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ROJEL A. QUIANO
Characteristics of learners
Previous NC Certificates
experience with a. PC OPERATIONS NC I
the topic b. Others (Please Specify) ________________
situation.
Other needs a. Financially challenged
b. Working student
c. Solo parent
d. Others(please specify) ______________________
1.1 Assemble computer hardware
1.2 Prepare installer
1.3 Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/
devices
1.4 Install application software
1.5 Conduct testing and documentation
2.1 Install Network Cables
2.2 Set Network Configuration
2.3 Set router/Wi-Fi/ wireless access point/repeater
configuration
2.4 Inspect and test the configured computer networks
3.1 Set-up user access
3.2 Configure Network Services
Current
Proof/Evidence Means of validating
competencies
3.2 Configure
Network Services?
3.3 Perform testing,
documentation and
pre-deployment
procedures?
4. Maintain and Certificate of Completion Certificate of Completion
repair computer Signed by the assessor
systems and
networks
4.1 Plan and prepare
for maintenance and
repair
4.2 Maintain
computer systems
and networks
4.3 Diagnose faults
of computer systems
and networks
4.4 Rectify/correct
defects in computer
systems and
networks
4.5 Inspect and test
the computer
systems and
networks
Using Form No.1.4, convert the Training Gaps into a Training Needs/
Requirements. Refer to the CBC in identifying the Module Title or Unit of
Competency of the training needs identified.
2.
6.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module you will be able to :
LO1 : Set-up user access
LO2: Configure network services
LO3: Perform testing, documentation and pre-deployment practices
A. INTRODUCTION
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to set-up computer servers for LANs and SOHO systems. It
consists of competencies to set-up user access and configures network services as well as to perform testing, documentation
and pre-deployment procedures.
B. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
LO 1: Set-up User access
Learning Content Methods Presentation Practice Feedback Resources Time
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prepared to 3.Group discussion check using information
ensure OH&S answer key sheet
policies and 1.1-1
procedures are
followed in
accordance with
systems
requirements
2. Materials
necessary to
complete the work
are identified and
obtained in
accordance with
established
procedures and
checked against
systems
requirements
3. Identify tools,
equipment and
testing devices
needed to carry
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out the
installation work
are obtained in
accordance with
established
procedures and
checked for
correct operation
and safety
4. Computer
hardware is
assembled in
accordance with
established
procedures and
systems requirements
5.Basic-input-
output-system
(BIOS)
configuration is
performed in
accordance with
hardware
requirements
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LO 3: Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices
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accessed and installed
in accordance with
manufacturers
recommendations and
requirements
4. On-going checks of
the quality of the work
are undertaken in
accordance with
established
procedures
C. ASSESSMENT PLAN
Written Test
Performance Test
D. TEACHERS SELF-REFLECTION OF THE SESSION
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(COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING)
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies
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MODULE CONTENT
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
Contents:
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Assessment Criteria
Conditions
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Assessment Method:
1. Hands-on
2. Direct observation
3. Practical demonstration
4. Oral Questioning
Contents:
Assessment Criteria
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4. Location where devices and systems to be installed is determined from
job requirements
16. Circuits and systems are checked as being isolated where necessary
using specified testing procedures
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17. Parts or connections of the installation or service that are removed in
order to conduct the test are stored to protect against loss or damage
and in accordance with established procedures
21. Parts, and/or connections removed for the purpose of testing are
returned to pre-test conditions in accordance with established
procedures
Conditions
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5.3. Long nosed pliers
5.4. Allen bit wrench
Assessment Method:
1. Hands-on
2. Direct observation
3. Practical demonstration
4. Oral and written exam
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Learning Experience
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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-1
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading of this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
2. Determine the effects of computers to the people, health risk, and to the
environment.
During installation and initial test, careful planning and preparation are to be
done. To avoid personal injury and damages to wiring due to sharp pins on
connectors and printed circuit assemblies, rough chassis edges and corners, and hot
components.
Adhere to warnings and limitations regarding accessibility into areas
designated only for authorized technical personnel.
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT:
SOME BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES:
Before starting the installation, read carefully the documentation and
procedures on any hardware and software settings that may be required.
Failure to do the proper jumper setting may cause damage to your CPU.
Without an effective cooling fan, the CPU can overheat and cause damage to
both CPU and the motherboard.
Each bank must have the same size and type of memory installed in pairs.
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Before adding and removing any other system components, make sure that you
unplug your power supply. Failure to do so may cause damage to your
motherboard and in the system component.
Test the computer, insuring that it meets the necessary system requirements
before booting up.
If the computer does not pass any of the power on self-test (POST), the
computer will receive an irregular power on self-test. An irregular POST is a
beep code which is different from the standard beep which can either be no
beeps at all or a combination of different beeps.
EFFECTS OF COMPUTERS
1. Violation of Privacy
3. Health Risks
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Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders of the
hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, necks, and back. Computer users can protect themselves
from these health risks through proper workplace design, good posture while at the
computer, and appropriately spaced work breaks. Another health risk, called
computer addiction, occurs when someone becomes obsessed with using the
computer. Once recognized, computer addiction is a treatable disorder.
4. Public Safety
Adults, teen, and children around the world are using computers to share
publicly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal information. Some
of these unsuspecting, innocent computer users have fallen victim to crimes
committed by dangerous strangers. Protect yourself and your dependents from these
criminals by being cautious. For example, do not share information that would allow
others to identify or locate you.
5. Impact on Environment
A. IDENTFICATION
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Direction: Identify the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the
1. Failure to do the proper jumper setting may cause damage to your CPU.
2. After adding and removing any other system components, make sure that
you unplug your power supply.
3. Test the computer, insuring that it meets the necessary system
requirements before booting up.
4. With an effective cooling fan, the CPU can overheat and cause damage to
both CPU and the motherboard.
5. After starting the installation, read carefully the documentation and
procedures on any hardware and software settings that may be required.
B. MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Select your answer on the choices below that will correspond on
the statement. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.
A. Violation of Privacy
B. Impact on the Environment
C. Public Safety
D. Health Risk
E. Impact on Labor Force
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1. Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting
natural resources and polluting the environment.
2. Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and
created an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the
skills of millions of workers and managers have been replaced by
computers.
3. It is crucial that personal and confidential records be protected properly.
4. Adults, teen, and children around the world are using computers to
share publicly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal
information.
5. Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders of
the hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, necks, and back.
Compare your answers with the Answer Key on the next page. If you
get 80% and above, then you may proceed to the next activity but if not,
A. IDENTIFICATION
1. TRUE
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2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE
B. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. B
2. E
3. A
4. C
5. D
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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
Are you the person everyone calls when they have a computer problem? Have
you considered getting paid for fixing near-fatal errors and turning your PC prowess
into a business? According a recent report, sales of computer services are expected to
exceed $47 billion this year in the U.S. alone, with PC repair leading the way. But
there are some requirements that you need to know before joining the bandwagon of
Computer Hardware Servicing trade, like document/forms (e.g. Job Orders, Request
Forms, and Report Sheets) and qualifications for personnel in repairing computers.
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS/FORMS:
A. Job Order
A Job order (known as works order outside of the United States because the
work is produced in a manufacturing area known as the works) or job
order (sometimes job ticket or work ticket, as it often has some type of ticket
attached) is an order received by an organization from a customer or client, or an
order created internally within the organization. A work order may be for products or
services.
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work order can be equivalent to a service order where the WO records the location,
date and time the service is carried out and the nature of work that is done. The type
of personnel (e.g. job position) may also be listed on the WO. A rate (e.g. $/hr,
$/week) and also the total amount of hours worked and total value is also shown on
the work order.
Contractors may use a single job work order and invoice form that contains the
customer information, describes the work performed, lists charges for material and
labor, and can be given to the customer as an invoice.
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Sample Job Order Form
___________________________________________________________________________
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Fax No. (02)922-5566
Computer Fixed By: Johnny Jean Tigas
Date Sent Back to School: ________________
Memory Transcend 2 GHz Processor Pentium Dual-Core 2 GHz
Hard Drive Space Hitachi Sata 80 Gig Windows Windows 7 Ultimate
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Sample Request Form
Observation/s:
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Date Reported:
***Corrupted Operating System*** December 01,
2015
Reported by:
Sign:
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Repair Report Sheet
Breakdown
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Date: November 15, 2015
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REQUIRED QUALIFICATION FOR A COMPUTER HARDWARE PERSONNEL:
Education
Certifications
PC technicians must be able to squat, bend and reach to access the computer
equipment requiring repair. They should be physically able to lift at least 50 pounds
of computer components. Employers look for technicians who can stand for long
periods of time and have the ability to perceive a variety of colors. Employers want
technicians who think analytically, are organized and pay attention to detail. They
should feel comfortable working under tight deadlines, and companies may expect
them to work overtime or on weekends.
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Knowledge and Skills
Applicants should know how to use a variety of standard office software, and
some jobs also require knowledge of networking. Companies prefer candidates with
previous PC repair experience, and they may look for candidates with experience
repairing specific brands of computers. Technicians need strong oral communication
skills and should be able to explain their findings to customers using common terms.
A. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the statement is
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__________7. A job order can be the equivalent to a work or service order
where the job order records the location, date and time the
service is carried out and the nature of service that was carried
out.
Compare your answers with the Answer Key on the next page. If you
get 80% and above, then you may proceed to the next activity but if not,
IDENTIFICATION
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE
6. FALSE
7. TRUE
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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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1. Identify fundamentals of operating systems
2. Determine the different types of operating systems
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system
and may also include accounting for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage,
printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the
operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the
computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the
hardware and will frequently make a system call to an OS function or be interrupted
by it. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer
from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Real-time
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A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at
executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized
scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior.
The main objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and predictable
response to events. They have an event-driven or time-sharing design and often
aspects of both. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their
priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based
on clock interrupts.
Multi-user
When only a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped
under a single-tasking system. However, when the operating system allows the
execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating
system. Multi-tasking can be of two types: pre-emptive or co-operative. In pre-emptive
multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each
of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-
emptive multitasking, as does Amiga OS. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by
relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner. 16-
bit versions of Microsoft Windows used cooperative multi-tasking. 32-bit versions,
both Windows NT and Win9x, used pre-emptive multi-tasking. Mac OS prior to OS X
used to support cooperative multitasking.
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Distributed
Embedded
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Unix-like systems run on a wide variety of computer architectures. They are
used heavily for servers in business, as well as workstations in academic and
engineering environments. Free Unix variants, such as GNU/Linux and BSD, are
popular in these areas.
Four operating systems are certified by the The Open Group (holder of the Unix
trademark) as Unix. HP's HP-UX and IBM's AIX are both descendants of the original
System V Unix and are designed to run only on their respective vendor's hardware. In
contrast, Sun Microsystems's Solaris Operating System can run on multiple types of
hardware, including x86 and Sparc servers, and PCs. Apple's Mac OS X, a
replacement for Apple's earlier (non-Unix) Mac OS, is a hybrid kernel-based BSD
variant derived from NeXTSTEP, Mach, and FreeBSD.
Unix interoperability was sought by establishing the POSIX standard. The
POSIX standard can be applied to any operating system, although it was originally
created for various Unix variants.
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school's undergraduates modified Unix even more in order to take advantage of the
computer's hardware possibilities. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of
the US Department of Defense took interest, and decided to fund the project. Many
schools, corporations, and government organizations took notice and started to use
Berkeley's version of Unix instead of the official one distributed by AT&T.
Steve Jobs, upon leaving Apple Inc. in 1985, formed NeXT Inc., a company that
manufactured high-end computers running on a variation of BSD called NeXTSTEP.
One of these computers was used by Tim Berners-Lee as the first web server to create
the World Wide Web.
Developers like Keith Bostic encouraged the project to replace any non-free
code that originated with Bell Labs. Once this was done, however, AT&T sued.
Eventually, after two years of legal disputes, the BSD project came out ahead and
spawned a number of free derivatives, such as FreeBSD and NetBSD.
Mac OS X
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February 16, 2012 for developers, and to be released to the public late summer 2012.
Releases of Mac OS X are named after big cats.
The server edition, Mac OS X Server, is architecturally identical to its desktop
counterpart but usually runs on Apple's line of Macintosh server hardware. Mac OS
X Server includes work group management and administration software tools that
provide simplified access to key network services, including a mail transfer agent,
a Samba server, an LDAP server, a domain name server, and others. In Mac OS X
v10.7 Lion, all server aspects of Mac OS X Server have been integrated into the client
version.
Linux and GNU
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side project of Linus Torvalds, a university student from Finland. In 1991, Torvalds
began work on it, and posted information about his project on a newsgroup for
computer students and programmers. He received a wave of support and volunteers
who ended up creating a full-fledged kernel. Programmers from GNU took notice, and
members of both projects worked to integrate the finished GNU parts with the Linux
kernel in order to create a full-fledged operating system.
Microsoft Windows
computers, with an estimated 88.9 percent total usage share on Web connected
computers. The newest version is Windows 7 for workstations and Windows Server
2008 R2 for servers. Windows 7 recently overtook Windows XP as most used OS.
DOS, which was the standard operating system shipped on most Intel architecture
personal computers at the time. In 1995, Windows 95 was released which only used
MS-DOS and 16 bits Windows 3.x drivers. Windows Me, released in 2000, was the
last version in the Win9x family. Later versions have all been based on the Windows
Server editions of Windows are widely used. In recent years, Microsoft has
expended significant capital in an effort to promote the use of Windows as a server
operating environment. However, Windows' usage on servers is not as widespread as
on personal computers, as Windows competes against Linux and BSD for server
market share.
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SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-3
A. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the statement
Compare your answers with the Answer Key on the next page. If you
get 80% and above, then you may proceed to the next activity but if not,
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master the lesson and take the Self-Check again
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ANSWER KEY 1.1-3
IDENTIFICATION
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT:
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Common computer hardware components
Computer system hardware components include devices that perform the functions
of input, processing, data storage; output and communication. The devices
responsible for these five areas are as follows:
Input
devices.
Input
devices
allow
you to
enter
data or
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commands in a form that the computer can use; they send the data or
commands to the processing unit. Commonly-used input devices include
keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, digital camera, and PC camera.
Storage devices. Storage usually means secondary storage that can store
data and programs outside the computer itself. Storage devices hold data,
information, and programs permanently. These devices supplement memory
(also called primary storage) that can hold data and programs only temporarily.
Common storage devices include a hard disk, USB flash drives, CDs, DVDs,
and memory cards. A drive is a device that reads from and writes onto a
storage medium. A storage medium is the physical material on which data,
information, and program are stored. Some portable devices, such as digital
cameras, use memory cards as the storage media.
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transmission media such as cables, telephone lines, satellites, and cellular
radio. A widely used communications device is a modem.
In summary, we communicate with computers through input/output devices.
Input devices translate our data and communications into a form that the computer
can understand. The computer then processes these data, and an output device
translates them back into a form we can understand. The central processing unit
manipulates data and controls the other parts of the computer system. Memory
(primary storage) temporarily stores data and program instructions during
processing, while secondary storage feeds data and instructions into the central
processor and stores data for future use.
The Motherboard
The system unit is a box-like case that houses the processor, memory and other
electronic components of the computer that are used to process data. All other
computer system devices, such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse, are linked
either directly or indirectly into the system unit.
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Figure below shows some of the components inside the system unit on a typical
PC, including the processor, memory, expansion cards, drive bays, power supply,
ports and connectors. The processor is the device that executes program instructions.
The memory device is a package that holds temporarily data and program
instructions during processing. An expansion card is a circuit board that adds
devices or capabilities to the computer. Finally, devices outside the system unit, such
as a keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, or microphone, are attached by a cable to a
port or connector on the system unit.
To conserve on space, all-in-one computer houses the system unit in the same
physical case as the monitor. On notebook computers, the keyboard and pointing
device often occupy the area on the top of the system unit. The display attaches to
the system unit by a hinge. The system unit on a handheld computer usually
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consumes the entire device. On these devices, the display is part of the system unit
too.
When the cover of a system unit is removed, the motherboard, also called
system board, can be seen inside the housing. The motherboard, a single circuit
board, provides the path through which the processor communicates with memory
components, other components, and peripheral devices. In a typical personal
computer, the components attached to the motherboard include processor, memory
chips, support electronic circuitry, and expansion boards. It is the processor that is
the most important component of the motherboard.
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An integrated circuit (IC) contains many microscopic pathways capable of
carrying electrical current. Each integrated circuit can contain millions of elements
such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors. Transistors act as electronic switches
that may or may not allow current to pass through. If current passes through, the
switch is on, representing the 1 bit. If current does not pass through, the switch is
off, representing a 0 bit. Thus, combinations of transistors can stand for
combinations of bits, which represent numbers, letters, and other characters. The
motherboard in the system unit contains many different types of chips. A
miniaturized central processing unit can be etched on a chip, then the term computer
on a chip.
Ultimately, the type of processor and the amount of RAM placed on the
motherboard define the computers speed and capacity. The processor is generally not
made by the manufacturers of PCs. It is made by companies that specialized in the
development and manufacture of microprocessors. A number of companies make
microprocessors, including Intel, IBM,
Motorola, Advanced Micro Devices
(AMD), and Cyrix. Most chips are no
bigger than one-half-inch square.
Manufacturers package chips so the
chips can be attached to a circuit board
such as a motherboard, memory
module, or adapter card.
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(FC-PGA) package is a higher-performance PGA packaging that places the chip on
the opposite side of the pins. Another high performance packaging technique does
not use pins. A single edge contact (SEC) cartridge connects to the motherboard
on one of its edges.
The central processing unit (CPU), also called processor, interprets and
carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. The CPU significantly
impacts overall computing power and manages most of a computer's operations. On
larger computers, such as mainframes and supercomputers, the various functions
performed by the processor extend over many separate chips and often multiple
circuit boards. On a personal computer, all functions of the processor usually are on
a single chip.
Memory
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The major feature of memory is that it rapidly provides the instructions and
data to the CPU. Memory stores three basic categories of items: (1) the operating
system and other system software that control or maintain the computer and its
devices; (2) application programs that carry our a specific task such as word
processing; and (3) the data being processed by the application programs and
resulting information.
This role of memory to store both data and programs is known as the stored
program concept.
The system unit contains two types of memory: volatile and nonvolatile. The
contents of volatile memory are lost when the computer power is turned off. In
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nonvolatile memory, the combination of circuit states is fixed, and therefore the
contents of nonvolatile memory are not lost when power is removed from the
computer. RAM is the most common type of volatile memory. Examples of nonvolatile
memory include ROM, flash memory and CMOS. The following sub-sections discuss
these types of memory.
RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the memory chips that are mounted directly
on the motherboard or mounted on peripheral cards that plug into the motherboard.
The RAM chips consist of millions of switches that are sensitive to changes in electric
current. When the computer is powered on, certain operating system files are loaded
from a storage device such as a hard disk into RAM. These files remain in RAM as
long as the computer is running. As additional programs and data are requested,
they are read from storage into RAM. The processor acts upon the data while it is in
RAM. During the running time, the contents of RAM may change as the program is
executed.
RAM comes in many different varieties. Three basic types of RAM are dynamic
RAM, static RAM, and magnetoresistive RAM. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) must be
refreshed (or recharged) constantly by the CPU or it loses its contents. Many
variations of DRAM chips exist, most of which are faster than the basic DRAM. One
type of DRAM is Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), which is much faster than DRAM
because it is synchronized to the system clock. Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM
chips are eve faster than SDRAM chips because they transfer data twice for each
clock cycle, instead of just once, and DDR2 and DDR3 are even faster than DDR.
Dual channel SDRAM is faster than single channel SDRAM because it delivers twice
the amount of data to the processor. Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) is yet another type of
DRAM that is much faster than SDRAM because it uses pipelining techniques. Most
personal computers today use some form of SDRAM chips or RDRAM chips.
Static RAM (SRAM) is faster and more reliable than any form of DRAM. The
term static refers to the fact that it does not have to be re-energized as often as
DRAM. SRAM is much more expensive than DRAM, thus it is usually used for special
purpose, such as used in cache.
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A newer type of RAM, called magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), stores data using
magnetic charges instead of electrical charges. Manufacturers claim that MRAM has
greater storage capacity, consumes less
power, and has faster access times than
electronic RAM. Also, MRAM retains its
contents after power is removed from the
computer, which could prevent loss of data
for users. As the cost of MRAM declines,
experts predict MRAM could replace both
DRAM and SRAM.
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business users who work with accounting, financial, or spreadsheet programs, and
programs requiring multimedia capabilities should have 1 to 4 GB of RAM. Users
creating professional Web sites or using graphics-intensive applications will want
4GB or more of RAM. The amount of RAM in computers purchased today ranges from
1GB to 64GB. In an advertisement, manufacturers specify the maximum amount of
RAM a computer can hold, for example, 1GB expandable to 2GB.
ROM
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and
instructions. That is, the items stored in ROM chips cannot be modified--hence, the
name read-only. ROM is usually nonvolatile. In ROM, the combination of circuit
states is fixed, and therefore its contents are not lost if the power is removed. The
data, instructions, or information stored on ROM chips often are recorded when the
chip is manufactured. ROM chips that contain permanently written data,
instructions, or information are called firmware. Firmware can be read and used,
but cannot be changed by user. For example, ROM contains the programs that direct
the computer to load the operating system and other files when the computer is
turned on. In addition to computers, many devices contain ROM chips. For example,
ROM chips in printers contain data for fonts.
Flash Memory
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to day-light savings time, the contents of a flash memory chip (and the real-time
clock chip) change to reflect the new time.
Flash memory chips also store data and programs on many mobile computers and
devices, such as smart telephones, digital cameras, pagers, PDAs, automotive
devices, portable media players, digital voice recorders, and printers. When you enter
names and addresses in a smart phone or PDA, a flash memory chip stores the data.
Some portable media players such as MP3 players store music on flash
memory chips; others store music on tiny hard disks or flash memory cards. The
logic capabilities of these devices can be upgraded by simply downloading new
software from the Internet or a vendor-supplied disk to flash memory.
CMOS
Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of memory chips use
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology because it provides
high speeds and consumes little power. CMOS technology uses battery power to
retain information even when the power to the computer is off. Battery-backed CMOS
memory chips, for example, can keep the calendar, date, and time current even when
the computer is off. The flash memory chips that store a computer's startup
information often use CMOS technology.
An expansion slot is a
socket on the motherboard that
can hold an adapter card. An
adapter card, also called
expansion card, is a circuit
board that enhances functions
of a component of the system
unit and/or provides
connections to peripherals. A
peripheral is a device that
connects to the system unit and
is controlled by the processor in An adapter card being inserted in an expansion slot
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the computer. Examples of peripherals are modems, disk drives, printers, scanners,
and keyboards. The adapter cards contain the electronic circuitry for many
supplemental capabilities, such as more memory, higher-quality sound devices, a
modem, extra ports, or graphics capabilities. Figure shows an expansion card being
plugged into an expansion slot on a personal computer motherboard.
Some motherboards
include all necessary
capabilities and do not
require adapter cards. Currently used adapter cards and their functions
Other motherboards may
require adapter cards to provide capabilities such as sound and video. A sound card
is used to enhance the sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer by
making two basic functions possible. First it enables sounds to be captured and
stored on disk. Second, it enables sounds to be played through external speakers.
The sound card can add realism to computer games with stereo music and sound
effects.
It also allows us to speak commands and enter words to our PCs via speech
recognition. The typical sound card will have receptacles for a microphone, a headset,
an audio output, and a joystick. A video card, also called video adapter or
graphics card, converts computer output into a video signal that is sent through a
cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen.
In the past, installing a card was not easy and required you to set switches and
other elements on the motherboard. Today, many computers support Plug and Play,
which refers to the computer's capability to automatically configure adapter cards
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and other peripherals as you install them. Having Plug and Play support means that
a user can plug in a new component turn on the computer, and then use or play the
component without having to configure the system manually.
There are four widely used types of removable flash memory devices: flash
memory cards, USB flash drives, PC cards, and ExpressCard modules. Unlike
adapter cards that require you to open the system unit and install the card on the
motherboard, you can change a removable flash memory device without having to
open the system unit or restart the computer. This feature, called hot plugging, allows
you to insert and remove the removable flash memory and other devices while the
computer is running.
A flash memory card is a removable flash memory device, which you inset and
remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer. Many mobile
and consumer devices, such as smart phones, digital cameras, portable media
players, and PDAs use these memory cards. Some printers and computers have built-
in card readers/writers or slots that read flash memory cards. In addition, you can
purchase an external card reader/writer that attaches to any computer. Flash
memory cards are available in a variety of shapes, sizes and capacities.
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A USB flash drive is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port
on a computer or portable device. A special type of USB flash drive, called a U3
smart drive, includes preinstalled software accessed through a Window-type
interface.
Buses
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Buses are used to
transfer bits from input
devices to memory, from
memory to the CPU, from
the CPU to memory, and
from memory to output or
storage devices. All buses
consist of two parts: a
data bus and an address
bus. The data bus
transfers actual data and
the address bus transfers
information about where
the data should go in
memory.
Every bus also has a clock speed. Just like the processor, the clock speed for a bus is
measured in megahertz. The higher the bus clock speed, the faster the transmission
of data, which results in applications running faster. Most of today's processors have
a bus clock speed of 400, 533, 667, 800, 1066, or 1333 MHz.
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Two
basic
types of
buses
are
found in
a
Buses allow the various devices inside and attached to the system unit to
communicate with each other
computer: a system bus and an expansion bus. A system bus is part of the
motherboard and connects the CPU to main memory. An expansion bus allows the
CPU to communicate with peripheral devices. Data transmitted to the CPU travels
from the expansion bus and the system bus. When computer professionals use the
term bus by itself, they usually are referring to the system bus. Since the types of
expansion buses on a motherboard determine the types of expansion cards you can
add, you should understand the expansion buses commonly found in today's
personal computers:
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network cards. The PCI bus transfers data about four times faster than the ISA
bus. Most current personal computers have a PCI bus.
The PCI Express (PCIe) bus is an expansion bus that expands on and doubles
the speed of the original PCI bus. Nearly all video cards today use the PCI
Express bus, as well as many hard disks and network cards. Experts predict
the PCI Express bus eventually will replace the PCI bus completely.
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) and FireWire bus are buses that eliminate
the need to install expansion cards into expansion slots. In a computer
equipped with a USB, USB devices are connected to each other outside the
system unit and then a single cable attaches to the USB port. The USB port
then connects to USB, which connects to the PCI bus on the motherboard. The
USB hot plug feature allows peripheral devices to be connected to or removed
from the USB port while the PC is running. The FireWire bus works in a similar
fashion. With these buses, expansion slots are available for devices not
compatible with USB or FireWire.
The expansion bus for a PC Card is the PC Card bus. With a PC Card inserted
into a PC Card slot, data travels on the PC Card bus to the PCI bus.
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A system unit has many ports
Ports and Connectors
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computer to a peripheral. Figure show the different types of connectors you may find
on a system unit. Notice that some are color-coded to help you match the connector
to the correct port. Some system units include these connectors when you buy the
computer. You add other connectors by inserting adapter cards on the motherboard.
Certain adapter cards have ports that allow you to attach a peripheral to the adapter
card.
The motherboard is designed with several port options, including at least one
serial port and parallel port each, several USB ports, and a FireWire port.
A serial port is a type of interface that connects a device to the system unit by
transmitting data one bit at a time. It usually used to connect devices that do
not required fast data transmission rates, such as a mouse or keyboard. The
COM port (short for communications port) on the system unit is one type of
serial port. Some modems, which connect the system unit to a telephone line,
use a serial port because the telephone line expects the data in a serial form.
Serial ports conform to either the RS-232 or RS-422 standard with 9-pin or 25-
pin. One of the 9 or 25 lines carries the serial signal to the peripheral device,
and another line carries the signal from the device. The other lines carry
control signals.
Parallel ports allow the parallel transmission of data; that is, several bits are
transmitted simultaneously. Figure also shows how 8-bit bytes travel in parallel
over 8 separate lines. Extra lines carry control signals. Parallel ports use the
same 25-pin RS-232C connector or the 36-pin Centronics connector. These
ports provide the interface for such devices as high-speed printers, external
magnetic tape or disk backup units, and other computers. Two newer types of
parallel ports, the EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port) and the ECP (Extended
Capabilities Port), use the same connectors as the Centronics port, but are
more than 10 times faster.
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A serial port and parallel port
USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports are used in high-speed device interfaces. Up
to 127 peripheral devices can be daisy-chained to a single USB port. USB ports
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are ideal for digital cameras, scanners, games controllers, MP3 music player,
CD & DVD, removable hard disk, PDA, smart phone, and high-speed modems.
Many system units have six to eight USB ports. Some newer peripheral devices
may attach only to a USB port. Others attach to either a serial or parallel port,
as well as a USB port. When connecting a device to a USB port, you do not
need to install a card in the computer. Simply plug one end of the cable into
the USB port and the other end into the device. To attach multiple peripherals
using a single USB port, you can use a USB hub. A USB hub is a device that
plugs in a USB port on the system unit and contains multiple USB ports in
which you plug cables from USB devices. Some USB hubs are wireless. The
latest version of USB, called USB 2.0, is a more advanced and faster USB, with
speeds 40 times higher than that of its predecessor.
FireWire ports, also called IEEE 1394 port, are similar to the USB port and
can connect multiple
types of devices that
require faster data
transmission speeds
such as digital video
cameras, digital VCRs
color printer,
scanners, digital
cameras, and DVD
drives to a single
connector. Up to 63
devices can be
USB and FireWire ports are replacing traditional ports
connected together
using a FireWire port. The latest FireWire version, called FireWire 800, is much
more advanced than its predecessor, FireWire 400. The FireWire also supports
Plug and Play. Many computer professionals believe that ports such as USB
and FireWire someday will replace serial and parallel ports completely. Having
standard ports and connectors, such as USB and FireWire, greatly simplify the
process of attaching devices to a computer. In general, FireWire has replaced
parallel and SCSI ports, and USB ports have replaced mouse, keyboard, serial,
audio, and parallel ports. Some newer computers do not have a serial or
parallel port. Users plug the device in a USB or FireWire port. Figure 4-32
shows how USB and FireWire are replacing other ports completely.
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There are five special-purpose ports available: MIDI, eSATA, SCSI, IrDA, and
Bluetooth. These ports are not included in typical computers. For a computer to have
these ports, you often must customize the computer purchase order. MIDI (Musical
Instrument Digital Interface) ports connect the system unit to a musical
instrument, such as an electronic keyboard. The electronic music industry has
adopted MIDI as a standard to define how devices, such as sound cards and
synthesizers, represent sounds electronically. A synthesizer, which can be a
peripheral or a chip, creates sound from digital instructions. A system unit with a
MIDI port has the capability of recording sounds that have been created by a
synthesizer and the processing the sounds to create new sounds. Nearly every sound
card supports the MIDI standard, so you can play and manipulate on one computer
sounds that originally were created on another computer.
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Built into the power supply is a fan that keeps the power supply cool. Many
newer computers have additional fans near certain components in the system unit
such as the processor, hard disk, and ports. Processor chips generate quite a bit of
heat, which could cause the chip to burn up. Although the computers main fan
generates airflow, many of todays processors require additional cooling. A heat sink is
a small ceramic or metal component with fins on its surface that absorbs and
disperses heat produced by electrical components such as a processor. Because a
heat sink consumes extra space, smaller device called a heat pipe cools processors in
notebook computers.
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TASK SHEET. 1.1-4
Equipment:
1. Computer
2. PPE
Steps/Procedure:
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Criteria Yes No
Computer components and peripherals are identified
correctly
Questions about the computer components and peripherals
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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-5
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
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Hardware Tools/Equipments Illustrations
and their Functions
Protective Eyewear
Multi-tester or Multi-meter
A multi-meter or a multi-tester,
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meter), is an electronic measuring
unit
Pliers (Assorted)
or physical compression.
Screwdriver
Soldering Gun
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A soldering gun is
Desoldering Tool
Allen Wrench
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Flashlight
BIOS Chip
Mirror
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In hardware servicing a mirror is
Tweezers
very
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discharge (ESD)
Gloves
Printer
documents stored in
paper or transparencies
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Computer
A computer is
operations
CD/DVD
and software
Device Driver
CD/DVD
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An application used
and peripherals of a
computer systems
and networks
RS 232 pin
insertion/extractio
n tool
Computer Networking
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Crimping Tool
designed to crimp or
an example of what a
connectors.
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LAN Tester
testing network
cable connectivity
UTP Unshielded
Cable
computer
networking
RJ 45 Connector
A plastic connector
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to connect
computers in a
network
Ethernet Switch
A network
switch or switching
hub is a computer
networking
device that
connects network
segments or network
devices
References
1. http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/OHS/default.htm
2. www.cengageasia.com
3. www.wikipedia.com
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SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-5
A. IDENTIFICATION.
Direction: Identify the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the
________3. Fliers are hand tool used to hold objects firmly for beding or physical
Compression
________4. A screw is a tool for driving screws and often rotating other machine
elements with the mating drive system
________5. A Soldering Gun is a tool for soldering metals using tin-based solder
to achieve a highly conductive contact
B. MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Select your answer on the choices below that will correspond on the
statement. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.
1. Mirror
2. Flash light
3. Gloves
4. Tweezers
5. IC Insertion and Extracting Tool
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______ 1. A hand held portable electric light source
______ 4. Intended for picking up objects too small for human hands
Compare your answers with the Answer Key on the next page. If you
get 80% and above, then you may proceed to the next activity but if not,
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ANSWER KEY 1.1-5
C. IDENTIFICATION
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
D. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. G
2. J
3. F
4. I
5. H
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EVIDENCE PLAN
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QUALIFICATION: COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II
Title of Evaluation INSTALL COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND
NETWORKS
Units of competency INSTALL COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND
covered NETWORKS
Written Examination
The evidence must show that the trainee
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Obtains materials necessary to complete work and
establishes procedures which checks against job
requirement
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Establishes and undertakes procedures according to
on-going checks of quality of work
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Undertakes final inspections to ensure the installed
devices / systems conforms to requirements
Types of computers
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Enumerated the different peripheral devices
X X
Use of utilities/software
Operating systems
Diagnostic software
Device drivers
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Table of Specification
Objectives/ # of
Content Knowledge Comprehensive Application Items/ %
Area/ Topics of test
Installation is
planned and
prepared to
ensure OH&S
policies and
procedures
are followed, (5) (2) (3) (10)
the work is 10% 4% 6% 20%
appropriately
sequenced in
accordance
with
requirements
Computer
(2) (3) (5) (10)
operating
4% 6% 10% 20%
systems
Appropriate
personnel are
consulted to
ensure the
work is (1) (1) (3) (5)
coordinated 2% 2% 6% 10%
effectively with
others
involved on
the work site
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Hardware 4% 6% 20% 30%
Tools,
equipment
and testing
devices
needed to
carry out the
installation
work are
obtained in (5) (3) (2) (10)
accordance 10% 6% 4% 20%
with
established
procedures
and checked
for correct
operation and
safety
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PERFORMANCE TEST
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
DIRECTION: Select the best answer from among the choices given. Write
your answer on your answer sheets.(15 minutes time limit.
10 items each)
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B. Operational Health and Safety
C. Occupational Help and Safety
D. None of Above
2. Before starting the ________, read carefully the documentation and
procedures on any hardware and software settings that may be
required.
A. Inspection
B. Installation
C. Intonation
D. None of the Above
3. Failure to do the proper jumper setting may cause damage to your
________.
A. Monitor
B. Printer
C. CPU
D. All of the Above
4. Without an effective ________, the CPU can overheat and cause damage
to both CPU and the motherboard.
A. Cooling Fan
B. Heat Sink
C. Motherboard
D. All of the Above
5. Each bank must have the same _____ and type of memory installed in
pairs.
A. Size
B. Speed
C. Accuracy
D. All of the Above
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6. Before adding and removing any other system components, make sure
that you unplug your _________.
A. Motherboard
B. UPS
C. Power Supply
D. All of the Above
A. Solar System
B. System Component
C. Shoot System
D. None of the Above
A. Booting Up
B. Heating Up
C. Warming Up
D. All of the Above
9. If the computer does not pass any of the ________________ (POST), the
computer will receive an irregular_________________. An irregular POST
is a beep code which is different from the standard beep which can
either be no beeps at all or a combination of different beeps.
A. Power on Self-Test
B. Power on Supply-Test
C. Power on System-Test
D. None of the Above
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A. Strike Force
B. Lightning Force
C. Labor Force
A. Operating System
B. Application Programs
C. Time-Sharing Operating System
D. Multi-User Operating System
E. Single-Tasking System
F. Distributed Operating System
G. Embedded Operating System
H. Ken Thompson
I. Mac OS X
J. Linus Torvald
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enable a multiple user access to a computer through the sharing of
time.
10. An operating system type that schedule tasks for efficient use of
the system and may also include accounting for cost allocation of
processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
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III. TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is TRUE. If the statement is FALSE.
Write your answers in your answer sheets. (5 minutes time limit. 5 items
each).
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IV. Modified TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is TRUE. If the statement is FALSE
change the underlined word and write the correct answer. Write your
answers in your answer sheets. (10 minutes time limit. 15 items each.
Wrong spelling wrong)
A. Computer Devices and Peripherals
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4. Input devices allow you to enter data or commands in a form that the
computer can use; they send the data or commands to the processing
unit.
7. The circuitry in the system unit is part of a circuit board called the
motherboard.
8. The memory, formally known as the central processing unit (CPU), has
electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into the information
people want. Computer instructions are actually are executed in the
central processing unit.
11. Storage usually means primary storage that can store data and
programs outside the computer itself.
12. Communications devices provide connections between the
computer and communications networks, and enable computer users to
communicate and to exchange data, information, and programs with
other computers.
13. The system unit is a box-like case that houses the processor,
memory and other electronic components of the computer that are used
to process data.
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14. When the cover of a system unit is removed, the motherboard, also
called system board, can be seen inside the housing.
V. COMPLETION
Complete the sentence by giving the right answer in the blanks. Write your
answer in you answer sheets. (10 minutes time limit. 10 items each.
Wrong spelling wrong)
A. Tools and Equipments
4. A tool for driving screws and often rotating other machine elements with
the mating drive system is called___________.
6. Tools used for removing the molten solder so that the joint may be
separated are called_______________.
8. Tools used for picking up objects too small to be easily handled with
the human hands are called _________________.
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9. A garment used for covering and protecting the whole hand is
called___________.
ANSWER KEYS
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A 5. A 9. A
2. B 6. C 10. C
3. C 7. B
4. A 8. A
A.
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. J
5. I
6. H
7. G
8. F
9. E
10. C
A.
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1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
A.
1. TRUE
2. PROCESSING
3. COMMUNICATION
4. TRUE
5. OUTPUT DEVICE
6. SYSTEM UNIT
7. TRUE
8. PROCESSOR
9. TRUE
10. ELECTRONIC DEVICE
11. SECONDARY STORAGE
12. TRUE
13. TRUE
14. TRUE
15. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
V. COMPLETION
A.
1. PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR
2. MULTI-METER OR MULTI-TESTER OR VOM METER
3. PLIER
4. SCREWDRIVER
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5. SOLDERING GUN OR IRON
6. DESOLDERING TOOLS
7. FLASHLIGHT
8. TWEEZERS
9. GLOVE
10. PRINTER
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Date Developed: Document No.
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Date Developed: Document No.
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Date Developed: Document No.
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QUESTIONING TOOL
Trainees name:
Trainers name:
QUALIFICATION: COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II
Title of Evaluation INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
Units of competency INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER
covered: SYSTEMS
Date of evaluation:
Time of evaluation:
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A
Plans and prepares installation to ensure OH&S
policies procedures and requirements
Consults appropriate personnel and ensures the work
coordinates effectively with others involve on the work site
Feedback to trainee:
Developed by:
RONALD T. BERGADO Revision # 01
Trainees signature: Date:
Questioning:
Acceptable Answers:
1. Planned Installation
2. A TESDA Certified Trainer and Technician
3. Multi-tester
4. Manual
5. operating system
6. Peripheral devices
7. Motherboard
Date Developed: Document No.
Computer Systems February 6, 2017 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Date Revised:
Developed by:
RONALD T. BERGADO Revision # 01
8. Video Card
Trainees name:
Trainers name:
QUALIFICATION: COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II
Units of
competency INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
covered:
Date of
evaluation:
Time of
evaluation:
Developed by:
RONALD T. BERGADO Revision # 01
facilitator/trainer if you intend to use your own materials/supplies,
tools and instrument.
2. You are required to perform the tasks in plan and prepare for
installation Identify the different computer components and
peripherals 15 Minutes only.
3. You will be evaluated through demonstration of skills observation with
questioning, written test and practical demonstration.
Developed by:
RONALD T. BERGADO Revision # 01
INSTRUCTION FOR DEMONSTRATION:
Trainees name:
Trainers name:
QUALIFICATION: COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II
Units of
competency ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE
covered:
Date of
evaluation:
Time of
evaluation:
Developed by:
RONALD T. BERGADO Revision # 01
INSTRUCTION FOR DEMONSTRATION:
(FOR THE TRAINER)
Trainees name:
Trainers name:
QUALIFICATION: COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II
Units of
competency ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE
covered:
Developed by:
RONALD T. BERGADO Revision # 01
Provide the necessary supplies/materials, tools and equipment needed
in the evaluation
Conduct competency evaluation
Provide feedback to trainee after evaluation
Record and report result of evaluation
Developed by:
RONALD T. BERGADO Revision # 01
COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT RESULT
SUMMARY
Candidates Name:
Assessors Name:
Units of Competency
ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE
covered:
Date of Assessment
Assessment Center
B. Practical Demonstration
C. Written Examination
Recommendation
For re-assessment. _____________________________________
For issuance of certificate. Pls. Specify (Qualification, NC Level )
_____________________
Computer book, PC 8
Magazines and journals
Non Print Resources
Videos/slides 11 +1
VHS/VCD player 1 1
White board 1 2 +2
OHP/LCD 1 1
Whiteboard 1 piece 2 +2
Tools
Screwdriver (standard) 10 pieces 10
Lead 1 spool 2 +1