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ISO 2010 All rights reserved

ISO TC 238/WG 2 N 57
Date: 2010-12-16

ISO/WD xxxxx-3

ISO TC 238/WG 2

Secretariat: SFS

Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 3: Graded wood

briquettes

Warning

This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Document type: International Standard

Document subtype:
Document stage: (20) Preparatory
Document language: E

STD Version 2.2

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Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... v
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 1
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 2
4 Symbols and abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 2
5 Specification of graded wood briquettes ............................................................................................ 3
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO XXXXX-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels, Working Group WG 2, Fuel
specifications and classes.

ISO XXXXX consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and
classes:

Part 1: General requirements

Part 2: Graded wood pellets

Part 3: Graded wood briquettes

Part 4: Graded wood chips

Part 5: Graded firewood

Part 6: Graded non-woody pellets

Part 7: Graded non-woody briquettes

Although these product standards may be obtained separately, they require a general understanding of the
standards based on and supporting ISO xxxxx-1. It is recommended to obtain and use ISO xxxxx-1 in
conjunction with these standards.

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Introduction
The objective of this International Standard is to provide unambiguous and clear classification principles for
solid biofuels; to serve as a tool to enable efficient trading of biofuels; to enable good understanding between
seller and buyer as well as a tool for communication with equipment manufacturers. It will also facilitate
authority permission procedures and reporting.

This International Standard is made to support the use of graded wood briquettes specifically for the
domestic/householder markets and smaller commercial and public sector applications, where sensitivity to the
fuel quality can cause major issues. These consumers need special consideration for the following reasons:

Small-scale equipment does not usually have advanced controls and flue gas cleaning
Appliances is not generally managed by professional heating engineers
Appliances are often located in living and populated districts
NOTE Wood briquettes produced according to this European Standard can be used in stoves, fireplaces, cookers,
roomheaters and multifired sauna stoves, which are tested according to European standards EN 13229, EN 12815, EN
12809, EN 13240 , EN 15250 and prEN 15821, and boilers systems tested according to EN 303-5 (< 500 kW th).

ISO 2010 All rights reserved v

WORKING DRAFT ISO/WD xxxxx-3

Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 3:

Graded wood briquettes

1 Scope

This International Standard determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded wood briquettes.
This International Standard covers only wood briquettes produced from the following raw materials (see ISO
xxxxx1, Table 1):
1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood
1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry
1.3 Used wood
NOTE For the avoidance of doubt, demolition wood is not included in the scope of this International Standard.
Demolition wood is used wood arising from demolition of buildings or civil engineering installations.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies (references will be changed to ISO standards when published).

ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions (under preparation)

EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture
Reference method

EN14774-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture
Simplified procedure

EN 14775, Solid biofuels Determination of ash content

prEN 14778, Solid Biofuels Sampling

prEN 14780, Solid Biofuels Sample preparation

EN 14918, Solid Biofuels Determination of calorific value

EN 14961-1, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements

FprEN15104, Solid Biofuels Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen Instrumental
method

FprEN 15105, Solid Biofuels Determination of the water soluble content of chloride, sodium and potassium

EN 15150, Solid Biofuels Determination of particle density

FprEN 15234-1, Solid Biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 1: General requirements

prEN 15234-3, Solid Biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use

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FprEN 15289, Solid Biofuels Determination of total content of sulphur and chlorine

FprEN 15297, Solid Biofuels Determination of content of minor elements

prEN 16127, Solid Biofuels Determination of length and diameter for pellets and cylindrical briquettes

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.

3.1
wood briquette
densified biofuel made with or without additives in the form of cubiform or cylindrical units, produced by
compressing pulverised biomass

NOTE 1 The raw material for wood briquettes is woody biomass in accordance with Table 1 of ISO xxxxx-1.

NOTE 2 Biofuel briquettes are usually manufactured in a piston press, with the total moisture content usually being less
than 15 % of the mass.

3.2
additive
material which improves the quality of the fuel (e.g. combustion properties), reduces emissions or makes
production more efficient.

3.3
chemical treatment
chemical treatment in this International Standard is defined as any treatment with chemicals other than air,
water or heat (e.g. glue and paint). Examples of chemical treatment are listed in ISO xxxxx-1.

3.4
commercial application
facility that utilise solid biofuel burning appliances or equipment that have the similar fuel requirements as
residential appliances.
NOTE Commercial applications should not be confused with industrial applications, which can utilise a much wider
array of materials and have vastly different fuel requirements.

4 Symbols and abbreviations

The symbols and abbreviations used in this International Standard comply with the SI system of units as far as
possible.
d dry (dry basis)
ar as received
w-% weight-percentage
A Designation for ash content [w-%, dry basis] 1
1
D Designation for diameter as received, D [mm]
3
DE Designation for particle density as received [g/cm ]
1
L Designation for length as received, L [mm]

1 Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels in the Table1. For designation of
chemical properties chemical symbols like S (sulphur), Cl (chlorine), N (nitrogen) are used and the value is added at the
end of the symbol.

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1
M Designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, Mar [w-%]
Q Designation for net calorific value as received, qp,net,ar [MJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t] at constant
1
pressure
3 3
NOTE 1 MJ/kg equals 0,2778 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm equals 1 kg/dm .

5 Specification of graded wood briquettes

The specification of the wood briquettes is stated in accordance with Table 1. The sampling and analysis of
the properties shall be carried out in accordance with the methods mentioned in the normative references.

Property class A1 and A2 represents virgin woods and chemically untreated wood residues. A1 represents
fuels which are low in ash, nitrogen content, while class A2 has slightly higher ash and nitrogen content.
Property class B allows chemically treated industrial wood by-products and residues and used wood.

Chemically treated wood residues from wood processing and used wood are included in class B as long as
they do not contain heavy metals or halogenated organic compounds as a result of treatment with wood
preservatives or coating. In case of raw materials belonging to 1.2.2 and 1.3.2 (chemically treated wood
according to ISO XXXXX-1 Table 1) the actual origin of the raw material shall be closer described, e.g. 1.2.2,
Residues from laminated wood production.

A B C
D D D

L1 L1 L1
L1
D
L2 L3

L3
L3 E F
L2 L2
L1
L1

Key
D Diameter L Length

Figure 1 Dimension of briquettes

If the properties being specified are sufficiently known through information about the origin and handling (or
preparation method combined with experience) then physical/chemical analysis may not be needed.

To ensure resources are used appropriately and the declaration is accurate, use the most appropriate
measure below:

1) using typical values, e.g. laid down in annex B of ISO xxxxx-1, or obtained by experience;
2) calculation of properties, e.g. by using typical values and considering generally accepted and
documented specific values;
3) carrying out of analysis:
a) with simplified methods if available,
b) with reference methods.
The responsibility of the producer or supplier to provide correct and accurate information is exactly the same
whether laboratory analysis is performed or not. Typical values do not release the producer or supplier from
providing accurate and reliable information.

The quality shall be given either in the product declaration or by a corresponding label on the package.

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Table 1 Specification of graded wood briquettes

a
Property class Units A B
Analysis method
1 2
a 1.1.1 Whole trees 1.1 Forest,
Origin and source 1.1.3 Stemwood
without roots plantation and other
1.2.1 Chemically 1.1.3 Stemwood virgin wood
untreated wood 1.2 By-products
residues 1.1.4 Logging
residues and residues from
1.1.6 Bark wood processing
industry
1.2.1 Chemically
untreated wood 1.3 Used wood
residues
Diameter (D) or length mm Diameter , width and Diameter, width and Diameter, width and
(L1), width (L2) and height length to be stated length to be stated length to be stated
(L3),
Shape Specify shape according Specify shape Specify shape
prEN 16127 to Figure 1 according to Figure 1 according to Figure 1
e.g. A or B, etc. e.g. A or B, etc. e.g. A or B, etc.
Moisture, M, EN 14774-1, as received, w- M12 < 12 M15 < 15 M15 < 15
EN 14774-2 %
Ash, A, EN 14775 w-% dry A0.7 < 0,7 A1.5 < 1,5 A3.0 < 3.0
3
Particle density, DE, g/cm DE1.0 > 1,0 DE1.0 > 1,0 DE0.9 > 0,9
Normative

EN15150
b < 2 w-% < 2 w-% < 2 w-%
Additives w-% dry
Type and amount to Type and amount to Type and amount to
be stated be stated be stated
Net calorific value, Q, as received,
EN 14918 MJ/kg or Q15.5 > 15,5 or Q15.3 > 15,3 or Q14.9 > 14,9 or
kWh/kg Q4.3 > 4,3 Q4.25 > 4,25 Q4.15 > 4,15
Nitrogen, N, FprEN 15104 w-% dry N0.3 < 0,3 N0.5 < 0,5 N1.0 < 1,0
Sulphur , S, FprEN 15289 w-% dry S0.03 < 0,03 S0.03 < 0,03 S0.04 < 0,04
Chlorine, Cl, FprEN 15289 w-% dry Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.03 < 0,03
Arsenic, As, FprEN 15297 mg/kg dry <1 <1 <1
Cadmium, Cd, mg/kg dry < 0,5 < 0,5 < 0,5
FprEN 15297
Chromium, Cr, mg/kg dry < 10 < 10 < 10
FprEN 15297
Copper, Cu, FprEN 15297 mg/kg dry < 10 < 10 < 10
Lead, Pb, FprEN 15297 mg/kg dry < 10 < 10 < 10
Mercury, Hg, FprEN 15297 mg/kg dry < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1
Nickel, Ni, FprEN 15297 mg/kg dry < 10 < 10 < 10
Zinc, Zn, FprEN 15297 mg/kg dry < 100 < 100 < 100
a
Class B is not recommended for baking ovens.
b
. Type of additives to aid production, delivery or combustion (e.g. pressing aids, slagging inhibitors or any other
additives like starch, corn flour, potato flour, vegetable oil,). Also additives which are used after production, before
unloading to end-user storages, shall be stated similarly (type and amount).

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Bibliography

[1] EN 13229, Inset Appliances Including Open Fires fired by Solid Fuels Requirements and Test
Methods

[2] EN 12815, Residential cookers fired by Solid Fuel Requirements and Test Methods

[3] EN 12809, Residential independent boilers fired by solid fuel Nominal heat output up to 50 kW-
Requirements and Test Methods

[4] EN 13240, Room heaters fired by Solid Fuels Requirements and Test Methods

[5] EN15250, Slow heat release appliances fired by solid fuel Requirements and test methods

[6] EN 303-5, Heating boilers. Part 5: Heating boilers for solid fuels, hand and automatically stocked,
nominal heat output of up to 500 kW. Terminology, requirements, testing and marking

[7] prEN 15821, Multifiring sauna stoves fired by solid fuel Requirements and test methods

ISO 2010 All rights reserved 5