppishness;a fop, a swell;a narrow street.

H hirn (see hir), v.n. To freeze; to H hasakn (see hasak), v.t. To

be chilled. break a piece off, or to chip, an earthen ware
vessel (by knocking it against another).
H harr, s.f.=harr, q.v.

H husakn [husak = Prk.
hurr, s.f. (prov.)=hu, q.v.
H
(), fr. S. + ], v.n. To weep
silently or softly; to sob (=usakn); peditum
ciere, suppedere.
H hariy [S. +], s.m. A
kind of earthen uqqa.
H husk, s.f. Ventris crepitus
surdus.
H ha, adj. Standing, erect (=hh,
q.v.).
H husn, (local) hasn (see
hsn), v.n. To be filled full, to be stuffed, or
H hi [S. +], adj. Difficult,
crammed.
hard, untoward, trying:hi waqt, s.m. A
hard or trying time. H hasn, s.f. A rammer; a ramrod.
H has, his, hus, s.m. An
imitative sound, as of a musket ill-charged, or a H
huswn (doub. caus. of
flash in the pan, &c.
hsn), v.t. To cause to stuff or cram; to have
(one) stuffed or crammed (with).
H has (see hnsn, and honsn), adj.
Pressed down hard, crammed, stuffed; hard,
H ahak, (local and prov.) ihuk,
firm, solid, heavy, substantial (cf. hos);
cracked, injured (as coin, &c.); dense, stupid; s.f. Shooting pain, throb, &c.= asak, q.v.

768
 difficulty, awkward or untoward affair (syn.
H hikn [S. bakhe).
+ ++; or ika, rt. of ikn+S.
H hakhakn [by redupl. of
+], s.m. Fixed or permanent place or
Prk. ()=S. (), rt. ], v.t. To
abode; proper place; precise or exact spot,
whereabouts; place, spot, site; dwelling.place, knock, rap, tap, pat, sound (cf. khakhan).
abode, residence, home, quarters; special field
or scene of a labour, &c.), beat (as of a barber, H hakhakiy, s.m. A
or sweeper, &c.); fixing, fixity, certainty; stickler, wrangler.
certain knowledge; consistency, harmony,
appositeness (of speech, conduct, &c.); origin, H hakhauw, s.f. A kind of
source; ground, basis, foundation (of a thing);
goal, destination, end, limit, boundary: small boat, a shallop, skiff (syn. panso`).
hikne ukn, To distribute money among
servants (on the decease of a member of a H hakhel [thak, rt. of hakn,
family):hikn hhn (-ke wste, &c.), redupl.+el = Prk. =S. +], adj. (f. -
To seek a residence or employment (for): ), Stuffed together in a crowd, crowded
hikne rahn, v.n. To remain stationary, fixed, (=mama).
or stable; to abide in one course, &c.:hikne-
k, adj. (f. -), Congruous, consistent,
S hakkur, and H. hakur
harmonious, apposite, to the point; sensible:
hikn karn (-k), To put in (its) proper (chiefly in comp.), s.m. See hkur:hakur-
place; to find a place (for), to make room (for); suht, s.f. Compliment, flattery.
to arrange; to take note (of), to learn (about), to
account (for), to search or trace (an affair) to its H hikr, s.m.=hkr, q.v.
source or commencement; to find a husband or
wife (for):hikn lagn (-k), To find out,
H hukrn [hukr = hokar,
discover, trace (one's residence, &c.); to trace to
the source, to establish, settle, prove:hikne q.v.+ = w = Prk. or =S. caus.
lagn (-ko), To dispose of; to establish, settle, increment], v.t. To kick against, to strike the
arrange; to make away with, to spend, consume, foot against (=hokar mrn); to kick, trample
run through; to send to (his or her) long home, upon; to spurn.
to despatch, put to death, kill, assassinate:
hikne lagn, v.n. To be still, be at rest, have a H hakurn, s.f. The wife of a
home, &c.; to be disposed of, be despatched, be
hkur, &c.=hkurn, q.v.
put to death; to be put an end to, be
terminated:be-hikne, adj. & adv. Out of
place, misplaced; irregular; incoherent,
H hakur`, hukr`
disconnected; inconsistent; indeterminate, [hkur+` = Prk. =S. +], s.f.
unsettled, indefinite; immoderate, Godship, divinity; the rank or status of hkur;
disproportioned; uncertain; groundless, lordliness, nobility;the office of barber (see
unreasonable;irregularly, incoherently, &c.;
hkur`).
indiscriminately, at random.
H hakur`in, s.f.=hkur`in;
H hikn, s.f.=ikn, q.v.
hkurn.
H hak-hak = H
H hikr, s.f.=hkr, q.v.;
hak-thak (see next), s.m. A sound of
also=ikr, q.v.
knocking or hammering, knock, rap, tap;hard
work, troublesome business, harassing labour,
difficulty, awkward or untoward affair (syn.
H huk, s.m. corr. of uk, q.v.
bakhe).
H ahakn, v.n.=abhakhn and
H hak-thak = H asakn, q.v.
hak-hak (see next), s.m. A sound of knocking
or hammering, knock, rap, tap;hard work,
troublesome business, harassing labour,

769

H uhukn, v.n.=husakn and H hagn, hagin [S.
usakn, q.v. +], s.f. The wife of a hag; a female
robber or cheat, &c.
H hakn [hak = Prk. ()=S.
(), rt. ], v.t. To knock, &c. H hagwn (doub. caus. of
(=hakhakn, q.v.). hagn), v.t. To cause to be cheated or robbed,
&c.

H hukn (fr. the trans. hokn, q.v.),
v.n. To be knocked, hammered, beaten; to be H hagaur, hagor [Prk.
punished or chastised; to be defeated, =S. ++], s.f. Cheating,
overcome, worsted; to be thrown on the back cheat, trick, imposture (see next).
(in wrestling); to suffer a loss; to be put in the
stocks; to be imprisoned:huk-jn, v.n.
H haga` = H hag [Prk.
intens. of and=hukn.
=S. ++], s.f. The business

H hukwn (doub. caus. of or practice of a hag; robbery, cheating,
hokn), v.t. To cause to be beaten, or imposture;hag, the department for the
hammered, &c. suppression of hags.

H hag [S. ], s.m. A robber, H hag = H haga` [Prk.

assassin, garotter, cut-throat; one of a gang who =S. ++], s.f. The business
strangle or poison travellers; deceiver, or practice of a hag; robbery, cheating,
impostor, cheat, knave, sharper, swindler,
imposture;hag, the department for the
plunderer:hag-bz, s.f. Cunning, trickery,
suppression of hags.
roguery, fraudulent dealing, &c. (see
hag`):hag-bidy, s.f. The art of tricking or
cheating; fraudulent arts, swindling, &c. (see H hagiy [Prk. =S.
hag`). +], s.m. A cheat, impostor, &c.=hag,
q.v.
H hagn (fr. hag), v.n. To be H ahal [S. +; cf. agharn;
cheated, &c.;v.t. To cheat, deceive, &c. aghaln], s.f. lit. 'A moving or walking to and
(=hagn);to cause to be cheated, &c. fro'; work, business, task, duty; service,
(=hagwn):hag-jn, v.n. To be cheated, attendance; toil, drudgery; housekeeping,
&c. housewifery:ahal-akor, ahal-akor,
s.f.=ahal:ahal karn, or ahal-akor karn
H hag` (fr. hagn;for ` see (-k), To serve, attend (on); to labour, drudge:
hakur`), s.f. Cheating, fraud, deceit, ahal lagn (-k), To dance attendance (on).
imposture, knavery; swindling, robbery, theft.
H ahln (caus. of ahaln), v.t.
S ha-ga, s.m. A combination of To cause to walk to and fro or up and down, to
five short syllables. lead about (as a horse or a child); to make (one)
dance attendance; to get (one) out of the way, to
H hagin, s.f.=hagn, q.v. put or turn aside, to remove, to dismiss; to put
off, postpone; to prevaricate (=ln).

H hagn [hag = S. ()+n =

H ahaln (see ahal), v.n. To walk
an = Prk. =S. ], v.t. To cheat, to and fro, or up and down; to take a walk, to
deceive, beguile, impose on, delude, rove, ramble, saunter; to move off or away, to
circumvent, trick, dupe; to rob; to be stolen, to be off; to depart this life, to die:ahal-jn,
be made captive, to be captivated:hag-ln, v.n. To move away, to be off; to die.
hag-len, v.t.=hagn.
H tahaln (from ahaln), s.f. A
woman-servant, a maid-servant (=ahl`); a
house-wife.

770

H humakn, hamakn
H ahl, s.f. (poet.)=ahal;s.m. (see humak), v.n. To walk with a jerky,
(local)=ahl`. mincing, or wanton gait; to walk affectedly; to
walk with grace, stateliness, or dignity; to strut,
H ahl`, ahalw [ahal, stalk.
q.v.+Prk. =S. ()+], s.m. A manager
humk (dim. of humk), s.f.
H
of household concerns; a servant, attendant,
Jerking or playing (a paper kite, to keep it up
drudge, menial, labourer.
when the wind is light):humk den, humk
lagn (-ko), To give a jerk (to), to jerk (a paper
H halu`, adj. Out of employment; kite)=humkn.
idle (=hl);s.m. An idle fellow.

H humk, adj. & s.m. Idle, lazy;
H ahl`, s.f.=ahl`; ahaln; a lazy fellow.
qq.v.
H han [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. Sound,
H hiliy [S. +], s.f. An noise, ring:han--han, s.f. Repeated or
earthen waterpot or pitcher:hiliy bharn, continued sound; ringing, jingling, clanging;
s.m. lit. 'Filling a pitcher'; the ceremony of ring, jingle, clang, din; the sound of the
offering a libation of water to the manes of the repeated strokes of a hammer, or of a mace, or
deceased. sword, or dagger, &c. (=ak--k);adv.
With a jingle or clang, &c., ding-dong:han-

H humr [S. or ++], han, s.f. Ring, clang, din, &c. (=han--han);
adj. Small, short, &c. (=humk). a mere sound or noise, a nothing:han-kr,
s.f. Ring, clink, jingle, tinkle=hank.

H humr [S. ++], s.f. A
species of metre; a variety of song, a species of H ahn, s.m. A thick branch, large
amorous composition. bough (of a tree).

H
humak, s.f. = H H hann, v.n. See hann.
humk, s.m. [S. or + ], Jerky gait
or walk; walking with a graceful, easy air; H hank = H hank
mincing gait; strutting, stalking;adj. Of low [Prk. ; S. ++], s.m. A clinking
stature, stunted, stumpy, short, diminutive; noise, clink, tinkle, jingle, rattle.
dapper:humak-humak, adj. Mincing;
strutting:humak l, s.f. Mincing gait or air, H hank = H hank
affected walk; stately or dignified gait, strut.
[Prk. ; S. ++], s.m. A clinking

H
humk, s.m. = H noise, clink, tinkle, jingle, rattle.
humak, s.f. [S. or + ], Jerky gait
H humbr, s.f.=humr, q.v.
or walk; walking with a graceful, easy air;
mincing gait; strutting, stalking;adj. Of low
stature, stunted, stumpy, short, diminutive;
H hunh, s.m.=hh, q.v.
dapper:humak-humak, adj. Mincing;
strutting:humak l, s.f. Mincing gait or air, H han-han, s.f. See s.v. han;
affected walk; stately or dignified gait, strut.
and cf. an-an.

H humkn (caus. of
H , han-hann
humakn), v.t. To cause to move or walk with
stateliness, dignity, or grace; to cause to strut; to [hanhan = Prk. =S. redupl.], v.n. To
give a jerk to, to jerk (a paper kite); to make ring, tinkle, clink, jingle, rattle, &c.; to neigh; to
stunted; to hammer or beat down or in. snort; to utter a sound (as an animal in rut).

771
H , han [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. H hanh, s.f. = H
Coldness, cold, chilliness:han pan, v.n. hanh, adj. = H hanhak, s.f.
To be cold (e.g. ba han pat hai, 'it is very See hand, han, and hanak, respectively.
cold).
H hanh, adj. = H
H han [Prk. ; S.
hanh, s.f. = H hanhak, s.f. See
+], adj. (f. -), Cold, cool, chill, bleak;
hand, han, and hanak, respectively.
frozen; iced, cooled; refreshed; cold-hearted,
insensible; dead; pacified, appeased, soothed,
allayed, extinguished, set at rest; still, quiet, H hanhak, s.f. = H
calm, tranquil; mild, placid, gentle; impotent, hanh, s.f. = H hanh, adj. See
lacking virility; dull, inactive (as a market); free
hand, han, and hanak, respectively.
from weeds (as a soil):han pan, v.n. To
become cold or cool; to abate or become
extinguished (as anger, wantonness, virility, H han, s.f. Small-pox (colloq. and
&c.):hane peo, adv. Quietly, peaceably, peculiar to the speech of Moh. women):
at peace:hane-thane, adv. While it is cool, han haln, v.n. To scale, to recover from
in the cool of the day, in the morning or small-pox.
evening;at peace, peaceably:ha ss
bharn, v.n. To heave a deep (lit. cold) sigh, to H husn = H
sigh in despair:han karn, v.t. To make huswn (caus. and doub. caus. of hsn),
cold, to cool; to ice, to freeze; to extinguish (a v.t.=husn; huswn, q.v.
light, &c.), to quench, allay; to refresh; to
soothe, comfort, assuage; to pacify, appease:
H huswn = H
han karne-wl, adj. (Med.) Refrigerant:
han karh, s.f. Sweetmeat (alw) made at husn (caus. and doub. caus. of hsn),
the close of a feast (when the pan is becoming v.t.=husn; huswn, q.v.
cool):han garm, s.f. Lukewarmness; a
show of love, pretended affection:han hunuk (see
H hinak,
ma, s.f. A stunted growth; an impotent hinakn), s.f. Sob; whimper, fretful cry (of a
person:han hon, v.n. To become cool or child).
cold, to cool; to rest (after fatigue); to be
refreshed; to be extinguished (a light); to be H han-kr, s.f. See s.v. han; and
allayed, &c.; to be appeased or pacified; to be
cf. next.
comforted; to be subdued or tamed, to submit,
yield; to lose virility:kalej han hon (-
k), To have one's longing, or revenge, &c. H hankn (caus. of hanakn),
gratified; to be avenged; to be satisfied; to be v.t. To cause to sound, to clink, sound, to clink,
solaced or comforted; to be pleased or happy. sound, ring (metal, money, &c.); to produce a
sound (as a hammer on an anvil), to beat.
H hand` [Prk. ; S.
H hukn (caus. of hokn),
++], s.f. Refrigerant medicine; a
v.t.=hukwn, q.v.
cooling drink; the intoxicating potion made of
bhang.
H hanakn [hanak = Prk.
H hanak [han, q.v.+S. ], s.f. () or ()=S.+ ], v.n. To
Coldness, cold, coolness; reduced temperature; give forth a sound; to sound, ring, clink, jingle,
a refreshing sensation; pacification; calmness; tinkle; to beat, throb, shoot (as pain).
solace, comfort:hanak pan (-ke or -ko),
To be cooled; to be refreshed; to have a H inakn, hunukn
longing, or a desire for revenge, &c. gratified; (see hanakn), v.n. To sob; to cry, whimper,
to be appeased (as rage, enmity, &c.); to be fret (as a child); to whine, complain, murmur.
avenged.
H hign [S. + + cf.
heg], adj. (f. -), Of small stature, short,
dwarfish, diminutive (syn. n).

772
 chin:ho pakan, ho-me hth den (-k)
H hign`, s.f. Lowness of = hu pakan, q.v.
stature, dwarfishness, &c.
H ho = H hoh [Prk.
H hing, s.f. (local), A spark ; S. ], s f. The chin (=huh or
(=ing, ingr). hu, q.v.):ho bann, To shave the
chin:ho pakan, ho-me hth den (-k)
H hunger, s.f. Pecking; picking, = hu pakan, q.v.
eating squeamishly, or bit by bit (=ungr, q.v.;
c.f. also g and hog). H hos (see hosn), adj. Firm, hard,
compact, solid; dense, dull, obtuse, heavy,
H hungern (see ugrn), v.t. thick-headed.
To peck; to pick, to eat squeamishly, to piddle.
H hann (see hnn), v.n. To be H hos [hos+Prk. =S. ], s.m.
fixed or settled; to be determined or resolved; to The thumb presented in token of denial (a mode
be ascertained:han-jn, v.n. intens. of peculiar to women):hos din = angh
and=hann. din, q.v.s.v. angh.

H ahn (dim. of ahn), s.f. A small H hos` [rt. of hosn+` = Prk.

branch, a spray, twig. =S. +], s.f. Firmness, compactness,
solidity.
H han, s.f. (local)=ahn.
H hosn, hsn,
H ho, s.m.(?) Number (local, and used in v.t.=hsn, q.v.
comp. with numerals, e.g. do ho, 'two'; syn.
`adad). H hok, = H hok, s.m.
(dialec.), Blow, stroke, &c. (=ahok; hokar).
H ho (colloq. & local), adj. Dense,
obtuse, stupid (=hos, q.v.). H hok, = H hok, s.m.
(dialec.), Blow, stroke, &c. (=ahok; hokar).
H hor [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. Beak or
bill (of a bird=hoh); lip. H ahok (see hok-n), s.m. Blow,
thump, slap, cuff; push, shove; jog, nudge;
H haur, hor [S. ], s.f. Fixed goad, spur.
spot, place, spot, locality, room, residence;
adv. Fixed, stationary, still, on the spot:haur H hokar [rt. of hokn+ar = Prk.
be-haur, adv. In any place indiscriminately; in =S. +], s.f. A cause of stumbling (as
a vital part; out of place:haur-haur, adv. In
projecting stones, boulders, &c. on a road),
many places; in various places; in certain
obstacle, stumbling-block; tripping or striking
parts:haur rahn, v.n. To remain fixed or the foot against anything; trip, stumble, false
stationary, to stand still, to stay, remain; to step; kick, thump, blow, stroke; shock; loss (in
remain or lie still or lifeless, to be knocked trade, &c.); beating time with the foot; a cow-
down dead on the spot, to be killed or
catcher (syn. hj):hokar-par mrn, v.t. To
murdered:ku-haur, s.f. 'A bad place'; a
kick away, to spurn:hokar khn, v.n. To
tender spot or part (of the body).
trip, stumble; to meet with a loss, to suffer
misfortune:hokare khn, v.n. To trip, &c.
H hr, s.f. Parched grain (=hu, (=hokar khn); to be kicked and knocked
q.v.). about, to be ill-used (by, -k):hokar lagn (-
k), To come into collision (with), to knock
H hoh = H ho [Prk. (against, an obstacle), to trip, stumble:hokar
mrn, To kick (against, -par), knock or strike
; S. ], s f. The chin (=huh or
(against); to strike, kick, spurn (with, -ko).
hu, q.v.):ho bann, To shave the

773
H hokr [rt. of hokn+Prk. H hh [S. ], s.f. A
=S. +], s.m. A fillip;adj. (f. -), small stump; a stalk; stubble.
Hard (as bad bread).
H hhiy = H
H hokan (see hokn), s.m. The act hiy [S. (base )+], adj. Having
of making firm, the act of driving in (a peg, the hand, or arm, &c. amputated; mutilated
&c.), or of beating, or striking. (=hh, q.v.);s.m. A eunuch.

H ahokn, v.t. To beat, thump, H hiy = H

hammer (=hokn); to push, shove; to impel, hhiy [S. (base )+], adj. Having
urge on, goad, spur.
the hand, or arm, &c. amputated; mutilated
(=hh, q.v.);s.m. A eunuch.

H thokn [hok = Prk. ()=S.
(), rt. ], v.t. To make firm, to drive H ho, = H ho,
in (a stake, peg, &c.); to hammer, strike, beat, s.f.=hoh or ho, q.v.
thump, knock; to pat, tap, fillip; to thrust with
the finger; to play, perform on (the kettle- H ho, = H ho,
drum); to put in the stocks; to enter (a
complaint against), file (a suit or action): s.f.=hoh or ho, q.v.
hok-baj-ke, adv. After striking and sounding,
after close examination or scrutiny; openly, H hsn, hosn [hos
publicly:hok-den, v.t. intens. of ()=S. ()], v.t. To
or hos = Prk.
and=hokn:bang hokn (-me), To put a press down (or in) firm or hard, to beat (or
spoke (in one's wheel):tl hokn (-k), To drive, or force) in, to stuff, cram, thrust in; to
make a lock secure, to lock or shut up. wad; to eat greedily, to devour:hs-jn,
v.t. intens. of and=hsn.
H hokw [hoka, fr. hokn+S. ,
with euphonic w], s.m. (prov.) lit. 'That which is H hokn, v.t.=hokn, q.v.
patted'; a cake, a pancake
H hog [S. +], s.f. A beak or
H hol, s.m. A cup for the food and
bill; the act of striking with the beak, pecking
drink of a bird in a cage;the knuckles:hol
(=g; ugr); striking with the finger.
mrn (-ko), To strike with the knuckles.
H hog, s.m. Striking with the
H aho (onomat.), s.m. The cry of a
beak, pecking.
new-born child, or of a babe in arms.
H hgn, hogn =
H hiwn, s.m.=he`on, q.v.
H hgn, hogn v.t. To
H hh (see n), s.m. Stump (of strike with the beak, to peck, &c.=gn;
an arm, branch, &c.), branch (of a tree) broken
hugern, qq.v.
off at the end and leafless; an amputated hand
or arm; a stunted tree. H hgn, hogn = H
hgn, hogn v.t.
H hoh [S. , or ; cf. hor], To strike with the beak, to peck, &c.=gn;
s.f. Beak or bill (of a bird). hugern, qq.v.

H hh, hoh (see un), H hahk, s.m. Loud laughter, a

adj. Reduced to a stump, having the hand (or
arm, &c.) amputated; having its branches
lopped and leafless (a tree).
roar or peal of laughter; loud noise, a
succession of loud sounds, peal, burst, crash,
explosion:hahke-k, adj. (f. -), Loud,
noisy, demonstrative:hahk mrn, v.n. To
laugh loud, to burst out laughing.

774
H hahar, s.m. (prov.) See hahr`o. use,usually the lower half of an earthen
pitcher, syn. hikr); a brasier, chafing-dish.
H hahrn (caus. of haharn),
H hep [S. ], s.f. Stopple,
v.t. To cause to stand or stay, to stop; to
ascertain; to establish, prove, demonstrate; to stopper, plug, cork, bung:hep-dr, adj.
conclude, consider; to ascribe; to appropriate; to Stopped with a plug, having a stopper or plug
fix, settle, decide, determine; to decree, judge, or cork, corked:hep muh-me den (kis-
adjudge; to fix on, appoint, constitute:hah- ke), To stop the mouth (of anyone), to silence,
den, hahr-len, v.t. intens. of and=hahrn. to gag; to stop (one's own, -apne) mouth, to be
silent.
H hahr` [hahr, rt. of hahr-
H heh [S. ], adj. Pure, genuine;
n+ = Prk. =S. ()], adj. Stable, real, true, actual, very; good, sound; chaste,
permanent, durable, lasting (=ik`). idiomatic (as language);contentious.

H hahra`o [fr. hahrn;`o = H h-h, s.f.=he-he.

Prk. =S. ()], s.m. Fixture;
settlement, agreement; appropriation; proof, H hes (cf. hos, hs, has), s.f.
conclusion; determination, decision; stability, Knock, blow; thrust, push, shove; striking the
permanence, durability; cessation, pause, rest, foot (against an obstacle), tripping (against);
stop, halt. hes lagn, v.n. To be knocked (against), to
receive a knock, &c.; to trip (against=hokar
H haharn (i.q. hhn, q.v.), lagn).
v.n. To stand; to stand still; to stand firm; to be
stationary; to be fixed; to be stopped; to be H hesr [hes+r = Prk. =S.
congealed, be frozen; to stop, rest, pause, cease, +], s.m. Jeer, taunt, sneer, indirect
desist; to stay, remain, abide, wait, tarry; to last,
endure; to be ascertained, be proved, be reflection, innuendo.
established; to be settled, be agreed upon, be
concluded; to be fixed on, be determined, be H hesn (i.q. hsn), v.t. To
resolved; to prove to be, to turn out:hahar- thrust, to pierce; to knock, push, shove; to strike
jn, v.n. intens. of and=haharn. against; to thrust or ram in, to cram, stuff; to eat
voraciously (=hosn).
H hahal (prov.), s.m.=hahar;
s.f.=ahal; qq.v. H hk [S. +?], adj. Firm,
strong, compact; stable; ascertained,
H
hihun, s.f. The knee (=he`on, established, well-founded, certain; precise,
exact, true, just, correct, accurate, right; even,
q.v.).
complete; fit, meet, proper; reasonable;
appropriate, suitable, apposite; corresponding,
H ha` [S. ], adj. Firm, solid, answering; regular, according to rule; in due
compact; stable, permanent, durable; form; well-formed, well-proportioned; straight,
ascertained, established, well-founded, certain, in order, well-conducted;adv. Exactly,
positive, to be relied on; fixed, settled, precisely, just; accurately, correctly; duly,
determined on; right, just, correct, exact. justly, agreeably to; truly, in truth; to the point
H hiy, s.m. A mound, heap, or lump or purpose; completely; clearly, &c.; just so!,
(of earth); a block or mass (of stone, wood, precisely!, very true!, all very fine!;s.m.
&c.); a mud pillar, a boundary mark (cf. th`; Precise total, sum, addition;fixed or
hh; h`; hiy); a support; a place to sit permanent residence; whereabouts (=hikn);
on, a seat. certainty, certain knowledge, &c. (in all these
senses it seems questionable whether hk,
although it may be conveniently rendered in
H heb, s.m. (prov.)=hew.
English as a subst.=hikn, is not properly an
adj.: it is invariably constructed with a genitive;
H hp (perhaps for hk), s.f. A vessel e.g. usk ky hk hai, 'What is there certain in
for holding or carrying fire (such as faqrs respect of him?' or 'What certainty is there of
him?'; umhr bh kah hk hai, 'Have you a

775
fixed abode anywhere?'):hk n, v.n. To engross:hek n ayt, s.m. A lease for the
prove true, turn out right or correct; to come term of one's life.
right; to be right, just, or adequate; to succeed;
to answer, suit, fit, correspond, apply;hk H hek, s.m. A plug, a stopple, a cork
bann (-ko), To make right or exact, &c.; to
(=hep; hek).
put (one) to rights, to bring (one) to his senses;
to beat (=hk karn):hk-hk, adj. & adv.
Exact, accurate; fit, proper;quite right, right H hkar, s.m. A system of auk-
and tight, all right; properly, fitly, accurately, dr prevailing in certain parts of India (as in
adequately; in due order, duly adjusted, put to Rohtak Bor), the duty of keeping the village
rights, put straight, &c.;s.m. Exactitude, watch (taken by the villagers in turn;=thkar).
&c.;hk-hk karn (-ko), To put to rights, to
correct, adjust, fit, &c. (=hk karn):hk- H hkr (i.q. uk), s.m. A broken
hk, adj. (emphat. of hk), The exact, very piece of earthenware, a large potsherd, a shard;
exact, &c. (see hk); approximate; tolerable, a vessel for holding fire (such as faqrs use,
passable:hk-hk, hkam-hk, hko-hk, usually the lower half of an earthen pitcher);
adv. Exactly, precisely, just, &c.=hk, q.v.: an earthen vessel for holding filth, &c.; a
hkam-hk, s.m. Abuse:hk karn (-ko), broken vessel or ornament; a dilapidated house;
To render exact, right, true, or fit, &c.; to houses and lands:hkr phon (-k), (fig.)
correct, amend, rectify, put to rights, adjust, To slander, to defame;roz-k hkr,
adapt; to settle, set in order, arrange; to kamne-k hkr, s.m. The tools, instruments,
complete, make up; to regulate; to ascertain, or means by which one lives.
establish, verify; to make certain; to determine;
to put (one) to rights, bring (one) to his senses, H hkr (dim. of hkr), s.f. A
to beat, chastise:hk hon, v.n.=hk n, q.v.
broken piece of earthen ware, potsherd; an
earthen pan (for baking bread); the upper or
H hek [S. +; but cf. ek], s.f. movable jaw of the cock of a musket; mons
A support, a prop; a ledge or platform (on veneris:hkr unn (fig.) To be mad.
which a porter rests his load); a station (for
plk-bearers, carts, &c., syn. a); a wedge; H hekan, s.f. Prop, &c. (=hek; ek;
bottom; the heel of a shoe; a shock of
unthreshed corn; a large sack filled with grain, a
ekan).
load.
H hekn (see hek), v.n. To strike
H hk, hek (see hk), s.m. or knock (against), come into collision (with);
to touch the bottom, to ground, to stick (as a
Contract; work done by contract or by the job,
boat).
piece-work; a task, job; hire, fare; license; lease,
farm; mortgage; rest (after fatigue);
accompanying a singer (on the hol or other H hek (see hek), s.f. The act of
musical instrument); andante (in music): resting on the way (by a porter carrying a load);
hek bajn (-k), To play an accompaniment, a resting place (as for a porter carrying a load);
to accompany a singer (on the hol, &c.): prop, support (=hek); a large sack of grain, a
hek-band, s.f. A lease, a farm; a farm held on load; a plug, cork (=hep; heh):hek
lease:hek-pa, s.m. A deed of lease, a den, v.t. To rest (against, as one carrying a
document conveying a lease or farm:hek- load).
peshg, s.m. A lease or farm of which the rent is
paid in advance:heke-dr, s.m. Contractor; H heg, s.m. (In gram.) An enclitic
lease-holder, farmer, lessee; one who farms a word
license (for the sale of spirituous liquors or the
like):hek den (-ko), To give a contract H hel = H hel (v.n. fr. hel-
(to), to lease, to let in farm;hek dene-wl,
n), s.m. Push, shove, thrust, impulse;hel,
s.m. Lessor, grantor:heke-k, adj. Taken on
A truck; a trolly; a wheel-barrow:hel-ans,
contract; hired:heke-k m`d, s.f. The period
s.m. A share or portion of land acquired by
for which a contract, &c., is granted; the term
force:hel-hel, helam-hel, s.f. Shoving
for which a lease has to run:hek len (-k),
To take on contract, to contract (for); to lease, and shouldering, pushing, jostling:hel-g,
farm; to take out a license; to monopolize, s.f. A truck, &c.=hel.

776
H hel = H hel (v.n. fr. hel- H hewn, he`on, he`un
n), s.m. Push, shove, thrust, impulse;hel, [S. ], s.m. The knee; the pastern (of a
A truck; a trolly; a wheel-barrow:hel-ans, horse).
s.m. A share or portion of land acquired by
force:hel-hel, helam-hel, s.f. Shoving
H hh, s.m. A mud pillar, a boundary
and shouldering, pushing, jostling:hel-g,
s.f. A truck, &c.=hel. mark (=hiy, q.v.).

H heln [hel = S. (), H b, s.m.=ibb; il, qq.v.

caus. of rt. ], v.t. To push, shove, shoulder, H eb, s.m. A long stitch (cf. app;
jostle; to move forward by pushing, to propel. tepi).

H heln, s.m. Acting the buffoon. H p (v.n. fr. p-n, q.v.), s.f. The act
of pressing or compressing; raising the voice (in
singing); the highest pitch of the voice, a high
H heh, adj.=heh, q.v.
or shrill note; drawing or winning (a card);a
bond (on unstamped paper, cf. tamassuk), a bill,
H heh, s.f. A plug, cork, bung a note of hand, promissory note; a cheque:
(=hep; hek); a lurap or ball of ear-wax; a p-p, s.f. The act of pressing, &c. (=p);
dhot or cloth reaching as far as the knee. ornament, decoration; pomp, show, ostentation,
splendour, magnificence (syn. ud-num`).
H he-he [S. redupl.; or
onomat.], s.f. Silly and noisy laughter, giggle H pn [p = S. (), rt.
(=h-h); cf. e-e. ], v.t. lit. 'To cause to drop or exude'; to
press, compress, squeeze;to feel, to grope;
H he, s.f.=heh, q.v. to sing soprano; to pocket (money); to note
down, to register; to draw or win (a card):p-
H hesn, v.t.=hesn, q.v. len, v.t. intens. of and=pn, q.v.

H e` (for ew, perf. part. of ewn),

H heg [S. + +], s.m. A
part. adj. Sharpened.
bludgeon, a small club, a cudgel, a stick;the
thumb (=hos); the penis:heg bjn, v.n.
Cudgel to sound, stick to be used; to have a H , s.m. Lingula vulv muliebrum
row, to fall out, to use clubs;to be called a (syn. ).
penis, to be called an opprobrious name, to be
disgraced, to be jeered or hooted. H l, s.f. Name of a medicine.

H hegn [heg()+n = l = H ew, s.m.=eu` or ew, q.v.

Prk. =S. +], adj. Stumpy, short,
&c.=hingn, q.v.
H hegail [heg, q.v.+Prk.
=S. ], s.m. A cudgeller.
H n, v.n. To cry or call (as a
partridge); to sing or warble sweetly.
H , s.f.=i, q.v.

H hewn, he`on, H r [S. , rt. ], s.f. A transverse

he`un, s.m.=he`on, q.v. piece in cloths, a breadth cut diagonally.

H hew [S. , rt. ], s.m. The H er, part. adj. Passed, spent (=ter,
place for a stone in a ring (=thew). q.v.):er karn, er hon, see s.v. ter.

H er [S. ], s.f. Voice, sound; cry,

call, shout; tune.

777
H er (see eh), s.m. A curtain;adj. H eh-pan, s.m. = H
Squint-eyed. eh-pan, s.m. = H eh`,
s.f. [eh, q.v.+pan, or pan = Prk. or
H eran (see next), s.m.(?) Calling,
shouting, hallooing. =S. (Vedic ) or +; and ` =
Prk. =S. +], Crookedness,
H ern [er = S. (), rt. ], distortion, obliquity, tortuousness.
v.n. To call aloud, cry out, to shout, scream,
bawl, roar; to to sing, chant;v.t. To twist the H eh, s.f. Frowardness,
keys (of an instrument), to tune. perverseness, obstinacy; pride, vanity,
haughtiness (=aka).
H e, s.m. The trunk of a tree; an
instrument for twisting coarse thread or twine H , s.f. A locust=i, q.v.
(cf. aeran).
H s [S. ; cf. asak], s.f. Shooting
H eh, adj. (prov.)=eh;s.f. Twist;
pain, throbbing, throb, palpitation; stitch:s
pride, &c. (=eh). mrn, v.n. To shoot (with pain), to throb, beat,
&c.=sn.
H eh [S. +], adj. (f. -),
Crooked, bent, distorted, awry, askew; H sn, v.n. To shoot, throb,
deformed, hump-backed, bow-legged, &c.;
palpitate; to pain.
offended, displeased, cranky; froward,
obstinate; untoward, unfavourable, contrary,
opposing, obstructive:eh-beh, eh- H es, s.m. The tree Butea frondosa
be, adj. Crooked, awry, distorted:ehe- (syn. pals); the blossom of the Butea; an effigy
behe, adv. Crookedly, zigzag:eh of the head of Tesu (a mythical hero) carried
samajhn, v.t. To misunderstand, misapprehend about in the month sin; a kind of play.
(=ul samajhn):eh sunn (-ko), To give
crooked answers, to give cross or rough H esu`, esw, s.m. A tear
answers, to be impertinent or rude (to):eh (see aswe).
karn, v.t. To make crooked, to bend, crook,
distort:eh-meh, adj.=eh-beh, H k (see k), s.f. An ornament (as a
q.v.:eh hon, v.n. To be crooked; to be
gold patch, &c.), worn on the neck or head;
froward, or perverse, &c.; to be displeased or
(local) a top-knot; a drop, line, or stream (of
offended (with, -se).
blood, &c.).

H eh-pan, s.m. = H
H ek (see ekn), s.f. Prop, pillar,
eh`, s.f. = H eh-pan, support; reliance; promise, vow; determination,
s.m. [eh, q.v.+pan, or pan = Prk. or resolve; the burthen or refrain (of a song):ek
dharnd, v.n. To be bent (on), be determined or
=S. (Vedic ) or +; and ` = resolved (on).
Prk. =S. +], Crookedness,
distortion, obliquity, tortuousness. H ek, s.m. Mass, pile, heap, mound,
hillock (=ekar); obstacle, bar, hindrance.
H eh`, s.f. = H
eh-pan, s.m. = H eh-pan, H k [S. +], s.m. Small
round mark (or marks) made on the forehead
s.m. [eh, q.v.+pan, or pan = Prk. or
and between the eyebrows (of coloured earth or
=S. (Vedic ) or +; and ` = unguents, and intended either for ornament or
Prk. =S. +], Crookedness, for sectarial distinction (the mark is commonly
made at the ceremony of betrothal, or at that of
distortion, obliquity, tortuousness. installation to an office, &c.; or when one is
setting out on a journey, or a pilgrimage, or is
about to undertake an enterprise); an
ornamental patch of gold, or silver, or tinsel,

778
&c., or a jewel, worn on the forehead; a small H egharn, v.n.
round mark or patch made on any part of the
(prov.)=ighaln, q.v.
body; a stain, blot; inoculation, vaccination; the
ceremony connected with betrothal, or
installation or investiture (see above); dowry; H l, s.f. A small fowl, a young hen, a
nuptial gifts, presents in money or goods from pullet; (contempt.) a fat young woman.
the bride's father to the bridegroom:k
bhejn (-ko), To send the nuptial gifts (to the H l, s.m. Mound, hillock, rising
bridegroom):k lagne-wl, s.m. A ground, hill (=ekr).
vaccinator:k len (-se), To receive or
accept the nuptial gifts.
H eln, v.t. To push, thrust in
S k, s.f. A commentary, annotation, (=heln; ghusen); to remove (=ln).
gloss:k-kart, s.m. Commentator,
H elu`, elw, s.m. A beam.
annotator.

H ekar = H ekr H lh, s.m.=l, q.v.

[ek+Prk. or ; S. or +], s.m.
H l, s.f. dim. of l, q.v.
Heap, mound, hillock, rising ground; slope or
declivity (of a hill).
H em [S. , cf. im-imn], s.f.
H ekr = H ekar Snuff or flame (of a candle or lamp).
[ek+Prk. or ; S. or +], s.m.
H m-m, s.m. = H
Heap, mound, hillock, rising ground; slope or
declivity (of a hill). m-imk, s.f. Dress, show,
ostentation, &c.=p-p, q.v.; brocade,
H kr, s.f. A small field of inferior kimkhob (=P. kim-b).
land (cf. hkr).
H m-imk, s.f. = H
H ekan (see ek and ekn), s.m. m-m, s.m. Dress, show, ostentation,
Pillar, prop, support. &c.=p-p, q.v.; brocade, kimkhob (=P. kim-
b).
H ekn [ek = Prk. ()=S.
(rt. )+ ], v.t. To support, prop; to place, H m, s.f. (local), A cinder; a spark.
set or put down:ek-rahn, v.n. To rest
(against), lean (upon). H en, s.m. A cock of the breed of
fowls called en.
H ekn, s.f. dim. of ekan, qq.v.
H en, v.t.=e`on, q.v.
H kor, s.m.=ikor, q.v.
H e, (prov.) [S. or
H ek (old H.), adj. Supported, ], s.m. The ripe fruit of karl, q.v.;
reliable, trustworthy, certain, positive (syn. film, outer crust or covering; speck in the eye,
niay-yut);s.f.=thp, q.v. cataract (=phull);a cotton-pod.

H kait [k+Prk. H e, s.m. A large ripe fruit of karl;

==S. termin. of pres. part. a fizgig, a kind of fire-work (syn. phuljha);
with augment. ], adj. Invested with the k inconsiderate speech.
or badge of sovereignty, inaugurated, installed.
H ea, s.m. (prov.) The fruit of the
H egr, s.m.=ekr, q.v. karl (=e).

779
H eu`, ew [S. ],
s.m. The windpipe, the throat; the head (of a H ehl, s.m. Marriage custom,
snake):ew dabn (-k), To compress the marriage caremony.
windpipe, to throttle, strangle.

H e (dim. of e), s.f. The fruit of

the karl;inconsiderate speech.

H e-e [S. redupl.], s.f. An

imitative, or an inarticulate sound; the screech
or cry of a parrot (or other bird, syn. e-e);
murmuring, muttering, babbling, prating:e-
e karn, v.n. To utter an inarticulate sound; to
screech (as a parrot); to prate, babble; to
murmur, mutter.

H ek, s.f.m. (prov.)=ek, q.v.

H egr, s.m. = H
egr, s.f. [S. ++ and ], s.m. A
kind of fish (Silurus).

H egr, s.f. = H
egr, s.m. [S. ++ and ], s.m. A
kind of fish (Silurus).

H eg, s.f. Teasing.

H ewn, e`on (see he`on),

s.m. The knee; the ankle.

H en, adj. & s.m. Tiny, little, small;

a breed of small fowls; a bantam.

H ew, te`o [S. ], s.f. Habit,

custom, way, manner; trick; whim, fancy.

H ew, s.m. Habit, &c.=e`o, q.v.;

calculation of nativity; a small horoscope.

H e`or, s.f. corr. of te`or, q.v.

H e`ok, s.f. A pillar, prop, support

(=ek; ekan).

H ewn, e`on [fr. S. ; or

], v.t. To sharpen, to whet.

H ehar, s.m.=ehr, and=tehr, qq.v.

H ehr, s.m. A village.

780
 A smin (act. part. of ' to be the eighth'),

adj. (fem. smina), Eighth.

A sn (act. part. of ' to double'), adj. &

s.m.f. Second;a second; match, equal:
se, The sixth letter of the Hindstn alphabet sniyu`l-hl, adv. A second or another time,
(the fourth of the Arabic) occurs only in words secondly:sn mulaza, s.m. A second
borrowed from the Arabic. Its sound in Arabic inspection, revision.
is that of th in the English thin; but in
Hindstn it has the sound of s. According to A sniyan, sniy (acc. of sn), adv.
the abjad, q.v., it has the numerical value of Secondly, in the second place.
500.
P sniya (for A. sniyat, fem. of sn),
A sbit (act. part. ' to continue, last,' adj. & s.f. Second;a second, a moment.
&c.), adj. Continuing, subsisting, lasting,
enduring, remaining; remaining fixed or A sabt (from ;see sbit), s.m.
stationary, standing, resting; permanent, Continuance, subsistency, durability,
constant, firm, steady, steadfast, stable, fixed, permanence, stability, endurance; constancy,
fast, settled, established, confirmed, proved, firmness, steadiness, steadfastness, fixedness;
ascertained; sound, valid, substantial, real, sure, resolution, determination; soundness, validity.
certain, true, right, correct, just, proper:sbit
rahn (-me, or -par), To continue firm (in); to A sabt, s.f. Permanence; firmness, stability,
adhere or stick (to); to be obstinate (in respect fixedness, fixing; impression; a seal, writing:
of):sbit-qadam, adj. Firm, immovable, sabt karn, v.t. To impress, to insert, enter,
stable, steady, steadfast; permanent, constant; inscribe, to affix (a signture), to subscribe, to
resolute, determined; persevering;sbit- write:s abt-hon, v.n. To be inscribed, be
qadam karn (with acc. -ko of person, and loc. - written.
par of thing), To render or make (one) firm,
steady, or constant, &c. (in, or in respect of): A subt, vulg. sabt (inf. n. of ), s.m.
sbit karn (-ko), To confirm (in, -par), to Permanence; constancy, firmness, &c. (=sabt,
establish, render durable; to prove, verify, bring q.v.); proof, testimony, conviction;adj. Firm;
home (to, -par), substantiate:sbit hon, v.n. proved; entire (=sbit):subt-i-badh, subt-
To be confirmed, be established, be proved, &c. i-bdiyu`n-nazar, s.m. Prima facie evidence:
subt-i-wayat-nma, s.m. Probate of will.
A P sbit-n, s.m. A kind of soldier
or armed retainer (dressed, probably, agreeably A sar (from ), adj. Opulent, rich;s.m.
to the device of one Sbit Khn). The earth.

A sqib (act. part. of ' to pierce'), adj. lit. P sarwat (for A. ), s.f. Much or a great
'Penetrating'; shining brightly, glistening, quantity (of property), wealth, affluence; a great
gleaming very brightly, brilliant, splendid; number, a multitude; power, authority,
famous, exalted, sublime, high. influence:sarwatu-hu, His wealth.

A slis (act. part. of ' to form a third,'
&c.), adj. & s.m. Third;a third person, a
mediator, arbitrator, umpire:slis bi`l-air,
s.m. An unprejudiced or impartial arbitrator:
slis-salsa, s.m. Trinity (=tasls):slis-
nma, s.m. An award by arbitration or by a
jury, a deed of award.
P slisa (for A. slisat, fem. of slis), mascula (considered, particularly in the East, to
adj. & s.f. Third;mediatrix, arbitress.
A suraiy (from ), s.m. The Pleiades
(=`aqd-i-suraiy).
A so`bn, s.m.f. A large and bulky serpent;
an enormous fabulous serpent; the basilisk.
A sa`lab, s.m. A fox:sa`lab-mir, s.f.
Salep, the root of a species of orchis, Orchis
be a strong restorative and aphrodisiac).

A H slis, s.f. Mediation, arbitration. A sufl, s.f.(?) Settlings, sediment, dregs,

lees, refuse.
A sls, s.m. The Trinity:sals-e-aqdas,
The most holy Trinity.

781
A siqt, s.m. pl. (of siqa), Confidants, A saman (see next), s.m. Price, value,
trusty friends. estimated worth.

P saqlat, vulg. siqlat (for A. , inf. n. A sumun, sumn (fr. ' to make eight of,'
of ' to be heavy'), s.f. Heaviness, weight; &c.), s.m. An eighth, an eighth part or portion.
heavy load, indigestion (=siql).
A samn, adj. High-priced, of high value,
A siql, s.m. Weight, gravity, ponderousness; valuable, precious.
a weight; a load or burden, heavy load,
indigestion. A san, s.f. Praise, eulogy, commendation,
applause (it differs from amd in having for its
P siqa (for A. siqat, fem.; inf. n. of ), object either the Deity or man, whereas amd is
s.m. Trusting, confiding (in); confidence;adj. restricted to the Deity):san-n, adj. &
& s.m. Trusty, worthy of confidence;a trusty s.m. Repeating praise, praising;one who
person, a confidant. praises, praiser; san-gustar, adj. & s.m.
Scattering praise;one who scatters praise:
A saql (v.n. of ), adj. Heavy, weighty, san-gustar, s.f. The scattering of praise.
ponderous; hard to be borne, onerous,
burdensome, oppressive, afflictive; indigestible; A sawb (v.n. from ' to return'), s.m.
slow, sluggish, indolent, lazy, phlegmatic; dull, Recompense, compensation, requital, or reward
torpid, inactive. (especially, of obedience to God); the reward of
virtue in the future state; a meritorious or
A sals (from ;see slis), adj. (prop. virtuous act:sawb-k, adj. (f. -), Virtuous,
fem. of salsat), Three. meriting reward in the future.

A suls, adv. Three and three together, A sawbit, s.m. pl. (of sbil, q.v.), The
three at a time, by threes. fixed stars (opp. to saiyra, 'planets').

A suls, vulg. sals, adj. 'Of, or relating A P sawb, adj. Meritorious, virtuous
to, three things'; comprising or composed of (=sawb-k, q.v.).
three (radical) letters (a word), triliteral; made
up, or consisting of, three parts, triple; three- A sawn, adj. & s.f. pl. of sniya, q.v.
sided, triangular.
A saub (fr. ' to return'), s.m. A garment,
A suls, s.m. A third, a third part or robe, vestment.
portion;a kind of Arabic hand-writing.
A saur, s.m. A bull; the constellation
P samniya (for A. samnyat, fr. Taurus, one of the signs of the Zodiac; the
'to form an eighth), s.m. lit. 'Eight'; (in Arith.) redness rising and spreading in the faint light
double rule of three. that is seen above the horizon between sunset
and nightfall; twilight, crepuscule;the name
A samar = P samara, vulg. samra of a mountain near Mecca.
(samara, for A. samarat, fem.), s.m. Fruit;
produce; advantage, profit; result, product; A siyb, s.m. pl. (of saub), Clothes,
recompense, reward; offspring:samar- garments, robes.
bash, adj. Fruit-yielding, productive of
fruit:samar-dr, adj. Fruit-bearing, fruitful. P saiyiba, (for A. saiyibat, for saiyb,
orig. sawb), s.f. A young woman who has
P samara, vulg. samra = A samar consummated her marriage, or one that is not a
(samara, for A. samarat, fem.), s.m. Fruit; virgin.
produce; advantage, profit; result, product;
recompense, reward; offspring:samar-
bash, adj. Fruit-yielding, productive of
fruit:samar-dr, adj. Fruit-bearing, fruitful.
H saman (corr. of the English), s.m. A
summons (also, and more corr., written
saman):saman jr karn, v.n. To issue a
summons.

782
 S jp, s.m. Muttering prayers or telling

beads, &c. (=jap, q.v.).

H jp [j, fr. jann (cf. S.

'born')+p = Prk. =S. +], s.m. Child-
birth, delivery, accouchement.
H jm, , The seventh letter of the Urd or
Hindstn, and the eighth consonant of the
S jpak, s.m. One who mutters
Ngar alphabet. It has the sound of the English
j as in judge. In the abjad, q.v., it has the prayers and counts his beads, one who recites to
numerical value of 3. In almanacs it stands for himself (=jp).
Tuesday; in astronomy for the sign Cancer. It
may also stand as an abbreviation for the Arabic P jpls, s.f.=pls, q.v.
month jamda`l-ir.
H jpan [S. ], s.m. The causing
H j; the inflected base, in Braj, of the rel. time to pass away, passing or spending time.
pron. jo, and=the Hind jis;e.g. j-su, From
whom, from which; whereby (=jis-se); j-hi, To H jpu, s.m. (prov.)=jp, jpak, q.v.
whom, to whomsoever (=jis-ko).
H j-phar, = H j-phal,
H j (imperat. of jn, q.v.), intj. Be off! s.m. (dialec. & prov.)=j`e-phal, q.v.
away! avaunt!
H j-phal, = H j-phar,
P j [Pehl. g; Zend gtu; S. gtu, rt. g],
s.f. Place (syn. gh):j-ba-j, adv. Here and s.m. (dialec. & prov.)=j`e-phal, q.v.
there; everywhere:j-be-j, adj. & adv. In
place or out of place; right or wrong; at all S jp, s.m.=jpak and jap, qq.v.
times indiscriminately:j-urr, s.m. A
necessary office, a privy (syn. pai-na):j- S jta, vulg. jt (rt. ), part. Born,
nishn, s.m. A locum tenens, a deputy, a
brought into existence, brought forth,
vicegerent; a successor:j-nishn, s.f. Sitting
engendered, grown, produced;s.m. Male
in the place or room (of); lieutenancy,
issue, a son:jt-rp, adj. Embodied, having
vicegerency; succession:j-namz, s.f. A
assumed a shape or form; beautiful, brilliant,
carpet, mat, or cloth on which prayers are said.
golden;s.m. Gold:jt-karm, s.m. A
ceremony at the birth of a child when the navel
H jb [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A string is divided (it consists in touching the
muzzle (for large cattle), ox-muzzle; a net (for infant's tongue thrice with gh after appropriate
fruit-trees); a kind of grass. prayers; cf. ha).

A jbir (act. part. of ), adj. & s.m. H jt [S. ], s.f. Birth, production;
Despotic, tyrannical;despot, tyrant (cf.
high or good birth, respectability, rank; family,
jabbr).
race, lineage; tribe, caste, sect, class; nature,
kind, sort, species, genus;a votive offering (in
H jb, s.m. (prov.)=jab, q.v. the language of Hind women):jt-ndh (or
jtyandha, i.e. jti+andha), adj. Blind from
H jb-sl (corr. of A. jawb- birth, born blind:jt-birdar, s.f. Caste and
sawl, q.v.), s.m. Conversation, talk, kinsfolk, brotherhood, fraternity, &c.=birdar,
conference; reply, rejoinder. q.v.:jt-bh` (or jti-bh`), s.m. One of the
same tribe or caste, a brother by caste, caste-
fellow:jt-bhrash (or jti-bhrasha), adj. &
H jb-sl, s.f.=jb-sl;adj. s.m. Deprived of caste, fallen from caste, out of
Ready at reply, ready-witted; fluent, voluble. caste;an outcast:jt-pt (or jti-pnti), s.f.
Tribe, family, race, lineage, pedigree:jti-
H jb [Prk. ; S. +; hand, s.m. A kind of verse (measured by the
see jb], s.f. A muzzle (for small cattle). number of mtras or metrical instants in each
line):jt-dharam (or jti-dharm), s.m. The
duty of caste, the law or usage of caste:jt

783
den (-k), To make a votive offering (to):jt- H jtr [S. +], = H
subh`o (or jti-svabhv), s.m. Specific or
generic nature or character (of):jt-k hn, jtrik [S. ], = H jtru,
adj. & s.m.=jt-hn, q.v.:jt-laksha (or jti- jtr (prov.) s.m. Traveller, wayfarer, pilgrim,
laksha), s.m. Mark of tribe or caste, specific or one journeying to a religious festival or fair.
generic characteristic or distinction:jt-
mualk, s.m. A recognizance bond:jt-vak S jtak, s.m. A ceremony performed
(or jti-vak), adj. & s.m. Generic (as a after the birth of a child; nativity, astrological
name);a generic name, a common noun calculation of a nativity;a mendicant.
(=jti-vak sagiy):jt-wl (or jti-wl), H jtn [S. ], s.f. Requital,
s.m. A person of high caste, a respectable
person:jt-hn (or jti-hn), adj. & s.m. Void retaliation, return; acute pain, torment, anguish,
of caste, having a low position, outcast;an agony, hell-torment.
outcast:jtyabhimn (jti+abhimn), s.m.
Pride of race, family, or pedigree:jtyukt H jtu [S. ], s.m. Goer, traveller,
(jti+ukta), part. adj. Spoken concerning caste. wayfarer; time; a kind of evil spirit, a rkshas,
goblin, demon.
S jt (fem. of jta, jt, q.v.), s.f.
Female offspring, a daughter. H jt, s.m. Name of a Rjpt tribe in
Karnl (of whom many have now become
H jt (imperf. part. of jn, q.v.), Musalmns).
part. adj. Going; gone:jt rahn, v.n.
(continuative), To go away entirely, to be gone S jti, s.f. See jt, s.f.
for good, to pass away, to vanish, be missing,
be lost, to die. S jt (for jti), s.f. The great-
flowered jasmine, Jasminum grandiflorum;
S jtitva, s.m. (fem. -t), mace, nutmeg:jt-patr, s.f. Mace:jt-
Distinction or nature of caste or tribe; special or phal, s.m. Nutmeg:jt-ras, s.m. Gum myrrh.
generic property.
H jt [S. ], adj. Relating or
H jtr [S. , rt. 'to go'], s.f. belonging to any species, genus, class, kind,
Going, setting off, departure, exodus, travel, caste, family, race, &c.
journey, march; going on a pilgrimage;
pilgrimage; a company of pilgrims; a festive S jtyandh (i.e. jti+andha).
train, procession; procession of idols; religious
festival or fair; a sort of dramatic entertainment; For this and other compounds see s.v. jt,
passing away time; going to and fro, passage, 'birth,' &c.
intercourse; livelihood, means of support; way,
means, expedient; practice, usage, custom; a S jtya, adj. Belonging to a family or
moment (generally a fortunate moment):jtr caste; of the same family, related; sprung from
karn, v.n. To set off, to depart, to travel, &c.; a noble family, noble, well-born; (in Math.)
to go on a pilgrimage (=ziyrat karn). right-angled, rectangular, oblong;s.m. A
person of noble descent;a rectangle:
H jtrik [S. ], = H jtyyat, adj. & s.f. Rectangular, oblong;a
rectangle:jtya-tribhuj, s.m. A right-angled
jtru, jtr (prov.) = H jtr [S. triangle.
+], s.m. Traveller, wayfarer, pilgrim,
one journeying to a religious festival or fair. H j, s.m. Name of a tribe of Rjpts
(who are mostly cultivators); a member of the
H jtru, jtr (prov.) = H tribe.
jtrik [S. ], = H jtr
H j, s.m.=jh, q.v.
[S. +], s.m. Traveller, wayfarer,
pilgrim, one journeying to a religious festival or H jal, = S jli, s.m.
fair.
The plant Bignonia suaveolens.

784
S jli, = H jal, s.m. H jjan [S. , rt. ], s.m.
The plant Bignonia suaveolens. Conducting a sacrifice, causing or assisting
(others) to perform sacrifice, sacrificing.
H jl (j, q.v.+dim. aff. l), s.f.
Name of a subdivision of the Gjar tribe. H jjya [S. ], part. adj. & s.m.
Fit to be offered in sacrifice; to be effected by
H ju, j, s.m.=j, q.v.; cf. sacrifice; to be sacrificed, sacrificial;one on
whose behalf a sacrifice is made; a sacrificer;
also jt.
the person for whom a sacrifice is performed,
the master or institutor of a sacrifice; property
ju`, jw [j, q.v.+S.
H or presents obtained by officiating at sacrifices.
+], s.m. A community of Js; a branch of
the amr tribe. H j, s.m.=j, q.v.

H jh [S. ], s.m. The axis or H jit [S. ], part. Asked,

roller (of an oil or sugar mill, which presses the
grain or the canes), the upright beam (which
moves in the mill);a post placed in the centre
of a tank (to mark its being dedicated to a deity
or married to a grove: cf. lh; lah).
solicited, prayed for, begged, obtained by
begging;s.m. A borrowed article or thing: (in
Law) a particular form of deposit whereby the
holder is allowed the use of the article
deposited.

A js (act. part. of ), part. adj. & s.m. H jak [S. ], s.m. Petitioner,
Kneeling;kneeler. solicitor, beggar, mendicant; suitor, candidate; a
wandering musician (=jjak).
A jjat, s.f. The series of binary
combinations of letters beginning with jm (the
first being jm-alif or j, the second jm-te or H jakpan [jak+Prk.
jat). ==S. (Vedic. ], s.m. Begging,
mendicancy.
H jjak [S. , rt. ], s.m. A
sacrificer, sacrificing priest, a priest officiating H jak, jk, s.m.=jjk, q.v.
at a sacrifice.
H jn [, rt. ], v.t. To
H jjak = H jjk
ask, beg, solicit, pray, request, desire, entreat,
(see jak), s.m. A player on cymbals or on the implore; to want, need.
tabor; a wandering minstrel.
H jan, jn [S. ], s.f.
H jjk = H jjak
Asking, soliciting, begging, &c.
(see jak), s.m. A player on cymbals or on the
tabor; a wandering minstrel.
H jn, v.t.=jn, q.v.
S jjal, s.m. A certain school of the
P jdd, s.f.=j`e-dd, q.v.
Atharva Veda.
P jdaj, s.m.=jda, q.v.
H jjulit [S. , fr.
intens. of rt. ], part. adj. (Old. H.), H jdav, vulg. jdo [S. ,
Inflamed with wrath, enraged, furious. fr. ] , s.m. A descendant of Yadu; a name of
Krisha (as descended from Yadu); a stock of
H jjulan [S. ], s.m. cattle:jdav-pat, s.m. 'Lord of the Ydavas,'
Wrath, rage, fury. a title of Krisha:jdav-kul, s.m. The race of
Yadu.
P jjam, jjim, s.f. A chequered or
ornamented linen cloth spread over a carpet; P jd [Old P. ydu, ytu; Pehl. ytuk;
floor-cloth (=jzam). Zend ytu; S. ytu], s.m. Magic, enchantment,
incantation, charm, conjuring, juggling:jd-

785
on, s.m. Magic, charms, spells:jd atn particle,' the particle that (in Arabic) governs
(-par?)=jd karn, q.v.:jd-fireb, adj. the genitive; a preposition.
Enchanting, bewitching, charming:jd
karn (-ko), To practise incantations, magic, H jr [S. ; or ], s.m.
&c.; to enchant, charm, bewitch, conjure: Vehemence, violence, virulence.
jd-gar, s.m. Magician, sorcerer, wizard,
enchanter, conjurer, juggler:jd-garn, s.f.
Sorceress, witch:jd-gar, s.f. Magic, S jr, s.m. A paramour, gallant, lover.
enchantment, necromancy, conjuring:jd
mrn = jd karn, q.v. S jraj (jra+ja), s.m. (f. -j), The
child of a woman by her paramour, a bastard;
H jdo, s.m. Name of a low caste in adj. Adulterine.
villages (employed in menial offices; syn.
kamn; udra). H jral, s.m. The tree Lagerstrmia
regin (Roxb.), and its wood.
H jdo (see jdav), s.m. Name of a
tribe of Rjpts. H jran (see next), s.m. Fire-wood,
fuel (=jalwan).
P jda (A. jddat), s.m. Way, road,
pathway, highway; the right road; manner,
H jrn [jr = S. (), rt.
practice (cf. jdaj).
], v.t. To light, kindle, burn, inflame
S jya, s.m. Coldness, frigidity; (=jaln; bln).
stiffness, inactivity, apathy, sluggishness,
insensibility; stolidity, dulness of intellect, H jrnau, v.t. (Braj.)=jrn,
stupidity, folly. q.v.

A jib, m. = P jiba (for A. H jr [rt. of jrn+ = Prk. =S.

jibat), f. (act. part. of ), adj. Drawing,
attracting; attractive, alluring; absorbent: ()+], adj. & s.m. Burning, inflaming;
jib-kga, s.m. Blotting paper:quwwat-i- burner, &c.
jiba, s.f. The attracting power, or power of
attraction. P jrb, jrob (j, q.v.+rb, act. part. of
ruftan, 'to sweep'), s.m. He who or that which
P jiba (for A. jibat), f. = A sweeps; a broom, a beson (=jh); a
jib, m. (act. part. of ), adj. Drawing, sweeper:jrub-kash, s.m. A sweeper:jrb-
attracting; attractive, alluring; absorbent: kash, s.f. The act of sweeping; the status or
jib-kga, s.m. Blotting paper:quwwat-i- office of a sweeper.
jiba, s.f. The attracting power, or power of
attraction. H jr [jr, q.v.+ = Prk. =S.
], s.f. Adultery; intrigue;gambling
P jibat, s.f. = P jiba, s.m. (for A.
(=j`).
jibat, fem. of jib), Drawing, attraction;
allurement, charm, grace, beauty, loveliness.
? jr (for A. jri, act. part. of ' to
P jiba, s.m. = P jibat, s.f. (for A. run,' &c.), adj. Running, flowing, proceeding,
progressing, in hand; current, usual; continuing,
jibat, fem. of jib), Drawing, attraction;
continuous, permanent; in use, in force (a law,
allurement, charm, grace, beauty, loveliness.
&c.); prevalent, rife:jr rakhn (-ko), To
keep (a stream, &c.) flowing; to carry on,
A jr (fr. rt. ), s.m. A neighbour:jr-i-
continue, pursue, prosecute; to maintain; to
mulsik, s.m. A near neighbour.
conduct, manage; to extend:jr rahn, v.n.
To continue, subsist; to remain in use, &c.;
A jrr, vulg. jr (act. part. of ' to draw,'
jr-shuda, part. adj. Issued; established, in
&c.), s.m. lit. Who or what drags, draws, or
force:jr karn (-ko), To issue, send out; to
attracts; (in Gram.) a preposition (see arf-i-
begin, start, set on foot, set agoing, to introduce
jr):jrr-o-majrr, s.m. 'The attracting and
(a custom, &c.); to make current, to spread,
the attracted,' a preposition and the word it
circulate; to put in force, to enact; to set up,
goverus:arf-i-jr, s.m. 'The attracting establish, institute; to use or exercise (a

786
right):jr hon, v.n. To flow, to issue (from,
-se), to be issued, be enacted; to be current (as
language, &c., on the tongues of, zabn-par), to
pass current, to circulate; to be in force, prevail;
to proceed (as business), be in progress, to
come into operation.
P jriya (for A. jriyat, fem. of jr),
s.f. A girl, young woman, a maid-servant (so
called because of her activity and running); a
female slave.
inspection, for approval:jka-bah, s.f.
Account book of sales subject to approval of
goods, &c.:jka ben, v.t. To sell
conditionally, or subject to approval:jka le
jn, v.t. To take away goods on inspection, or
for approval, leaving a deposit or pledge with
the vender.
H jkhar, s.m. Name of a
subdivision of the j tribe.

H j [S. ], s.f. (prov.), A root H jkhan, s.m. The wooden

(=ja); the root (of the teeth), the gums; a foundation of the brickwork of a well.
stump; a grinder.
H jg (see jg-n), s.m.=jgaran, q.v.
H j [S. +], s.m. Coldness,
cold; the cold season, winter:j ahn (- H jg [Prk. ?; S. ], s.m. A
ko?), To be attacked with a cold or shivering fit, sacrifice, offering, oblation.
to have ague:j lagn (-ko), To feel cold.
H jg, s.m. A designation of the
H j (fr. j, q.v.), s.f. A row of Bh tribe of Hinds.
teeth.
H jg (part. perf. of jgn), adj.
H jya, s.m.=jya, q.v.
Awake;(jg, q.v.+S. ) s.m. Waking
(=jg):jg-band, s.f. Drowsiness,
P jzam, s.f.=jjam, q.v.
sleepiness.
A jzim (act. part. of ), adj. 'Cutting off,'
rendering quiescent (the final letter of a word). H jg, s.f. (prov.)=jagah, q.v.

A jss (rt.
' to feel,' &c.), s.m. A H jgat [S. ], s.f. Waking;
spy, an emissary. keeping watch; watchfulness, vigilance.
A P jss, s.f. Spying, espionage; the
office or duty of a spy:jss karn, v.n. To H jgt (imperf. part. of jgn), adj.
act or play the spy. (f. -), Waking, awake; watching, vigilant;
active, being in the full exercise of its power,
H jsn, s.f.? (local), The shoe- virtue, or efficacy (as an idol, or a charm or
spell, or a medicine, &c.);s.m. One who is
flower plant, or China rose, Hibiscus rosa awake:jgti-jot (S. jgrat-jyotis), adj.
sinensis (syn. jav). Possessed of or exerting miraculous powers (as
an idol in the full exercise of its divinity, or a
H jka, s.f. A kind of coarse mantra or medicine of ready virtue or
woolen cloth. power):jgte rahn, v.n. To remain or
continue in a state of wakefulness, to keep
H jka (corr. fr. the English), s.f. A awake.
jacket.
S jgrat, adj. Awake; on the
H jkar, s.m. incorr. for next, q.v. watch, vigilant (see jgt).

S jgarti, s.f. See jgat.

H jka [fr. S. + ; cf. jakan],
s.m. A deposit or pledge left with a vender for
goods brought away for inspection or approval; S jgaran, s.m. Waking,
goods taken from a shop for approval, a deposit wakefulness, vigil, sitting up at night (in a
or pledge being left; a conditional purchase; religious ceremony or at prayers), vespers.
articles taken on commission sale;adv. On

787
H jgarn [jgar = Prk. a person):jl-sil, s.f. Coat of mail:jl-
kira, s.f. Sword and sash:jl-lak, s.f.
()=S. ( ), rt. ], v.n.=jgn,
Valerian:jl-me phasn, jl-me ln,
q.v. jl-me ln (-ko), To take in a net, to ensuare,
entrap, inveigle:jl-vant, adj. & s.m. Wearing
S jgrivi, adj. Watchful, a coat of mail;one so covered.
attentive; awake.
H jl [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
H , jgr [S. ++], s.f. A net; a web, spider's web, cobweb: a pellicle; a
Coarse or brown sugar, refuse of sugar; treacle, speck (in the eye), cataract; a large jar, an
molasses (=gu); sugar of the palmyra tree. earthen vessel; mildew (on flour, &c.); a kind of
water-weed (used in refining sugar):jle pa-
H jgn [jg = Prk. ()=S. jn, v.n. To be overgrown with weeds.

( ), rt. ], v.n. To waken, be awake; to A jlis (act. part. of ' to sit'), adj. &
watch, keep vigil; to become vigilant, be on the
alert; to be refreshed; to brighten:jg-pan,
v.n. To waken, wake up, be roused; to brighten
up, &c.
H jg, jgu [jg, rt. of jg-n+ conjurer, juggler.
= Prk. =S. ()+], adj. & s.m. Waking,
wakeful vigilant; one who awakens, one who is
wakeful or vigilant.
s.m. Sitting;one who sits; one of a company.
S jlik, s.m. One who uses nets to
gain a livelihood, a fisherman; a fowler, bird-
catcher, &c.; a spider; a cheat, rogue; a
S jlik, s.f. A net (=jl; jl);
chain armour.

P jgr (j, q.v.+gr, rt. of giriftan 'to H jlik, s.m.=jlik, q.v.

take'), s.f. Land and villages given by
government as a reward for services or as a fee,
S jlma, adj. & s.m. Cruel, harsh,
a rent-free grant, a freehold, a pension (in land,
&c.), a fief:jgr-dr, s.m. The holder of a severe; inconsiderate, rash, acting without
jgr or fee, a feoffee, grantee; a holder of a thinking; vile, contemptible;a despised or
perpetual tenure subject to a quit rent and contemptible person, a low person, one of a
service:jgr-e-dawm, s.f. A rent-free estate degraded tribe or occupation; a rogue; a wretch,
obtained as a grant in perpetuity:jgr-e- a miscreant.
manab, s.f. A grant of land, &c. attached to an
office or dignity. H jln, v.t. (prov.). See jrn and
jaln.
H jgyik [S. ], s.m. S jlin, s.f. A painted room, or
Sacrificer, the institutor of a sacrifice. one ornamented with pictures; a picture gallery.

H jgyiya [S. ], adj. Fit for H jl [Prk. ; S. ; see

sacrifice.
H jl, adj. corr. of ja`l, q.v.
S jl, s.m. A net (for catching birds,
fish, &c.); net-work; reticulated or chain
armour, a coat of mail;grating; trellis-work; a
lattice; an eyelet; a loop-hole; a window;a
sash;magic, conjuring; illusion, deception;
supernatural appearance;the tree Salvador
indica:jl bihn, To spread a net; to lay or
set a trap (for, -ke wste):jl-dr, adj. & s.m.
Reticulated;net-work; muslin, nainsukh, or
other fine cloth embroidered with the
semblance of the scales of fish, &c.:jl
ln, To cast a net (for fish); to set a trap (for
jl, and jl], s.f. Network; a net (for holding
grass, straw, &c.);an ox-muzzle; a lattice; a
grating; trellis-work; lace, bobbinet; the
integument in which a ftus is enveloped; a
coil; a caul; the pellicle or coating of a fruit-
seed (as that of the mango).
H jliy [Prk. ; S. ,
q.v.], s.m. A cheat, rogue, vagabond; a conjurer,
juggler.
A jlns (from the Greek), prop.n.m.
The physician Galen.
P jm [Zend yma; S. yma or yama], s.m.
Goblet, bowl, cup, glass, drinking-vessel; a

788
mirror:jm-e-jam, jm-e-jamshd, s.m. The derived from any root and from which no word
mirror of Jamshd (in which he saw whatever is derived, as tree).
he wished):jm-e-jahn-num, s.m. A
pharos:jm-na, s.m. A room with mirrors P jma-dr, s.m. See s.v. jma.
all round:jm-e-lab-rez, s.m. A cup filled to
the brim, a bumper. P jm-dn (i.e. jma, q.v.+dn), s.f. A
kind of cloth in which the flowers are woven
and not worked (generally musline); a kind of
H jm [Prk. =S. (base
leathern basket or portmanteau (=jma-dn,
)+], s.m. A son; seed (syn. bj; tum). q.v.s.v. jma);adj. Flowered; sculptured;
embossed (applied to utensils of metal, &c.).
H jm [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A
night-watch, a period or watch of three hours, H jmrl, s.m.=jamrl, q.v.
the eighth part of a day.
A jme` (act. part. of ' to collect,' &c.),
H jm [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A adj. & s.m. Collecting, combining, comprising,
comprehending, completing; comprehensive,
fruit tree, the rose-apple, Eugenia jamboo, and
collective, universal, all, whole;collector,
its fruit (cf. jmun).
compriser; compiler;s.f. The congregational
mosque (=jme` masjid, q.v.):jme`u`l-
H jm, s.m.= jma, q.v.
kamlt, adj. & s.m. Comprising, or combining
(in himself, &c.) all perfection, skilled in all
S jmt, = S sciences, most learned;a most learned man,
jmtri, s.m. A daughter's husband, son-in-law &c.:jme`u`l-mutafarriqn, s.m. Collector of
(=d-md, q.v.);a husband, a lord or master; the dispersed or scattered abroad:jme`
the sun-flower, Heliantus annuus. masjid, s.f. The congregational mosque, the
mosque in which the prayers of Friday are
S jmtri, = S performed (so called because it collects the
jmt, s.m. A daughter's husband, son-in-law people for a certain time).
(=d-md, q.v.);a husband, a lord or master;
the sun-flower, Heliantus annuus. H jmik [S. ], adj. & s.m.
Pertaining to the watches (jm); being on watch
H jmbab, = S or guard;one who announces the watches, a
jmbav, s.m. The fruit of the Jambu tree, the watchman, one on guard or watch at night.
rose-apple (=jm).
P jmag, jmg (fr. jma), s.f. 'A piece of
cotton cloth'; match of a gun;salary, stipend,
S jmbav, = H
daily allowance of provisions.
jmbab, s.m. The fruit of the Jambu tree, the
rose-apple (=jm).
H jman, jmun [Prk.

H jmbat, s.f. contrac. fr. or ; S. ], s.f. The tree

jmbavat, q.v.
S jmbuvat, jmbavat,
s.m. Name of the chief of the bears who, with
the monkeys, was an ally of Rma (and
therefore sometimes called a monkey: he was a
son of Pitmaha and father of Jmbavat).
Eugenia jambelana, or Syzygium jambolanum,
and its fruit.
H jman (i.q. jmn, q.v.), s.m.
Sour milk used to coagulate fresh milk,
coagulator, a ferment, rennet (see jamn,
jamn).

S jmbavat, H jmin, s.f.=jmin, q.v.;s.m.

jmbuvat, s.f. The daughter of Jmbavat, and corr. of min, q.v.
wife of Krish and mother of Smba.
H jmn (caus. of jamn, q.v.), v.t.
A jmid (act. part. of ' to congeal'), adj. (prov.)=jamn, q.v.;v.n. To be born; to be
Incapable of growth or increase; aplastic; produced (=jamn; see jm).
styptic; (in Gram.) underived, primitive:ism-
e-jmid, s.m. A primitive or concrete noun (not

789
H jmin [S. ], s.f. Night. bz, adj. & s.m. Sporting with life, risking life,
venturesome, daring, intrepid, spirited,
mettlesome;one who sports with life, a daring
H jmn [S. ], adj. & s.m. or intrepid man, &c.:jn-bz, s.f. The state
Born, or produced in, or belonging to, the land of life being at stake (e.g. jn-bz-ke waqt,
of the Yavanas; Grecian, Ionian; Musalman; 'when life is at stake'); risking life (in battle,
foreign; barbarian;s.f. The language of the &c.); intrepidity, mettle, spiritedness; working
Yavanas; Greek, &c. (at anything) as if life depended on success:
jn-bz karn, To risk life (in battle, or an
H jmn, s.f. corr. of min, q.v. enterprise, &c.); to act bravely or fearlessly, be
intrepid, &c.:jn ban (-k, or apn), To
A jms (corr. fr. Pers. g`o-msh), s.m. save the life (of); to shirk, skulk; to funk:jn
A buffalo (=bhais). ba-aqq taslm hon, 'The soul to be
surrendered to God'; to die, expire:jn-
bash, adj. & s.m. Animating, life-giving;
H jmvant, s.m.=jmbuvat, q.v.
forgiving;forgiver of a capital crime;
pardoner:jn-bash, s.f. Giving life,
P jma [S. , or 'a pair'), s,m. A vivification; sparing life; forgiveness, pardon
garment, robe, gown, vest; a long gown (having (of a capital crime); salvation:jn bar-aqq
from eleven to thirty breadths of cloth in the taslm karn, To give up the ghost, to expire:
skirt, which at the upper part is folded into jn-bar hon, v.n. To survive, outlive:jn ba-
innumerable plaits, and the body part, being lab, adj. At the point of death, dying,
double-breasted, is tied in two places on each expiring:jn bhr hon (-par), To feel life to
side):jma-na, s.m. A wardrobe, a chest be a burden, to be weary of life:jn-bm,
or sack for holding clothes;jma-dr, s.m. s.m. A life-insurance policy:jn-bm karn,
Keeper of a wardrobe; guard;jma-dr- v.n. To insure (one's) life:jn-par n, v.n.
na, s.m.=jma-na:jma-dr, s.f. To be exposed to imminent danger:jn-par
Guarding;s.m.f. The wardrobe-keepers, the bann, v.n. To be in danger of life:jn-par
guards:jma-dn, s.f. A portmanteau, trunk pan, v.n.=jn-par n, q.v.:jn-par (or -pa)
(=jmdn):jma-zeb, adj. Adorned with kheln, v.n. To put life at stake, to risk life, to
dress; becoming (one's) dress; becoming, run into danger, to place oneself in a perilous
conferring grace or beauty;s.f. A beautiful position; to sport or trifle with (one's) life:jn
woman, a beauty:jme-se bhar hon, v.n. pan (-me), To receive the breath of life, to
To be unable to contain or control oneself be quickened; to receive new life, be refreshed,
(through passion, or emotion); to be in an to revive:jn-tarsh, adj. Weakening:jn
ungovernable rage:jme-me phl na taslm karn (apn), To resign (one's) life:
samn, To be so distended or swollen (with jn-jokho, s.f. Risk or danger of life;adv. In
joy) as to be unable to get on one's clothes; to danger:jn urn, jn hupn (apn), To
be transported (with joy):jma-wr, adj. Fit skrink (from), escape (from), to skulk, shirk
to make clothes of; sufficient for a dress, or (=jn ban):jn hun (-k, or apn), To
robe, &c. (=jma-bhar);s.m. A flowered escape with life; to get rid of:jn-dr, adj.
sheet or shawl; a kind of chintz. Having life or strength; powerful, active; lively,
spirited (as a horse);s.m. A living thing, an
P jm (fr. jm), adj. Of the cup; animal (generally implying strength);jn-
dr, s.f. Animation, spirit, spiritedness:jn
prop. n. Name of a celebrated Persian poet.
dbar hon, v.n.=jn bhr hon:jn den (-
par), To yield up life; to lose or sacrifice (one's)
H jmi [S. or +], s.f. A life (for), to die (for):jn-sz, adj. Mind-
sister; a daughter-in-law; a virtuous woman; feigning; dissembling:jn-sipr (or supr),
night. adj. Resigning (one's) life into the hands of
another (an epithet of a lover):jn-sitn, adj.
P jn [Pehl. gn; Zend gaya; S. gaya, 'the Life destroying, destructive of life (as poison,
vital air'], s.f.m. The breath of life, vitality; life, or a snake, &c.):jn-sitn, s.f. The taking or
spirit, soul, mind; self; animation, vigour, destruction of life:jn-sota, adj. Having
energy, force, stamina; the best part, the essence the soul inflamed:jn-soz, adj. Life-
(of a thing); that which imparts life, or beauty, consuming, soul-tormenting, very painful;
&c. (to a thing), ornament, grace, beauty; a heart-inflaming; beloved;jn-se jn, v.n. To
sweetheart, darling;adj. (met.) Dear, give up life, to pass away, to die:jn-se
beloved:jn-firn, s.m. Animator, creator of mrn or mr-ln, v.t. To deprive of life, to
life (an epithet of the Deity):jn-bta, jn- kill:jn-se hth dho-baihn, v.n. To wash

790
one's hands of life, to be weary of life; to
despair of life:jn-fars, adj. Life-
consuming:jn-fiz, adj. Life-increasing,
animating:jn-fishn, adj. Ready to sacrifice
oneself for another, devoted, zealous, fervent;
jn-fishn, s.f. Sacrificing (one's) life in the
service of another, devotion, devotedness, zeal;
hard labour; extreme diligence;jn-fishn
karn, v.n. To be very devoted or zealous; to
practise extreme diligence; to labour or strive
hard, to strain every nerve:jn-k dushman,
jn-k lg, jn-k lew, s.m. Deadly foe,
mortal enemy;jn-k lg hon (-k), To
pursue (one) to death; to persecute, harass,
worry:jn-kh, adj. Life-reducing, soul-
exhausting; heart-breaking, afflicting; affecting,
pathetic;jn-kh, s.f. Diminution of life;
what tends to shorten life:jn-kandan, s.m.,
jn-kandan, s.f., jn-kan, s.f. The agonies of
death, agony, torture:jn khn (-k), To
reduce to straits, to overcome, exhaust; to
worry, tease, vex, annoy, plague, torment:jn
khon (-ke sabab), To sacrifice or give up life
(for):jn-k amn, s.f. Safety of (one's) life;
life, quarter:jn-ke-barbar rakhn (-ko), To
hold (one) as dear as life, to deem precious, to
value or prize highly:jn-ke lle pan,
v.n.=jn-se hth dho-baihn:jn-gudz, adj.
Soul-melting, life-dissolving, life-destroying;
baneful, pernicious; weakening; consuming;
jn-gudz, s.f. Dissolving or taking away of
life; banefulness, &c.:jn-lew, s.m.=jn-k
lew, q.v.:jn mrn (-k), To destroy life, to
kill; to worry, tease, &c. (=jn khn); to exert
oneself to the utmost, strain every nerve:jn-
me jn n (-k, mer), To be revived (=jn
pan); to be satisfied, be comforted:jn-
nisr, adj. Scattering life; ready to sacrifice life
(for another), devoted; dying in agony;jn-
nisr, s.f. Readiness to sacrifice life (for
another), devotedness, devotion:jn-nisr
karn (-par), To devote (one's) life (for):jn
nikaln, v.n. Life to depart, to die:jn-hr,
s.f. lit. 'Clinging to life'; a sudden reviving of
consciousness and life in a dying man previous
to his giving up the ghost (caused by the
weeping and lamentation of those around
him):jn halkn karn, v.n. To make life
wearisome; to worry; to work to death (used by
women):be-jn, adj. Lifeless, dead;
dispirited; listless; weak, feeble, inactive.
jn
H jn [Prk. : S. ; see jnn], familliarity (=jn-kr).
s.f. Knowing; knowledge, apprehension,
opinion:jn-pahn, s.m. An acquaintance, a
familiar friend;s.f. Acquaintance,
familiarity:jn-kr, adj. & s.m. Acquainted,
familiar (with, -se);an acquaintance (=jn-
pahn):jn-kr, adj. & s.f. Acquaintance,
familiarity.
jn
H jn [S. ], adj. & s.m. Knowing,
wise, intelligent; a conjurer; soothsayer;
astrologer (=gyn; ojh).
j
H j, adv. corr. of jah, q.v.
jnn, vulg. jn
A jnn, vulg. jn, s.m. The father of the jinn
or genii; the genii (collectively), the race of the
jinn; a jinn.
jn
H jn [j = Prk. () or ()=S.
(), rt. ], v.n. To go, to depart; to pass, to
pass away; to be lost, to disappear; to be ruined;
to be managed, be accomplished; to arrive,
reach, attain (to); to go on, to continue; to be (in
which sense it is commonly used to form
passive verbs):j-pan (-par), To chance to
fall; to fall (on):j-len (-ko), To catch up, to
overtake; to outstrip: (the root of jn is
frequently prefixed to other verbs, e.g. j-
baihn, To go and sit down, to sit down;j-
ghusn (-me), To go and enter (into), to go
(into); cf. the similar use of the French
venir):jne-den, (permissive) v.t. To let
(one) go; to liberate; to overlook, pass over,
excuse (a fault);jne-do (imperat.), Pardon,
forgive (him); let (him or it) go, let (him) alone;
let it pass, never mind.
jnmi
H jnmi [S. +; or
jn = Prk. =S. +mi = pi = appi =
Prk. =S. +], s.f. (dialec.),
Conjuring; soothsaying, divination.
jnn
P jnn, s.m. (pl. of jn), Lives; souls;
sweethearts; (poet.) a beloved one, a
sweetheart.
jnab
H jnab [jn, rt. of jnn+Prk.
=S. ()], s.m. Acquaintance; kith and
kin; the persons or the things one knows;
jnab-kr, s.m. An acquaintance (=jnab; jn-
pahn):jnab-k, s.f. Acquaintance,
jnib
A jnib, s.f. Side; part; outward or adjacent
part, quarter, tract, or region; party; direction;
postpn. In the direction (of, -k), towards:
jnib-dar, adj. & s.m. Taking a side, partial;a
supporter, second; a patron; a partisan:jnib-
791
dr, s.f. Supporting, seconding; partiality, H jt, s.f. = H jt, s.m.
favour (=taraf-dr);jnib-dr karn (-k),
To take the side or part (of), to support, second; [S. , and +], A wooden trough (for
to show partiality (to), to be biassed in favour raising water); a stone hand-mill (for grinding
(of):jnib-se, adv. From; in the name (of), in corn); a pair of bellows; (local) a weight placed
behalf (of):-jnib, s.m. This person, the on the power arm of a lever (used for raising
writer (of a letter,used by a superior in water):jt-kal, s.f.=jt or jt.
addressing a subordinate). jt
jan-bjh H jt, s.m. = H jt, s.f.
H jan-bjh = H [S. , and +], A wooden trough (for
jn-bjh-kar = H raising water); a stone hand-mill (for grinding
jn-bjh-ke (comp. past conj. part. fr. corn); a pair of bellows; (local) a weight placed
on the power arm of a lever (used for raising
jnn and bjhn), adv. Knowing, wittingly,
water):jt-kal, s.f.=jt or jt.
advertently, advisedly, intentionally, purposely.
jt
jn-bjh-kar
H jt, s.m.=jta, jt, q.v.;
H jn-bjh-kar = H
s.f.=jt, q.v.
jan-bjh = H
jnt
jn-bjh-ke (comp. past conj. part. fr.
H jnt [S. +], s.f.
jnn and bjhn), adv. Knowing, wittingly,
Knowledge, intelligence; skill.
advertently, advisedly, intentionally, purposely.
jt
jn-bjh-ke
H jt [-Prk. =S. ], s.f.
H jn-bjh-ke = H
dim. of jt, jt, q.v.
jan-bjh = H
j
jn-bjh-kar (comp. past conj. part.
H j (v.n. of next), s.f.
fr. jnn and bjhn), adv. Knowing, wittingly,
Examination, trial, assay, proof; appraisement;
advertently, advisedly, intentionally, purposely.
estimate; proximate valuation.
jnibain obl. dual of jnib
A jnibain (obl. dual of jnib), adj. & s.m. jn
On both sides, mutual;both sides or parties; H jn [j = S. (), rt.
the contending parties (in a suit or case):
jnibain-se, adv. From both sides or parties; ], v.t. To inquire into, to ascertain; to
mutually, reciprocally; alternately. examine, verify, test, try, prove, assay,
jn-pan appraise:j-len, v.t. intens. of
and=jn:jne-wl, jne-hr (or -
H jn-pan = H jn- hr), s.m.=jwaiy, q.v.
pan [rt. of jnn+pan, &c.=Prk. or jwaiy
=S. (Vedic )+], s.m. The state H jwaiy [rt. of
of being in possession of knowledge. jn+waiy = Prk. =S.
jn-pan
()++], s.m. One who examines, or
H jn-pan = H jn- tests, &c.; examiner, tester, asayer, appraiser;
pan [rt. of jnn+pan, &c.=Prk. or an auditor of accounts.
=S. (Vedic )+], s.m. The state jnak
of being in possession of knowledge. H jnak [jn, 'life'+S. +], adj.
jn-pahn Pertaining or relating to life or to the living.
H jn-pahn, s.m.f. See s.v. jnak
jn, 'knowledge.' H jnak [S. +], adj.
jnat Possessed of knowledge; cognizant.
S jnat, adj. Knowing, jn-kr
understanding; wise. H jn-kr, adj. & s.m. See s.v.
jt jn, 'knowledge.'

792
 jn-kar jgh
H jn-kar, adv.=jn-ke, and jn- H jgh [S. ], s.f. The thigh.
bjh-ke, qq.v. jghal, jghil
jka
H jghal, jghil
H jka, s.m.=jka, q.v.
[jgh+Prk. or =S. or ], s.m. A
jn-ke past conj. part. of jnn kind of heron, Ardea indica; the snake-bird,
H jn-ke (past conj. part. of Plotus melanogaster. (The long scapular
feathers of the Ardea are used as a badge of
jnn), adv. Knowing, wittingly, &c.=jn-bjh-
royalty among the Khasias, and were once used
ke, q.v.:jn-ke anjn hon, v.n. To pretend or
as a badge by one of the Bengal Irreg. Cavalry
feign ignorance.
regiments.)
jg
jghiy
H jg, s.f.=jgh, q.v.
H jghiy = H
jgar
jgiy [S. ], s.m. lit. 'Relating or
H jgar [jg or jga+r = Prk. belonging to the thigh'; short drawers or
=S. ], s.m. The thigh and leg; the leg: breeches reaching to the thighs or half-way
down the thighs, or down to the knees; a
jgar ton, v.n. lit. 'To break the legs'; to
wrestler's breeches.
wear the legs out, to labour or toil hard, to
drudge. jgiy
jgal H jgiy = H
S jgal, s.m. The francoline jghiy [S. ], s.m. lit. 'Relating or
partridge (=ttar). belonging to the thigh'; short drawers or
jgul breeches reaching to the thighs or half-way
down the thighs, or down to the knees; a
S jgul, s.m. Poison, venom. wrestler's breeches.
jgulik, jgalik jnn
S jgulik, H jnn [jn = Prk. ()=S.
jgalik, s.m.=jguli, q.v. (), rt. ;+n = Prk. =S. ],
jgl v.t To know, apprehend, understand,
H jgl [S. +], adj. comprehend; to ascertain; to become aware of;
to perceive; to recognize; to suppose, believe,
Wild, H jgal, jgl [S. hold, deem, think, consider, fancy, conceive; to
+( )+], adj. Rural, picturesque, judge, esteem, account;s.m. Knowledge,
diversified with hill, vale, wood and water; cognizance, apprehension, opinion, &c. (e.g.
wild, not tame, savage, &c. (=jagl);s.m. hamre jnne-me ` hai):jn-pan (-ko),
Picturesque country or scenery. To become known or clear, to be evident; to be
perceived, to be visible, to appear; to seem, to
jgal occur (mentally, to); to approve itself (to):
S jgal, s.f. Cowach, jn-rakhn (-ko), To bear in mind, to
Carpopogon pruriens; the plant Mucuna remember:jn-len, v.t. To get a knowledge
pruritus. of, to understand, perceive, apprehend; to
recognize.
jguli
jnnau
S jguli, s.m. A snake-catcher;
H jnnau, v.t. (Braj)=jnn.
snake-doctor, one who pretends by charms to
cure the bites of snakes or other venomous jnav
reptiles, a dealer in antidotes; a conjurer. H jnav, s.m.=jnab, q.v.
jgul
jnu
S jgul, s.f. Knowledge of
S jnu, s.m. The knee (=zn); the
poisons; the possession of charms and drugs
and the employment of them as antidotes:the lap:jnu-phalak, s.m. The knee-pan or
pot-herb Luffa acutangula. patella:jnu-sandhi, s.m. The knee-joint.

793
 jno 2nd pers. pl. of aor. or (=kaun jne);He knows, God knows (=woh
conditional of jnn jne or ud jne); na jne, or na jniye,
There is no knowing; who knows?:ky jne,
H jno (2nd pers. pl. of aor. or What does one know?; how does anyone
conditional of jnn), adv. & conj. You would know?; who knows?).
suppose; it seems as if; understand, suppose; , j`o v.n, of jn
that is, videlicet, to wit; like as, as if, as.
jnwar H , j`o (v.n, of jn), s.m. A
P jnwar [jn, q.v.+war = Zend. bar = S. going;(imperat. 2nd. pers. pl. of jn), Go; be
], s.m. lit. 'Having life'; an animal, living off:j`o baiho, intj. 'Go and sit down'; be off
creature;(fig.), a blockhead, fool. about your business (used in contempt).
jnau jw

H jnau, v.n. (Braj)=jn, q.v.; H jw, s.m.=jb, q.v.

adv. & conj.=jno, q.v. jw
jnhr, or jnihr H jw [Prk. ; S. , rt.
H jnhr, or jnihr = H ], adj. & s.m. Twin;a twin, one of a pair
jnhr,or jnihr or couple.
[jnn, or jnni+Prk. or (with jwat

euphon. h inserted)=S. or +], part. adj. H jwat, adv.=ywat, q.v.:jwaj-

Going; passing away; about to go or depart jvan, adv. See s.v. yvat.
(=jne-wl); at the point of death, likely to die, jwatr jwitr
moribund; liable to be lost or gone (money, H jwatr jwitr [S.
&c.);s.m. One about to go or depart, &c.
jnhr, or jnihr +], s.f. Mace (the spice).
jwid
H jnhr, or jnihr P jwid = P jwidn. = P
= H jnhr, or jnihr jwidna [Zend yava (dat. of yu)+t; cf. S.
[jnn, or jnni+Prk. or (with ], adj. Perpetual, eternal everlasting;
jwidn, jwidna, adv. Perpetually, eternally,
euphon. h inserted)=S. or +], part. adj.
for ever, always.
Going; passing away; about to go or depart jwidn
(=jne-wl); at the point of death, likely to die, P jwidn. = P jwid = P
moribund; liable to be lost or gone (money, jwidna [Zend yava (dat. of yu)+t; cf. S.
&c.);s.m. One about to go or depart, &c.
], adj. Perpetual, eternal everlasting;
jnhav
jwidn, jwidna, adv. Perpetually, eternally,
H jnhav, s.f. corr. of jhnav, for ever, always.
q.v. jwidna
jn P jwidna = P jwid = P
jwidn. [Zend yava (dat. of yu)+t; cf. S.
H jn [S. +], s.m. A conjurer;
], adj. Perpetual, eternal everlasting;
astrologer; fortune-teller (=jn; gyn).
jwidn, jwidna, adv. Perpetually, eternally,
jn
for ever, always.
P jn [jn, q.v.+ = S. ( )], adj. Of or jwidn, dj.
relating to the life or soul: cordial, hearty; dear, P jwidn, dj. & adv.=jwidn;s.f.
beloved, darling; aiming at life, mortal, deadly Eternity; the next world.
(as a foe, e.g. jn dushman);s.m.f. Beloved jwak
one, darling, sweetheart.
H jwak [S. ], s.m. The red
jne 2nd. or 3rd. pers. sing. aor. of
colour obtained from the lac insect (syn. alt).
jnn
jwan
H jne (2nd. or 3rd. pers. sing. aor. of
jnn), adv. & conj. One would suppose; as if, H jwan, s.m.=jman, q.v.
&c.=jno q.v.:jne-anjne, adv. Wittingly or jvant
unwittingly. (Some of the idiomatic uses of this
word are noteworthy:jne, who knows? H jvant, adv.=jvat; yvat, q.v.

794
 jwd, jwed Taking a place; taking hold, fixed;
P jwd, jwed, adj. = P jwdn, efficacious;s.f.=jgr, q.v.:j`e-mukft,
jwedn, adj. & adv. = P jwdn, Place of retribution; cause for retribution. (For
jwedn, s.f. See jwid, jwidn, & jwidn. other comp., as j`e-nishn, &c., see s.v. j.)
jwdn, jwedn jy
P jwdn, jwedn, adj. & adv. = P
jwd, jwed, adj. = P jwdn, H jy [S. +], part. adj. & s.m.
jwedn, s.f. See jwid, jwidn, & jwidn. Born;a son, boy:jy-jagah, s.f. Birth-
jwdn, jwedn place, native land.
P jwdn, jwedn, s.f. = P jwd, jy
jwed, adj. = P jwdn, jwedn, adj.
& adv. See jwid, jwidn, & jwidn. H jy [S. ], part. adj. & s.f.
jh Born;a daughter, girl.
P jh [Pehl. g; Zend gtu; S. gtu], s.f. jy
Dignity, rank, high position; grandeur:jh-o-
S jy, s.f. A spouse, wife, one
jall, Rank and grandeur, dignity; splendour,
magnificence, pomp;jh o-manab, Rank and wedded lawfully or according to the ritual:
position or dignity. jy-pati (or -pat), s.m. Husband and wife.
jhil act. part. of jy
A jhil (act. part. of ), adj. Ignorant, H jy, the regular perf. part. of the
illiterate, barbarous; uncivilized, rude, ill-
mannered; silly, foolish; wrong (in conduct); verb jn, is used only in compound verbs; e.g.
s.m. An ignorant person, &c. jy hn, To wish to go; to be about to go:
jhil jy karn, To go habitually or constantly. (The
A P jhil, s.f. Ignorance; paganism (see irreg. part. gay, 'gone,' is not so used.)
next). j`iy
jhilyat for A. , abst. s. fr. jhil, fr. H j`iy [j, rt. of jn+iy = S.
jhil
P jhilyat (for A. , abst. s. fr. jhil, ()++], adj.=jn-hr, q.v.
fr. jhil), s.f. Ignorance; folly; paganism: j`e-patr
aiym-i-jhilyat, The times or days of
ignorance or paganism (the times previous to H j`e-patr [S.+],
the manifestation of Islm). s.f. Mace (=jwatr).
jhnav j`e-phal
S jhnav, s.f. 'The daughter of H j`e-phal [S. +], s.m.
Jahnu,' an epithet of the Ganges. Nutmeg, Myristica moschata.
jh
P j`edd (j, q.v.+dd, 'giving'), s.f.
H jh [S. +], s.f. The great- Place, station; appointment, employment,
flowered jasmine, Jasminum grandiflorum; a service; consignment; an assignment on land
fire-work resembling the jasmine (cf. jh). (for the maintenance of troops, or of an
j` fem. of jy, q.v. establishment, or of a person); estate, property,
effects, assets, funds, resources; the means or
H j` (fem. of jy, q.v.), part. adj. & capabilities of a district in respect of revenue:
s.f. Born;a daughter, girl:j`-jagah, s.f. j`edd-e-ar, s.f. Landed property:j`edd-
Birth-place, native land. e-istimrr, s.f. An assignment of revenue in
j`e perpetuity (with a reservation of a certain
P j`e, s.f. Place; room; ground, &c.=j (of amount of rent and of other Government
which it is the usual form in the construct claims):j`edu-e-zaujyat, s.f. Wife's
state):j`e-`etir, The time or place of property:j`edd-e-sakan, s.f. Habitable
opposition or objection; room for objection: property, houses:j`edd-e-gair-manqla,
j`e-andesha, Place of anxiety or fear; cause for Immovable property, landed property, realty:
apprehension:j`e-bsh, Place of abode: j`edd-e-muta`alliqa-e-ndn, Family
j`e-panh, Place of refuge, asylum:j`e-
property; heir-loom:j`edd-e-manqla,
pesha, Place of business:j`e-se, adj. Proper,
Movable or personal property, personalty,
right:j`e-`ur, Ground of excuse, or of personal effects, goods, chattels:j`edd-e-
complaint or objection:j`e-gam, Place or
m-bihi, Property which is the subject of a
time of grief:j`e-gh, s.f. Place, station,
will.
dwelling, residence (cf. jagah):j`egr, adj.

795
A j`iz (act. part. of ), adj. Allowable,
permitted, possible; passing as right; lawful,
right, proper, sound, valid, good (in law),
authorized, warrantable; admissible, receivable,
competent;s.m. A joist, beam, the piece of
wood which passes across between two walls
(=P. tr):j`izu`l-`etir, adj. Admitting of
objection, abjectionable, exceptionable:j`iz
rakhn (-ko), To allow, admit, receive as right,
lawful, or valid, &c.; to authorize, warrant,
legalize, justify, tolerate:j`iz qarr den (-
ko), To decide to be lawful, &c.; to legalize; to
uphold:j`iz ki, It may be that, possibly.
P j`iza (for A. j`izat, fem. of j`iz),
s.m. Examination, review, verification,
confirmation, checking (an account); signature;
the mark made in examining or checking;
muster;a gift, present, reward:j`iza den,
To undergo examination or scrutiny, to render
an account (of one's charge):j`iza len (-k),
To examine, to check (an account, &c.).
H j`es, s.m. Name of a tribe of
sraj-bans Rjpts.
proper moment:jab-kabh, jab-kabh, adv.
When at any time, whenever:jab-ki, adv. &
conj. At the time when, when; while; since
(temp. & caus.):jab-lag, jab-lo, adv.
(dialec.)=jab-tak, q.v.:jab-na-tab, adv. Now
and then, at times; perpetually, always; never,
not at all:jab-h, adv. At the very time or
moment, whenever, as soon as;jab-h, jab-h-
to, conj. Hence (it is, or was), on that account,
therefore.
P jib, s.m. Tax, tribute; revenue.
H jub [S. ], adj. Young.
A jabbr (superl. or intens. fr. ), adj. &
s.m. Omnipotent, mighty;a conqueror; a
revenger; a tall palm tree; Orion.
A jibl, s.m. pl. (of jabal), Mountains, hills.
A jabn (fr. ), adj. & s.m. Cowardly,
pusillanimous, timid, abject;a coward.
A jibh, s.m. pl. (of jabha), Foreheads.

P j`ifa (for A. j`ifat, fem., rt. ), H jubat [S. +], s.f. A

s.m. A wound or stab that reaches to the belly
(jauf), or to any other vital part; a stab
(punishable by a fine).
P ja`e-gh, s.f. See s.v. j`e.
P j`e-gr, s.f.=jgr, q.v.;adj. See s.v.
j`e.
H jyal, j`el, j`l [S.
+ or ], s.m. (dialec.), Twice-
ploughed land.
young woman, damsel.
H jabadd (prob. ja = j
'born'+badd = bhadd, q.v.), adj. Stiff, rigid;
awkward, clumsy; heavy.
H jabadn, v.n. To be filled; to be
turned down or back; to be folded.
H jabd, s.f. A species of rice
(grown in Rohelkhand).

H jya, adj. & s.m.=jy, q.v. H jabaddiy, adj. Ill-formed, ill-

S jy, adj. & s.m. Conquering,
subduing;a conqueror.
H jab [Prk. or loc. coercion; force, power, strength; violence,
sing. of =S. ], adv. & conj. (correl. to outrage, oppression;the reduction of fractions
tab), When, at the time when; as soon as; in
case; since (temporal and causal):jab-tab,
adv. Now and then, occasionally:jab-tak, jab-
talak; (dialec.) jab-ta`, jab-to, adv. Till
when; till such time as, until; whilst, while; as
long as, so long as; by that (or which) time:
jab-jab, adv. Whensoever, at whatever time:
jab-se, adv. Since that time, since:jab-k, adj.
(f. -), Of that time; past, previous, last:jab-
k-tab, jab-k-jab, adv. At the time when; at the
shaped, clumsy, ungainly, ugly, &c.=jabadd.
A jabr (inf. n. of ' to set (a bone)'; 'to
restore to a sound state'; 'to compel or
constrain'], s.m. Compulsion, constraint,
to integrals; the addition of something for the
purpose of reparation, throwing in something
by way of compensation:jabr uhn, v.n. To
endure oppression, &c.; to suffer; to take
trouble or pains:jabr-se, adv. By force,
forcibly, &c. (=ba-jabr; jabra):jabr karn (-
par), To use or employ force, &c. (on), to
compel, constrain, coerce; to press, bear
forcibly (on):jabr-e-nuqn, s.m. Reparation
or compensation for loss or injury; making up

796
for a deficiency (in quality, &c.):jabr-o- A jubn, jubun, s.m. Cowardice,
muqbala, s.m. Algebra (syn. bj-gait). pusillanimity.

A jabra (acc. of jabr), adv. By force,
forcibly, compulsively, violently (=ba-jabr;
zabardast):jabra bhart karn (-ko), To
enrol or enlist by force, to press, impress:
jabra-o-qahra, adv. By force and violence;
willingly or unwillingly, nolens volens.
A jabr`il, = A jabr`l, dial. vars. s.m. The jaw (cf. jabh, jab).
of jabra`l, q.v.
A jabr`l, = A jabr`il, dial. vars.
of jabra`l, q.v.
A jabart, jabrt (from jabbr; the
termination -t is Aramaic, and=Arabic-yat),
s.f. Omnipotence; the world or sphere of
omnipotence; heaven; dominion.
A H jabar, s.f. Oppression, injury
(=jabr);adj. Compelled, forced, compulsory,
of force.
P jubba, (local) jibba (for A. jubbat,
fem.; fr. rt.
' to cut off'), s.m. An outer robe
or long cloth coat or gown (of any colour), the
sleeves of which reach not quite to the wrist:a
coat of mail, any coat of defence.
H jabh [Prk. ; S. +],
H jibbh [S. +], adj. (f. -),
Having a tougue, tongued (used in comp.):
kal-jibbh, adj. & s.m. Black-tongued;a
black-tongued person, one whose curses are
effective.
H jibhr [Prk. ; S.
++], adj. Talkative, loquacious;
plain-spoken, long-tongued; foul-tongued,
abusive;s.m. A loquacious person, &c.

A jabrl, jibrl, dial. vars. of next, q.v. H jabh, s.m.=jab, q.v.

A jabra`l (Heb. ), prop. n. lit. 'Servant, or P jabha (for jabhat, fem.), s.m. The
man, of God'; the archangel Gabriel. forehead (=jabn):jabha-s, adj. Rubbing the
forehead (on the ground), beseeching, begging
A jabrn, a dial. var. of jabra`l, q.v. earnestly;jabha-s`, s.f. The act of rubbing
the forehead on the ground, beseeching,
H jab [Prk. ; S. entreaty.
++], s.m. The lower jaw-bone; the
H jabh, adv.=jab-h, q.v.s.v. jab. H
jaw, or the portion of the face from the corners
of the mouth to the jaws (cf. jabh):jab-to, jibbh, s.f.=jbh, q.v.
s.m. Jaw-breaker.
H jabahiy, jabhiy (?),
H jab [Prk. =S. adj.=jabaddiy, q.v.
++], s.f. The jaw:jab-band, s.m.
Lock-jaw. H jab, s.f. dim. of jb, q.v.

A jabal, s.m. A mountain, hill. H jibb, s.f.=jbh, q.v.

P jibillat (for A. , fr. ' to create'), s.f.
A jabn, s.f. The forehead (=peshn;
Nature, natural constitution, natural disposition
mth):jabn-s (or s`e), jabn-fars (or -
or temper; original quality or property;
fars`e), adj. Rubbing the forehead (on the
temperament; essence; idiosyncrasy; creation,
ground in adoration or supplication).
form.

A jabalqm, s.m. An amethyst. S jap, s.m. Muttering prayers,

A jibill, adj. Of, or relating to, the natural,
innate, or original constitution, disposition,
temper, or other quality or property; natural,
innate, constitutional, essential (syn. tab`).
repeating in a murmuring tone passages from
scripture, charms, names of a deity, &c.;
counting silently the beads of a rosary, &c.; a
muttered prayer or spell:jap-parya, adj. &
s.m. Devoted to repetition of prayers, engaged
in muttering prayers;one so devoted, or so
engaged, a saint-sage:jap-tap, s.m. Devotion,

797
adoration, worship:jap karn, v.n. To mutter one who has couquered his passions or subdued
prayers, &c. (see japn):jap karn (-se), To the senses; an ascetic, a sage; a chaste
get a Brahman to repeat prayers, &c., or to person:jitendriyat, s.f. Subjugation of the
count his beads (for a sick person):jap-ml, senses or passions; self-restraint, continence,
s.m. jap-ml, s.f. A rosary. chastity:jit-krodh, adj. & s.m. Of subdued
anger, not to be roused to wrath,
S jap, s.f. The China rose (=jav); the imperturbable;one whose anger has been
brought under control.
flower of the plant hurhur, or Cleome viscosa.

H jut [Prk. or ; S. or
S japat, part. Muttering prayers in a
low tone, repeating inaudibly or mentally the , rt. ], adj. affix (com. in comp.),
names of any deity, worshipping. Connected (with), united (with), joined (to);
endowed (with), possessed (of):e.g. dharm-
H japn [jap = Prk. ()=S. jut, adj. Possessed of virtue, virtuous.
(), rt. ], v.t. To mutter or whisper
H jut, s.f. Brilliancy, &c.=jot or joti,
(prayers or spells), to count (one's beads), to
q.v.
repeat (the name of any deity) inaudibly or
mentally, to recite (the bead-roll), to make
mention of. H jitt, jit [Prk. ; S.
+], pron. adj. (f. -), As much, as
H japnau, v.t. (Braj.)=japn, q.v. many, &c. (=jitn, q.v.):jitt-k, adv. For all
that, notwithstanding.
H japu, jap, s.m.=jap and jap,
qq.v. H jut [Prk. ; or S. +],
s.m. The rope which connects the irrigating
S jap, adj. & s.m. Uttering prayers in basket with the handle.
a low voice;one who mutters prayers, &c.
(see jap):jap-tap, s.m. An adorer, a S jittm (jita+t), adj. & s.m.
worshipper. See s.v. jita.

H jat [S. ], s.f. Sort, kind; form, H jutr [Prk. ; S. +],

fashion, manner. s.m. Ploughed or cultivated land;a
ploughman (=jotr).
H jat, jati [S. ], s.f. A kind
of musical rhythm (generally sung at the hol H jatr = H jat [S.
festival). ++], s.m. Family, race, lineage,
house, dynasty.
H jat, (dialec.) adj. & adv.=jais; and
jitt or jitn; qq.v. H jat = H jatr [S.
++], s.m. Family, race, lineage,
H jat, s.m. A machine, &c.=jantr, q.v.
house, dynasty.

H jit [Prk. , loc. sing. of

=S. ], adv. (Braj., correl. to tit),
Where, wheresoever.
S jita, vulg. jit (rt. ), part.
Conquered, vanquished, subdued; overcome,
subject (to), enslaved (by); won, gained,
obtained:jit-tm, adj. & s.m. Self-subdued,
void of passion;one who has brought his
passions under control:jitendr, jitendriy
(jita+indr), adj. & s.m. (f. -), Having the
senses or passions subdued, calm, impassive;
H jats, s.m. (dialec.)=jatr, q.v.
H jatn [jat = jatw = Prk.
() or (), fr. S. p.p.p. of caus.
of rt. ], v.t. To cause to be known,
understood, comprehended, or perceived; to
make known, to inform of, to apprize; to point
out, show, indicate, explain; to declare,
pronounce; to remind; to warn, caution,
admonish; to evince, make a show of (affection,
&c.).

798
 karn, v.n. To make an effort; to take care
H jitn (caus. of jtn), v.t. To (of):jatan-wn, jatan-wat, adj. Energetic,
diligent, persevering; making an effort.
cause to conquer or win.

H jitn [Prk. ; S.
H jutn (caus. of jotn, q.v.), v.t.
To cause to be joined; to cause to be yoked; to +], pron. adj. (f. -; correl. itn; utn,
conglutinate; to yoke;v.n. To be joined; to be titn), As much as; as many; how much;
yoked; to be tilled (=jutn). however much:jitne-me, adv. In as much
(time) as; inasmuch as; on which.
H jut` [rt. of jut-n+` = Prk.
=S. ()], adj. Fit for cultivation; H jitn (fr. the trans. jtn, q.v.),
arable. v.n. To be conquered or subdued; to be won.

H jat`on, v.t.=jatn, q.v. H jutn (fr. the trans. jotn, q.v.),

v.n. To be yoked (as an ox, &c., to a plough or
cart), to be attached (to); to be ploughed or
H jat`on (fem. of jat`on), tilled; to labour, toil, drudge:jut-jn, v.n.
s.f. Reminder; warning, admonition; token intens. of and=jutn.
(=it`on).
H jatn [jatan, q.v.+S. ( )+],
H jut` (from jut-n), adj. Arable adj. Energetic, diligent, persevering; careful.
(=jut`);s.f. Ploughing, tillage, cultivation.
H jatn, s.f. The string or strap
H jatar, s.m. (local) Cultivated land fastened round the wheel of a distaff (syn.
(=jutr). awl).

H jatrn, s.(m.?) Name of a tribe H jatanya [S. ], adj. To

of jts in Rohelkhand. be exerted, or persevered, or striven (after); to
be made as an effort.
S jatru, s.m. The collar-bone, the
clavicle. H jitav, s.m.=jtav, q.v.

H jatasr, vulg. jatsr [S.
++], s.f. A kind of song sung by
women while turning the quern (jt).
S jatuk, s.m. Lac (=jatu);
asaftida.
S jatuk, s.f. A kind of fragrant
plant (com. called akwat);a bat.
S jatu, s.m. Lac, a red dye or pigment
formed by an insect analogous to cochineal:
jatu-putrak, s.m. A man or piece at chess or
backgammon, &c. (coloured with lac).
H jitwn [for jitawwn, doub.
caus. of jtn; w = aww = Prk. or
=S. redupl.], v.t. To cause to be
overcome; to cause to conquer or win (=jitn).

S jit-krodh, adj. & s.m. See H jutwn (doub. caus. of jotn),

s.v. jita, jit.
H jatln, v.t.=jatn, q.v.
H jitln, v.t.=jitn, q.v.
v.t. To cause to be joined, to cause to be yoked;
to have (a field, &c.) ploughed or tilled (by).
S jitwar, adj. & s.m. Victorious,
triumphant; a conqueror, victor.

H jatan [S. ], s.m. Striving, S jitwar, s.f. Victrix, an epithet

exertion, effort, energy, endeavour, diligence, of the city of Benares.
perseverance; carefulness, care; hardship, H jath [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
difficulty; remedy (sy. tadbr; la):jatan A company, band, gang, party, crew (of

799
confederates, &c.), a multitude, mass; a flock; of hair twisted or braided together and coiled in
capital, stock; strength:jath bdhn, v.n. To a knot over the head so as to project like a horn
form a party:jathe-wr, adj. In a body; from the forehead (or at other times allowed to
corporate, joint, common. fall carelessly over the back and shoulders);a
fibrous root, a root in general (=ja); thread-like
H jath [S. ], adv. (correl. stems shooting from the trunk of a tree; a
runner:jatjin (jat+aj), s.m. One who wears
tath), In which manner, in which way, as, like
as, like, according to, comormably to:jathrth matted hair and the hide of an antelope:ja-
(S. yath+artha), adj. & adv. Accordant with j, s.f. The matted and braided hair of iva
reality or fact, conformable to truth, true, exact, rolled on his head; long tresses of hair twisted
actual, real, right, fit, suitable:conformably to on the top of the head:ja-dhar, ja-dhr,
the sense; according to truth or fact; in fact, adj. & s.m. Wearing matted or twisted or
exactly, truly:jathrth-vd (or -bd), adj. & braided hair;one whose hair is matted, &c.;
s.m. Speaking truly or fitly;one who so any mendicant or ascetic wearing the ja; an
speaks; a philosopher:jathrth-vidy, s.f. epithet of iva; an old serpent:ja-dhr, s.f.
Philosophy:jath-jog, jath-jogy (S. yath- The cockscomb flower, amaranth, Celosia
yogya), adv. In a proper manner, as it should cristata:ja-ms, ja-ms, s.f. Spikenard,
be, properly, suitably:jath-sakt, adv. Valeriana jatamasi; or the plant Nardostachys
According to (one's) power or ability, according jatamansi.
to (one's) means (syn. asb--taufq).
H ja, s.m.=j, q.v.
H jati, s.f.=jat, jati, q.v.
S jal, adj. Wearing a coil of
H jati. jat [S. ], adj. & twisted or matted hair.
s.m. Subjugating the passions or senses;
continent, chaste;one whose passions or S jal, s.f.=ja-ms, q.v.s.v.
appetites are completely under subjection; a ja.
religious mendicant (esp. one of the Jain sect),
an ascetic; a sage; a continent man, a faithful
husband; a man with one wife. S jalak, adj.=jal, and ja,
qq.v.
H jutiyn [jt, q.v.+ = w =
H jun (caus. of jun), v.t. To
Prk. or =S. caus. increment], v.t.
unite closely together, to combine; to
To beat with a shoe or slipper (deemed an act of conglutinate, congeal, form into a concrete
great degradation). mass.

H jitek, jatek, adj. dialec. S jayus, = S

var. of jitn, q.v. jayu, s.m. Name of a fabulous bird, the king
of the vultures (the son of Garu, according to
H jitendr [S. +], the Rmya);bdellium.
adj. & s.m. See s.v. jita, jit.
S jayu, = S
S jitya, part. adj. (f. -), To be jayus, s.m. Name of a fabulous bird, the king
overcome; capable of being overcome, of the vultures (the son of Garu, according to
conquerable, invincible. the Rmya);bdellium.

H ja, s.m.=j, q.v. S jait, part. adj. Matted, tangled,

clotted;set or studded with jewels;s.f. Set-
H ja, s.f.=next, q.v.:ja-malang, work or inlay of jewels.
s.m. A pot-herb, the many-spiked amaranth.
S juak, s.m. (f.?) A braid of hair,
S ja, s.f. Matted, or twisted, or any knot or fillet of hair; the matted hair of iva
tangled hair; the hair matted and twisted or of ascetics.
together (as worn by the god iva, and by
ascetics and persons in mourning); long tresses

800
H jaal [Prk. ; S. ; or ja
H juh, s.m.=jh, q.v.
= ju, rt. of jun+Prk. =S. ], s.f. False
or idle tale, a yarn, fabrication, &c.=zaal, q.v.
H jihn [Prk. ; S.
S jail, adj. & s.m. Wearing the ja; +], s.f. The husband's elder brother's
having matted or entangled hair;one who wife (see jeh).
wears the ja, &c.;a lion.
S jahar, s.m. The stomach, belly,
S jaul, s.m. A freckle, mole, mark. abdomen, bowels; the womb:jahargni,
vulg. jahar-agni, s.f. The digestive fire of the
H jal [Prk. =S. stomach, the gastric juice:jaharm,
jaharmay (ra+m), s.m. Water in the
+; or jal = jul; see jaal], s.m.
abdomen, dropsy:jaharnal (ra+an),
Collection; meeting, assembly; union, junction; s.m.=jahargni:jahar-nud, s.m. The plant
combination, confederacy, league; concourse, Cathartocarpus fistula.
crowd (syn. sangha; bhr).
H jahar [S. +], adj. Hard,
S jail, s.f. Indian spikenard
firm; bound, tied.
(=ja-ms); long pepper; orris root.
H jah [S. +( )+], s.m.
H jal, s.f.=jal, jl, q.v.
A professional wrestler (=jeh).

S jain, s.m.=jai, and ja, qq.v. H jah, s.f.=ja, q.v.

H jan [ja = S. (), rt. ], H jaher, adj. & s.m. jeh, jeh,
v.n. To become clotted or entangled; to become jyeshha, qq.v.
rusty (as iron, &c.).
S jai, s.f. The waved-leafed fig-tree,
H jan (ja, prob.=jha, or
Ficus venosa.
jhapa), v.t. To snatch away, to seize or carry
off by force; to snatch, seize; to pilfer; to
H ja [S. ], s.f. Liquorice
defraud, cheat.
(=jeh madh).
H jun [ju = Prk. () or
H ju [Prk. ; S. +],
() fr. =S. p.p.p. of rt. ], v.n.
s.f. A couple;two rupees;a bundle of
To unite, join, cohere; to close (as an open tobacco leaves.
wound); to close (with, -se), engage in close
fight; to adhere, stick; to be stitched; to copulate
(with); to stick fast; to stay, wait; to wait (for), S ja, = H jaiy, adj. &
expect. s.m. Having matted hair; wearing a ja;a
person with matted or tangled hair.

H jau`, jaw [j, q.v.+S.
H jaiy, = S ja, adj. &
], s.m. A community of js;a branch of
s.m. Having matted hair; wearing a ja;a
the amr or cobbler caste.
person with matted or tangled hair.
H jaw [j+S. +], s.m.
H ja-bu, s.f.
A place where js reside, the quarter or district
Medicinal roots and herbs (=ja-b).
of the js.
P jus s a (for A. jus s at, fem.), s.m.
H juh [Prk. or ; S. ], The body, the corporeal form or figure.
s.m. A match, pair (=jo):juh-mil`o, s.m.
Two pieces coming together in the game of H jaj [S. ], s.m. (Old H.) Oblation,
ausar. sacrifice offering.

801

H jaj (corr. from the English), s.m. A judge
(in law).
H jajar, adj. & s.m.=jarjar, q.v.
H jajmn, vulg.
jijmn, jujmn [S. ], s.m. A
person who institutes the performance of a
sacrifice, employs priests for the purpose, and
pays the expenses of it; a customer, a client, one
who has a right to certain services (as those of
the Brhman or priest, or the barber, or
shoemaker, or washerman, &c.); a client to
whose custom Brhmans, barbers, &c. have a
prescriptive claim (the hereditary priest, or
barber, &c., of a village must be paid his fees
whether you choose to employ him or another
person).
P jar, s.m. for A. jazr, q.v. chirurgical;surgery:jarr-k 'amal, s.m.
H jar, s.f. prop. ja, q.v.:jar--ml =
ja-ml:jar-kul, s.f. Root and all, the whole
extent, &c.
H jar [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A
fever:jar-s (S. jwar), s.m. Paroxysm of
a fever.
A jarr, vulg. jar, s.m. Dragging, drawing,
attracting; (in law) dragging forth an offender
for public punishment;foot, bottom,
foundation, base, lowest part (of a mountain);
(in Gram.) the vowel kasra at the end of a word
(cf. jrr):jarr--s aql, s.m. Mechanics (the
science):arf--jarr, s.m. The attracting
particle; a preposition=arf--jrr, q.v.s.v. jrr.
H jar, s.m. corr. of arra, q.v.
S jar, s.f. The becoming old, old age;
decrepitude, the general debility consequent
upon old age;a kind of date tree, Mimusops
kauki;name of a female demon (worshipped
for having united the two halves into which
king Jarsandh was divided at his birth):
jartur (jar+tur), adj. & s.m. Old, infirm,
decrepit, debilitated;an infirm person.
H jur, s.m. corr. of jur`a, q.v. Obtainable, procurable.
H jurr, s.m.=jurra, q.v.
P T jurrb (corr. of A. jirb), s.m. A
stocking, sock; leggings.
A jur`at (inf. n. of ' to be bold'), s.f.
Boldness, daringness, audacity, temerity,
bravery, courage, valour:jur`at karn (-me),
To make bold (in), to have the audacity or
courage (to), to dare, to presume (syn. diler
karn).
S jartur, adj. See s.v. jar.
H jarh [jar = jal+h = S.
+], adj. (prov.), Scorched, half-burnt.
A jarr (fr. ' to wound'), s.m. One
who dresses wounds, a surgeon.
P jarat (for A. jirat), s.f. A
wound; a sore.
A P jarr, adj. & s.f. Surgical,
The practice of surgery; a surgical operation.
A jard, s.m. A locust (syn. i).
A jarrr (v.n. fr. ' to draw'), adj.
Numerous, multitudinous (an army); warlike,
brave.
H jarn (caus. of jarn = jaln),
v.t. To burn, &c.=jaln.
H jurn [caus. of jurn;jur =
jur+ = w = Prk. or =S. caus.
increment], v.t. To get, obtain, procure;v.n.
To be or become composed or comforted, to be
pacified or calmed:jur-den, v.t. intens. of
and=jurn.
H jars, s.m. See s.v. jar, 'fever.'
H jur`o [jur(n)+`o = Prk.
=S. ()], s.m. Procurement.
H jarwa, s.f.=jawat, q.v.
H jurwan [jurw = jur, as in
jurn, q.v.+an = Prk. =S. ], adj.
H jurrh, s.m.=jurra, q.v.
S jaryuj, adj. See s.v. jaryu.
802
A jar`im, s.m. pl. (of jarma), Sins, faults,
crimes, offences:jar`im--affa, s.m. Petty
or light offences:jar`im--sangn, s.m.
Serious crimes (such as are not bailable);
felony.
denial:jar karn (-k), To invalidate the
testimony (of), to rebut (evidence); to call in
question; to cross-question:jar-ke su`l, s.m.
Interrogatories put with a view to invalidating
testimony; cross-examination.

S jaryu, s.m. (f.?), The membrane A jaras, s.m. A bell.

which envelopes the fetus; after-birth,
secundines; the uterus:jaryu-ja, vulg. A jirsm (an arabicized word=P. bar-
jaryuj, adj. & s.m. Born from the womb, sm), s.m. The pleurisy.
viviparous;a man or other animal born from
the womb. P jur`a (for A. jur`at, fem.; rt. ' to
swallow'), s.m. A draught, gulp, sup, sip,
drop:jur`a-kash, s.m. Drinker.
S jarat, adj. Old, ancient, advanced
in years, feeble, infirm, decayed:jarad-gava, H jar-kul, s.f. See s.v. jar = ja.
s.m. An old bull or ox;name of a vulture.
H jarg, s.m. A kind of grass (used
? jaratik, = ? jart, as fodder for horses & cattle).
s.f. An old woman.
P jarga, s.m. Forming a circle, putting in
? jart, = ? jaratik, rank or row (men and other animals);a circle,
s.f. An old woman. ring (of men or beasts); a flock, herd, or drove
(of animals).
S jartil, s.m. Wild sesamum
A jirm, s.m. The body; a body (animate or
inanimate); a flaw, crack (in a precious stone,
H jaruth [S. ], s.m. &c.):jirm--qamar, The body of the moon.
Skinniness, flesh flaccid with old age; loose or
flabby flesh. A jurm, s.m. A sin, crime, fault, offence,
transgression, misdemeanour:jurm--aff,
H jarah = H jarh [S. s.m. Minor or petty offence (such as is
bailable);jurm--ilf-w `--fitr, s.m. An
, and +], adj. Old, decayed, infirm; unnatural offence, sodomy:jurm--sangn,
bent, bowed down; drooping;hard, solid; s.m. A serious crime, felony; a capital crime:
hard-hearted, harsh, cruel;s.m. Decrepitude, jurm-se munkir hon, To deny an offence, to
old age. plead not guilty:jurm--shadd, jurm--
`az m, s.m.=jurm--sangn, q.v.:jurm--
H jarh = H jarah [S. qbil phs, s.m. A crime deserving of death, a
capital crime:jurm qubln, v.n. To plead
, and +], adj. Old, decayed, infirm; guilty:jurm-k murtakib hon, v.n. To
bent, bowed down; drooping;hard, solid; commit or perpetrate a crime:jurm--kabra,
hard-hearted, harsh, cruel;s.m. Decrepitude, s.m.=jurm--`az m, q.v.
old age.
P jurmna (A. jurm+P. na), s.m. Penalty,
S jarjar, adj. Old, infirm, decrepit, forfeit, fine:jurmna bharn, jurmna den,
decayed; thin; torn or broken in pieces, torn v.n. To pay a penalty or fine:jurmna karn,
asunder, broken, crushed; rugged;s.m. The v.t. To impose a penalty, inflict or levy a fine,
banner or emblem of Indra;a kind of aquatic to fine, mulct:jurmna mu`f karn (-k), To
plant, Vallisneria. remit a fine.

H jarimna, s.m. contract. of jarmna,

H jarjark [S. +],
and=jurmna, q.v.
adj. Old, decayed; ragged, perforated, full of
holes.
S jr imbh, s.f. Yawning, gaping
A jar, vulg. jara, s.m. Wounding, (cf. jr imbha).
inflicting a wound; a wound; (in law) an
offence against the person; rebutting evidence;
invalidation of testimony; objection, plea;

803
S jr imbhak, s.m. A yawner; a
P jirra (for A. jirrat, fem.; rt. ) , s.m.
sort of demon or spirit; name of certain magical
The cud which a ruminant ejects from its
formularies for exorcising the evil spirits
stomach.
supposed to possess weapons; name of a spell
that produces drowsiness.
P jurra (for A. jurrat, fr. ;cf. jar),
s.m. (lit. 'Bold, brave; active, swift'); a falcon
S jr imbhik, s.f.=jr imbh, (the male of the bz), Falco saker.
q.v.
A jar (rt. ;cf. jur`at), adj. Bold,
S jr imbhin, s.f. The plant intrepid, brave, valiant.
Mimosa octandra.
H jarr, jar [S. +], s.f.
S jr imbha, s.m. Yawning, &c. Epidemic or pestilential disease; rinderpest:
(=jr imbh); bursting open, opening (as a jar-mar, s.f. Idem.
flower), blowing; stretching, expanding;a
kind of animal. H jariy [jar = ja+iy = S. ],
s.f. The fulcrum which supports the pivot on
H jaran (for jalan; see jaln), s.f. The which the arm of the hekl turns.
act of burning.
H jiriy, s.f.(?) A kind of rice
S jara, adj. & s.m. Old, decayed, (grown in Benares).
infirm;old age, becoming old and infirm;
cumin-seed (=jr); the plant Nigella indica A jarayn, pop. jiryn (inf. n. of ' to
(which yields a pungent seed). flow'), s.m. Flowing, running, flux (of blood,
urine, &c.); gonorrha; gleet (=jiryn-e-
S jara, vulg. jar, adj. Old, decayed; man):jiryn-e -b, Fluor albus:jiryn-e-
shikm, Dysentery, flux:jiryn-e-ma, Fluor
waning.
albus:jiryn-e-man, Gonorrha simplex,
gleet.
H jarn [jar = Prk. ()=S.
(), rt. ] , v.n. To be feverish; to suffer H jarb (for A jard), s.f. A. sort of
from fever. wooden dart with an iron point; a goad; a
staff:jarb aln, v.n. To throw the jarb.
H jarn, v.n. (prov.)=jaln, q.v.
A jarb, s.f. A measuring chain (of 20
gas or 60 Hindstn yards=55 English
H jurn, v.n. To be obtained, yards); a land measure (one square jarb = one
&c.=jun, q.v. standard bgh); a corn measure of 384 mudds
or about 768 lbs.:jarb phekn, jarb ln,
H jurnau, v.n. (Braj.)=jurn. v.n. 'To throw the jarb'; to measure or survey
with the chain:jarb karn, v.t. To make a
survey (of land):jarb-kash, s.m. lit. 'Drawer
H juru`, jurw [joru+S.
of a measuring chain'; a measurer (of land), a
], s.f. (prov.)=jor, q.v. surveyor:jarb-kash, s.m. Measurement or
mensuration (of land); the office of a land-
H jarwn, v.t. (prov.)=jalwn,
surveyor.
q.v.
A H jarb, s.m. A land-surveyor;s.f.
H jurwn (doub. caus. of Anything relating to land-measurement; the
jurn), v.t.=jurn, q.v. cost of measuring, &c.

H jarl, s.m. (dialec.) The tree H jar, s.m.=jat, q.v.

Lagerstrmia regin (=jral, q.v.).
P jarda (for A. jardat, fem. from
P jarra (for A. jarrat, fem.; rt. ) , s.m. , rt. ), adj. Bare; solitary, alone, separate,
A jar, an earthen water-vessel, a pitcher, ewer. unattended (when travelling), unencumbered;

804
s.m. A tally (by which to keep accounts);
account-book; register; volume, book.
H jarel, jurel [S.
++], s.m. A species of rice (cf.
jahan).
H ju (perf. part. of jun), part. adj.
(f. -), Joined, united, attached, appended,
&c.:ju-hu`, adj. Idem.
H ju (contrac. of juwa, not in
use), s.f. (prov.), Joining, join, annexation.

P jarmna (A. jarma+P. na), H jan [j+ = w = Prk.

s.m.=jurmna, q.v.
or =S. caus. augment], v.n. (prov.) To
H ja [Prk. ; S. ], s.f. Root; be cold (j lagn).
origin, foundation, base, basis (syn. al;
bunyd):ja ukhen (-k), To pull up the root H jan (caus. of jan; for n,
(of); to root out (=ja-se ukhen):ja see the preceding), v.t. To cause to set (jewels),
pakan, v.n. To take root; to be firmly rooted to have (jewels) set or studded; to have or get (a
or fixed;ja-pe, s.f. Root and branch; the thing) mounted (with silver or gold).
whole:ja-pe-se ukhn, v.t. To tear up root
and branch, to extirpate:ja jamn (-k), To H jun (caus. of jon and jun,
lay the foundation (of), to set on foot, to i.e. jor or ju++n; see jan), v.t. To cause
institute, establish:ja jamn, v.n.=ja to join, cause to adhere; to cause to couple or
pakan, q.v.:ja kn (-k), To cut the root pair; to cause to be mended, to get (a thing)
(of), to destroy utterly; to undermine, mended;to cheer.
damage:ja-ml, s.f.=ja-pe, q.v.
H jurn (fr. j), v.n. To tear the
H ja [Prk. ; S. ], adj. & s.m. hair (in token of grief or vexation).
Cold, frigid, chilly; motionless, apathetic,
senseless, unfeeling; stolid, stupid, idiotic; H ja` [ja, rt. of ja-n+` =
irrational, inanimate, material; dumb;a
senseless, apathetic, or unfeeling person; a Prk. =S. ()], adj. Set or studded
dumb person; an inanimate body, anything void with jewels jewelled; mounted.
of life; a stupid person, an idiot, a dolt,
blockhead:ja-buddhi, s.f. Dulness of H ja`o, s.m. = H
intellect, stupidity:ja bharat, s.m. A dull or jawa, s.f. [ja, rt. of ja-n+ `o = Prk.
stupid person, an idiot:ja padrth, s.m. Any =S. (); and wa = a`o or w+Prk.
substance that is void of animation:ja-jv,
s.m. A brute; an unfeeling creature (applied to =S. ], The act of setting jewels, &c.
beasts and men):ja-ar, s.f. Inquiry into
the nature of inanimate things:ja-ary, s.m. H jawa, s.f. = H
The action or property of any manimate
ja`o, s.m. [ja, rt. of ja-n+ `o = Prk.
substance:ja-kriya, adj. & s.m. Working
slowly or stupidly, dilatory; a dilatory or =S. (); and wa = a`o or w+Prk.
sluggish person. =S. ], The act of setting jewels, &c.

H ja [Prk. ; S. +], s.m. H jawar = H

Cold, frost, winter (com. j);dulness,
apathy, sluggishness of body or mind; stupidity,
fatuity, idiotcy.
H ja [S. ], s.f. Cowach,
Carpopogon pruriens; the plant Mucuna
pruritus.
jaawal [j+Prk. (with euphon.
inserted)=S. ++], s.f. Winter clothes,
winter dress, warm clothing.
H jaawal = H
jawar [j+Prk. (with euphon.

H ja (perf. part. of jan, q.v.), part. inserted)=S. ++], s.f. Winter clothes,
adj. (f. -), Set (as a jewel, a stone in a ring, winter dress, warm clothing.
&c.); mounted (with silver or gold).

805
H ja` [ja, fr. jan+` = Prk.
H jan, v.t. To shake off (=jhn;
=S. ()++], s.f. The act
jhakn).
of setting jewels, &c. (=ja`o); the price of
setting jewels.
H jun (fr. the trans. jon, or i.q.
H ju` (ju, fr. jun+`; see jun, q.v.), v.n. To be joined, be attached; to
the preceding), s.f. The act of joining, soldering, join, unite; to copulate; to come to hand, be got,
&c.; the price of joining, mending, &c. be had. be obtained or procured.

H jait [S. +], part. adj. Set H juw, s.f.=ju; juw`,

(with jewels); studded, jewelled; bedecked. q.v.

H jaat [S. jaat], s.f. = H H juw, s.m. A twin, twins; a

pair (cf. jown).
jaat` [S. jaat+ik], s.f. = H
jaatva (S. jadatva), s.m. Coldness, H jawn (doub. caus. of
chilliness; immovableness, stiffness, rigidity, jan), v.t.=jan, q.v.
torpor; apathy, insensibility, stolidity, stupidity,
stupefaction.
H juwn (doub. caus. of
jon), v.t.=jun, q.v.
H jaat` [S. jaat+ik], s.f. =
H jaat [S. jaat], s.f. = H H jaw` (fr. jawn, cf. next),
jaatva (S. jadatva), s.m. Coldness, s.f.=ja`, q.v.
chilliness; immovableness, stiffness, rigidity, H juw` [juw, rt. of juw-
torpor; apathy, insensibility, stolidity, stupidity,
stupefaction. n+` = Prk. =S.
()++], s.f. The state of being joined
H jaatva (S. jadatva), s.m. = H or attached, adhesion.
jaat [S. jaat], s.f. = H
H jawa (fr. ja), s.f. The trunk of
jaat` [S. jaat+ik], s.f. Coldness,
a tree.
chilliness; immovableness, stiffness, rigidity,
torpor; apathy, insensibility, stolidity, stupidity,
stupefaction. H jaw (fr. ja), s.f. The small
shoots of the rice plant when it first springs
H ja-kriya (S. jaa-kriya), adj. from the ground.
& s.m.; see s.v. ja.
H juh [rt. of jun+S. +],
H jaul (S. jaula), s.m. A freckle, s.m. Twins (=juw).
&c. (=jaul, q.v.).
H jaha (fr. j), s.m. Rice
cropped at the end of the rains or at the
H jaan (i.q. jan, q.v.), s.f. The act
commencement of the cold season.
of setting (jewels), &c.
H ja [ja, q.v.+S. ], s.f. The root
H jan [ja = S. (), rt. ;
of a medicinal herb (as of the mir khand,
or jan = jon], v.t. To join, attach, cause to which is used as an antidote to snake-bites); the
stick or adhere; to put in, to stick on; to fix, set root of the common ber (grbel):ja-b, s.f.
(jewels), stud, bestud, inlay, enchase, mount Medicinal herbs, drugs, simples.
(with silver or gold, &c.); to lay on (a blow), to
strike;to make a complaint or charge against
H jaiy [ja, rt. of jan+S.
(-k); to speak ill of:ja-jn, v.n. To be
joined, to unite, to stick or adhere; to take root, ( )+], s.m. A setter of jewels; a
to germinate; to throw out roots:ja-den, v.t. jeweller;a sodomite (low);a helper, an
intens. of and=jan. assistant;a striker.

806
 P jiz-biz, adj. Offended, displeased, put
H ja [ja+Prk. =S. out:jiz-biz karn, v.n. To fume, fret, rave
helplessly.
()+], s.m. Bramble, brushwood.
A jazr, s.m. The ebb-tide, reflux (of the
H jal [ja+Prk. =S. sea):jazr-o-madd, s.m. The ebb and flow (of
the tide).
+], adj. (f. -), Having a root.
H jazar, s.m. corr. of jar, q.v.
P juz (contrac. of judaz, i.e. juda+az, qq.v.),
prep. & adv. Besides, except;ba-juz, prep. A jazm, s.m. Deciding, resolving; decision,
With the exception (of), excepting. determination;amputation; the orthographic
sign or mark () written over the final consonant
A juz (for , v.n. fr. ), s.m. Part, portion; of all shut syllables, and serving, when another
particle; component part, ingredient; part or syllable follows, to separate the two:bi`l-
section of a book (consisting of eight leaves); a jazm, adj. With decision or determination, in
printer's sheet; a quire (of paper); a metrical earnest.
foot (pl. ajz):juz-band, s.f. Stitching the
parts of a book together, book-binding:juz- A juzw, s.m.=juz, q.v.
dn, s.m. A cloth in which books are wrapped
up, a satchel: a port-folio:juz-ras, adj. A juzw, adj. Relating to a part or portion,
Penetrating, sagacious; frugal, thrifty, pantial, in part, few; particular; trivial, petty;
economical; penurious:juz-ras, s.f. Sagacity; s.f. A little; a particular.
frugality, economy, &c.:juz-kash, s.f.
Acquisition of knowledge (by reading):juz- A juzwiyt, s.f.pl. (of juzw), Parts;
gr, s.m. An instrument used for keeping a book particulars.
open when reading or writing;a port-folio:
juz-e-l-yutajazz, s.m. An undivisible atom, A juz`, adj. & s.f.=juzw, q.v.:juz`-o-
anything too small to be divided, a monad: kull, s.f. Part and all; wholeness, totality,
juz`u`l-k`ab, s.m. The cube root (syn. ghan- integrity.
ml):juz-o-kull, s.m. adj. & adv. Part and all,
the whole; particulars;great and small A juz`yt, s.f.pl. (of juz`), Small parts,
(matters), all;totally, in toto, entirely; particulars, minuti.
collectively.
P jazra (for A. jazirat, fem.), s.m.
A jaz (v.n. fr. ), s.f. Repayment, An island; a peninsula:jazra-num, s.m. A
requital, return, retaliation, satisfaction, peninsula (lit. 'resembling an island').
compensation, amends; reward, recompence;
(in Gram.) an apodosis, the complement or P jizya, vulg. jazy (for A. jizyat,
correlative of a condition (or shart):arf-e- fem.; rt. ' to give as a satisfaction,' &c.),
jaz, s.m. A particle denoting compensation, or s.m. A capitation-tax levied on the non-Muslim
the complement of a condition; a conditional subjects of a Mohammadan government; (local)
particle. a house-tax on the inhabitants of towns not
engaged in tillage.
A jaz-k-allh (jaz, 3rd pers. sing. perf.
of used optat.+ka, pers. pron.+allh), May H jas, pron. adv. (prov.)=jais, q.v.:
God reward thee! God bless thee!;intj.
jas-hu-tas-hu, adv.=jais-tais, q.v.s.v. jais.
Bravo!

A jaz`ir, s.m.pl. (of jazra), Islands. H jas [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.

Celebrity, fame, renown; reputation, name,
A jaz`il (pl. of jazl, 'great, large'; but character; truthfulness, probity; virtue, merit,
used by the Persians as a sing.), s.m. A large good; luck:jas-apajas, s.m. Good and bad;
musket or rifle (used with a prong or rest); a good or evil; fame or infamy:jas-pat, jas-pati,
wall-piece; a swivel:jaz`il-andz, s.m. One adj. & s.m. Famous, renowned, reputable,
who fires a wall-piece or swivel. excellent;a famous person, a celebrity:jas
karn, v.n. To make a reputation or name, to
P jaz`il-, vulg. jazail-, s.m.=jaz`il- acquire celebrity, to distinguish oneself.
andz, q.v.

807
H jis, Old H. jas [S. , gen. P just [v.n. of justan, Pehl. zytan; Zend
jad; S. gad], s.f. Searching; search:just-j,
of , base ; Prk. , with the fem. form ji just-o-j, s.f. Searching, seeking; search,
instead of ja, for the base]; the formative, or inquiry, quest, scrutiny, examination,
inflective base of the oblique cases, of the sing. investigation:just-o-j karn, v.n. To search,
of jo 'who,' &c.:jis-par, adv. Upon which, seek, &c.
whereupon:jis-par bh, adv. Upon which
even, notwithstanding which:jis-tis, pron. H just (see just), adj. Strong, sharp,
Whomever; that which; whatever; some one or pungent; harsh, violent, passionate; clear.
other:jis-jnib, adv.=jis-taraf, q.v.:jis-jis,
pron. Whomever; whichever; each of which: H jast, s.m.=jast, q.v.
jis-jis-jagah, jis-jagah, adv. In whatever
different places, wherever, where:jis-dam,
H just (corr. of jussa), s.m. Power,
adv. When; while, whilst:jis-se, adv. From
strength.
whom; wherefrom, from which; whereby; by
means of or through whom or which:jis-
P jasta (perf. part. of jastan; see jast), part.
tara, adv. According to; in whatsoever
Leaped;having leaped.
manner; as;jis-tara ho or ho-sake, As can be
managed, anyhow; at any rate:jis-taraf, adv. P justa (perf. part. of justan; see just), part.
In whatever direction or quarter, wherever, adj. Searched for, sought.
whithersoever:jis-qadr, adv. To what degree
or extent; as much as; whatever, whatsoever:
jis-kar-ke, adv. By means of which, whereby: H jast [jast, q.v.+( )+], adj.
jis-kis-k, jis-kis-ko, gen. & dat. of jo-ko`, Of, or made of, zinc, or pewter; pewter.
q.v.s.v. jo:jis-maqm-par, jis-mauqe`-par,
adv.=jis-jagah, q.v.:jis-waqt, adv.=jis-dam, A jasad, s.m. The body (with the limbs or
q.v. members).

P jasrat (for A. jasrat, inf. n. of H jasud, s.f.=jasod, q.v.

' to be bold'), s.f. Boldness, daring, courage,
intrepidity; temerity, presumption. A jisr, s.m. A bridge (syn. pul).
A jusm, jism (wh. is prop. pl. of jasm),
H jasas [S. ], s.m. Glory,
adj. Great, large, big, bulky; big-bodied,
corpulent. fame, &c (=jas, q.v.):jasas-km, adj.
Desirous of glory or fameambitious:jasas-
P jasmat (for A. jasmat, inf. n. of kar, adj. Conferring glory, &c.:jasaswn,
' to be large'), s.f. Corpulency, bulkiness; adj.=jasasw.
body; dimension.
H jasasw [S. ], adj.
A P jusm (fr. jusm, q.v.), s.f. Famed, renowned, celebrated.
Corpulence (=jasmat).
A jism, s.m. The body (with the limbs and
H jaswar, s.m. A small tribe of members); a body or material substance, a solid
Rjpts in Mathura. (pl. ajsm):jism-e-jamd, s.m. A metallic
body, a mineral:jism-e-aiwn, s.m. Animal
H jas-pat, adj. & s.m. See s.v. jas. body:jism-e-nabt, s.m. A vegetable body or
substance.
P jast [Pehl. jat; Zend, jah; S. jas], s.f. A jismn (prop. jusmn), adj. Of or
Leaping, jumping; leap, jump, bound, spring: belonging to body, corporeal; material; carnal.
jast karn, jast mrn (-par), To leap or spring
(upon); to leap, jump, bound, spring. P jismnyat (for A. , fr. jismn),
s.f. Materiality, &c.
H jast, s.m. Zine, spelter; tutenag;
prince's metal; pewter:rp-jast, s.m. A jism (rel. n. fr. jism), adj. Bodily,
Pewter:kl jast, s.m. A sort of blende, or corporeal; personal.
sulphuret of zinc.
P jismyat (for A. , fr. jism), s.f.
Bodiliness, corporeity, materiality.

808
 S jishu, adj. Victorious,
H jasu, pron. adv. (Braj)=jais, q.v. triumphant; conquering, winning, gaining;
excelling;s.m. The sun; an epithet of Indra, of
H jasu-mati, = H Vishnu, and of Arjun; name of a Vasu; name of
a son of Manu Bhautya; name of the father of
jaso-mati, s.f.=jasod, q.v. Brahma-gupta.

H jaso-mati, = H P jashn (jashn, q.v.+ = S. ), adj. Fond

jasu-mati, s.f.=jasod, q.v. of feasting; voluptuous, luxurious.

P ja`ba (for A. ja`bat, fem.), s.m. A

H jasod [Prk. ; S. quiver (for arrows).
+], s.f. lit. 'Glory-giving'; name of the
wife of the cow-herd Nanda and foster-mother A ja`d, s.f. Crisp or curly hair; a ringlet, a
of Krishna. lock of hair.

A ja`far, s.m. A river;a proper name (of

H jaswant = H a man).
jasw = H jas [Prk. =S.
P ja`far, vulg. jfr (rel. n. fr. ja`far, a
+ ], adj. Possessing honour or glory,
man's name), s.f. The purest kind of gold;the
renowned, famous, celebrated, illustrious, yellow flower Linum trigynum (syn. gul-e-
glorious. ashraf);a kind of cupola;a sort of screen
(the interstices of the frame being lozenged);
H jasw = H lattice-work; a bamboo frame (in these senses
jaswant = H jas [S. ], adj. perhaps a corruption of the A. afra).
Possessing honour or glory, renowned, famous,
A ja`l, vulg. jl (inf. n. of ' to make a
celebrated, illustrious, glorious.
thing'), s.m. A fabrication, a counterfeit;
forgery:adj. Counterfeit, forged:ja`l bann
H jas = H jaswant (-k), To make an illicit imitation (of), to
= H jasw [S. ], adj. fabricate, to forge:ja`l-sz, s.m. One who
counterfeits; a forger:ja`l-sz, s.f.
Possessing honour or glory, renowned, famous,
Fabrication, counterfeiting, forgery:ja`l-se,
celebrated, illustrious, glorious.
adv. By fraudulent means, corruptly, dish
mestly:ja`l karn, v.n. To commit forgery, to
A jasm, adj. Bulky, large, corpulent, fat.
forge.
H ja, s.m.=jas, q.v. A ja`l (rel. n. fr. ja`l), adj. Forged,
fabricated, counterfeit, fictitious, artificial;
H jush [S. ], s.m. The crumbs, spurious, false, supposititious (as a child).
remnants or leavings of a meal (=jhh).
H ja`liy [ja`l+S. ], s.m. A forger,
H jush [S. +], part. Served, &c.=ja`l-sz.
obliged; worshipped, gratified by service.
? ja`lyat (for A. ), s.f. Forgery; the
being forged or counterfeited.
H jashi, s.f.=yashi, and jeh,
q.v.:jashi-madhu, s.m.=jeh-madh, q.v. ? jugrt, s.m. (?), Sour or coagulated
milk.
S jushkak, s.m. The water of
boiled pulse, pease soup, porridge, &c. A jugrfiya (the Gr.
Arabicised), s.m. Geography (syn. bh-gol-
P jashn, vulg. jashan [Pehl. yan, yajashn; vidy).
Zend yana, rt. yaz; S. , rt. ], s.m. A A jaff, juff, s.m. A company, troop, or body
banquet, feast, festival, jubilee; rejoicing, joy of men or people (syn. guroh);juff, Anything
(=ush). hollow; an old worn-out man.

809
A jaf (v.n. fr. ), s.f. (orig. 'roughness or H jaka-band (rt. of jaka-
rudeness,' but, by the Persians, used in the sense
n+band), adj. Tight, fast bound, well-strung;
of) Oppression, violence, cruelty, injury,
struck with cold or rheumatism.
injustice, hardship:jaf-pesha, jaf-j, jaf-
she`r, jaf-kr, adj. & s.m. Oppressive,
tyrannical, unjust, cruel;a tormentor, H jaka-kar = H
oppressor, tyrant:jaf-kr, s.f. Oppression, jaka-ke (past. conj. part. of jakan),
tyranny:jaf-kash, adj. Enduring oppression adv. Tight, tightly:jakake bdhn, v.t. To
or hardship; hard-working, energetic:jaf- tie tight.
kaf, s.f. Trial, hardship, calamity:jaur-o-jafa,
s.f.=jaf, q.v.
H jaka-ke = H
P juft [Zend yaoiti; S. yti], s.m. Evenness; jaka-kar (past. conj. part. of jakan), adv.
an even number; a pair, couple, match, mate (in Tight, tightly:jakake bdhn, v.t. To tie
general); a pair of shoes;adj. Even (not odd, tight.
opp. of tq).
H jakan [jaka prob.=S.
P jufta [perf. part. of juftan; Zend yta, rt.
+ ], v.t. To draw tight (as a knot, &c.), to
yu = S. ], adj. & s.m. Bent; wrinkled; running
tighten, to tie tight; to bind, to fasten, to pinion;
together (the threads in cloth);a wrinkle; to put in the stocks:jaka-jn, v.n. To
crease; flaw, blemish:jufta pan or pa-jn become stiff or rigid; to be firmly or tightly
(-me), A wrinkle, or crease, &c. to be bound; to be closely joined or placed together,
occasioned (in). to be closely packed.
P juft (see juft), s.f. Coupling, pairing (of
H jaksh, = H jakh, [Prk.
animals);a parallel ruler:juft khn, juft
karn, v.n. To copulate, to pair (as animals). ; S. ], s.m. A kind of demi-god,
attendant especially on Kuvera, and employed
A jafr, vulg. jafar, s.m. (lit. 'a lamb or kid in the care of his gardens and treasures (cf. jak).
that has begun to pasture'), The art of divination
(by examining the entrails of a lamb, &c.); the
H jakh, = H jaksh, [Prk.
art of making amulets or charms:`ilm-e-jafr,
Idem. ; S. ], s.m. A kind of demi-god,
attendant especially on Kuvera, and employed
P jaffa, juffa (for A. jaffat, fem.), s.m. A in the care of his gardens and treasures (cf. jak).
company, troop, body (=jaff).
H jukhn (caus. of jukhn and
H jak (i.q. jakh, q.v.), s.m. The animal jokhn), v.t. To cause to weigh or to be
which is killed and buried along with treasure weighed; to have weighed or measured:
as a guard; the guard of buried treasure; (met.) a jukh-jn, v.n. To be weighed or measured.
miser (also called jak-k gumshta).
H jukh` [jukh(n)+` = Prk.
P jak, s.m. (?), The fifteenth night of the
month Sho`bn (syn. shab-e-bart). =S. ++], s.f. Weighing;
measuring;the weighman's fee.
S ja-kr, s.m. See s.v. ja.
H jakhir (prob. corr. of ara),
H jukn, v.t.=jukhn, q.v. s.m. A mass or heap of lumber or rubbish
(especially such as is piled up to be burnt).
H jakwant, adj.
H jakhan (ja = jis, q.v.+S. kshaa),
(prov.)=jhakwant, q.v.
pron. adv. (prov.correl. takhan), What time,
when; at whatever time.
H jukti, s.f. Joining, junction, union,
&c.=yukti, q.v. H jukhn (fr. the trans. jokhn,
q.v.), v.n. To be weighed or measured.

810
H jakhn [S. ], s.f. Wife of jagopavt, s.m. One who is invested with the
a jakh, q.v.; a sort of female fiend attached to
the service of Durg, and frequently
maintaining, like a sylph or fairy, an intercourse
with mortals.
H jak, adj. & s.m. (prov.)=jhak;
and jhakk; qq.v.
H jag [Prk. ; S. q.v.], s.m. yoke;an age, a period, an epoch, a cycle; an
The world, earth, universe:jag-dhr, s.m.
'The support of the universe,' the Supreme
Being:jag-bandhu, s.m. 'Friend of the world,'
God:jag-plak, s.m. 'Preserver of the world,'
the Supreme Being; a sovereign or king:jag-
pati, s.m. 'Lord of the universe'; an epithet of
Vishnu, and of iva; a king or prince:jag-
trak, jag-tra, jag-trt, s.m. The Saviour of
the world; the Ganges (according to the Hind
religion):jag-jn, s.m.f. An epithet of any
living creature:jag-jagat, s.m. The
universe:jag-janan, s.f. 'Mother of the
universe'; any chief goddess (as Prvat,
&c.):jag-joni, s.m. An epithet of Brahma:
jag-jt, adj. Victorious over the world:jag-
jv, s.m. A living creature:jag-jvan, s.m. An
epithet of the Supreme Being as the giver of
life:jag-rj, jag-ry, jag-r`, jag-ry, s.m.
'Monarch or Lord of the Universe,' the Supreme
Being:jag-dhr, s.m. 'Upholder of the world,'
the Supreme Being; (in Myth.) any chief
deity:jag-kartr, s.m. 'Creator of the world';
Brahma:jag-ghoni, s.m. An epithet of
Brahma:jag-ml, s.m. 'Root or foundation of
the universe'; God:jag-mohan, s.f. An epithet
of any very charming woman:jag-nivs, s.m.
Inhabiting the universe, dwelling in the
world:jag-nivs, s.m. An inhabitant of the
world:jag-vs, s.m.=jag-nivs:jag-vait,
jag-vanak, s.m. 'Deceiver of the world,' a great
hypocrite:jag-vikhyt, adj. & s.m. Of world-
wide renown; a person of world-wide
renown:jag-vikhyti, s.f. World-wide
celebrity:jag-vyavahr, s.m. The way of the
world, universal custom:jag-hans`, s.f.
Cause of universal or general laughter;
whatever causes general laughter:jagevar,
vulg. jag-gsar (jag+vara), s.m. 'Lord of the
universe'; an epithet of Vishu, and of iva.
sacrificial thread.
H jug [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A
pair, couple, brace; a term used in the game of
ausar when two or more pieces come together
on the same square (opp. of a blot).
H jug [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A
astronomical cycle of five years, a lustrum; (in
Myth.) an age of the world, a long mundane
period of years (of which there are four, viz.
Krit or Satya-jug, Tret, Dwpar, and Kal, of
which the first three have already elapsed, while
the Kal is that in which we are supposed to
live; the first comprises 1,728,000 years; the
second, 1,296,000 years; the third, 864,000
years, and the fourth, 432,000 years, of which
nearly 5,000 have already elapsed);a measure
of length of four cubits; a symbolical
expression for the number 4, and sometimes for
the number 12; a very long time or period:a
thread (in brocade-working):jugdar, jugdar
(S. yuga+d), adj. Very old, ancient, antiquated
(man or animal):jugnt (S. yuga+anta), s.m.
The end of an age; a destruction of the
universe;adj. For an age, for all time:jugnt
bandhu, s.m.f. A fast friend:jugntar (S.
yuga+ant), s.m. & adv. Another epoch;in the
midst of an epoch; from age to age:
jugnujug, vulg. jugnjug (S. yuga+anu), adv.
From one age to another, from age to age,
during successive ages, to the ages of ages, for
ever and ever, to all eternity:jug-pat, adv. At
one and the same time, together, conjointly; at
once, suddenly:jug phn, v.n. To become
estranged, to fall out:jug-phon (-k), To
cause a difference (between friends), to divide,
part, or sunder (close friends, &c.):jug-jug,
adv. From age to age, for ever, constantly,
perpetually, eternally:jug-jo, adv. With the
two hands clasped (as in earnest entreaty):
jug-ln or l-den (-me), To put a thread
(in brocade-work):jug-vidhi, vulg. jug-bidhi,
s.f. The quality or manner of a jug, q.v.:jug-
vyavasth, s.f. The laws or economy of a jug.
H jag, s.f. corr. of jagah, q.v.

H jag [Prk. ?; S. ], s.m. A H jag, part. adj. contrac. of jg, q.v.

feast, an entertainment; a sacrifice or religious
ceremony in which oblations are presented: H jag-jot = H
jag-jagat, s.m.=jag:jagopavt (S.
yajn+upavta), s.m. The sacrificial thread jag-jyoti [S. + ], s.f.
originally worn by the Brhman, the Kshatriya, Brightness, brilliancy, splendour, much light.
and the Vaisya, as distinctive of their castes, but
now confined to the Brhmanical order:

811
H jag-jyoti = H S jugupsit, part. Censured,
jag-jot [S. + ], s.f. reproached, abused.
Brightness, brilliancy, splendour, much light.
S jugupsan, s.m.=jugups.
H jugdar, adj. See s.v. jug.
S jagat (chargeable, in
H jugl, s.m.=jugal, q.v. combination, to jagad, jagan, &c.), s.m. The
world, the universe; men and animals, created
things;a buttress; a curb of masonry round a
H jugl (v.n. fr. next), s.m. The well;adj. Movable, locomotive, transitory:
cud. jagat-amb, prop. jagad-amb, jagad-ambik,
s.f. 'The mother of the world,' a name of Durg
H jugln [jugl = S. + or Prvati:jagad-indra, s.m. An epithet of
Indra:jagat-tm, prop. jagad-tm, s.m. The
() or (), fr. caus. of rt. ], v.t. To soul of the world, the supreme spirit,
chew the cud (=pugran). Brahma:jagad-dhr, s.m. 'Stay or supporter
of the universe,' the supreme spirit;air,
H jugl, s.f. Chewing the cud: wind:jagat-ujgar, adj. 'Enlightening the
jugl karn, v.n. To chew the cud. world'; an epithet of the Supreme:jagat-plak,
s.m.=jag-plak, q.v.s.v. jag:jag-plan, s.m.
The sustaining or nourishing of the world:
H jugn (v.n. fr. jugn, q.v.), s.m.
jagat-pati, s.m.=jag-pati, q.v.s.v. jag:jagat-
The clothes washed, ironed, and carefully pr, s.m. 'The breath of the world,' wind,
arranged, as brought home by the washerman; air:jagat-tra, jagat-trt, s.m.=jag-trt,
the washing;washing-day. q.v.s.v. jag:jagat-tra, s.f. The redemption
of the world:jagat-jhir, adj. World-
H jagn [jag = Prk. () illumining, brilliant, bright; known to the whole
or (); see jgn, of which it is the world, universally celebrated:jagat-janak,
s.m. 'Parent of the universe,' an epithet of the
caus.], v.t. To waken, to rouse from sleep; to Deity:jagat-dukh, s.m. 'Painer of the world,'
raise (the dead, or the wick of a lamp), to make a tyrant:jagat-swm, s.m. 'Lord of the
bright or lively; to rouse, to stimulate:jag- universe,' the Supreme Being:jagat-seth, s.m.
den, v.t. Idem.
A great seh or banker; an epithet of a very
wealthy class of men:jagat-kart, s.m. The
H jugn [jug = Prk. () creator of the world, Brahma:jagat-kshay,
or ()=S. (rt. + caus. s.m. The destruction of the world:jagat-guru,
augment], v.t. To place in order, to arrange; to prop. jaga-guru, s.m. 'The teacher of the
keep with care, to be careful of, take care of; to world'; an epithet of Brahma, of Vishnu, and of
guard, tend;to pair off labour, to lend labour, iva; a senior or elder in religion:jagat-mta,
to assist another in his work in expectation of prop. jagan-mt, s.f.=jagad-amb, q.v.:jagat-
similar assistance being returned hereafter: mul, s.m.=jag-ml, q.v.s.v. jag:jagan-mohi,
jug-ke (or jug-kar) rakhn, v.t. To place in adj. & s.m. Fascinating or bewildering the
due or proper order, to arrange; to gather, world;one who bewilders or infatuates the
collect; to keep with care. world:jagan-nth, s.m. 'Lord of the universe';
a name of Vishnu or Krishna; name of a
celebrated idol, and of a temple and the
H jugnt. For this and other surrounding district on the Coromandel coast,
compounds (not found elsewhere) of which jug near Cuttack, in Orissa, where Vishnu is
is the first member, see s.v. jug. especially worshipped as Jagannath (and to the
idol enshrined in which pilgrimages are made
H jugwn or jug`on, from all parts of India; see rath-jtr):jagan-
v.t.=jugn, q.v nth-k bht, s.m. The rice eaten at Jagannth
by pilgrims of all castes out of the same pot;
(hence) something that may be eaten by all
S jugups, s.f. Censure,
without loss of caste:jagat-vs, s.m.=jag-
reproach; abuse; aversion. vs, q.v.s.v. jag:jagat-vaii, jagat-vaak;
jagat-vikhyt = jag-vanit, &c., q.v.s.v. jag:
jagad-vin, s.m. The destruction of the world,
the expiration of a jug or period of the world's

812
existence:jagad-vandya, vulg. jagat-vandh, dance or move about (light), to give a dazzling
adj. 'To be praised or adored by the world'; an light, to glitter, &c. (=jagmagn).
epithet of Krishna;jagad-s, jagdis, jagds,
jagad-, jagd, jagad-var, s.m. 'Lord of the H jagjagha [fr.
world or universe,' an epithet of Vishu, and of
iva. jagjagn;ha = wa = Prk. +=S.
()++], s.f. Dazzling light, glitter,
H jugat, jugti [S. ], s.f. &c.=jagmagha.
Connection, union; agreement, concord;
application, use, practice, usage; appliance, H jigjig (by redupl. fr.
means, plan, scheme, expedient, contrivance, intens. of rt. gam), s.f. Making a fuss (with),
device, trick, stratagem; way, mode, manner; caressing, coaxing; wearisome or importunate
skill, address, dexterity, ingenuity, art; wit; begging and beseeching; fawning, cringing;
punning, a pun; alliteration;emblematical or
flattery, wheedling (syn. lapa-sapa);jigjig
mystical expression of purpose; the mysteries of
karn, v.t. To coax; to importune; to wheedle;
asceticism:jugat-bz, adj. & s.m. Skilful,
to fawn upon, to flatter.
dexterous; artful, scheming, crafty;a sharp,
scheming, or crafty fellow, &c. (=jugat); one
who is addicted to using language with a double H jigjigiy [the
meaning; a quibbler; a punster:jugat-bz, s.f. preceding+S. ], adj. & s.m. Fawning,
Witticism; pun; quibble, &c.:jugat boln, v.n. flattering, wheedling;one who fawns, a
To pun; to utter a double-entendre. flatterer, a wheedler.
H jagt (imperf. part. of jagn), adj.
(f. -), Waking, awake. S jagad-amb, s.f. = S
jagad-, s.m. See s.v. jagat.
S jagat, s.f. & adj. The earth,
&c.=jagat;mankind, people;a kind of
metre:jagat-tal, s.f. The earth, world; S jagad-, s.m. = S
sublunary things. jagad-amb, s.f. See s.v. jagat.

H jugt, jugti [jugat, q.v.+ S jagar, s.m. Armour, coat of mail.

= S. ], s.f. A partner; a wife; a bride.
P jigar [Pehl. jegar; Zend yakare; S. yakrit],
H jugat, jugt = H s.m. The liver; the vitals; the heart; mind; spirit,
courage, pluck; kernel, core; (met.) dear,
jugatiy [jugat+ = S. ( )+ ], adj. & s.m. darling; a son; near and dear relations or
Clever, skilful, dexterous; economical; artful, friends:jigar-afgr, adj. Troubled in mind;
cunning, crafty; facetious; punning;a skilful heart-broken:jigar-band, s.m. The liver,
man; an artful or crafty fellow, &c.; a punster lungs, and heart together; the vitals; (met.) a
(=jugat-bz). son:jigar-tafta, adj. Heart-burnt; in love; in a
fever:jigar-k, adj. Heart-broken:jigar-
H jugatiy = H k, s.f. Brokenness of heart:jigar-jigar
digar-digar, Mine is mine and yours is yours,
jugat, jugt [jugat+ = S. ( )+ ], adj. & 'Everyone knows where his own shoe
s.m. Clever, skilful, dexterous; economical; pinches':jigar-arsh, adj. Heart-rending:
artful, cunning, crafty; facetious; punning;a jigar-ur, jigar-r, s.m. An enchanter,
skilful man; an artful or crafty fellow, &c.; a magician, sorcerer:jigar-doz, adj. Heart-
punster (=jugat-bz). piercing, pathetic:jigar-sota, adj. Heart-
inflamed; in love:jigar-soz, adj. Heart-
H jagjag [by redupl. of jag = inflaming, tormenting; moving; heart-inflamed,
tormented, troubled in mind:jigar-figr, adj.
S. , intens. fr. rt. +S. ], s.m. Brass-
Heart-broken, heart-wounded (=jigar-afgr;
tinsel; very thin plates of brass used in jigar-k):jigar-kv, s.f. Anxiety, trouble of
decoration (cf. jagmag). mind:jigar-k pra, jigar-k ukra, s.m. A
piece of the liver; (met.) a son:jigar-gosha,
H jagjagn (local) s.m. A lobe of the liver; (met.), one dear or
jigjign (see jagjag), v.n. To beloved, a darling.

813
H jigr (from jigar), s.m. Power, strength; H jignsu (S. jijnsu), adj.
spirit, courage, boldness, pluck.
Desirous of knowing, inquiring, inquisitive,
curious;s.m. An inquirer, &c.
P jigrana (S. jgaraa?), s.m. A species of
crane.
H jignsya (S. jijnsya), part.
P jigar, jigr (jigar+ = S. ), adj. adj. To be inquired into, deserving or requiring
investigation; admitting of investigation.
Belonging to the liver or heart; hepatic; liver-
coloured; livid;dear, beloved, intimate, close
(friend). H jagn` [rt. of jagn+` = Prk.
=S. ()++], s.f.
H jugal [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. Wakefulness, &c.=jaghar.
A pair, couple, brace:jugal-jo, s.f. A pair;
two brothers or sisters of about the same age. H jagan-bans, s.m. A tribe
of Brhman zamndrs in Fatehpr.
H jugam [S. ], s.m.=jugal, q.v.
H jugn = H jugn
H jagmag [by redupl. fr. , [S. ], s.m. A fire-fly; a glow-worm; a
intens. of rt. ], s.f. Dazzling light, glitter, jewel or ornament worn (by women) about the
&c. (=jagmagha, q.v.). neck.

H jagmag (i.q. jagjag, q.v.), H jugn = H jugn

adj. Dazzling, brilliant, glittering, splendid. [S. ], s.m. A fire-fly; a glow-worm; a
jewel or ornament worn (by women) about the
H jagmag, neck.
s.f.=jagmagha, q.v.
H jagna [S. , q.v.], s.m. A
H jagmagn [see sacrifice (=jag; jagya):jagna-stra, s.m. The
sacrificial or sacred thread worn by the
jagmag; = Prk. =S. ; n = Prk.
Brahmanical order (=jane`o):jagnopab (S.
=S. ], v.n. To give a dazzling light, yajna+upavta), s.m.=jagna-stra:jagnevar
to glitter, shine:jagmag karn, jagmag- (S. yajna+shvara), s.m. 'Lord of worship or of
jagmag karn, v.n.=jagmagn. sacrifice,' an epithet of Vishu and of iva.

H jagmagha (fr. H jagn, s.f. A kind of small grain

jagmagn see jagjagha), s.f. Dazzling light, from which oil is extracted.
brilliance, glare; much light; glitter, splendour,
lustre. H jugn, s.f.=jugn, q.v.

H jaga (S. ja+gaa), s.m. (Pros.) H jagnevar, s.m. See s.v.

An amphibrach. jagna.

H jagn (fr. the trans. jgn, q.v.), H jagnya, s.m.=jagna; jagya, qq.v.
v.n. To be awake; to awake, wake up:jag-
jn, v.n. To wake up, rouse up.
H jagwn (doub. caus. of
S jagannth (i.e. jagat+nth), jgn), v.t. To cause to wake, or to be roused.
s.m. See s.v. jagat.
H jagopabt, s.m. See s.v.
H jigns (S. jijns), s.f. jag, and jagna.
Desire of knowing, asking, inquiring; inquiry,
investigation; inquisitiveness. H jagah [S. +, by redupl.; cf.
P. j, and gh, and j`e-gh], s.f. Place, station,
quarter, locality; room, stead; vacant space,

814
blank; opening, vacancy, post, appointment, Vishnu:jagya-pau, s.m. An animal for
situation; fit occasion (as for anger, &c.): sacrifice, a victim; a horse:jagya-sthn, s.m.
jagah-jagah, adv. Here and there; A place for sacrifice:jagya-siddhi, s.f. The
everywhere:jagah hon, v.n. To leave a completion or accomplishment of a sacrifice,
place; to leave a vacant space or blank:jagah the due performance of a sacrificial ceremony;
den (-ko), To give place or room (to); to place;obtaining the objects of a sacrifice:jagya-
to make room (for), to lodge:jagah sir hon, stra, s.m. The sacrificial or sacred thread worn
jagah-se hon, v.n. To be in place, to be (criginally by the three first classes of Hindus,
opportune or proper:jagah-me, jagah, adv. but now) by the Brahmanical order (=jagna-
& postpn. In the place or room (of, -k), insteadstra):jagya-l, s.f. A sacrificial hall; a
(of). house or place for keeping the sacrificial fire:
jagya-karma, s.m. A sacrificial act, a sacrificial
H jagh, jaggh, s.f. rite or ceremony:jagyopavt (S. yajna+upa),
s.m.=jagya-stra (also
(prov.)=jagah, q.v. written jagnopabt; jagopavt, see s.v. jagna,
and jag):jagyopavt, s.m. One who is
H jaghar [S. ; or Prk. invested with the sacrificial or sacred thread.
, i.e. jagga (=jg, see jgn)+o = S. H jagiya, for jagyiya [S. ],
], s.m. Wakefulness (occasioned by adj. Worthy of worship or sacrifice; proper,
suitable, or fit for sacrifice:jagiya-de, s.f.
apprehension, or disease; syn. jagn`); vigils,
'Sacrificial country; the country of the Hinds,
vespers; coughing at night.
that region (of Hindstn) in which the
sacrificial ceremonies can be duly performed,
S jaghan, s.m. The hinder part, the the country in which the black antelope is
buttock; the hip and loins; the pudenda, mons native.
veneris;rear-guard, reserve of an army. S jala, vulg. jal, s.m. Water;frigidity
(physical or moral=ja);a kind of fragrant
S jaghanya, adj. Hindmost, medicinal plant;adj. Cold; apathetic; stupid,
hinder; last, latest; lowest; low, worst, vile, idiotic (=ja);in the ingenious system of
base;s.m. A dra or man of the lowest reckoning by symbols adopted by Hinds in
caste:jaghanya-ja, adj. & s.m. Last-born, their poetry, this word is a symbol for four:
youngest; low-born; a younger brother;a jal-ali, s.m. A water-bee; a whirlpool:
dra. jalaman(jala+), s.m. Rinsing the mouth
with water:jal-adhr, s.m. A pond, lake,
H jigys, s.f.=jigns, q.v. reservoir, any receptacle of water:
jalrdr (jala+ar), adj. Wet, charged with
moisture:jalrav (jala+ar), s.m. The sea of
H jaggesar, jagesar, = H
fresh water; the rainy season; great flood,
jagevar, s.m.=jagnewar, deluge, inundation:jalay,
q.v.s.v. jagna;and=jagad-var, q.v.s.v. jagat. vulg. jals (jala+aya), s.m. A pond, tank,
lake, reservoir, any piece of water; a kind of
H jagevar, = H fragrant grass, Andropogon muricatus;adj.
Cold, apathetic; dull, stupid:
jaggesar, jagesar, s.m.=jagnewar, jalkr (jala+ak), s.m. Appearance of water;
q.v.s.v. jagna;and=jagad-var, q.v.s.v. jagat. source of water, spring, fountain:
jalkhu (jala+khu), s.m. 'Water-mole,' an
P & H jig-jig, s.f. An exclamation otter:jalluk, jallok (jala+l), s.f. 'Living
expressive of surprise and pleasure. in water'; a leech:jalmay (jala+maya), adj.
Consisting of water; abounding in water, full of
S jigsh, s.f. Desire of gaining water; watery, wet:jalmbik, (jala+am), s.f.
A well:jal-al(jala+an), s.m. A spring,
or obtaining; desire of conquering, military
well; a natural water-course;the plant Blyxa
ardour; wish to excel, emulation, rivalry.
octandra:jal-har, s.m. The Persian wheel
(for raising water):jal-budbud, s.m. A bubble
H jagya [S. ], s.m. Sacrifice, of water;jal-brahm, s.f. A kind of pot-
offering or oblation (=jagna; jag):jagya- herb, Hingcha repens:jal-bil`o, s.m. An
bhmi, s.f. 'Sacrifice-ground,' a place for otter:jal-bandhak, s.m. 'Water-barrier'; a
sacrifice:jagya-ptra, s.m. Asacrificial dam, dike, rocks or stones impeding a
vessel:jagya-purush, s.m. A name of current:jal-bandhu, s.m. 'Friend of water'; a

815
fish:jal-bh, s.m. lit. 'Produced in or by
water'; a cloud; a kind of aquatic
plant, Commelina salicifolia or Bengalensis:
jal-bhaur, s.m. A water-bee:jal-bah, s.m.
Swimming, striking with the arms and legs in
water:jal-pn, s.m. 'Drinking water'; any
slight repast, refreshment, luncheon;jal-pn
karn, To take some refreshment, to drink:
jal-pippal, s.f. An aquatic plant, Commelina
salicifolia, and another species:jal-pati, s.m.
'Lord of the waters,' Varua or the Hind
Neptune; the ocean:jal-pah, s.m.f.=jal-
paksh, q.v.:jal-prya, adj. & s.m. Abounding
with water;a country or place abounding with
water:jal-prishhaja, s.m., jal-pishhaj, s.f.
The plant Blyxa octandra, or Pistia
stratiotes:jal-pralay, s.m. Destruction by
water; the destruction of the world by water:
jal-priya, adj. & s.m. Fond of water;
frequenting water;the bird tak, Cuculus
melanoleucus; a fish:jal-paksh, vulg. jal-
pakh, s.m.f. Water-bird, water-fowl:jal-
panh, s.m.f.=jal-paksh:jal-ppal, s.f.=jal-
pippal, q.v.:jal-tpik,jal-tl, s.m.
The hils or sable fish, Clupanodon ilisha:
jal-taranj, s.f. jal-tarang, s.m., jal-tarang, s.f.
A metal cup filled with water, the edges of
which when beaten with two sticks produce
harmonical notes; the musical glasses or
harmonicon; playing on glasses or China bowls
by rubbing the edges:jal-tor, s.f. A fish:
jal-thal, jal-hal, s.m. Ground half-covered with
water, marshy ground; a sheet of water; any
place where water settles or abounds:jala-
ja, jalaj, adj. & s.m. (f. -), Produced or born in
water; growing or living in water;an aquatic
animal; a fish; a shell; a lotus:jalaj, s.f. A
species of plant (Bassia) growing in or near
water:jal-jt, m., jal-jt, f.=jalaja, q.v.:
jal-jtr, s.f. A journey by water, a voyage:
jal-jn, s.m.=jal-yn, q.v.:jal-jal, adj. Full of
water; watery, wet:jal-jantr, s.m.=jal-yantra,
q.v.:jal-jantu, s.m. A fish; any marine or
aquatic or amphibious animal:jal-jantuk, s.f.
A leech:jal-jogn, s.f. A leech; a kite:jal-
r, jal-ar, adj. & s.m. Going in water; living
in or near water; aquatic; amphibious; an
aquatic animal:jal-hatr, s.m. A stand or
place where water is supplied to travellers:
jal-hh, s.m. Sprinkling or splashing with
water, a splash:jal-da, s.m. lit. 'Giving or
pouring forth water'; a cloud; a fragrant
grass,Cyperus rotundus; name of a varsh or
division of the known continent:jal-dan,
s.m. The tree Shorea robusta (syn. sl):jal-
dn, s.m. Giving or supplying with water:jal-
dhr, s.f. A stream or current of water:jal-
dhar, adj. & s.m. Holding or carrying or having
water;a cloud; the ocean; a kind of fragrant
grass,Cyperus rotundus:jala-dhi, s.m. The
ocean:jal-imb, s.m. A bivalve shell:jal-
ri, jal-rs, s.m. A quantity of water, a sheet
of water; the ocean:jal-ranj, jal-rank, s.m. A
species of vak or crane, Ardea nivea:jal-
ranku, s.m. A kind of gallinule:jal-ruh,
s.m. lit. 'Growing in water'; the lotus:jal-s`,
adj.=jal-y, q.v.:jal-spar, s.m. Touching
water (esp. Ganges water) for religious
purposes:jal-saskr, s.m. Ceremonial
purification by means of the external
application of water:jal-st (S. jala+stra),
s.m. The guinea worm, Filaria
medinensis (syn. nahru`):jal-si, s.f. The
Gangetic porpoise,Delphinus gangeticus; a fish,
a small sort of pike, Esox cancila; a leech; an
aquatic plant, Trapa bispinosa:jal-skh,
s.m. Drought; dearth:jal-sen (S.jala+ayin),
s.f. A fish; sleeping in water by way of
mortification; drowning by sleeping in water as
an act of penance:jal-`, jal-y, jal-
ay, jal-ayan, adj. 'Sleeping on the water, an
epithet of Vishnu (who is supposed to sleep,
reposing on his serpent-couch above the waters,
during the four months of the periodical rains,
and also during the intervals of the submersion
of the world):jal-kk, jal-kg, s.m. 'Water-
crow'; the diver; the cormorant, Corvus
marinus:jal-knksh, s.m. lit. 'Desirous of
water'; an elephant:jal-kapi, s.m. 'Water-ape';
the Gangetic porpoise:jal-kar, s.m. Rent or
tax derived from water for fisheries, &c.;
revenue assessed on fisheries, &c.:jal-kir,
s.m. A shark; a large alligator:jal-kr, s.f.
Sporting or gamboling in water; bathing for
pleasure or amusement:jal-kash, adj. & s.m.
Dry, parched;scarcity of water, drought:
jal-kukku, jal-kuka, jal-kukka, s.m. (f. -),
The common water-hen, Gallinula chloropus;
the diver; the coot:jal-kukkui, s.f. The black-
headed gull:jal-ka, s.f. A drop of water:
jal-kuntal, s.m. lit. 'Water-hair'; the aquatic
plantBlyxa octandra:jal-kanak, s.m. 'Water-
thorn'; a crocodile; the plant Trapa bispinosa:
jal-ku, s.m. A spring; a pool of water that
never dries up:jal-kp, s.f. A spring, well;
pond, pool; a whirlpool:jal-krm, s.m. The
Gangetic porpoise:jal-kaww, s.m. 'The
water-crow'; the water ouzel:jal-khy, adj.
'Destroyed by water'; dried up, parched (soil,
&c.):jal-ke, s.m. lit. 'Water-hair'; the
plant Blyxa octandra:jal-keli, s.f.=jal-
kr:jal-gulma, s.m. A turtle, tortoise; a
quadrangular tank, a piece of water; a
whirlpool:jal-ghumar, s.m. A whirlpool:
jal-lat, s.f. 'Water-creeper'; a wave, billow:
jl-mrjr, s.m. 'Water-cat'; an otter:jal-
mrg, s.m. Watercourse, a drain or canal
leading from a pool, &c.:jal-mnus, s.m. A
merman, the water-kelpie; a small species of
816
monkey:jal-murg, s.m. A water-fowl:jal-
makshik, s.f. Water-fly, water-insect:jal-
mal, s.m. Foam, &c.:jal-mandir, jal-mandar,
s.m. A house or fabric erected in the midst of
water (commonly used as a summer-house);
subterranean apartments constructed in the bank
of a river to serve as a retreat in the hot season;
a summer-house:jal-manal, s.m. A kind of
tarantula or large spider (the bite of which is
said to be fatal):jal-mrti, s.m. An epithet of
the god iva (of whom one form is water,
implying his presence in all matter):jal-may,
adj. Abounding in water; consisting of water;
watery; deluged;s.m. Deluge; inundation:
jal-nidhi, s.m. 'Treasure of water'; the ocean,
sea:jal-nirgam, s.m. A drain, watercourse; a
pipe along a wall or building for carrying off
water; a water-fall, the descent of a spring, &c.
into a river below:jal-nakul, s.m. An otter:
jal-nl, s.f. The aquatic plant Blyxa octandra:
jal-nm, s.m. A species of bitter herb,Herpestes
monniera, which grows on the banks of ponds,
&c., and is used as a drug:
jalotsarg (jala+ut), s.m. The ceremony
connected with the marrying of a pond, well,
&c.:jalohws (jala+u), s.m. A drain or
channel made for carrying off an excess of
water, a similar channel made naturally by the
overflow of a river, &c.; a conduit:
jalodar (jala+ud), s.m. 'Water-belly.'; dropsy
(pop. jalandhar); a dropsical person:
jalodgam (jala+ud), s.m. The course of the
water:jal-vidy, s.f. The science of
Hydrostatics:jal-vil, s.m. An otter (=jal-
bil`o):jal-vriik, s.m. 'Water-scorpion'; a
prawn, a shrimp:jalorag(jala+ur), s.f.
'Water-snake'; a leech:jalorm (jala+r), s.f.
A wave;adj. Wavy:jal-vishuv, s.m. The
autumnal equinox, the moment of the sun's
entering Libra:jalauk, jalaukas (jala+ok),
s.f. 'Living in water'; a leech:jal-vindu, s.m.
A drop of water; name of a place of Hind
pilgrimage:jal-vihr, s.m. Sporting or
gamboling in water:jal-vihang, jal-vihangam,
s.m. A water-fowl:jal-vyadh, s.m. A kind of
pike-fish, Esox cancila:jala-ha, jalah, s.m. A
summer-house; a small piece of water, a pond,
lake:jal-hs, s.m. Cuttle-fish bone
(considered as the indurated foam of the sea):
jal-ytr, s.f. A voyage (=jal-jtr, q.v.):jal-
yn, s.m. 'Water-vehicle'; a ship, a boat:jale-
ar, adj. & s.m.=jal-r, jal-ar, q.v.:
jalehay (jala+i), s.f. The
plant Heliotropium indicum:
jalevar (jala+i), s.m. 'Lord of waters'; the
sea, the ocean; the deity of the waters,
Varua;jal-yantra, s.m. A water-engine, a
machine for raising water, any contrivance
connected with that element, water-works; a
water-clock, clepsydra:jal-yantra-grih,
s.m.=jal-mandir, q.v.:jalendhan (jal+in),
s.m. Submarine fire.
A jalla (3rd pers. sing. perf. rt.
), (He) is
great or eminent in majesty or glory;adj.
Great, glorious, eminent:jalla jallu-hu, jalla
shnu-hu, Eminent is His glory or majesty:
jalla wa `al, (God) the glorious and most high.
H jul [Prk. ; S. ; cf. jl,
&c.], s.m. Double-dealing, duplicity, guile,
deceit, fraud, cheating, trickery:jul-bz, s.m.
A cheat, knave:jul-bz, s.f. Cheating,
knavery:jul den (-ko), To deceive, cheat,
trick:jul kheln, v.n. To practise deceit or
trickery (on), to cheat, circumvent:jul-me
n (-ke), To fall into the toils (of), to be
cheated, be circumvented (by).
A jull, vulg. jul, s.f. A horse-cloth; a housing
or covering for an elephant, bullock, &c.
H jal (perf. part. of jaln, q.v.), part.
adj. (f. -), Burnt, &c.:jal-bal, jal-bhun,
adj. (f. -), Burned, scorched, burnt up;
inflamed, angry, enraged; fretful, irritable,
irascible, passionate; grieved, wounded, hurt:
jale p`o-k bill, A restless person, a
vagabond, vagrant (one who is restless and
unsettled like a cat that has burnt its foot; the
corresponding Persian phrase is sag-e-p-
sota, or simply p-sota); a woman with a
sneaking, stealthy tread, a sly cat:jale-par non
hiakn or lagn, To sprinkle salt on, or apply
salt to, a wounded part; to exult over one in
trouble or distress, &c.; to insult:jale
phaphole phorn (-ke or apne), To vent (one's)
rage (on):jal tan, adj. Enraged;
passionate:jal-ka, s.f. Caustic and cutting
expressions, bitter and stinging sayings;
bitterness, acrimony; hatred:jal-ka-pai n,
To have recourse to caustic and cutting
expressions:dil-jal, adj. & s.m. Heart-
inflamed, in love;one smitten with love, a
love-sick person.
H jal, jall [S. +], s.m.
A mass of water, a lake, tank, reservoir;a
shell, a cowrie:jall-mr, s.m. A boy's game,
played with cowries (somewhat like the English
game of ring-taw;also written jhall-mr).
A jal, vulg. jil (inf. n. of ), s.f. Leaving
one's country, &c. (=jal-watan, which is the
word in general use):jal-watan, vulg. jil-
watan, s.m. Leaving one's country, emigration;
exile, banishment;adj. Banished:jal-
watan, s.f. Exile, banishment, expulsion from
one's native land:jal-watan karn, v.n. To
817
quit one's country, to emigrate;v.t. To exile, name,' an epithet of the Deity;texts from the
to banish from one's country:jal-watan hon, Qor`n, used as a charm or spell.
v.n. To quit one's country, to emigrate; to be
exiled or banished. A P jall, s.m. An era reckoned from the
time of Jallu`d-dn or Akbar.
A jil (inf. n. of ), s.f. Presenting (a bride)
to her husband adorned and unveiled; P jallya, vulg. jalliy (fr. jall), s.m.
brightening, polishing, scouring; brightness, One who worships the more terrible attributes
polish, lustre, splendour, enamel:jil of the Deity;a class of faqrs, the followers of
bashn (-ko), To impart lustre (to), to grace, Saiyid Jall Bur;a kind of pigeon;a
adorn:jil-dr, adj. Bright, lustrous, fine species of wheat with reddish ears.
splendid:jil den (-ko), To brighten, polish;
to impart lustre (to), &c,=jil bashn:jil- H jaln [jal = Prk. ()
kr, s.m. A polisher, furbisher.
or ()=S. + caus. augment],
A jullb, julb (the P. gul-b arabicized), v.t. (caus. of jaln), To burn; to light, kindle; to
s.m. A mixture of syrup and rose-water; a fire; to inflame; to excite envy or jealousy; to
sherbet of sugar and rose-water;a purgative vex, to irritate, enrage, exasperate; to grieve, to
(syn. mus-hil, the ordinary meaning of the word cause anguish to, to consume with sorrow; to
in India). smart, pain:jal-den, v.t. intens. of
and=jaln:jalne-wl, adj. & s.m. (Med.)
H jalp [Prk. =S. Irritant; caustic;an irritant.

+++; see jaln], s.m. Heart-burning, H jiln (caus. of jn, q.v.), v.t.
heart-ache, grief, remorse; envy, jealousy; To give life to, cause to live, to vivify, animate;
anger, rage, spite:jalp-or, adj. Wrathful; to restore to life; to allow to live, to preserve
envious. alive; to foster, to patronize:jil-den, v.t. To
restore to life; to revive.
A jalld (fr. ' to skin; flog'), s.m. (orig.)
One whose office it is to flog others with a
H jal` [rt. of jal-n+ = Prk.
whip; (in the present day) an executioner;adj.
Cruel, merciless, hard-hearted:jalld-e-falak, =S. ()+], adj. & s.m. Burning;
s.m. The planet Mars (syn. mirr). combustible; irritable; irascible; furious;a
burner, &c.
P jaldat (for A. , inf. n. of
), s.f.
Hardiness, strength, sturdiness; agility, H jalwat, s.f. corr. of next, q.v.
activity:jaldat-asar, jaldat-she`r, adj.
Hardy, strong; brave, valorous. A jal-watan, s.m. See s.v. jal.

A P jalld, s.f. The office of an H jalwan (i.q. jalwn = jaln,

executioner; cruelty, villainy.
q.v.), s.f. Fire-wood, fuel (=jran).
H jals. For this and other
H julh = H julh =
compounds (not given below) of which jal is
the first member, see s.v. jal. H julha [Prk. (with h
inserted)=S. (rt. ) +;P. jlh,
A jall, s.m. = A jallat, s.f. (inf. n.
jlha, 'a weaver'; jula, julla, 'a ball of thread'],
of
), Greatness, grandeur, eminence, dignity,
s.m. A weaver (of the Mohammadan
state, majesty, splendour, glory; might, power;
religion);a dolt, blockhead, fool (weavers
awe, awfulness.
being proverbially stupid):julh-h,
A jallat, s.f. = A jall, s.m. (inf. n. julhe-k-s dh, s.f. A short pointed beard,
of
), Greatness, grandeur, eminence, dignity, such as julhs usually wear.
state, majesty, splendour, glory; might, power;
awe, awfulness. H julh = H julh =
H julha [Prk. (with h
A jall, adj. Great, illustrious, majestic,
glorious; awful, terrible; divine (attributes of inserted)=S. (rt. ) +;P. jlh,
the Divinity):ism-e-jall, s.m. 'The great jlha, 'a weaver'; jula, julla, 'a ball of thread'],

818
s.m. A weaver (of the Mohammadan S jalpak, adj. & s.m. = S
religion);a dolt, blockhead, fool (weavers
being proverbially stupid):julh-h, jalpit, s.m. = S jalp, adj.
julhe-k-s dh, s.f. A short pointed beard, & s.m. =jalpk, q.v.
such as julhs usually wear.
S jalp, adj. & s.m. = S
H julha = H julh = H jalpit, s.m. = S jalpak, adj. & s.m.
julh [Prk. (with h =jalpk, q.v.
inserted)=S. (rt. ) +;P. jlh,
jlha, 'a weaver'; jula, julla, 'a ball of thread'], H jaljal (fr. jaljaln), adj.
s.m. A weaver (of the Mohammadan Petulant, irritable; indignant; outrageous.
religion);a dolt, blockhead, fool (weavers
being proverbially stupid):julh-h, H jaljal, s.f.=jaljalha, q.v.
julhe-k-s dh, s.f. A short pointed beard,
such as julhs usually wear. H jaljaln [by redupl. of jal

H jul` [jul = julh+ = S. = Prk. =S. ], v.n. To be petulant or

irritable, to rage; to be indignant.
( )+], s.m. A weaver=julh:jul`-
w, s.f. The ward or quarter of a town H jaljalha
inhabited by weavers.
[jaljal(n)+a = wa = Prk. +=S.
H jaly (perf. part. of jaln), ()++], s.f. Irritation, indignation,
part. adj. (f. jal`), Kindled, ignited; inflamed. anger, passion, rage.

H jul`in [jul = julh+S. ], A jald, adj. and adv. Swift, quick, fleet;
expeditious, active, nimble, brisk; hasty,
s.f. A weaver's wife;a female weaver.
impetuous, rash, precipitate; fierce:quickly,
briskly; soon, without delay:jald-bz, adj. &
H jal-bal (perf. part. of jalna- s.m. Quick, &c.=jald;an active person; a
baln), part. adj.=jal-bal, q.v.s.v. jal;see hasty or impetuous man:jald-bz, s.f.
also next. Quickness, briskness, activity, agility; haste,
expedition; precipitation, &c. (=jald):jald-
H jal-bal-ke (comp. past rau, adj. Swift of motion, fast-going:jald-
conj. part.), adv. Vexed, annoyed, in anger, qadam, adj. Swift of foot, fleet:jald-mizj,
angrily, in a rage, &c. (see jaln). adj. Hasty, precipitate; passionate, quick-
tempered.
H jalp, s.m. Prate, babble, gossip, A jild, s.f. The skin; hide, leather; binding
chatter; debate, disputation, wrangling (of a book), a volume, book:jild-bdhn,
discussion. jild bann (-k), To bind (a book):jild-band,
s.m. A bookbinder:jild-ban s.f. Book-
S jalpk, s.m. A chatterer, prater, binding:jild-sz, s.m.=jild-band:jild-sz,
babbler;adj. Talking much and foolishly or s.f.=jild-band:jild karn = jild bdhn,
improperly. q.v.:jild-gar s.m. A bookbinder (=jild-band;
jild-sz).
H jalp`, s.f. The tree P jald (from jald), s.f. Quickness, haste,
speed, swiftness, celerity; expedition, despatch;
Eleocarpus serratus; the fruit of this tree, a kind hurry, precipitation, rashness, abruptness,
of olive. impetuosity; adv. Quickly, &c. (see what
follows):jald-se, adv. Quickly, with all
S jalpit, s.m. = S speed, soon, without delay (=jald):jald-k
jalpak, adj. & s.m. = S jalp, adj. & mr, adj. Hasty, hurried, precipitate:jald
karn, v.n. To make haste, to hasten, hurry; to
s.m. =jalpk, q.v.
be rash or precipitate.

A jild (fr. jild), adj. Of or pertaining to the

skin, cutaneous.

819
 be touched, moved, or affected (with pity, &c.);
A jils, s.m. A companion, comrade, mess- to feel pain, sorrow, anguish, &c.; to burn or be
mate, guest. consumed with love, or jealousy, or envy, &c.;
to take amiss, be offended, be indignant; to get
H jals, s.m.= jalsa, q.v. into a passion, be enraged, to rage:jal-uhn,
v.n. To break out (a fire); to blaze up:jal-
A julas, s.m. pl. (of jals), Companions. bujhn, v.n. To burn to ashes, to burn out; to
brand:jal-pakn, v.n. To be in a passion, to
H jal-st, s.f. See s.v. jal. rage:jal-jn, v.n. (intens.) To be burnt up, be
consumed (with, -se), &c., see jaln:jal-
P jalsa (for A. jalsat, fem., rt. ' to marn, v.n. To die by burning; to burn (oneself)
sit'), s.m. A sitting; a meeting, an assembly; a to death.
social gathering; a committee; a society;
posture, situation, seat, post, state, bearing: H juln (i.q. jun, q.v.), v.n. To be
jalsa-e-umar, s.m. Assembly of nobles; senate; united, to meet; to agree, to harmonize
House of Lords:jalsa-e-kim, jalsa-e- (commonly used in connection with miln).
`adlat, s.m. The bench; a tribunal:jalsa-
atb, s.m. The sitting down of the atb or A julnr (the P. gulnr arabicized), s.m.
preacher between the readings of the first and The pomegranate flower.
second utba:jalsa karn, v.n. To hold or to
convene a meeting. H jalandar = H
jalandhar [S. +], s.m. Dropsy, ascites;
A jalaf, adj. & s.m. Hard, severe; churlish;
mean, base, despicable;a churlish fellow; a flat alluvial land; name of a district in the
miser. Punjab (the soil of which is alluvial.)

T & P jalaq (A. zalaq), s.m. Masturbation, H jalandhar = H

onanism:jalaq mrn, v.n. To practise
onanism.
H jalak, s.f. (prov.)=jhalak, q.v.
H jalk, s.m. A prompt, ready, or
eloquent tongue.
S jalik, jaluk, s.f. A
leech (=jok).
H jalam, s.m. corr. of janam or
janma, q.v.
H jalmat (corr. of A. zulmat), s.f.
Darkness, &c.:jalmat khn, v.n. To perish,
die.
jalandar [S. +], s.m. Dropsy, ascites;
flat alluvial land; name of a district in the
Punjab (the soil of which is alluvial.)
H jalandhar [jalandhar,
q.v.+S. ( )+], adj. & s.m. Dropsical;a
dropsical person.
H jal [S. ], s.f. A leech
(=jok).
H jalau, vulg. jilau, jilo (P. jalav, fr. A. ),
s.f. A horse-bridle; rein (of a bridle); retinue,
equipage, train, suite, court;splendour, pomp,
state (=jalwa):jilau-na, s.m. A court-yard,
an area; a vestibule, porch, ante-chamber:
jilau-dr, s.m. A retainer, an attendant.

H jalan (i.q. jaln), s.m. & f. H jalw, s.m.= jalwa, q.v.

Burning, combustion; heat, inflammation;
smart; vexation, passion, rage; envy, jealousy;
rancour, hatred:jalan-l, adj. Ignitable,
inflammable, combustible; passionate, fiery,
choleric.
H jalwn (doub. caus. of jaln),
v.t. To cause to be burnt, to have (a thing)
burnt; to cause to be ignited; to cause (some
one) to set fire (to).

H jaln [Prk. =S. , P jalwat, jilwat (for A. , inf. n. of ),

s.f. Splendour, &c.=jalwa, q.v.
rt. ], v.n. To burn; to be burnt; to be on
fire; to be kindled, be lighted; to be scorched,
be singed; to be inflamed, to be consumed; to

820
S jalotsarg, s.m. = S qalam-ke harf, Large letters, capitals:att-e-
jal, s.m. Large, plain, hand-writing:fal-e-
jalodar, s.m. See s.v. jal, 'water.' jal, s.f. The season before the commencement
of the rains, in which a crop of rice is cut.
S jalodar, s.m. = S
jalotsarg, s.m. See s.v. jal, 'water.' H jaliy [S. + +], s.m. A
fisherman.
A juls (inf. n. of ), s.m. Sitting;
accession (to a throne);state, pomp. H jalaiy (i.q. jalwaiy, q.v.), s.m. A
burner; one who inflames or excites; a beloved
A julsi (rel. n. fr. juls), adj. Of the one, a sweetheart.
reign; dating from the accession (of a monarch);
relating to the accession (to the throne):juls H jaleb (corr. of jilau, q.v.), s.m.
o, s.m. A light cartridge. Attendants, equipage, suite;neighbourhood,
vicinity:jaleb-ts, s.m. The goglet in which
H jalok [S. ++], water is cooled with nitre.
s.m. A passionate person; an envious or jealous
person, an envier. H jaleb (rel. n. fr. jaleb), adj. Belonging to
the retinue, equipage, &c.
P jalwa, jilwa, (rarely) julwa (for A.
jalwat, fem., inf. n. of ), s.m. Manifestation, H jaleb, (rarely) jileb (cf.
publicity, conspicuousness; splendour, lustre, A. zalbiya; P. zalbiya), s.f. A kind of
effulgence; displaying a bride (to her husband) sweetmeat.
unveiled and in all her ornaments; the meeting
of the bride and bridegroom (in the presence of H jalair, jilair,
their relations); the ceremony (among
Mohammadans) when the bridegroom reads a s.f.=jalahr, q.v.
chapter of the Qor`n, and for the first time sees
his wife's face in a mirror (syn. rs-muaf); A jals (fr. ' to sit'), s.m.f. A
the nuptial bed; the bridal ornaments:jalwe- companion, comrade, chum.
k gt, s.m. Epithalamium:jilwa-kunn, adj.
& adv. Clear, manifest, conspicuous, A jall (fr.
' to be great'), adj. Great (in
splendid;conspicuously, splendidly:jalwa- respect of estimation, rank, or dignity),
gh, s.f. Place of manifestation or display, glorious, illustrious:jallu`l-qadr, adj. High in
theatre; nuptial throne:jalwa-gar, adj. Clear, dignity, august, illustrious.
manifest, conspicuous, splendid:jalwa-gar,
s.f. Clearness, conspicuousness; splendour; H jale`o, s.f.=jaleb, q.v.
affectation, blandishments:jalwe-me, adv.
P jam [Pehl. yam; Zend yima; S. yama], s.m.
In public, publicly, openly (opp. to alwat-
Name of an ancient king of Persia (=jam-shed).
me).
H jam [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. The
H jalwaiy [rt. of jalw-n+Prk.
regent of the infernal regions, and the judge of
+=S. ()++], adj. & s.m. departed souls, the Pluto of the Hinds; the
Burning;a burner (=jalne-hr). angel of death; (met.) anything disagreeable or
intolerable; one of a pair or couple:jam-
H julah, s.m. contrac. of julh, q.v. diwr, s.m.=jam-diy, q.v.:jam-dt, s.m. The
messenger of Jam or of death (syn. malaku`l-
H jalahr, jilahr [Prk. maut:jam-dwity, vulg. jam-duty, s.f. Name
of the second day in the light half of the month
; S. ++], s.f. A small pit for Krtik (when brothers and sisters dress up and
water (such as that into which the water in exchange gifts and compliments in allusion to
which an idol has been bathed flows); the the attachment of Jam and Jamun):jam-dhar,
trough or pot in a blacksmith's shop (for cooling s.m. lit. 'Death-bearer'; a dagger:jam-diy (S.
heated iron). yam+dpa), s.m. A lamp, or illumination,
sacred to Jam, lighted on the thirteenth of
A jal, adj. Clear, manifest, apparent, Krtik Krisha-paksh, i.e. three days before the
evident, conspicuous; large, plain (hand- Diwl:jam-rj, jam-r`e, s.m. The king Jam,
writing); distinctly-sounded (as a letter):jal the king of Hell, or of death.

821
A jamm, s.m. A mass, a multitude, a mob: consolidate; to cause to coagulate, to form
jamm-e-gafr, s.m. A great multitude or crowd, (coagulated milk, or curds,e.g. dah
all, both high and low. jamn);to cause to take root, to plant (a tree,
shoot, &c.); to implant; to cause (one's words)
H jim, jimi [also jem = Prk. to impress (a person), to bring (one's words)
home (to another,e g. bt jamn: jamn
, ; fr. S. ], adv. and conj. (old H.) being here syn. with ihn-nishn karn); to fix,
Like, &c.=jais and jyo. to lay down; to lay off (a measurement from a
scale);to pace in the manege:jam-den,
A jamd (fr. ' to congeal'), s.m. A thing jam-len, v.t. intens. of and=jamn.
that is incapable of growth or increase, an
inorganic thing; an inanimate thing; a stone, H jimn [Prk. () or
fossil, mineral.
=S. +(), rt. ], v.t.
A jamdt, s.m.pl. (of jamd), Stones, (caus. of jemn), To feed, to entertain:jim-
minerals, fossils; inorganic nature. den, v.t. Idem.

A jumd (fr. ), s.m. One of the names H jam` (rt. of jam-n+` =

of the Arabian months:jumda`l-avval,
jumda`l-ul, s.m. Name of the fifth Arabian Prk. =S. ()], adj. Capable of
month:jumda`l-ir, jumda`s-sn, s.m. adhesion, or congelation, &c.; fixed, firm,
The sixth Arabian month. enduring lasting.

A jim` (fr. ' to collect,' &c.), s.m. H jam`o, s.m. = H

Coitus, concubitus, copulation:jim` karn, jamwa, s.f. [see jam`;wa = `o +Prk.
v.n. To copulate:jim`-e-n-j`iz, s.m. Illicit
=S. ], Cohesion; adhesion; collection,
intercourse.
accumulation; accretion; concretion;
P jam`at (for A. , fr. ' to agglutiuation; coagulation; congelation;
collect'), s.f. A company, body, band, party, consolidation;jam`o, s.m. A gathering,
troop, group, congregated or collective body, mass, crowd, multitude.
assembly, congregation, society, meeting,
gathering; class, order, rank:jam`at-e-sanad- H jamwa, s.f. = H
yfta, s.m. An incorporated company, a jam`o, s.m. [see jam`;wa = `o +Prk.
corporate body:jam`at-e-muttafiqa, s.m. An =S. ], Cohesion; adhesion; collection,
association:ham-jam`at, s.m. A class-fellow.
accumulation; accretion; concretion;
A jaml (fr. ' to be beautiful,' &c.), s.m. agglutiuation; coagulation; congelation;
consolidation;jam`o, s.m. A gathering,
Beauty, comeliness, pleasingness (syn. usn);
mass, crowd, multitude.
elegance, prettiness.

H jam`o [jam`o+ = Prk.

H jaml-go [S.
=S. +], s.m. A collection, &c.
++], s.m. A purgative nut
(resembling the pistachio nut), Croton tiglium. (=jamwa); a meeting, assembly, gathering.

A jaml (rel. n. fr. jaml), adj. Amiable, H jamhn, v.n.=jamhn, q.v.

lovable (as an attribute of the Deity, in opp. to
jall);s.m. A kind of musk-melon (red- H jamh, s.f.=jamh`, q.v.
fleshed).
A jamhr, s.m. pl. (of jamhr), States,
H jamn [jam = Prk. kingdoms, republics, nations.
() or ()=S. + caus.
augment.], v.t. (caus. of jamn), To cause a H jam` [S. ], s.m. A son-
cohesion (between two or more things), to in-law.
cause to cohere; to cause to adhere or unite; to
collect, to accumulate, amass, store up; to sum S jambl, s.m. Mud, clay;an
up; to cause (water) to congeal, to congeal, to
aquatic plant, Vallisneria.
form or make (ice,e.g. barf jamn); to

822
 for ever:jam-h-jam, adj. & adv. In heaps, in
H jambl [S. +], s.m. abundance; abundant; (fig.) none whatever,
none at all (used superstitiously for the negative
The fragrant plant Pandanus odoratissimus.
phrase).
S jambuk, s.m. A jackal;a low A jamd, s.m. Freezing, congealing;
man;the rose-apple (=jambu, q.v.). congelation; connection.

S jambu, jamb, s.f. The rose- S jamadagni (jamat+agni),

apple tree Eugenia jambolana, and its fruit;s s.m. (lit. 'Blazing tire'); Name of a Rishi, the
m. Name of a fabulous river (said to flow from father of Parau-rma;a passionate or
the mountain Mern and to be formed by the irascible person.
juice of the fruits of an immense Jambu tree on
that mountain);one of the great Hind H jam-dhar, = H
divisions of the world (=jambu-dvp):jambu-
jam-raj, See s.v. jam.
taru, s.f. The rose-apple:jambu-dvp, jamb-
dvp, s.m. Name of one of the seven continents
or large islands surrounding the mountain Meru H jam-raj, = H
(so named either from the Jambu trees jam-dhar, See s.v. jam.
abounding in it, or from an enormous Jambu
tree on Mount Meru visible like a standard to H jamrl [S. ], s.m. The
the whole continent); the central division of the
tree Jambosa alba, and its fruit:ll jamrl,
known world, including India (according to the
s.m. The tree Jambosa aquea, and its fruit.
Puras; but with the Buddhists it is confined to
India).
H jam [Prk. ; S.
H jamb [S. ], s.m. A jackal. ++], s.m. (dialec.), Generator, father.

H jamb, s.m.=amb, q.v. H jam, s.f. A mother.

S jambl, s.m. The plant P jamshed, jamshd (Pehl. yam+shet; see

jam), s.m. lit. 'Splendid king; name of an
Pandanus odoratissimus (=jambl); the rose- ancient king of Persia.
apple tree (=jamb).
A jam`, vulg. jama` (inf. n. of ' to
S jambhr, s.m. = H collect'), s.f. A collection, a number together, an
jambhr, s.f. The common lime or assemblage, a congregation, assembly;
conjunction; accumulation; aggregate, amount,
citron, Citrus acida, and its fruit;a plant
sum total, whole; (in Arith.) addition; the plural
considered to be a kind of basil with small
(of a word), the plural number; capital,
leaves.
principal, stock, assets; a fund; outlay, cost
price; the credit side of an account, credit;
H jambhr, s.f. = S collections, receipts; proceeds of land; the land
jambhr, s.m. The common lime or tax, the government demand, revneue (of the
state):jam` n, v.n. To assemble:jam`-
citron, Citrus acida, and its fruit;a plant
band, s.f. Accounts of the revenues, rental,
considered to be a kind of basil with small
rent-roll; proceeds of land; the government
leaves.
revenue; settlement of the revenue, assessment
of the land revenue, assessment:jam`-band
H jambiy, s.m.= jambiy, q.v.
karn (-k), To assess the revenue (of):jam`
bharn, v.n. To pay the rent or jam`:jam`-
S jambr, s.m.=jambhr, q.v. jhart, s.f. (local), Statement of receipts and
expenditure; periodical account of either cash or
S jam-pat, s.m. dual, Husband grain:jam`-ar, jam`-o-ar, s.m.
and wife. Receipts and disbursements; debit and credit;
revenue receipts and balances; account of
receipt and disbursement; account of collections
H jam-jam (rt. of jam-n,
and charges; cash account; account current:
redupl.), adv. Constantly, perpetually, always, jam`-ar karn or likhn, v.n. To draw out an

823
account; to book:jam`-ar miln, v.n. To wealth, affluence; recollection, reflection:
make up or balance an account:jam`-ar- jam`yat-e-tir, Peace of mind.
navs, s.m. A book-keeper, an accountant:
jam`-dr, s.m. The head of any body of men (as H jamak (v.n. fr. jamak-n, q.v.),
guides, harkras, &c.); a native officer of the s.f. The state of succeeding or going on well,
army so called; an officer of police, customs, or flourishing, thriving.
excise (second to the Drog):jam`-dr, s.f.
The office or business of a jam`-dr:jam`-
adar, s.m. The revenue assessment settled H jamak [S. ], s.m. A twin,
directly with the government by the proprietors one of a pair or couple, a fellow; (in rhetoric
or contractors (opp. to jam` mufaal):jam` and poetry) the repeating or setting in
karn, v.t. To collect, accumulate, amass, gather opposition in the same stanza of words or
together, assemble, heap; to store up, lay by; to syllables different in meaning but similar in
add together, add up, sum up; to call in, raise, sound; a kind of play on words.
levy; to deposit; to credit; carry to credit or
account:jam`-karne-wl, s.m. One who H jamkn (caus. of jamakn),
collects, &c.; one who deposits, a depositor: v.t. To adjust, to make to go on well; to settle,
jam`-kul, adv. Altogether, in toto:jam`-koh, fix; to cause to succeed, to cause to flourish; to
Bank stock; theassets of a firm:jam`-mal- collect, assemble, crowd together.
mr-bar, s.m. Port duties; an account of the
same:jam`-murakkab, s.f. Compound H jamakn [jamak = Prk.
addition:jam`-wil-bq, s.m. Payments and
arrears; demands, collections, and balances; () or (), fr. S. + ; see
revenue receipts and balances; an account jamn], v.n. To be collected, be assembled; to
stating payments periodically due, &c.:jam`- be settled or adjusted; to succeed, go on well; to
wl, s.m. A capitalist:jam`-o-or, fit; to flourish, prosper, thrive (=jamn;
s.m.=jam`-ar, q.v.:jam` hon, v.n. To be panapn; amakn); to be going on, be
collected; to assemble, gather, flock; to be proceeding, be begun (as a case or suit, e.g.
composed or at ease (in respect of, -se):jam` mugaddama jamk); to be joined (as battle, e.g.
hone-k jagah, s.f. Place of resort or assembly, la` jamk); to be full (as a meeting, &c.; e.g.
rendez-vous; centre, nucleus:al jam`, s.f. majlis jamk):dkn jamk, Buyers and
The net demand:sm-wr jam`-band, s.f. sellers are collected in the shop.
An account of revenue assessments settled with
each individual cultivator. H jam-k, s.m. A kind of
covering for the head and shoulders (made of
A jam`t, s.f. pl. (of jam`), Collections; reeds or palm leaves) used during the rainy
additions; receipts, &c. season.

P jam`dr, s.m. See s.v. jam`.

H jam-gha = H
H jum`a-rt, jum`e-rt (A. jum`a+H. jam-gha [rt. of jamn+gha = S. ], s.m.
rt), s.f. 'Friday-eve'; Thursday:kl-jum`e- A dense mass, a crowd, multitude.
rt, s.f. 'Black Thursday'; doomsday.
H jam-gha = H
P jum`ag (fr. A. jum`a), s.f. The weekly
allowance to school-boys, paid on a Friday; the jam-gha [rt. of jamn+gha = S. ], s.m. A
present given on a Friday by school-boys to dense mass, a crowd, multitude.
their preceptor.
H jamal [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
P jum`a (for A. jum`at, fem.), s.m. lit.
A pair, couple, brace.
'The day of the congregation'; Friday (on which
day Musalmans assemble to pray at the great
A jamal, jaml, s.m. A camel; a large salt-
mosque); a collection (of things), a handful:
water fish (said by some to be the whale, and by
jum`a-rt, s.f. 'Friday-eve,' i.e. Thursday.
others the sword-fish).
P jam`yat, vulg. jam`aiyat (for A. ),
A jumal, s.m. pl. (of jumla), The whole, the
s.f. A collection, assemblage, band, party, body
aggregate, the sum.
(=jam`at); an army;collectedness,
composure, tranquillity, peace (of mind);

824
A jummal, jumal, s.m. A cable:hisb-e- H jamanik [S. and
jummal, The reckoning of the alphabet by
abjad, q.v. ], s.f. A wall or screen of cloth
surrounding a tent; a curtain, screen.
P jumlag (fr. A. jumla), s.f. Universality,
totality, the whole. H jamnau = H
jamnauiy [A. min+au = Prk.
P jumla (for A. jumlat, fem.), s.m.
Aggregate, sum, amount, total, whole; (in =S. + +], s.m. A certain
Gram.) a proposition; a clause; a sentence: consideration given to a surety (min),
jumla-e-ismya, s.m. A nominal sentence, a generally amounting to about five per cent.
sentence that begins with the subject (subst. or
pronoun), or one that is composed of an
H jamnauiy = H
inchoative and an enunciative;jumla-e-
shartya, s.m. A conditional sentence or jamnau [A. min+au = Prk.
clause:jumla-e-ifatya, s.m. A qualificative =S. + +], s.m. A certain
or adjectival sentence:jumla-e-fe`lya, s.m. A
consideration given to a surety (min),
verbal sentence, a sentence of which the
generally amounting to about five per cent.
predicate is a verb (with the subject expressed,
or included in the verb):jumla-e-muta`arria,
s.m. A parenthetical sentence or clause:az n H jamo` [S. ], s.m. A
jumla = min jumla, q.v.:fi`l-jumla (rarely, species of the jmun tree, and fruit,the tree
bi`l-jumla), In short, in substance, on the Elodendron roxburghii.
whole;min jamla, From, or out of, the whole.
H jamo` (prob. corr. of jamy,
H jaman, jamun (i.q. jamn, part. of jamn), s.m. Indigo planted before the
q.v.), s.m. Congelation; coagulation; rennet or rains, and irrigated by artificial means.
acid employed for curdling milk (=jman).
H jamwa, jam`a,
H jamn [jam = Prk. () or jamo (fr. jamn), s.m. The foundation
(), fr. S. ;+n = Prk. =S. of a well; the festive ceremony on the occasion
], v.n. To germinate; to sprout, shoot; to of completing the foundation of a well.
grow; to take root; to come up; to become set;
to become firm or fixed; to become hard or H jamog [Prk. ?; S.
concrete; to be collected, combined, or united; +], s.m. Transfer of liabilities by
to consolidate; to be congealed or frozen, to mutual consent (as in the case of a loan
congeal; to be coagulated, to coagulate; to contracted by a landholder for which he
curdle, clot, cake, become thick; to form transfers to the lender the rents of his tenants); a
sediment or precipitate; to be firmly placed, be conditional mortgage:jamog-r, s.m. A
settled, be located, be seated; to cohere, adhere, person who lends a landed proprietor a sum of
stick, cling together; to stand fast, be rooted (to money and recovers the loan from the
a spot, &c.);to insist; to persist; to fit closely, tenants:jamog-nma, s.m. A deed of transfer
properly, or well (in or on, -par); to be placed in of liabilities.
order, be arranged); to have a firm hold or
footing; to be firmly established or set up; to
succeed, prosper, thrive, flourish; to be H jamog [S. (see
impressed (upon), have effect, go home (as jm)++], s.m. A disease to which
counsel, speech, &c.); to be well planted (as a children are liable; the flatus or flatulence
blow); to come right (as an account); to pace in incident to children.
the manege:jam-jn, v.n. intens. of
and=jamn.
H jamogn (fr. jamog), v.t. To
test, prove, verify, ascertain; to settle, adjust
H jamun, jamn [S.
(syn. jn; hahrn).
], s.f. Name of a river, the Jamna; (in
Myth.) the twin sister of Jam or Yama.

825
H jamhn [jamh = Prk. Speaking aside (to another), secret
communication, whispering:jan-baa, s.m.
()=S (), rt. ], v.n. To yawn, Offspring, family:jan-pad, s.m. A
gape. community, nation, people; an empire, country;
a province:jan-jnwar, s.m. Man and beast:
H jamh`, s.f. Yawning, jan-ranjan, adj. Befriending, imparting joy;
gaping;jamh` len, v.n. To yawn, gape. inspiring with confidence; conciliating;
gratifying the people: courting popular
A jumhr (fr. ' to collect together'), favour;an epithet of the Deity:jan-rava,
s.m. A large sand-heap;a great number of s.m. The sound of human voices, clamour,
people, a collective body (of men); the noise; rumour, report; calumny, scandal:jan-
populace; a community; a whole people; a ruti, s.f. Hearsay, report, rumour; news,
tidings, intelligence:jan-lok, s.m. One of the
republic;adj. Universal; all:jumhr-e-
seven Loks or divisions of the universe (the
riysat, jumhr-e-saltanat, s.f. A republic; a
fifth or next above Mahar-lok, where the sons
democracy.
of Brahm and other pious men reside):
janan-gam, s.m. A man of a low or degraded
H jam [S. +], adj. & s.m. caste, a andl:jan-vd, s.m. 'The talk of
Restraining, controlling, curbing;one who men,' news, rumour, report; scandal:
restrains himself, a sage who has subdued his janodhara (jana+ud), s.m. 'Laudation of
senses. men,' glory, fame:jan-hit, adj. Salutary,
beneficial; beneficent:janes, jane, janevar
H jam [S. ], s.f. A twin-sister; (jana+), s.m. 'Lord of men,' a king.
the wife of Jam.
H jin [Prk. (by change of to
H jamaiy (fr. jam-n), s.m. (local) ), fr. S. ], The formative, or base of the
A species of grass. oblique cases, of the pl. of the rel. pron. jo,
'who,' &c.:jin-kar, (old H.)=jin-k, 'of whom,'
H jamaiy, s.f. (prov. & 'whose,' &c.
corr.)=jum`a-rt.
H jin, jan, jani, neg. adv.
H jumert, s.f. corr. of jum`a- (dialec.) No, not; (prohibitive) do not (syn.
rt, q.v. mat).

A jam` (fr. ' to collect'), adj. In a state S jin, s.m. A generic term appllied to a
of collection; the whole, all, universal. Buddh or chief saint of the Bauddh sect, in the
same manner as to a Jain saint; a Jin, a generic
A jam`a (acc. of jam`), adv. In toto, name of the personage peculiar to the Jain sect
altogether; universally. who is ranked by them as superior to the gods
P jam`at (for A. ),s.f. A concourse, of the other sects; a deified saint and teacher.
&c.=jam`yat and jam`at, q.v.
A jinn, vulg. jin, s.m. One of the Genii, a
A jaml, m. = P jamla (for A. ), f. male fairy (fem. par); an elf; a spirit; a demon;
(fr. ' to be beautiful,' &c.), adj. Beautiful, (fig.) a headstrong person; a determined or
elegant, comely, pleasing; good, fair; becoming. resolute person:jin utrn, v.n. To dispossess
one possessed by a Jin; to remove the evil
P jamla (for A. ), f. = A jaml, m. influence of a Jin (from); to exorcise or invoke
(fr. ' to be beautiful,' &c.), adj. Beautiful, a spirit:jin pakan, v.n. To capture a Jin; to
elegant, comely, pleasing; good, fair; becoming. exorcise or invoke a spirit.

S jana, vulg. jan, s.m. A created being, H jun, s.m. Time (=jn, q.v.).
living being, man; person, individual; mankind;
(as last member of a compound) the whole race H jan [Prk. ; S. +], s.m.
or class of; -kind, -folk, &c.; e.g. str-jan,
A man, person, individual (=jan):jan-jt,
'women-kind,' 'women';bandhu-jan,
adv. Man by man, individually, one by one.
'kinsfolk'):janray (jana+), s.m. An
asylum or shelter for men; an inn, caravansary;
a temporary hall:janntik (jana+an), s.m.

826
H jan (perf. part. of jann), part. adj. S jntri, vulg. gytri, = S
& s.m. (f. -), Born (of), brought forth; jnt, vulg. gyt, adj. & s.m. Knowing, wise,
offspring, a son (syn. zda). intelligent; acquainted (with);one who
knows, a knower, a wise or intelligent person;
H jann, v.n. & t.= jann, q.v. an acquaintance.

S jntavya, vulg. gytavya, adj.

H jun (see j`), v.t. To yoke
together.
A janb, s.f. Side, brink, margin; a court or
yard; vestibule; threshold; a place to which one
repairs for refuge, &c. (hence, as a title of
respect, in addressing, or speaking of, a great
man) your honour, your excellency, your
majesty; his honour, &c.:janb-e-`l, Exalted
Sir! your, or his, excellency, &c.=janb:
janb-e-man, My dear Sir.
To be known or understood; to be investigated
or inquired into; perceptible; conceivable; to be
considered as.
S jnti, vulg. gyti, s.m. A father; a
paternal relation; a kinsman; a distant kinsman
(one who does not participate in the oblations
offered to deceased ancestors).
H jan-jt, adv. See s.v. jan.

P janbat (for A. ), s.f. Pollution; loss A jan, s.f. A wing, pinion; the wing (of
of sperma. an army).

S jnpit (pop. gypit), part. Made P jinza, janza (for A. jinzat, fem.),
known, informed, notified; revealed; s.m. A bier with a corpse on it; a bier; a
discovered. funeral;jinza (rarely janza), s.m. A
corpse:janza-rawn, (met.) A horse:
S jnpak (pop. gypak), adj. & janza-kash, adj. & s.m. Drawing a bier;
drawer of a bier.
s.m. (f. -ik), Making or causing to know,
teaching, informing, giving information,
proclaiming;a teacher, instructor; one who S janray, s.m. See s.v. jan.
heralds or makes known.
P jang (corr. fr. A. jan), s.f. A
S jnpan (pop. gypan), s.m. stipulation, contract, bargain; a wager;the
breast bone of a bird; the bow or pommel of a
Making known, announcing, notifying,
saddle.
apprizing, informing; teaching; announcement,
notification, information:jnpanrth, adv. For
the purpose of apprizing, &c. P jung (fr. A. jan), s.m. An outside
covering of a saddle (usually made of the skin
A jannt, s.f. pl. (of jannat), Gardens. of a leopard, &c.); a surcingle; a stirrup leather;
the flap of a saddle.
A jinnt, s.m. pl. (of jin), The Genii:
jinnt-k `lam, The world of the Genii. A jinn, s.f. pl. (of jannat), Gardens
(planted with trees); the regions of paradise.
S jnta, vulg. jnt (pop. gyt), part.
S jnn (pop. gyn), s.m. Knowledge;
Known, ascertained, comprehended,
understood:jntnvay (jnta+an), s.m. 'Of understanding, intellect, intelligence; sacred or
known lineage'; a name of Vardhamn, the last religious knowledge (such as is derived from
Jin or Jain pontiff:jnta-siddhnt, s.m. A man meditation on the higher truths of religion and
completely versed in any science or stra. philosophy, and which teaches man his own
nature, and how he may be reunited to the
supreme spirit); cognizance; consciousness:
S jnt, vulg. gyt, = S jnndhikya (jnna+adh), s.m. Superiority or
jntri, vulg. gytri, adj. & s.m. Knowing, wise, pre-eminence in intelligence:jnn-ar, s.f.
intelligent; acquainted (with);one who The pursuit or practice of wisdom:jnn-
knows, a knower, a wise or intelligent person; akshu, s.m. The eye of intelligence, mind's
an acquaintance. eye; intellectual vision:jnn-darpa, s.m.
'Mirror of true knowledge'; a man of Manjur,
one of the Jain saints:jnn-drishi, s.f. Clear

827
vision or perception (untainted either by
ignorance or by sin):jnn-da, s.f. A state of
intelligence or knowledge:jnn daun, v.n.
To meditate deeply:jnn skhn, v.n. To
acquire knowledge:jnn-kn, s.m. That
inner or esoteric portion of the Veda which
relates to true spiritual knowledge or the
knowledge of supreme spirit as distinguished
from the knowledge of ceremonies:jnn-mn,
jnn-vn, adj. & s.m. Endowed with knowledge
or science; knowing, familiar with, intelligent,
wise, learned; having spiritual knowledge;
one who understands fully, &c. (=jnn, q.v.):
jnn-vishay, s.m. The thing called jnn, q.v.:
jnn-vi-jnn, s.m. Sacred and miscellaneous
knowledge; the Vedas with the supplementary
branches of knowledge, medicine, arms, &c.:
jnnopade, vulg. jnn-upade, s.m. Wise
instruction:jnnehu (jnna+i), adj.
Desirous of knowledge or wisdom:
jnnendriya (jnna+in), s.m. An organ of
perception or sensation (of which there are five,
viz., the skin, tongue, eye, ear, and nose);
mental power, intellect.
H jann (caus. of jann), v.t. To
deliver, to bring to bed;s.m. Delivering;
midwifery.
H janwar, s.m. corr. of jn-war,
q.v.
H jan`on, v.t.=jann, q.v.
H jan` (v.n. fr. jann), s.f. A
midwife:jan`-bidy, s.f. Midwifery:
jan`-adqa, s.m. Alms given at the birth of a
child.
P jinyat (for , inf. n. of ), s.f. Any
prohibited injurious action, as a wounding,
maiming, &c.
H janab, s.m. (local) The plant
Crotalaria juncea (syn. san).
A jamb, s.f. A side, part; a tract (of
country=jnib).
A junub, adj. Under the obligation of
performing a total ablution (by reason of sexual
intercourse, &c.), polluted, defiled.
H janib (fr. A. jamb, or jnib), s.m.
Support, assistance, seconding, countenancing;
partiality.

H jann (caus. of jnn), v.t. To H jumbn (imperf. part. of jumbdan; rt.

cause to know, to inform, &c.=jatn (which is gaf, or gamf, akin to Zend & S. gam), part. adj.
the form commonly used in Hind and Urd, Moving, stirring, shaking, vibrating, trembling;
jann being used chiefly in Braj). tremulous; (rt. of jumbndan) causing to move
or stir, &c., shaking.
S janntik, s.m. See s.v. jan.
P jumbish (v.n. fr. jumbdan), s.f. Moving,
movement, motion; shake, vibration, trembling;
S jnnin, = S jnn agitation; gesture:jumbish den (-ko), To put
(pop. gyn), adj. & s.m. Endowed with into motion, to move, shake, stir, &c.:
knowledge or intelligence, intelligent, wise, jumbish-me n, v.n. To get into a state of
knowing, learned, sage, judicious;one who motion or action, to move, shake, &c.; to
understands fully; one endowed with religious become active; to be stirred up, be roused, be
knowledge; one who knows future events; a excited.
sage; a prognosticator, astrologer, fortune-teller
(syn. jnn-wn). S jambuk, = H jamb,
See jambuk, and jamb.
S jnn (pop. gyn), = S
jnnin, adj. & s.m. Endowed with H jamb, = S jambuk,
knowledge or intelligence, intelligent, wise, See jambuk, and jamb.
knowing, learned, sage, judicious;one who
understands fully; one endowed with religious S jambhr, s.f. See
knowledge; one who knows future events; a
jambhr.
sage; a prognosticator, astrologer, fortune-teller
(syn. jnn-wn).
A jamb (rel. n. fr. jamb), adj. Of or
pertaining to the side; lateral.
H jan`o [jan(n)+`o = Prk.
=S. ()], s.m. A signal, a sign. H jambiy, s.m.= jambiya, q.v.

828
S jambr. See jambr. implement, apparatus, appliance; a musical
instrument; a dial; an observatory; an
astrological or magic diagram, a magic square;
P jambiya (fr. A. jamb), s.m. A large
an amulet, a charm, a philter; juggling:jantar-
dagger worn at the side; side-arms.
mantar, s.m. Juggling, conjuring, enchanting by
figures and incantations; magical or mystical
S jnapit (pop. gyapit), part. Made ceremonies in which diagrams are drawn and
known, informed, taught, expounded. charms or prayers are repeated;an
observatory.
S jnapti (pop. gyapti), s.f. Knowing;
understanding, apprehension, comprehension; H jantra [S. ], s.f.
the exercise of the intellectual faculty. Constraint, compulsion; pain, anguish,
affliction.
H janat [S. ], s.f. The being
born, birth, generation. S janitri, s.m. A father,
&c.=janit.
S janita, vulg. janit, part.
Engendered, begotten, born, produced, S janitr, s.f. Progenitrix, mother.
occasioned.
H jantr [S. +], s.m. A
P jannat (for A. ), s.f. The garden, the
conjurer, juggler, wizard.
abode of recompense, paradise:jannat-rm-
gh, jannat-shiyn, Whose place of rest is
paradise; the deceased or late (king, &c.): H , jantr [S. ], s.f.
jannatu`l-bild, The paradise of regions, an A perforated plate of steel through which ingots
epithet of Bengal:jannat-e-`adan, The garden of gold, silver, &c., are drawn into wire;an
of Eden:jannat-e-mw, The paradise of almanac, a calendar:jantr-me khain, or
rest:jannat-e-ne`m, jannat-e-na`m, The nikln, v.t. To draw out into wire; to attenuate;
garden of delight, a paradise so called:jannat- to take the crookedness out (of one), make
makn, jannat-nab, Whose abode or lot is (one) straight.
paradise.
H janta-sr, s.f.=jat-sr,
H jant [S. ], s.f. A leathern q.v.
thong or a rope; harness.
S jantul, s.f. The plant
H jant [S. +], s.m. An Saccharum spontaneum.
instrument for drawing wire.
S jantu, s.m. A living creature, an
S janat, s.f. A number of men, an animal (usually creatures of the lowest
assemblage of people, a community; people; organization, such as worms, insects, &c.):
mankind. jantu-phal, s.m. The glomerous fig-tree, Ficus
glomerata:jantu-ghna, s.m. 'Killing worms';
S janit, s.m. A father, progenitor. any vermifuge:jantu-may, adj. Abounding in
animals.

H jantr [S. ], s.m. An H jant [S. ], s.f. A mother.

amulet, a charm.
H jantn [jant, q.v.+ = w =
Prk. or =S. caus. augment], v.t.
To press, squeeze;v.n. To be pressed or
squeezed.
H jantra, jantr, jantar [S. Entanglements, embarrassments, troubles, cares
], s.m. An instrument, machine, engine,
H jant, s.f. Birth, &c.=janat, q.v.
A jannat (rel. n. fr. jannat, q.v.), adj. Of
paradise, heavenly.
H janjl [S. +], s.m.
or anxieties (of wordly concerns or
engagements); trouble, complication, bother,

829
fuss; a teasing, tiring, or troublesome person or merchandise, commodities, wares; moveables,
business; an encumbrance, a clog, load; a articles, things; grain, corn; crop, products; (in
plague, pest, bore:janjl-me phasn (-ke), Arith.) practice:jins-e-adn, s.f. An inferior
To get into an entanglement, fall into article, a thing of low price or value; inferior
difficulties; to get into a mess. grain (for cultivation):jins-e-awwal, s.f. A
first-class article or commodity, superior goods
H janjl, s.m. A large musket, a or wares; a first-rate crop:jins-e-bashar, The
swivel (=jaz`il, q.v.). human race, mankind:jins-na, s.m. A
warehouse:jins-e-a`l, jins-e-kmil, s.f. An
article that fetches a full price; a first-rate crop
H janjl [janjl+S. +],
(=jins-e-awwal);jins-wr, adj. According to
adj. & s.m. Occasioning trouble, embarrassing, kind or species, &c.; specifying crops according
troublesome, &c.;a troublesome person; one to kind:jins-wr jam`-band, s.f. Account of
who molests. revenue assessed at certain rates according to
the produce or crops raised:jins-wr, s.f.
P jund, s.m.(?), Castor, a medicinal Specification; classification;adv.
substance obtained from the castor beaver. Specifically; separately, distinctly:abn-e-
jins, s.m. 'Sons of the same stock,' those of the
H jand = H jandr [S. same class, kind, or rank:ism-e-jins, s.m. A
+], s.m. A pitchfork; a kind of rake used generic or indeterminate noun:bi- (or ba-)
jinsi-hi, adv. In its very kind, in every
(in the North-west Provinces) during irrigation
for dividing a field into small beds. particular; in its entirety, as it is, bodily.

A jins, adj. (rel. n. fr. jins, q.v.), Generic,

H jandr = H jand [S. generical; in kind, in goods (paid, &c.).
+], s.m. A pitchfork; a kind of rake used
(in the North-west Provinces) during irrigation P jinsyat (for A. , fr. jins), s.f. A
for dividing a field into small beds. generic quality or state; correspondence or
similarity of kind, race, or genus,
homogeneousness.
H jind, = H
jindag, s.f. corr. of zindag, q.v. A jantiyn (Lat. gentiana arabicized),
s.m. The herb gentian.
H jindag, = H
jind, s.f. corr. of zindag, q.v. S janak, adj. & s.m. Generative,
generating, begetting, producing, causing;a
H jandauliy, s.m. Name of a father, a progenitor;name of a king of Mithila
class of Rjpts in Banda. who was the father of St, Rm's wife:janak-
pur, s.m. The metropolis of King Janak (in the
district of Tirht):janak-sut, s.f. The
H jun, = H junar, = H
daughter of Janak, i.e. St.
jun, s.f.=junhar, and ju`r, qq.v.
H januk, adv. & conj. To wit;
H junar, = H jun, = H though, although (cf. jno).
jun, s.f.=junhar, and ju`r, qq.v.
H janik [prob. jan(n)+S. ],
H jun, = H jun, = H s.m. An expression having more than one
meaning, a pun, a double-entendre.
junar, s.f.=junhar, and ju`r, qq.v. H jang, [prob. by redupl. for S ;
P. zang], s.m. A brass bell such as are
H janaral, janral = H janarel, janrel suspended from bahls, ekks, raths, &c.).
(corr. fr. the English), s.m. A general.
P jang, s.f. Fighting; fight, battle, war,
H janarel, janrel = H janaral, janral combat (syn. la`):jang-zmda, jang-zm,
(corr. fr. the English), s.m. A general. adj. & s.m. Tried or experienced in war,
warlike, brave:a veteran:jang--mush, s.f.
A jins, s.f. Genus, kind, species, sort, class;
Boxing:jang-war, s.m. A fighter, a
gender; family, race, stock; goods,
champion, a hero:jang-war, s.f. Battle,

830
warfare:jang-jo, adj. Quarrelsome, H jangl [S. + +], adj.
contentious, litigious:jang-dda, adj.
& s.m. Of or pertaining to a forest or wood;
Experienced in war:jang-e-zargar, s.m. lit. 'A uncultivated; wild, savage, uncivilized,
goldsmith's quarrel'; a collusive dispute barbarian, clownish, boorish;a barbarian,
between two parties to defraud a third:jang clown, boor; a savage:jangl bdm, s.m. The
karn, v.n. To wage or make war:jang-o- wild almond:jangl bill, s.f. A wild cat
jidl, jang-o-jadal, s.m. Fighting; battle, (=ban-bil`o):jangl piyz, s.f. Squills,
conflict; contention, altercation, brawl, Erythronium indicum:jangl amp, s.m. The
squabble. wild jasmine, Plumieria alba:jangl h, s.m.
The field rat;jangl sarv, s.m. The wild
H jung [fr. S. ], s.f. Emotion, cypress, Ailanthus excelsa:jangl singhr,
impulse;a volume containing several books. s.m. Hermodactyl:jangl s`ar, s.m. The wild
hog, the boar:jangl kabd, s.m. The bustard,
S jung, s.m.f. A kind of pot-herb, Otis sarda:jangl kanda, s.m. Dracontium
polyphillum:jangl kaww, s.m. The raven,
Convolvulus argenteus.
Corvus culminatus.

H jangl, s.m. corr. of zangr, q.v.

S jangam, adj. & s.m. Moving,
movable, locomotive; in motion; having motion
P jangh (contrac. of jang-gh), s.f. Field
(opp. to stationary), having life, living;the
of battle.
animal kingdom; a wanderer; a wandering
mendicant, a class of mendicants with matted
S jungit, part. Deserted, hair, who wear a thin chain on their feet and
abandoned, outcast; injured. carry a bell which they keep constantly ringing.

H jangar, s.m. (prov.)=jangal, q.v. S jangamatva, s.m. The state

of having motion; movableness.
H jangr [jgha, q.v.+r = Prk.
S jangh, s.f. The thigh; the leg;
=S. +], s.m. The haulm or stalk of
the shrouds (of a ship):jangh-mathn, s.f.
autumnal crops.
An adultress, harlot, strumpet.
S jangal, s.m. A jungle, wood,
H janghr [jang, q.v.+S.
forest, thicket; forest land; waste land; land or
country overgrown with long grass and weeds; +], s.m. The name of a large and
a wild or uninhabited part; long grass and turbulent tribe of Rjpts.
weeds (on grounds, or in a garden, &c.);adj.
Wild, waste, desert, solitary:jangal-bur, s.f. S janghl, adj. & s.m. Going
The act of clearing woodlands:jangal phirn,
quickly, rapid, quick;a rapid mover or
jangal jn, v.n. 'To walk in or go to the wood';
walker; a courier.
to ease oneself:jangal f-karn, To clear
land:jangal-k dm, s.m. A wild man,
&c.=ban-mnus:jangal-o-wrn, Jungle and H jingh, = S jing,
waste. s.f. Bengal madder, Rubia munjista.

H jangal, jangl [S. +], S jing, = H jingh,

adj. & s.m. Wild; woody;woody country, s.f. Bengal madder, Rubia munjista.
forest; a coppice, thicket; a grating, lattice;
railing, fence; cloth pencilled with groups of P jang (fr. jang), adj. & s.m. Of or
trees, flowers, &c., in various colours;name relating to war; warlike, martial, military;
of a rgin or musical mode; a medley of tunes, quarrelsome, turbulent; great, vast, extensive:
a Dutch concert:jangl lagn (me), To put a combatant, a warrior; a quarrelsome or
in a grating or lattice; to put up a railing, to turbulent man:jang jahz, s.m. A man-of-
fence. war:jang fauj, s.f. A military force:jang
l, s.m. 'Military-lord,' the commander-in-chief
H jangla, s.m.=jangl. of the Indian army.

831
S janma, vulg. janm, and H. =S. ], v.t. (caus. of janamn), To
janam, s.m. Birth, production, origin; nativity; beget; to cause to vegetate.
existence, life; state of existence; life-time:
janmsham, vulg. janam-asham (S. H janms, s.m.=janws,
janma+ash), s.f. The eighth day in the dark half q.v.
of the month Svan-Bhdo, the birth-day of
Krisha:janmntar (janma+an), s.m.
H janamt (imperf. part. of
Another birth; another state of existence; the
future life; regeneration:janmntarya, adj. janamn), adj. (f. -), Being born; new-born.
Belonging to or done in another life; of or
pertaining to another state of existence: S janman, s.m.=janma, q.v.
janmndh, vulg. janam-andh, adj. & s.m. Blind
from birth;one born blind:janam-b`ol, S janmin, s.m.=janm, q.v.
s.m. A born idiot:janam bign (apn), To
waste (one's) life; to indulge in sensual and
sinful pleasures:janam bigan, To be ruined H janamn [fr. janam = S. ],
for life; to become a widow:janam-bhar, s.m. v.n. To be born.
& adv. A whole life, a life-time;through life,
for a life-time:janam-bhum, janm-bhm, S janmotsav, s.m. See s.v.
janm-bhm, s.f. Birth-place, native land,
janm.
fatherland:janm-patr, janam-pattr,
s.m.=janam-pattr, s.f. Horoscope, astrological
record of nativity, the paper or scroll on which S janm, s.m. A living being, a
are recorded the year, lunar day, configuration, man, a creature, an animal;adj. Innate,
and relative position of the planets, &c. of the inborn; constitutional, inherited, natural;
birth of a particular individual, and a table of impotent from birth.
his fortunes throughout life:janam-pattr-k
bidhi miln, To receive (one's) destined award, S janan, s.m. Generating, begetting,
to meet (one's) fate:janm-jag, s.m. Birth- producing, causing; birth, production,
place:janam-jal, adj. (f. -), 'Burned or causation; coming into existence; life,
spoiled from birth,' originally bad; unfortunate, existence; family, race, lineage; a parent,
wretched;very little:janam-janam, janm-- progenitor.
janam, adv. From birth to birth, one life after
another; in successive transmigrations:janm-
janmntar, adv.=janam-janam:janam-dt, H jann [jan = Prk. () or
s.m.=janma-da, janmad, s.m. 'Birth-giver'; ()=S. (), rt. ], v.n. To be born;
father, progenitor;the Author of existence: to be delivered (of a child), to give birth (to);
janm-din, janam-din, s.m. A birthday:janm- v.t. To bring forth, produce; to give birth to; to
rog, adj. & s.m. Sickly from birth;a cast young; to generate, beget, breed.
valetudinarian:janm-sthn, s.m. Birth-place,
native land, home:janm-swrth, s.m. A
S janangam (janam+gama), s.m.
fortunate or well-spent life:janam-kunl, s.f.
A short horoscope; a generalogical table: A man of a low or degraded tribe, a anl.
janm-kl, s.m. 'Pillar or stay of birth'; an epithet
of Vishnu:janm-gat, adj. Inherent, natural: H janani, adv. & conj. (Old
janm-lagn, janam-lagan, s.m. The conjunction H.)=jno, q.v.
of the sun and a sign of the Ecliptic at the
moment of a birth; the moment of birth; a
S janan, vulg. jann, s.f. Mother,
horoscope, &c. (=janam-pattr):janam len,
v.n. To become incarnate (as a deity); to be progenitrix, parent;tenderness, compassion.
born; to transmigrate (a soul):janm-mara,
s.m. Eternal death:janmotsav (janma+ut), S janu, jan, s.m. Birth.
s.m. A festival held on the anniversary of
Krisha's birthday. H jano, janu, adv. & conj.
(prov.)=jno, q.v.
H janmn [S. + = w =
Prk. or =S. +n = Prk. H jano (or jano`i), s.m.
(dialec.)=jane`, q.v.

832
 H jan-hr [S. ], adv. Man
H janws = H by man, one by one, individually (=jan-jt,
janws [S. + and +], s.m. The q.v.s.v. jan).
place at the bride's house where the bridegroom
and his train are received. H junhr [S. +], s.m.
Indian millet, Andropogon sorghum, &c.
H janws = H (=ju`); Indian corn, maize (=juwr; and
applied locally to other similar kinds of grain;
janws [S. + and +], s.m. The cf. the forms jor, jo, jundr, &c.).
place at the bride's house where the bridegroom
and his train are received. H janh`, adv.=jan-hr, q.v.

H janwsat, s.m.=janws,
H junh` [Prk. ; S.
q.v.
H janwn (doub. caus. of +], s.f. The moon, moonlight.
jann), v.t. To cause to be born, &c.=jann,
q.v. H janhar, s.m. Name of a branch of
the Gjar tribe.
H janws, s.m.=janws,
q.v. H junhar, junhr [junhr+ =
Prk. =S. ], s.f.=junhr, q.v. (also junr,
H janw` [janw(n)+` = Prk. jnr).
=S. ()++], s.f. A
midwife's fee. H junhaiy, s.f.=junh`, q.v.

H jaw` [S. +], s.m. A H jan (fem. of jan, q.v.), s.f. A

son-in-law (=jam`). daughter.

A janb, s.m. The south. H jan [S. + +], s.m. A

dangerous fainting-fit to which lying-in women
A janba (acc. of janb), adv. To the
are subject.
south, southward.

A janb, adj. (f. janbya), Southern. S jan, jani, s.f. A woman; a

wife; a mother; the wife of a son or brother's
S janodhara, s.m. See son, a daughter-in-law; a maid-servant;birth,
production; birthplace.
s.v. jan.

H janwar (corr. fr. the English), s.f. H jann, s.f.= janan, q.v.
January (the month).
H jane, conj. (colloq.)=jne, q.v.
A junn, s.m. A state of possession by a
jin, demoniacal possession; loss of reason,
A jinn, s.m.f. One of the genii=jin, q.v.
madness, insanity, phrensy;a demoniac:
junn ahn, v.n. To be possessed; to become
mad; to be in a phrensy:junn-daur, s.m. S jany, s.f. The friend of a mother;
Insanity with lucid intervals:junn-k lat- the relation or companion of a bride, a
me, junn-ke galabe-me, adv. In a state of bridesmaid.
insanity, under the influence of madness; in a fit
of phrensy or passion. H junaiy, s.f.=junh`, q.v.

A junn (rel. n. fr. junn), adj. Mad, P janbat (for A. ), s.f. A she-camel
insane; phrensied; passionate. that one gives or lends to people, with money,
in order that they may bring corn or other
provision for him.

833
H janet, jinet [S. whatever:jo-z, The thing which; whatever
thing, whatever:jo-kuh, Whatever,
+], s.f. A marriage procession; the whatsoever, anything:jo-ko`, Whoever,
company and attendants at a marriage feast. anyone who:jo-ki, Whichever:jo ho,
Whatever happens; at all events, at any rate:
S janayit, s.m. A father, jo ho-sakt hai, Whatever can be done, what is
progenitor, ancestor. practicable or possible:jo ho so ho, Happen
or come what may.
H juner, janer,
H jo, jau [Prk. or , fr. S.
s.m.=junhr; junhar, qq.v.
], adv. When (=jab, q.v.):jo-kabh,
A jann, s.m. An embryo, a ftus; the Whenever:jau-lag, jau-lau, adv. (Braj)=jab-
child, or young, in the womb. lag, q.v.s.v. jab:jo-h, adv. (correl. woh),
The very moment that, as soon as, no sooner.
H jane`, jane`u, jane`o [Prk.
; S. +], s.m. The sacrificial H jo, jau (see the preceding), conj.
or sacred thread worn by the Brahmanical order If, if that, that; in that, inasmuch, since:jo-
among Hinds (over the left shoulder and kabh, If ever:jo-ki, Though, although
hanging down diagonally across the body to the (=agari); inasmuch as, whereas (=ki).
right hip); a (thread-like) flaw in a jewel (such
being regarded as sacred). H jau (and, in a few comp., and in Braj)
jav [S. ], s.m. Barley; a grain of barley;
H janew, s.m. A kind of grass,
a barley-corn (measure); a jot, tittle; the mark
Agrostis linearis (syn. db); a kind of fragrant between the finger-joints:javkur (S.
grass which grows with arf crops. yava+an), s.m. A shoot or blade of barley; the
young shoots of barley presented by Brahmans
S janya, s.m. A father; the friend or to their disciples at the feast of Naurtr:jau-
attendant or companion of a bridegroom; phal, s.m. The medicinal plant Wrightia
fighting, war, combat. antidysenterica:jau-jau isb len, To take an
account of every tittle, to take a strict
P jinnya (for A. jinnyat, fr. jinn, jinn), account:jau-an, s.f. A mixture of barley and
adj. & s.f. Of or relating to the genii;a female chick-pea or 'gram':java-khr (S.
jin or jinn. yava+kshra, s.m. An alkali prepared from the
ashes of burnt barley straw, a medicine; impure
S java, vulg. jav, s.m. Speed, quickless, saltpetre; nitrate of potash:jau-ku, jau-kob,
adj. 'Reduced to particles like barley-corns,'
swiftness, rapidity.
half-pounded, bruised, coarsely ground:jau-
madhya, s.m. lit. 'Having the middle like a
H jiv, ji`, s.m. corr. of jv, q.v. barley-corn'; a kind of penance, diminishing the
food daily during the dark fortnight; fasting on
H j, s.m. & adv. (Braj)=j, q.v. the new moon and gradually augmenting the
food to the full moon.
P j, jo [Pehl. gi; Zend vidhi, rt. vad; cf. S.
H jaw [S. ], adj. & s.m. Of the
], s.f. A river, stream; a rivulet, brook.
size or shape of a barley-corn;barley, &c.
(=jau); a figure or mark (resembling a barley-
P j, jo (act. part. of justan = Pehl. zytan;
corn) in the joints of the fingers (=jau); a clove
Zend, rt. jad = S. gad), adj. & s.m. Seeking;
of garlic; a kind of stitch in needle-work:
seeker (used in comp., e.g. jang-jo, 'Quarrel-
jau`, s.m. A kind of small grub or worm:
seeking,' contentious, &c., see s.v. jang).
jawe-dr, adj. Made with golden bits of the size
and form of a barley-corn (a chain, &c.); sewed
H jo, prov. jau, jaun [Ap. Prk. with the stitch termed jaw:jaw-khr,
(by elision of or change of to ); s.m.=java-khr, q.v.s.v. jau:jaw-ha, s.f. A
very small species of the yellow Myrobalan
Prk. ; S. +], rel. pron. Who,
(ha or halela).
which, that, what:jo-jo, Whoever, whichever,
whatever:jo-jo-kuh, Whatsoever thing,

834
S jav, s.f. The China rose, Hibiscus shf, s.m.=jawb-e-f, q.v.:jawb-e-hart,
rosa sinensis:jav-pushp, s.m. Idem. s.m. (Gram.) An apodosis, the complement or
correlative of a condition:jawb-e-f, s.m. A
flat refusal by way of answer, a categorical
H juv, in comp. juva [Prk. ; S.
answer:jawb-talab, adj. Requiring an
( )], adj. & s.m. Young, juvenile;a answer; called to account:jawb talab karn
young man, a youth:juva-rj, s.m. 'A young (-se), To request or call for an answer (from); to
king'; an heir-apparent associated with the call to account:jawb-e-qat`, s.m. A definite
reigning sovereign in the government, a crown or conclusive answer:jawb karn (-k), To
prince:juva-rjya, s.m. The dignity of heir- make answer; to be responsible (for); to
apparent and associate on the throne. respond, to defend (a suit):jawb khn, v.n.
To be answered, to be silenced:jawb miln,
H j` [Prk. ; S. +], s.m. A v.n. To be discharged or dismissed (=jawb
pn):jawb-nma, s.m. A writing fixed to
yoke; the yoke of a carriage or plough:j`
the winding-sheet, on the breast of the
hrn, To throw off the yoke, to refuse the
deceased, which it is intended that the angels
yoke; to be tired (of).
Munkar and Nakr (q.v.) should read in case the
poor soul should be too much flurried to answer
H j` [S. +], s.m. Play, their questions:jawb hon, v.n. To be the
gaming, gambling, dice, playing with dice: counterpart (of, -k), to correspond or agree
j`e-bz, s.m. A gamester, gambler (=j`r): (with); to be dismissed or discharged:arf-e-
j`-or, s.m. A gambler who sneaksaway with jawb, s.m. A responsive or replicative particle.
his winnings:j`e-na, s.m. A gaming-
house:j` kheln, v.n. To gamble, to play A jawb, adj. & s.m. Responsive; in
with dice. reply; counter; re-;counterpart; a respondent,
defendant;a kind of bill of exchange, which is
A jawb, s.m. Answer, reply, response (to not paid till notice is received of the bill's
a letter, writing, saying, or question); retort, having been taken up;the chorus (especially
rejoinder; anything answering to another, in repeating a marsiya or elegy):jawb zor,
counterpart, facsimile, double, pair; return, s.m. (Mech.) Counter force; reaction.
reward, compensation; discharge, dismissal,
cong; refusal (of an offer of marriage, &c.): H j` = H j`h
jawbu`l-jawb, s.m. The rejoinder or reply to
an answer; rejoinder:jawb b-awb, s.m. A [j`, q.v.+S. ; or = Prk. =S. (for
fitting or proper answer:jawb bl, 'May )], s.m. A yoke (=j`, q.v.).
your advice prevail,' a kind of benediction:
jawb pn, To get (one's) discharge or
H j`h = H j`
dismissal, receive (one's) cong;jawb-deh,
adj. & s.m. Answerable, responsible, amenable, [j`, q.v.+S. ; or = Prk. =S. (for
accountable;answerer; one called to account;
)], s.m. A yoke (=j`, q.v.).
a respondent, defendant:jawb-deh rahn (-
k), To be responsible or accountable (for):
jawb-deh, s.f. The giving an answer, A jawd, vulg. jawwd (see jd), adj.
answering; the being responsible, Liberal, bountiful, munificent, generous,
responsibility, liability; the defence (in a court beneficent.
of law):jawb-deh-se bar karn (-ko), To
relieve of responsibility; to exonerate:jawb- H juwr, j`r, s.m.
deh karn (-k), To respond, to defend (a suit or (prov.)=j`, q.v.
action):jawb den (-ko), To give an answer
(to), to answer, reply; to give an account (of, - H juwr, ju`r, jawr,
k), to account (for); to be responsible,
accountable, or amenable (for); to discharge, jwr, jo`r [S. +; or
dismiss, disband; to leave, forsake, desert: +], s.m. Flood-tide, flood:ju`r-bh,
jawb-suwl, s.m. Question and answer; s.m. Flood and ebb-tide.
conversation, dialogue; disputation, argument;
contention, altercation:jawb-suwl karn,
To argue, dispute, &c.:jawb-suwl, adj. & H juwr, ju`r, jawr,
s.m. Ready at reply or rejoinder;one who is jwr, jo`r, [S. + or
ready at rejoinder;reply, rejoinder:jawb-e-
; cf. also junhr], s.f. Indian millet,

835
Andropogon sorghum, or Holcus sorghum; H jaws = H jaws
(local) maize, Indian corn.
[S. , and ], s.m. A prickly plant
H juwr, ju`r, or grass, Hedysarum alhagi, or Alhagi
maurorum (on which cattle and camels browse,
jawr [juwr+Prk. =S. +], s.m. and of which as are made.
Indian corn, maize; large millet; barley, &c.
H jaws = H jaws
H jawr [S. ++; or
[S. , and ], s.m. A prickly plant
r = Prk. =S. +; but cf. juwr or grass, Hedysarum alhagi, or Alhagi
above], s.m. A blade or shoot of barley; maurorum (on which cattle and camels browse,
juwre, pl. The barley-shoots which are forced and of which as are made.
in earthen pots for presentation at the Dasahra
festival; the small shoots of rice which H jaw-khr, s.m. See jaw,
germinate when steeped in water.
and jau.
H juwr, ju`r, A jawwl (fr. ' to go round or about'),
jawr (?) [j`r = j`+Prk. =S. +], adj. & s.m. Going about or travelling much;
s.m. A yoke or pair of oxen (engaged in work); one who goes about or travels much.
as much land as can be ploughed by a pair of
bullocks; (local) the area ploughed in half a A jiwl, s.m. pl. (of jl), The walls or
day. enclosures of wells, parapets (of wells).

H jawras, s.m. corr. of next, q.v. P juwl, s.m.(?) A sack, bag; half of a
(horse) load; the human body; guile, deceit,
A jawrish (the P. guwrish arabicized), fraud (=jul); anything open, expanded, or wide.
s.f. A digestive stomachic; a thing that causes
food to digest. H juwl, j`l, s.m.
(prov.)=j` = ju` q.v.
H jawr, juwr, s.f. A
thread stretched over the bridge of a musical S jvl, s.m. = S jvl,
instrument, beneath the strings (whereby the s.f. Flame, blaze; light; fire; heat; passion:
sound is said to be improved); the bridge of a jwl-jihv, s.m. 'Flame-tongued'; a name of
stringed instrument (as a sir, &c.). Agni or fire:jwl-mukh, jwl-mukh, s.f. A
volcano; any place where subterranean fire or
H juwr, ju`r, inflammable gas breaks forth (such places being
jawr, s.f. dim. of juwr and ju`r, qq.v. held sacred by the Hinds as indicating the
presence of a form of Durg); a title of the
goddess Dev (Durg), and of her shrine in the
H juwr, ju`r [S.
district of Kgr, in the Panjb.
+( )+], s.m. A gambler.
S jvl, s.f. = S jvl,
H juw, j`, s.m. s.m. Flame, blaze; light; fire; heat; passion:
(prov.)=j`, q.v. jwl-jihv, s.m. 'Flame-tongued'; a name of
Agni or fire:jwl-mukh, jwl-mukh, s.f. A
P juwz, jawz, s.m. A large wooden or volcano; any place where subterranean fire or
stone mortar (for pounding grain); an oil-press; inflammable gas breaks forth (such places being
a sugar-mill. held sacred by the Hinds as indicating the
presence of a form of Durg); a title of the
A jawz (inf. n. of ' to pass'), s.m. goddess Dev (Durg), and of her shrine in the
Permission; toleration; lawfulness, legality; district of Kgr, in the Panjb.
validity; propriety:jawz hon, v.n. To be
allowable, lawful, &c. H jawl, s.m. = H
jawl, s.f. [S. ++, and ], Mixed
P jawzyat (for A. , fr. jawz, fr.
jawz), s.f. Allowability; legality; propriety. barley and wheat; grain or chick-pea mixed
with barley (as food for cattle).

836
 +], s.m. Youthfulness, youth, &c.
H jawl, s.f. = H (=jawn).
jawl, s.m. [S. ++, and ], Mixed
barley and wheat; grain or chick-pea mixed H jaws, s.m.=jaws, q.v.
with barley (as food for cattle).
H javkur, s.m. See s.v. jau,
P H juwn, jawn [Prk. jav; and jawr.
; S. ;Old P. jun; Zend yavan; S.
P jawna, adj.=jawn, and jawn, qq.v.
yuvan], adj. & s.m.f. Young, youthful, in the
prime of manhood or womanhood; vigorous;
P jawn, s.f. Youth; adolescence,
blooming;a young man or woman; a youth;
manhood, age of discretion, puberty; the season
an adult; a man, an able-bodied man; a soldier,
of youth:jawn ahn (-par), To attain to
warrior:jawn-bat, adj. Fortunate, of
the vigour of manhood, to arrive at the age of
blooming prospects:jawn-e-li, s.m. A
puberty; to be affected by youthful lust:
proper or fine youth:jawn-mard, adj. & s.m.
jawn-k phal, s.m. The fruit or enjoyment of
Manly, brave, gallant, spirited, bold, intrepid;
youth:jawn-k 'lam, s.m. The season or
magnanimous, generous;a spirited or brave
time of youth.
fellow, a fine young fellow, a hero; a generous
or large-hearted man:jawn-mard, s.f.
Manliness, bravery, courage, spirit, gallantry, H jawn [S. ], s.f. The
intrepidity; magnanimity, generosity:jawn- plant Ptychotis (or Ligusticum) ajowan (see
maut, s.f. Untimely death (=jawn marg): ajwn).
jawn maut marn, To die prematurely:
jawn-e-nau-ez, s.m.f. One who has just H jaw`, s.m.=jaw`, jam`,
attained to manhood or womanhood. qq.v.
P jawn, adj.=jawn (used in comp.): A jawhir, s.m. (pl. of jauhar, but used as
jawn-marg, s.f. Death in the flower of youth, a sing. also), Jewels, gems, precious stones; a
untimely death:jawn-marg marn, To die jewel, gem;essences, substances:jawhir-
prematurely. na, s.m. A jewel-office; a storehouse for
jewels:jawhir-nigr, adj. Ornamented or
H jiwn, v.t.=jimn, q.v. bedecked with jewels, jewelled, studed with
jewels.
H jiwn (caus. of jn, q.v.), v.t.
A jawhirt, s.m. pl. (of jawhir),
To cause to live (see jiln).
Jewels, gems, &c.
P jawn, s.m. pl. (of jawn), Youths; A jawhir, s.m. A dealer in jewels, a
soldiers, &c. jeweller.
P jawn-na, adj. & adv. Of or pertaining
to a youth or a young man; fitting or becoming H jaw-ha, s.f. See s.v. jaw.
a youth; like a young man.
H jaw`, s.m.=jaw`, jam`,
A jawnib, s.f. pl. (of jnib), Parts, sides, qq.v.
environs, tracts, quarters.
H jawn-pan = H H jw`in, s.f.=ajw`in, jawn,
jawn-pan [jawn, q.v.+pan = Prk. qq.v.
or =S. (Vedic ) or
H joban, jauban [Prk.
+], s.m. Youthfulness, youth, &c.
(=jawn). ; S. ], s.m. Youth, youthfulness,
the prime of life, bloom of youth; puberty,
H jawn-pan = H manhood, adolescence; vigour, bloom,
flourishing state; the pleasures of youth;
jawn-pan [jawn, q.v.+pan = exquisite enjoyment; the pleasures of sense,
Prk. or =S. (Vedic ) or taste, or culture; (met.) the breast, well-

837
developed breasts; a fine figure; beauty:joban bot, s.f. Tillage, husbaudry, agriculture:jot-
ubharn, joban umakn, joban umadn, v.n. jam`, s.f. The land cultivated and the
Puberty to show itself; the breasts (of a woman) assessment paid by a cultivator:jot-jog, adj.
to be developed:joban-pain, To attain to Fit for cultivation, culturable, arable:jot-dr,
puberty; to be in full vigour; to bloom:joban- s.m. Plougher, tiller, husbandman, one
jor, s.m. Youthful strength or vigour;adj. cultivating land:be-jot, adj. Uncultivated,
Strong with the strength of youth:joban-k untilled (land):be-jot jam`, s.f. A statement in
mt, m. (joban-k mt, f.) adj. Intoxicated by the public account of the revenue leviable on
(the pride of) youth:joban ln, v.n. To taste land left uncultivated:nij-jot, s.f. The lands of
or enjoy the pleasures of youth to the full, to cultivating proprietors (syn. ud-ksht).
revel in the pleasures of youth:joban-mat, m.
(joban-mat, f.) adj.=joban-vn, q.v.:joban H jt [Prk. ; S. , rt. ],
nikln, v.n.=joban ln, q.v.:joban-vn, m., s.m. A pair of shoes; a shoe, a slipper:jt
joban-vat, f. adj. Young, youthful, juvenile; uhn, v.n. To raise a shoe (in order to beat), to
attained to or arrived at the age of puberty, fit to be ready to apply the shoe:jt uhaln, jt
be married, marriageable; beautiful, handsome. barasn, v.n.=jt aln, q.v.:jt-jt, s.f.
jtam-jt, s.m. Mutual application of shoes, a
H joban, s.m.=joban. fight with shoes; a scuffle, fight:jt den (-
ko) = jt lagn, q.v.:jte-k shn, s.m.
H jobn, v.t. (prov.)=jovn; john, One kept in submission or rendered tractable by
the application, or through dread of the shoe:
qq.v.
jt-lagn, jt mrn (-ko), To apply the shoe
(to), to give (one) a shoe-beating.
H jp [S. ], s.m. A sacrificial post
or stake (to which the victim is fastened); a H jot (perf. part. of jot-n), part.
column erected in honour of a victory, a trophy.
adj. & s.m. (f. -), Ploughed, tilled;cultivated
land.
H jt, s.m. A shoe, a slipper,
&c.=jt, q.v. (used chiefly in comp.):jt- H jot [jot, q.v.+ = i` = iw = Prk.
patrag, s.m. A fight, scuffle, &c. (=jt-
paizr):jt aln = jt aln, q.v.:jt- or =S. ()+], s.m. A
or, adj. & s.m. Beaten with shoes; mean, ploughman, cultivator, husbandman,
vile, infamous;one who has been beaten with agriculturist:jot-dr, s.m. Idem.
slippers.
H jot [Prk. ; S. +; see
H jot, joti [S. , or jot], s.m. 'A tie-wall,' a partition wall.
+, rt. ], s.f. Light, brightness,
brilliancy, lustre, splendour; sunshine, H jotr [jot, q.v.+r = Prk. =S.
sunbeam; a ray of light; flame of a candle or ], s.m. A ploughman, &c.=jot, q.v.
lamp; a light, a lamp;a glance of the eye, the
faculty of seeing, vision, sight; (met.), soul,
H jot`, adj. Fit for cultivation;
spirit:jot-batt karn, jot ahn, v.n. To
light a lamp (in a temple), to place a lighted arable (=jut`, q.v.).
lamp (before an idol):jot-sarup (S.
jyotis+swarp), adj. Luminous, radiant, H jot`, s.f. Ploughing,
resplendent, effulgent, glorious; an epithet of &c.=jut`, q.v.
the Deity:jot-mn, adj.=jot-sarp, q.v.
H jawatr, jawattar,
H jot [Prk. ; S. , rt. ], s.f.
jawattr [S. ], s.f. Mace (=jwatr).
Fastening, tie, band, cord, rope, strap, trace (of
a carriage, &c.); the strap or cord that fastens
the yoke of a plough, &c. to the neck of the ox; H jotis = H jotish,
a yoke; the rigging of a ship;(v.n. of jotn, vulg. jotikh [S. ], s.m. Astronomy;
q.v.) yoking (oxen to a carriage, or to a plough,
astrology;a kind of spell.
&c.);ploughing, tillage, cultivation,
husbandry, agriculture; cultivated land, a
cultivated tract; the holding or tenure of a
cultivator; the rent paid by a cultivator:jot-

838
H jotish, vulg. jotikh = H
H jth [S. or ], s.f. A
jotis [S. ], s.m. Astronomy;
kind of jasmine, Jasminum auriculatum.
astrology;a kind of spell.

H jthel, s.f.=jthl, q.v.

H jotish [S. ; or
jotish+S. in+], s.m. An astronomer; an
H jt [Prk. ; S. +; see
astrologer.
jt], s.f. A shoe, a slipper:jt-par jt ahn
or ah-jn, v.n. One shoe to come on top of
H jotik, s.m.=jotikh = jotish, q.v. the other (superstitiously regarded as a sign of
an impendingjourney):jt-par mrn (-ko),
H jautuk [S. or ], 'To strike or beat (one or a thing) against the
s.m. Property given to a bride at her marriage, a shoe'; to spurn, disdain, despise, contemn:
dower, a a nuptial present. jt-paizr, s.f. A fight with shoes; a general
scuffle:jt-paizr karn, To fight with
H jotikh, s.m.=jotish, q.v. shoes:jt-or, jt-ora, adj. & s.m.
Beaten with slippers; disgraced; mean, vile,
infamous:one so beaten; a vile or infamous
H jotikh, = H person:jt-se, adv. It concerns my shoes; my
jotik, s.m.=jotish, q.v shoes may care:jt-k nok-par mrn (-ko) =
jt-par mrn, q.v.:jt-kr, jt-mr, s.f.
H jotik, = H The act of beating with slippers:jtiy
uhn (-k), 'To take up the shoes' (as a duty);
jotikh, s.m.=jotish, q.v
to do menial service, to wait upon:jtiy
bagal me mrn, To slink away or run off with
H jotig, s.m. (Old H.)=jotish, q.v.
(his) shoes under his arm:jtiy ate
phirn, 'To walk about making the shoes creak';
H jtan, s.m. pl.=jte:jtan-or, to walk about doing nothing:jtiy sdh
adj. & s.m.=jt-or, and jt-or. karn (-k), 'To arrange or dispose the shoes;' to
perform menial service; to pay respect or
H jotan (i.q. jotn, q.v.), s.m. homage (to); to cringe (to):jtiy khn,
v.n. To suffer a shoe-beating; to suffer indignity
Ploughing, &c.;a ploughman=jotr:jotan- or humiliation; to remain in an abject state of
hr, s.m. A ploughman, &c.=jot, jotr. submission:jtiy mrn (-par), To give
(one) a shoe-beating; to treat contemptuously,
H jotn [ jot = Prk. () to disdain; to revile, taunt:jtiyo-me dl
or ()=S. (), fr. ], v.t. To yoke ban (-k), 'To have dl put in his shoes'; to
(oxen to a carriage, or to a plough), to put to (a have a domestic quarrel.
horse); to plough, till, cultivate, bring into
cultivation, to reclaim (land);to drag, force, H juwat, juwat [S.
or constrain (one) to do a thing; to win or buy or ], adj. & s.f. Youthful, young;a
(one) over:jotn-bon, v.t.=jotn, 'to plough.'
young woman, a damsel.
H jot [rt. of jot-n+ = Prk.
H jot [Prk. ; S. ; see
=S. ()+], s.m.=jot, jotr. jot], s.f. The string which suspends the scale of
a balance; the strap or cord which fastens the
H jth [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. A yoke of a plough, &c. to the neck of the ox.
body, band, company; a flock, herd (=jath):
jth-wr, adj. Corporate, joint, possessed in H joti, s.f.=jot, 'light,' q.v.:joti-
common. sarup, adj.=jot-sarup.

H jthl, s.f. Land which bears H jtiy, s.f.=jtiy, q.v.

two harvests during the year (=jhhan, q.v.).

H jth-wr, adj. See s.v. jth.

839
H jotiy [jot(-n)+iy = A jd (inf. n. of ' to be liberal'), s.f.m.
Liberality, bountifulness, munificence,
Prk.=S. ()++], s.m. A generosity.
ploughman, husbandman, &c.=jot, jot.
P jaudat (for A. , inf. n. of ' to be
H jtiyl, s.m. A class of good,' &c.), s.f. Excellence; quickness of
apprehension, intelligence; ingenuity;
hereditary watchmen located in the tract under
benignity.
the Siwlik range of hills.

H joddh, jodh [S. ],

H jtiy, s.f. Land which bears
s.m. A fighter, soldier, warrior, combatant; a
two harvests during the year (=jthl).
brave fellow, a hero.
S j, s.m. The matted hair of iva;
H jodh-pan [jodh+Prk.
the twisted or matted hair of an ascetic.
===S. (Vedic )], s.m.
H jo [S. ; or Prk. =S. Soldiering; bravery, prowess, heroism.
;see jun], s.m. A pair (as of oxen used
H jodhan [S. ], s.m.
in a plough, &c.); one of a pair, a match, peer,
Fignting; battle.
fellow, companion, mate (=jo);adj. Equal,
even (opp. to odd);jo bdhn (-k), To
form a pair, to pair, match. H jodh [S. +], s.m. A
warrior &c.=jodh.
H jo [Prk. ; S. +],
s.m.=jo, and jo, qq.v. H jor, s.m. corr. of zor, q.v.:
jorwar, adj.=zorwar.
H jh, = H jh, s.m.
A jaur, s.m.f. Wrong-doing, injustice,
Leavings of food, &c.=jh, &c., q.v. oppression, violence, tyranny:jaur-o-zulm,
s.m. Idem.
H jh, = H jh, s.m.
Leavings of food, &c.=jh, &c., q.v. S jvar, s.m. Fever (=jar):jvarpah
(jvara+ap), s.f. A febrifuge, the plant
H jhan, s.f.=jh = jh, q.v. Medicago esculenta:jvargni (jvara+ag),
s.m. Feverish heat, the hot paroxysm in fever:
H joiy [Prk. ; S. jvar-nak, adj. Febrifuge, antifebrile:
jvarotpati (jvara+ut), s.f. The origin of fever:
+], s.m.=jo, jo, jo, q.v. jvar-aushadh, s.m.f. Any medicine for fever.

H jiyl, s.m.=jtiyl, q.v. H juva-rj, s.m. See s.v. juv.

H jojan [S. ], s.m. A H jorn, v.t.=jon, q.v.

measure of four kos, q.v.; a distance of from
five to nine miles. H jor [jor = jo, rt. of jon,
q.v.+S. +], s.f. A wife:jor-k bh`, s.m.
H jjh [Prk. ; +], s.m.
Wife's brother, brother-in-law (=sl):jor-k
War, battle, conflict, fight, combat, contest, gulm, jor-k mazdr, jor-k murd, s.m. A
engagement, struggle, strife. wife's slave, an uxorious husband; a hen-pecked
husband.
H jjhn [jjh = Prk.
()=S. (), rt. ], v.n. To fight, H jr, s.f. Ague=j, q.v.
combat; to wage war; to contend (with); to be
killed in battle:jjh-marn, v.n. To die H jor, s.f.=jo, q.v.
fighting.

840
S jvar, adj. Febrile, feverish, &c.:jo-j, adj. Mended, pieced, patched,
afflicted with fever. clouted:jo aniy (Mech.), A
combination of levers.
H jo (see jon), s.m. Joining,
H jo` [jo(n)+` = Prk.
junction, union, connection, join, joint,
soldering; conjunction; accretion; combination; =S. ()++], s.f. The act
society; sum, total; (in Arith.) the rule of of joining, &c.; the business of joining,
addition, addition; (in Alg.) plus; a patch, a mending, &c.; the price of joining, &c. (=ju`,
seam; a pair, match, equal, mate, partner; an q.v.).
invention, fabrication, concoction; a plot, a
trick:jo bihn (-me), To fit (in) a join, to H jot [jo(n)+Prk. =S.
dovetail:jo-patt, s.f. (Bot.) Compound
leaf:jo-to, s.m. Joining; joint; contrivance, (++)], s.f. Counting, adding;
mechanism; device, craft;jo-to karn, To calculation, computation, reckoning; the sum
contrive, devise, scheme, exercise (one's) skill total.
or ingenuity; to plot (against):jo-j, s.m.
Scraping together, collecting by small H jol [jo(n)+Prk. ; S.
quantities; savings; scraps:jo-jo, s.m. Every + or +], adj. & s.m. Twin; (in Math. &
joint (of the body, &c.):jo-dr, adj. Jointed,
having joints; (in Bot.) compound:jo den (- Bot.) conjugate;a twin:jol bh`, s.m. A
twin brother.
me) = jo lagn, q.v.:jo-resha, s.m.
(Anat.), Tissue:jo-gha`o-k ul lg, s.f.
(Math.), Harmonical progression: jo-gha`o- H joan (see next), s.m. Joining;
la, (Math.) Arithmetical progression:jo-lg, collecting, &c.; that which joins or binds, &c.;
adv. (Math.) Componendo:jo lagn (-me), solder; rennet:joan-hr, s.m. One who joins
To put a patch or piece (in); to cast up, to add or mends, &c., a joiner, a mender; one who
up a sum. collects or amasses, &c.; one who adds or sums
up, &c. (see jon).
H j = H j [S. and
H jon [jo = Prk. () or
], adj. & s.m. Cold; coldness (=st;
han; han). ()=S. () rt. ], v.t. To join,
unite, connect, bind, tie, attach (to, -se); to
H j = H j [S. and mend, patch; to cement, solder; to stitch
together; to set (a bone, &c.); to bind up, heal,
], adj. & s.m. Cold; coldness (=st; or comfort (a broken heart, &c.; e.g. ue dil-k
han; han). jon); to yoke; to harness (=jotn); to match,
mate, pair; to add together, cast up, sum up; to
H j [S. or ], s.m. A reckon, calculate, compute; to bring or get
together, to collect, to assemble; to accumulate,
knot or fillet of hair, the hair done up in a knot
amass, to scrape together, to save up; to
behind, top-knot (=);crest or plume (of a
consolidate; to coagulate; to compose (verses,
bird); the hinder part of a turban; a rope or ring
&c.); to make up (a fire); to brighten up, to light
of twisted grass (placed as a support under a
(a lamp); to contrive, scheme, devise, plan; to
round-bottomed jar;=jn).
invent, fabricate, concoct:jo-den, v.t.
intens. of and=jon.
H jiv, ji`, s.m.=jv,
or jiy, q.v. H jow [rt. of jon+w =
Prk. (with w inserted)=S. +], s.m.f.
H jo [jo, q.v.+S. +], s.m.
A twin; a pair, mate, companion, consort (see
Joining, connection; a pair, couple; one of a
pair, fellow, mate, match, counterpart; partner, juw).
consort (wife or husband); a pair of shoes; a suit
(of clothes);alchemy; alloy:jo bann, H j (see j, j; = Prk. i` =
v.n. To form or mix alloy, to alloy. S. ik), s.f. A shivering fit, an ague.

H jo (perf. part. of jon, q.v.),

part. adj. (f. -), Joined; mended; patched,

841
H j [S. or +], s.f. A boil:josh-zan, josh-zann, adj. Boiling up, in
a state of ebullition:josh khn, v.n. To boil,
small bundle of sugar-cane (the tops of the j
to bubble up:josh mrn, josh-me n, v.n.
brought home on the Ikdas of Ktik are kept
To begin to boil, to boil, bubble up, to ferment;
suspended from the roof of the house till the
to swell, overflow; to chafe, rage; to be heated;
Hol, and burnt during that festival);a
to be agitated (as the waves of the sea); to be
necklace of small cakes of dried cow-dung
lustful; to be moved, be touched, be overcome
strung together (which is cast into fire during
with emotion; to be in a frenzy; to be
the Hol).
inspired:josh-me ln, v.t To rouse one's
anger, &c.; to enrage, excite, &c. (see josh).
H jo (fem. of jo, q.v.), s.f. A
pair, couple; a fellow, assessor, mate; partner, P joshn, imperf. part. (of joshdan; see
consort; match, equal, counterpart;a carriage josh), Boiling, bubbling up; foaming (as
and pair; (local) a pond, tank;adj. fem. of waves).
jo, q.v.:jo hkn, To drive a pair.
P joshnda (imperf. part. of joshdan; see
H joiy, jauiy [rt. of josh), s.m. A decoction (syn. kh)
jon+Prk. =S.( +)], adj. & s.m.
H joshit [S. ], s.f. A
Twin; connote;a twin; a fellow.
woman, female; a wife.
H j-mr, s.f. (local) lit.
P joshish (v.n. from josh, q.v.), s.f.
'Brought under the yoke'; land actually in Ebullition; heat; fervour; emotion; violent
possession (as opp. to that to which a man is desire (see josh).
entitled by descent from a common ancestor).
A jaushan, vulg. joshan, s.m. A coat of
A jauz, s.m. A nut;nutmeg (=j`ephal): mail, cuirass, armour;a gold or silver
jauzu`l-msal, s.m. The thorn-apple. ornament worn by women on the upper arm, an
armlet.
A jauz, s.m. The sign Gemini;Orion.
H josh [S. +], s.m.
H js [S. ], s.m. Broth; pease- An astronomer; an astrologer;a low caste of
soup, pease-porridge; the water in which pulse Brhmans employed in casting nativities.
has been boiled.
A j`, s.f. Hunger, appetite:j`u`l-kalb,
A jausaq (the P. kshk arabicized), s.m. A adj. Voracious, gluttonous:j`u`l-kalb, s.f.
lofty building; a palace; a belvedere. Canine hunger, voracity.

H jos, s.m.=josh, q.v. A jauf, s.m. An interior space, a hollow,

vacancy, cavity, concavity; inside, interior.
H jos, s.m. The name of a tribe of
A jauq, s.m. A body, troop, company (of
Hinds (see josh). men:jauq-jauq, adv. In troops.

H jsh, s.m.=js, q.v. H jok, s.f.=jok, q.v.

P josh [prob. Zend yukhsh, fr. yuz = S.

H jk [S. ], s.f. A louse (=j,
], s.m. Boiling, ebullition; effervescence;
q.v.).
heat, excitement, passion, emotion; lust;
fervour, ardour, zeal; vehemence; enthusiasm;
H jokn, v.t.=jokhn, q.v.
frenzy:josh-e-jawn, s.m. The ardour or fire
of youth:josh-arosh, josh-o-arosh, s.m.
Noise, tumult, din; excitement, working of P jau-kob, adj. See s.v. jau, 'barley.'
passion, anger, passion, rage:josh-e-n,
s.m. Ebullition of the blood; full-bloodedness, H jokh (v.n. fr. jokhn, q.v.), s.f.
plethora; maternal or fraternal affection:josh- Weighing; weight; measurement; a weight.
e-dahan, s.m. A breaking out or eruption of the
mouth:josh den (-ko), To cause to boil, to

842
H java-khr, s.m. See s.v. jau, in a fixed posture); abstract contemplation,
meditation, devotion, penance; union with the
'barley'
Supreme Being by means of abstract
contemplation; the Yoga system of philosophy
H jokh` [jokh(n)+` = Prk. (as established by Patanjali, to teach the means
=S. ()++], s.f. by which the human soul may attain complete
Weighing; measuring; the weighman's fee or union with the Supreme Being);the twenty-
perquisite (=jukh`). seventh part of a circle measured on the plane
of the Ecliptic (and used in calculating the
longitudes of the sun and moon); a division of
H jokhim, jokham [S. the moon's path corresponding to the twenty-
+], s.f. orig. 'Security, secure eight Nakshatras; (in banking) the person on
possession' (of property, &c.); the charge for whom a draft or bill of exchange is drawn;
securing property (from accidents), insurance adv. By means of, by reason of, through; in
(syn. bm); property, substance, valuables (as consequence of; on the part of, from:
jewels, money, &c.); an achievement, jogbhys (S. yoga+abh), s.m. The manner of
enterprise, venture, a hazardous undertaking or life and practice of Jogs or Hind ascetics:
business; risk, hazard; the thing risked or put to jogsan (S. yoga+sana), s.m. The posture or
hazard; jeopardy, peril, danger, fear; loss, injury mode of sitting proper for profound and abstract
(in any business or undertaking):jokhim meditation:jog-l, s.m. The precession of the
uhn, v.n. To run the risk (of, -k), to venture, equinoxes:jog sdhn, v.n. To practise
risk, hazard; to suffer loss:jokhim-k, adj. (f. profound and abstract meditation; to lead the
-k), Risky, venturesome, hazardous, life of an ascetic:jog-sew, s.f. The practice
dangerous:jokhim-me pan, v.n. To run a or cultivation of religious abstraction:jog
risk; to be placed in jeopardy, to fall into len, v.n. To retire from the world, to become
an ascetic:jog-my, s.f. The my or
danger:jokhim-me ln, v.t. To risk; to
magical power of the Yoga, a certain illusionary
place in jeopardy, to endanger.
power which Jogs are supposed to possess (viz.
the being able to assume at will any number of
H jokhim [jokhim, q.v.+S. forms of their own body):jog-nvik, s.m. A
(i.e. +], adj. & s.m. Involving kind of fish, Silurus ascita:jog-nidr, s.f. A
danger or risk, venturesome, perilous, kind of sleep (supposed to be peculiar to
hazardous;a venturesome person, one who devotees) which admits of the full exercise of
risks. the mental powers, a state of half-
contemplation, half-sleep; light sleep,
wakefulness:jog-vh, s.m. A menstruum or
H jokhn [jokh = S.() rt. medium for mixing medicines;s.f. Alkali;
], v.t. To weigh; to measure; to estimate, quicksilver:jogear, joge, jogevar (S.
rate, take the measure or amount of (one's yog+), s.m. A master of the Yoga; any
abilities, &c.). principal sage or Jog; one who has obtained
superhuman faculties, a magician; a teacher of
sacred science; a deity; the object of devout
H jokho, s.f.=jokhim, q.v.
contemplation; an adorer, a devotee;an
epithet of Krisha, of iva, and of Yjnavalkya.
H jokh (from jokh), adj. H jog = H jog [Prk.
Weighed, determined by weighing; of weight.
, or =S. , or +], adj.
Useful, serviceable: fit, becoming, suitable
H jog [Prk. ; S. ], s.m.
proper, appropriate; apposite; applicable; fit for,
Joining, uniting, fitting; connection, union; qualified for; able, capable of, adequate;
yoking; putting to (horses); meeting, contact; advisable; (in comp. jog answers to -able, -
mixture, combination, association; method, worthy, &c.; e.g. bar-jog, lit. 'fit for a
means, mode, manner; propriety, fitness, bridegroom'; marriageable).
suitability; fixing (an arrow or other weapon);
application of a remedy, remedy, cure;
H jog = H jog [Prk.
consequence, result; occasion, opportunity; (in
Astron.) conjunction, a lucky conjuncture, , or =S. , or +], adj.
auspicious or fortunate moment; (in Arith.) Useful, serviceable: fit, becoming, suitable
addition, sum, total;application or proper, appropriate; apposite; applicable; fit for,
concentration of the thoughts (keeping the body qualified for; able, capable of, adequate;

843
advisable; (in comp. jog answers to -able, - H jogya [S. ], adj.=jog, q.v.
worthy, &c.; e.g. bar-jog, lit. 'fit for a
bridegroom'; marriageable).
S jval, s.m. Flame, blaze, light.
H jugat, s.f.= jugat, q.v.
A jl, s.m. The wall that surrounds the
interior of a well, the parapet of a well (pl.
H jogt [S. ], s.f. jiwl, q.v.).
Suitableness, propriety, fitness, appropriateness,
consistency; ability, capability. H jl, = H jl, jol,
s.m.=jul, q.v.
H jugat, adj.= jugat, q.v.
H jl, jol, = H jl,
H jogin, jogan [S. s.m.=jul, q.v.
], s.f. The wife of a jog; a female
A jawaln (inf. n. fr. ' to go round or
devotee or performer of jog.
about'), s.m. Walking round, going about;
turning round, revolving (as dust or wind, &c.);
H jogin, jogn [S. motion, agitation.
], s.f. A female demon or being of
magical power (created by and attendant on P jawln, jauln (A. jawaln), s.m.
Durg), a witch, a sorceress; (in Astrol.) a spirit Wandering up and down, wandering about;
ruling periods of good and ill luck. moving or springing from side to side (as
combatants or competitors in an amphitheatre
or place of exercise); moving round (as a horse
H joginya, s.f. (old in a manege), coursing;jauln, jln, s.m.
H.)=jogin. Fetters, irons:jauln karn, v.n. To move or
spring about, &c.;v.t. To cause to move
H jog, s.m. (prov.)=jog, q.v. round, or spring about, &c.;jawln-kunn,
adj. Moving, leaping, springing:jawln- (or
jauln-) gh, s.f. A place of exercise (for troops
H jogavn, joga`on, v.t. To
or for horses); a champ-de-mars:jauln-gar,
take care of, to guard, tend (=jugn, q.v.). s.f. Galloping fast; a gallop; fleetness:p-ba-
jauln, adv. With the feet in irons, fettered.
H jog [S. ], s.m. One who
performs the kind of religious exercise called P jauln (fr A. jawaln), s.f. Strength (of
jog, a contemplative saint; a devotee, an ascetic, body or mind); intelligence, quickness of
a hermit; one supposed to have obtained apprehension, acumen; fleetness.
supernatural powers, a magician, a conjurer;
name of a particular mixed caste who are P jlh, jolh, = P jlha,
commonly weavers (this caste do not burn but s.m.=julh, q.v.
bury their dead; and the women are sometimes
buried alive with the corpses of their husbands). P jlha, = P jlh, jolh,
s.m.=julh, q.v.
H jogiy [S. +], s.m.
H jl` (corr. fr. the English), s.f. July (the
The colour worn by jogs, a reddish-yellow month).
colour; ochre (syn. geru);name of a rgin or
musical mode; a kind of pigeon.
S jvalit, part. Kindled, burnt,
consumed by fire; blazing, flaming.
H jogyat, s.f.=jogt, q.v.

S jvalak, vulg. jvalk, s.f. A

H joges, = H
large flame or blaze.
jogewar, s.m. See s.v. jog.
S jvalan, adj. & s.m. Burning,
H jogewar, = H
blazing, flaming; shining;fire; caustic potash.
joges, s.m. See s.v. jog.

844
H jla, jol, s.m. (local), A H jo, jau j [Prk. (by
tract of land containing sixteen bss. change of to n), fr. , fr. S. ], adv. As,
like; when (=jo and jab, q.v.):jon-to, adv.
H jol, s.f. Partner, fellow, As before, in statu quo; in some way or other,
companion, &c.=jo, q.v. (used chiefly in anyhow:jo-to karke, jon-tyo kar or karke,
comp, e.g. ham-jol, q.v.). adv. By some means or other, by any means,
somehow, anyhow; as it could be done; with
P jlda, jolda (perf. part. of juldan; much difficulty:jo-jo, j-j, adv. As; as
and=shorda, q.v.), part. adj. Scattered; far as, as long as; as by degrees;jo-k to,
confused. j-k t, adj. & adv. Unaltered, untouched,
perfect, whole, the very same;as originally,
H jau-madhya, s.m. See s.v. as it was, in statu quo, the same as ever,
jau, 'barley.' precisely the same; as in fact, as in reality:
jo-k to rakhn, v.t. To preserve or keep
H jawan, jaun [Prk. ; S. unaltered; to let alone; to keep safe and sound;
to maintain intact, to uphold:jo-kar, adv.
], s.m. An Ionian, a Greek; a As, like; as possible, in any way:jo-lag,
Mohammadan (sometimes applied to both the adv.=jab-lag, q.v.s.v. jab:jo-h, jo-h, adv.
Mohammadan and European invaders of India); The very moment that, just as soon as, no
a foreigner, barbarian; the country of the sooner; just as fast as; exactly as if.
Yavanas (sometimes applied to Bactria, Ionia,
Greece, and, more recently, to Arabia):jaun- H jon, joni [S. ], s.m.f.
pur, s.m. 'The town of the foreigner or
The womb, uterus, vulva, vagina, pudendum
Mohammadan,' the town of Jaunpr (near
mulieris:jon-yars, (S. yoni+aras), s.m. A
Banras):jawan-ml, s.f. A kind of ornament
fleshy excrescence in the vulva, menorrhagia or
worn on the neck by women.
prolapsus uteri:joni-ling, s.m. The clitoris:
joni-ns, s.f. The upper part of the vulva, the
S javan, adj. & s.m. Swift, fleet;a point of union of the labi.
fleet horse, a courser;swiftness, speed,
velocity. H jaun [S. ], adj. (f. jaun),
Relating to the womb or place of birth, uterine;
H j [S. ], s.f. A louse;a thing concerning or relating to marriage or affinity;
as small as a louse; a tittle:j pan (-me), resulting through marriage; connected by the
To become lousy:j dikhn, To get one to mother's side.
hunt for lice:j dekhn, To hunt for lice, to
louse:j-k l, s.f. Very slow or creeping H jaun, Braj. jau [Prk. (by
motion:j-k l aln, To creep along:
change of to n), fr. , fr. S. ], rel.
j`e (or j`e) mrn, lit. 'To kill lice'; to
trifle, dilly-dally, dawdle:j-muh, adj. lit. pron. Who, which, &c.=jo, q.v.:jaun-s,
'Small-mouthed'; smooth-tongued, Whichever, whatever; any.
hypocritical:mar j, s.f. lit. 'A dead louse';
a slow, heavy person; a lifeless or inanimate H j` [j, q.v.+Prk. =S.
person; a sluggard. +], s.m. A large louse, a louse.

H jn, jaun [Prk.; S. for

H jn [Prk. ; S. +],
, rt. ], s.m. Old, decayed;time; period, adj. Old, worn, decayed; thin.
age.
H jn [S. +, rt. ], s.m. A rope
H jn [S. ], s.f. The body (as the of grass (for cleaning vessels, or for tying a
repository of the soul); the form of existence or bundle); a ring of twisted grass or twine (placed
station as fixed by birth; birth; as a support under a round-bottomed vessel).
transmigration:jn badaln, jn palan, To
change the body, to transmigrate:jn pr H jon, v.t.=jown = john, q.v.
karn, To live the life to which one is destined;
to drag out one's existence, to exist.

845
H jivnr, ji`onr, jaunr, H jau, s.m. Payment of village
s.f. A feast, entertainment, &c.=je`onr, q.v. servants in kind.
H jaunr = H jaunl
H jok [S. ], s.f. A leech:
[Prk. ; S. +], s.m. Land
jok lagn, To apply leeches:jok ho-ke
cultivated alternately by rab` and arf
sowings, land in continual cultivation; land lipan, To stick like a leech.
which has yielded a spring crop of wheat and
barley, and is sown for another crop of different S javanik, s.f. A screen
grain. surrounding a tent; a curtain.

H jaunl = H jaunr H jo-kar, adv. See s.v. jo.

[Prk. ; S. +], s.m. Land
cultivated alternately by rab` and arf H jaukn, v.t. To rail at, to
sowings, land in continual cultivation; land scold, to abuse.
which has yielded a spring crop of wheat and
barley, and is sown for another crop of different S jog, = S jongak, =
grain.
H jogh, s.m. Aloe wood,
H jaup = H jaupai agallochum.

[S. ], conjn. (Braj), Even if, although,

S jongak, = S jog, =
supposing.
H jogh, s.m. Aloe wood,
H jaupai = H jaup agallochum.

[S. ], conjn. (Braj), Even if, although,

H jogh, = S jog, = S
supposing.
jongak, s.m. Aloe wood,
H jau [S. ++; or agallochum.

], s.f. A kind of smut in barley and wheat,

H jo-h, adv. See s.v. jo.
in which the ears are empty.
H joni, s.m.f.=jon, joni, q.v.
H jaun, s.m. A platform about ten
feet high, from which watch is kept on cattle
and crops. H j` (dim. of j`), s.f. A louse.

H jaur, = H H jonyars, s.f. See s.v. jon,

jau, = H jnr, s.f.=ju`r; joni.
junhr; junhar, qq.v.
H jyel [j`+S. +], adj.
H jau, = H (f. -), Lousy.

jaur, = H jnr, s.f.=ju`r;

H jo` (v.n. of jon = jown = john,
junhr; junhar, qq.v.
q.v.), s.m. Seeing, looking at, beholding.

H jnr, = H
H jw, s.m. (prov.), A yoke (=j`,
jaur, = H jau, s.f.=ju`r; q.v.).
junhr; junhar, qq.v.
H jauwan [S. ], s.m. Youth;
H jaur, s.m.=jau, q.v.: manhood, &c.=joban, q.v.:jauwan-darp, s.m.
jaur-bhaur, s.m. A retired room, a vault; The pride of youth, conceit; rashness:jauwan-
retirement, privacy. das, s.f. The period of youth:jauwan-wn,
adj. m. (f. jauwan-wat), Youthful.

846
H jown = H A jauhar (rel. n. fr. jauhar), s.m. A
jeweller, a seller of gems, &c.; a lapidary; a
jowanau (see john), v.t. To see, look at,
tester, appraiser (of precious stones, &c.);adj.
behold, regard.
Relating to a jewel, essential (as a property,
&c., opp. to accidental).
H jowanau = H
jown (Braj) (see john), v.t. To see, look at, H jha [jh = j = j`, q.v.+ar =
behold, regard.
Prk. =S. +], s.f. A yoke attached to a
H jh, s.m. A yoke (=j`, q.v.). plough.

H jha, joha [S. +],

? jivh, s.f.=jihv, q.v.
s.m. A pit or tank (not made of masonry) in
which rain-water, &c. collects; a pond,
H juhr, johr [joh(n)+r = inundated land.
Prk. =S. +; or fr. ji`u = S. ], s.f.
Falling at the feet (by way of salutation); H johan (see next), s.m. Looking
salutation, obeisance. longingly at, gazing at, beholding:johan-jog,
adj. Worthy to behold, worth seeing (e.g.
H johrn (see johr), v.t. To Mohan-kau mukha sohan, johan-jog).
salute, to address reverentially, to make
obeisance to. H john [joh = Prk. (), or
(), or (); S. (), fr.
H jhar, johar jauhar
], v.t. To see, look at, behold, gaze at;
[S. +, rt. ], s.m. (Obs.), Taking one's to look longingly or eagerly at; to look for,
own life, committing suicide;fighting expect, watch for (=apeksh karn; intizr
desperately to the death:jhar (or jauhar) karn).
karn, To kill oneself together with wife and
children. (When the Rjpts are attacked by an H jh = H j` [S. ],
overwhelming force, they sometimes slaughter
s.f. Jasmine, Jasminum auriculatum;a kind of
or burn their wives and children, and then sell
fireworks resembling the jasmine.
their lives dearly on the field of battle.)

H jhar, johar, s.m.=johar,
q.v.
H jauhar (the P. gauhar arabicized), s.m.f.
A gem, jewel; a pearl; essence, matter,
substance, constituent, material part (opp. to
accident), absolute or essential property; skill,
knowledge, accomplishment, art; excellence,
worth, merit, virtue; secret nature; defects,
vices;the diversified wavy marks, streaks, or
grain of a well-tempered sword;adj. Bright,
shining, glittering:jauhar-dar, adj. & s.m.
Marked with jauhar;a scimitar so marked:
jauhar dikhn, To show what one is made of;
to show to advantage:jauhar-e-fard, s.m. An
indivisible atom; (met.) an unrivalled or
unequalled person:jauhar khuln (-k), One's
abilities or virtues to come to light; one's
defects or faults to be exposed:ahl-e-jauhar,
s.m. Men of ability, merit, or worth.
A jauhart, s.m. pl. (of jauhar), Gems, seeks or searches (for), a seeker; an inquirer:
jewels (=jawhir).
H j` = H jh [S. ],
s.f. Jasmine, Jasminum auriculatum;a kind of
fireworks resembling the jasmine.
H j` (see j`), s.f. A species of
insect destructive to certain crops.
P j`e, jo`e (see j, jo), s.f. A rivulet,
brook:jo`e-br, s.f. A large river formed by
many smaller streams; a large body of water, a
flood (cf. ju`r).
P jo` (fr. justan; see j or jo, and just), s.f.
(used in comp.), Seeking, searching.
H jo`e, joya, jo` [S. ], s.f.
A wife (=jor).
P joy = P joyn = P joyanda
(imperf. part. of justan; see just), part. adj. &
s.m. Seeking, inquiring (or or after);one who
joy hon (-ke), To seek, search (for), to inquire

847
(for or after):joyanda ybanda, He finds who H jhp (cf. jhb), s.m. A narrow-
searches; seek, and you shall find.
mouthed basket.
P joyn = P joy = P joyanda
A jiht, s.f. pl. (of jihat), Sides, faces;
(imperf. part. of justan; see just), part. adj. &
quarters; cardinal points;duties on
s.m. Seeking, inquiring (or or after);one who
manufactures.
seeks or searches (for), a seeker; an inquirer:
joy hon (-ke), To seek, search (for), to inquire
(for or after):joyanda ybanda, He finds who S jh, s.m. An arbour, bower, place
searches; seek, and you shall find. overgrown with creepers; a wood, thicket.

P joyanda = P joy = P joyn S jh, s.f. Jasmine, Jasminum

(imperf. part. of justan; see just), part. adj. & auriculatum.
s.m. Seeking, inquiring (or or after);one who
seeks or searches (for), a seeker; an inquirer:
joy hon (-ke), To seek, search (for), to inquire S jhik, s.f. The plant
(for or after):joyanda ybanda, He finds who Flacourtia cataphracta.
searches; seek, and you shall find.
H jahj, s.m. corr. of jahz, q.v.
P jawwn, jauwn [fr. jaw, q.v.+n = Zend
H jhjh, s.m. An intoxicating
aena = S. ], adj. Made of barley.
mixture made of bhag or hemp (=gj).

H jha, the ninth consonant of the Ngar H jhjhar [S. ; or jhjh,

alphabet and the aspirate of the letter ja:jha-
kr, s.m. The letter or the sound jha. q.v.+ar = Prk. =S. +], s.m. Cymbals
(=jhjh); an ornament with little bells worn on
S jah, s.f. A plant, the flowers of the ankle.
which resemble those of the kadamb. A jihd (inf. n. iii of ' to labour,' &c.),
s.m. A war waged by Muslims against infidels;
H jhb = H jhb [S. a crusade.
, and +; or , cf. abba and ab],
s.m. A leathern vessel for measuring out or H jhd, = H jhd,
holding oil, ghee, &c.; a ladle; a narrow- s.m.=jhbar q.v.
mouthed milk-pail (syn. jhwl).
H jhd, = H jhd,
H jhb = H jhb [S. s.m.=jhbar q.v.
, and +; or , cf. abba and ab],
A jihd (see jihd), s.m. One who fights
s.m. A leathern vessel for measuring out or
against unbelievers, a crusader.
holding oil, ghee, &c.; a ladle; a narrow-
mouthed milk-pail (syn. jhwl).
H jh, s.m. A bush, &c.=jh, q.v.;
H jhbar [jhb, q.v.+ar = Prk. (loc.) a tree.
=S. ++], s.f. Low-land on which water
H jh, s.m. (dialec.)=jhd;
lies; a pool: marshy land, a marsh, fen, swamp.
jhbar, q.v.
H jhbr, s.m. = H
H juhr, s.f.= juhr or johr,
jhbl, s.f. [jhb, q.v. + r = Prk. =S. q.v.
++; jhbl = jhbr]=jhb, q.v.
H jhr, s.m. (dialec.)=jhjh, q.v.
H jhbl, s.f. = H
jhbr, s.m. [jhb, q.v. + r = Prk. =S. H jhr [jhr(n)+ = i` = Prk.

++; jhbl = jhbr]=jhb, q.v. =S. ()+], s.m. A kind of

848
sieve;(jhra(n)+S. ), Drizzling rain, H jh [rt. of jhn+ = Prk.
drizzle (syn. jha; jhs). =S. +], s.m. Sweeping, cleaning,
clearing; minute search (made by making a
H juhrn, v.t.=johrn, q.v. person suspected of stealing take off all his
clothes); sweepings; a stool, purge, evacuation;
H jhrn [jhr = Prk. () or excrement, dirt, filth;conjuring, hocus-pocus,
incantation:jh-jhap len (-k) = jh
()=S. (), caus. of rt. ], v.t. To len, q.v.:jhr-jh, s.f. Search:jh den
sift; to winnow (cf. jhn). (-ko), To submit to minute search (of one's
person); to hocus-pocus, conjure, mutter
H jhr (dim. of jhr, q.v.), s.f. A incantations (over):jh len (-k), To
pitcher with a long neck and a spout to it, an search (one's person) minutely:dkn-jh,
ewer. s.m. Sweepings of a (druggist's) shop;
compound medicine.
H jhr, s.f.=jh, q.v.
H jhan (see next), Sweepings,
H jh [S. ], s.m. A bush, shrub; rubbish (=jhaan);a coarse cloth for wiping
furniture, &c., a duster, a dish-clout.
bushes, bramble, brushwood, scrub,
underwood, brake; a kind of arabesque work; a
H jhn [jh = Prk.
lustre or chandelier; a kind of firework:jh
bisn, v.n. To pick a quarrel:jh-jhakhr, ()=S. (), caus. of rt.
s.m. Brambles, underwood; a tangled thicket, a with ], v.t. To clean, to sweep, to brush, to
brake:jh-jhr, s.m.=jh-jhakhr:jh-
s, adj. (f. -), Like a bush or shrub; (in Bot.) dust:jhn-jhaakn, v.t. Idem:jh-
cymose:jh-k k, s.m. Bush-thorn, bahrn, v.t. To sweep up, to clean:jh-
bramble-thorn; (met.) a quarrelsome person: pahor-kar dekhn, v.t. To look closely into, to
search thoroughly, to examine minutely, to
jh-khan, adj. & s.m. Full of brambles,
bushy;a forest, jungle; the forest of scrutinize:jh-den, v.t. (intens.) To brush,
brusn off, clean up, clear out, sweep away,
Baijnth:jh ho-kar lipan, v.n. To stick or
cling (to one) like a bramble; to stick close (to sweep clean:jh-ln, v.t. (intens.) To
sweep out, sweep away; to dust or clean well,
one):jh hon, v.n. Idem.
&c.:jh-len, v.t.=jh-den, q.v.
H jh (v.n. of jhn), s.f. Sweeping,
H jhn [caus. of jhan;jh
cleaning, &c. (see jh-n); a purge; a shower,
continuous and heavy rain, downpour = Prk. () or ()=S. (), rt.
(=jha):jh-ant, adv. Sweeping clean out, ], v.t. To cause to drop or fall; to strain; to
making a clean sweep, entirely:jh-bq, s.f. shake (trees, carpets, &c.), to beat (bushes,
Clearing off (an account, &c.), full payment; &c.); to shake off, to cast (its feathers, as a
finishing touch or stroke:jh bdhn, v.n. bird); to brandish or flourish (a sword, stick,
To shower, to pour down, to rain without &c.), to make a cut (at); to give one a shaking
ceasing:jh-poh, s.f. Wiping, dusting, or a set-down; to knock off, break off; to dash,
cleaning:jh-pah, s.m. Digression:jh- strike, flap; to shed sparks, to strike out fire (as
phk, s.f. Juggling, conjuring, exorcising; from a flint); to conjure, hocus-pocus, to repeat
incantation, sorcery, hocus-pocus (particularly spells or charms over:jhn-phkn, v.t. To
to cure a disease or the bite of a snake):jh- exorcise, to repeat spells or charms over (a sick
jhaak, s.f.=jh-poh, q.v.:jh-jhr, s.f. person).
Sweeping, dusting, &c. (=jh-poh);
sweepings; perquisites. H jh-ant, adv. See s.v. jh,
'sweeping.'
H jh [S. +], s.m. A bush,
&c.=jh (used chiefly in comp.):jh H jh [rt. of jhn 'to sweep,'+
phirn, jhe-jhape jn, jh-jhak phirn,
= Prk. =S. ()+], s.m. A broom, a
v.n. lit. 'To walk among the bushes'; to go to the
necessary, to go to the rear, to ease oneself. besom, a whisk;a comet:jh-bardr,
s.m.=jh-kash, q.v.:jh phirn or phir-
jn, v.n. To be swept, to be swept clean; to be

849
cleaned out:jh phern, v.t. To sweep,
&c.=jh den:jh diln, v.t. To get (a H jhl [S. , rt. ] , adj. & s.m.
place) swept:jh den, v.t. To sweep, to Sharp, hot, pungent;sharpness, heat, hot taste,
clean; to make a clean sweep of all in a house, pungency (as of pepper or chillies), acrimony;
to spare nothing:jh karn, v.t. To crush joining or solder (of metals);a large basket
(one) down, to scold, chide; to castigate, (=jhall).
chastise:jh-kash, s.m. A sweeper (by caste
and occupation, syn. all-or, bhang): H jhl (cf. jhr), s.m. Local rain,
jh mrn, v.t. To beat with a broom.
rain which falls on one spot and not on another
close to it.
H jh [S. +], s.f. A
shrub, bush; bramble, brushwood, small bushes, P jahlat (for A. ), s.f. Imperfect
underwood; copse, brake, thicket; wood, forest, knowledge, ignorance, barbarism, brutality.
jungle (see jh);a jasmine bush or creeper:
jh-b, jh-b, s.f. Shrubs, bushes, H jhlar [jhl = jhr = jh(n)+ar
brambles:jh-b-k ber, s.m.=jha-ber,
q.v. = S. ], s.f. A fringe:jhlar-dr, adj.
Having a fringe, fringed.
A jahz, s.m. A ship; the tree of a camel's
saddle, or the saddle and its appurtenances; the H jhlr (see jhlar), s.m. A
requisites, or equipments, or the paraphernalia, spring (of water), a well; a square b`ol or well
of a bride (which she carries to her husband's of solid masonry.
house, syn. jahez, q.v.); funeral apparatus;the
pudendum of a woman:jahz-e-han, s.m. H jhlr [S. 'a kind of
An iron ship; an iron-clad:jahz-par, adv.
Aboard a ship, aboard, on board:jahz-se drum'], s.f. A cymbal (=jhjhar; jhjh).
asbb utrn, To discharge cargo, to unload a
ship:jahz-shikan, s.f. Shipwreck:jahz-k H jhl (see jhlar), s.m.
jahz, s.m. A ship itself, quite a ship (applied (dialec.) A necklace.
adjectively to any thing or person of great
size):jahz-ko rsta batn, To pilot a ship; H jhln (see jhl), v.t. To make
jahz-ke utre-k jagah, A landing-place for
ships, a port (syn. bandar):or-jahz, s.m. A hot or pungent, to season (pickles, &c.);to
privateer; a pirate. solder H jhln [jhl = Prk.
(), or ()=S. (), caus. of rt.
A jahz (rel. n. fr. jahz), adj. & s.m.
Naval, nautical;a sailor:s.f. A kind of ], v.t. To clean, to polish (plate, &c.).
scimitar;a kind of betel-nut:jahz iqrr-
nma, Charter-party:jahz tijrat, s.f. Trade H jhm, s.m. A large instrument in
by ship; carrying trade, commerce:jahz or,
the shape of a hoe used for excavating earth in
jahz k, s.m. A pirate, a privateer:jahz well-sinking, &c.
kutt, s.m. A greyhound (in this sense jahz is
probably a corruption of the A. jahz, 'fleet,
swift'):jahz log, s.m. Sailors; the crew (of a H jhm [S. +; Prk. S.
ship). ], s.m. Pumice stone; vitrified brick
(com. used to clean the hands and feet with;
H jhkar, = H also written jhw).
jhka, s.f.=jhakr, q.v
S jhmar [prob. for S. +],
H jhka, = H s.m. A small whetstone (such as is used by
jhkar, s.f.=jhakr, q.v housewives for sharpening their spindles,
needles, &c.).
H jhg [prob. S. , rt. ], s.m.
Foam, froth; scum:jhg ln, v.n. To foam, to H jhmar, s.f. Marshy land,
froth; to foam with rage. swamp (=jhwar, jhbar):jhmar-jhmar,
s.m. A mirage; illusion.
A juhhl, s.m. pl. (of jhil), Ignorant
people, simpletons, fools.

850
S jhmak, s.m.=jhm, q.v. H , jhp [jhp, q.v.+Prk.
=S. +], s.m. A large jhp or matted
H jahn, prov. jeh [i.e. shutter (such as constitutes a village gate).
jit+thn; Prk. +; S. +],
adv. (correl. tah), Which place, where, in the H jhpn [jhp = Prk.
place which; wherever, wheresoever:jah- ()=S. (), pass. of rt. (used
tak, jah-talak, adv. As far as:jah-tak ho- actively)], v.t. To cover, hide, conceal, screen,
sake, As far as possible:jah-tah, adv. shade; to shut, close.
Here and there, all about; promiscuously; in
some few spots or places:jah-tah phirn, H , jhpo, s.f. A bad
To wander; to straggle:jah-jah, adv.
woman, a harlot; the common king-crow,
Wherever, wheresoever:jah-se, adv. From
Dicrurus albirietus.
which place, whence:jah-k- (or -k-, or -
ke-) tah, adv. Here, there, and everywhere;
everywhere;in the same place as before, H jh [S. , rt. ; cf. ],
without change of position or situation:jah- s.f. The hair of the private parts, pubes.
kah, adv. Wherever, wheresoever:jah-
lag, jahn-lo, adv. (dialec.)=jah-tak, q.v. H jhj, s.f.=jhjh, q.v.

H jahn, vulg. jah (Old P. gehn, ghn, H jhjan, s.f.=jhjhan, q.v.

jihn; Pehl. gehn; Zend gaetha), s.m. The
world:jahn-r, adj. World-adorning:
jahn-afirn, s.m. Creator of the world:jahn- H jhjh [S. ], s.f. Anger,
bn, s.m. Keeper or protector of the world; the passion, pet, rage; dispute, quarrel; impatience
Deity; a powerful monarch:jahn-bn, adj. & (of hunger, &c., or in a horse expecting his
s.m. World-seeing; an epithet of the Deity; corn):jhjh ln, v.n. To get into a rage, to
(met.) the eye; a traveller:jahn-panh, s.m. rage, fume; to dispute, quarrel.
World-protection; protector or asylum of the
world; his majesty; your majesty!:jahn- H jhjh [S. onomat.],
panh salmat, Long live the king! (the cry of
s.f. A cymbal; a hollow tinkling anklet.
the naqb or herald who rides before the
sovereign):jahn-tb, adj. World-inflaming;
heating or warming the world (the sun): H jhjh [S. +, rt. ],
jahn-jahn, adj. Much; many:jahn-dr, s.m. s.m. A perforated ladle, a strainer or slice;a
Possessor or ruler of the world, a king:jahn- kind of worm or caterpillar, cabbage-worm.
dr, s.f. Rule, dominion, government,
empire:jahn-dda, s.m. One who has seen H jhjha (see jhjh), s.f.
the world, a great traveller; an experienced
Wrangling, squabbling, quarrel.
person:jahn-soz, adj. & s.m. World-
inflaming;an incendiary; a fire-brand:
jahn-gard, adj. & s.m. Going round the H jhjhar [S. ], adj.
world;one who goes round the world, a great Perforated, full of holes, riddled; cracked,
traveller:jahn-gr, adj. & s.m. World-taking, broken, leaky;s.f.=jhjhar, jhjh, q.v.
world-subduing;a great conqueror, a
sovereign; name of the son and successor of the H jhnjhan [S. ], s.f. A
Emperor Akbar:jahn-gr, adj. & s.f. Of or
tinkling anklet (=jhjh).
relating to Jahangr; of or relating to a
sovereign, royal, princely;universal sway;a
sort of bracelet:jahn-num, adj. World- H jhjh [S. +], s.f. A
exhibiting (as a lofty tower, &c.). perforated pot or vessel;a kind of play, a
procession of girls at night (in the month Asin)
H , jhp (v.n. from jhpn, carrying on their heads perforated earthen pots
with lamps inside, in honour of Queen Snj; a
q.v.), s.m. A frame of bamboo covered with
kind of song (prob. that sung by the children in
matting (used as a door or screen), a matted
the procession described above).
shutter; an enclosure of bamboo-work for
fowls, &c.

851
H jhjhiy [jhjh, q.v. iy =
H jhkh (cf. jhakh, & jhk),
S. ( +)], adj. Petulant, passionate,
s.m. A stag; an elk; a deer.
wrathful, furious.

H jhk [rt. of jhkn+ = Prk.

H jhj, s.f.=jhjh, q.v.
=S. ], s.f. A peep-show, a show,
H jhs [rt. of jhs-n+Prk. exhibition; a scene (in a play).
=S. +], s.m. Wheedling, flattery,
H jhg s.m.=jhg, q.v.
humbug, hoax, trick, deception; eager desire,
inclination; design;an assessment made by
general estimate (without specific ground); H jhg, s.f. (dialec.)=jh;
jhse-bz, s.m. A wheedler, &c.=jhs, jhka, q.v.
q.v.:jhsa batn, jhs den (-ko), To
wheedle, delude, trick, deceive, &c.=jhsn, H jhw, = H
q.v.:jhse-me n (-ke), To be wheedled, jhw, s.m.=jhm, q.v.
tricked, hoaxed; to be cheated, deceived, &c.
H jhw, = H
H jhsn [jhs = S.
jhw, s.m.=jhm, q.v.
(), rt. with ], v.t. To flatter,
coax, wheedle, hoax, humbug; to delude, H jhwr [S. +], s.f. A
deceive; to corrupt, seduce, debauch;to desire
tinkling anklet (=jhjh).
eagerly, to long for, hanker after, to covet.
H jhwr [S. ++], adj.
H jhas [rt. of jhsn+ = Prk.
(f. -), Dark-coloured, dusky, black.
=S. ()+], s.m. Flatterer, coaxer,
wheedler, humbug; deceiver, cheat; corrupter, H jhwr, s.f.=jhwar.
seducer.
H jhwl, jh`ol [jhw =
S jahnak, jihnak,
s.m. The period of the total destruction of the jhp, rt. of jhpn, q.v.+l = Prk. =S.
world. or +], s.f. A look or glance with partly-
closed eyes, a side look; a wink; an amorous
H jhk (v.n. of jhkn, q.v.), s.f. glance, ogling, coquetry:jhwl-bz, s.f. An
Peeping, spying; a peep:jhk--jhk, ogler, a coquette:jhwl den (-ko), To wink
jhk-jhok, s.f. Peeping, bo-peep:jhk (at), cast amorous glances (at), to ogls.
mrn, v.n. To peep, &c.=jhkn, q.v. H jhwl, jh`ol, s.f. Hot
wind.
H jhk (i.q. jhok; jok; see
jhokn, 'to throw'), s.m. A herd (of deer); a H jh`, s.f.=jh`, q.v.
flock (of birds); a cloud or host (of locusts), &c.
P jahn (fr. jahn), adj. & s.m. Relating to
H jhka [jhk, q.v.+ar = Prk. the world; worldly;a person of this world, a
=S. +], s.m. Bush, bramble, human being.
underwood. P jahniy, s.m. pl. (of jahn), Mortals,
creatures, worldly people.
H jhkn [jhk = Prk.
(), fr. S. ], v.n. To peep (into, H jh`, jhau [S. ], s.m. A
-me, or at), to spy, to look (through a hole or tree of the Tamarisk kind, Tamarix gallica, or
opening); to put (one's) head out (of a door or T. Indica (called, in P., gaz, or shora-gaz, from
window); to inspect, to examine narrowly its growing in marshy or sandy ground: it is
(into); to look (in for a short time), to pay a much used for thatching, making baskets,
flying visit (to one).

852
hedging, and as fuel);name of a plant (that H jhupp, s.m.=jhp; jhop, q.v.
grows wild, and is used to adulterate chiretta).
H jhapt, = H jhap,
H jhwar, s.f.=jhba, q.v.
s.f. Quickness, &c.=jhapk, q.v.

H jhwl, s.f.=jhbl, jhb, q.v.

H jhap, = H jhapt,
s.f. Quickness, &c.=jhapk, q.v.
S jhwu, s.m.=jh`, q.v.
H jhap, s.m.=jhap; jhapk;
H jh` [S. ; or +], and jhapa, qq.v.
s.f. Shadow; reflection; a dusky oolour; a dark
spot in a looking-glass (where the quick-silver H jhaps [jhap+Prk.
has worn away); a freckle, a black spot on the
face (not a mole):jh`-jhapp, s.m. =S.], s.f. A sharp shower; driving rain
Trickery, deception:jh`-m`, s.f. A (see jhas).
children's game (in which they go round in a
circle and make a noise like the cawing of H jhapsiy, adj. Sharp,
crows). astute, deceitful, fraudulent.

H jhabb [S. +, rt. ], s.m. H jhapk, s.f. = H

A tuft; a tassel; a pendant;adj.=jhabbe-dr,
Tufted; having a tassel; (in Bot.) fasciculate. jhapk, s.m. [jhap, q.v.+Prk. or , and
, &c.; S. + and +], Quickness,
H jhabr [the preceding+S. +], speed, rapidity, celerity, haste; activity,
adj. (f. -), Having long hair (an animal), hairy, agility;jhapk, adj. Quick, &c.:jhapk-se,
shaggy. jhapke-se, adv. Quickly, with all speed,
rapidly, post-haste, in a trice.
H jhabk, s.m.=jhabb; jhumk,
qq.v.:jhabke-k bl, s.m. An ear-ring having H jhapk, s.m. = H
a cluster of pearls (or other jewels) as a jhapk, s.f. [jhap, q.v.+Prk. or , and
pendant.
, &c.; S. + and +], Quickness,
speed, rapidity, celerity, haste; activity,
H jhabkn (see jhapkn, and
agility;jhapk, adj. Quick, &c.:jhapk-se,
jhamkn), v.t. To dazzle; to astonish. jhapke-se, adv. Quickly, with all speed,
rapidly, post-haste, in a trice.
H jhabbu`, jhab`
[jhabb, q.v.+Prk. =S. +], adj. (f. -) & H jhappn, s.m. A kind of sedan
s.m.=jhabb, q.v.;long-haired, &c.=jhabr, chair (used in the hills), a 'jompon.'
q.v.;bent, curved, bending (as the bough of a
tree). H jhapn (fr. jhpn, 'to close'),
v.n. To close the eyes, to take a nap, to doze.
H jhabb (dim. of jhabb), s.f. An
ornament with a tuft or tassel, trappings. H jhapa, s.f. Spring, bound, leap
(as of a tiger); jerk, snatch, snap; flap, whisk;
H jhabiy, s.m. A kind of rush, dash, pounce, onset, onslaught, assault; a
ornament (cf. jhabb; jhabk). round (in a fight); &c. (see next).

H jhap [Prk. ; S. ], s.m. H jhapa, s.m. Spring; rush, &c.

Spring; dart; jerk;quickness, rapidity;adj.
Quick; brisk;adv. Quickly, in a trice:jhap-
jhap, jhap--jhap, jhap-se, adv.=jhap:jap--
jhap, s.f. Haste, hurry:jhap khn, v.n. To
overset (as a paper kite in flying).
(=jhapa, q.v.);a sustained effort or act; a
spurt or go; a stretch:clash (as of swords);
swoop, stoop (as of a bird of prey); desolating
sweep (as of an epidemic); vehemence,
violence, fury (as of fever, wind, rain, or fire);
gust (of wind): shock, collision; influence, blast

853
(of an evil spirit):jhapa mrn (-par), To
pounce (upon), make a dash or rush (at), to H jhapen, v.n.=jhapan, q.v.
swoop down (upon); to snatch (at), &c., see
jhapan:jhapae-me n (-ke), To fall into P jihat (for A. , from ), s.f. Side,
the clutches (of); to come under the influence face, surface; form, fashion, manner, mode;
(of), be blasted (by an evil spirit), to be cause, account, reason, regard:is jihat-se, For
possessed, be bewitched, &c. this reason, because of this, in consequence of
this.
H jhapn (caus. of jhapan),
v.t. To cause to run or go quickly, to despatch H jha [S. , perhaps for ; cf.
with all speed.
+], s.m. Quickness, celerity;adj.
H jhapan, v.n. To go quickly, Quick, brisk;adv. Quickly, speedily,
instantly, at once (cf. jhap):jha-pa, jha-se,
run with all speed; to run or fly (at, -par), to
adv.=jha.
dash (at), to make a sudden attack (on); to
spring, pounce, or swoop down (upon); to
snatch or snap (at):jhapa-len, v.t. To seize H jhu, adj. & s.m. False, &c.=jh,
and carry off; to spring or pounce upon; to jhh, q.v.:jhu-pu, s.m. Twilight, dawn;
snatch or snap up. dusk:jhu-mu, adv.=jhn-mh, q.v.

H jhapak (v.n. of jhapakn, q.v.), H jhu, adj. & s.m.=jhh, q.v.

s.f.m.(?) Moving to and fro (a fan, &c.),
fanning; swaying, swinging, waving; winking, H jhas [jha, q.v.+Prk. =S.
blinking, wink, blink; nod; a blast, gust (of
wind). ], s.f. Squall, driving rain; gust; shock; clap,
flap.
H jhapk, s.m.=jhak; jhapk;
jhok, qq.v. H jhuln = H
jhun (denom. fr. jh, q.v.; l or l = caus.
H jhapkn, v.n.=jhapakn, affix), v.t. To pollute victuals by touching or
tasting; to touch or taste (food); to leave
q.v.
(remains of food);jhuln, v.t. To assert
falsely, to falsify, to belie; to prove (a
H jhapakn [jhapak = Prk. statement, &c.) to be false, to disprove; to prove
() or (), fr. S. + ], v.t. To (one) to be in the wrong; to give (one) the lie
move to and fro (a fan, &c.), to swing, wave; to (=jh karn):muh jhuln, v.n. To taste
fan (=jhaln); to throw on;v.n. To lower or food, to eat something:muh--muh
drop (the eye-lids, through drowsiness, fear, or jhuln, To give (one) the lie to his face.
shame); to close (the eyes), to nap, doze; to be
or feel ashamed or afraid (of, -se); to wink, to H jhun = H
blink, to twinkle;to pounce (upon, -par), jhuln (denom. fr. jh, q.v.; l or l = caus.
spring (at or upon); to snatch or snap (at). affix), v.t. To pollute victuals by touching or
tasting; to touch or taste (food); to leave
H jhapk [jhapak+Prk. =S. (remains of food);jhuln, v.t. To assert
], s.f. A spring (as of a tiger); a snatch, falsely, to falsify, to belie; to prove (a
statement, &c.) to be false, to disprove; to prove
snap; drowsiness, nodding, a nap or doze; a (one) to be in the wrong; to give (one) the lie
wink, blink, twinkle:jhapk len, v.n. To take
(=jh karn):muh jhuln, v.n. To taste
a nap, to doze.
food, to eat something:muh--muh
jhuln, To give (one) the lie to his face.
H jhapln [jhap = S. -,
rt. , cf. hap], v.t. To wash, to rinse. S jhaiti, and H. jhait,
jhaati, adv. See jha.
H jhapet, s.f.=jhapa, and jhapa,
q.v.:jhape-me n (-ke) = jhapae-me
n.

854
H jhaak (v.n. fr. jhaakn, q.v.), H jhuail [S. or +],
s.f. A jerk, wrench, shake; a toss, throw; a adj. & s.m.f. Left, rejected, stale;a stale thing;
twitch, stitch (see next). a cast-off woman; leavings, &c. (=jh).

H jhak [the preceding+Prk. H jhajjar, s.m.=jhajjhar, q.v.

=S. +], s.m. A jerk, pull, wrench,
shake; a twitch, a stitch; a gust (of wind): H jhajr, s.f.=jhajhr, q.v.
jhak den, v.t. To jerk, to pull with a jerk; to
jolt, shake. H jhijak, s.f.=jhijhak, q.v.

H jhak, part. (of jhaakn),

H jhijkn, = H
Broken asunder, torn by a sudden jerk, torn to
pieces; slaughtered by having the head cut off jhijakn, v.n.=jhijhakn, q.v.
(in the Hind way);s.m. An animal so
slaughtered (for sacrifice, &c., the only meat H jhijakn, = H
lawful for Hindus to eat).
jhijkn, v.n.=jhijhakn, q.v.
H jhakn (caus. of jhaakn),
To shake, to pull, &c. H jhijn, v.n.=jhjhn; hjn;
qq.v.
H jhaakn [jhaak = Prk.
H jhajh, s.m. A long beard.
() or (), fr. S. + ], v.t. To
pull with a jerk, to jerk, touse, twitch; to snatch,
snap, wrench; toshake (a cloth, &c.);v.n. To H jhajjh, jhajh [S.
be shaken, pulled down (as by sickness), to fall ], s.f. A violent gust with rain, a squall,
off (in flesh), to become lean or thin:jhaak- &c.; see jhanjh.
jn, v.n.=jhaakn:jhaak-len, v.t. To
snatch or jerk away:jhake-k ml, s.m. H jhajjhar [S. +; cf.
Plunder, booty.
jhajhr], A large porous water-jar; a porous
goglet (=jhanjhar).
H jhual (fr. jh 'falsehood,'
&c.), adv. In pretence, in fun or sport; for love H jhajhark, s.m.=jhajhalk,
(opp. to 'for money').
q.v.
H jhuln, = H
H jhijharn [jhijhar = S.
jhuhln, = H
+, or +], v.n. To be angry, to be
jhuhln, v.t.=jhuln, q.v.
petulant or snappish, to be peevish or fretful.
H jhuhln, = H
H jhajhr [S. ], adj.
jhuln, = H Perforated, full of holes, riddled; porous;
jhuhln, v.t.=jhuln, q.v. reticulated; grated; latticed, trellised;s.f. (S.
jarjark), A porous goglet; a grating; a lattice, a
H jhuhln, = H screen (=jhanjhr).
jhuln, = H
H jhijhak [prob. by redupl. fr. S.
jhuhln, v.t.=jhuln, q.v.
; cf. the forms jhajhakn, jhiak, jhiakn],
S jhai, s.m. A small tree, a shrub, s.f. A start (through astonishment, surprise, or
fear), recoil; astonishment, amazement;
bush (see jh).
timidity; shyness.

H jhaiyn, s.m. Name of a H jhijhkr [jhijhak, q.v.+S.

small clan of Rjpts in the upper Doab.
+], adj. (f. -), & s.m. Starting; timid;

855
shy, retiring, reserved;a timid person, a H jhar [S. ], s.f. The heat (from a
boggler.
fire).

H jhajhkrn,
H jhar, s.m. The sound produced in
jhijhkrn, v.t. To cause to start, to startle; to
tearing cloth; a tatter, a shred:jhar-jhar kar-
speak snappishly to, to browbeat.
ln, v.t. To tear to shreds or ribands.
H jhijhkn, v.n. To start,
H jhur (perf. part. of jhurn), part.
&c.=jhijhakn, q.v.
adj. (f. -), Withered, faded away.
H jhijhakn,
H jharr, s.m. (dialec.)=jharn, q.v.
jhajhakn (see jhijhak), v.n. To be startled; to
start, shrink, wince, recoil; to boggle; to be
timid; to be shy, retiring, or reserved;to feel H jharr, s.m. The sound
the sensation of the limbs being asleep or produced by the tearing of cloth (=jhar).
benumbed:jhijhak-uhn, v.n.=jhijhakn:
jhijhakne-wl, adj. & s.m. Starting, easily H jhar-barn [i.e. jal-baln, by
startled, timid; shy, retiring, reserved;one
who starts, &c.; a boggler. redupl. fr. S. ), v.n. To burn furiously, to
be all in flames, to be entirely burnt.
H jhajhl [S. +], s.m. lit.
'Having openings or interstices'; a kind of H jhar-ber, s.m.=jha-ber, q.v.
sweetmeat.
H jhar-ber, s.f.=jha-ber, q.v.
H jhujhln, v.n.=jhujhln,
q.v. H jharapn, v.n.=jhaapn, q.v.

H jhajhalk [S. +; S jhar-jhar, s.m.=jhajjhar, q.v.

by redupl. fr. rt. ], s.m. Break of day, early
dawn.
H jhijhn, v.n.=jhijharn,
q.v.;adj.=jhajhan, q.v.
P jhiak, s.f.=jhijhak, q.v.
H jhiakn, v.n.=jhijhakn,
q.v.
A jahd, vulg. jahad, jihad, s.m. Labour, toil,
exertion, effort, endeavour, struggle,
painstaking, care, diligence, assiduity,
earnestness:jahd karn, v.n. To strive, to use
effort, to endeavour, &c.
H jhir-jhir [S. , prob. fr.
], adj. Running in a slender stream (water,
&c.), trickling; splashing.
H jhirjhir [S. +],
adj. (f. -), Worn, thin, emaciated; thin, flimsy,
badly woven (cloth).
H jhirjhirn [jhirjhir,
q.v.+ = w = Prk. or =S. (caus.
augment)+n = Prk. =S. ], v.n. To
run or flow in a small stream, to trickle.
H jhurjhur [S.

H jhu, adj. & s.m. Unoccupied, redupl.+], s.f. The shivering or ague that
idle;one who wastes time, an idler, a trifler. precedes fever, incipient fever.

A jahr, s.m. Speaking or reciting with a H jhurka [S. + ], adj. Cut

loud voice, speaking audibly;jahr or jihar, small or thin, pared; lopped (as a branch);
s.m. A female oblation. emaciated, reduced (in body);a bundle of
small twigs (=jhunka).
H jhar, s.f.=jha, q.v.

856
H jhurma (see jhmak), s.m. A lock:jha--jha, adv. In showers; heavily,
dense mass, a crowd, multitude, large gathering incessantly, continuously (raining):jha-
or muster, assembly, ball; array (of troops), bats, s.f. A storm of wind and rain, a squall.
manuvres (of troops); battle, conflict; a shawl
twisted round the head as a turban. H jhu [S. ], s.m. A bush,
bramble (=jh).
H jharn, jhirn [jhar = S.
] , v.n. To flow or run in a slender stream, to H jha (see jha), adv. Making a
trickle; to fall in drops, to drop; to ooze; to be clean sweep, wholly, altogether.
shaken (as a cloth, &c.); to be winnowed, be
sifted;jharn, s.m. A spring, a cascade, a jet H jhat, s.m.=jhaot, q.v.
d`eau; a kind of sieve; a perforated skimmer.
H jhak = H
H jharn, v.n.= jhan, q.v.
jhak [S. +, or ], s.m. Quickness,
speed, haste, hurry:jhake-se, adv. With all
H jhurn [jhur = S. (), rt.
speed, quickly, post-haste, &c.
; or S. (), rt. ] , v.n. To waste away,
to grow thin; to pine (from grief), to wither, H jhak = H
fade.
jhak [S. +, or ], s.m. Quickness,
speed, haste, hurry:jhake-se, adv. With all
H jharuw, jharu`, s.m. A
speed, quickly, post-haste, &c.
kind of nutritious grass (the grain resembling
that of shm or Panicum frumentaceum, of
H jhakh, s.m.=jharokh, q.v.
which it is considered to be a wild species).

H jharok, jhark, H jha, adv.=jha, q.v.

s.m.=jharokh, q.v.
H jhan (caus. of jhn), v.t.
H jharokh [S. ++], To cause to be swept, to get (a place) swept; to
s.m. Loop-hole, eyelet-hole, lattice, window, get (a cloth, &c.) shaken or dusted; to cause to
casement, skylight; open door or arch (of a be exorcised.
summer-house).
H jha-barn, v.n.=jhar-
H jhar (see jharn), s.f. A waterfall, barn; and la-ban, qq.v.
cascade.
H jha-barn, v.n.=jhar-barn,
H jhir [S. +], s.f. Opening, q.v.
fissure, cleft, crevice, slit, crack, chink;a
small spring dug in a nl (where the water H jha-ber [S. +], s.m.
percolates a few feet below the surface); The fruit of the wild jujube tree or Zizyphus
blight; withered or blighted grain. jujuba (see next).

H jhir, s.f.=jhill, q.v. H jha-ber [S. ++

H jhurr, jhur (see jhurn), s.f. A wild ber or jujube bush, Zizyphus jujuba; the
A wrinkle, fold, pucker. wild lote-tree.

H jhuriyn [fr. S. ] , v.t. To H jha-bel, s.m.=jha-ber, q.v.

weed;to wipe, clean and plaster (a house).
H jhaap [S. , or +],
H jha [S. , or rt. of jhan], s.f. A s.f. Heat, fieriness, pungency (as of pepper,
falling, fall (of leaves, &c., e.g. pat-jha); a &c.); flame, blaze; acrimony; contention,
shower, downpour, heavy or continuous rain sparring, fight, cock-fight, bird-fight;being
(=jha); a volley;the tongue or bolt of a possessed of a devil:jhap--jhap, s.f.

857
Contention, sparring, fighting (particularly of den, v.t To shake or jerk off; to drive away,
birds). beat off, &c.

H jhuap,
jhuup [S. H jhiakwn (double caus.
+; cf. S. ], s.f. (dialec.), A thorny of jhiakn), v.t. To cause to be scolded, to have
shrub, a bush; bushy place, thicket. (one) chid, &c.

H jhapn (caus. of jhaapn), H jhik, jhak, s.f. Jerk;

v.t. To make (cocks or other birds) fight; to repercussion; snapping; snappishness;
cause to spar or fight, to set by the ears; to take frowning; threat; scolding, rebuke:jhik
possession of, to blast (as an evil spirit). den, jhikiy den, v.t. To snap at, to chide,
scold, rebuke, threaten.
H jhapy, perf. part. of
H jhaan (see next), s.f. The falling
jhapn, q.v.:jhapy jn, v.n. To be set a-
fighting; to be set by the ears; to be possessed, off (of fruit from a tree, or of the hair of a man
be under the influence (of an evil spirit). or animal, or of the feathers of a bird); a shower
(of fruit, &c.); shavings, parings, sweepings,
rubbish; small profits or savings; pickings,
H jhaapn (see jhaap), v.n. To perquisites; snuff (of a candle).
spar, to fight (as cocks, &c.), to contend.
H jhan [jha = Prk. () for
H jhat, s.f. [jha (n)+t = Prk.
()=S. (), rt. ], v.n. To drop, fall,
=S. ( caus. augment+aff. fall off (as fruit from a tree, hair from an
+)], Searching, &c.=jh, q.v.:jhat animal, &c.); to be shed; to be poured; to be
len (-k) = jh len. discharged (as a volley, or semen, &c.); to be
shaken (as a cloth, &c.); to be winnowed, be
sifted; to shake; to be sounded or played (as the
H jhajha (v.n. fr.
naubat); to remain over, to be saved:jha-
jharjhan; = ha), s.f. Shaking (of a tree, jn, v.n. (intens.) To fall off, to drop off, to
&c.), flapping (of wings). wither, to fade.

H jhijhit (v.n. fr. H jhan (fr. the trans. jhn,

jhijhirn), s.f. Chiding, scolding; petulance, q.v.), v.n. To be swept, be swept off, be swept
snappishness; rage, bluster. clean; to be beaten or dusted (as clothes,
carpets, &c.).
H jhajhan [S.
redupl.; cf. jhan], v.t. To shake, jerk, flap. H jhan (i.q. jharn), adj. Falling
off; (in Bot.) deciduous.
H jhijhin (a var. form
of the preceding), v.n. To rage, rail, storm, H jhawn (doub. caus. of
bluster. jhn), v.t. To cause to be shaken or dusted, to
cause to be beaten; to have (a place) swept, &c.
H jhiak [S. +; but cf. jhaak,
jhatk], s.f. A pull, jerk; a threat; an augury: H jhaot = H
jhik--jhik-, jhark--jhak-, s.f. Mutual jhao [rt. of jhan+Prk. or =S.
pulling and jerking; mutual wrangling.
+ or +], s.m. The end of the season
H jhikn, v.t.=jhiakn, (of fruit, &c.);adj. Going out of season.
q.v.; and=jhiakwn, q.v.
H jhao = H
H jhiakn, jhaakn jhaot [rt. of jhan+Prk. or =S.
(see jhiak), v.t. To shake, jerk; to drive away, + or +], s.m. The end of the season
beat off, put aside or away; to snap at, to scold, (of fruit, &c.);adj. Going out of season.
rebuke, chide, threaten, browbeat:jhiak-

858
H jha [rt. of jhan+Prk. =S. curve; irregular line; (in Mech.) flexibility:
], s.f. Continued rain, showers; pickings,
perquisites:jha lagn, v.n. To rain
continually.
S jhash, s.m. A fish; the sign
Pisces:jhash-ket, s.m. The sign Pisces;
name of Kmdev, the god of love.
H jhak (v.n. of jhakn, q.v.), s.f.
Babble, incoherent speech, foolish talking or
acting, nonsense; muttering, murmuring; tall
talk, boasting; raving, delirium; passion,
emotion; wrangling, contending, contention:
effluvium, rank or offensive odour:jhak-jhak,
jhik-jhik, s.f. Wrangling, altercation, dispute:
jhak-jhor, s.m., jhak-jhor, s.f. Wrangling,
contention, mutual pulling and tugging (either
in play or in earnest); scramble; altercation;
sky-larking; mutual dalliance:jhak-jhol, adj.
Troubled, disturbed, turbid (as water);
s.m.=jhak-jhor, q.v.:jhak mrn, v.n. To talk
incoherently, to babble or prate (as an insane
person, or a drunken man), to rave; to talk or act
foolishly; to talk largely, to boast; to pull a long
bow:jhak-marg, s.f. The being affected with
jhak, the talking or acting foolishly, &c.
jhuk`o-khet, s.m. (Mech.) An inclined
plane:jhuk`o-laak, s.f. (Physics) Elasticity
of flexure.
H jhukwa [the
preceding+Prk. =S. +], s.f. Bending
downwards, stooping; nodding; the state of
being bent downward; bend; inclination.
H jhakwant [jhak, fr. jhak,
q.v.+Prk. =S. ], adj. Wrathful,
passionate, furious.
H jhukt (imperf. part. of jhukn),
part. adj. (f. -), Bending, stooping, &c. (see
jhukn):jhukt-jhmt, adj. & adv.
Crouching and dodging (to escape observation,
&c.).
H jhik-jhik (see jhak and
jhkn), s.f. Fretting, whining, whimpering:
jhik-jhik karn, v.n. To fret, &c.=jhkhn, q.v.
H jhakjhakn (by redupl.
fr. jhak, q.v.), v.n. To talk incoherently, to prate
nonsense, &c.=jhak mrn, and jhakn, q.v.

H jhak [prob. S. ], adj. Bright,

shining; clear, clean, white:jhak--jhak, adj.
Bright, shining, glittering (with gold and silver,
&c., as brocade):jhak kar-den, v.t. To
brighten, to polish, to make clean, to clean out
(a platter).
H jhuk (perf. part. of jhukn, q.v.),
adj. (f. -), Bent, stooping, inclined; (in Bot.)
decumbent:jhuk-hu`, adj. (f. -), Bent;
bending down; drooping:jhuk sikhar, s.f. (in
Math.) An ellipse.
H jhakr, s.m. A large earthen
vessel.
H jhakr (dim. of jhakr), s.f. An
earthen vessel (for holding milk, &c.); a
milkpail.
H jhakka [S. ], s.m. A
sudden blast, a squall, gale, storm, tempest,
hurricane;adj. Stubborn, perverse, mulish:
jhakka aln, v.n. A storm to rage, &c.

H jhakn, v.t.=jhakn, q.v. H jhak [jhak, q.v.+ = Prk.

H jhukn [caus. of jhukn; rigmarole, a silly story.
jhuk+ = w = Prk. =S. ;+n = Prk.
=S. ], v.t. To cause to stoop, to
bend downwards, to tilt; to cause to nod; to
incline (the head), to nod, bow; to abash; to
lower (as a gun, in order to take aim); to put
into a scale, to weigh; to speak (at), direct
speech at, -par):jhuk-den, v.t.=jhukn.
=S. +], s.m. Foolish prattle, nonsense; a
H jhak, s.f.=jhakr, q.v.
H jhakn [jhak = Prk. ()=S.
(), rt. ], v.n. To babble, chatter,
prate, talk nonsense, to rave; to lament; to rail
(see jhak mrn).

H jhuk`o [jhuk(n)+`o or w = H jhakn, v.t. (dialec.)=hkn,

Prk. = S. ()], s.m. The state of q.v.
being bent downward; stoop; bend, inclination;

859
H jhukn [jhuk = Prk. (),
H jhakhan (see next), s.f.
fr. S. (acc. sing. n. )+ ], v.n. To be
Chattering, talking nonsense; raving; lamenting,
bent down (as the bough of a tree), to bend,
bewailing.
stoop, lean, incline; to be tilted; to
preponderate, to dip (as a scale, or the arm of a
balance); to bow, to nod; to crouch; to be prone H jhakhn, v.n. To chatter,
(to, -me), be ready (for); to hang down, to &c.=jhakn, q.v.
drop (as the eyes); to be abashed; to stoop (to, -
se), pay homage (to), humble oneself (before); H jhak [jhak, q.v.+Prk. =S.
to submit, to yield; to be angry; to be perplexed;
to be spent, be thrown away (in or on, -me): ( +)], adj. Wrathful, passionate,
jhuk-pan, jhuk-jn, v.n. intensives of violent.
and=jhukn.
H jhakk = H
H jhukn, s.f. Affliction, jhakiy (see jhak), s.m. A chatterer, prater,
suffering, grief, sorrow. mutterer, one who talks to himself, &c. (see
jhak; and bakws).
H jhakor (v.n. of jhakorn), s.f. A
H jhakiy = H
shaking (as by sickness, &c.); a shock; loss,
misfortune (see jhakor):jhakor pn (-se), jhakk (see jhak), s.m. A chatterer, prater,
To be shaken (by); to receive a shock; to meet mutterer, one who talks to himself, &c. (see
with loss. jhak; and bakws).

H jhakor, jhikor H jhag, s.m.=jhag, q.v.; cf. also

jhagul.
[jhakor+Prk. =S. +], s.m. Waving,
shaking, agitation (of a tree, &c., by the wind):
H jhagn (from jhg, 'foam'),
gust, blast (of wind), current (of air); a squall, a
heavy shower, driving rain; a large wave; a v.n. To foam, to froth.
shove, push, impulse, drive.
H jhag, s.m. (dialec.)=jhag,
H jhakorn [jhakor = S. q.v.
+], v.t. To shake, to put in motion; to
H jhaga, s.m. A species of hawk
drive or beat (as wind or rain); cf. jhakoln.
or falcon.
H jhakornau, v.t.
H jhag (v.n. fr. jhagan), s.m.
(Braj)=jhakorn, q.v.
Wrangling, quarrelling; contention, strife,
H jhakol, s.f. = H dispute, quarrel, squabble, brawl:jhag
uhn, To raise a quarrel, to set a-wrangling,
jhakol, s.m. A shaking, agitation; a shock,
&c.=jhag karn:jhag pakan (-k), To
&c.=jhakor and jhakor; splashing, a splash or
engage or interfere in a quarrel (of others):
dip (in water); a large wave (=jhakor):
jhag-jhag, s.f. Mutual wrangling or
jhakol den (-ko), To shake, agitate, &c.
(=jhakoln, q.v.). quarrelling:jhag-rag, s.m. Wrangling and
squabbling, squabble, brawl (=jhag):jhag
karn (-me), To cause a quarrel (between), to
H jhakol, s.m. = H
set a-wrangling, to set by the ears:jhag
jhakol, s.f. A shaking, agitation; a karn, To quarrel, wrangle, squabble
shock, &c.=jhakor and jhakor; splashing, a (=jhagan).
splash or dip (in water); a large wave
(=jhakor):jhakol den (-ko), To shake, H jhaglin, adj. fem. of
agitate, &c. (=jhakoln, q.v.). next, q.v.;s.f. A quarrelsome or contentious
woman.
H jhakoln, v.t. To shake, put
in motion, &c. (=jhakorn); to dash or knock
about (in water); to splash.

860
H jhagl [jhag, q.v.+S. aff. A juhal, s.m. pl. (of jhil), Ignorant
people, the ignorant.
+], adj. & s.m. Quarrelsome, wrangling,
disputatious, contentious, litigious;a disputer, H jhall (from jhaln), s.m. A large
an arguer; a contentious or quarrelsome person,
basket.
a brawler.

H jhall, s.m.=jall, q.v.;a

H jhagn (caus. of jhagan),
shower:jhall-mr, s.m.=jall-mr, q.v.s.v.
v.t. To cause to quarrel, to set a-wrangling, to
jall:jhalle-palle, s.m. pl. Showers.
set by the ears, to get up a fight
(between=jhag karn).
H jhall [S. +; but cf. jhl],
H jhag` [jhag(n)+` = adj. (f. -), Hot, pungent (=jhl); fiery,
passionate, hot-tempered; lustful, libidinous.
Prk. =S. ()+], adj. Quarrelsome,
&c.=jhagl, q.v. H jhull (see jhl and ol), s.m. A
shirt or frock that covers the body from the
H jhagan, v.n. To wrangle, shoulders downward (syn. jhang).
dispute, contend, quarrel, squabble; to argue; to
cavil. H jhalbor, = H
jhaljhal, adj. & s.f. See s.v. jhal.
H jhaga, jhag, adj. & s.m.
(dialec.)=jhagl, q.v.
H jhaljhal, = H
H jhagul, jhagl, s.m. = jhalbor, adj. & s.f. See s.v. jhal.
H jhaguliy, s.f. [jhaga =
H jhalr [S. +], s.m. A
jhag, q.v.+Prk. and =S.
brake, thicket, copse, underwood, brushwood.
+ and ], A child's frock or coat
(reaching to the feet); a child's angarkh. H jhulr [S. +, see
jhln], s.m. Swinging, waving, swaying from
H jhaguliy, s.f. = H side to side; wavy motion (as of trees, water,
jhagul, jhagl, s.m. [jhaga = &c.), oscillation.

jhag, q.v.+Prk. and =S.

H jhaln (caus. of jhaln), v.t.
+ and ], A child's frock or coat To mend, repair (by soldering), to solder,
(reaching to the feet); a child's angarkh. cement.

A jahl (inf. n. of ' to be ignorant'), s.m. H jhalln (see jhal), v.n. To

Ignorance, foolishness, silliness;foolish or
burn, to smart, to tingle; to become angry or
senseless disputation, a war of words.
enraged, to fly into a passion.

H jhal [S. ], s.f. Warmth, heat

H jhuln (caus. of jhln), v.t.
(from a fire); radiance; glare;strong emotion;
To cause to swing or sway; to swing, to push a
ardency; passion, anger; jealousy:jhal
swing (in which others are), to give (one) a
bujhn, or jhal min, To cool (one's) ardour swing; to rock (a cradle); to make (one, as a
or passion, &c.; to satisfy a longing:jhal-jhal, dun) dance after one; to dangle, hang:jhul-
s.m. Radiance, glare, glitter, brilliance, rakhn, v.t. To keep one runningto and fro; to
splendour:jhal--bor = jhal--jhal, adj. & s.f.
keep one (at, -me, a thing, as reading, &c.).
Radiant, brilliant, shining, splendid, covered
with jewels and ornaments;radiance,
&c.=jhal-jhal. H jhalh [jhalla+S. +],
adj. Hot, burning, &c. (=jhall, q.v.);
H jhil, s.f.=jhl, q.v. distrustful, suspicious, jealous (=jhalhy, q.v.).

861
H jhaljhal [S. redupl.], H jhalk [S. +], s.m. A
s.m. Radiance, glare, glitter, brilliance, blister (cf. hilk).
splendour.
S jhillik, s.f. A cricket
H jhaljhal [jhaljhal+Prk. (=jhill).
=S. +], adj. (f. -), Bright, glittering,
radiant, brilliant, splendid. H jhalkr [jhalak+r = Prk.
=S. +], s.m. Light, brightness,
H jhaljhal, &c.=jhalak, q.v.
s.f.=jhaljhalha, q.v.
H jhalkn (caus. of jhalakn),
H jhaljhaln [jhaljhal+ v.t. To cause to shine or sparkle, &c.; to
= w = Prk. =S. caus. augment], v.n. brighten, polish, burnish; to flash.
To shine, glare, glitter, sparkle; to burn, smart,
tingle; to throb, beat; to become angry, be H jhulkn [S. + ; cf.
enraged, to fly into a passion. next], v.t. To burn, to scorch, to singe
(=jhulasn).
H jhaljhalha
[jhaljhal(n)+ha = wa = Prk. H jhalakn [jhalak = Prk.
+ =S. ()++], Glittering, (), or (); fr. S. (for
sparkling; glitter, &c.=jhal-jhal, q.v.;burn, )+ ], v n. To shine, glare, glitter, glisten,
smart. sparkle, flash.

H jhallar (fr. jal), s.m. (prov.), A H jhalakn, v.n. To spurt, to

water-wheel, a Persian wheel (syn. raha). spurt out, &c.=halakn.

H jhilla, s.m. (prov.), A band, H jhalk [jhalak, q.v.+Prk.

company, troop; a flock, herd.
=S. ], s.f. A flash; a glance.
H jhuls (perf. part. of jhulasn),
H jhilg [Prk. ; S.
part. adj. (f. -), Scorched, singed, charred,
seared, branded. ++], adj. (f. -), Old, worn, worn out,
loose, ragged, in pieces or shreds;s.m. A
H jhulsn (caus. of jhulasn), rp` or bed the string or tape of which is
v.t. To cause to singe; to have singed;to loose and broken (cf. jhilang).
scorch, to singe, to sear, to brand.
H jhilam, s.f. Armour, coat of mail;
H jhulasn [jhulas = S. the visor of a helmet.
(), rt. ], v.n. To be burnt, be
H jhulma, s.m.=jhurma, q.v.
scorched, be singed, be charred, be parched, be
seared, be branded (=bhulasn);v.t. To
scorch, singe, &c.; (met.) to blacken (the face), H jhilmil [S. + ], s.m.
to disgrace (by getting one to accept a bribe, Sparkling, flashing (of water, &c. in the sun or
&c.):jhulas-jn, v.n. intens. of, light); twinkling, twinkle (of a star, &c.),
and=jhulasn:jhulas-den, v.t. To scorch, scintillation; flicker;a venetian blind, a
burn, singe, &c.=jhulsn. shutter (=jhilmil); a kind of gauze:jhilmil
hon, v.n. To sparkle, flash, &c.; see jhilmiln.
H jhalak (v.n. of jhalakn, q.v.),
s.f. Brightness, radiance, glare, glitter, sparkle, H jhilmil [jhilmil+Prk.
lustre, splendour, refulgence, reflection (of =S. +], adj. (f. -), Sparkling, flashing;
light).
gauze-like, thin, fine.

862
H jhilmiln [jhilmil,
H jholwn (caus. of jhln),
q.v.+ = w = Prk. =S. (caus.
v.t. To cause to be soldered or cemented, to get
augment)+n = Prk. =S. ], v.n. To (a thing) soldered or repaired.
sparkle, to flash (as water &c. in the sun); to
twinkle, to scintillate; to undulate as the flame H jhalw` [jhalw(n)+Prk.
of a candle, or water), to flicker.
=S. ()++], s.f. The
price paid for soldering.
H jhilmil [jhilmil+ = Prk.
H jhalor, s.m.=jhulr, q.v.
=S. ], s.f. A venetian blind, a shutter;
a kind of gauze (=jhilmil).
H jhalhy (see jhalh), adj. &
H jhaln [jhal = S. (), rt. s.m. (f. -), Burnt; hot, burning (with),
consumed (by passion, lust, or jealousy, &c.);
; cf. jhtn], v.t. To move (a fan, &c.) to lustful; jealous, suspicious;a lustful man; a
and fro, to fan, to flap, to swing or wave. jealous man.

H jhaln (fr. the trans. jhln, q.v.), A jahl (rel. n. fr. jahl), adj. & s.m.
v.n. To be repaired or soldered, be cemented.
H jhiln (fr. the trans. jheln,
q.v.), v.n. To be undergone or experienced, be
endured or borne; to be digested.
H jhuln, v.n.=jhln, q.v.
Ignorant; foolish; passionate; lazy;
argumentative, disputatious;an ignoramus; a
disputatious person; a driveller.
H jhall (dim. of jhl or jhall), s.f.
A large basket.
H jhill [Prk. & S. ; prob.

H jhilang = H fr. Prk. =S. ; cf. jhilg, jhilang], s.f. A

thin skin, a pellicle, the inner skin (of the
jhilang [Prk. =S. +, and +], stomach, &c.), a membrane, the omentum or
adj. Worn, thin, emaciated, lean; loose, ragged caul; the inner bark (of a tree); parchment.
(cf. jhilg); thin, fine (as cloth);jhilag,
s.m.=jhilg, q.v. S jhill, s.f. A cricket.

H jhilang = H
H jhull (dim. of jhol), s.f. A
jhilang [Prk. =S. +, and +], wrinkle, fold, plait (in cloth), a crease.
adj. Worn, thin, emaciated, lean; loose, ragged
(cf. jhilg); thin, fine (as cloth);jhilag, H jhaliyh, adj. & s.m. (f. -)
s.m.=jhilg, q.v.
= jhalhy, q.v.
H jhilang, s.m. A foot-soldier; a
S jhillk, s.m. A cricket
peon.
(=jhill).
H jhaln, s.f. (dialec.)=haln, q.v.
H jham-jham, s.m. &
adv.=jham-jham, q.v.
H jhallo, adj.=jhall, q.v.
H jhamk [S. +++],
H jhulw [rt. of jhl-n+S. s.m. Beating rain, a heavy shower; crash (as of
+ (with inserted)], s.m. A wreath or breaking glass, &c.);quickness, celerity,
garland of flowers. haste, dash, &c. (=jhapk, q.v.).

H jhalwn (caus. of jhaln), S jhamp, s.m. A jump, spring; a

v.t. To cause to be moved to and fro (a fan); to plunge; a sally.
have (one) fanned; to cause to be flapped.

863
H jhampn, v.n.=jhapan; Pleiades:jhumke-dr, adj. Clustering; having
a pendant, &c.
v.t.=jhpn.
H jhamkn (caus. of
H jhumi, s.f. (dialec.), Name of a
jhamakn), v.t. To cause to glitter or dance; to
Hind festival.
flash (cf. amkn).
H jham-jham [S. redupl.],
H jhamak [jhamak, q.v.+ =
s.m. & adv. The sound of heavy rain; dashing,
beating (of rain), steady downpour;heavily Prk. =S. ++], s.m.=jhamak; jhalak.
and continuously (raining).
H jhamakn (see jhamak), v.n.
H jhamjhamn (cf. To shine, to glitter, glisten, flash; to dance (cf.
jhaljhaln), v.n. To shine, sparkle, flash, jhalakn; amakn).
glitter, dance (as light).
H jhamjhamha H jhamk, s.f. Flash, glance,
(=jhaljhalha, q.v.), s.f. Glitter, sparkle, glare, glitter (cf. jhalk).
&c.=jhalak, q.v.
H jhumk (dim. of jhumk), s.f.
H jhamjhamk, adj. (f. -), A kind of ear-ring with a pendant.
Shining, glittering, brilliant, resplendent.
H jhamr, adj. & s.m. Hairy,
H jhamar-jhamar, s.m. & shaggy (=jhabu`, jhabr);a shaggy animal
adv.=jham-jham, q.v. (as a bear, &c.).

H jhumari [Prk.-S. ], s.f. A jahm, adj. Of or pertaining to the sect

so called;s.f. (for jahmyat), The appellation
Name of a rgin or musical mode (cf. jhmar, of a Mohammadan sect.
and jhmn).
H jhumeri, s.f.=jhumari, q.v.
H jhamak, s.f. = H
jhamk, s.m. (cf. jhalak, and amak), Radiance,
lustre, sparkle, glitter, splendour, refulgence; H jhamel, s.f. = H
jhamk, s.m. The sight, or the appearance, of a jhamel, s.m. [S. + and +; or el
beautiful woman.
(pleon.)= (with euph. y inserted)=S.
H jhamk, s.m. = H ++], Wrangling, altercation, row, pother;
jhamak, s.f. (cf. jhalak, and amak), Radiance, entanglement, complication, difficulty,
lustre, sparkle, glitter, splendour, refulgence; dilemma, imbroglio, mess, &c. (syn. bakhe).
jhamk, s.m. The sight, or the appearance, of a
beautiful woman. H jhamel, s.m. = H
jhamel, s.f. [S. + and +; or el
H jhamk [S. ++], s.m.
(pleon.)= (with euph. y inserted)=S.
Clanging, clang (of metallic instruments), clash
(of swords), clatter, &c. ++], Wrangling, altercation, row, pother;
entanglement, complication, difficulty,
H jhamakk (see the preceding), dilemma, imbroglio, mess, &c. (syn. bakhe).
s.m. Concourse, crowd (especially of low
people), mob. H jhameliy [jhamel, q.v.+iy
= Prk. =S. ( +)], s.m. A wrangler,
H jhumk [S. ++], s.m.
a quarrelsome fellow, a brawler; a mischief-
A bunch or cluster (of flowers or fruit); a tuft, a maker, troublesome fellow, pest, &c.
tassel; the bell-shaped pendant (of an ear-ring); (=bakheiy).
the passion-flower; the flower Gloriosa
superba; Charles's Wain, Ursa Major; the

864
H jaha, adv. contrac. of jah, or sharp clanking sound, jingling, rattling:
jhanjhnil (jhanjh+anil), s.m. Violent wind and
q.v.:jaha-taha, adv.=jah-tah.
rain, a high wind in the rainy season, a typhoon,
or the sort of tempest frequent during the south-
H jha, or jhan [S. ], s.m.f. west monsoon:jhanjh-vt, s.m. Wind with
(?), The sound of metallic vessels, &c. striking rain, a storm, squall.
against one another, jingling, clanking; clash (of
arms, swords, &c.). H jhanjhha [S.
+ , Prk. ], s.f. Difficulty,
H jhun, s.f. A slight resemblance.
dilemma, perplexity, trouble, vexation.

H jhunn, s.m. A fine kind of

H jhanjha, s.m.f.(?) Wrangling,
muslin (=jhn, q.v.).
contention;perplexity, dilemma;
encumbrance:jhanjha ln (-se), To get up a
H jhank [S. +Prk. or quarrel (with), to wrangle.
=S. ++], s.m. Clash, clank, crash,
ring. H jhanjha (see next), adj.
Intricate, difficult, perplexing.
H jhannn (see jhanjhann),
v.n. To tingle; to become benumbed or cramped H jhanjhaiy [jhanjha+Prk.
(the legs, feet, &c.), to feel the sensation of pins =S. ( +)], adj. & s.m.
and needles striking into the limbs.
Contentious, quarrelsome;a wrangler, a
quarrelsome fellow.
H jhun [S. ], s.m. A shrub,
bush, bramble (=jhu). H jhanjhar, s.m.=jhajjhar, q.v.

H jhin, s.f. The shrub Barleria

H jhanjhr, adj. & s.f.=jhajhr,
cristata.
q.v.
H jhuiy [S. or +,
H jhanjh-kr [S.
or dim. of jho], s.f. A lock of hair left at the
back or top of the head when the rest is shaven. +], s.f. Clinking, tinkling, ringing;
humming, buzzing; burring (of a grasshopper);
H jhanja, s.m.=jhanjha, q.v. chirping (of a cricket, &c.).

H jhinjar, s.m. Name of a
subdivision of the Gjar tribe.
H
jhunjln, v.n.=jhunjhln,
q.v.
H jhunjun, s.m.=jhunjhun,
q.v.
H
jhunjhl, s.f.=jhunjhlha,
q.v.
H
jhujhln,
jhunjhuln [jhunjhal, prob. Prk. redupl.;
S. redupl.], v.n. To be petulant or
irritable, to snap (at); to rage, storm; to be
peevish or fretful.

H jhinjo, s.f.=jhinjho, q.v. H jhunjhlha

[jhunjhl(n)+ha = wa = Prk.
H jhanjon, + =S. ()++], s.f.
jhinjon, v.t.=jhanjhon, q.v. Petulance, irritation, snappishness, peevishness,
raging, storming.
H jhanjh, s.f.=jhjh, q.v.
H jhunjhla-kr [rt. of
S jhanjh, s.f. Wind, wind and jhunjhln, q.v.+S. ], adv. In irritation,
heavy rain, a squall, gale, hurricane;a clang petulantly, angrily, snappishly (cf. jhunjhliy).

865
 H jhunjhun [Prk.
H jhajhaln, v.n.
; S. redupl.+], s.f. A
(dialec.)=jhunjh-ln.
small bell (one of such as are worn on the feet);
(fig.) an iron fetter (so called from its clanking
H jhanjhaln, v.t. To shake to or rattling).
and fro, to swing, vibrate (as dyers do cloth in
order to dry it; cf. jhaln). H jhinjho, s.f. Name of a
rgin or musical mode.
H jhunjhliy [rt. of
jhunjhln+iy = Prk. =S. ], adj. H jhanjhon,
jhinjhon [jhanjho = S. +], v.t. To
Irritable, petulant, snappish, cross, peevish.
pull and gnaw, rend and tear (as a dog, &c. does
S , jhanjhan (by redupl. of a bone, flesh, or another animal), to shake, to
), s.m. The sound of metallic vessels, &c. worry; to grapple with.
striking together, clang, clank, jingle, tinkle,
rattle, ring, &c.:=jhan-jhan karn, v.n. To clang, H jhanjh, jhinjh, s.f.
clank, jingle, &c. (=jhanjhann). Tingling, &c. (cf. jhanjhan).

H jhanjhan [S. +], H jhinjh (see jhinjhin), s.f. A

adj. (f. -), Irritable, petulant, peevish, fretful. cowrie or shell with the top worn away or
broken off; a woman with a flat nose.
H jhinjhin [Prk.
H jhanjhiy [jhjh+Prk.
redupl.+=S. redupl.+], adj. (f. -),
Worn, decayed, worn away; thin, emaciated; =S. ], s.f. A small cymbal.
threadbare; thin, fine (as cloth).
H jhanj, s.f.=jhanjh, q.v.;
H jhunjhun [Prk. jhinj, s.f.=jhinjh, q.v.
redupl.; S. redupl.+], s.m. A child's
rattle. H jhanjiy, s.m.(?) A species of
ser in the lower Doab.
H jhanjhann,
H jhun [Prk.-S. , prob. fr. S.
jhunjhunn [S. ; or Prk. =S.
or ], s.m. A shrub, bush; underwood;
redupl.+ = w = Prk. =S.
a tuft (of grass, &c.); a clump (of trees); a
caus. augment].
thicket; thick hair, mop (of hair); a ragged-
v n. To clang, jingle, tinkle, clink, ring, rattle; to
looking tree.
fly into a passion, to rage, storm, be petulant or
peevish; to tingle, be benumbed or cramped, go
to sleep (as the limbs). H jhun [Prk. ; S. ; but cf.
the preceding], s.m. A multitude, crowd, troop;
H jhanjhanha (fr. a flock, herd; a swarm;the buzzing noise of a
crowd:jhun-ke-jhun, Dense crowds; whole
jhanjhann; for ha, see jhunjhlha), s.f.
flocks.
Jingling, tinkling, tinkle, rattling, &c. (=jhan-
jhan; jhan-kr);petulance, peevishness.
H jhan [S. +; see
H jhanjhan, jhan], s.m. A flag, banner, standard, ensign; a
flagstaff; (dialec.) the male flower of maize:
jhinjhin [jhanjhan+Prk. =S. ], s.f. jhan gn, To set up a flag or banner, to
Tingling, numbness (of the limbs), the plant or fix a standard:jhane-par ahn (-
sensation as if pins and needles were striking ko), To expose, render infamous, defame,
into the limbs. disgrace:jhane-par ahn, v.n. To be
exposed, be rendered infamous, &c.:jhane-
tale-k dost, s.f. A casual or passing
acquaintance.

866
 H jhak, s.m.=jhakh, q.v.
H jhan [S. or +],
s.m. (dialec.), A lock (of hair); petal (of a H jhankn (caus. of jhanakn),
flower); foliage (of trees).
v.t.=jhan-krn, q.v.

H
jhanl = H
H jhakn (caus. of jhkn),

jhanln [jhan+l or ln = Prk. v.t. To cause to peep, to make or to get (one) to

=S. +], adj. & s.m. Having a thick peep or spy, &c.
or fine head of hair; having thick foliage (a
tree); thick, bushy;a man or child with a thick H jhun-ka, s.m. A bundle of
head of hair; a tree with thick foliage. twigs (=jhur-ka, q.v.).

H
jhanln = H H jhaka, jhak,

jhanl [jhan+l or ln = Prk. s.m.=jhakhar; jhakh, q.v.

=S. +], adj. & s.m. Having a thick
H , jhanakn [jhanak =
or fine head of hair; having thick foliage (a
tree); thick, bushy;a man or child with a thick Prk. () or (), fr. S. (or
head of hair; a tree with thick foliage. )+ ] v.n. To tinkle, jingle, clank, clink,
ring, rattle, &c.;to be angry, be offended or
H jhan [S. +], s.f. A vexed, to take umbrage.
small flag, a flag; a flagstaff.
H jhukn, v.n.=jhukn, q.v.
H jhin, s.f.=jhin, q.v.
H jhakorn, v.t.=jhakorn,
H jhn [jhun, q.v.+ = Prk. q.v.
=S. ], s.f. A bush; a tuft (of grass);
thicket, jungle; the root of grain stalks, sugar- H jhakh = H
cane, &c. jhankh [S. + , lit. 'Struck, blasted'],
s.m. A tree with bare branches, a leafless
H jha, s.f. (prov.)=jhanak, q.v. tree;jhakh, s.m. A stag; an elk (=jhkh;
so called from the resemblance of its horns to a
H or jhanak [S. + ], leafless tree).
s.f. Clinking, tinkling, ringing, rattling; clank,
clink, tinkle, jingle, ring, rattle;tingling, H jhankh = H
pricking:jhanak-b`, s.f. Acute rheumatism. jhakh [S. + , lit. 'Struck,
blasted'], s.m. A tree with bare branches, a
H or jhan-kr [S.
leafless tree;jhakh, s.m. A stag; an elk
], s.f. A low murmuring sound, (=jhkh; so called from the resemblance of its
humming, buzzing; burring (of a grasshopper); horns to a leafless tree).
chirping (of a cricket), &c.;clinking, tinkling,
&c.=jhanak, q.v. H jhakhit [S. + ; or rt. of
jhakh-n+S. ], part. adj. Shaken, struck
H , jhan-krn
(by the wind, &c.), blasted; horror-struck,
(jhan+krn, q.v.), v.t. To cause to give forth a having the hair standing on end, terrified;
clinking sound to tinkle, jingle, clank, clink, raving; lamenting.
ring, rattle, &c.
H jhakha, jhakh,
H , jhan-krn (fr.,
s.m.=jhakh, q.v.
jhan-kr, qq.v.), v.n. To murmur, hum, buzz (as
bees); to burr (as a grasshopper); to chirp (as a
cricket), &c. (=jhingrn). H jhakhn [jhakh, fr. S.
+ ], v.n. To be shaken, to be struck or

867
blasted; to be horror-struck, to have the hair
standing on end, to be terrified, be scared; to
shudder.
H jhakhn, v.n.=jhakhn =
jhakn, q.v.
H jhakhnau, v.n.
(Braj.)=jhakhn, jhakn, q.v.
H jhag [Prk. ; S.
(++)], s.m. An upper
garment; a long frock or coat (=jhagul, q.v.).
H jhing, s.m.=jhg, q.v.
H jhug, s.m.=jhg, q.v.
H jhigr, s.f.=jhan-kr, and
igh, qq.v.
H jhigrn, v.n. To buzz,
&c.=jhan-krn, and inghn, qq.v.
H jhing, s.f.=jhigr, q.v.
H jhign, v.n.=jhigrn,
q.v.
H jhigar, jhigur,
s.m.=jhgar, q.v.
of Bhagratha to discharge them from his ears,
and hence the river is regarded as his daughter,
and is calledJhnav.)jahnu-tanay, jahnu-
sut, jahnu-kany, s.f. 'The daughter of Jahnu`,
a name of the river Ganges.
H jhaw (see jhw, & next),
s.m. A kind of rice.
H jhawn [jhw, q.v.+ =
w = Prk. =S. caus. augment;+n =
Prk. =S. ], v.t. To clean the feet by
rubbing them with jhm or jhaw;v.n. To
tan (in the sun), become dusky or black; to
wither, fade, become faint; to smoulder; to be
extinguished (a fire):jhaw-jn, v.n. intens.
of and=jhawn.
H jhin-ha [S.
++], adj. Lean, thin, emaciated,
bony, raw-boned.
H jha` (fr. jhain), s.f. A swoon,
faint, stupefaction.
H jhau [S. ], s.f. (dialec.), Fire,
flame, heat.
S jihv, s.f. The tongue (=jbh):
jihv-svd, s.m. 'Tasting with the tongue,'
licking, lapping:jihv-mal, s.m. The fur of the
tongue.

H jhingaliya [jhinga = jhang, H jhauw [S. ], s.m.=jh`,

q.v.+Prk. =S. or +], s.f. A child's q.v.;a large open basket (made from the twigs
of the jh`).
upper garment; a small frock or coat, a tunic
(see next).
H jh`, s.m.=jhp; h`, qq.v.
H jhagiy [Prk. S.
H jahw, adv. (dialec.)=jah,
; see jhag], s.f.=jhingaliy, q.v.
q.v.
A jahannam, s.m. Hell; hell-fire;
Gehenna, the Valley of Hinnom. H jhp [S. +], s.m. A
collection, heap, pile (as of fruit, corn-stalks,
A jahannam, adj. Of or belonging to hell; &c.; cf. h`).
hellish, infernal.
H jhop, s.m. = H
S jahnu, s.m. Name of an ancient jhop, s.f. See jhop, and jhop.
king and sage who adopted the Gang as his
daughter. (When the river Ganges was brought H jhop, s.f. = H
down from heaven by the austerities of
Bhagratha, it inundated in its course the jhop, s.m. See jhop, and jhop.
sacrificial ground of Jahnu, who there fore
drank up its waters, but consented at the praver

868
H jh = H jh =jhh, &c.=jhh, jhh, q.v.:jhh n, To eat
and jhh, qq.v. leavings; to be very wretched:jhh dast-
wez, jhh kga, s.m. A false or forged
document:jhh karn (-ko) = jht bann,
H jh = H jh =jhh,
and jhuln, qq.v.:jhh khn = jhh
and jhh, qq.v. n, q.v.:jhh hon or ho-jn,
v.n.=jhh pan, q.v.
H jho, s.m.=jho, q.v.
H jhhn, s.f.=jhhan, jtiyl,
H jhln, v.t.=jhuln, q.v. &c. qq.v.

H jhan, s.m.=jhhan, q.v. H jhh` [jhh+` = Prk.

=S. +], s.f. Falseness, untrueness,
H jhh [S. ; cf. also ], untruthfulness, &c.
s.m. Remains or leavings of food, orts, refuse,
offal; that which has touched food and is H jhhan, s.m. pl. (Braj pl. of
thereby defiled;defilement, pollution jhh). Leavings of food, orts, refuse (=jhh).
(=jhh);a lie, a falsehood;adj. Lying,
false, &c. (see jhh):jhh bann, To
H jhhan, s.f. Land yielding a
frame or invent a lie:jhh boln, To tell a lie,
to lie; lying, uttering a falsehood:jhh double crop yearly (=jhhl, jiy, jhuht,
pakan (-k), To detect falsehood; to convict jhhiy`il, jhhar).
(one) of a lie:jhh jnn, To regard or
consider as a lie, to disbelieve:jhh-sa, s.f. H jhhiy`il, s.f.=jhhan,
Invention, fabrication, misrepresentation, q.v.
calumny:jhh-sa lagn (-ko), To
misrepresent, to calumniate:jhh lagn (- H jhi, s.f. (dialec.) A lie,
ko), To say what is false (of), to lie (against), to
&c.=jhh, q.v.
calumniate:jhh-mh, s.m. Lie, lying,
falsehood;adv. Falsely, deceptively,
feignedly; vainly, to no purpose, uselessly, H jhojr, adj.=jhojhr, q.v.
needlessly; without ground or cause, without
rhyme or reason. H jhojh [Prk. ; S. +],
s.m. A fight, a quarrel, &c.=jjh:jhojh karn,
H jhh [jhh+Prk. =S. To fight, quarrel.
+], s.m. Leavings of food, &c.=jhh,
q.v.;adj. (f. -), Touched (by food), defiled; H jhojh [S. ], s.m. A
lying, false; pretended, feigned, insincere, stomach. paunch; a pendulous belly; nest (of a
sham, hypocritical; groundless, imaginary; bird,=jhjh or jhojh).
supposititious; delusive, illusive, vain; unsound,
invalid; fictitious, invented, artificial, forged (as H jhojh [jhojh+Prk. =S.
a document); counterfeit, not genuine; not pure,
alloyed, base (as coin); failing of power, +], s.m. A paunch (=jhojh);a pot-bellied
untrustworthy, useless (as a limb, a tool, person, a corpulent man;name of an inferior
&c.);s.m. A false person, a liar:jhho, class of Musalmns in the Doab, &c. (chiefly
jhh, adv. Falsely, feignedly, hypocritically, converts from Hinduism).
in pretence, by way of sham, as a make-believe,
as a mere matt