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Coordinates:485138N22109E

CentreGeorgesPompidou
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

CentreGeorgesPompidou(Frenchpronunciation:[st
ppidu]commonlyshortenedtoCentrePompidoualso CentreGeorgesPompidou
knownasthePompidouCentreinEnglish)isacomplex
buildingintheBeaubourgareaofthe4tharrondissementof
Paris,nearLesHalles,rueMontorgueilandtheMarais.It
wasdesignedinthestyleofhightecharchitecturebythe
architecturalteamofRichardRogersandRenzoPiano,along
withGianfrancoFranchini.

IthousestheBibliothquepubliqued'information(Public
InformationLibrary),avastpubliclibrary,theMuse
Nationald'ArtModerne,whichisthelargestmuseumfor
modernartinEurope,andIRCAM,acentreformusicand Generalinformation
acousticresearch.Becauseofitslocation,theCentreis
Type Cultureandleisure
knownlocallyasBeaubourg(IPA:[bobu]).[1][2][3]Itis
Architectural Postmodern/hightech
namedafterGeorgesPompidou,thePresidentofFrancefrom
1969to1974whocommissionedthebuilding,andwas style
officiallyopenedon31January1977byPresidentValry Location Paris,France
Giscardd'Estaing.Asof2006,theCentrePompidouhashad
Completed 19711977
over180millionvisitorssince1977[4]andmorethan
Technicaldetails
5,209,678visitorsin2013,[5]including3,746,899forthe
Structural Steelsuperstructurewithreinforced
museum.[6]
system concretefloors
Thesculpture,HorizontalbyAlexanderCalder,afree Designandconstruction
standingmobilethatis25feethigh(7.6m),wasplacedin
Architect RenzoPiano,RichardRogersand
frontoftheCentrePompidouin2012.
GianfrancoFranchini
Structural Arup

Contents engineer
Services Arup
1 History engineer
2 Architecture
2.1 Design
2.2 Construction
2.3 StravinskyFountain
2.4 PlaceGeorgesPompidou
3 Attendance
3.1 Exhibitions
4 Expansion
4.1 Provincialbranches
4.2 Internationalexpansion
4.2.1 Europe
4.2.2 Asia
4.2.3 NorthAmerica
4.2.4 SouthAmerica
5 Management
5.1 Presidents
5.2 Funding
6 Useinfilmandtelevision
7 Publictransport
8 Seealso
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8 Seealso
9 References
10 Externallinks

History
Theideaforamulticulturalcomplex,bringingtogetherinoneplacedifferentformsofartandliterature,
developed,inpart,fromtheideasofFrance'sfirstMinisterofCulturalAffairs,AndrMalraux,awestern
proponentofthedecentralisationofartandculturebyimpulseofthepoliticalpower.[7]Inthe1960s,city
plannersdecidedtomovethefoodmarketsofLesHalles,historicallysignificantstructureslongprizedby
Parisians,withtheideathatsomeoftheculturalinstitutesbebuiltintheformermarketarea.Hopingtorenew
theideaofParisasaleadingcityofcultureandart,itwasproposedtomovetheMused'ArtModernetothis
newlocation.Parisalsoneededalarge,freepubliclibrary,asonedidnotexistatthistime.Atfirstthedebate
concernedLesHalles,butasthecontroversysettled,in1968,PresidentCharlesdeGaulleannouncedthe
PlateauBeaubourgasthenewsiteforthelibrary.Ayearlaterin1969,thenewpresidentadoptedthe
Beaubourgprojectanddecidedittobethelocationofboththenewlibraryandacentreforthecontemporary
arts.Intheprocessofdevelopingtheproject,theIRCAM(InstitutdeRechercheetCoordination
Acoustique/Musique)wasalsohousedinthecomplex.

Bythemid1980s,theCentrePompidouwasbecomingthevictimofitshugeandunexpectedpopularity,its
manyactivities,andacomplexadministrativestructure.WhenDominiqueBozoreturnedtotheCentrein1981
asDirectoroftheMuseNationald'ArtModerne,hereinstalledthemuseum,bringingoutthefullrangeofits
collectionsanddisplayedthemanymajoracquisitionsthathadbeenmade.[8]By1992,theCentredeCration
IndustriellewasincorporatedintotheCentrePompidou.

Sincereopeningin2000afterathreeyearrenovation,theCentrePompidouhasimprovedaccessibilityfor
visitors.Nowtheycanonlyaccesstheescalatorsiftheypaytoenterthemuseum.[9]

Architecture
Design

TheCentrewasdesignedbyItalianarchitectRenzoPianoBritish
architectRichardRogersandItalianarchitectGianfrancoFranchini,
assistedbyOveArup&Partners.[10]Theprojectwasawardedtothis
teaminanarchitecturaldesigncompetition,theresultsofwhichwere
announcedin1971.ItwasthefirsttimeinFrancethatinternational
architectswereallowedtoparticipate.WorldrenownedarchitectsOscar
Niemeyer,JeanProuvandPhilipJohnsonmadeupthejurywhich
wouldselectonedesignoutofthe681entries.[11] Buildingtechnology

NationalGeographicdescribedthereactiontothedesignas"loveat
secondsight."[12]AnarticleinLeFigarodeclared"Parishasitsownmonster,justliketheoneinLochNess."
Buttwodecadeslater,whilereportingonRogers'winningthePritzkerPrizein2007,TheNewYorkTimes
notedthatthedesignoftheCentre"turnedthearchitectureworldupsidedown"andthat"Mr.Rogersearneda
reputationasahightechiconoclastwiththecompletionofthe1977PompidouCentre,withitsexposed
skeletonofbrightlycolouredtubesformechanicalsystems.ThePritzkerjurysaidthePompidou
"revolutionisedmuseums,transformingwhathadoncebeenelitemonumentsintopopularplacesofsocialand
culturalexchange,wovenintotheheartofthecity."[13]

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Initially,allofthefunctionalstructuralelementsofthebuildingwerecolourcoded:greenpipesareplumbing,
blueductsareforclimatecontrol,electricalwiresareencasedinyellow,andcirculationelementsanddevices
forsafety(e.g.,fireextinguishers)arered.[14]

Construction

TheCentrewasbuiltbyGTMandcompletedin1977.[15]Thebuildingcost993million1972Frenchfrancs.
RenovationworkconductedfromOctober1996toJanuary2000wascompletedonabudgetof576million
1999francs.[14]

Buildingspecifications[14]
Landarea 2hectares(5acres)
Floorarea 103,305m2
Superstructure 7levels
Height 42m(RueBeaubourgside),45.5m(Piazzaside)
Length 166m
Width 60m
Infrastructure 3levels
Dimensions Depth:18mLength:180mWidth:110m
Materialsused[14]
Earthworks 300,000m3
Reinforcedconcrete 50,000m3
Metalframework 15,000tonnesofsteel
Faades,glasssurfaces 11,000m2
Opaquesurfaces 7,000m2

StravinskyFountain

ThenearbyStravinskyFountain(alsocalledtheFontainedesautomates),onPlaceStravinsky,features16
whimsicalmovingandwatersprayingsculpturesbyJeanTinguelyandNikideSaintPhalle,whichrepresent
themesandworksbycomposerIgorStravinsky.TheblackpaintedmechanicalsculpturesarebyTinguely,the
colouredworksbydeSaintPhalle.Thefountainopenedin1983.[16]

VideofootageofthefountainappearedfrequentlythroughouttheFrenchlanguagetelecourse,FrenchinAction.

PlaceGeorgesPompidou

ThePlaceGeorgesPompidouinfrontofthemuseumisnotedforthepresenceofstreetperformers,suchas
mimesandjugglers.Inthespring,miniaturecarnivalsareinstalledtemporarilyintotheplaceinfrontwitha
widevarietyofattractions:bands,caricatureandsketchartists,tablessetupforeveningdining,andeven
skateboardingcompetitions.

Attendance
TheCentrePompidouwasintendedtohandle8,000visitorsaday.[17]Initsfirsttwodecadesitattractedmore
than145millionvisitors,morethanfivetimesthenumberfirstpredicted.[18]Asof2006,morethan180million
peoplehavevisitedthecentresinceitsopeningin1977.[4]However,untilthe19972000renovation,20percent
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ofthecentre'seightmillionannualvisitorsinthemainforeigntourists
rodetheescalatorsuptheoutsideofthebuildingtotheplatformfor
thesights.[19]

Since2006,theglobalattendanceofthecentreisnolongercalculatedat
themainentrance,butonlytheoneoftheMuseNationald'Art
Moderneandofthepubliclibrary(5,209,678visitorsforbothin
2013),[6]butwithouttheothervisitorsofthebuilding(929,431in2004
or928,380in2006,foronlythepanoramaticketsorcinemas,festivals,
PabloPicasso'sworksintheCentre
lectures,bookshops,workshops,restaurants,etc.).[4]

TheMuseNationald'ArtModerneitselfsawanincreaseinattendancefrom3.1million(2010)to3.6million
visitorsin2011[20]and3.75millionin2013.[6]

The2013retrospective"Dal"brokethemuseumsdailyattendancerecord7,364peopleadaywenttoseethe
artistswork(790,000intotal).[21]

Exhibitions

Severalmajorexhibitionsareorganisedeachyearoneitherthefirstorsixthfloors.Amongthem,many
monographs:[22]

PaulDavis(1977) FrancisBacon Herg(2006) tienneMartin

HenriMichaux (1996) AnnetteMessager (2010)
(1978) FernandLger (2007) LucianFreud(2010)
Dal(1979) (1997) RichardRogers Arman(2010)
Pollock(1982) DavidHockney (2007) FranoisMorellet
Bonnard(1984) (1998) SamuelBeckett (2011)
Kandinsky(1984) PhilipGuston(2000) (2007) EdvardMunch
tienneMartin Picasso(2000) DavidClaerbout (2011)
(1984) JeanDubuffet(2001) (2007) GerhardRichter
Klee(1985) RolandBarthes JulioGonzlez (2012)
CyTwombly(1988) (2002) (2007) SalvadorDal(2013)
FrankStella(1988) MaxBeckmann AlbertoGiacometti RoyLichtenstein
AndyWarhol(1990) (2002) (2007) (2013)
MaxErnst(1991) NicolasdeStal LouiseBourgeois MikeKelley(2013)
Matisse(1993) (2003) (2008) PierreHuyghe
JosephBeuys(1994) SophieCalle(2003) PolAbraham(2008) (2013)
KurtSchwitters Cocteau(2003) TatianaTrouv HenriCartier
(1994) PhilippeStarck (2008) Bresson(2014)
GerardGasiorowski (2003) MiroslavTichy SimonHanta(2014)
(1995) Mir(2004) (2008) JeffKoons(2014)
Brncui(1995) AurelieNemours DominiquePerrault MonaHatoum
Sanejouand(1995) (2004) (2008) (2015)
BobMorris(1995) CharlottePerriand JeanGourmelin WifredoLam(2015)
(2005) (2008) Dominique
Robert JacquesVillegl GonzalezFoerster
Rauschenberg (2008) (2015)
(2006) RonArad(2008)
ClaudeClosky AlexanderCalder
(2006) (2009)
JeanLucGodard PhilippeParreno
(2006) (2009)
YvesKlein(2006) Kandinski(2009)

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PierreSoulages
(2009)

Expansion
Provincialbranches

In2010,theCentreGeorgesPompidouopenedaprovincialbranch,the
CentrePompidouMetz,inMetzacity170mileseastofParis.Thenew
museumispartofanefforttoexpandthedisplayofcontemporaryarts
beyondParis'slargemuseums.Thenewmuseum'sbuildingwas
designedbythearchitectShigeruBanwithacurvingandasymmetrical
pagodalikerooftoppedbyaspireandpuncturedbyuppergalleries.
The77metrecentralspireisanodtotheyeartheCentreGeorges
PompidouofPariswasbuilt1977.TheCentrePompidouMetz TheCentrePompidouMetz.
displaysunique,temporaryexhibitionsfromthecollectionoftheMuse
Nationald'ArtModerne,whichisnotondisplayatthemainParisian
museum.Sinceitsinauguration,theinstitutionhasbecomethemostvisitedculturalvenueinFranceoutside
Paris,accommodating550,000visitors/year.[23][24]

Launchedin2011inChaumont,themuseumforthefirsttimewentontheroadtotheFrenchprovinceswitha
selectionofworksfromthepermanentcollection.Todothis,itdesignedandconstructedamobilegallery,
which,inthespiritofacircus,willmakecampforafewmonthsatatimeintownsthroughoutthecountry.[25]
However,in2013,theCentrePompidouhalteditsmobilemuseumprojectbecauseofthecost.[26]

In2014,planswerereleasedforatemporarysatelliteoftheCentrePompidouinthenorthernFrenchtownof
MaubeugeclosetotheBelgianborder.The3,000squaremetreoutpost,tobedesignedbythearchitectsPierre
HebbelinckandPierredeWit,issaidtobelocatedatthe17thcenturyMaubeugeArsenalforfouryears.The
costoftheprojectis5.8million.[27]

In2015,thecityauthoritiesinLibourne,atowninsouthwesternFrance,proposedaPompidoubranchhoused
inaformermilitarybasecalledEsog.[28]

Internationalexpansion

Europe

In2015,around70worksfromtheCentrePompidou'scollectionare
plannedtogoonshowinatemporaryglassandsteelstructurecalled
TheCube(ElCubo)inMlaga.AccordingtotheSpanishnewspaperEl
Pas,theannual1millioncostofthefiveyearprojectwillbefunded
bythecitycouncil.[29]ThepartnershipwithMlagawasannouncedby
thecity'smayorbutwasnotconfirmedbyPompidouCentrepresident
AlainSebanuntil24April2014.[30]Around100worksfromthe
Pompidous20thand21stcenturycollectionwillbeinstalledinthe BranchinMlaga(Spain)
2,000squaremetres(22,000squarefeet)spacefortwoyears,whilea
smallerareawillbeusedfortemporaryexhibitions.PortraitureandtheinfluenceofPicassowillbeamongthe
subjectsexploredinthepermanentdisplay,organisedbythePompidousdeputydirectorBrigitteLeal.
HighlightswillincludeworksbyAlbertoGiacometti,RenMagritte,AlexanderCalderandConstantin
Brancusi,andcontemporaryworksbySophieCalle,BruceNaumanandOrlan.ThecityofMlagaalso
commissionedDanielBurentocreatealargescaleinstallationwithinElCubo.[31]

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ThecityofMlagawillpaytheCentrePompidou1millionayearforthebrandandtheuseofthe
collection.[31]

Asia

InajointproposalwiththeSolomonR.GuggenheimMuseumpresentedin2005,theCentrePompidouplanned
tobuildamuseumofmodernandcontemporaryart,designandthemediaartsinHongKong'sWestKowloon
CulturalDistrict.[32]In2007,thethenpresidentBrunoRacineannouncedplanstoopenamuseumcarryingthe
Pompidou'snameinShanghai,withitsprogrammingtobedeterminedbythePompidou.Thelocationchosen
forthenewmuseumwasaformerfirestationintheLuwandistrict'sHuaihaiPark.However,theschemenever
materialised,reportedlyduetothelackofalegalframeworkforanonprofitforeigninstitutiontooperatein
China.[33]OtherprojectsincludethePompidousjointventurewiththeKingAbdulazizCentreforWorld
Culture,anartscomplexincorporatingamuseuminDhahran,thebuildingofwhichhasstalled.[26]

NorthAmerica

InApril2014,PompidoupresidentAlainSebanconfirmedthatafterMalaga(Spain),Mexicowillbethenext
siteforapopupPompidouCentre.[30]

SouthAmerica

TherehavebeenrumoursofapopupPompidousatellitemuseuminBrazilsinceAlainSebanannouncedthe
planforthesetemporarylocationsbackin2012.[33]AtatalkonsatellitemuseumsattheGuggenheimon24
April2014,AlainSebansuggestedthatBrazilmaybethethirdcountrytoahostatemporarysatellitemuseum,
afterSpainandMexico.[30]

Management
Presidents

since2015:SergeLasvignes
20072015:AlainSeban
20022007:BrunoRacine
19962002:JeanJacquesAillagon
19931996:FranoisBarr
19911993:DominiqueBozo
19891991:HlneAhrweiler
19831989:JeanMaheu
19801983:JeanClaudeGroshens
19771980:JeanMillier
19761977:RobertBordaz

Funding

Asanationalmuseum,theCentrePompidouisgovernmentownedandsubsidisedbytheMinistryofCulture
(64.2%ofitsbudgetin2012:82.8on129million),essentiallyforitsstaff.TheCultureMinistryappointsits
directorsandcontrolsitsgestion,whichisneverthelessindependent,asEtablissementpubliccaractre
administratifsinceitscreation.In2011,themuseumearned$1.9millionfromtravellingexhibitions.[34]

Establishedin1977astheinstitution'sUSphilanthropicarm,theGeorgesPompidouArtandCulture
Foundationacquiresandencouragesmajorgiftsofartanddesignforexhibitionatthemuseum.[35][36]Since
2006,thenonprofitsupportgrouphasbroughtindonationsof28works,collectivelyvaluedatmorethan$14
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million,andpurchasedmanyothers.[37]In2013,NewYorkbasedart
collectorsTheaWestreichWagnerandEthanWagnerannouncedtheir
intentiontodonateabout300worksby27Europeanandinternational
artiststotheCentrePompidou,therebymakingoneofthelargestgifts
intheinstitutionshistory.[38]

Useinfilmandtelevision
GordonMattaClarkConicalIntersect,1975.MattaClarks PartoftheexpositionsintheCentre
contributiontotheParisBiennale1975.[39]
RobertoRossellini,Beaubourg,centred'artetdeculture,1977.[40]AdocumentaryabouttheCentre
whichexploresthebuildinganditssurroundingsonitsopeningday.ItwasRossellini'sfinalfilm.
LewisGilbert,Moonraker,1979.AfifthfloorroomofthebuildingfeaturedastheofficeofHolly
Goodhead(playedbyLoisChiles),inthe1979JamesBondfilmMoonraker,whichinthefilmwas
scriptedasbeingpartofthespacestationofthevillainousHugoDrax(MichaelLonsdale).[41]
ElectricLightOrchestra,"CallingAmerica"musicvideo,1986.ELOisshownperformingthesongin
frontoftheCentre.
ClaudePinoteau,L'tudiante,1988.
RichardBerry,L'Art(dlicat)delasduction,2001.
JamesIvory,LeDivorce,2003.
LaurentTirard,Mensongesettrahisons,2004.
ricetRamzy,SeulsTwo,2008.
JJBurnel"EuromanCometh",1979.ThealbumcovershowsJJBurnelstandinginfrontoftheCentre.

Publictransport
NearbyMtrostations:Rambuteau,LesHalles
RER:ChteletLesHalles

Seealso
ListofmuseumsinParis

References
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lectures,bookshops,workshops,restaurants,etc:
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2/9/2017 CentreGeorgesPompidouWikipedia

37.SuzanneMuchnic(May3,2009),CentrePompidou
Foundation:L.A.'sFrenchconnection(http://www.lati
mes.com/entertainment/news/arts/lacapompidou320
09may03,0,4670511.story)LosAngelesTimes
38.CarolVogel(March15,2012),NewYorkCouples
GifttoEnrichTwoMuseums(http://www.nytimes.co
m/2012/03/16/arts/design/hundredsofworkstogoto
whitneymuseumandpompidoucenter.html)New
YorkTimes
39.TheGuggenheimcollection(http://www.guggenheim.
org/newyork/collections/collectiononline/artwork/52
11)
40.RobertoRossellini,FilmingBeaubourg,Museud'Art
ContemporanideBarcelona(http://www.macba.cat/e
n/exhibitionfilmingbeaubourg)
41."Moonraker(1979)".TheInternetMovieDatabase.
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Externallinks
Officialwebsite(http://www.centrepompidou.fr)
WikimediaCommonshas
Bibliothquepubliqued'informationwebsite(http://www.bpi.fr)
mediarelatedtoCentre
EncyclopaediaBritannica,PompidouCentre(http://www.britanni GeorgesPompidou.
ca.com/EBchecked/topic/469506/PompidouCentre)
ParisPagesMuseNationald'ArtModerne(https://web.archive.org/web/20060316202304/http://www.
paris.org:80/Musees/Art.Moderne/)
LeCentrePompidouetsonrayonnement(http://sites.google.com/site/centregeorgespompidou/)
Photographs(https://web.archive.org/web/20031026183643/http://www.insecula.com:80/musee/M0128.h
tml)
PreviewofPompidouMetzextensionatSpecifierMagazine(http://www.specifier.com.au/projects/muse
ums/31569/ArtOnTheMarchTheLouvreLensandThePompidouMetz.html)
Dossier:RichardRogers+Architects,exhibitionattheCentrePompidou,2007(https://web.archive.org/
web/20090424022301/http://www.centrepompidou.fr:80/education/ressources/ENSRogersEN/ENSRo
gersEN.html)
EnglishlanguagesiteonCentrePompidou(http://www.centrepompidouparis.com)
PhotosynthexperienceCentreGeorgesPompidou(http://photosynth.net/view.aspx?cid=1044ce4879a7
43c89621af7360aa0bb4&m=false&i=0:0:49&c=1.00318:0.158247:0.867891&z=687.595893969878
&d=0.119905625716022:2.88534528005647:1.15623249290489&p=0:0&t=False)

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