Lead Acid Battery Simplified Simulink Model Using Matlab

MATLAB Version
Lead-Acid Battery
Simplified Simulink Model
using Matlab
Bee Technologies
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1

Contents
1. Benefit of the Model

2. Model Feature
3. Simulink Model of Lead-Acid Battery
4. Concept of the Model
5. Pin Configurations
6. Lead-Acid Battery Specification (Example)
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic
6.1.1 Charge Time Characteristic (Simulation Circuit)
6.1.2 Charge Time Characteristic (Simulation Settings)
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
6.2.1 Discharge Time Waveform - 50Ah (0.1C discharge)
6.2.5 Discharge Time Characteristic (Simulation Settings)
6.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
6.3.1 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic (Simulation Circuit)
6.3.2 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic (Simulation Settings)
7. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
7.1.1 Charge Time Circuit - NS=3
7.1.2 Charge Time Waveform - NS=3
7.2.1 Discharge Time Circuit - NS=3
7.2.2 Discharge Time Waveform - NS=3
7.3 Charge & Discharge Time (Simulation Settings)
8. Port Specifications
Simulation Index

1. Benefit of the Model
The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize Lead-Acid

battery runtime and circuit performance.
The model can be easily adjusted to your own Lead-Acid battery

specifications by editing a few parameters that are provided in the
datasheet.
The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation
time.

2. Model Feature
Battery Circuit Model
This Lead-Acid Battery Simplified Simulink Model is for users who require
the model of a Lead-Acid Battery as a part of their system.
Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level (SOC) Characteristic, that can
perform battery charge and discharge time at various current rate conditions,
are accounted by the model.
As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are
neglected.

3. Simulink Model of Lead-Acid Battery
PLUS
1
2
MINUS
Equivalent Circuit of Lead-Acid Battery Model using Matlab

4. Concept of the Model
Lead-Acid battery
+
Simplified Simulink Model Output
[Spec: C, NS] Characteristics
Adjustable SOC : 0-100(%) -

The model is characterized by parameters: C, which represent the battery
capacity and SOC, which represent the battery initial capacity level.
Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as a behavioral
model.
NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Lead-Acid cells are in series
to increase battery voltage level.
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5. Pin Configurations
Model Parameters:
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
e.g. C = 1, 50, or 100 [Ah]
Probe
SOC NS is the number of cells in series
e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells
battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent

e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%),
SOC=100 for a full charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world)

into a second(in simulation)
e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min (in the real
world) into a second(in simulation),
TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a
second.
From the Lead-Acid Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
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6. Lead-Acid Battery Specification
(Example)
Table 1
Battery capacity is input
as a model parameter Nominal Voltage 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell
Capacity 50Ah
Rated Charge 0.1C10A
Voltage Set 2.23 [Vdc] /Cell
Charging Time 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
The battery information refer to a battery part number MSE Series of GS YUASA.
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6.1 Charge Time Characteristic
Datasheet Simulation
%SOC
Voltage Set=2.23V
Voltage Set: 2.23V /Cell

Charging Current: 5.0A (0.1C Charge)
Charging Time: 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
Current: 5A (0.1C10A)
(Second)
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6.1.1 Charge Time Characteristic
Simulation Circuit
Charging Current
Input Voltage
Over-Voltage Protector:
(Charging Voltage 1) - VF of Diode
SOC=0 means battery
starts from 0% of
capacity (empty)
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6.1.2 Charge Time Characteristic
Simulation Settings
Table 2: Simulation settings

Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 100000
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000
NumberNewtonIterations 1
MaxStep 10
MinStep auto
MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
SolverType Variable-step
SolverJacobianMethodControl auto
ShapePreserveControl DisableAll
ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings
ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive
SolverResetMethod Fast
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6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.1C, 0.23C, 0.65C and 1.0C discharge rates.
Datasheet
Battery starts from 100% of capacity (fully charged)
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6.2.1 Discharge Time Waveform
50Ah (0.1C discharge)
0.1C discharge (5A)
(Second)
Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell

Capacity: 50Ah
0.1C discharge (5.0A)
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(Second)

Capacity: 50Ah
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(Second)

Capacity: 50Ah
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1.0C discharge (50A)
(Second)

Capacity: 50Ah
1.0C discharge (50A)
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6.2.4 Discharge Time Characteristic
Simulation Settings

Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 36000, 13932, 3420, 1836
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxStep 10
MinStep auto
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
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6.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
Datasheet Simulation
1.2
Mesurement
@25C
Simulation
1.0
(% of Rated Capacity)
0.8
@25C
0.6
0.4
0.2
Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell 0.0

Capacity: 50Ah 0 1 2 3
0.1C, 0.25C, 0.6C, 1.0 and 3.0C (discharge rates)
Discharge Rate (Multiples of C)
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6.3.1 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
Simulation Circuit
Battery voltage vs. SOC are simulated at 0.1C, 0.25C, 0.6C and 1.0C discharge rates.
Discharge Current
Battery starts from

100% of capacity
(fully charged)
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6.3.2 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
Simulation Settings

Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 36000, 12600, 3780, 1836
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxStep 10
MinStep auto
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
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7. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
Lead-Acid needs 3 cells

to reach this voltage level
The number of cells
in series is input as
Basic Specification
a model parameter
Voltage - Rated 6.0 [Vdc] /Cell
Capacity 100Ah
Rated Charge 0.1C10A
Voltage Set 2.23V*3 [Vdc] /Cell
Charging Time 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
Voltage Rated 6
NS
Lead - Acid Nominal Voltage 2.0
The battery information refer to a battery part number MSE-100-6 of GS YUASA.
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7.1.1 Charge Time Circuit
NS=3
Number of Cells
Charging Current
Input Voltage
1 hour into a second (in Over-Voltage Protector:

simulation) (Voltage Set 3) - VF of Diode
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7.1.2 Charge Time Waveform
NS=3
The battery needs 24 hours to be fully charged
Voltage Set=6.69V
Current: 10A (0.1C)
(hour)
Voltage Set: 2.23V 3

Capacity: 100Ah
Charging Current: 10A (0.1 Charge)
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7.2.1 Discharge Time Circuit
NS=3
Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.1C discharge rate.
Number of Cells Discharge Current
1 hour into a second

(in simulation)
Nominal Voltage: 2.0V 3

Capacity: 100Ah
Discharge Current: 10A (0.1C)
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NS=3
Nominal voltage: 6.0V 10A (0.1C)
(hour)
Nominal Voltage: 2.0V 3

Capacity: 100Ah
Discharge Current: 10A (0.1C)
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7.3 Charge & Discharge Time
Simulation Settings

Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 24, 10
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxStep 0.1
MinStep auto
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
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8. Port Specifications
Table 6
Parameter Simulink Simscape
NS O
C O
TSCALE O
%SOC O
VSOC O
PLUS O
MINUS O
Battery Model
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Simulation Index
Simulations Folder name
1. Charge Time Characteristic.................................................. Charge_Time

2. Discharge Time Characteristic.............................................. Discharge_Time
3. Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic................................................... Discharge_SOC
4. Charge Time Characteristic NS=3...................................... Charge_Time(NS)
5. Discharge Time Characteristic NS=3.................................. Discharge_Time(NS)
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Lead Acid Battery Simplified Simulink Model Using Matlab

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Lead Acid Battery Simplified Simulink Model Using Matlab

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MATLAB Version

All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1

1. Benefit of the Model

All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 2

The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize Lead-Acid

The model can be easily adjusted to your own Lead-Acid battery

All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3

Battery Circuit Model

All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 4

Equivalent Circuit of Lead-Acid Battery Model using Matlab

Adjustable SOC : 0-100(%) -

SOC is the initial state of charge in percent

TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world)

Rated Charge 0.1C10A

Voltage Set 2.23 [Vdc] /Cell

Charging Time 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A

Voltage Set: 2.23V /Cell

Table 2: Simulation settings

Battery starts from 100% of capacity (fully charged)

0.1C discharge (5A)

Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell

0.23C discharge (11.5A)

Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell

0.65C discharge (32.5A)

Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell

1.0C discharge (50A)

Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell

Table 3: Simulation settings

Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell 0.0

Battery starts from

Table 4: Simulation settings

Lead-Acid needs 3 cells

Rated Charge 0.1C10A

Voltage Set 2.23V*3 [Vdc] /Cell

Charging Time 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A

The battery information refer to a battery part number MSE-100-6 of GS YUASA.

1 hour into a second (in Over-Voltage Protector:

The battery needs 24 hours to be fully charged

Current: 10A (0.1C)

Voltage Set: 2.23V 3

Number of Cells Discharge Current

1 hour into a second

Nominal Voltage: 2.0V 3

Nominal voltage: 6.0V 10A (0.1C)

Nominal Voltage: 2.0V 3

Table 5: Simulation settings

Parameter Simulink Simscape

Simulations Folder name

1. Charge Time Characteristic.................................................. Charge_Time

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