Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
ATHENIAN
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS
CONDUCTED BY
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
VOLUME V
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
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POTTERY
OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
CHRONOLOGY
BY
HENRY S. ROBINSON
ss
SAP IA
OR At
1959
S
quantities of pots and potsherds of Roman times, derived in part from occupationlevels and
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
destruction debris, in part from more than one hundred distinct deposits, such as wells, cisterns,
graves, building fills, etc.' Of this mass of pottery, over five thousand vessels and fragments of
vessels have been entered in the excavation inventory; a still larger quantity has been stored
in tins and wooden trays for future study and for the control of current studies. In preparingthe
publication of this material it has been necessary to recognize two facts: the very abundance of
the pottery from this one site necessitates a highly selective treatment; and the Agora pottery
itself must serve as the basis for establishing the chronologicaland typological sequence of most
of the ceramic output of the eastern Mediterraneanin Roman times. The present volume deals
with some 850 specimens from eight major deposits and attempts by means of them to establish
both a relative and an absolute chronology for the Roman wares of Athens. A subsequent
volume, subtitled Typology, will contain detailed analyses of the various local and imported
wares as well as a typological catalogue of coarse household and storage vessels. No attempt will
be made to catalogue all the inventoried pottery of Roman date.
The Roman pottery of the Agora excavations was first investigated by Frederick 0. Waage
and the late Arthur Parsons, to both of whom the author is greatly indebted for personal
communications and for the use of important notes. The study of the fine early Roman wares
(Pergamene, Samian and Arretine), which will form a portion of the second volume, was
entrusted to the writer in 1939 by the late Professor T. Leslie Shear, at that time Director of
the Athenian Agora Excavations. The material for the present volume was gatheredin 1951-1953
and in the summer of 1955; during these periods the writer held a Fulbright Research Grant at
the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1951-1952), membership in the Institute
for Advanced Study, Princeton (1952-1953), and two grants-in-aid from the Penrose Fund of
the American Philosophical Society; assistance was also received from the Faculty Research
Committee of the University of Oklahoma.To these organizationsthe writer is deeply indebted,
as also to the many colleagues without whose encouragement,advice and practical guidance the
work could never have been completed. Particular gratitude is due to the Directors of the
American School of Classical Studies and of the Athenian Agora Excavations, Professors
John L. Caskey and Homer A. Thompson; to Miss Lucy Talcott, for her excellent counsel at
every stage of the investigations; to Miss Alison Frantz, who undertook so successfully the
often painful task of photography; to Miss Mabel Lang, for many fruitful discussions of the
storage vessels and for the reading and interpretation of the graffiti and dipinti; to Miss Judith
Perlzweig, whose knowledge of the lamps of the Roman period has been invaluable; to Mrs.
Aliki Halepa Bikaki, to whose sure hand are due the majority of the drawings (the author is
1 See Index of Roman Deposits, pp. 123-127.
vi THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
SEPTEMBER
15, 1957
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
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PREFACE..................................... ............. V
INTRODUCTION
.............................................
1
GROUP
F ............................. ....... ............ 10
G .............
GROUP ......... ...... . ........ .. 22
.. .....
GROUPH
....H............................ .................. 46
J .................................................
GROUP 50
GROUPK ................................................. 58
GROUP L ................................................... 73
GROUP M
I ................... ..... .... 82
.................. ...
N
GROUP
..............................................121
INDEX OF ROMAN DEPOSITS ................................. 123
Plate
46 Lamps. GroupM
47 Lamps. GroupsG, J and M
48 TerracottaFigures. GroupsG-M and CollateralDeposits
49 ArchitecturalMembers.GroupsG, K and M and CollateralDeposits
50 Terracottaand Wood. GroupsG-M
51 Buckets of Wood, Bronzeand Lead. GroupsJ, L and M
52 Sculpture.GroupsG, H and M
Stone Objects. GroupsH, K, L and M
53 Bronze,Iron and Lead. GroupsG, J-N
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
A. J. A. AmericanJournalof Archaeology.
Antioch,I Antiochon-the-Orontes, I, The Excavationsof 1932, ed. GeorgeW. Elderkin,Prin-
ceton, 1984.
Antioch,IV, 1 Antiochon-the-Orontes, IV, 1, Ceramicsand Islamic Coins,ed. Frederick0. Waag6,
Princeton, 1948.
A. S. O. R. Suppl. Studies AmericanSchoolof OrientalResearch,SupplementaryStudies.
AthenianAgora The AthenianAgora, Results of Excavationsconductedby the AmericanSchoolof
ClassicalStudiesat Athens.
vol. I. Evelyn B. Harrison, PortraitSculpture,Princeton, 1953. (See below,
Harrison,Sculpture).
vol. II. MargaretThompson,CoinsfromtheRomanthroughthe VenetianPeriod,
Princeton, 1954. (See below, Thompson,Coins).
vol. IV. RichardH. Howland,GreekLampsand theirSurvivals,Princeton,1958.
(See below, Howland,Lamps).
vol. VI. ClairBveGrandjouan,Terracottasof the RomanPeriod,in preparation.
(See below, Grandjouan,Terracottas).
vol. VII. Judith Perlzweigand ClaireveGrandjouan,Lampsof theRomanPeriod,
in preparation.(See below, Perlzweig, Lamps and Perlzweig-Grand-
jouan, Lamps).
Ath. Mitt. MitteilungendesDeutschenarch6iologischenInstituts,AthenischeAbteilung.
B. C. H. Bulletin de correspondancehelldnique.
Beth-Shan GeraldM. Fitzgerald, Beth-ShanExcavations1921-1923, The Arab and Byzantine
Levels,Philadelphia,1931. (See also below, Comfort-Waag6,B-S.).
Bonn. Jahrb. BonnerJahrbiicher.
Broneer,Lamps Corinth,vol. IV, ii.
B. S. A. Annual of the British Schoolat Athens.
Charleston,Rom. Pot. R(obert) J. Charleston,RomanPottery,London,Faber and Faber, 1955.
Chase,Boston GeorgeH. Chase, Catalogueof ArretinePottery (Museumof Fine Arts, Boston),
Boston, 1916.
Chase,Loeb GeorgeH. Chase,TheLoebCollectionof ArretinePottery,New York, 1908.
C. I. L. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum.
Comfort, Arret. Howard Comfort, "De Collectione .. vasculorum arretinorum ..," Memoirs of the
American Academy in Rome, VII, 1929, pp. 177-219.
Comfort, Minturnae Howard Comfort, "Terra Sigillata from Minturnae," A. J. A., XLVII, 1948, pp.
818-8330.
Comfort, Signatures Howard Comfort, "Arretine Signatures found in the Excavations in the Theater
District of Corinth," A. J. A., XXXIII, 1929, pp. 484-501.
Comfort, Suppl. Sigs. Howard Comfort, "Supplementary Sigillata Signatures in the Near East," Journal
of the American Oriental Society, LVIII, 1988, pp. 80-60.
xii THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
Comfort,T. S. Howard Comfort, art. "Terra Sigillata," in Pauly-Wissowa,R. E., suppl. VII
(1940),cols. 1295-1852.
Comfort-Waag6, B-S. Howard Comfortand Frederick0. Waag6, "Selected Pottery from Beth-Shan,"
PalestineExplorationFund QuarterlyStatement,1936, pp. 221-224. (See also above,
Beth-Shan).
Corinth Corinth,Resultsof Excavationsconductedby theAmericanSchoolof ClassicalStudies
at Athens.
vol. IV, ii. Oscar Broneer, TerracottaLamps, Cambridge, Mass., 1934. (See
above, Broneer,Lamps).
vol. XII. GladysR. Davidson, TheMinorObjects,Princeton,1952. (See below,
Davidson,MinorObjects).
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Davidson,MinorObjectsCorinth,vol. XII.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Lang, DatedJars Mabel Lang, "Dated Jars of Early Imperial Times," Hesperia, XXIV, 1955, pp.
277-285.
Oberaden,I Das Ri6merlager in Oberadenund das Uferkastellin Beckinghausenan der Lippe
(Ver6iffentlichungen aus dem stlidtischen Museumfiir Vor- und Friihgeschichte,
Dortmund, Band II), Heft 1, Bodenbefund,Miinzen, Sigillaten und Inschriften,
ed. ChristophAlbrecht,Dortmund,1988.
Ohlenroth,Rdtien LudwigOhlenroth,"ItalischeSigillatamit Auflagenaus Riitienund dem rbmischen
Germanien."Archdologisches Institut des DeutschenReiches, R6misch-germanische
Kommission,24./25. Bericht, 1934/1935,pp. 234-254.
Olbia T. Knipowitsch,Die Keramikr6mischer Zeitaus Olbiain derSammiungderEremitage
(Materialienzur r6misch-germanischen Keramik,vol. IV, 1), Frankfurta. M., 1929.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
British Museum,London,1908_.
INTRODUCTION
it becomes possible to establish (as Thompson has demonstrated in connection with Hellenistic
pottery5), a general chronologicalframeworkwithin which fit the numerous local and imported
wares of the Roman period. The eight groups here catalogued were chosen because they seemed
to offer more satisfactory and abundant evidence for typology and chronology than the others
available up to 1953.6 Evidence from other groups will be adduced as required to supplement
that of the major eight;7 but in general it will be found that the groups not reported here
duplicate the material from Groups F to N8 without adding significantly to the information
which the latter make available. Within the eight groups studied considerableoverlapping will
be observed (especially in the case of GroupM, a stratified well filling which covers almost the
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
entire Roman period and which is most important from the point of view of relative chronology).
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This overlapping seems justified, however, by the typological completeness which it makes
possible.
Group F, which is dated in the last three quarters of the 1st century B.C., represents the
beginning of the Roman period from the ceramic standpoint. In the Hellenistic period the fine
pottery in use in Athens xyas predominantly of black glaze and of local manufacture;9 this
tradition was maintained without seriousinterruptionuntil the early 1st century B.C. In 86 B.C.
Roman troops under Sulla breached the walls of Athens between the Sacred Gate and the
Piraeus Gate and sacked the city.10It is logical to suppose that the potters' quarter, lying in the
line of march of the Roman troops toward the Agora, sufferedseverely at this time. Many of the
potteries were doubtless destroyed; many potters, with their families, if they had been fortunate
enough to survive the famine of the siege-days, may have fallen a prey to the slaughter wreaked
by Sulla's soldiers on those early March days when Athenian blood flowed in the streets of the
market and the Kerameikos. Such a supposition is certainly strengthened by the nature of the
Athenian ceramic output of the generations immediately following the sack of 86 B.C.: the
good black glaze of earlier days is almost totally lacking, and the fine "pinkish buff" clay which
had characterized Attic vases for many centuries is replaced by different, and in many cases
inferior, fabrics. Further, the importation of fine wares from Italy and the East increases
considerablyas the quality of the local wares declines in the latter half of the century. Because
of this sharp break in pottery styles occurringafter the sack of Athens by Sulla's troops, it has
seemed appropriate to select the year 86 B.C. as the arbitrary dividing point between the
Hellenistic and Roman periods in the history of Attic ceramics.
The end of the Roman period, again from the point of view of pottery production, will be
placed at that point (not yet clearly defined in terms of chronology) when the dull paints of
late Roman pottery gave way to the lustrous glazes associated with Byzantine times. As this
change takes place after the early years of the 7th century of our era, it may perhaps be
associatedwith that time at which Runcimansays "the Roman empireturns the cornerto
Byzantinism."''Not all historianswill allowthat the "Byzantine"periodas such beginsat so
late a date; yet for ceramicpurposes,the changewhich then took placein methodsof manu-
facturemarksthe end of the Romanand the beginningof the Byzantineera.
Betweenthese two extremeslies one importantpointderepure,the year 267, in whichAthens
was invadedby the Heruli.The extent of the damagecausedby their sack of the city has been
demonstratedin the Agora,the Pnyx and the Kerameikos.'2Theimmediatephysicaleffectwas
the destructionof portionsof the city wallsand of manyhomesand publicbuildingswhichlay
in ruins,unoccupied,for someyears.Not long afterthe sack,perhapsin the time of the emperor
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Probus(276-282),the fortificationsof the city wererepairedand reducedin extent, the new line
embracinga small area directlynorth of the Acropolis.13 The old GreekAgorawas left outside
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the walls, its buildingsin ruinsand the ruinsalreadypillagedfor the constructionof the new
defenses.The wells whichservedthese buildingswere abandoned--somefilledwith debrisand
ultimatelycoveredby laterstructures,others,thoughunused,keptopenpendingthe reoccupation
of what had long been the center of the civic and intellectuallife of the city. Large scale
activity in the Agora was not resumeduntil probablythe early 5th century. It is unlikely,
however,that the entire populationof the city could have been accommodatedwithin the
narrowexpanseof the new fortifiedarea. Doubtlesssome of the populationmoved back very
soon onto the slopes of the Areopagusand into the old market-square,possiblyas squatters,
builttheirhuts withinthe ruinsof the olderhouses,equippedthemfromthe damagedfurnishings
whichthey pulledout fromunderfallenwalls and suppliedthem with waterfromthe old well
shafts. Thehistoriesof the two wellswhichsuppliedGroupsL and M pointto this reawakening
of life in the region.
Economicreactionto the sack by the Heruli was apparentlynot so far-reachingas might
have been expected.The coinagein circulationwithin the city showsno appreciable,prolonged
decline,14and althoughthe importationof foreignpottery fell off sharply,the local ceramic
industryremainedvigorous.The schoolsof Athens, at least duringthe 4th century,enjoyeda
period of great renownand prosperity,'5which culminatedin the early 5th century in the
construction,overthe ruinsof the Odeionof Agrippa,of a largecomplexof Universitybuildings.e6
With the closingof the schoolsof Athensby Justinianin 529, the intellectuallife of the pagan
city cameto an end; andwith the departureof the philosopher-teachers andtheironcenumerous
band of auditors,the city suffereda loss of prestige and prosperityfrom which it did not
recoveruntil Byzantinetimes.
Thechangingfortunesof the city duringthe sevencenturiesof the Romanperiodarereflected
in the ceramicoutput of the local potteries and in the quantity, quality and source of the
foreignwaresimportedinto Athens.The secondvolumeof this study will attemptto relate the
historyof the city to the severalindividualwaresor fabricswhichwill therebe analysed.In the
presentvolumehistoricalmatterwill be introducedonly insofaras it aids in the establishment
of the generalchronologicalsequenceof the Attic and non-Atticwaresused in the city.
"I
S. Runciman, Byzantine Civilisation, London, 1933, p. 40.
12Hesperia, XIX, 1950, p.
134; Thompson, Coins, p. 2; Harrison, Sculpture, pp. 90-92; Kiibler, Kerameikos, p. 101;
Hesperia, XII, 1943, pp. 370-372; Day, Ec. Hist., pp. 258-261.
13 See the plan by John Travlos, 1950 (1951), pl. A (fol. p. 52).
14
Thompson, Coins, pp. 2-3, andTTpa-rtxd&,
chart of coinage ratios, p. x.
15 Day, Ec. Hist., pp. 258-268.
16 H. A.
Thompson, Hesperia, XIX, 1950, pp. 134-139. For contemporary constructions of similar purpose in the Academy
and the Library of Hadrian, lTpaxcmKd, 1950 (1951), pp. 53-56; on the south slope of the Acropolis, B.C.H., LXXX, 1956,
pp. 232-234.
1*
GLOSSARY
In the descriptionof objectsin the catalogue,the followingabbreviations,descriptiveterms
and conventionshave been employed:
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
NUMBERS OF OBJECTS
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During the course of excavation, each object uncoveredwhich was thought worthy of
recordreceivedan inventory numberprecededby a letter or letters which indicated its
categomy or material,as shownbelow. For the purposesof this study, the objects from each
of the eight groupshave ,receivedadditional,arbitrarycataloguenumbersprecededby the
groupletter. In the text and cataloguewhich follow, group numbersare printed in bold
face type, inventory numbersin regulartype; in the plates, where type distinctionis not
made, a few inventory numbersare precededby "Inv." in order to avoid confusionwith
group numbers.
InventoryNumbers
The letters precedinginventorynumbersindicatecategoriesor materials,as follows:
A - Architecture
B - Bronze
BI - Bone and Ivory
G - Glass
I - Inscriptions
IL - Iron and Lead
L - Lamps
MC- MiscellaneousClay Objects
P - Pottery
S - Sculpture
SS - Stamps and Seals
ST - Stone
T - Terracotta
W - Wood
CatalogueNumbers
Cataloguenumbersprecededby A, B, C, D, E referto HellenisticGroupsA-E (Thomp-
son, H. P.).
Cataloguenumbersprecededby F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N referto RomanGroupspublished
in this volume.
Cataloguenumbersset within loweredbracketsindicate objects whose provenanceis
other than that of the Roman Groupsas such (see above, p. 2, note 7)
GLOSSARY 5
ABBREVIATIONS
H. height (unlessotherwisespecified,the height is measuredfrom foot to
lip and does not includeprojectionof handleabove the lip)
D. diameter(unlessotherwisespecified,this measurementis taken at the
point of maximumdiameter)
W. width
Th. thickness
L. length (in the case of lamps,the lengthis measuredto includethe handle
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
and nozzle)
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DESCRIPTIVE TERMS
Glaze- This termhas been interpretedfreely. The glaze of Arretineand of some Samian
potterymay trulybe saidto rivalthe best Attic glazesof the 6th and5th centuriesB.C.
Mostotherglazesof the Romanperiodare dull and thin; thereis no reason,however,
to think that their basic chemicalcompositionis differentfrom that of the Attic or
Arretinealkalineglazes-their inferiorqualityis due to poormixing,thin application
or poorlycontrolledfiring,or to a combinationof these factors.
The absence of referenceto glaze in the descriptionof an object in the catalogue
indicatesthat the piece was not glazed; whereglaze is described,tbh object will be
presumedto be glazedoverall(in the case of closedvesselsand lamps,this meansthe
entire exteriorsurface).The additionof the term "partial"to a descriptionof glaze
signifiesthat on the exteriorof the vessel the glazeis limitedto the upperpart (thus,
an open vessel, such as a bowl or plate, if partiallyglazed,has glaze on the interior
and on the upperpart of the exteriorsurface).
Slip - This term is appliedto a coatingof thinnedclay appliedin almostliquid state to
the surfaceof a vessel beforefiring.Slips are frequentlyto be found on non-glazed
vessels, especiallythe smaller-sizedjugs and amphorae;the presenceof slip is readily
detectedin many caseswhereit showsa tendencyto flakeaway fromthe body of the
vase. Generallythe slip is of the same coloras the body (self-slip);occasionallyit has
a differentcolorwhichis probablydue to the use of a differentclay mixture.The slip
was presumablyappliedafter the vase had reachedthe leather-hardcondition,when
it was given its final turning.It is not impossiblethat the slip was employedin the
hope of concealingsome of the inequalitiesof surfaceleft by carelessturning.
Mattwhite slip - This termis appliedto a relativelythick coatingof dull, white slip used
particularlyon local incenseburners(as HII15, M 74, M 224). Such vessels are often
of gray clay, not carefullyturned; the slip may have been intendedto concealthe
poor quality and color of the body, but it is itself remarkablyfugitive.
6 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
Double-dipping- The open vessels of Pergamene and Samian ware were normally glazed
by dipping one half the circumferenceof the vessel into the glaze basin, then turning
the piece 1800 and dipping the other half; as a result, the two immersions into the
glaze usually overlapped slightly, leaving a narrow streak of darker glaze running
across the surface inside and out. This double-dipping process was not employed on
other Roman or on Hellenistic wares, though most pottery of the Roman era was
probably glazed by dipping (a single immersion) rather than by painting.
Wheel-ridging- In the throwing process the potter's finger tip or knuckle, or a blade with
rounded end, held against the exterior of the body and moved up or down as the
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
vessel revolves on the wheel, creates a spiral groove and spiral ridges about the body
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(P1.13, K 81). Usually, in the course of turning, these grooves and ridges are eliminated
by the pressureof a wooden blade against the surface. The potter of Roman times often
removed these irregularities only over part of the body (often just above the base,
the turning of which of necessity involved the smoothing of the surface immediately
above), leaving the wheel-ridgesexposed over the balance of the surface (P1.14, K 82).
In some cases the ridges were merely flattened in the turning process (P1. 13, K 64);
in others, as in numerous jugs of the 3rd century and later, the wheel-ridges were
neatly executed and were retained as a form of decoration (P1. 13, K 69-70).
Spiral grooving - By the use of an instrument with a narrow end or even a point, the
potter may produce ridges which are close-set and sharp (P1. 34, M 371, shoulder).
This spiral grooving generally covers the upper portion of the body; in some instances
the ridges between the groove-lines are partially flattened in the turning process, as in
the case of wheel-ridging. This form of decoration appears in the 4th century and
becomes common in the 5th and 6th.
Combing- On some vessels of the 6th and 7th centuries a decoration of parallelhorizontal
or wavy lines was obtained by holding the points of a fragment of comb against the
pot as it revolved on the wheel. This practice, of great antiquity in the Near East,'
is still followed by some Athenian potters of the present day.
Gouging- Another form of decoration on later wares consists of lines cut into the exterior
surface of the vessel, after turning, by means of a round-nosed blade or chisel. The
lines are often vertical or oblique, carelessly incised all around the body (P1. 30,
M 292-293, M 298-299); occasionally they are used to create neat patterns of "leaves"
or "trees" (P1. 81, [M 312]). Gougeddecoration is rare before the time of the Herulian
sack of Athens (cf. K 32, M 116, [IM157]).
Foot types - The following terms, used to describe feet of vessels in the catalogue, are
illustrated by profile drawingson Plates 73 and 68:
1. Ring foot - a foot which is clearly set off from the wall on the exterior and from
the base on the interior (P1. 73, G 13, G 82, M 94).
2. False ring foot - a foot which is set off from the base on the interior but which on
the exterior forms the termination of the wall (P1. 73, G 21, M 176).
3. Pedestal foot (P1. 63, Gr45).
4. Tubular foot (P1. 73, P 822).
1 On gray Minyan ware in Troy VI (Blegen, Caskey, and Rawson, Troy, vol. III, The Sixth Settlement,Princeton, 1953,
p. 46, fig. 312, no. 37.1038 and passim); also reported in Troy VIII (Prof. Cedric Boulter). Cf. also J.H.S., LII, 1932, p. 5.
GLOSSARY 7
Base types - The term "base"is used to meanthat part of the undersurfaceof the vessel
whichlies insidethe line of the foot (or,in the absenceof foot, the restingsurfaceof the
pot, as J 19, N 1-11). Fourspecialtypes of base, listed below,are illustratedby profile
drawingson Plates 73 and 60:
1. Offsetbase - the base is separatedby one or moreridgesfromthe inside surface
of the foot (P1.60, F 3, F 12 and F 14).
2. Conicalbase - the base, instead of being flat, has the shape of an invertedcone
(P1.73, G 82 and P 822).
3. Moulded base- duringturningthe baseis markedby alternatingbroad,concentric
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
visiblein the photographsof J 51, [J 46] and J 50 on P1. 11). Such holes are found
commonlyin amphoraeandjars of the 2nd centuryand later. Mrs.Evelyn Smithson
informsme that similar re-use of medium-sizedoinochoaioccurredin the Proto-
geometricand early Geometricperiodsin Athens.
Mastic- Winestoragejars frequently(andsmalleramphoraeandjugs occasionally)were
linedon the interiorwith a resinoussubstance,the residueof whichis foundsettledin
a thick mass at the bottom of the vessel and in a thin coatingover the wall (P1.35,
M 99). This substanceis generallyblack in color, with a glossy surface,and very
brittle;whenchipped,it flakesawayreadily;whenheated,it gives off a pungentodor.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
CONVENTIONs
Dates - Dates are to be understoodas of the Christianera unlessotherwisespecified.
Measurements- All measurementsare given in meters (the "m." is omitted in the
descriptionsof the objects).
Descriptions- Detailed descriptionof the shape of a vessel is often omitted when the
shapeis clearfrom the photographor profiledrawing.
Color- As all color descriptions,those used in the followingcatalogueare boundto be
deceptiveto the reader.Uniformityin coloridentificationcan be achievedonlythrough
the use of a standardcolorchart yet the use of such a chartis unsatisfactory,except
2 ,
On the use of mastic and other resins by the ancients for flavoring their wines (both in casks and jars) see: Dioscurides,
Mat. Med., V, 34; Cato, De Agri Cultura, XXIII; Pliny, Nat. Hist., XII, 72, XIV, 120-124, 127-128, 134, XVI, 53-58,
XXIII, 45-46; Columella, XII, 18, 23-24. It is perhaps questionable whether the method of flavoring with resin described by
Cato would leave so considerable a deposit in the jars as that which can still be found in many from the Agora excavations;
but the preliminary lining of the jars with pitch would certainly do so (Cato and Columella, loc. citt.). With the ancient
name of the resin-flavored wine, Arl-nvrlMs, compare the modern A'rrovra.
3 As the
Murnell Soil Color Charts,prepared by the Munsell Color Co., Baltimore, Md.
GLOSSARY 9
CRossREFERENCES
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
appears to have been constructedin the early 3rd century B.C.;2 it went out of use ca.
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Cupwithout handles.The wall rises obliquelyfrom roulettingaroundthe body at the point of maximum
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
a very low ring foot; an offset rim curves inward diameter: P 16717 (Deposit N 21:1) and P 17015,
towardthe top and terminatesin a small, evertedlip. Plate 39; comparealsoH 10. A vessel of similarshape
A horizontal groove at the base of the rim and from tomb 94 of the Personacemeteryat Ornavasso
another at the base of the wall; horizontalbands of was found together with a jug bearingon its handle
rouletted decorationaroundthe body. a plantaformstamp which should be dated no earlier
than the Tiberian period (see below, p. 26, G 37;
F 21. BRITTLEWAREBEAKER. Ornavasso,pp. 248-249, pl. XXII, 18).
P 8934. P.H. 0.082; D. at base of rim est. 0.082.
F 27. GRAY WARE PLATE. P1.62.
Fragmentary;rim missing.
Fabric, shape and decorationas F 20. P 11838. H. 0.037; D. rest. 0.19. Fragmentary,
center of floormissing; restored.
F 22. BRITTLEWAREBEAKER. P1. 1. Gray clay; gray-blackglaze.
P 8985. P.H. 0.078; D. at top of wall est. 0.10. A circularband of roulettingnear center of floor.
Profileof upper half preserved. This shape does occur before 86 B.C.: compare
Hard, reddish clay; thin fabric. E 154 and two largerplates of buff clay with metallic
Cup without handles, as F 20-21, but the offset black glaze which are from the upper fill of this
rim is vertical. Closely spaced, horizontal bands of cistern but are certainly contemporary with the
rouletting on the body. lower, pre-Sullanmaterial (P 11814-11815).
F 23. THORNWARE BEAKER FRAGMENTS. P1. 1.
P 8937. P.H. (est. from the two largerfragments) MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES
0.068. Threesmall, non-joiningfragmentsof rim and
upperwall; lip missing. F 28. BOWL. P1. 64.
Fine, hard, reddish brown, micaceous clay, fired P 11832. H. 0.09; D. 0.247. Muchof wall and rim
gray-blackon exterior; thin fabric. restored.
Presumably from a beaker in
resembling shape Pinkishbuff clay; lustrousglaze,firedred to black.
F 20-22. Both rim and wall decoratedwith wedge- The low rim, tilting inward, served as a flange to
shapedprojections which have given to this fabricthe hold a lid, now missing. No trace of handles.
name "thornware"; cf. G 2. The same shape occurs in P 21736, a bowl from
Deposit R 10:1.
F 24. BARBOTINE BEAKER FRAGMENTS. P1. 1.
P 11857.Two small,non-joiningfragmentsof wall; F 29. BowL, TWO HANDLES, STAMPED. P1. 64.
max. dim. 0.041. P 11846. H. 0.076; D. at lip 0.182. One handle and
Fine, hard, reddish buff clay, fired gray on upper part of wall restored.
part of exterior (as F 18); thin fabric. Hard, fine, brittle, dark buff clay; dull, black glaze
Presumably a beaker as P 9815 (P1. 39), which (partial), fired reddish brown in part on exterior.
comes from Deposit M 18:1 (construction filling). Two horizontal handles, bent upward at the outer
F 24 is decorated with small barbotine dots on the extremity of the loop. At center of floor, three large,
wall (reconstructed pattern, P1. 1). irregular, stamped palmettes (as F 30-31).
In shapeand fabricF 2940 are very similarto the
F 25. BARBOTINE JUG. P1. 1. bowls D 17-18 of the 2nd century B.C. and to
P 8915. H. rest. 0.089; D. at lip rest. 0.078. another of the 1st century after Christ, G 51. D 17-18,
Fragmentary, base missing; restored. however, are deeper than the Roman examples and
Hard, gray clay; gray-black glaze with slight lack the stamped decoration ofF 29-31. Two fragments
metallic luster (partial). of similar bowls from early Roman contexts have on
14 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
the floor,in additionto the palmettestamps,appliqu6 F 37. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. P1.65.
frogs (P 6915 and P 20456, Pl. 39). For a rim and P 11865. H. 0.035; D. est. 0.17. Fragmentary.
handle fragment from Siphnos, see B.S.A., XLIV, Micaceous,pinkish buff clay; center of floor fired
1949, p. 68, no. 16, pl. 21, 23, fig. 11,1. a darkercolor as a result of stackingin the kiln.
F 30. BOWL, TWOHANDLES, STAMPED. P1. 1. F 38. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. P1. 1.
P 8904. H. 0.075; D. at lip 0.19. Fragmentary; P 11820. H. 0.034-0.043; D. 0.172. Fragmentary;
restored. restored.
Fabric as F 29; brownishblack glaze with faint Clayas F 37; reddishglaze (partial).
metallic luster, fired reddishon exteriorof rim. Shape as F 37.
Shape as F 29. At center of floor, four palmettes,
apparentlystamped with the same die as that used F 39. PLATE, INVERTEDLIP. P1. 1.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
of similar shape (H. 0.137) but with spurredhandle as G 98) was found in a tomb at Ornavasso,Italy, in
(as that of G 2) has been found in an inhumation conjunction with an assis of Augustus, struck by
cemetery at Ornavasso,Italy, in conjunction with M. Maecilius Tullus, ca. 13 B.C. (tomb 121 of the
silver denarii of M. Baebius (ca. 150-125 B.C.) and Personacemetery;Ornavasso,pp. 266-267,pl. XXIII,
of Q. Fabius Labeo (ca. 102-100 B.C.); see Ornavasso, 3). F 48 was foundin the channelconnectingthe two
pp. 46, 98, pl. XVII, 7, fromtomb 7 of the S. Bernardo cisterns N 19:1 and N 18:1; the piece is associated
cemetery;also Willers,Neue Untersuchungen ilberdie with the upperfill of N 19:1 (GroupF) becauseof the
rom.Bronze-industrie vonCapuaundNiedergermanien, fact that fragments of other vessels from the same
Hannover, 1907, pp. 11, 13-19, fig. 12, 7. channelwerefound to join fragmentsfrom the upper
fill of the cistern proper.
F 45. JUG, BUFF SLIP. Pl. 1.
P 9288. H. 0.205; D. 0.17. Parts of body and of F 49. UNGUENTARIUM.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
P1.2.
handle missing; restored. P 8790. H. 0.175; D. 0.0738.Complete.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Hard, fine, buff clay; yellow-buff slip (partial); Hard, brittle, gray-blackclay; warpedin firing.
no trace of glaze or of other decoration. Ovoid body on small ring foot; tall neck with
Globularbody on ring foot; broadlip, flat on top; everted lip.
handle markedby single ridge. Note the absence here of the cylindrical stem
Jugs of this shape and fabric occur also in the 1st above the foot such as characterizesF 48 and the
century after Christ(P 11217, from Deposit B 13:1); Hellenistic fusiformunguentaria.CompareG 96.
duringthe first half of that centuryvessels of similar
form appear occasionally,decoratedwith barbotine F 50. BULBOUS UNGUENTARIUM.
ornament (P 14678; P 10714 [Deposit E 14:2, use P1. 2.
P 9084. P.H. 0.062; D. 0.046. Neck missing.
filling], the "Goblin Jug," Hesperia, VII, 1938, Hard, reddishbuff clay.
pp. 347-348, fig. 31; cf. also Hill, Journal of the Bulbous body with flat base. For the complete
WaltersArt Gallery, IX, 1946, pp. 68-79; J.H.S.,
shape see G 98.
LXXIV, 1954, p. 175, pl. XI, b). This form of toilet bottle characterizesthe late 1st
century before and the 1st century after Christ
F 46. MUG. PI. 63. (cf. G97-98, M 6-7, of threesimilarunguentaria
P 22682. P.H. 0.063; P.D. 0.097. Most of base and from the Persona [M8];
cemetery at Ornavasso,one was
part of wall preserved;partly restored. found in conjunction with a coin of Augustus,
Hard, somewhat coarse clay, mottled pink and anotherin conjunctionwith a jug, the handleof which
gray, predominantlygray at surface. is marked with a stamp of the potter Magnus in
Cylindricalbody, swelling at bottom of wall; flat planta pedis and which is thereforeprobably of the
base. Traces(2) of attachmentfor a handle, set high Tiberian period or later
[see below, p. 26, G 37]
on the wall (ca. 0.055 above base). -Ornavasso, pl. XXVI, 11, 12, 13, from tombs 69,
26 and 94, pp. 235-236, 211, 248-249). Bulbous
F 47. MuG. unguentariawere occasionallyglazed on the interior
P 8948.P.H. 0.064; P.D. 0.105.Fragmentary;most (as P 1956)and wereusuallyglazedabout the mouth,
of wall missing. inside and out. Rarer, large unguentaria of fabric
Fabric and shape as F 46. No trace of handle similar to F 50 and with interior glaze, but on ring
preserved. foot, occur in Augustan fillings (P 8480, 8481 and
8482, all from Deposit Q 13:1; see compositerecon-
F 48. FUSIFORMUNGUENTARIUM. P1.2. structed profileon P1. 73). During the latter part of
P 9814. H. rest. 0.845; D. 0.181. Edge of foot the 1st Christiancentury blown glass toilet bottles
broken away; restored. (as M156, M 106), which are so common a feature of
Roman burials in the eastern Mediterranean as also
Hard, buff clay with some mica.
Fusiform body with neatly turned ring foot; in western Europe,14seem to have driven the pottery
conical base. vessels from the market; clay unguentaria do not
The fusiform shape is characteristic of Hellenistic occur in deposits of the 2nd century and later,
unguentaria, as A 64-65, B 6-7 and 44, C 76-77, though M 369 appears to represent a recurrence of
D 77-78, E 137-138; F 48, however, has a plumper the clay bottle in the 6th century.
body than the Hellenistic specimens and is striking
for its large size and ring foot-the Hellenistic 14 Morin-Jean, La verrerieen Gaule sons l'empire Romain,
unguentaria have flat bases and usually range in Paris, 1913, forms 22, 26, 39, pp. 73-79, 91; Hardin, Roman
Glass from Karanis, Ann Arbor, 1936, pp. 265-274 (Class B
height between 0.075 and 0.20. An unguentarium of toilet bottles); Neuburger, Glass in Antiquity, London,
similar to F 48 (H. 0.28; small ring foot; neck glazed 1949, p. 42, fig. 82.
16 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
COARSE WARES
HOUSaHOLD (cf. P 12154, cited underF 55); F 58 may be earlier
F 51. SHALLOW BOWL. P1.65. than the mass of materialin the upperfill of Deposit
N 19:1.
P 11864. H. 0.049; D. rest. 0.168. Fragmentary;
restored. F 59. JuG. P1. 1.
Yellow-buffto pinkish buff, micaceousclay. Base P 8902. H. 0.117; D. 0.101. Part of lip restored.
left roughfrom wheel. Hard, reddishclay; yellow-buffslip.
Thereis no recordof the depth at whichF 51 was Plump,ovoid body on flat base; roundmouthwith
found in the cisternfilling (see p. 10). everted lip; handlerises above lip.
F 52. SHALLOWBOWL. F 60. DEEP BOWL. Pls. 2, 72.
P 11863. H. 0.045; D. rest. 0.16. Fragmentary; P 11883. H. 0.17; D. 0.285. Fragmentary;
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
restored. restored.
Gray-buffto buff clay.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
The broad,round-bodiedbowl terminatesabove in Until the late 4th century the jars have but one
a flat-topped lip, set off by a deep groove on the handle, always markedby splayed attachmentsand
exterior; below, the body narrowssharply into the a single,broad,verticalgroove;with the changefrom
tapering spout. Single, horizontal, flat handle just tubular to pointed foot, a second splayed handle is
below the lip. added. These jars are generally lined with mastic
For a Hellenisticparallel,see E 136;laterspecimens resin; they frequentlybear a dipintoor graffitobelow
are to be seen in P 21752 (Augustanfillingof Deposit the handle.15They were presumablyused as shipping
R 10:1), M 9 (middleof 1st centuryafter Christ)and containersfor wine; the Agoraspecimensoften have
M 119 (early 3rd century). a fillinghole brokenin the shoulder,testifying to the
re-use of the jars for drawing water. Jars of the
F 64. FUNNEL. Pls. 2, 19. typically brown or black micaceous and laminated
P 11894.H. 0.232; D. 0.847; D. spout at base 0.105. fabric, which is found first in [J 46], occur over a
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Fragmentary; restored. Broken in antiquity and wide areain the easternMediterranean;I have noted
repaired with lead clamps, attachment holes for specimens at Kourion on Cyprus (University of
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
which are present in some of the fragments. Pennsylvania excavations), from Nubia (in Cairo:
Hard, buff clay; thick fabric. W. B. Emery, The Royal Tombs of Ballana and
The broad, deep bowl terminates above in an Qustul,Cairo,1938, type 13a, p. 390, pl. 111; also an
incurvinglip; the cylindricalspout is extremelywide imitation of this shape in bronze, likewise from
and short and is separatedfrom the bowl by a pro- Nubia, ibid., cat. no. 781, p. 355, p. 125, pl. 93B) and
jecting collar. from Tarsus(Tarsus,I, no. 797, figs. 162, 205). A jar
It is possible that the spout was originallylonger found at Haltern, the site of a trans-Rhenishfort on
and at the time of the ancient repair was trimmed the Lippe river (occupied11 B.C.-A.D. 16), appears
down to its present length of 0.035. It seems more to belong to this series and to occupy a typological
likely, however, that the spout retains its original position between our F 66 and [J 461 (Haltern,1,
length and that the funnel was designed for use in pp. 292-293, type 90, fig. 47). An apparentlysimilar
filling some standard-sizecontainerinto whose neck jar is reportedin Spain (presumablyfrom Baetica:
the spout would fit closely, with the collarresting on G. E. Bonsor, An ArchaeologicalSketch-bookof the
the container-lip.The funnel spout is too wide to fit Roman Necropolis at Carmona, New York, 1931,
into the necks of most Hellenistic storageamphorae, no. 108, p. 138, pl. LXXXI).
but it does fit readily in the necks of some amphorae
of the 1st century after Christ,as [M 14]. F 66. JAR, ONE HANDLE. P1. 2.
P 11870. H. 0.477; D. 0.261. Fragmentary;
F 65. JAR, ONE HANDLE. Pls. 2, 41. restored.
P 11871. H. 0.443; D. 0.256. Parts of lip, handle Fine, hard, buff to pinkish buff clay with some
and body restored. mica; self-slip.
Hard, reddish buff, micaceous clay, the surface Shape as F 65, but the body does not taper quite
much pitted. so much above the foot, and the point of maximum
Tapering, ovoid body on neatly turned, flaring diameter lies lower on the body.
ring foot; short neck with spreadinglip, flat on top; F 67. JAR, ONE HANDLE. P1.2.
single vertical handle, marked by a groove which P 8903. H. 0.443; D. 0.342. Intact.
occupiesthe full width of the outer surface. Fine, hard, light buff clay; self-slip.
F 65-66 represent the earliest stage in a long Plump body on low, false ring foot; taperingneck
successionof micaceousjars, the subsequentstages of with thickenedlip, flat on top; vertical, flat handle.
which can be seen in G 107, [J 46], J 47, L 60-651,
and in a series from Group M: 45--46, 125-126, F 68. JUG FRAGMENT. Pls. 1, 42.
240-242, 255-259, 275-282, 307, 335, 373. For P 20514. P.H. 0.17; D. neck est. 0.105. Fragment
detailed illustration of feet and necks, see Plate 41. of shoulder, neck and handle.
In the course of development of this type of jar, Pinkish buff clay with grits; micaceous, buff slip.
the pronounced shoulder of F 65 disappears and a From the sloping shoulder of a one-handled (2)
plump, fusiform shape occurs ([J 46]); this in turn vessel; vertical, twist handle.
becomes steadily more slender in the succeeding F 69. AMPHORA. P1. 2.
centuries. The neatly turned foot of F 65 becomes
P 11873. H. rest. 0.334; D. 0.12. Fragmentary;
narrower in [J 46j and then turns into the charac- base missing; restored on the basis of F 70.
teristic tubular foot seen in M 255; subsequently, in
15 Miss Mabel
the specimens of the end of the 4th century and later, Lang has studied these inscriptions (Lang,
Dated Jars, pp. 277-285) and has identified one class of
the foot, though remaining hollow, tapers toward the
graffiti as representing dates according to the Actian era
bottom and is sometimes almost closed at the tip. (M 45, M 46, M 125).
2
18 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
POT.
P 11909. H. rest. 0.295; D. 0.342; D. lip 0.228. A close parallel to this lid is found in P 14481
A few portions,includingthe base, restored. (Pl. 38), which comesfrom the early 1st century B.C.
Clay as F 81. filling of Deposit M 20 :1; for parallels of the 1st
Almostglobularbodywith flaringrimandthickened century after Christ, see G 124, P 17148 (Deposit
B 20:1; Pl. 38) and P 15564. The notches, lugs and
lip. Onehorizontalhandle,roundin section and tilted holes were employedwith a rope device
upward; one vertical, flat handle with single ridge. whichpresumablyserved to anchor the lid firmlyover the rim of a
Two horizontalgrooves at level of the attachmentof
the horizontalhandle. large pithos or storage jar. P 17148 is adornedwith
relief patterns, is also a much earlier specimen,
as
Compare G 116 and P 7974 (Deposit R 13:1, T
516, which derivesfrom Thompson'sGroupB (not
upper filling, Augustan).
publishedwith the pottery of that Group).
F 85. COOKINGPOT. PIs. 3, 72. F 90. LARGE BASIN, WITH SPOUT. P1. 2.
P 11908.H. 0.18; D. 0.238; D. lip 0.173. Fragmen- P 11887. H. 0.085; D. rest. 0.60. Over one-half
tary; restored. missing; restored.
Clay as F 81. Rather soft, coarse, reddishclay with large grits;
Shape as F 84, but the base is flattened. traces of dull, red paint inside and on spout.
Thereis no recordof the depth at which F 85 was
Extremelylarge,shallowbasin with flat base; low,
found in the cistern filling (see above, p. 10).
slightly flaringwall and plain lip, flat on top. Groove
on top of lip and another at top of wall inside. A
F 86. COOKING LID. P1.4.
heavy, broad spout (not bridged)projects from the
P 11896. H. 0.066; D. 0.274. Fragmentary; wall
just above floor-level.
restored. Thereis no recordof the depth at which F 90 was
Hard, coarse,buff to gray-buffclay with grits. found in the cistern filling (see above, p. 10).
Coverin the form of a very broad, low cone, with
plain lip and a central round knob, flat on top. F 86 F 91. LARGE VAT (2). P1.4.
might have served as a lid for a casserolesuch as F 76. P 8938. H. 0.365; D. rest. 0.60; D. base 0.43. About
one-quarterof rim, more than half of floor and a
F 87. COOKINGLID. P1.4. considerablepart of wall and shelf missing; partly
P 11897. H. 0.054; D. rest. 0.193. Fragmentary; restored.
restored. Hard, coarse, reddish to buff clay with large grits.
Hard, coarse, gray-brown clay with grits. Traces of three stripes of white paint on the shelf,
Shape as F 86. radiating toward the wall.
Large, deep basin with flat bottom, vertical walls
F 88. COOKINGPOT (?) FRAGMENT. P1. 4. and lip thickened toward the exterior. At the front,
P 11891. P.H. 0.14; D. rest. 0.205. About one-half over a width of about 0.33 (nearly one-quarter of the
restored; the top of the vessel seems to have been circumference), the wall is reduced to a height of only
cut away in antiquity along the line of the present 0.205. At the base of the wall, beneath this opening,
preserved upper edge. a vent, 0.015 in diameter, apparently used for draining
Coarse, buff to reddish buff clay with large grits; the contents of the vat. Diametrically opposite, at the
reddish slip on exterior. base of the wall in back, a similar vent set at a slight
Globular body; there appear to be traces of the angle upwards toward the exterior, where, around the
lower attachment of a vertical handle about 0.055 vent, are traces of an additional member (a funnel-
below the present top edge. like mouth for pouring liquids in from above ?). On
2'
20 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
the interior, extending around two-thirds of the easternMediterranean and exampleshave penetrated
circumference(at back and sides), a shelf 0.13 wide, as far east as Arikamedu(Pondicherry)on the eastern
raised0.06 above the floor and supportedby several coast of India.e1
struts of clay. On one side, a large horizontal,flat
handle; on the other side, but not diametrically F 94. STORAGEAMPHORA, RHODIAN. P1. 8.
opposite,traces of anotherhandle. P 11878.H. 0.85; D. 0.28. Fragmentary;restored.
The purposeserved by this vat is obscure;it may Rather fine, buff clay; self-slip.
have been designedas a foot-bathin whichhot water, Slenderbody taperingto a narrowtoe with knob;
poured in from the outside funnel and spreading lip marked by deep groove on exterior. Pointed
slowly over the floor, could cool somewhat before handles,roundin section (not stamped).
coming in contact with the bather's feet resting on Jars of this type seem relatedin fabric and shape
the shelf.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
size (D. base est. 0.32) appearedin Deposit C 18:8, on the stamped specimens. CompareP 21780 and
a filling contemporarywith the lower fill of the 21781, similaramphoraefrom the Augustanfillingof
presentDeposit (N 19:1). Deposit R 10:1, and a neck fragment from Arika-
F 92. STORAGEAMPHORA,DIPINTO. medu.17Fragments of such amphoraeoccur also in
PIe. 8, 59. GroupG, Layer Ha (uninventoried).
P 9670. P.H. 0.86; D. 0.309. Fragmentary;one
handle and tip of toe missing; partly restored. F 95. STORAGE AMPHORA. P1.8.
Fine, hard, reddishbuff clay. P 11879. P.H. 0.615; D. 0.33. Fragmentary;
Ovoid body, tapering sharply toward toe; plain,
handles and part of neck missing; partly restored.
rounded lip, marked by a groove on the exterior;
handlesroundin section. On shoulder,inscriptionin Light red, micaceousclay; buff slip.
Ovoidbody, moreplumpthan F 92-94, with short,
black paint, readinguncertain.
blunt toe; slight angle between shoulderand wall;
F 93. STORAGEAMPHORA, COAN. P1. 8. handleswere oval in section.
P 11880. H. 0.878; D. 0.325. Fragmentary;
restored. F 96. STAMPED AMPHORA HANDLE, KNIDIAN. Pl. 86.
Buff to pinkishbuffclay, buffto greenishbuffslip. SS 6711. Max. dim. 0.079. Upper part of handle
Slenderbody taperingat bottom to a short, blunt only preserved;part of stamp missing.
toe; shoulderset off from wall at an angle and from Rectangular stamp on top surface of handle:
neck by a deep groove (which probably marks the amphora,[K]WaEvl Irriless. I owe the reading to Miss
joint between separately made neck and shoulder Virginia Grace, who considersthis stamp to belong
sections,as in G 198); shortneck with plain,rounded to the 1st century B.C., subsequentto Sulla's sack
lip; double rolled handles (not stamped). of Athens. For a generalstudy of Knidianamphorae
This type of jar is considered to be of Coan (primarilyHellenistic) see V. Grace, Hesperia, III,
manufacture.It is found distributedthroughoutthe 1934, pp. 241-275; Grace,in Pnyx, 11, pp. 144-164.
Rim: as F 99. Nozzle triangular. Base concave. Rim plain; base flat. Howlandno. 571, type 44 A.
Solid lug on left edge of rim. Howlandno. 718, type F 104. LAMP.
52 C. L 3225. D. rim est. 0.08. Severaljoining and non-
joining fragmentspreservepart of discus and body;
F 101. LAMP. PI. 44. base missing.
L 2721. L. rest. 0.129; W. 0.081; H. 0.034. Handle Soft, gritty, gray-buffclay; traces of dull, orange-
and parts of rim and nozzle missing; restored. brownglaze.
Hard, reddish clay; reddish glaze, fired brownish Narrowrim (as M 19) set off from discus by two
black on underside. grooves. Discus concave and decorated in relief:
Rim: as F 99-100. Nozzle triangular with five nude male figure (preservedfrom shoulderto thigh),
grooves along top. Raised lip all around rim and facing left. Volutes at either side of nozzle, against
nozzle. Base concave and undecorated. Howland rim.Thenozzleterminatedeitheras G 150 or as G 151.
no. 736, type 52 E. A lamp of Broneer's type XXII. Perlzweig.
GROUP G
18STAND 2ND CENTURIES
about 6.30 m.; at some time duringthe Roman period,however,its depthwas increasedto
11.50m. andit was subsequentlyfilledwith debrisconsistingof stonesand brokenpottery(the
filling of the eastern cistern is not treated here). The passage connectingthe two cisterns,
2.40 m.-2.80 m. in height, was,at its mid-point,walledacrossby a barrier1.80 m. high; this
barrierwas piercedby a channelplaced0.60 m. abovethe floorof the passage.The purposeof
barrierand channelwas to controlthe flow of waterfrom one cisternto the other duringthe
monthswhen the water supplywas low. The structureswhich the two cisternsservedare no
longer preserved,for the surfacein the vicinity of the cistern-mouthsis occupied by the
foundationsof a Byzantinebuilding,the constructionof whichobliteratedearlierarchitectural
remains.Thedate of constructionof the cisterns,however,is indicatedby the fewbits of pottery
foundin the basinof the westernchamber;these, of the 3rdcenturyB.C.,areso few in number
and so fragmentarythat none have been catalogued.
The historyof the fillingof the westernchamberseemsto be as follows:immediatelyoverthe
floor, whereit perhapsaccumulatedduringthe use of the cistern, was a filling (LayerI -
G 1-7) containingpottery and lamps of the early 1st or even of the 2nd centuryB.C. Sub-
sequentlythe cisternwent out of use (perhapsfollowingthe sackin 86 B.C.)and not long after
the middleof the 1st centuryafter Christthe chamberwas filled (LayerII - G 8-165) to a
depthof about 1.75 m. (reachingas muchas 2.25 m. at one side)with debriscontaining(along
with brokenpottery,lampsand otherobjectsof householduse) numerousfragmentsof painted
wall stucco,somewith mouldedornament;tracesof ash wereobservedin this blackfill. Fifteen
coinswerefoundin LayerII, the latest a denariusof Tiberius(A.D.26-37).2 At a still laterdate,
probablyat the end of the 1st or in the early 2nd centuryafter Christ,the chamberwas filled
to the top, againwith buildingdebriscontainingbrokenpiecesof paintedstucco and of terra-
cotta windowtiles. This fill (LayerIII - G 166-212), primarilyreddishin color, contained
tracesof burning,as LayerII. Noneof the elevenbronzecoinsfromLayerIII is significantfor
chronology;but the parallelismbetweencertainvesselsof this Layer (as G 176, 188, 191, 197)
and othersof GroupJ and of LayerIII of GroupM suggeststhe early 2nd centurydate.
It seemspossible,on the basisof the potteryandlamps,that LayerII shouldbe dividedinto
two portions:Layer IIa, to a depth of about 1.15 m. from the bottom, thrownin duringthe
first quarterof the 1st century after Christand containingspecimensof Arretineware with
rectangularpotter'sstamps(as G33, q.v.,and G34); andLayerIIb, to a depthof about1.75 m.
from the bottom, thrown in twenty-fiveto forty years later and containingthe Tiberian
1 This cistern complex was excavated between March 23rd and
April 26th, 1937.
2 As H.
Mattingly, Coins of theRoman Empire in the British Museum, I, London, 1923, p. 126, no. 52 (pl. 23,6 and p. cxxx);
Thompson, Coins, no. 18. The other coins were issues of much earlier date and of no chronological significance in this Layer.
GROUP G 28
denarius mentioned above along with specimens of Arretine ware of latest Augustan or Tiberian
times (as G 37, with plantaform stamp, and G 38).3 But in view of the many imponderables
involved in the fall of debris when dropped through a narrow cistern mouth into the wider
storage space below, it is unwise to insist upon a narrowly defined stratigraphy in any cistern
filling. For that reason, the two subdivisions of Layer II are not separately listed in the following
catalogue; those pieces, however, which derive from the lower 1.15 m. of fill (i.e. Layer Ha) are
marked with an asterisk.
The channel leading eastward from the cistern at D 4:1 was partially filled, as far east as the
barrier, with debris which had accumulated on the several occasions of filling the cistern
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
chamber (P1.75). This fill could not profitably be dug stratigraphically; the objects from it may
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
therefore be individually contemporary with any one of the three Layers observed in the
cistern chamber. It is likely, however, that this filling is not associated with Layer I, a period-
of-use filling. Most of it is probably contemporary with the first dumped fill, Layer II; the
character of the pottery and lamps from this channel filling correspondsmore closely with that
of Layer II than with that of Layer III. The inventoried objects from the channel filling are
listed separately in the following catalogue, as G 213-228.
3 Miss Judith Perlzweig considers that the lamps G 141 and G 143-146 (all from Layer IIb) do not antedate the middle of
the century. Insofar, however, as ceramic evidence is available from other sources, there seems to be no reason for bringing
the pottery of Layer IIb much beyond the time of Tiberius.
24 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
Light buff clay; no tracesof paint preserved. Rather soft, pinkish buff clay; traces of white
A femalehead, the featuresnot sharplyexpressed. paint on back of head.
Braided locks of hair hang down at the sides; a As G5; a heavy wreathcrownsthe head; above the
heavy roll crowns the head, with an attached knot forehead,a large knot, over whichhangs a veil (?).
(? now missing)over the forehead(cf. G 6).
G 7. BONE INSTRUMENT. P1.56.
G6. TERRACOTTAFIGURINE. P1.48. BI 359. P.L. 0.055. Brokenat top.
T 1445. P.H. 0.065; P. W. 0.039. Head only; face A pointed instrument (hair-pin?), the upper part
brokenaway. of the shaft markedby spiralgrooving.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
PERGAMENE
WARE G15. PLATE FRAGMENT P1. 60.
P 22074. P.H. 0.016; D. foot est. 0.15. Single
G 8. PLATEFRAGMENT. P1. 60.
P 22069.P.H. 0.033; D. foot est. 0.145. Fragment fragment of floor and foot.
Soft, cinnamon-brown, micaceous clay (similar to
of foot and floor. that of Samian A ware, for which see p. 12, note 9);
Yellowishbuff clay; reddishglaze; double-dipping reddish glaze (similar to that of Pergamene ware),
streak. much worn.
*G 9. PLATE. P1.60. Storage, Layer II, Pergamene ware-fragments of a
P 11521. H. 0.029; D. est. 0.155. Fragmentary; cup as F 12 and of plates as F 3 and F 4 (the last two
centerof floormissing;restored. from Layer Ha).
Light buff clay; dark reddishglaze.
Storage,Layers Ia and IIb-fragments of similar SAMIANWARE
plate. G16. SAMIANB PLATEFRAGMENT,STAMPED.Pls. 57,
G 10. PLATEFRAGMENT. P1.60. 61.
P 22070. P.H. 0.013; D. est. 0.153. Fragment of P 22067.P.H. 0.021; D. foot est. 0.10. Twojoining
floor and foot, with a trace of the rim. fragmentspreservepart of floor and wall.
Clayand glaze as G 8; double-dippingstreak. Hard,brownishred,micaceousclay; orange-brown
glaze.
G 11. PLATEFRAGMENT. P1.60. On the floor: circular, rouletted band; at the
P 22071. P.H. 0.02; D. est. 0.10. Fragmentof rim center, potter's stamp of rectangularshape with one
and floor; traces of the attachmentof the foot. line of illegible lettering.
Orange-buffclay; darkreddishglaze. *G 17. SAMIANB CUP FRAGMENT. P1.61.
G12. BOWL FRAGMENT. Pl. 60. P 22099. P.H. 0.007; D. foot est. 0.05. Small
of floor and foot; centerof floor
P 22072. P.H. 0.021; D. est. 0.155. Fragmentary; fragment missing.
Clay and glaze as G 16; double-dippingstreak.
foot missing. From a very small cup or pyxis.
Clayand glaze as G 11.
G13. HEMISPHERICAL G 18. SAMIANB CUPFRAGMENT. P1. 61.
CUP,FLANGED
RIM.
P 22068.P.H. 0.019; D. est. 0.085. Singlefragment
Pls. 4, 61, 78.
of rim and wall.
P 22078. H. rest. 0.053; D. rest. 0.118. Two non-Cinnamon-red,micaceous clay; orange-redglaze
joining fragments preserve almost the full profile; which has in part peeled from the surface.
restored. The clay and glaze of this piece resemblethose of
Clay and glaze as G 8. Samian A ware, but the articulated rim and the
neat on the ridges of the rim bespeakthe
G14. HEMISPHERICAL BOWL,FLANGED RIM.Pls. 4,61. finerrouletting
quality of SamianB.
P 9868. H. 0.087; D. 0.194. Fragmentary;
restored. G19. SAMIANA PLATE,STAMPED. Pls. 4, 57, 61.
Buff clay; reddishbrownglaze. This may be only P 9866. H. 0.034; D. 0.167. Almost complete;
an imitation of Pergamene fabric. restored.
Storage, Layer II-fragments of three bowls of Rather soft, cinnamon-red, micaceous clay; orange-
similar shape (two not of Pergamene fabric). red glaze; double-dippingstreak.
GROUPG 25
On floor, a circular rouletted band set off by Clay and glaze as G 36.
grooves, over the position of the foot; at center of At center of floor,stamp in plantapedis: C.amuri.
floor, a rectangularpotter's stamp: L. TitilThyrsi. This floorfragmentmay be a part of G 36.
This plate is of the shape known as Haltern lb; The plantaform stamp is characteristicof post-
examples with central stamp (as opposed to the Augustantimes; its terminuspost quemmay even be
earlier, radial, sextuple stamping) are to be dated as late as A.D. 21.5Camuriuswas an Arretinepotter
between 10 B.C. and A.D. 9 approximately (Haltern, of the Tiberianperiod (Comfort,Arret.,pp. 190-191).
I, pp. 138-142).L. Titius Thyrsus,a freedmanof the
contemporarypotter L. Titius, was active indepen- G 38. ARRETINE RELIEF FRAGMENT. P1.5.
dently at Arezzo from about 10 B.C. (Ihm, Arret. P 9852. Max. dim. 0.058. Fragmentfrom rounded
T6pf., p. 118). wall of a mouldedbowl.
Cinnamon-redclay; thick, lustrous,reddishbrown
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
P 9627 (+ 9988).H. 0.036; D. rest. 0.17. Fragmen- From the lower part of the body. In relief on
tary; restored. exterior:Eros, winged, to r., both feet together,left
Hard, buff clay; lustrous,reddishbrownglaze. arm extendedforwardand right arm drawnback at
The vertical rim is grooved and rouletted on shoulder level; to left and right, floral spikes; at
exterior. On the floor, two circulargrooves and, at extremeleft, three rosettes or flowers(2).
the center, a rectangularstamp: Severi. The portion The attributionof this piece is not certain.It may
of the stamp preservedon P 9988 was publishedby belongto the workshopof M. PerenniusBargathesor
Iliffe (Stamps,I1, p. 55) as "C. Meri";the discovery to that of Publius Cornelius;6 it should be dated in
of the join between P 9988 and P 9627 providesthe the late Augustanor Tiberianperiod.
correctreading.
The shape is Haltern 2 (Haltern,I, pp. 142-143). Storage, Layer II, Arretineware-fragments of two
ProfessorHoward Comfortinformsme that at least cups similarto G 35, of threeplates of Halterntype 2
three potters of the name were active, but that the (cf. G 34) and of one Tiberianplate as G 36, all from
Severusof G 34 is probablya potter of the Po Valley, Layer IIa; from Layer IIb, several rim fragments
the dates of whose activity are not preciselyfixed; as G 36.
the shape Haltern 2, however,is probablylimited to
the first quarterof the 1st century after Christ.
OTHER FINE EARLY ROMAN FABRICS
*G 35. ARRETINE CUP. P1. 62.
*G 39. BRITTLE WARECUP. P1. 4.
P 9991. P.H. 0.021; D. est. 0.074. About half of
P 11520. H. 0.055; D. rest. 0.095. Fragmentary;
rim and upperwall preserved.
restored.
Hard, light reddishclay; lustrous,light orange-red Rather coarse, gray clay with some grits; thin
glaze. fabric.
Therim markedwith roulettingat top and bottom.
No trace of appliqueornamentson rim. Cupwith small, flat base, roundedwall and plain
The shape as G 28 and Haltern 8 (Haltern,1, lip. The lower attachment of one vertical handle is
preserved;a second handle may have been present
pp. 147-149, pl. X). and the cup has been so restored.
G 36. ARRETINE PLATE FRAGMENT. Pls. 5, 62. Storage,LayerIIa-fragments of two similarcups.
P 9851.P.H. 0.025; D. est. 0.17. Aboutone-quarter *G 40. BRITTLEWARE CUP. P1. 4.
of rim and part of floor preserved.
P 22098. H. rest. 0.071; D. rest. 0.099. Two non-
Hard, reddish clay; reddish brown glaze with faint
luster. joining fragments preserve the complete profile;
restored.
On exterior of rim, two appliqu6 ornaments: Eros,
Hard, reddish, micaceous clay.
piping, to 1.; long-haired mask. The spacing of these
Small cup on ring foot, the wall curving in slightly
ornaments suggests that there were originally seven or
toward the plain lip. No trace of handles preserved.
eight on the complete rim. G37 may belong to this plate.
This type of rim, with appliqu6 ornaments, is not G 41. BRITTLEWAREBEAKER. P1. 4.
earlier than the Tiberian period (Oswald-Pryce,
P 22076. H. 0.098; D. rest. 0.098. Fragmentary;
Introd.,pl. XLII, 9-11 ; Ohlenroth, Rdtien, pp.239-241, restored.
243-245).
G37. ARRETINEPLATEFRAGMENT,STAMPED. P1. 57. 5 Comfortin Antioch, IV, 1, p. 62; Comfort, T-S, col. 1312;
Ox6, BodenaltertiimerWest/alens, VI, 1944, p. 70.
P 9850. Max. dim. 0.045. Small fragment from e Cf. Tilbingen, pls. 16,235, 17,260, 24,229-230, 35,525;
center of floor, without trace of foot. Comfort, A.J.A., XLII, 1938, pp. 506-508, no. 1.
GROUP G 27
Brittle, gray-brown clay with small grits. The Reddish brown clay of slightly granulartexture;
upperhalf of the body firedblack on the exterioras a lead glaze, bluishgreenon exterior,brownon interior.
result of stackingin the kiln. The mouldmadebody of the cup is adornedwith a
Ovoid body on false ring foot; base concave. relief pattern of compound,sexfoliaterosettes.
Verticalrim set in from the top of the wall at a sharp On the subject of lead glazes, see Tarsus, I,
angle; a groove at top of rim. No handles. pp. 191-196.
From a beakerwith flat base; the wall apparently preservedon this small segment of the floor.
flared out from the base slightly before turning Such platters generallywere extremelylarge, with
a very low, plain rim. Three rim fragmentsof gray
upward;vertical wall surfaceindented as in H 2 and ware platters in Storage (Layer IIa) have estimated
J 69 (glass). The double profiledrawingon Plate 63
showsthe lines of maximumconvexity and maximum diametersof 0.60, 0.40 and 0.28 respectively.
concavity of the wall. G 47. GRAY WARECUP. P1. 62.
P 9870. H. 0.033; D. 0.066. Almost complete;
G43. BRITTLEWARECUP. LPl.4.
restored.
P 22094.H. 0.069; D. rest. 0.097. Handlesand part
Hard, gray clay; dull, gray-blackglaze.
of body and rim missing; traces of the attachments
for both handles are preserved;restored. *G 48. MOULDEDBOWL. P1.5.
Fine, hard, gray clay, mottled in part to reddish P 9848. H. 0.079; D. 0.142. Complete.
brown; the fabric somewhat thicker than in most Rather fine, buff clay; dull, reddish glaze, fired
brittle ware pieces. black on base and on much of interior.
Shallow cup on ring foot; offset, vertical rim, Hemisphericalbowl with high rim and everted,
concaveon exterior. undercut lip. The body adorned with imbricate
patternin relief, surmountedby a horizontalband of
Storage, Layer II, brittle ware-from Layer Ha, circles; the base marked by a circle of small leaves
fragmentsof severalcupswith flat base and of a kan- surroundedby two concentricridges.
tharos (2); from Layer IIb, similar fragmentsand The and techniqueare those of the Megarian
two piecesof a beakerof creamyyellow clay in a fabric bowls shape
(see Thompson, H.P., pp. 451-459; Tarsus,I,
of eggshellthickness (cf. H 3).
pp. 163-165; Pnyx, II, pp. 83-112), but the rather
thick fabric and undercutlip are not found
*G 44. GLAZED BEAKER. P1. 4. on the Hellenisticheavily
bowls; the lip may well reflect the
P 9990. H. 0.081; D. 0.07. Fragmentary;restored. influence of
imported Arretine footed bowls (as
Fine, light brick-red clay; thin fabric; reddish Oswald-Pryce,Introd.,pl. II, 3).
glaze, lustrous on exterior,thin and dull on interior.
Cylindricalbeakerwith flat base, set off from wall
at an oblique angle. Horizontal band of rouletting, MISCELLANEOUS GLAZEDAND NON-GLAZED WARES
set off by grooves,about center of body; a groove at *G 49. PLATE. Pls. 4, 65.
lip and another near base. It is possible, though P 9987. H. 0.054-0.058; D. 0.30. Half missing;
unlikely, that this vessel had a handle. restored.
The cylindrical beaker shape occurs commonly in Buff clay; dull, brownish red glaze, fired black in
early Imperial wares of north Italy and even in true
part.
Arretine fabric, as Haltern type 16 (Haltern, I,
Probably an imitation of the Augustan plate of
pp. 155-156, pl. XVI, 16). The Haltern example must western manufacture, Haltern type 3b (Haltern, I,
be placed before A.D. 16, the date at which the
occupation of the site came to an end. pl. X, Sb).
Storage, Layer IIa-fragment of a similar plate.
G45. STEMMEDCUP, LEAD GLAZE. PIs. 5, 63. G 50. PLATE. P1. 65.
P 9844. H. est. 0.135; D. est. 0.185. Three non- P 11489. H. 0.053; D. est. 0.40. Small portion of
joining fragments of rim, body and foot, from which rim and floor preserved; center of floor missing;
the composite profile (P1. 63) has been prepared. No partly restored.
trace of handles preserved. Coarse, pinkish buff clay; dull, red glaze,
28 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
glaze.
tary; both handles missing; restored (the handles
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
G 64. BOWL FRAGMENT, STAMPED. P1. 57. G 72. Cup, FLANGED RIM. P1.5.
P 22080. P.H. 0.02; D. foot 0.046. Fragment of P 22084.H. rest. 0.038; D. 0.07. Fragmentary,rim
foot and floor. missing;restored.
Buff clay; dull, black glaze (partial). Buff clay; reddishbrownglaze.
From a small bowl or cup of hemisphericalshape, Shallow cup on ring foot; a high, flanged rim is
on ring foot. At center of floor, a device-stamp: restoredon the analogy of P 9171 (Deposit D 11:1).
rosette.
*G 73. HEMISPHERICAL CUP. Pls. 5, 66.
*G 65. BOWL. Pls. 5, 66.
P 11517. H. 0.05; D. 0.078. Almost complete;
P 11512. H. 0.047; D. rest. 0.10. Fragmentary; restored.
center of floormissing; restored. Rather soft, pinkish clay with some grits; dull,
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
G 66. BOWL. P1. 66. Pergameneware (F 6-11, G 1), but it was supplanted,
P 9854. H. 0.06; D. 0.107. Fragmentary;restored. in that fabric, in the late 1st century B.C., by the
Rather soft, buff clay; dull, red glaze (partial), bell-cupwith flangedrim (see referencesunderG 28).
fired buff in part.
Rouletting on top surfaceof rim.
G 74. HEMISPHERICALCUP, FLANGED RIM.
Storage,Layers IIa and IIb-fragments of several Pls. 5, 66.
similarbowls. P 11500. H. 0.052; D. 0.108. Fragmentary;
restored.
G 67. BOWL. PI. 5. Hard, gray clay; black glaze, faintly lustrous on
P 11491. H. 0.064; D. 0.11. Fragmentary; interior.
restored. This shape, too, occurs in Pergamene ware, as
Rather soft, gray clay; dull, black glaze. G 13-14. It is found in western sigillata waresof the
Shape as, G 66. The bowl has warped slightly in Tiberian and Claudianperiods(Oswald-Pryce,Introd.
firing. pl. XL). Compare G 75, G 180, H 8-9.
G 80. Cup, TWOHANDLES. P1.4. As G 85, but smaller; six bands of rouletting on
P 11503. H. 0.075; D. rest. 0.09. Fragmentary; shoulder.
restored.
Hard, buff clay; reddishglaze (partial). G 87. GLOBULARJUG. P1. 5.
Straight-sided cup on ring foot; two vertical P 11506. P.H. 0.093; D. lip 0.105. The upperhalf
handles.CompareM 2. of the body preservedin fragmentarycondition;most
Storage,LayerIIa-fragments of two similarcups, of handle missing; partly restored.
one with incision on the exteriorbelow the lip. This Hard, gray clay; black glaze.
type of cup is presumably a late version of the Shapeas G85-86, but largerandwithoutrouletting
Hellenistickantharos,as B 21. on shoulder.Comparealso [M 37], M 67.
G 81. BICoNICALCUP, TWOHANDLES. P1.4. Pl. 5.
*G 88. BICONICAL JUG.
P 11502. H. 0.088; D. 0.086. Fragmentary;both
handlesmissing;restored. P 22097. H. 0.126; D. rest. 0.114. Handle and
about two-thirdsof body, including center of floor,
Hard, buff clay; dull, brownishglaze, irregularly
missing; restored.
applied.
Biconical body on small ring foot; high, swelling Rather coarse,buff clay; dull, red glaze (excepton
rim with groove at top and bottom; two vertical base).
handles. Shape as F 44.
Storage,LayersHa and IIb-fragments of several Storage,Layer IIa-fragments of two similarjugs
similarcups in both red and black glaze. (black glaze and red glaze).
G 82. PLATE, INVERTEDLIP. Pls. 67, 73. *G 89. SPOUTEDJUG. Pl. 5.
P 22088. H. 0.045; D. rest. 0.185. Fragmentary; P 11511. H. 0.15; D. rest. 0.117. Fragmentary;
restored. restored.
Rather coarse,reddishbuff clay. Hard, gray-buffclay; black glaze (except on foot),
Compare F 36-40. mottled reddishbrownin part.
Ovoid body on very low ring foot; narrowneck
G 83. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. P1. 6. terminates in a
projecting spout, open on top.
P 22100.H. 0.045; D. 0.18. Fragmentary;restored. Grooved handle. Groove along lip (top of spout)
Buff clay. and two grooves around the under surface of the
As G 82; a broadgroove on top of lip. spout at its outer edge.
0 84. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. P1. 6.
*G 90. JUG, TREFOIL LIP. P1. 5.
P 11485. H. 0.048; D. rest. 0.17. Fragmentary;
restored. P 11522. H. 0.121; D. 0.081. Fragmentary, handle
Rather soft, brownish buff clay. missing; restored.
As G 82-83. Buff clay; red glaze (except on foot).
Storage, Layers IIa and IIb-fragments of more Piriformnbody on ring foot; narrow neck and
than ten plates similar to G 82-84; among those from bulbous mouth; everted, horizontal, trefoil lip. Two
Layer IIa are a few covered with black glaze. grooves on shoulder, above b. a. h.
While the piriform body and trefoil lip are not
G 85. GLOBULARJUG. P1. 5. uncommon in Hellenistic wares (as A 36, C 10), the
P 9843. H. 0.09; D. 0.099. Fragmentary; restored. bulbous mouth below the lip appears to be an
Hard, pinkish buff clay; black to brown glaze innovation of Roman date. It should be noted also
(except on base). that, in general, early Roman trefoil lips display a
GROUP G 81
very wide frontal lobe and small side lobes, the two Hard, buff clay with some grits; the lip and top of
indentationsof the lip occurringclose to the handle the neck were probablyglazed as in G 98 and many
attachment. other similarunguentaria.
Shape as F 50 and G 98.
G 91. Juo, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 5.
P 22254.H. rest.0.162;D. rest.0.108.Fragmentary; G 98. BULBOUS UNGUENTARIUM. Pl. 5.
most of handle, neck and lip missing; restored. P 22095. H. 0.146; D. rest. 0.081. Fragmentary,
Gray clay; black glaze (except on foot). center of base missing; restored.
Plump body on ring foot; the concave shoulder Hard, reddish clay, fired gray at core; reddishto
curves up into a wide, flaringneck which terminates black glaze inside lip and on upperhalf of neck.
in a plain lip, flat on top. The handleis restoredwith Shape as F 50 and G 97; the lip, preservedin this
three vertical grooves on the analogy of P 10460 specimen,is small and everted, flat on top.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
similarunguentaria.
*G 92. JUG. P1. 5.
P 11513. P.H. 0.143; D. 0.185. Body only pre- Storage, Layer IIb, miscellaneous glazed wares--
served,in fragmentarycondition;partly restored. fragments of three plates of buff clay and reddish
Fine, gray clay; black glaze. glaze, shaped as G 19-20; parts of two bowls similar
Globular body on wide ring foot. No traces in shape to G 179 and G 185 of Layer III; part of an
preservedof neck or of handle attachment. amphorasimilar to J 48, K 68 and L 3, but more
nearly globularin shape.
G 93. NECK FRAGMENT, JUG. P1.5.
P 11486. P.H. 0.10; D. lip 0.049. Neck and handle COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES
only preserved.
Hard, buff clay; dull, black to brownglaze. *[G 99]. BASIN. Pls. 6, 72.
At the base of the neck, three grooves,the lowest P 8487. Deposit Q 13:1 (Augustan).
correspondingwith the point at which the separately H. 0.322; D. 0.55. Fragmentary;restored.
turned body and neck were joined. Everted lip, flat Rather soft and coarse, buff to pinkish buff clay;
on top. Groovedhandle. dull, black glaze inside and on top of rim.
Deep, wide basin on heavy ring foot. Thick,
G 94. BEAKER (?) FRAGMENT. P1.63. everted lip; top of lip marked by two grooves with
P 22078. P.H. 0.031; D. foot est. 0.08. Fragment an incised wave line between.
of foot and of lower part of wall. Storage, Layer IIa-fragments of a basin (D. est.
Buff clay, less carefully finished inside than out; 0.43) similarto P 8487.
creamy buff slip on exterior to below the angle of the
wall. *[G 100]. BASIN. Pls. 6, 72.
Froma beakeror possiblya closedvessel; ringfoot. P 21753. Deposit R 10 :1 (Augustan).
CompareII 3, M 4. H. 0.144; D. 0.24. Fragmentary;restored.
The fabric is similar to that of F 45. A neck Coarse,soft, darkbuff clay with grits; dull, brown
fragment,possibly from a jug such as F 45, is among glaze (partial),much worn.
the stored sherdsfrom Layer IIa of this Group. Deep bowlon ring foot; evertedrim with grooveon
top. Horizontalhandles,roundin section, bent up at
G 95. MINIATURE JAR, BASKET HANDLE. P1. 5.
mid-pointto touch undersurfaceof rim.
P 9842. H. 0.128; D. 0.065. Almost complete. Storage,LayersIIa and IIb-fragments of several
Hard, pinkishbuff, micaceousclay. basins similar to P 21753.
Elongated, piriform body with flat base and plain,
flaring lip. Small, arched basket handle. Storage, Layer IIa, basins-fragments of several
basins similar to F 62; they are of reddish buff or buff
G 96. UNGUENTARIUM. P1.5. clay with dull, red to brown glaze on interior.
P 22096. P.H. 0.093; H. rest. 0.167; D. 0.071.
G 101. STAMNOS, PARTLY GLAZED. P1. 6.
Neck and parts of body and foot missing; restored
on basis of F 49. P 11487. P.H. 0.146; D. rest. 0.233. Fragments,
Hard, brittle, brownish buff clay, fired gray at core. including one handle, of upper part of body; partly
restored.
Shape as F 49.
Yellowish buff clay; dull, black glaze applied in a
*G 97. BULBOUS UNGUENTARIUM. PI. 5. band around the rim and another just below the
P 9847. P.H. 0.105; H. rest. 0.111; D. 0.061. Top handle attachments; between these bands, large
of neck missing; restored (the neck height is con- unconnected spots of glaze. Two horizontal grooves
jectural). at level of handles.
82 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
For the completeshape see P 4503 (P1.40), which pl. XI,3). The bronze applique mask from the
comes from the contemporaryDeposit F 11 :1: gray- StroganoffCollectionis now in the Baker Collection,
buff clay; plump, ovoid body on ring foot; wide New York (Greek,Etruscanand RomanAntiquities,
mouth with plain, low, vertical rim; two horizontal an Exhibitionfrom the Collectionof WalterC. Baker
handles, round in section, tilted upward; two ..... , New York, 1950, no. 48). The miniature
horizontal grooves at level of handles; bands of bronzesitula fromMeroe*, cited by Squarciapino,has
brown to black glaze at rim, below handle zone and generally been considered to be of earlyImperialdate
above foot, with a wave pattern of glaze betweenthe (Schreiber, "Die alexandrinische Toreutik,"Abh.d. k.
upper two bands. CompareJ 4, J 40 and M 39-40. sichs. Gesellsch.d. Wiss., Leipzig, Phil.-hist. Cl.,
Storage, Layers IIa and IIb--fragments of XIV, 5, 1894, pp. 433-435; Schaifer,Agyptische
severalsuch stamnoi. Goldschmiedearbeiten, Berlin, 1910, p. 99), while the
from Cilli in Stiria (now in Vienna) was
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
example
G 102. SITULA, BAIL HANDLE. P1. 6. found with a coin of Claudius-these two dates
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
P 9845. H. 0.365; D. 0.377. Part of rim and body, accord well with that of Layer II of Group G.
includingmost of handle, both loop handlesand one Further,the three bronzesitulae fromMehrum(near
appliqu' mask missing;restored. Duisburg,on the Rhine), of shape similarto but not
Hard, reddishclay; fine, creamybuff slip. identical with that of G 102, were found in a tomb
Deep body supportedon three lug feet; flat floor. with fragmentsof terra sigillata stampedby Bassus/
The wall is sharply constrictedat the top, below a Coelus(OF BASSI.CO)and by Canus(OFF.CANI),
neatly turned, everted, overhanging rim; at two south Gaulish potters whose activity extends from
diametricallyopposedpoints on the rim a small, flat, the time of Tiberiusto the early years of Vespasian
semicircularlug projectsout beyondthe peripheryof (Furtwangler, "Die Bronzeeimer von Mehrum,"
the rim; beneath each lug, attached to its under- Festschr.zum fiinfzig-jiihrigenJubilium des Vereins
surfaceand to the wall of the situla below,a moulded, von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande, 1891, pp.
appliqu' mask of Dionysos. The god is represented 23-34, pls. II-III; for the dating of the potters,
with flowing beard and mustache, garland of ivy Oswald,Index of Potters'Stampson TerraSigillata,
leaves and berries,a bunchof grapesat either side of East Bridgford, Notts., 1931, s.v.v.). Numerous
the face; a fillet (mitra) crosses the foreheadbelow parallelsare to be found also at Pompeii (cf. Willers,
the garland,its trailing ends hanging down in front Die Bronzeeimervon Hemmoor,Hannover, 1901,
of the grapesat either side; the ears are not visible. p. 116, fig. 45, nos. 2, 4, 5). There seems to be no
Each of the two rim-lugsis surmountedby a vertical, reason to believe that any of the metal or clay
loop handle; aroundthe top of one half of the rim, situlaewith appliqu6masksof the type seen in G 102
and united with it, runs the handle proper,roundin were manufacturedearlierthan the 1st centuryafter
section and made in imitation of the free-moving Christ. Some two dozen clay situlae representedby
bail handle of the metal prototype of this situla; fragmentsin the Agoracollectionwill be treatedmore
each end of the clay bail handle, where it passes fully in the secondvolume of this work.
through the vertical loop handle, may have been PIs. 7, 42.
mouldedin the formof a duck'shead (as can be seen [G 103]. JUG, ROUNDMOUTH.
P 15319. Deposit N 17:2 (1st century).
in other fragmentarysitulae of similar form in the H. 0.13; D. 0.11. Fragmentary;restored.
Agoracollection:e.g., P 5313 and 19376,P1. 39). Buff, gritty clay; thin fabric; gray slip. The lower
G 102 is a closeparallelin shapeand size to a situla portion fired reddish buff on exterior as a result of
of porphyry in the museum at Angers (Delbrueck, stackingin the kiln.
AntikePorphyrwerke, Berlin,1932,pp. 201-202,pl. 93) Plump body, constricted in lower portion to a
and to a fragmentary bronze situla from Ostia fat base; high, flaringrim; sliced handle.
(Squarciapino, Boll. d'Arte, XXXIV, 1949, pp. 139 Storage, Layer IIb-fragments of over a dozen
- 144). To the other parallels cited by Squarciapino jugs similar to P 15319. For a similar vessel from
add: a bronze applique mask found at Vindobona (in Siphnos, see B.S.A., XLIV, 1949, p. 72 ("Early
Vienna: Radn6ti, Die rimische Bronzegefdi/3evon Christian," no. 1), pl. 22, 23.
Pannonien [Diss. Pannonicae, II,6], Budapest, 1938,
p. 122, pl. XXX,4); a fragmentary clay situla from [G 1041. JUG, TREFOILMOUTH. P1. 7.
Capua (C.V.A., Michigan, pl. XXXIX, 3); clay P 10759. Deposit B 14:3 (second half of 1st
appliqu6 masks in the Greco-Roman Museum in century).
Alexandria (Inv. no. 6483), in the Museum Antiker H. 0.192; D. 0.128. Intact.
Kleinkunst, Munich (Inv. no. 1132 ), and possibly Hard, gritty, reddish clay.
in Odessa (Derewitzky, Pavlowsky and Stern, Das Plump, ovoid body on low ring foot; almost
Museum der k. Odessaer Gesellschaft filr Gesch. u. horizontal shoulder. High neck with small, everted
Altertumskunde, Lief. I, Terracotten, Odessa, 1897, lip, horizontal on top. The neck is enlarged at front
GROUP G 33
to accommodatethe forwardprojection of the large G 109. LID. P1. 6.
frontal lobe of the trefoil mouth. Grooved handle. P 22089. H. 0.021; D. 0.051. Intact.
A groove around neck below lip and another on Dark buff clay, self-slip.
shoulder. Lid in form of a broad, shallow cone; large knob,
Storage, Layer IIb-neck fragments of a jug flat on top.
similarto P 10759.
G 110. LID. P1.6.
P 22090.H. 0.04; D. 0.089. Fragmentary;restored.
[G105]. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. Pl. 6.
P 15314.Deposit N 17:2 (as [G 103]; Ist century). Orange-buffclay, self-slip.
H. 0.268; D. 0.212. Intact. As G 109, but of more truly conicalform.
Gritty, buff to pinkish buff clay; gray-buff slip. G 111. FLOWERPOT (?) FRAGMENT. P1.6.
Plump, ovoid body on low ring foot; low neck with
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Coarse,reddish buff clay; lower part of exterior Coarse,gritty, brownclay; thick fabric;the surface
blackenedby fire. blackenedby fire inside and out.
As F 84. Single groove around body at level of Conical lid with broad knob resembling an
horizontalhandle. invertedring foot.
Round-bottomed cooking pots as G( 116 and Storage, Layer IIa-fragments of three similar
F 80-85 were probably intended for use with a lids, one of which has a solid knob.
braziersuch as P 14122 (cf. ( 123), with which G 116
is illustratedin Plate 38. G 122. LID. Pl. 6.
P 11508. H. 0.038; D. 0.122. Fragmentary;
G 117. COOKINGPOT. P1.7. restored.
P 22085. P.H. 0.10; H. rest. 0.118; D. rest. 0.125. Coarse,reddishbuff clay.
Conical lid with roughlyfinishedknob,flat on top.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
similarlids.
Coarse,brittle,reddishclay, firedblackon exterior;
thin fabric. Storage, Layer IIb, cooking ware-fragments of a
Globularbody on flat base, set off from the wall; flat cooking pan similar to F 77; fragments of
the lip flaresout and is set off from the body by an cookingpots similarto G 193 and G195.
angular ridge. Single handle. Three horizontal
grooveswithin the handle zone.
LARGE STORAGE VESSELS, ETC.
G 118. COOKINGPOT, RING FOOT. P1. 7.
G123. BRAZIERFRAGMENTS.
P 22086. P.H. 0.086; H. rest. 0.09; D. 0.098. Foot
and part of body missing;restored(the foot restored P 11492. Threenon-joiningfragments;max. dim.
on the basis of an analogousfragmentstoredwith the (a) 0.115, (b) 0.087, (c) 0.064.
uninventoriedsherdsof Layer IIb). Coarse reddish (a, b) or brownish (c) clay; (a)
Fabric as G 117. coveredwith dull, black glazeinside and out, (b) and
Almost globular body on low ring foot; body (c) not glazed.
constrictedsharplybelow the plain, everted rim; no Fragmentsfromthe rimsof threedifferentbraziers.
handles. On each fragmentis preserveda lug which served as
supportfor a pot; one (a) is a rearlug, the other two
P1. 7. are front lugs. On the exteriorof (b) traces of broad
G 119. JUG, ROUNDMOUTH.
and very shallow grooves arrangedin a horizontal
P 22087. H. 0.152; D. 0.131. Fragmentary;most wave pattern.
of handle missing; restored. The nature of the braziersfrom which these lugs
Rather coarse, brittle, brownish buff clay, fired derive is illustrated by a more nearly complete
gray-blackon exterior;thin fabric. specimen:
Plump body narrowingsharply at bottom to a P 14122 (P1.38).
small, flat base; plain, low, evertedrim. Singlerolled Deposit 0 17:1 (1st century)
handle. H. rest. 0.182; D. rim of pan 0.417; W. brazier
The shape is similar to that of [G 103], but the
proper across front 0.19. Several joining and non-
fabric and handle are quite different.
joining fragmentspreserveabout one-quarterof the
pan (including two feet), portions of the wall of
*G120. JUG, TREFOILMOUTH. P1. 7. the brazier proper (including the rear rim lug
P 11514.H. 0.19; D. 0.143. Fragmentary;restored. and vent hole and clear indicationsof the positions
Coarse, reddish brown to gray-brown clay. of the front vertical edges of the wall). Restored;
Plump body with flat base; shoulder almost the front rim lugs are based on G(123, the two side
horizontal; high neck, widening toward the plain, vent holes on P 12044; the height of the brazier wall
trefoil lip; grooved handle; four grooves around neckis uncertain and has been restored at 0.135 above the
at lip. floor of the pan.
The shape is similar to that of [( 104i, but the Coarse, reddish clay.
fabricis different. A large circular pan with flat floor and low, flaring
Storage,Layer IIa-neck fragmentsof two similar rim; supported on four (?) low, tubular feet (H. foot
jugs. 0.025). The rim is thickened at the top, slightly
everted and marked by a deep groove on the upper
( 121. LID. P1. 7. surface. About one-third of the floor space of the pan
P 11496. H. 0.071; D. 0.224. Fragmentary; is occupied by the brazier proper, consisting of a
restored. vertical wall, approximately semicircular in plan,
GROUP G 85
with the open end towardthe center of the pan. This G124. PITHOS LID FRAGMENT. P1. 6.
wall, at its central point, is contiguousto the outer P 22091. D. est. 0.30. Small rim fragment.
edge of the pan floor; at that point the rim of the Very coarse,reddishbuff clay.
pan is bent inward to touch the brazier wall. The From a lid similar to F 89, with traces preserved
thickened lip of the brazierwall is markedby three of one notch, a raisedlug and a pair of holes just to
lugs; that at the back is horizontal,those at the two the inside of the lug.
front ends are vertical. The wall is pierced by three
vent holes, one at the back and one at either side. G125. COOKING(2) UTENSIL. Pl. 50.
The purposeof the two types of lug on the brazier MC417. H. 0.035; D. 0.225. Almost complete.
rim was to hold cooking pots firmly in position (see Coarse,reddishbuff clay; self-slip.
P1. 38, whereP 14122is illustratedsupportingG 116). A circular disk, flat on bottom; upper surface
The areaof the brazierproperwas used for laying the markedby three concentricridges (H. ca. 0.02), one
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
fire; ashes and coals could be rakedout into the open at the outer edge, the other two with diametersof
area of the pan floor, which might also be used on
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
OBJECTS
OTHERTHANPOTTERY
*G 127. LAMP. Pl. 44. Shape as G 128. Rim: rinceaux and bunches of
L 2932. L. 0.111; W. 0.066; H. 0.033. Almost grapes. The filling hole is large, with a heavy edge
complete. surroundingit; there is, properlyspeaking,no discus.
Brownishbuff clay; light brownglaze. Perlzweig.
Rim: on either side, one shield-likeornamentand
one of heart shape. Nozzle triangular. Base flat and
*G 130. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44.
offset from body. Howland type 50 B (see Howland L 2982. L. 0.102; W. 0.057; H. 0.027. Almost
no. 674). complete;restored.
Buff clay; dull, blackglaze.
*G 128. LAMP, BASKETHANDLE. P1. 44. As F 99-100. The base, offset from the body and
L 3204. L. rest. 0.117;W. 0.083; H. 0.035.Fragmen- concave on the undersurface,bears a signature in
tary; handle missing; partly restored. relief,'Aroh IAcoviov.Howland no. 735, type 52 E.
Pinkish buff clay; black to brownishglaze. *G 131.LAMP, SIGNED.
As G 127, with additionof a high flaringedge (not
L 2983. L. 0.099; W. 0.058; H. 0.032. Fragmen-
made in the mould) all around the rim; the edging
tary; restored.
continuesaroundthe nozzle, but is flush with the top
Buff clay; dull, red to black glaze.
of it. Basket handle, archingover the small, concave
As G 130. On the base, incised in the clay before
discus (cf. H 22). Howlandno. 674, type 50 B.
firing, the letters pi alpha (the formermuch smaller
*G 129. LAMP. than the latter). Howland no. 727, type 52 E.
P1. 44.
L 2931. L. rest. 0.127; W. 0.08; H. 0.035. Handle *G 132. LAMP. P1.44.
missing; restored. L 2962. P.L. 0.087; W. 0.066; H. 0.037. Handle,
Soft, micaceous,buff clay; dull, reddishglaze. nozzle and much of body missing.
3*
86 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
Buff clay; dull, black glaze, fired brownto red on *G 138. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44.
underside. L 2978.L. rest. 0.114;W. rest. 0.064;H. rest.0.032.
Rim: imbricatepatternand four schematicleaves Handle, tip of nozzle and part of body missing;
in crossarrangement,the points downward.Howland restored.
no. 803, type 56 variants. Buff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze.
Rim: wreath of leaves and flowers. On base,
G 133. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44.
within raisedridge,the letter alphain relief.Howland
L 2971. L. rest. 0.097; W. 0.056; H. 0.083. Handle no.
781, type 54 D.
missing; restored.
Buff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze, much worn. G 139. LAMP, SIGNED. P1.44.
Rim: pattern of alternating broad and narrow L 4884.L. rest. 0.117; W. 0.065; H. 0.03. Fragmen-
radiateridges.Discus smalland plain, surroundedby tary, handlemissing; restored.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
relief, the letter alpha. Howland no. 761, type 53. Plain, narrow rim. Wide, flat discus with raised
edge which at front extends out to enclose the
*G 134. LAMP, SIGNED. P1.44. roundednozzle. On the flat
base, the letter alpha in
L 2933. P.L. 0.106; W. 0.061; H. 0.029. Handle relief.Howlandno. 826.
missing.
Buff to grayish clay; dull, reddish brown glaze, G 140. LAMP. P1. 44.
much blackenedaround nozzle and discus. L 4883. L. rest. 0.115; W. rest. 0.065; H. 0.032.
Ratherflat body; wide discussurroundedby raised Fragmentary;restored.
edge. On the narrowrim, imbricatepattern. Nozzle Reddish clay; darkreddishbrownglaze.
triangular.On the flat base, signaturein relief, the Plain, narrow rim; flat discus surroundedby a
letters retrograde,TTaplapo6Iyvov. Howland no. 665, raised edge which is connectedby a ridge to the flat
type 49 B. top surface of the triangular nozzle. Base plain.
Thoughnot of the gray clay and blackglaze typical CompareG 220. Howlandno. 577, type 44 D.
of Ephesoslamps (Broneer'stype XIX), G 134 has a
shape not inconsistentwith that type; the signature G 141. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44.
TTapap.6vou occurs also on another Agora lamp of L 2973. L. 0.109; W. rest. 0.068; H. 0.032.
Howland'stype 49 A whichis of gray clay with gray Fragmentary;restored.
glaze (L 4027, Howlandno. 664). Dark buff clay; dull, grayishblack glaze.
Rim plain, except for a degenerate lug (not
G 135. LAMP. P1.44.
pierced)at right side. Discus flat and surroundedby
L 2972. P.L. 0.076; W. 0.062; H. 0.03. Nozzle, a raisedridge; similarridgeson the top of the nozzle
handle and part of body missing. form a channel leading to the wick-hole. On base,
Light, reddishbuff clay; dull, reddishbrownglaze. within raisedring, the letter alphain relief.Perlzweig.
Rim: wreath.Discusflat and surroundedby raised
*G 142. LAMP FRAGMENT. P1. 44.
edge. Base flat. Howlandno. 783, type 54 D.
L 2979. P.L. 0.068. Nozzle only preserved.
G 136. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44. Gray clay; dull, gray glaze.
L 2970.L. 0.113; W. rest. 0.069; H. 0.03. Fragmen- Triangularnozzle; the shankconnectingthe nozzle
tary; restored. to the rim is markedby grooveson top and by three
Reddishclay with white grits; dull, brownishblack stamped palmettes adjacent to the rim. Howland
glaze. no. 661, type 49 A.
Rim: band of large rosettes alternating with pairs
of rays; above, a band of smaller rosettes. Discus G 143. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44.
plain and surroundedby raised edge. Nozzle triangular. L 2976. L. rest. 0.103; W. 0.066; H. 0.088. Handle
On the base, encircled by a raised ring, the letter and end of nozzle missing; restored.
alpha in relief. Howland no. 808, type 58 B. Buff clay; red to black glaze.
Plump body and rounded rim, both decorated with
G 137. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44. fine, close-set dots in relief; discus concave and set
L 2969. P.L. 0.082; W. est. 0.068; H. 0.081. off from rim by a ridge. Nozzle round, with relief
Nozzle, handle and part of body missing. volutes between wick-hole and rim. On base, within
Buff clay; dull, brownish black glaze. raised ring, the letter alpha in relief. Perlzweig.
Rim: rosettes alternating with paired rows of dots;
similar rosettes on lower body, at base of nozzle. G 144. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44.
Traces of a signature in relief on the base. Howland L 2967. L. rest. 0.101; W. 0.069; H. 0.043. Fragmen-
no. 809, type 58 B. tary, handle missing; restored.
GROUP G 37
Reddish clay; dull, black glaze. Deep body; narrow,flat rim set off from discus by
As G 143, but the body is deeperthan usual as a a groove; only a trace of the discusis preserved,but
resultof carelessjoiningof the two mouldmadehalves it was probablyornamentedwith a relief rosette (as
of the lamp. The relief dots are widely spaced. On Broneer, Lamps, no. 383, pl. VIII, and Agora
base, within raised ring, the letter alpha in relief. L 4150). Two rounded nozzles set off from rim by
Perlzweig. largevolutes; alongthe shaft of the nozzle,a caduceus
in relief as on the two parallelscited above (of. the
G145.LAMP, SIGNED. Pl. 44. nozzle ornamentof the Ephesos lamps, as Broneer,
L 2968. L. rest. 0.103; W. 0.065; H. 0.04. Handle Lamps, p. 68, fig. 30; also Agora L 382, Howland
missing; restored. no. 657, type 49 A, which is similarly marked with
Reddish clay; dull, black glaze. the caduceus).A large handle-guardin the form of
As G 143-144. On base, within raised ring, alpha five serrate leaves, bound together, rises obliquely
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
in relief. Perlzweig. from the rim. Base flat, with groove near edge and
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Plain, narrowrim set off by two groovesfrom the Pergamon,Corinth,Athens, Puteoli and elsewhere.7
discus; the subject of the relief ornament on the By the kind permission of Mr. D. C. Baramki,
discus is uncertain.Nozzle roundedand set off from Curatorof the American University Museum, the
rim by volutes. Base plain. No handle. Perlzweig. Beirut specimen is illustrated on Plate 43 and is
describedbelow:
G 155.LAMP. P1.44. Mus. Inv. 718. From Cyrene. L. overall 0.187;
L 2965. P.L. 0.104; W. rest. 0.072; H. rest. 0.026. H. 0.174. Th. basis 0.06. Finial (lamp?) of right-hand
Fragmentary;restored. vertical membermissing.
Hard, brittle, reddish brown clay, fired gray at Dark buff clay with grits; dull, reddish brown
core; brownishglaze, with metallic luster. glaze.
Shape as G 154. On the discus,in relief, a rosette. A rectangular, hollow basis, without bottom,
supports three vertical members. The front of the
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
No handle.Perlzweig.
basis is adornedwith three femaleheads in relief, the
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
G 156. LAMP. P1. 44. heads connected by wreaths looped from their
crowns.The top surfaceof the basis is not solid but
L 4880. P.L. 0.10; W. 0.099. Base, handleand part
is pierceddirectlyundereachof the verticalmembers.
of discus and nozzle missing.
The three vertical elements, from left to right, are:
Dark buff clay; dull, brownishblackglaze.
1) a hollowpedestalterminatingin a shallowincense-
Narrow,plain rim set off by a single groove from
the deep, concave, undecorated discus; a channel cup and decoratedon the front by a figurein relief,
apparently Dionysos as Herakles, with wreath and
throughthe rim connectsthe nozzle with the discus. fillets, wearingthe lion's skin and carryinga club in
Tripartitelug at rim on either side. Traceof attach- the left hand, an uncertainobject in the right hand;
ment of a vertical handle, not made in the mould.
2) a pine cone; 3) a hollowpedestalonce surmounted
Perlzweig.
by a separatelymouldedobject(lamp?)and decorated
on the front by a figurein relief,wingedEros wearing
G 157. LAMP. P1. 44.
a lion's skin over his back, the paws knotted in front
L 2975. P.L. 0.093; W. 0.083; H. 0.028. Handle of his neck.
and part of discusand base missing.
Soft, micaceous,buff clay; surfaceworn, no trace Storage,Layer II, lamps-Among the uninventoried
of glaze remains. lamp fragmentsfrom Layer IIa are specimensof the
As G 156; roundednozzle.Perlzweig. following Broneer types: XVIII (6 examples; cf.
G 127-132), XX (a few fragments;cf. G 143-146),
G 158.LAMP. P1.44. XXIV (cf. G 157-158),XXV, XXVII (1 dubious
L 4881.P.L. 0.055;P.W.0.058;H. 0.024.Handle, fragment).FromLayerIIb the followingarerecorded:
nozzle and most of body missing. XX (25-30 examples),XVIII, XIX (cf. G 134-141),
Brownishclay; brownishglaze with faint metallic XXI (cf. G 148-149),XXIV, XXV, XXVII (2 handle
luster. fragments).Also fromLayer II, a discus fragmentof
As G 156-157, but without channelfromnozzle to a type XXIV lamp decorated with a figure of
discus. Bipartitelugs at rim on either side. Tracesof Herakles standing to left (formerlyinventoried as
attachmentof verticalhandle (madein the mould?). part of G 200; now separatedand reinventoriedas
Perlzweig. L 4877a; not illustratedhere).
It is worthy of note that while lamps of Broneer's Coarse,reddishbuff clay with grits.
type XX are abundantin Layer IIb, only a few small Each weight is discoid, flat on back, convex on
fragmentsof them occur in the uppermostlevels of front, piercedwith two holes for suspension.
Layer IIa; on the other hand, types XXIV and XXV For this type of loomweight,see: Pnyx, I, p. 79;
occur in IIa as well as in IIb. It is likely that the Davidson,MinorObjects,pp. 162-163. Becauseof the
introductionof the type XX lamp is to be dated late introduction of the horizontal loom, loomweights
in the first half of the 1st century after Christ,8while were probably not employed after the 1st century
types XXIV and XXV may have precededXX by as after Christ (Pnyx, I, pp. 70-71).
much as twenty-five or thirty years. The absence of
type XX lampsin LayerIII of GroupG is apparently *G 163. BONE OBJECT. P1.56.
fortuitous,for lamps of this type do occurin Groups BI 374. L. 0.095; W. 0.005. Intact, but the pointed
H and J (H 21-22, J 59-60); the type seems not to
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
G 170. SAMIAN A PLATE FRAGMENT, STAMPED. Pl. 57. Storage, Layer III, gray ware--rim fragments of
P 22059.Max. dim. 0.059. Floor fragmentwithout at least three large platters (of. G 46); fragmentsof
trace of foot or wall. smallerplates with flat floor and low ring foot; ring
foot of a closedvessel.
Clayand glaze as G 19.
At center of floor, partly preserved, a device-
stamp: dot-rosette. MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES
G 171. SAMIANA JUG (?) FRAaMENT. P1. 62. G 173. PLATE. P1. 67.
P 22060. Max. dim. 0.063; D. foot est. 0.11. P 22068. H. 0.04; D. rest. 0.20. Fragmentary;
Fragment of foot, base and lower wall. center of floor missing; restored.
Soft, buff clay with some mica; reddish glaze on Reddish clay with grits; metallic, black to greenish
exterior only. black glaze, fired red on exterior of lip. Clay and glaze
From a closed vessel on low ring foot; the body similar to those of G 63 and the pieces there cited.
possibly globular. Shape as G 25.
Closed vessels are extremely uncommon in the Storage, Layer III--fragments of at least three
Samian fabric; no complete specimen is known to me. similar plates of buff clay, with reddish to black glaze.
GROUP G 41
P 22061. H. 0.046; D. est. 0.20. Fragmentary, P 11465. H. 0.044; D. rest. 0.193. Fragmentary;
center of floormissing.
restored.
Hard, reddish, micaceous clay; red glaze, much Rather coarse,orange-redclay.
worn, fired black on exterior of rim. Comparethe For the shape, compareF 41-43, G 82-84 (which
shape of G 19-20, G 167, H 4-5, J 28. latter have inverted lips).
Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar Storage, Layer III-fragments of at least five
plates.
plates similarto G 181.
G 176. PLATE. P1.67. G 182. GLOBULAR JUG. P1.7.
P 11473. H. 0.068; D. 0.292. Almost complete; P 9697. H. 0.098; D. 0.097. Intact.
restored.
Rather coarse, gray-black clay; black glaze
Rather soft, orange-buff, micaceous clay; dull,
(partial)with faint metallic luster.
orange-redglaze (partial). Globular body on small, flat base. Plain, low,
This shape is a development from the Samian
flaringlip, set off from wall by a sharp ridge. Sl'ced
shape G 25-26 and the local imitations G 173-174; handle.
comparealso J 32.
G 183. GLOBULAR JUG. PI. 42.
0 177. PLATE. P 9694. H. 0.093; D. 0.098. Intact.
P 11467. H. 0.061; D. 0.247. Fragmentary; Reddish clay; dull, red glaze (partial).
restored. As G 182.
Rather coarse, orange-buffclay; dull, red glaze
(partial). Storage, Layer III, miscellaneousglazed and non-
As G 176, but the overhang of the rim is less glazed wares--fragmentsof two bowls as G 51 (but
pronounced. with higher rims and handles which project further
out from the rim); fragmentsof jugs as G 85, 0 86
G 178. PLATE FRAGMENT, STAMPED. PI. 57. and G 88; a neck fragmentsimilarto G 93; fragment
P 11464.Max.dim.0.037. Small,flatfloorfragment, of a liqueurcup as G 215.
without trace of foot or rim.
Rather coarse,reddishclay; dull, red glaze inside.
Tracesof two stamped palmettes, the tips toward COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES
the centerof the floor,and of two concentricgrooves.
This tiny fragmentsuggests the local, late Roman G 184. BOWL, SEMI-GLAZED. Pls. 7, 67.
stamped ware which occurs in deposits of the 4th P 11461. H. 0.09; D. rest. 0.297. Fragmentary;
and 5th centuries (cf. L 59-61, M 289); if of such restored.
fabric, G 178 must certainly be an intrusionhere in Light reddish clay; dull, red glaze (partial).
a fill which contains no other fragments which can be At the center of the floor, a shallow, circular
dated later than the 2nd century. depression (D. 0.06) surrounded by a ridge. Two
horizontal handles, applied below the rim and
0 179. HEMISPHERICAL BOWL, FLANGED RIM. P1. 7.
pressed up at the center against the undersurface of
P 11479. P.H. 0.075; D. est. 0.212. About one- the rim.
third of rim and part of wall preserved. Compare G 78. P 9926, a similar bowl from
Orange-buff, micaceous clay; orange-red glaze, Deposit M 19:1, has a pattern of stamped diamonds
much worn, fired dark brown over most of the impressed within the central depression of the floor.
interior. Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar
Hemispherical bowl with vertical, flanged rim, bowls (one with diameter est. 0.40).
42 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
great variety of sizes (D. 0.24-0.44) and rim shapes The neck construction is similar to that of the
(obliquewall with plainor thickenedlip; roundedwall Coan type amphoraeas F 93; the horned handles
with thickenedor everted lip). are like those of amphorae such as [M 54].
LARGESTORAGE
VESSELS
G 199. STORAGE AMPHORA FRAGMENT. P1. 8.
P 11476.P.H. 0.133; D. lip 0.126. Shoulder,neck
G 197. STORAGEAMPHORA. P1. 8. and handles only.
P 11481. P.H. 0.60; D. 0.302. Fragmentary; Coarse,reddish clay; self-slip; traces of a white
bottom missing; restored. slip on exterior.
Rather fine, pink to buff clay. Wide, vertical neck with thickened lip; sloping
Wide, almost cylindrical body with rounded shoulderfrom which the vertical wall is set off at a
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
shoulderand very narrow,short neck; thickenedlip. sharp angle. Handles marked by deep, longitudinal
The bottom was presumablyrounded,with a slight groove;the clay on eitherside of the grooveis pinched
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
pointorprojectingknob at the center.Handlesarched, sharply together at the bend of the handle, creating
oval in section. CompareH 20, [K 112 M 102. an almost pointed termination. Horizontal grooves
This type of amphora, very common ], in the 1st on the shoulder.
and early 2nd centuries, occasionally bears a Parallels of later date may be seen in L 11 and
stamp on one handle (cf. G 218). M 239.
Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar
amphorae;the clay varies from buff to pinkish buff, Storage,Layer III, large storagevessels-fragments
yellowish buff and (in one instance) brick-red; of an amphoraof Coantype as F 93 (the body was
generallythe fabricis finerand thinnerthan in other probably more slender than in the specimen of the
storageamphorae. 1st century B.C.); fragments of amphoraeas F 94,
[K 1141,M 41 and M 47. Attention should be called
G 198. STORAGE AMPHORA FRAGMENT. Pls. 8, 42. also to one Thasian and three Knidian stamped
P 22064. P.H. 0.38; D. lip 0.163. Shoulder,neck amphora handles from Layer III (SS 7333, 7396,
and handles preserved;partly restored. 7397 and 7406); all of these are consideredby Miss
Gritty, buff to pinkish buff clay; self-slip. VirginiaGraceto be earlierin date than 86 B.C. and
Concave shoulder set off from the neck; double for that reasonare not includedin this catalogue.
rolled, hornedhandles; groove below lip.
G 200. LAMP. Rim: ovule pattern with side panels. Discus: man
L 4877b. P.L. 0.111; P.W. 0.081; H. 0.033. half r., wearingtunic and high boots, carryinganother
Fragmentary; nozzle and discus missing. person on his 1. shoulder (Aeneas and Anchises?).
Buff clay; brownish glaze, fired black on discus Perlzweig.
and part of rim.
From a lamp of Broneer'stype XXIV. Rim plain G 203. LAMP. P1. 44.
and narrow,set off from discus by grooves. Handle L 3203. P.L. 0.079. Nozzle,part of discusand most
mouldmade,pierced, grooved on top only. Trace of of bottom missing; partly restored.
a signature(2) on base. Perlzweig. Gray-buffclay.
Rim: small ovule pattern. Discus: rays. Handle
G 201. LAMP. P1. 44. pierced,grooved on top. Perlzweig.
L 4876. P.L. 0.07; P.W. 0.07; H. 0.03. Fragmen-
tary; nozzle and much of body and discus missing. G 204. LAMP. P1.44.
Buff clay; purplish brown glaze with metallic L 3202.L. 0.102;W. rest.0.076;H. 0.028.Fragmen-
luster. tary; base missing; restored.
Rim plain and narrow. Discus: wreath. Handle Buff clay.
on
mouldmade,pierced,grooved top only. Base plain. Rim: elongated ovules. Discus plain. Handle
Perlzweig. pierced, grooved on top. Perlzweig.
G 202.LAMP. P1.44. G 205. TERRACOTTA ANTEFIX. P1.49.
L 3201. Max. dim. 0.078. Two joining fragments A 805. P.H. 0.145; W. base 0.175. Brokenat top,
of rim and discus. bottom and back; trace of bottom surfacepreserved.
Pale, gray-buffclay. Coarse,red clay with grits; buff slip on front,
44 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
1
Hesperia, VI, 1937, pp. 354-356, figs. 18-19; Hesperia, XXI,1952, pp. 102-104,pl. 25,a. The fill was excavated between
May 29 and June 4, 1951, and again on May 8, 1952.
2 CompareH 4-6 and 16 with G 63, 68, 70, 71,
173; H 8-9 with G 179-180; H 11 with G 85-87; H 30 with G 19-20; H 31
with G 61.
3 CompareH 4-5 and 30 with J 28. It is worthy of note that the only lamps or lamp fragments which occur in Group H
are of Broneer's type XX-there are no traces of Broneer's type XXVII lamps such as occur in Layer III of Group G
(G 202-203) and in Group J (J 6, 65-66).
4 John Travlos suggests that the carving of the geison resembles that of Antonine structures at Eleusis, as the Great
Propylaea and the two adjacent monumental arches, constructed in the time of Antoninus Pius. Professor Homer Thompson
calls attention to the similarity between our geison and that of the monopteroi of the Nymphaeum of Herodes Atticus at
Olympia, which is dated between 147 and 161 (OlympischeForschungen,I, Berlin, de Gruyter, 1944, pp. 72ff., pl. 30).
GROUP H 47
H 11. GLOBULAR JUG. P1.8. Reddish clay with some grits; dark, orange-red
P 21387.P.H. 0.067; D. lip est. 0.08. Twofragments glazewith faint luster,mottledblackin part (cf. H 4).
Domed lid with everted rim and plain lip; low,
preservehandle and part of rim and body.
Light reddishclay; reddishglaze. plain knob, flat on top and bevelledaroundthe edge.
Two concentricgrooves on the upper surfaceof the
Shapeas G 85-86.
rim and two below the knob.
Storage-fragments of two otherjugs as H 11.
Storage-fragments of anothersimilarlid.
H 12. BOWL. P1. 8.
P 21886. H. 0.064; D. est. 0.135. Fragmentary; [H 17]. JUG. Pi. 8.
restored. P 13597. Deposit N 19:2 (late 1st to early 2nd
Rather coarse,orange-redclay; dull, red glaze on century).
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Bowl with roundedwall on ring foot; at the top Brownish clay; dull, black to brownish glaze
the wall curvesinwardand terminatesin a plain lip. (partial).
Plump body on ring foot; high neck with everted
[11H13. BOWL. Pl. 8. lip, flat on top. Ridged handle with applied thumb-
rest at top (cf. H 11, G 85-86). The lip projectsout
P 8154. Deposit C 9 :1 (early 2nd century). in a small lug on either side of t. a. h. Two bands of
H. 0.121; D. 0.195. Almost complete;restored.
Reddish clay; dull, reddishglaze (partial). roulettingaroundthe body belowb. a. h.; three pairs
of groovesaroundthe neck.
Deep bowlwith angularwall on ring foot. Everted, Storage-fragments of neck and shoulderof a jug
horizontalrim with vertical lip. Bands of rouletting similar to P 13597.
at middle and bottom of the vertical wall surface;
a groovejust below the angle of the wall.
Storage-fragments of two bowlssimilarto P 8154. [H 18].
JUG FRAGMENT. P1.8.
P 11165. Deposit B 13 :2 (2nd century).
H 14. MINIATUREKANTHAROS. P1.8. P.H. 0.147; D. rest. 0.156. Fragmentary; the
lower body missing; partly restored.
P 22463. P.H. 0.064; D. 0.052. Lip, both handles
Pinkish clay, self-slip.
and part of body missing; partly restored.
From a jug with roundedshoulder,narrow,flaring
Brownishbuff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze.
neck and plain lip. Handle deeply grooved;the neck
An archaisticrevivalof the Hellenistickantharosas
Three bands of rouletting around the
seen in the West Slope specimenB 20. The body is wheel-ridged.
shoulder.
wheel-ridged.CompareK 52--53,M 162.
Miniaturevessels occur frequently in fillings of Storage--fragments of the necks of two jugs
similarto P 11165.
the late 2nd and the 3rd centuries:J 1-3, J 12, J 37,
K 69-72, L 5-7, M 73, M 116, M 160-161.
H 19. COOKINGPOT FRAGMENT. P1.8.
H 15. THYMIATERION. Pl. 8. P 22464. Max. dim. 0.096; D. loop handle 0.058.
P 21418. H. rest. 0.09; D. 0.085. Entire lip and Wall fragmentwith handle.
part of foot missing;restored.
Rather coarse,reddishclay; brownishslip.
Pinkishbuffclay with somemica; matt, white slip, From a vessel with vertical wall and sloping
muchworn.Tracesof burningon the floorof the cup. shoulder set off at a sharp angle. Vertical handle,
A flat-bottomed cup with flaring wall (and applied below the junction of wall and shoulder,with
a freely-moving ring handle attached to it.
presumably plain lip, as in the analogous piece from
Deposit B 21:1, P 17052) is supported on a hollow,
flaring stem foot; between cup and foot, a projecting, H 20. AMPHORA FRAGMENT, DIPINTO. Pls. 8, 59.
horizontal flange. P 21381. P.H. 0.115; D. lip 0.064. Neck, shoulder
For other thymiateria see G 159, M 74, M 224; the
and parts of both handles preserved.
shapeis not uncommonin the 2nd and 3rd centuries. Reddish buff clay, yellowish buff slip.
The lid J 53 may have served as cover for such an From an amphora as G 197 and M 102. On the
incense-burner. On thymiateria in general, see shoulder, inscription in black paint: of four lines
K. Wigand, Bonn. Jahrb., CXXII, 1912, pp. 1-97. partially preserved, only the second is legible, rrdrooov
(raisin wine).
H 16. LID. P1. 8.
P 21880. H. 0.044; D. 0.147. Fragmentary; Storage, pottery-several fragments of Samian A
restored. pottery and parts of jugs as [G 103] and M 80.
GROUP H 49
Group J constitutes the lower (period of use) filling of a well (Deposit C 12:1) located on
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Kolonos Agoraios to the south of the Hephaisteion. Of the building with which the well was
associated nothing remains, for most of this area had been denuded long before the start of the
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
excavation. The well had a diameter of 1.07 m. and a total depth of 21.05 m. from the preserved
rock surface; it was cut through hard rock and no terracotta tiles were used for lining the shaft.'
The lower filling, from 16.00 m. to bottom, appears to have accumulated while the well was in
use and is characterizedby numerous water jars and amphorae re-used as water jars. The
terminuspost quemfor this group is indicated by the dipinto on J 5, which was found in Layer I;
this dipinto recordsas date the fourteenth year of the reign of the emperorHadrian (137/138).2
This storage amphora may have been kept in the wine cellar for several years before being
decanted," and after being emptied of its original contents it was put into use as a well jar. The
date at which it fell irretrievably into the well may perhaps be set between 138 and 150. All the
pottery found with or above J 5 must then be dated around the middle of the 2nd century
and later.
For the terminus ante quem of the lower filling of the well we must turn to the upper fill
(top to 16.00 m.), which seems to have been thrown in at one time to close the well shaft. This
filling contained relatively little pottery; but the presence in it of fragments of mosaic floor (at
depth ca. 10.00 m.) indicates that the filling derived from the destruction debris of some
neighboring building. Of the twenty-four bronze coins found in the well, eight certainly came
from the upper filling; the others, discovered in the sifting of the dried well-earth, after exca-
vation, probably came primarily from the upper levels of the shaft, since there are included.
among them at least two coins later in date than the pottery of the period-of-usefill.4It is likely
that the well went out of use at least no later than 267, when the Heruli sacked Athens. After
that disaster much of the area of the old Agora was abandoned by the citizens when they
retreated within the restricted area protected by the Late Roman Fortification;5 and the
1 The well was excavated between March 16 and
April 29, 1936.
2 The fourteenth year of Hadrian, if calculated by the Athenian "era" (i.e., from the date of Hadrian's first visit to the
city in 124/125), must be 137/138 (see P. Graindor, Athdnessous Hadrien, Cairo, 1934, pp. 2-8). Unfortunately, it is not
absolutely certain that the amphora J 5 is of Attic manufacture; its inscription might possibly, therefore, represent the era
of some other eastern city, though it will in any event be no earlier than 130/131.
3 We need not, I think, concern ourselves here with such unusually long cellarage as that of the Italian wines of the
Opimian vintage of 121 B.C., which were still being decanted two hundred years later (felix autumnusOpimi, Martial, XIII,
113, 1; Pliny, Nat. Hist., XIV, 55; see also Juvenal, Sat., V, 30-31). Twenty years seems to be the maximum cellarage
for even the better quality wines (Pliny, Nat. Hist., XIV, 57), although Horace records some wines thirty-five to sixty
years old (Carm., III, 8, 9-12; III, 21, 1-8; III, 14, 16-20). Four-year-old wine was regarded highly (Horace, Carm., I,
14, 7; Theocritus, XIV, 16; VII, 147) and certain wines were broached into amphorae only after four years of aging in the
dolium (C.I.L., XV, 2, 1, no. 4539; Palladius, XI, 14, 4). Dioscurides (Mat. Med., V, 12) makes the following recommendation
regarding the aging of wines: of aroa S6 Triv IAtK7iav cSbot wrr6Trr-&
&pio-ro wrrp6wrr6atv, f?rGv;while Pliny (Nat. Hist.,
XXIII, 1, 20) adds that Falernian wine is at its best when aged fifteen years.
* The significant coins are:
Constantine II, 337-340 (one specimen), as Thompson, Coins, no. 1025.
Gordianus III, 241-243 (one specimen), as Thompson, Coins, no. 282.
5 V. supra, p. 3.
GROUP J 51
debris-fillingmay have been dumped into the abandoned well-shaft after the departure of the
barbarianhordes.6
Thus the lowest five meters of fill may represent slightly more than a century of use of the
well, from the middle of the 2nd century to 267. However, the absence of fragments of late
Roman red ware and the rarity of painted-ware bowls such as occur commonly in the pre-
Herulian GroupK (K 19-28) suggest that Group J was probably closed considerablybefore 267,
perhaps by the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century.7
In the excavation of Group J (the period-of-use filling of the well) the possibility of strati-
fication was not immediately recognized and the depth at which the objects were found is not
recorded within narrow limits in all cases. Ir the following catalogue the objects are divided
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
arbitrarily into three layers (19.75-19.20 m.; 19.20-17.20 m.; and ca. 16.00 m.)8 numbered
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
successively in the order of their accumulation; objects whose exact location within the fill
is not recorded are listed subsequently under the rubric "Layers I-III." There seems to be no
possibility at the present time of fixing specifically the chronology of the individual layers.
JUG, ROUNDMOUTH.
J 1. MINIATURE P1. 9. glaze:stripesonlipandhandles;a straighthorizontal
P 7580. H. 0.065; D. 0.057. Lip chipped. band below the handles; a broad, wavy band on
Pinkish buff clay; dull, reddish to black glaze either side betweenthe handles.
(except on base). CompareG 101, J 40, M 39-40.
Squat, piriformbody with flat base; everted lip; J 5. STORAGE AMPHORA, DIPINTO. Pls. 11, 59.
no neck. Sliced handle; groove at b. a. h. For other
P 7583. P.H. 0.549; D. 0.295. Neck and handles
miniaturevesselssee H 14.
missing; filling hole. Publ. A.J.A., XL, 1936, p. 410
J 2. MINIATURE JAR, BASKET HANDLE. P1.9. (with incorrectreadingof secondline of inscription).
P 7578. H. 0.078; D. 0.056. Intact. Reddish clay with grits; thin, reddish wash over
Orange-buffclay, micaceousand gritty. upperpart of exterior.Mastic.
Ovoid body with flat base; high neck; grooved The body tapersslightly fromthe angularshoulder
handle. toward a high, flaring,ring foot; the base is convex.
The shoulderslopes upwardinto a narrow,tapering
J 3. MINIATURE JAR, BASKET HANDLE. P1.9. neck. On the shoulder,an inscriptionin black paint:
P 7579. H. 0.074; D. 0.052. Intact. "E-rouvSt 'AptavoG I vciavaotiov(the reading of
Gritty, gray-buffclay; slip, mottled greenish buff the final word is that of J. H. Oliver; cf. &irrroti
to purplishbuff. viauioraial, Geoponica, 111,2,1, in the sense of
As J 2. "year-oldvines"; the meaningmay be that the wine
had alreadyaged one year in the doliumbeforebeing
J 4. STAMNOS,PARTLYGLAZED. Pi. 10.
broachedinto the amphorain the fourteenthyear of
P 7581. H. 0.22; D. 0.20. Broken;one handle Hadrian'sreign). On the form instead of the more
8t
missing; restored. usual t8 for the ordinal numeral, see Tod, B.S.A.,
Soft, gritty, reddishbuff clay. XLV, 1950, p. 129.
Plump ovoid body on low ring foot; small, everted
lip. Two horizontalhandles, round in section, tilted J 6. LAMP. P1. 45.
upward.Three grooves aroundbody at level of L 2318. L. 0.08; W. 0.063; H. 0.026. Intact.
handle attachments.Decorationin dull reddish Soft,orange-buff
clay.
6 The coin of Constantine II found in the sifting of the well-earth may represent an intrusion into the topmost level of the
filling or may indicate a 4th century re-filling necessitated by the settling of the first post-Herulian deposit.
7 It is notable also that
Group K contained no lamps of the types represented by J 59-60, J 61-62 and J 63-64. Unfortu-
nately, however, there is no record of the depth within the bottom filling at which lamps J 59-64 were found; they may
merely represent the lowest filling, Layer I, which is certainly of the late 2nd century and therefore earlier in date than
Group K. On the other hand, Miss Judith Perlzweig informs me that lamp J 23 (found at the very top of Layer III, at the
point of change to the upper, dumped fill) is of the mid 3rd century and that J 65 (Layers I-III) and J 66 (from the well-
earth) are probably of the second half of the 3rd century, though both may be pre-Herulian.
8
Only one object, the lead pail J 9, was found between 19.75 m. and bottom at 21.05 m.
4*
52 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
Rim: smallovules, set closeto discus.Discusplain. A pin-like object, pointed at one end and termi-
Handle pierced and grooved above and below. nating, at the other, in an open right hand; at the
Circulargroove on base; no signature. "wrist,"a braceletof rope pattern in relief.
J 7. TERRACOTTA
COLUMN
SECTION. P1.50. J 9. LEADBUCKET. P1.51.
A 652. D. 0.21-0.218; Th. 0.065. Intact. IL 369. P.H. 0.195; Max. W. at rim 0.225.
Coarse,reddish buff clay. Centralhole filled with Handle missing; body dented, especially at the
lime mortar. bottom, but complete.
As G161. Diameterof centralhole0.06.Depressions Round-bottomedbucket with plain lip, slightly
(marksof potter's fingers)on one surfaceonly. thickenedon exterior. At rim, on either side, a lead
lug for an attachment of iron-presumably a ring
J 8. BONE OBJECT. P1.56. through which passed an end of a movable bail
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
the tips of the first and little fingersof the hand are Found at the very bottom of the well deposit
brokenaway. (19.75 m.-21.05 m.).
J 10. GLOBULARJUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.9. Figureof a young boy; the long hair terminatesin
P 7585. H. 0.071; D. 0.067. Intact. curls and there is a braided lock of hair extending
Yellowish buff clay; dull, brownish black to from front to back acrossthe crown;the eyeballsare
purplishbrownglaze (except base). piercedthrough.A long, hoodedcloak, sewntogether
Globular body on low, flat base; the base left in a vertical seam down the front of the body,
roughfrom the wheel. Low, obliquerim, set off from encloses the arms; the peaked hood is thrown back
body by an angularridge. Slicedhandle. and over the shoulders.At the middle of the back, a
small, vertical, pierced handle similar to those of
J 11. GLOBULAR JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.9. lamps such as J 6 and J 23. Perlzweig-Grandjouan.
P 7538. H. 0.067; D. 0.06. Intact. Another,morecompletefigureof this type (L 2508,
Pinkish buff clay; dull, red glaze (except base). from Deposit E 11:2) shows that the lamp proper
As J 10, but with finished base; rim is slightly projected horizontally from the groin; it was pre-
higher and is not offset from body by a ridge. Body sumably in the form of a phallus. The youthful
lightly wheel-ridged. figure may represent Telesphoros, although that
associateof Asklepiosis generallyportrayedwearing
J 12. MINIATURE CUP. P1.9. a cloakwith the peakedhood drawnup over the head
P 7536. H. 0.05; D. 0.047. Intact.
(cf. Hesperia, XIX, 1950, p. 333, pl. 106, a; also
Dark buff clay; brownish to dark brown glaze Agora lamp L 3104, from the 2nd century filling of
(exceptbase). DepositE 14:2). The worshipof Telesphorosappears
Small, flat-bottomed cup; the wall is slightly to have been introducedto Athens (fromPergamon)
constrictedbelow the plainlip and is deeplyindented in the late years of the 2nd century, possibly as a
at four points. No handle. For other miniature result of the great plague which was
brought back
vessels see underH 14. fromthe east in 166 by the soldiersof MarcusAurelius'
J 13. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. Pls. 10, 42. Parthian campaigns.9The religious significanceand
P 7537. H. 0.205; D. 0.125. Intact.
Buff to orange-buffclay, self-slip.
9 Amm. Marc., XXIII, 6, 24; Script. Hist. Aug., Marcus
Ovoid body on ring foot. Round mouth wiuh Aurelius, 13,3; 13,5; 17,2; 21,6. In 174/5, in the archonshipof
everted lip, grooved on top. Groovedhandle, rising M. Munatius Vopiscus, a ceremony was celebrated in Athens
in the name of Asklepios; on that occasion paeans were sung
slightly above and indenting the lip at point of to Asklepios and Koronis and the event was recordedca. 225
attachment. Body lightly wheel-ridged;horizontal in a monument honoring Sarapion of Chollidai (Hesperia, V,
groove at b. a. h. 1936, pp. 91-122; for the date, Hesperia, XVIII, 1949, p. 55).
A similar monument, not accurately dated but generally
J 14. PLASTIC LAMP. P1.47. assigned to the 3rd century (I.G., II, 4533), records three
L 2801. P.H. 0.131; W. at head 0.038. Base and other paeans written to Asklepios, Hygieia and Telesphoros,
lower part of body brokenaway. the last of whom is recordedas having relieved the land of the
Reddish clay; dull, dark reddishglaze. Madein a Kekropidai from a plague; Telesphoros is also mentioned in
ephebic inscriptions as early as 194/5 (j.G., II, 2127, lines 6,
two-part mould, the seams extending vertically up 10; I.G., II, 2227, line 3; for dating see Hesperia, XVIII,
the sides. 1949, pp. 53, 54). See also I.G., IIa, 4531 and 4541.
GROUP J 53
ritual characterof Telesphorosis far from clear,10but As J 15, but with the addition of a second and
he is certainlyassociatedwith the healingaspectsand smallereye, close to the blunt end.
incubation practices of the Asklepios cult. It is
J 17. BRONZE BELL. P1. 58.
perhapsnot surprisingthat the deity should appear
figuredin a plastic lamp, since he is connectedwith B 326. H. 0.051; D. 0.044. Part of handle and
the nocturnal rituals of the cult and is called, in a clappermissing. The piece has not been subjectedto
3rd century hymn, pacofivPpo-ros, while his appear- cleaning.
ance in a dreamto Aelius Aristideswas accompanied Conicalbell with loop handleabove for suspension.
by a brilliantflashof light.ll On the interior,obscuredby heavy corrosion,remains
of a clapper(?).
J 15. BONE NEEDLE. Pl. 56. J 18. LEADBUCKET.
BI 230. L. 0.136; W. 0.005. Intact.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
made by drillingtwo holes close to one anotheron the out of shape,especiallyat the bottom;handlemissing.
As J 9.
axis of the shaft and cutting away the bridgebetween
them. Attention should be called to a stamped amphora
handle (Knidian) of Hellenistic date from Layer II
J 16.BONENEEDLE. (S8 5922); it is not cataloguedhere since it has no
BI 231. L. 0.146; W. 0.007. Intact. relation to the materialof Roman date.
The lamp properconsistsof a basis, roughlyovoid at bottom the break coincideswith the position of a
in plan and markedby three horizontalgrooves on joint in the branchfromwhich the piece was cut.
the side; the wick-holeis pierced in the top of the A small, flat piece of wood; on the upper surface
basistowardthe front. Onthe basisis seateda winged, are cut four shallow,oval depressions,at the center
male figure,nude except for boxing gloves (tp-dvT-s) of each of which is a very small hole which does not
which extend to above the elbows; the right knee is penetrateentirelythroughto the underside.The oval
drawnup, the right forearmresting on the knee, the depressionswere presumablydesigned for inlays of
chin supportedin the right hand. The pupils of the ivory, stone or glass.
eyes are representedby punch-marks.A vertical lug
handle, piercedhorizontally,projectsfrom the back J 27. STATUE OF MOTHER OF THE GODS, MARBLE.
of the figure. Perlzweig-Grandjouan.
S 731. H. 0.338; W. 0.213. Right forearmand part
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
LAYERS I-III
J 34. GLOBULARJUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.9. J 41. JUG, TREFOILMOUTH. P1. 10.
P 8824. H. 0.07; D. 0.068. Part of body missing; P 8882. H. 0.252; D. 0.171. Almost complete;
restored. restored.
Dark buff clay; dull, black glaze (except base). Soft, gritty, buff clay; self-slip.
Shape as J 10. Ovoid body on ring foot; rather wide neck with
plain, slightly everted lip; trefoil mouth. Ridged
J 35. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 9. handle rising from lip, which is indented at point of
P 22546. H. 0.148; D. 0.113. Almost complete; handle attachment.
restored.
Gritty, yellowish buff clay; dull, brownishyellow [J 421. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. Pl. 10.
glaze (except foot). P 15291. Deposit N 17:2 (1st and 2nd century
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
of Group J; J 47 should be equated with Layer III Low, conicallid with plain lip; circularknob, flat
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
M
(cf. 126). on top and piercedvertically by a small hole.
The hole in the knob and the interior blackening
J 48. AMPHORA. P. 10.
suggest that this lid may have servedas cover for an
P 83880.H. 0.273; D. 0.175. Almost complete. incense-burner(thymiaterion)such as H 16 or M 74.
Soft, gritty, orange-buff clay; dull, red glaze
(except on foot and base). J 54. LID (2). P1. 11.
Ovoidbody on ringfoot; evertedlip; plainhandles. P 8329. D. 0.079; Th. 0.012. About half preserved;
Horizontal grooves at t. a. h. and b. a. h. and at restored.
juncture of neck with shoulder. Soft, yellow-buffclay.
Other examples of this shape are found in K 68 A small disc, stamped or mouldmade, with six
and L 3; comparealso p. 31. rays in relief on the top surface.Apparentlypierced
Storage, Layers I-III-fragments of at least two by a hole at the center (the clay is so soft and the
similaramphorae. surface here so worn that it is not possible to be
J 49. CYLINDRICALAMPHORA. Pl. 10.
certain on this point; there might have been a low
central knob, as on a somewhat similar piece, P
P 8331. P.H. 0.177; D. 0.111. Neck and both hand-
les missing. 16485).
Buff clay, firedred at core; self-slip. Storage,Layers I-III, coarsewares-fragments of a
Cylindricalbody, constricted at bottom to a false handleless pot as K 97-105, of a trefoil-mouthjug
ring foot; convex shoulder; two vertical handles. similar to G 188, of at least two one-handledjars
Entire body and shoulderwheel-ridged. similarto M 126 and of a jug as M 167.
For the shape of neck and handles,compareK 85.
See also L 52. COOKING WARES
J 50. AMPHORA. P1. 11. J 55. COOKINGPOT. Pls. 11, 72.
P 8334. P.H. 0.47; D. 0.315. Toe and most of lip P 8888. H. 0.24; D. 0.218; D. lip 0.205. Almost
missing;lip restored.Filling hole. complete;restored.
Soft, gritty, orange-buffclay; self-slip. Reddish clay, fired gray on exterior; thin fabric.
Plump, ovoid body, tapering to a narrow toe; Deep, wheel-ridgedbody, the base only slightly
narrowneck with high lip which curves slightly in- flattened. Two small, vertical handlesjust below the
ward at top. Handlesroundin section. evertedlip.
P1. 11.
CompareG 193.
J 51. AMPHORA.
P 8885. P.H.0.515; D. O.385.Lip, most of one handle 3 6., COOKINGPOT. P1.11.
and fragments of shoulder missing; filling hole ( ). P 8889. P.H. 0.178; D. 0.177. Base and fragments
Soft, very gritty, yellow-buff clay. of body missing; restored.
Ovoid body on spreading, tubular foot; base Clay as J 56. Shape as J 55, but smaller.
convex. Tall, narrow, tapering neck; heavy handles
with longitudinal groove along spine and another
J 57, COOKING POT. Pls. 11, 72.
along one edge. P 22548. P.H. 0.115; D. 0.21; D. lip 0.206. Bottom,
The shape is similar to that of J 5 (the Hadrian one handle and fragments of body missing; partly
restored.
amphora), but the fabric is entirely different.
Coarse, gritty, gray clay, fired red at core.
J 52. AMPHORA (2) FRAGMENT, DIPINTO. P1. 59. Lower half of body wheel-ridged; two small,
P 8841. Max. dim. 0.185. Two joining fragments vertical handles under the everted lip. The bottom
from the shoulder of a coarse, closed vessel. was presumably rounded. Compare G 194-196, K 93.
GROUP
J 57
J 58. LID. P1. 11. Conical lid with plain lip; handle in form of a
P 8328.H. 0.075; D. 0.255-0.261.Almostcomplete; circular knob, the top of which is concave.
restored. This lid fits well the cookingdish J 22.
Coarse,gritty, brownishclay.
OBJECTS
OTHER
THAN
POTTERY
J 59. LAMP. J 64. LAMP. P1.45.
L 2632. Max. dim. largest fragment 0.059. Three L 2361. L. 0.087; W. 0.066; H. 0.03. Intact ex-
non-joiningfragmentsof wall, base and discus. cept for chippingaroundthe filling hole.
Orange-buffclay; dull, dark reddish glaze. Reddish buff clay; dull, red to brownishred glaze.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
From a lamp as G 143-145, G 223-225, H 21-22; Rim plain. Discus: shell pattern. From the base
the relief dots are large; the center of the base and of the nozzle two volutes extend to the sides along
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
signature(if any) are missing. Perlzweig. the rim. Handle: pierced,grooved above and below.
Base: raised ring (resting surface), no signature.
3 60. LAMP, SIGNED. P1.45.
Perlzweig.
L 2365. L. 0.094; W. 0.064; H. 0.036. Intact ex- This lamp is from the well-earth(of. J 60).
cept for two small holes in body.
Orange-redclay, thin and brittle; dull, orange-red J 65. LAMP, SIGNED (?). Pl. 45.
glaze. L W. est. 0.08. Threenon-joiningfragments
263388.
As G 143-145, G 223-225, H 21-22; the relief dots preservepart of rim, nozzleand body, includingsome
on body are smallandclose-set.Handlegroovedlongi- of the base.
tudinally, not made in the mould. Base: the letter Soft, gritty, yellow-buffclay.
alpha in relief. Perlzweig. Rim: raised dots and raised panel at side. Discus
This lamp, as also J 62, J 64 and J 66, was found plain. Nozzle raised above the level of the adjacent
in the course of sifting the dried well-earth, after rim. Base: traceof a signature( ?) in relief.Perlzweig.
complete excavation of the shaft; it is not certain,
therefore, that these pieces belong to Layers I-III J 66. LAMP. P1. 45.
rather than to the upper, dumpedfilling. L 2364. P.L. 0.096; W. 0.077; H. 0.033. Complete
except for tip of nozzle.
J 61. LAMP. P1. 45. Pinkish buff clay, self-slip.
L 2634. L. rest. 0.122; W. rest. 0.077; H. rest. 0.03. Rim: bandof raiseddots. Discus: crescent.Handle:
Base and much of nozzle missing; the preserved pierced, grooved above and below. Base: concentric
nozzle fragmentdoes not join. Restored. ridges. Perlzweig.
Pinkish buff clay; orange-redglaze. This lamp is from the well-earth(cf. J 60).
Rim plain. Discus: bear to right. Volutes at base
of nozzle.Handle: pierced,groovedabove. Perlzweig. J 67. TERRACOTTA FIGURINE FRAGMENT. P1. 48.
T 1270. P.H. 0.097; Max. P.W. 0.043. Single frag-
J 62. LAMP, SIGNED. Pl. 45. ment
preservesfront of body from neck to knees.
L 2383. P.L. 0.084; W. 0.077; H. 0.03. Handle, Rather soft, reddish clay; traces of white paint
part of discus and nozzle missing. on drapery.
Hard, reddishclay; dull, reddishglaze. An elderlymale figurestandingwith kneesslightly
Rim plain. Discus plain and surroundedby two bent. A garment,fastenedat the left shoulder,covers
grooveswhich flareout at base of nozzle into volutes. the chest and lower body. A phallus (now missing)
Tripartitelug at rim on either side. Base: the letter was made separately and inserted in a hole in the
alpha, incised in the clay before firing. Perlzweig. front of the body. Grandjouan.
This lamp is from the well-earth(of. J 60).
J 68. BONE SPOON FRAGMENT. P1.56.
J 63. LAMP, SIGNED. Pl. 45. BI 318. P.L. 0.065; W. 0.034. Thehandleis missing.
L 2631. L. 0.102; W. 0.072; H. 0.035. Fragments The shallow, ovoid bowl of a spoon, similar to
of base and body missing. M 111.
Light reddish clay; white slip, over which an
orange glaze, much worn. 3 69. GLASSVESSELFRAGMENT. P1. 54.
Rim and discus plain and separated by two circular G 78. P.H. 0.026; D. base 0.051. A single fragment
grooves. Top surface of nozzle recessed below rim preserves the base and part of the wall. Translucent,
level; two small, circular punch-marks on rim at base green glass.
of nozzle. Handle: pierced, grooved above. Base: From a cup (2) with flat base; oblique wall marked
trace of an incuse signature. Perlzweig. by four vertical indentationsas in G 42 and H 2.
GROUP K
MIDDLE OF 8RD CENTURY
cornerof the Agora.'The positionof the basinand drainin relationto the Late RomanForti-
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
ficationand the Churchof the Holy Apostlesis indicatedon Plate 76 (the east end of the basin
touchesthe east edge of grid-squareQ 15). The basinwas constructedat the west edge of the
PanathenaicWay. It was designedto collect surfacewaterwhichfloweddownfromthe south
on the stone pavement;fromthe basinthe waterwas conductedby meansof a shorttributary
draininto the East Branchof the GreatDrainof the Agora.
Lyingundera coveringof slabs of marbleand conglomerate,whichpresumablyformedpart
of the roadpavingabove,the collectingbasinconstitutesa rectangularpit, measuringapproxi-
mately 1.60 m. deep, 1.50 m. wide and 3.50 m. long (P1.74). The walls of the pit at north,east
and south werelined with largeblocksof porosand conglomerate,whilethe floorwas covered
with eight re-usedmarbleroof tiles.2Fromthe westernend of the pit opensout the tributary
drain,its walls, floor and cover-slabsbuilt of re-usedporosblocks; width and height of the
channelare, respectively,0.85-0.90m. and 1.00-1.30m. Westwardof the pit the roofand floor
of the draindrop,step-fashion,about0.35 m.; 2.80 m. west of the pit thereis an abruptdrop
of 0.80 m. to what may representan earlierdrainchannel.Froma point 5.00 m. west of the pit
the drainchannelwas tunneledthroughsoft bedrock;its width and height at this point are
ca. 0.60-0.80m. and 1.70-1.80m.3 Inasmuchas the investigationsof the GreatDrainalongthe
southernlimit of the Agorahave not been completed,it is impossibleto enterinto a discussion
of the drainagesystem and the historyof its construction.For the purposesof this study the
only importantaspect of the problemis the date at whichthe easternend of the system went
out of use and was filledwith debris.
In the excavationof basin and drainseverallayers of fillingwere noted: at the bottom of
both, a thick layer of coarse,water-washedgravel; above this, in the basin only, 0.50 m. of
sandandgravelwhichcontainedvery little pottery;at a higherlevelin basinand drain,a thick
layer of sand containinglarge quantitiesof brokenpottery (the objects cataloguedhere as
GroupK); at the top, a layer of gravelin the basin and of mud and sand in the drain.The
presenceof brokenbedrockin the drainchannelover the lowestgravellayer suggeststhat the
naturalroofof the drain,between5.60 m. and 9.00 m. west of the basin,collapsedand put the
moreeasterlysectionof the system permanentlyout of use. Subsequentlythe basinand drain
werefilledwith debrisconsistingof householdrubbish;over this, sand and gravelwashedin,
fillingthe system to the top.
1 The basin was excavated between June 8 and 17, 1933; the drain leading westward from the basin was excavated May 20
to June 3, 1936.
s Hesperia, IV, 1935, p. 337, fig. 24. Five of the tiles were subsequently removed and inventoried: A 1123-1124, A 1917-1919.
3 It is possible that the tunnel
originally was triangular in its vertical cross-section.
* The predominance of table ware over kitchen ware and the infrequence of water jars (such as characterize well and
cistern deposits) are noticeable.
GROUP K 59
The date at which the debriswas throwninto the system can, fortunately,be fixed within
relativelycloselimits. In the basin,belowthe layer of sandand pottery,werefoundsomeforty
bronzecoins;5these indicate as a terminuspost quemfor the layer above a date in the 3rd
century,and presumably(becauseof the upperlimit) in the first quarterof that century.6For
the terminusantequemwe must turn to K 144, a marbleportraithead of which one part, the
bust proper,was foundin the collectingbasin,in the debrisfilling.'Thejoininghead fragment
was foundnear by, built into the Late RomanFortification.This wall was constructedin the
late 3rd century,after the Heruliansack of 267;8 it is apparent,however,fromthe damageto
the surfaceand the wear of the brokenedges of the head of K 144, that this fragmentof the
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
portraitmust have been exposedto wearfor sometime beforeit was incorporatedinto the wall.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
FINE (IMPORTED)
WARES9 Similar shapes are well known in metal and in
Late Roman Red Ware. The rim of the silver Cor-
K 1 (B). RED WARE PLATE. Pls. 12, 64. bridgeLanx in the British Museumis rather similar
P 3059.H. 0.047; D. 0.355. Fragmentary;restored. to K 4 (J.R.S., IV, 1914,
frontisp.;dated in the late
Fine, hard, brick-red clay; thin, brittle fabric; 4th century by Dohrn, Mitt. des deut.arch.Inst., II,
dull, brick-redglaze (partial). 1949, pp. 116-117); see also the silver Risley Lanx,
Dohrn, op. cit., pp. 117-118. Red Ware platters:
K 2 (B). RED WARE PLATE. P1. 64.
Wace, Bull. de la soc. roy. d'archiol.d'Alexandrie,
P 2273. H. 0.043; D. est. 0.245. Fragmentary. no. 37, 1948, pp. 47-57; Cat. du MusdeAlaoui, 2e
Fine, hard, orange-redclay; thin, brittle fabric; suppl., p. 806, no. 1131, pl. XX,3.
dull, orange-redglaze (partial).
Shapeas K 1, but smaller. Storage, Drain, fine wares-worn fragments of two
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Storage,Basin--fragments of two similar plates SamianA vessels; these are not sufficientlylarge or
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
(H. 0.034, D. est. 0.19; H. 0.041, D. est. 0.26). numerous to be consideredas an indication that
Samianware continuedin use to so late a date as the
K 3 (B)..RED WAREBOWL. Pls. 12, 64. 3rd century.
P 3060. H. 0.052; D. rest. 0.33886. Fragmentary,
center of floormissing;restored.
MIsCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES
Fine, hard, orange-redclay; fabric less thin than
in K 1-2. Dull, red glaze. K 5 (D). PLATE, STAMPED. Pls. 36, 68.
On the broad, horizontalrim, a circularband of P 8499. H. 0.04; D. 0.138. Almost complete.
rouletting enclosed by grooves; another band of Rathersoft, yellowishbuffclay; dull,reddishglaze,
roulettingon the floor. much worn (partial).Base left rough from wheel (as
Storage,Basin-fragments of anothersimilarbowl. also on K 6-12).
Plate with flat floorand low, obliquewall; heavy,
K 4 (B). MOULDEDPLATTERFRAGMENT.,Pls. 12, 63. vertical rim with
pronouncedoverhang.At center of
P 20654. Max. dim. 0.058; Th. 0.009. Small rim floor a device-stamp:eight-petalledrosette (similar
fragmentwith trace of the wall. to that on K 6, but not from the identicaldie).
Hard,gray-buffclay with somegrits; dull, blackish This plate, together with K 6-12, represents a
brownglaze. group of stamped plates, apparentlyof local fabric,
The corner of the everted, horizontal rim of a which occur commonlyin 3rd century pre-Herulian
squareor rectangularplatter; the wall, probablylow, fills. J 30 is anotherrepresentativeof the group.
slopes away from the rim toward the interior. The Storage,Basin and Drain--fragmentsof numerous
rim decoratedwith a relief pattern of tendrils and similarplates, includingone identicalwith K 9.
rosettes enclosed by rectilinear ridges. The under-
surfaceof the rim slightly rough. K 6 (D). PLATE, STAMPED. P1.36.
P 8500. H. 0.037; D. est. 0.135. Fragmentary.
9 The RomanRed
Ware,whichoccursin K 1-3, has often Clay, glaze and shape as K 5. Stamp similar to
been referred to as "Late Roman A" (Waag6, Agora, that on K 5 but not from the identical die.
pp. 294-296; more recently, Jones, Tarsus, 1, pp. 203-206,
with bibliography in note 160) and has so been brought into K 7 (D). PLATE, STAMPED. Pls. 12, 36.
associationwith fabricstermed"Late RomanB, C and D"
(Waag6,Agora,pp. 296-308). It is apparent,however,from P 8501. H. 0.032; D. 0.129. Almost complete.
the geographicdistributionof these alphabeticfabricsthat Hard, reddish clay; dull, blackish glaze (partial).
only "A" and "B" have common parentage, while "C" and Shape as K 5. Stamp: eight-petalledrosette with
"D" are quite distinct. The former, moreover, are imported
dots between the tips of the petals.
into Athens,perhapsfrom Egypt or North Africa,and "C"
ware may be imported from the eastern Mediterraneanarea,
while "D" ware is a local Attic product.For more ready K 8 (B). PLATE STAMPED. P1. 36.
identificationof the severalwares,thefollowingnomenclature P 22878. H. 0.03388;D. 0.125. Fragmentary.
has been adopted in the study of the Agora material: Soft, orange-buffclay; dull, reddishglaze (partial).
Shape as K 5. Stamp: eight-petalledrosette.
"LateRomanB" (LateRoman)RedWare(asK 1-3)
"Late Roman C" = (Late Roman) Stamped Ware (as K 9 (B). PLATE, STAMPED. Pls1.12, 836.
M350) P 3063. H. 0.038; D. 0.142. Almost complete;
(LocalLateRoman)PaintedWare restored.
(as K 17, 19-28, 33, 58-61)
(Local Late Roman) Stamped Coarse, rather soft, orange clay; dull, red glaze
Ware (as L 59-61, M 289) (partial).
Separate studies of these late Roman wares will appear in the Shape as K 5. Stamp: cross with dots between the
secondvolumeof this work. arms.
GROUP K 61
K 10 (D). PLATE, STAMPED. P1. 86. the medallion, an inscriptionin white paint: [-]!
P 22881. Max. dim. 0.081. Fragment of floor and CompareL 63.
lifqca[i].
wall. The medallion is closely paralleledin the discus
Rather soft, yellow-buffclay; dull, brownishblack ornament of contemporarylamps, as Agora L 1015
glaze (partial). (P1.86; see also Broneer,Lamps,nos. 1216-1288 and
From a plate as K 5. Stamp (incomplete): a pl. XVIII). For other convivialinscriptionssee K 19,
crescent-shapedobject with incurving tips and a K 33, K 58(?), M 145-148, M 190 (P1.57).
diamond-shapedpoint between the tips (the same K 18 (B). BOWL. P1. 12.
stamp on K 11; cf. the rim ornament on the lamp P 8067.H. 0.058; D. 0.227. Fragmentary;restored.
[K 132]). Gritty, orange-redclay; dull, dark reddish glaze
K 11 (D). PLATE, STAMPED. P1. 36. (partial). Fabric and glaze very similar to those of
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Buff clay; dull, black glaze. Shape as K 17, but without appliquemedallionor
Shape as K 5. Stamp (incomplete):as K 10. interior grooves. No inscription. A groove outlines
the small, flat base.
K 12 (D). PLATE.
P 8502. H. 0.037; D. 0.1835.Intact. K 19 (B). PAINTED WAREBOWL, INSCRIPTION.
Soft, pinkishbuff clay, much worn; traces of dull, Pls. 57, 69.
red glaze (partial). P 3097. H. 0.11; D. ca. 0.286. Fragmentary;re-
Shape as K 5. Stamp (if any) worn away. stored.
Rather coarse, orange-buffclay with grits; dull,
K 13 (B). PLATE. P1. 68. dark reddish glaze (partial),fired black in part.
P 3065. H. 0.058; D. 0.28. Almost complete; Deep bowl with oblique wall on ring foot; high,
restored. vertical rim. Two horizontal, ribbon handles, with
Rather soft, gritty, pinkish buff clay; dull, dark double longitudinal grooving, applied to the rim.
red glaze (partial). Groovesat top and bottom of rim on exterior; two
Shape as K 5 but larger; the base is finished;no concentricgrooves at center of floor. On the rim, an
stamp on floor. CompareG 176-177, J 32, L 1. inscriptionin white paint: [8]iyai c-0, l y p Ei.
K 14 (D). PLATE. The inscriptionwas apparentlyexecutedK. by the same
hand as that on K 33. On the handles,verticalstripes
P 8503. H. 0.043; D. 0.205. Intact. of white paint. Compare the phrase p G Siya in a
Rather coarse,soft, orange-buffclay; dull, reddish
graffito on a Boeotian jug in Berlin (Furtwiingler,
glaze (partial). Beschreibungder Vasensammlungim Antiquarium,
As K 13 but smaller.
Berlin, 1886, no. 4087).
K 15 (B). PLATE. Bowls such as K 19-25, 26-27 and 28, partly
P 8066.H. 0.045; D. 0.211. Fragmentary;restored. glazed and with decoration in white paint on the
Rather soft, buff clay; dull, dark reddish glaze rims, are commonin 3rd century, pre-Herulianfills.
Similar decoration(either as inscriptionsor as dec-
(partial).
orative patterns) occurson other shapes of pottery,
Shape as K 13 but smaller.
both open and closed vessels, in the 3rd and the 4th
K 16 (B). PLATE. centuries (cf. J 19, K 17, K 33, K 58-61, L 24-25,
P 3064. H. 0.08; D. 0.85. Fragmentary;restored. M 145-149,M158,M190-191,M209-211,M 213-215).
Rather soft, buff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze The local Attic origin of Late Roman Painted Ware
(partial). is indicated by the discovery in the AgoraExcava-
Shape as K 13, but larger. There was probably no tions of kiln wasters of this fabric. A separate study
stamp on the floor, unless it was impressed off-center.of the Painted Wares of the Agora will appear in the
second volume of this work.
K 17 (B). MEDALLIONBOWL,PAINTEDINBSCRIPTION.
Storage, Basin and Drain--numerous fragments
Pls. 86, 57, 68. of bowls similar to K 19-27.
P 2425. H. 0.049; D. 0.247. Fragmentary; half of
medallion missing. K 20 (B). PAINTED WARE BOWL. Pls. 12, 87, 42.
Gritty, yellow-buff clay; dull, reddish glaze P 8099. H. 0.108; D. 0.282. Almost complete;
(partial). restored.
Deep bowl with small, flat base and oblique wall; Buff clay; dull, dark reddish to brownish glaze
the lip curves inward. At the center of the floor, sur- (partial).
rounded by two concentric grooves, an appliqu6 Shape as K 19. On the rim, a horizontal floral
medallion: lion crouching to r. On the floor, around pattern in white paint.
62 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
K 21 (B). PAINTED WAREBOWL. P1. 37. K 27 (B). PAINTED WAREBOWL. P1. 12.
P 2274.H. ca. 0.114; D. 0.239. Almostcomplete. P 3108. H. 0.114; D. 0.241. Almost complete;
Rather coarse, buff clay with grits; dull, purplish center of floormissing;restored.
brownto reddishglaze (partial). Coarse, gritty, buff clay; dull, reddish glaze
Shape as K 19; three deep concentric grooves at (partial),almost completelyworn away.
center of floor. On the rim, horizontalfloral pattern Shapeas K 26. The handlesaffixedas on K 22. On
in white paint; dots of white paint along top of rim. the rim, faint traces of decoration in white paint
(patternuncertain).
K 22 (B). PAINTED WAREBOWL. P1.12.
P 3102. H. ca. 0.109; D. 0.258. Almost complete. K 28 (D). PAINTED WAREBOWL. P1. 12.
Buff to pinkish buff clay with grits; dull, reddish P 8496. H. rest. 0.182; D. rest. 0.396. Parts of
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
glaze (partial),fired black in part on exteriorof rim. wall and rim, including one handle, preserved;
Shape as K 19; grooves on floor as K 21. The restoredwith ring foot on the basis of smallerbowls
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
horizontalhandlesare affixed to the rim at the ends with similarrims such as K 19-27.
and center only; between these points the handle Rather soft, orange-buff clay; dull, red glaze
stands away from the rim in two loops. On the rim, (partial),much worn.
decorationin white paint consistingof vertical floral Shape as K 26, but much larger; grooves on rim
patternsalternating and linked with spirals(rotating and handles as K 19. The handles are affixed as on
clockwise toward center). A similar pattern occurs K 22, with the addition, at the central point, of a
on AgoraP 4592, a deep bowl with free-movingring wide verticalloop handle,markedlongitudinallywith
handlelooped throughvertical handle (P1.37). five grooves.Onthe rim, tracesof decorationin white
K 23 PAINTED WAREBOWL. paint (spirals?).
(B).
P 3100. H. 0.124; D. 0.273. Almost complete; K 29 (B). BOWL. P1. 12.
restored. P 3096. H. 0.095; D. 0.22. Almostcomplete.
Buff clay with grits; dull, reddish glaze (partial), Orange-buffclay; dull, red glaze (partial).
fired black in part on exterior. Bowl similarto K 19-28, but with a pronounced,
Shape as K 19; two deep, concetric grooves at sharp flange at the base of the rim; on its outer
centerof floor. On the rim, in white paint, a band of surface the rim is convex and markedby a groove
"reversedS" pattern (cf. K 25). near top. No handles. No certain traces of painted
K 24 (B). PAINTED WAREBOWL. P1. 37.
decoration.
P 3098. H. ca. 0.135; D. 0.28. Almost complete. K 30
(B). BOWL.
Clay and glaze as K 23. P 3094.H. 0.102; D. 0.255.Fragmentary;restored.
Shape as K 19; grooves on floor as K 23. On the Gray-buffclay mottled gray-buffto purplishgray
rim, in white paint, a horizontal floral pattern; on interior; brownish black
verticalstripesof white on the handles. glaze (partial), much
worn.
K 25 (B). PAINTED WAREBOWL. P1. 37. As K 29. Probably had no handles. No traces of
P 8101. H. est. 0.135; D. 0.307. Fragmentary, painted decoration.
center of floor missing; foot fragmentdoes not join K 31
(B). BOWL. P1. 12.
body. P 3095. H. D. 0.322. restored.
0.135; Fragmentary;
Clay and glaze as K 23. Rather coarse, dark buff clay with grits; dull,
Shape as K 19; traces of one circulargroove at to black glaze (partial).
brown
center of floor. On the rim, in white paint, a band of
"reversed S" pattern (as on K 23). As K 29. No certain traces of painted decoration.
large jug with high narrow neck and gouged de- Clayand glaze as K 36; the glaze firedbrownishon
coration(groupsof wavy diagonallines) on the body. upperpartof exterioras a resultof stackingin the kiln.
Comparenote to M 115. Shape as K 36.
K 33 (D). PAINTED WARE BOWL,INSCRIPTION.P1.57. K 38 (B). PLATE.
P 22383. P.H. 0.052; D. lip est. 0.125. Fragment P 22369. H. 0.046; D. 0.291. Almost complete;
of rim and wall only. restored.
Gray-buffclay with grits; brownishblack glaze, Gritty, buff clay; dull, purplish red glaze, fired
much worn. black on base and lower part of exterior.
From a smallbowl similarin profileto K 19; three Shapeas K 36.
groovesat top and one wide grooveat bottom of rim.
Probably had one vertical loop handle, grooved K 39 (B). PLATE.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
longitudinally (as do similar pieces from other con- P 2279.H. 0.045; D. 0.215. Fragmentary;restored.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
K 60 (D). PAINTED WAREJUG. P1. 87. [K 67]. JUG, TREFOILMOUTH. P1. 18.
P 22391. P.H. 0.082; D. est. 0.145. Fragmentary; P 9402. Deposit J 18:2 (firsthalf of 3rd century).
foot and lower body missing. H. 0.162; D. 0.118. Intact except for front of lip;
Pinkish buff clay; dull, reddishglaze. restored.
Shape as K 59 as far as preserved;sliced handle. Soft, yellow-buffclay; dull, brownishglaze (par-
Decorationin white paint: on the body, horizontal tial), much worn.
floralpattern; on the handle, horizontalstripes. Globularbody on small, high ring foot; broad,
grooved handle. Three grooves at juncture of neck
K 61 (D). PAINTED WAREJUG. P1.37. and body, anotherat b.a.h.
P 8490. H. 0.073; D. 0.065. Intact except for Storage,Basin and Drain--fragmentsof two jugs
handle, which is restored. apparentlysimilarto P 9402.
Buff clay; dull, purplishglaze (partial); base left
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
K 66 (B). JuG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 18. K 72 (B). MINIATURE JAR. PI. 18.
P 22371. P.H. 0.082; D. lip 0.055. Fragmentary, P 2424. P.H. 0.059; D. 0.059. Top of neck missing.
foot and most of body missing; partly restored. Rather soft, yellowish buff clay; dull, brown to
Fine, soft, pinkish buff clay; dull, reddish glaze. black glaze inside and out, much worn.
From a jug with sloping shoulder; high neck, Round, wheel-ridged body on flat base; the body
swelling toward the lip. Small everted lip, undercut indented at four points (cf. G 42, H 2, J 69). Wide
on exterior. Ridged handle. neck, with two horizontal grooves. No handles.
6
66 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
[K 73]. MINIATURE POT, BASKET HANDLE. P1.18. ment of the jug handle (apparentlyunpublished;the
P 14920. Deposit N 17:1 (middleof 3rd century). number169 is written on the fragment;P.H. 0.095).
H. 0.058; Max. W. at lip 0.087. Complete.
Gritty, buff clay; self-slip. COARSE. HOUSEHOLD WARES
Smallpot with flat bottom, roundedwall and plain
K 78 (B). BASIN. P1.13.
lip. The lip and body indented at two points by the
attachments of a basket handle (the lip as a result P 3108. H. ca. 0.255; D. ca. 0.284. Fragmentary;
is oval in plan). The handle grooved longitudinally; restored.
pairs of horizontalgrooveson body below lip and at Gritty, micaceous, reddish buff clay; thin, dull,
mid-point. reddishglaze on interior.Thin fabric.
Storage, Drain-fragments of a pot similar to Flat base; high, oblique wall; plain, everted rim,
P 14920. Glazedas well as non-glazedspecimensof flat on top. Body wheel-ridged.It is unlikely that
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
this shape occur in other 3rd century contexts (as this basin or K 79-80 had handles. CompareG 187.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
As K 82, but the body is plumper and the neck K 91 (B). COOKINGDISH.
shorter. P 22379. H. ca. 0.055; D. rest. 0.27. Fragmentary;
Storage, Basin-fragments of anotherjug similar restored.
to K 83 but with less angularity in the juncture of Coarse,reddishbrown clay with grits.
neck and shoulder(cf. M 168). Flat-bottomeddish as K 89-90.
Storage,Drain-fragments of severaldishessimilar
K 84 (D). AMPHORA. P1. 14. to K 89-91.
P 8511. P.H. 0.125; D. 0.186. Neck and handles
missing. K 92 (B). COOKINGPOT. P1. 14.
Soft, gray-buffclay with grits. P 2421. H. 0.142; D. 0.143. Almost complete; re-
Globularbody on ring foot; two vertical handles stored.
fromthe shoulder.Threegroovesaroundthe shoulder.
Coarse,gritty, dark reddish clay, fired gray-black
Body wheel-ridged.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
at surface.
K 85 (D). CYLINDRICAL AMPHORA. Pl. 14. Deep, round-bottomedpot with evertedrim which
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
P 8519. H. rest. 0.247; D. 0.122. Lip missing; a slopes up to the exterior. Below lip, two small,
hole in the shoulder;restored. vertical handles.Body wheel-ridged.
Buff clay, fired red on interior surface; self-slip.
Almost cylindricalbody, constrictedat bottom to K 93 (D). COOKINGPOT. P1. 14.
a false ring foot; narrow,flaringneck; sliced handles. P 22385.H. rest. 0.10; D. rest. 0.187.Fragmentary,
center of base and one handle missing; restored.
Body and shoulderwheel-ridged.CompareJ 49, L 52.
Storage, Drain-fragments of another similar Coarse, brownishclay with white grits.
amphora. Shape J 57; flattenedbase; evertedrim, sloping
as
up to exterior and designed for a lid. Two small,
K 86 (D). LID. Pl. 14. vertical handles
applied under lip. K 107 may rep-
P 22392. H. 0.043; D. 0.129. Fragmentary; re- resent a lid for this pot.
stored. Storage,Drain-fragments of severalsimilarpots.
Buff to pinkishbuff clay, self-slip.
Conicallid with plain lip and round knob, flat on K 94 (D). COOKING POT. P1. 14.
top. Top of knob left rough from the wheel. P 22387. P.H. 0.184; D. 0.239. Fragmentary,base
K 87 (D). LID. P1. 14.
missing; partly restored.
Coarse,gritty, brownishred clay, firedgray at core.
P 22393. H. 0.024; D. 0.059. Intact.
Rounded, apparentlyovoid body; wide, low neck
Soft, gritty, orange-buffclay. with slightly everted rim; ledge for lid on interiorof
As K 86 but smaller. rim. No handles.
K 88 (D). LID. P1. 14.
K 95 (D). COOKINGPOT. P1. 14.
P 22394. H. 0.035; D. 0.067. Fragmentary; re-
stored. P 8515. H. 0.08; D. 0.132. Intact.
Orange-buffclay. Coarse,gritty, reddish brown clay, blackenedby
fire on base.
Dome-shapedlid with plain lip and round knob,
flat on top. Round-bottomed pot with small, everted rim,
sloping up to exterior.No handles.
Storage, Drain, coarse wares-fragments of an Storage,Drain-fragments of anothersimilarpot.
amphorasimilarto M 174 and of severalone-handled
jars of red or black micaceous ware as [J 46] and K 96 (D). COOKING POT. P1. 14.
J 47. P 8516. H. 0.08; D. rest. 0.143. Fragmentary;
restored.
COOKING WARES
Coarse, gritty, dark reddish clay, fired gray-black
K 89 (B). COOKINaDISH. P1. 72. at the surface.
P 8110. H. 0.068; D. 0.81. Fragmentary; restored. Shape as K 95.
Very coarse, gritty, brownish gray clay; thick
fabric.
K 97 (B). COOKINGPOT. P1. 14.
Plat-bottomed dish with everted rim; no handles. P 3113. H. 0.069; D. 0.068. Almost complete; re-
stored.
Compare J 22.
Hard, gritty, dark reddish brown clay, fired gray-
K 90 (B). COOKING DISH. P1. 14. brown at surface.
P 8111. H. 0.055; D. 0.248. Fragmentary; restored. Deep, round-bottomed pot with small, everted rim;
Clay and shape as K 89. body wheel-ridged. No handles.
5*
68 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
K98(D).COOKING
POT. LARGE STORAGEVESSELS, ETC.
P 8514. H. 0.073; D. rest. 0.075. Fragmentary; K 108 (B). AMPHORA.
restored. P1. 15.
P 8106.H. 0.475; D. 0.368.Fragmentary;restored.
Gritty, reddishclay.
Shape as K 97. Gritty, orange-redclay; buff slip.
Plump,round-bottomedamphora(thebaseslightly
K 99 (B). COOKINGPOT. P1. 14. flattenedso that the vesselwill stand erect); point of
P 2276. H. 0.074; D. 0.07. Almost complete; re- maximum diameter below middle. Low neck with
stored. rounded lip; small, crudely made ring handles at
lower part of shoulder. Shoulder and body wheel-
Hard, gritty, reddishbrownclay; self-slip.
Shape as K 97. ridged. No painted decoration.
CompareM 104 and M 273; also the much later
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
K 100 (B). COOKINGPOT. amphoraeM 329331, which are of the same shape
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
P 3112.H. 0.074; D. 0.076. Fragmentary;restored. and fabric as K 108 but are of less careful workman-
Clayand shape as K 97. ship and have decorationin white paint on the body.
K 101 COOKINGPOT.
(B). P1. 14. K 109 (B). AMPHORA. P1. 15.
P 22870. H. 0.086; D. 0.09. Intact. P 8104. H. 0.613; D. 0.275. Almost complete;
restored.
Clayas K 99; shape as K 97.
Reddish clay with white grits, white slip.
K 102 (B). COOKINGPOT. Tall, funnel-shapedbody with almost horizontal
P 2277. H. 0.089; D. 0.104. Almost complete;re- shoulder and narrow neck; heavy, thickened lip.
stored. Heavy handles, each with a single, broad, longitudi-
Clayand shape as K 97. nal groove.The bottom of the toe is slightly concave;
the fabric in the toe is no thicker than in any other
K 103 (B). COOKING POT. P1. 14. part of the vessel.
P 8114. H. 0.094; D. 0.108. Intact.
K 110 (B). AMPHORA.
Clayand shape as K 97.
P 8105. H. 0.613; D. 0.268. Almost complete;
K 104 (D). COOKINGPOT. restored.
P 8513. H. 0.095; D. 0.106. Intact. Clay,slip and shape as K 109.
Gritty, brownishclay; shape as K 97.
[K 111. AMPHORA. P1. 15.
K 105 (D). COOKINGPOT. P 14078.Deposit P 18 :2 (firsthalf of 3rd century).
P 8512. H. 0.096; D. 0.104. Intact. P.H. 0.635; D. 0.345. Fragmentary,toe and one
Clay and shape as K 97.
handle missing; partly restored.
Coarse, dark reddish clay with grits; brownish
K 106 (B). JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 14. red slip.
P 3070.H.0.14; D. 0.11.Almostcomplete;restored. Ovoid body tapering to a pointed toe. Narrow
Rather coarse, reddish clay with grits. Base neck with thickened lip; heavy handles, each with
blackenedby fire. single, broad,longitudinalgroove (as in K 109-110).
Globular,wheel-ridgedbody with flattened base; Storage,Drain-fragments of threeor fourampho-
evertedlip; sliced handle, appliedunderlip. rae similarto P 14078.
Storage, Drain-fragments of seven similarjugs, [K 112]. AMPHORA, DIPINTO. P1. 15.
size.
several of slightly larger
P 14115. Deposit 0 19:1 (early 4th century).
K 107 (D). LID. P1. 14. H. 0.583; D. 0.285. Fragmentary; restored.
P 22886. H. 0.065; D. rest. 0.16. Fragmentary; Buff to gray-buff clay, self-slip.
restored. Cylindrical body with rounded bottom and shoul-
der. Narrow neck with flaring, rounded lip. Body,
Coarse, gritty, brownish clay.
Conical lid with plain lip and round knob, flattened base and lower part of shoulder wheel-ridged. Faint
traces of an illegible inscription in black paint were
on top. Possibly used as lid for K 93.
visible on the shoulder at the time of discovery.
Storage, Drain-fragments of numerous similar
lids. Storage, Drain-fragments of some nine amphorae
similar to P 14115. The shape is probably a 3rd
Storage, Drain, cooking ware--fragments of several century descendant of the common 1st and 2nd
cooking pots similar to J 55, in both small and large century type illustrated in G 197 and H 20; compare
sizes. also M 53 and Ml102.
GROUP K 69
[K 113]. AMPHORA. P1. 15. contexts) bearing graffito dates equated with years
P 12882.DepositP 18 :2 (firsthalf of 3rd century). between A.D. 98 and 137 (ibid.,nos. 27-85).
P.H. 0.575; D. 0.234. Toe missing;otherwiseintact. K 116 (B). AMPHORAFRAGMENT,STAMPED. P1. 86.
Coarse, gritty, orange-buff to brick-red clay;
mastic. SS 1865.P.H. 0.215; D. lip 0.118. Neck, one handle
Pointed body (originally with tubular toe) and and part of shoulderpreserved.
high, wheel-ridgedneck. Thickenedlip; sharp, hori- Gritty, reddishclay; yellow-buffslip.
zontal flange just below lip. Heavy, ridged handles. From an amphorawith wide neck, taperingto a
thickened lip, flat on top. Heavy handles, oval in
CompareL 33, M 237, M 274, M 303 and a smaller section. Below the lip, a stamp, incuse: CTCAT.
example from Deposit I 16:1, P 822 (P1.73, profile Mrs. Elizabeth Lyding Will, who is preparinga
of toe).
study of the wine jars bearingLatin stamps found in
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Storage, Drain-fragments of four amphorae the Agora excavations, considersthis and K 117 to
similar to P 12882, but slightly larger.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
K 121 (D). LAMP. P1. 45. Rim: raised dots and side panels. Discus: Eros,
L 4954. Max. dim. 0.094. Fragmentof discus and winged, facing, holding torch turned down by his
rim. right side. CompareBroneer,Lamps,nos. 1115, 1120,
Soft, gray-buffclay. pl. XV. Perlzweig.
70 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
As K 122. Perlzweig.
Storage, Basin and Drain- fragments of some [K 131].LAMP. P1. 45.
fifteen similar lamps, on one of which the handle L 4217. From a fill of the first half of the 3rd
is not completelypierced. century.
L. rest. 0.154; W. 0.082; H. 0.04. One nozzle
K 124 (B). LAMP. P1. 45. missing; restored.
L 1245. P.L. 0.109; P.W. 0.096. Nozzle, base and Soft, pale buff clay.
much of body missing; partly restored. Rim markedby groovesand by two raised knobs
Pale buff clay. at base of each nozzle. Two nozzles. Verticalhandle
Rim: vine leaves and grape clusters. Discus: fine (piercedand grooved) rises from the discus. Base:
rays. Handle: pierced, grooved above and below. circularridges.Perlzweig.
Perlzweig. Storage, Basin and Drain-fragments of three
similarlamps.
K 125 (B). LAMP, SIGNED.
L 1104. P.L. 0.083; W. 0.066;H. 0.032. Nozzle and [K 132]. LAMP,SIGNED. P1. 45.
of
part body missing. L 338846. Deposit N 20:3 (middle of 3rd century).
Softandfriablebuffclay.Froma muchwornmould. L. rest. 0.139; W. 0.082; H. 0.035. Half of rim and
As K 122, but the rim is slightly convex. Base: part of one nozzle missing; restored.
circulargroove, effaced signature, Tp J6pov Rather soft, buff clay.
(readingof MissJudith Perlzweig).Perlzweig.
'E.!rrq Rim: small ovules close to discus and volute
ornaments (cf. stamp on K 10) at sides; a volute
K 126 (B). LAMP, SIGNED. Pl. 45. ornament flanked
by rosettes at the base of each
L 1106.L. 0.108;W. 0.083;H. 0.032.Intact. nozzle. Two nozzles. Vertical handle (pierced and
Rather soft, yellow-buffclay. grooved) rises from the discus. Base: oval; two
Rim: rosettes and flowers(2) separatedby raised grooves and faint traces of an incised signature.
dots. Discus: fine rays. Handle: pierced, grooved Perlzweig.
above and below. Base: relief signaturewithin three Storage,Drain-fragments of a similarlamp.
circulargrooves,cDihopIofaov (retrograde).Perlzweig.
Storage, Basin and Drain, lamps-fragments of:
K 127 (D). LAMP. P1.45. lamps of Broneer'stypes XXVII and XXVIII, in-
L 4955. Max. dim. 0.069. Two non-joiningfrag- cluding some similar to Broneer, Lamps, nos. 800,
ments preservehandle and part of rim and discus. 908, 911 (pl. XIII); plastic lamp as J 24. No frag-
Soft, yellow-buff clay. ments of lamps of Broneer's types XX, XXIV or
Rim: rosettes interlaced by double wave lines. XXV occur in Group K; only one of the type
Discus: fine rays. Handle: pierced, grooved above XXVII-XXVIII handles is not completely pierced
and below. Perlzweig. (see under K 123).
K 128 (B). LAMP. P1. 45. K 133 (B). TERRACOTTA FIGURINE. P1. 48.
L 1246. L. rest. 0.189; W. rest. 0.115; H. 0.044. T 3020. P.H. 0.072; P.W. 0.042. Head, both arms
Nozzle and parts of body missing; partly restored. and right leg missing.
Rather soft, gray-buff clay. From a worn mould. Hard, dark buff clay; dull, brownish black glaze,
Rim: small ovules and side panels. Discus: large much worn. Made in two-part mould, the vertical
rosette. Handle: pierced, grooved above and below; seams extending up the sides.
small leaf at base of handle. Base: two concentric Small boy with plump body, nude. Arms extended,
ridges. Perlzweig. Grandjousn.
GROUP K 71
T 1277. P.H. 0.059; P.W. 0.042. Head and neck is preservedboth at top and bottom.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
From a bowl or plate with rather high, vertical ably broken away. Made in one piece; the back
ring foot and flat floor. smooth up to the neck.
The head is markedby a roll of hair at the nape of
K 143 (D). GLASSVESSELFRAGMENT. P1.73. the neck. The
phallus projects horizontally.
G 79. P.H. 0.018; D. foot 0.055. Foot only pre-
served. Clear,bluish green glass. K 149 (B). BRONZE WING. P1. 53.
The flaring ring foot of a blown glass vessel; B 609. Max. dim. 0.081. The wing is apparently
conical base.
complete, the base or point of juncture with the
K144(B). PORTRAIT HEAD. shoulderpresentinga smooth, curved surface.Front
and back surface are similarly decorated with.
S 856. H. 0.48; W. bust 0.39. Pentelic marble.
Only the bust fragmentfound in the collectingbasin feathering.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
GroupL constitutesthe fillingof Deposit F 19:1, a well located on the north slope of the
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
(see below). Layer IV, however, represents a dumped filling, thrown in to fill up the shaft after
the well had gone out of use; considerabletime may have elapsed between the abandonment
of the well as a source of water and the filling of the top ten meters of the shaft with debris.
Layer III may be said roughly to represent the last three quarters of the 4th century. Among
the latest objects in Layer III are L 50-51 (depth 10.00-10.90 m.).
Layer IV (top to 10.00 m.), L 59-62, producedonly one-tenth as much pottery, proportionately,
as Layer III, and it contained also some fragments of marble revetment and of mosaic flooring.
The occurrenceof joins between fragments from all depths within the Layer indicates that this
is a dumped filling. The terminuspost quemfor Layer IV is given by the coins as the last quarter
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
of the 4th century.5 It frequently happens that much of the pottery of a dumped filling is of
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
earlier date than the time at which the filling was thrown in; in this instance many pieces of
coarse ware of much earlier date found their way into the debris; but the presence of numerous
fragments of late stamped ware, such as occur only rarely in Layer III, indicates that Layer III
is appreciablyearlierthan IV. It seems reasonable,in view of the coins in Layer IV, to attribute
that Layer to the early 5th century, roughly contemporary with Layer X of Group M.
ANDNON-GLAZED
GLAZED
MISCELLANEOUS WARES L 4.
JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 16.
P 16333. H. 0.087; D. 0.071. Fragmentary;
L 1. PLATE. P1.70.
restored.
P 15571.H. 0.067; D. 0.308. Complete. Rathersoft, pinkishbuffclay; dull, purplishbrown
Soft, rather gritty, orange-buffclay; dull, black glaze (partial).Base left rough from the wheel.
to reddishglaze (partial).
Ovoid,wheel-ridgedbody; flat base; high, slightly
Shapeas K 13-16. flaringrim. Comparethe largerspecimensJ 35, K 65,
[L 21. BOWL. Pl. 70. M 155.
P 11137.DepositB 14:2 (late 1st to late 2nd L 5. MINIATURE JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 16.
century). P 15405.H. 0.062;D. 0.062.Intact.
H. 0.089;D. 0.142.Almostcomplete;restored. Soft, rathergritty, buff clay; dull, brownishto
Soft,orange-buffclay;dull,redglaze(partial). brownishred glaze. Base left rough from the wheel.
Shapeas 48-49, but smaller.
K Shape as K 59-60, M 145-148, M 190. Flat base;
Storage, Layer I-fragments of several bowls ridgeat baseof rim.Onbody,just belowrim,a row
similar to P 11137. of punch marks; pendant to this, opposite the
handle, a cross-patternmade up of similar punch
L 3. AMPHORA. P1.16. marks. No painted ornament. For the punched
P 16334. H. rest. 0.223; D. 0.154. Lip and frag- decoration compare[M157].
ments of body missing; restored(the lip based on an
uninventoriedfragmentfrom GroupL). L 6. MINIATURE JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1.16.
Soft, gritty, orange-buffclay; dull, reddish glaze P 15408.H. 0.084;D. 0.061.Intact.
(partial). Rather soft, reddish clay; dull, purplish black
Plump, ovoid amphorasimilar to J 48 and K 68 glaze. The base left rough from the wheel.
(J 48 is the most slender). Grooves on shoulder, Piriform, wheel-ridged body; flat base; flaring
neck and handles,as on K 68. lip; the indentationsof the lip behind the front lobe
Storage,LayerI--fragmentsof anothersimilar touch across the mouth and create a kind of spout.
amphora. Sliced handle. CompareK 69-70.
5 The significant coins, recovered between 0.90 m. and 1.40 m., both of bronze, are:
Constantius II, 337-361 (as H. Cohen, Descr. hist. des monnaies frappkes sous l'empire romain, 2e ed., VII, Paris,
1888, p. 468, no. 188; Thompson, Coins, no. 1052).
Valentinian II, 375-392 (as J. W. E. Pearce, The Roman Coinagefrom A.D. 364 to 432, London, 1933, p. 96, no. 58;
of. Thompson, Coins, no. 1405). Abronze coin of the House of Valentinian, found in the well-earth after complete clear-
ance of the shaft, presumably represents Layer IV,
GROUP L 75
L 7. MINIATURE WATER JAR, BASKET HANDLE. P1.16. L 10. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 16.
P 15404. H. 0.069; D. 0.06. Intact. P 22561. H. rest. 0.148; D. rest. 0.111. Fragmen-
Rather gritty, buff clay; self-slip. Base left rough tary;the neckdoesnot join the bodydirectly;restored.
from the wheel. Rather soft, gritty, reddish brown clay.
Plump, wheel-ridgedbody; flat base; grooves at Footless, ovoid body with conical indentation of
base of neck, below lip and on outer edge of the base. Plain, everted lip.
everted lip. Basket handle.
L 11. STORAGEAMPHORA. P1. 16.
L8.SMALL JUG,TREFOIL MOUTH. P 16886.P.H. 0.875; D. 0.18. Mouth,handles, toe
P 15406. H. 0.107; D. 0.062. Part of neck and lip and
fragmentsof body missing.
missing;restored. Rather soft, reddish clay with grits; white slip,
Soft, yellow-buff clay; self-slip. Base left rough much worn; mastic.
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(folded)lip. Movablebail handle of iron (of which a to be tracesof contactwith wood (a woodenhandle?).
fragment still adhered to the lip before cleaning)
attached to broad, leaf-shapedhandle-lugsof iron; One inventoriedstamped amphorahandle (SS 9399)
the lugs, of which one is preserved(similarto L 20, from Layer I is assigned by Miss Virginia Grace to
but broaderand shorter),were each held in place by the 2nd century B.C. and is thereforenot included
two bronzerivets. CompareL 20, M 28. in the above list.
P 16341.P.H. 0.208; D. 0.147. Intact except forlip. L 31. AMPHORA. Pl. 16.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Gritty, greenishgray clay; buff slip; dull, purplish P 16843. H. 0.45; D. 0.265. Almost complete;
brownglaze (partial),much worn. restored.
Ovoid body on ring foot; flaring,funnel-likeneck,
Coarse, greenish gray clay with grits; mastic
probablyterminatingin round mouth and plain lip. (inside and in lip groove).
Ridged handle. Two horizontal grooves at b.a.h.; Slender, ovoid body on low ring foot; moulded
ridge aroundbase of neck. CompareM 223. base. The neck flarestoward a slightly thickenedlip
L 28. AMPHORA. P1.16. markedby a deep grooveon its upper surface. Han-
P 16340. H. 0.171; D. 0.112. Intact. dlesroundin section. Twogroovesaroundthe neck at
Dark buff clay with grits; dull, dark reddishglaze t. a. h. CompareM 230-234.
The lip-groove,with its fillingof mastic, may have
(partial).
Similar to L 3, but smaller; the handles are pro- served in the sealingof the jar.
portionately higher in L 28 and the body is wheel-
ridged. L 32. AMPHORA, DIPINTO. Pls. 16, 59.
Storage, Layer II-fragments of at least two P 16360. P.H. 0.41; D. 0.304. Neck, one handle
similaramphorae. and fragmentsof body missing; partly restored.
L 29. CLAY SAVINGS BANK. P1. 16. Very gritty, gray-buffclay with a rough, "sandy"
P 15399. H. 0.115; D. 0.09. Intact except for chips surface;soft fabric.
aroundthe slot. Slender, ovoid body on low ring foot. May have
resembled L 31, but the base is flat. On the shoulder,
Soft, gritty, orange-buffclay. Base left roughfrom
wheel. a in
dipinto black paint, readinguncertain:possibly
Piriform body on flat base. Flaringlip; the mouth a proper name in - aaonfi7s.
closed over but piercedby a narrowslot (0.078 long) Storage, Layer II-fragments of anotheramphora
for the insertionof coins. Two concentricgrooves on of similar fabric.
the top and two about the shoulder;the body wheel-
ridged. No handle. L 33. AMPHORA. Pl. 16.
Another fragmentarybank (P 11158), similar to P 16345. P.H. 0.515; D. 0.2883.Resting surfaceof
L 29, comes from the 4th century filling of Deposit foot and upperpart of neck and handlesmissing.
C 10:3. A specimenfrom Puteoli in the British Mu- Coarse,brick-redclay with grits.
seum (86/5-25/1)is of moreslendershape and has the The body tapers to a hollow, tubular toe. Heavy
coin-slot in the side of the neck. On Oeilaapof in handles, roughly oval in section. Broad wheel-ridg-
antiquity see: Graeven,Jahrb.,XVI, 1901, pp. 160- ing on the neck. For the full shape see [K
113],
189; D. M. Robinson, A.J.A., XXVIII, 1924, pp. M 237, M 274, M 303.
289-250; Breitenstein, Danish National Museum,
Catalogueof Terracottas,Cypriote, Greek,Etrusco- of the following:
Storage, Layer II-fragments
Italian and Roman,Copenhagen,1944, no. 956.
amphora as L 55; amphora toes of a soft, gritty,
Storage, Layer II--fragments of the following: flat- orange fabric such as occurs in M 103, M 176 and
bottomedjug as L 48; jug as L 47. M 334.
also [M312].
stamped decorationas L 59-61 and of bowls with
painted decorationas M 290. It is noteworthy that L 41. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.17.
none of the stamped bowls of thin fabric, such as P 22564. H. 0.30; D. 0.166. About half missing;
occur commonlyin 5th and 6th century fillings (cf. restored.
M 350), are representedin Layer III or in Layer IV. Dark buff clay with grits; dull, purplish brown
L 37. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.16. glaze (partial).
P 15402.H. 0.167; D. 0.092. Complete. As L 26, but more slender;two grooveson top of
as is customary on jugs of this type. Compare
Soft, rathergritty, orange-buffclay; dull, orange- lip,
red glaze (partial). M 220-222 and fragmentsfromLayerIX of GroupM
Ovoid body on ring foot; high, flaring neck and (p. 110).
plain lip. Body and part of neck wheel-ridged.Sliced Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar
handle. jugs.
This shape is a developmentout of plumperjugs L 42.
such as K 64, in which the sharp ridges of the neck Juo, ROUND MOUTH. P1.16.
P 16354. H. rest. 0.198; D. 0.116. Lip missing;
anticipate the wheel-ridgingwhich appearsin L 37. restored.
CompareM 219, M 266-267, M 291. Rather soft, buff clay with grits; dull, reddish
Storage,Layer III--one similarjug, almost com-
glaze (partial).
plete, and fragmentsof others.
Piriform, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; high
L 38. JUG, ROUND MOUTH, GOUGED DECORATION neck, wideningtoward the plain lip. Ridged handle.
M 295-296.
P1. 16. Compare 268, NM
P 16853. H. ca. 0.158; D. 0.127. Complete. Storage, Layer III--fragments of at least four
Light reddish buff clay with grits; dull, reddish similar jugs.
glaze (partial). L 43. JUG, GOUGED DECORATION.
Almost globular body on ring foot; roundedlip. P1.17.
P 16356. H. 0.85; D. 0.186. Fragmentary; restored.
Ridgedhandle.Mid-partof body wheel-ridged;upper
marked vertical Hard, pinkish buff clay with grits.
part by gouging.
Ovoid body on ring foot; high, slenderneck with
Storage,Layer III-three similarjugs, all nearly
evertedrim and upturned,verticallip; broadridged
complete.
handle. The neck marked by spiral grooving; the
L 39. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.17. upper part of the body decorated with diagonal
P 16852. H. 0.28; D. 0.165. Intact. gouged lines. CompareMI297-298.
Rather soft and gritty, reddishclay; dull, reddish
glaze (partial).
L 44. JUG, GOUGED DECORATION. P1. 17.
Ovoid body on ring foot; rounded lip. Ridged P 16355. H. 0.275; D. 0.152. Fragmentary;
handle. restored.
Soft, orange-buffclay with grits; mastic.
L 40. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. P1.17. Ovoid body on spreadingring foot; high neck,
P 22565. P.H. 0.262; D. 0.22. Upper part of jug wideningtowardthe plainlip;ridgedhandle. Grooves
missing; partly restored. at top of neck; spiral grooving at base of neck and
Hard, reddish buff clay with grits; dull, reddish on shoulder.Upperpartof bodymarkedwith diagonal
glaze (partial). gougedlines. CompareM 299.
Shape as M 294 (cf. also the smaller jug L 39). Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar
Three horizontal grooves at point of maximum jugs, some of larger size.
GROUP L 79
COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES L 51. JAR, [TWO HANDLES], GRAFFITO. Pls. 17,58.
L 45. JUG, FLAT BASE. P1. 17. P 16361. P.H. 0.445; D. 0.204. Neck, handlesand
of toe missing;body fragmentary;partlyrestored.
P 16357. H. 0.185; D. 0.167. Fragmentary; tip
restored. Clay and shape as L 50. The tubular toe tapers
towardthe bottom. On the shouldera graffito:
Rather soft, light orange-buffclay.
Almost globularbody with flat base; narrowneck ]ep.[.
L 52. CYLINDRICAL AMPHORA. P1. 17.
and small, evertedlip; ridgedhandle. Groovesat top
and bottom of neck and just above and below b. a. h. P 16859. P.H. 0.22; D. 0.138. Handles, neck and
part of body missing.
L 46. Juo, FLAT BASE. P1.17. Very soft, gritty, yellowishbuffclay; thin fabric.
P 22563. P.H. 0.152; D. 0.146. Neck and handle Shape as J 49 and K 85, but the fabricis different
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L 57. PLASTICVASEFRAGMENT. Pl. 16. be part of a vase in the form of a human head, the
P 16346. P.H. 0.047. Single fragment,brokenall crescent-shapedpunch marks designed to indicate
around. tightly-curledlocks of hair (cf. K 77). The neck of
Rather coarse,gray-buffclay with grits, firedbuff the vase was large enough to permit the potter's
on exterior surface. Made in a two-part mould, the fingersto be inserted for smoothingout the interior
seams vertical. seams after the vase came from the mould.
A fragmentfrom the wall of a mug (2); the start Storage, Layer III--an amphora, almost com-
of the plain, vertical (?) neck is preserved.Exterior plete, identical with L 31 and fragmentsof several
surfacemarkedby close-set rows of crescent-shaped similar amphorae; numerous fragments of vessels
depressions,probably made with a punch after the of a fabricsimilarto that of L 32 and possiblyof simi-
vase had been removed from the mould. This may lar shape; fragmentsof an amphorasimilarto M 325.
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OTHER
OBJECTS THANPOTTERY
L 58. LAMP. P1.45. Weight in form of a truncated pyramid. Pierced
L 3992. P.L. 0.071. Fragment of discus and rim. by a single suspension hole near top. The Attic
Coarse,orange-redclay with grits; dull, reddish pyramidalloomweightprobablywent out of use by
glaze. the end of the 4th centuryB.C. (Pnyx, I, pp. 73-76);
Rim: herringbonepattern. Discus: plain. Perl- but such weights might have been re-usedin Roman
zweig. timesfor purposesotherthan that for whichoriginally
designed.
L 58a. PYRAMIDALLOOMWEIGHT. P1.50.
MC625. H. 0.052; dim. base 0.032x 0.033. Intact Storage, Layer III-small fragments of lamps of
except for chips. Broneer'stype XXVIII and two water buckets, one
Soft, pinkishbuff clay with grits. of lead and one of bronze.
LAYERS I--IV
The following objects (L63-78) were found in sifting Yellowishbuff to pinkishbuff clay; dull, darkred
the driedwell-earth,afterexcavation;it is not possible glaze (partial).
to assign these pieces to specificlayerswithin the well From a bowl similar in shape to K 17. At center
filling, but it is likely that L 63 belongs to Layer I. of floor, appliqu6 medallion: bust of Athena, to
left, wearing crested Corinthianhelmet; over her
right shoulder,a spear, the point of which appears
FINEWARE behind the helmet crest.
L63.BOWLFRAGMENT,MEDALLIONAPPLIQUt. P1.86. canThe subject of this medallion,as of that of K 17,
be paralleledin contemporarylamps of Broneer's
P 16365.Max. dim. 0.05. Singlefragmentpreserves type XXVII, as Agora L 2043 (P1. 86; see also
center of floor and base. Broneer,Lamps,no. 582, pl. XII).
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For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
L 64. LAMP. Pi. 45. The values arrangedas on L 68. Each pip consists
L 3953. L. 0.09; W. 0.067; H. 0.034. Intact. of two circulargrooveswith dot at center.
Reddish buff clay.
Rim: debasedherringbonepattern.Discus:rosette. L 71. BONE DIE. P1.56.
Handle: solid, grooved above and below. Base: two BI 542b. Dim. approx. 0.012 at each edge. Intact.
concentric grooves. Perlzweig. As L 70.
L 65. GLASSBOWL. P1. 55. L 72. BONE DIE. P1. 56.
G 228. P.H. 0.058; D. est 0.12. Base and two-thirds BI 543. Dim. 0.016-0.017 at edge. Completebut
of body and rim missing. Colorlessglass. split at three points.
A bowlof hemisphericalshapewith contractedneck As L 70.
and plainlip. A groovebelowlip on exterior;just below
point of maximum diameter, a horizontal band of L 73. BONE PIN. Pl. 56.
short, vertical, wheel-cut grooves, widely spaced. BI 544. L. 0.087; W. knob 0.005. Originalpoint
L 66. GLASS CUP FRAGMENT. P1. 55. broken and the shaft resharpenedin antiquity.
G 227. P.H. 0.034. Fragment of foot and base of The shaft is round in section; the knob is crudely
cut in imitationof a cone-likefinialsuch as that ofL74.
cup; resting surfaceof foot missing. Colorlessglass.
The stemmed foot of a heavy cup or bowl. L 74. BONE PIN. P1. 56.
L 67. QUARTZCRYSTAL. P1. 54. BI 540. L. 0.066; W. knob 0.009. Originalpoint
G 226. P.L. 0.04; Max. Th. 0.021. broken and the shaft resharpened in antiquity.
A natural quartz crystal consistingof a hexagonal The shaft is round in section; the knob is cone-
prism with a hexagonal pyramid at one end; the shaped.Incisedgroovesaroundstem just belowknob.
opposite end (presumablya correspondingpyramid)
is brokenaway. L 75. BONE PIN.
L 68. BONE DIE. Pl. 56. BI 541. L. 0.073; W. 0.007. Intact.
BI 539a.Dim. approx.0.012 at each edge. Intact. Roughly cut pin; the shaft terminates in a flat
The values are arrangedas on modern dice (1-6, top without finial.
2-5, 3-4), but the numberedfaces do not succeedone L 76. BRONZE BOWL FRAGMENT. P1.73.
anotherin exactly the same manner:when the die is B 735. H. 0.01; D. foot 0.045. Foot and part of
held between thumb and forefingerwith the "1" floorpreserved.
uppermost and is revolved toward the left, the From a bowl with high ring foot.
sequence of faces is 2-4-5-3 (rather than 2-3-5-4).
Eachpipconsistsof a circulargroovewith dot at center. L 77. BRONZEKEY. P1. 53.
CompareL 69-72, M 109, M 251. B 736. L. 0.031; D. ring 0.022; Th. 0.013. Intact.
L 69. BONE DIE. P1. 56. The bit is an oblong plate (groovedlongitudinally
BI 539b. Dim. approx.0.012 at each edge. Intact. on both surfaces but without teeth) attached by a
The values are arrangedand the numberedfaces short stem to a plain ring. CompareM 189, M 319.
succeed one another just as on modern dice. Each L 78. PAIR OF IRON KEYS. P1.53.
pip consists of a circulargroove with dot at center. IL 777. Average L. 0.035; averageD. ring 0.023.
L 70. BONE DIE. P1. 56. Both keys apparentlycomplete but extensively cor-
BI 542a. Dim. approx. 0.014 at each edge. Intact; roded; details of surfacecannot be determined.
edges worn. Similarto L 77.
6
GROUP M
1ST TO 6TH CENTURY
This group constitutes the filling of Deposit M 17:1 (see P1. 76 for grid plan of the excavated
area), a well which in its penultimate phases served a building lying to the south of the east-west
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road which borderedthe Agora on the south.' This building is characterizedat its southern end
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by an apse of heavy construction with three niches in its rear wall. The well lies approximately
21.50 m. due north of the rear wall of the apse, within the southern of a pair of rooms whose
western walls have been destroyed. The well was lined with terracotta tiles from top to bottom
and reached a depth of 35.30 m.2 The location of the mean water level of ancient times, which
of course varied with the season and the annual rainfall, can be estimated to have been at least
above the 21.00 m. line, since the well was still in use in the late 6th century, when the shaft
had already been filled up to that level with pottery and other household debris.3
This well produced a total of 342 complete or nearly complete pots,4 plus a large number of
lamps and objects of clay, metal, bone, stone, wood and glass. This material had accumulated
in the shaft over a period of at least five centuries during which the well was in normal use as
a water-source. With the exception of one or two brief interruptions, this period of use seems
to have been continuous from the middle of the 1st century of our era to the end of the 6th,
a range also embraced by an equally productive well excavated in the summer of 1955 in the
area lying further east along the south side of the road.5The abundance of pottery from both
these wells rendersthem of primaryimportance as a tool for typological study; the presence at
certain levels in Deposit M 17:1 of coins and of other objects which can be dated on intrinsic
evidence helps to establish the chronology of the filling. It must be observed, however, that the
mobility of pottery in the moist silt of the well filling is very great (especially so when the
vessels are already in fragments at the time of their entry into the well) and that the depth at
which an object is found in the shaft cannot be an absolute indication of its chronological
association with other objects found at the same level. There can be no real "stratification"in
a period-of-usefilling from a well, but only a gradual accretion of material, of which that at the
lower level will be presumably earlier in date than that found above.6
The pottery in the lowest 14.30 m. of well fill (the period-of-use fill proper) was initially
stored in 107 containers. After the mending and inventorying of the finds, the sherds and other
objects which were considered worthy of saving were stored in 38 five-gallon tins and in 12
wooden trays. A complete analysis of this inventoried and uninventoried pottery has resulted
in the division of the well filling into thirteen layers (plusa fourteenthfor the upper, dumped fill;
see below). These layers and the evidence on which they are dated are summarizedbriefly below.
I The well, located in excavation section 0, was dug between March 13 and April 15,1937. See Hesperia, VII, 1938, p. 325.
2 From
depth 8.00 m. the shaft was cut through bedrock, which, however, was here so soft that the tile lining was still re-
quired. Each ring of tiles was 0.70 m. in diameter and consisted, as usual, of three segments (see above, p. 73).
3 After the emptying of the shaft in 1937, water rose to the 25.00 m. line
(10.00 m. above bottom) within thirty-five days;
further observations were impossible because of the necessity of refilling the shaft.
4 Of these, 91 duplicates were not inventoried; they are referred to in the catalogue, passim, under the heading "Storage."
1 Deposit Q 17:4. See
Hesperia, XXV, 1956, pp. 53-57.
8 It should be noted especially in regard to coins that they may easily filter down in the well silt; the numismatic evidence
must for that reason be used with caution.
GROUP M 88
Layer I (34.20 m.-bottom), M 1-30. Middle of the 1st century after Christ. The date is based
upon: the presence of one coin of the first half of the 1st century;7 similarities between
pottery of this layer and pieces of Layer II of Group G; the absence of fragments of
western sigillata fabrics such as do occur in G II.
Layer II (33.50 m.-34.20 m.), M 31-60. Late 1st and first half of 2nd century. The date is
based upon: the graffiti of M 45 and 46 (bearing the dates 112 and 131 respectively);
similarities between vessels of this layer and others of Group G, Layer III, Group H and
Group J, Layer I (cf. M 39 and [54]).
Layer III (32.00 m.-33.50 m.), M 61-112. Second half of 2nd century. The date is based upon:
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similarities between vessels of this layer and others of Group J, Layers I-III, and GroupK
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(cf. M 80, 88, [69 1);the absence of the painted and stamped wares and the late Roman red
wares which are abundant in Group K of the middle of the 3rd century.
Layer IV (31.50 m.-32.00 m.), M [113 -138. Early 3rd century. There are similarities between
some vessels of this layer and others of GroupK (cf. M [1131, 116-117, 132); but the absence
of the painted and stamped wares and the late Roman red wares, which are abundant in
Layer V and in GroupK, indicates a date in the first half, perhaps first third, of the century.
M 125, dated by its graffito to the year 145, was found in the lower levels of this layer and
may belong stratigraphically with Layer III.
Layer V (30.30 m.-31.50 m.), M 139-189. Middle of the 3rd century to 267. The pottery of this
fill is very like that of Group K, which has been assigned with some certainty to a period
just prior to the Herulian sack of Athens.8 Above Layer V there appeared considerable
metal waste (foundry slag ?) and for a depth of about 0.50 m. whole or nearly whole vessels,
such as occurred at both lower and higher depths, were absent. These facts suggest a
period of disuse during which the shaft served occasionally as a dump but was not used as
a source of water. The disruption of civic life caused by the inroads of the Heruli might well
explain such an interruption in the active life of the well.
Layer VI (29.50 m.-30.30 m.), M 190-208. Late 3rd century, after 267. In the upper level of
this layer appeared an Antoninianus of Probus (276-282).9 Relatively little pottery was
found in this layer; pieces from the lowest level, as M 190-196, have close parallels in
Layer V, while others from the upper level, as M 194, resemble material from Layer VII.
Layer VII (27.50 m.-29.50 m.), M 209-252. Early 4th century. Numerous parallels can be
observed to vessels of Group L, Layer II (cf. M 215, 223, 237).
Layer VIII (26.50 m.-27.50 m.), M 253-264. Middle of 4th century. Similarities can be observed
between vessels of this layer and others of Group L, Layer III (cf. p. 108).
Layer IX (25.00 m.-26.50 m.), M 265-288. Late 4th century. There is no internal evidence
for chronology, but Layer X, more precisely datable, provides a terminus ante quem.
Layer X (24.00 m.-25.00 m.), M 289-309. Early 5th century. Much of the late Roman stamped
ware (such as M 289, q.v.) found in the Agora has occurredin conjunction with coins of the
late 4th and the 5th centuries. There appears to be a sharp break between the pottery
types of Layer IX and those of Layer X; in the latter, gouged jugs (as M 292-293, 297-299)
SAthenian Imperial bronze, as Svoronos, Ath., pl. 95, no. 13.
8 Above, 59.
p.
9 Thompson, Coins, no. 686.
6*
84 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
and late stamped ware (M289) make their first appearancein GroupM. Layer X is apparent-
ly contemporary with Layer IV of Group L, which, however, is a dumped filling rather
than a use filling.
Layer XI (23.20 m.-24.00 m.), M 310-319. Late 5th century. There is no intrinsic evidence for
the dating of either this layer or the following (XII). The dates here assigned are taken
arbitrarily as intermediate points between the end of Layer X and the probable beginning
of XIII.
Layer XII (22.40 m.-23.20 m.), M 320-348. Early 6th century. See note to Layer XI above.
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Layer XIII (21.00 m.-22.40 m.), M 349-384. Late 6th century. The vessels of this layer appear
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to be slightly earlierin date than a group of 35 early 7th century vases found in an osteotheke
discovered in Athens in 1947;1o the date of the osteotheke is given by two gold coins, of
Tiberius II (578-582) and Mauricius Tiberius (582-602). M 367 is similar to a number of
miniature lekythoi from the osteotheke, but it has an elaborate foot, whereas almost all the
vases from the osteotheke are without foot. M 364 and 366 have some similaritiesto pottery
from the osteotheke, but in general the vessels of GroupM, Layer XIII, are more carefully
made and more decorative (gouged and painted ornament)than those from the 7th century
group. It is tempting to suggest that the terminus ante quem for Layer XIII is the last
quarter of the 6th century, when Slavic hordes invaded Athens and caused the retreat of
the population back within the line of the old Late Roman Fortification of the late 3rd
century." For three centuries thereafter the well shaft remained open but was not used
as a source of water.
Layer XIV (top to 21.00 m.), M 385-391. 9th and 10th centuries. There is a considerableperiod
of disuse between Layers XIII and XIV. The depth of XIV and the paucity of objects
found indicate that this is a dumpedfilling, thrown in to close the shaft. The date is indicated
by the appearance of Byzantine glazed pottery (Miss Alison Frantz has kindly examined
the inconsiderableceramic remains of this level and has suggested the dating noted above).
P 7307. Deposit D 11:1 (late 1st century before found also, in more nearly completeform in P 14889
and early 1st century after Christ). (Pls. 38, 72; found with other fragmentsof 1st cen-
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OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY
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M 15. LAMP NOZZLE. P1. 46. Narrow,plain rim, set off from the deep, concave
L 3001. P.L. 0.062. Only the nozzle is preserved. discusby a singlegroove;tripartitelug at eitherside
Pinkish buff clay; black to brown glaze. of rim. Handle, groovedlongitudinally,not made in
Long nozzle with rounded tip, flanked by small the mould. On base, in relief, the letter alpha. Perl-
lugs. Howland type 35 B. zweig.
Storage, Layer I-lamp handle similar to that
M 16. LAMP. P1. 46. of M 20.
L 2998. L. 0.103; W. 0.063; H. 0.032. Intact. Storage, Layer I, lamps-fragments similar to
Buff clay; dull, black glaze (partial). G 130-131.
Rim: largeleaves in relief. Nozzle triangular.Base
flat and offset from body. Howland type 54 B. M21. PYRAMIDALLOOMWEIGHT. P1. 50.
MC362. H. 0.12; base dim. 0.072x 0.066. Intact.
M 17. LAMP. P1. 46. Coarse,buff clay with grits.
L 2999. P.L. 0.081; W. 0.065; H. 0.0338.Handle See L 58a. Also Pnyx, I, pp. 73-76; Davidson,
and nozzle brokenaway. Minor Objects,pp. 161-162.
Pinkish buff clay; dull, black glaze. M 22. CONICALLOOMWEIGHT. Pl. 50.
Rim: smallleaves and tendrils.Base flat. Howland MC363. H. 0.09; D. 0.054. Intact.
type 54 C (see underHowland,Lamps,no. 779). Hard, reddishclay.
M 18. LAMP HANDLE. P1. 46. See Pnyx, I, pp. 76-79. The conical loomweight
continuedin use into the 1st centuryafter Christ;the
L 3213. P.H. 0.037; P.L. 0.043. Upper part of
handle only. shape of M 22, however,with the angle of the profile
near the base, seems closer to Hellenistic than to
Buff clay; slight traces of white paint (?).
Roman examples (see also Davidson, Minor Objects,
The tip of a large handle with handle-guard.The
vertical, pierced handle proper is protected in pp. 148-161). CompareM 204, M 318.
front by a flat plate divided into two discs, each M23. GLASSBOWLFRAGMENT. P1. 54.
markedwith a circulargroove.Perlzweig. G 164. Max. dim. 0.036. Single fragmentof wall
and floor.
M 19. LAMP. Pl. 46. Dark yellow to brown glass with white veins;
L 3000. D. rim est. 0.08. Numerousjoining and mould-pressed.
non-joining fragments preserve nozzle and part of Froman openbowl; on the interior,two concentric
discus and body (only the nozzle fragment is illus- grooves; on the exterior, vertical ribs which grow
trated). wider towardthe top.
Soft, pale buff clay; thin fabric; dull, brownglaze, Comparesimilarspecimensof the 1st centuryfrom
muchworn. Corinth:Davidson, Minor Objects,p. 95, nos. 595ff.
Broad, concave discus marked by one broad and
two narrow concentricridges and set off from the M24. GLASSBOWLFRAGMENTS. Pl. 54.
plain, narrow rim by a single groove. Volutes at G 163.Max.dim.0.03. Threenon-joiningfragments
either side of nozzle, against rim. CompareF 104. of lip and wall.
The nozzle of M 19 is roundedand the volutes are Apparentlymade arounda sand core: at the lip,
set ratherclose together.Perlzweig. a narrow green band; the wall made up of a series
of transparent glass rods (about each of which were
M 20. LAMP, SIGNED. P1.46. woven two fine, spiral threads of yellow glass),
L 2997. L. 0.099; W. 0.082; H. 0.026. Intact. disposedhorizontallyaround the core.
Buff clay; dull, red to black glaze, much worn. From an open bowl with plain lip.
GROUP M 87
BI 371. L. 0.103; W. 0.005. Tip brokenaway. the bottom of a jug or other closed vessel. On the
A pin-shapedimplement with a small spoon-like undersurface,a broadouter ridge (the ring foot) and
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
two narrowconcentricridges.
depressionat wider end. As G 163.
M27. BONE COUNTER, GRAFFITO. M 30. LEAD WHEEL.
Pls. 56, 58. P1. 53.
BI 428. D. 0.024; Th. 0.003. Intact. IL 638. D. est. 0.052. Half the rim and three of the
Circulardisc; on the obverse, a central boss and four spokes are preserved.
two concentric ridges; on the smooth reverse, a A wheel of four spokeswith a knob at the hub on
graffito: IA (i.e., [row] six, [seat] eleven ?). one side; attached to the rim a strand of lead so
Probably a theater ticket or gaming piece; see twisted that its original shape and purpose cannot
Davidson, Minor Objects,pp. 217-222, especiallyno. be determined.
1679. ComparePnyx, I, p. 108, no. 1.
Storage,Layer II-fragments of at least fourjugs Ovoid body on ring foot; the ridged handle is
similar to P 21150; of these one is considerably attached behindthe lip; a horizontalgrooveat b.a.h.
smallerin size, one may have been larger. The body is not wheel-ridged.CompareG 189.
Storage, Layer II-three similar jugs, all of
M 38. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1.20. slightly smallersize.
P 11648. H. 0.35; D. 0.21. Almost complete;
restored. M 43. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.20.
Reddish buff clay, buff slip. P 11650. H. 0.227; D. 0.148. Most of lip missing,
Piriform body on ring foot; bulbous neck and body almost complete;restored.
trefoil mouth (cf. [M 5]). Groovedhandle. The jug Soft, orange-brown claywithgrits;buffslip; mastic.
is decoratedwith white paint (addedafter firing)on Ovoid body on ring foot; almost horizontal
the handle, around the mouth and in six vertical shoulder;high, cylindricalneck with evertedlip, flat
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
stripeson the body; betweeneach two stripes,at the on top. A ridge aroundneck at level of t.a.h.; ridged
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
mid-point of the body, a round spot of white paint. handle. Thereis a slight wideningof the neck at its
Storage, Layer II, glazed ware--fragments of: a mid-point.
bulbous-neckedjug similar to [M 5] (buff clay, M 44. WATER JAR, BASKET HANDLE.
P1.20.
brownish black glaze); a cup with flanged rim
P 11645. H. 0.26; D. 0.212. Almost complete;
similarto G 74-75 (reddishbuff clay, reddishbrown
restored.
glaze).
Hard, pinkishbuff clay; self-slip.
Ovoid body on heavy ring foot; short neck;
COARSE HOUSEHOLD AND COOKING WARE
everted,roundedlip; ridgedhandle.Contrast[G 1061,
M39. STAMNOS,PARTLYGLAZED. P1. 18. J 44, [J 45], M 88-89, M 198.
P 10049. H. 0.19; D. 0.172. Intact. Storage, Layer II-foot and body fragments of
Micaceous, reddish clay with grits; buff slip. several vessels probablysimilarto M 44.
As G 101, J 4, M 40. Horizontalgroovesabove and
below the handles; an incised wave line between the M
45. JAR, ONE HANDLE, GRAFFITO. Pls. 20, 58.
P 11644.H. rest. 0.45; D. 0.22. Mouthand part of
grooves. Decoration in dull red glaze: broad hori-
at
zontal bands mouth, below handlesand below the body missing; restored.
Fine, brownto grayclay withmuchmica;blackslip.
point of maximum diameter; stripe on top of each
handle. Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody, tapering to a neatly-
turned,tubular foot. Splayed handle, markedlongi-
M40. STAMNOS,PARTLYGLAZED. P1. 18. tudinally by a single, very broad groove. At the
P 11640. H. 0.235; D. 0.22. Almost complete; base of the handle, a graffito: PMB.This is read by
restored. Miss Mabel Lang as the year 142 of the Actian era
Coarse,reddish to brownishclay with grits; self- = A.D. 112 (Lang,DatedJars, no. 8).
slip. CompareF 65 and other jars cited there.
As M 39, but the body is moreplump and the lip Storage, Layer II-fragments of at least six
is everted. Horizontal grooves above and below the similarjars, some of which have brown,others black
handles. Decoration in dull black glaze applied as slip.
on M 39.
M 46. JAR, ONE HANDLE, GRAFFITO. P1. 58.
M41. AMPHORA,WIDE MOUTH. PI. 18. P 11643. P. H. 0.17. Neck, handle and part of
P 10052. H. 0.215; D. 0.175. Almost complete. shoulderpreserved.
Orange-buff clay with grits, buff slip; mastic. Fine, brownclay with much mica; brownto black
Ovoid body on ring foot; low neck with wide slip.
mouth and offset lip apparently designed to receive From a jar as M 45. At the base of the handle, a
a lid; two grooves around vertical edge of lip. Ridged rous] PEA. The readingis by Miss
graffito: Nfi[Kns
handles. Horizontal groove on neck and on shoulder MabelLang, who interpretsthe text as representing
at b.a.h. the year 161 of the Actian era = A.D. 131 (Lang,
Storage, Layer II-fragments of another similar DatedJars, no. 14).
amphora of slightly smaller size (reddish clay, gray M 47. AMPHORA. P1. 20.
slip; mastic).
P 10050. H. 0.30; D. 0.188. Almost complete;
M 42. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. PI. 20. restored.
P 11647. H. 0.223; D. 0.155. Almost complete; Pinkish buff clay, buff slip.
restored. Ovoid body on ring foot; everted, overhanging lip;
Soft, reddish clay with grits. handles marked by a single groove. Compare M 90.
GROUP M 89
M 57. BONE MOULDING. Pl. 56. M59. SCULPTUREDHEAD, UNFINISHED. Pl. 52.
BI 678. L. 0.104; H. 0.021; Th. 0.01. Singlepiece, S 904. P.H. 0.042; W. 0.032. Broken below the
theoriginalsurfacesapparentlypreservedeverywhere. neck. Pentelic marble.
A moulding,perhapsfrom a bone box or casket; A roughly blocked-out female head, inclined
the back and bottom surfacesare plain; on the top, slightly to the left; the hair is gathered in a roll
two grooves;on face, a broad,concave channelwith aroundthe face and in a knot at the nape of the neck.
a deep groove above and below; the two ends are M60. MARBLEOBJECT. P1.52.
bevelled for close fitting with the adjoiningsections A 1910. H. 0.20; W. 0.098; Th. 0.048. Intact.
of the moulding. Pentelic marble.
A slab of marble, apparentlyintended to be set
M 58. WOODEN CUP. P1. 73. up vertically on one of the narrow ends, in which
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Apparentlya misfiredpiece. The clay is hard and cup. For other thymiateria,see G 159, H 15, M 224.
gray; the originalslip, togetherwith the glaze which A lid such as J 53 might have been used with this
presumably covered the jug partially, has peeled thymiaterion.
away; the body is seriouslywarped.
As M 67. Storage, Layer III--fragments of two closedvessels,
each with neatly turned ring foot (D. 0.065 and
[M69]. GLOBULARJUG. P1.21. 0.078); the wall, in its lower portion, as far as
P 17871. Deposit C 20:1 (late 2nd to early 3rd preserved,is oblique;reddish,micaceousclay with a
century). thin red wash on the exterior; the exteriorsurface
H. 0.071; D. 0.064. Intact. burnished.
Orange-buffclay with some mica; dull, red glaze.
As K 61; no painted decoration. COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Storage, Layer III-fragments of a similar jug M 75. STAMNOS, PARTLY GLAZED. P1.21.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
(orange-buffclay; the glaze has peeled completely P 9923. H. 0.18; D. 0.184. Cracked,but intact.
from the surface). Pinkish buff clay, buff slip.
[M701.GLOBULAR JUG. P1. 21. As M 39-40, but less globular.Decorationin dull,
P 11946. Deposit B 14:1 (middle of 1st to early red glaze: stripeon lip and on handles;a heavy wave
3rd century). line on eitherside betweenthe handles;broadvertical
H. 0.072; D. 0.083. Almost complete. stripe below each wave line and below each handle.
Buff clay; dull, black glaze (partial). Storage, Layer III-fragments of another vessel
Globular body on small ring foot; flaring lip. decorated with bandsof red-brownglaze and possibly
Groovedhandle. of the stamnos-typeillustratedin M 39-40 and M 75.
Storage, Layer III-fragments of a jug almost These fragments,however, show a deposit of black
identical in shape, clay and glaze to P 11946. mastic on the interior; such deposit has not been
noted in other stamnoi, but it is presentin the wide-
M 71. SMALL POT. P1. 21. mouthed amphoraeM 41 and M 77.
P 9920. H. 0.072; D. 0.064. Fragmentary;restored.
Buff clay, white slip. M 76. STAMNOS. P1.21.
P 10043.H. 0.135; D. 0.154. Intact.
Wheel-ridgedbody on flat base; everted lip. Two
vertical, groovedhandles.A horizontalgroove in the Orange-brownclay with white grits; dull, orange-
handle zone and anotherjust above the base. red glaze (partial).
Globularjar on ring foot; wide mouthwith everted
M 72. SMALL POT. lip. Horizontal handles, round in section, applied
P 9924. H. 0.078; D. 0.079. Almost complete. below lip and bent upwardat center to touch under-
Buff to pinkishbuff clay. surfaceof lip.
As M 71, but the body is not wheel-ridged;hori-
zontal groove in the handle zone. M77. AMPHORA, WIDE MOUTH. P1.21.
P 10038. H. 0.275; D. 0.192. Almost complete;
M73. MINIATUREAMPHORA. P1.21. restored.
P 10044. H. 0.102; D. 0.059. Intact. Buff to pinkishbuff clay, self-slip;mastic.
Coarse,sandy, gray clay; buff slip. Crudelymade; Slender,ovoid body on small ring foot. Neck set
heavy fabric. off from shoulderby a ridge; threehorizontalgrooves
The body tapersto a flat base; the lip is thickened. around the vertical edge of the everted lip. Ridged
For other miniaturevessels see H 14. handles.Horizontalgroove at b.a.h.
M74. THYMIATERION. P1. 21. Compare M 41.
Storage, Layer III--a complete amphora and
P 10045. P.H. 0.08; D. flange 0.076. Lip and foot fragments of another similar to M 77 but smaller
broken away.
(mastic).
Reddish clay, matt white slip overall (except for
interior of foot). Traces of burning on floor of cup. M 78. JAR, WIDE MOUTH. P1. 21.
Hollow stem surmounted by a cup with oblique P 11680. H. 0.282; D. 0.191. Fragmentary; re-
wall; cup set off from stem by a pronounced flange. stored.
The original shape is suggested by two thymiateria Brown, micaceous clay.
from the 3rd century filling of Deposit J 18:1 - P Plump, wheel-ridged body on high, flaring ring
17529, which lacks the flange (publ. Hesperia, XVII, foot; wide mouth and flaring lip with groove on outer
1948, p. 191, pl. LXIX, 8), and P 17580 (P1. 89; the edge. Ridged handles.
foot is broken away); both are covered with white Storage, Layer III-fragments of another jar,
paint and show traces of burning on the floor of the probably similar to M 78 (mastic).
92 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
M 79. JAR, WIDE MOUTH. P1. 22. Ovoid body on ring foot; everted lip. Ridged
P 11637.H. 0.825; D. 0.176.Fragmentary;restored. handle, attached behind lip. Horizontal groove at
Yellowishgray clay with grits; the exteriorsurface b.a.h.
much worn; mastic. Storage, Layer III----onejug, almost complete,
Tall, slender body, narrowing below to a high and fragments of at least eight others similar to
ring foot and above to a wide mouth with everted M 85-86.
lip, flat on top. Ridged handles. M 86. JUG, TREFOILMOUTH.
CompareM 118. P 11635. P.H. 0.14. Neck and part of handle and
M 80. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 21. shoulderpreserved.
P 10047.H. 0.116; D. 0.09. Intact. Micaceous,buff clay with satiny texture; self-slip.
brownish buff fired on As M 85 but somewhatlarger.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Plump body on ring foot; heavy, everted,rounded straight rather than convex profile and the handles
lip; a horizontal ridge about neck at t.a.h. Flat are grooved: rather fine, pinkish buff clay; self-slip;
handles. Decorationin dull red glaze: stripe on lip mastic.
and on handles; three wide horizontalbands around
the body. M 98. AMPHORA. P1. 22.
P 11628. H. 0.845; D. 0.196. Almost complete;
M 93. AMPHORA. P1. 22.
restored.
P 11620.H. 0.30; D. 0.194. Fragmentary;restored. Reddish buff, micaceousclay; buff slip.
Pinkish buff clay, self-slip. Ovoidbody on false ring foot. Narrowneck, rolled
Ovoid body on ring foot; horizontalridge at the lip. Ridged handles.
base of the high, flaringlip. Ridged handles. CompareM 50.
Storage, Layer III-fragments of an amphora
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
probably similar to M 93: soft, brownishbuff clay. M 99. AMPHORA(?) BASE. P1.35.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Elongated, ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody terminating Almost cylindrical body; rounded bottom with
in small ridged knob. Wide neck and mouth with small projectingknob at center. Wide mouth with
heavy, thickenedlip. Handlesmarkedby singleridge. plain, vertical lip. Handles round in section. On the
The fabric is similarto that of M 176 and M 334. wall, two inscriptionsin black paint: the upper, in
two lines, is illegible;the lower,in threelines, is faded
M 104. STORAGE AMPHORA, DIPINTI. PIs. 22, 59. and difficult to read; Miss Lang suggests a-rapvov
P 9922. H. 0.32; D. 0.173. Fragmentary;restored. &rr68sos~ThmTrrcp olDhi7nMrrrSEhq~j (reading later
Gritty, reddishclay; mastic. than drawingon P1. 59).
OBJECTS
OTHER
THANPOTTERY
lamp similarto Broneer,Lamps,no. 551 (with punch G 159. P.H. 0.032; D. lip 0.03. Neck and mouth
marks on rim as no. 679) and of another similar to preserved.Opaquewhite glass.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Broneer,Lamps,no. 570 (cf. also M 132). From a bottle with bulbousneck and plain, flaring
lip.
M 105. GLASSBEAKER. P1. 55.
M 109. BONEDICE. P1. 56.
G 161. H. est. 0.10; D. est. 0.066. Twojoining and BI 362 and 426. Dim. approx.0.009 at each edge.
two non-joiningfragmentsseem to preservethe full Intact.
profile.Blue-greenglass. Apparently a matched pair. The values are ar-
Heavy, disc-like base; almost cylindrical body, ranged as on L 69. Each pip consists of two concentric
tapering slightly toward the plain lip. At the center grooves with a dot at the center.
of the floor a hollow, round knob, of extremely thin
CompareL 68-72, M 251.
fabric; a hole through the base connects with the
interior of the knob. A groove around exteriorjust M110. BONE PIN. P1.56.
below lip. BI P.L.
8370. 0.114; D. 0.004. Point broken.
The blunt end is adornedwith two groovesand a
M 106. GLASSBOTTLE FRAGMENTS. P1. 73. small round knob.
G 160. D. base 0.087; D. neck 0.027. Several M111. BONESPOONFRAGMENT. P1. 56.
joining and non-joining fragments preserved; in- BI 369. P.L. 0.075; W. 0.033. Handle missing.
complete. Clear glass with white decomposition A long, narrow,deep bowl. CompareJ 68.
deposit on exterior.
A bottle with broad,flat base and tall,narrowneck, M112. UNFINISHED STATUETTE. Pl. 52.
similar in shape to the bulbous unguentariain clay S 903. H. 0.17; W. 0.089; Th. 0.045. Apparently
intact. Pentelic marble.
(as M 6-7); compareM 56.
A roughly blocked-out figure, probably female,
M107. GLASSBOTTLEFRAGMENTS. P1.55. seated (2), facing.
G 158. P.H. D.
0.055; lip 0.051. Mouth and neck Storage,Layer III-a bone needle; a bone pin with
preserved.Pale, yellowishgreenglass. round head; numerouspine cones, peach pits, nut-
From a bottle with flaringneck and plain lip. shells, knucklebonesand sea shells (cf. P1. 56).
handle zone, decoration in the form of diagonal behind the lip. Horizontal grooves at mid-point of
gouging. For another unusually early specimen of neck and anotherat b.a.h.
gouged ornament,which is most common after 267, Storage, Layer IV-fragments of a similar but
see K 32. slightly largerjug of orange-buffclay.
M 116. MINIATUREJAR. Pl. 23. M 122. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1.28.
P 9917. H. 0.108; D. 0.064. Intact. P 9915.H. 0.242; D. 0.158. Complete.
Buff to pinkish buff clay, self-slip; thin brown Pinkish buff clay, buff slip.
glaze on the exterior of the lip only. Ovoid body on ring foot; trefoil mouth; everted
Slender, ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody on flat base; lip, groovedon top surface. Ridged handle attached
low, flaring lip. No handles. Compare K 71. behind lip. Horizontalgroove at b.a.h.
Storage, Layer IV--fragments of at least eight
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
M 117. LIQUEUR CUP. P1.23. similarjugs; one of these is of largersize than M 122.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
L 2958. Max. dim. 0.055. Part of base and lower L 3211. D. est. 0.075. Small part of rim, discus
body. and body preserved.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
M 148. JUG, PAINTEDINSCRIPTION. P1. 57. Globular, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; high
P 9905. P.H. 0.115; D. 0.121. Fragmentary;base rim set off from body by ridges,plain lip; the mouth
missing. diameteris small in proportionto the body, in com-
Brownishorange clay; brownishto brownishred parisonwith K 63-64 and M 151-152. Ridgedhandle.
glaze.
As M 145--147.Inscriptionaroundbody in white M 155. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 24.
paint: AfKa 7 depaia;in the drawing on Plate 57 the P 11602.H. 0.146;D. 0.124.Fragmentary;restored.
extremitiesof the dotted line indicate the positionof Hard, buff clay; dull, red-brownglaze (partial).
the handle. A horizontalband of white dots above As J 35, K 65; compareL 4 and the more slender
and anotherbelow the inscription. version,M 218.
Storage,Layer V-a jug of similarshapebut more
M 149. PAINTED WAREJUG. P1.24. slenderproportions.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
M 153. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 24. M 158. DECANTER, PAINTED DECORATION. P1. 24.
P 22001. H. 0.137; D. 0.122. Intact. P 11604. P.H. 0.168; D. 0.182. Neck, handles and
Orange-buff clay; dull, orange-brown glaze (par- part of body missing; partly restored.
tial). Buff clay, self-slip.
Globular, wheel-ridged body on ring foot; high rim, As L 24-25; compare M 215. Decoration in brown
tapering toward a small, everted lip. Sliced handle. and buff paint: a horizontal band of irregular, small
circles (brown) with a dot (buff) at the center of each;
M 164. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 24. above, a crudely executed wreath in brown with
P 9912. H. 0.284; D. 0.20. Fragmentary; restored. details added in buff. An uninventoried, fragmentary
Rather soft, orange-buff clay; dull, orange-red decanter-neck in storage (Layer V) may belong to
glaze (partial). M 158.
GROUP M 99
M 159. DECANTER (2) NECK. P1.24. Buff to reddishclay, hard fabric; self-slip.
P 11608. P.H. 0.059; D. 0.059. The neck is in- Similar to L 9. Handle attached behind lip. A
complete. groove at b.a.h.; no grooveson neck.
Buff clay; dull, reddish brown glaze. Storage, Layer V-six similarjugs, markedby a
A slender neck, narrowingtoward the top; near concave shoulder;no grooves on the neck; the clay
the bottom of the preservedfragmentappearsa sharp rangesfrom buff throughreddishto gray-buff.
angle, below which the neck is constrictedand starts M165. JUG,
to curve downward.Two horizontalgrooves around TREFOILMOUTH. P1.25.
upper part. Perhaps from a decanterwithout flange P 21996. H. 0.31; D. 0.173. Intact.
at the neck; it is possiblethat two handlesjoined the Hard, reddishbuff clay.
neck above the angle. Similarto M 164 but of more slenderproportions.
Single groove at b.a.h.; two grooves aroundneck.
M 160. MINIATURE JAR, BASKET HANDLE. P1.24. Storage, Layer V-eleven jugs, nearly complete,
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
P 9909. H. 0.091; D. 0.058. Almost complete; and fragmentsof eleven others, all similarto M 165;
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
everted lip, the top surface of which slopes to the M 174. AMPHORA.
exterior and is providedwith a small vertical flange P 11605. P.H. 0.14; D. est. 0.165. Neck, handles,
at inner edge. Groovedhandle, rising above lip and shoulderand part of body preserved;lip missing.
attached to the top of the lip. Grooveat b.a.h. The Buff to orange-buffclay, self-slip.
shapeis similarto that of M 120. Inscriptionin black Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; shoulder
paint on shoulder(P1.58), read by MissMabelLang profileconcave; flaringlip. Heavy handleswith deep
as: 7M(-rpai)q; a similar inscription on the base central groove. Grooves around neck at t.a.h. and
employs a cursive eta (as also in M 170). Miss Lang at b.a.h.
informs me that the capacity of the repairedjug is For a morecompletespecimensee P 21818 (P1.40),
2J liters and that the vessel would hold eight Roman fromthe late 3rdor early4th centuryfillingof Deposit
poundsof any liquid having the same specificweight C 18:1. A related shape, but with convex shoulder,
as water or wine.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
M 171. JUG, ROUNDMOUTH. P1. 25. M 176. AMPHORA. Pls. 25, 73.
P 9899. H. 0.264; D. 0.164. Intact. P 11603. H. 0.227; D. 0.149. Almost complete;
Hard, gray-buffclay; self-slip. restored.
As M 169, but lip is level on top and there are two Rather gritty, buff to pinkishbuff clay; self-slip.
groovesaroundthe neck. Plump, wheel-ridgedbody on false ring foot; base
Storage, Layer V-two similarjugs, almost com- markedby concentricridges. Wide neck with thick-
plete, and fragmentsof three others. M 171 and its ened, flaringlip. Handles marked by a single ridge.
two well-preservedparallels are from higher (and The fabric similarto that of M 103 and I 334.
chronologicallylater) levels of Layer V than M 169
and its parallels;the three fragmentaryparallelsto
M 171, however,are from the same level as M 169. M 177. AMPHORA. Pl. 25.
P 9908. P.H. 0.377; H. rest. 0.408; D. 0.172. Lip
M 172. JuG, ROUND MOUTH. Pl. 25. missing, base fragmentary;restored.
P 9906. H. 0.297; D. 0.155. Almost complete; Gray-buffclay, fired pink at core; self-slip.
restored. Slender, wheel-ridgedbody with heavy, flaring
Hard, reddishclay; self-slip. ring foot and mouldedbase. Wideneck, flaringat top
toward a thickened lip (restoredon the basis of a
As M 165, except that the mouth is round.
similaramphorafroma 2nd centurydeposit,M 18:1).
Storage,Layer V-parts of two similarjugs; both
are of somewhatplumperproportions,lack the neck
M 178. AMPHORA. P1.25.
grooves and are from lower (and chronologically
earlier)levels of Layer V than M 172. P 9901. H. 0.32; D. 0.139. Almost complete; re-
stored (was intact when found).
M 173. JUG, ROUNDMOUTH. P1. 25. Brownish buff clay, with some mica; self-slip.
P 11610. H. 0.249; D. 0.179. Fragmentary; re- Slender body, lightly wheel-ridged in upper part,
stored. on small ring foot. Wide neck, terminating in a
Orange-buff clay, fired red in part; self-slip. thickened lip, flat on top. Plain, narrow handles.
Almost globular, wheel-ridged body on ring foot;
the neck widens toward the small, everted lip, which Storage, Layer V, storage vessels-parts of two
is level on top. Handle, marked by a single groove, glazed amphorae similar to J 48, K 68 and L 28;
rises above lip and is attached behind lip. Groove fragments of an amphora similar to J 49 and K 85
at b.a.h., four grooves at base of neck and two around but of larger size; handle fragment of an amphora as
neck at t.a.h. K 115 and P 21330 (P1. 40); fragment of handle and
Storage, Layer V-fragments of six similar jugs. shoulder of an amphora possibly similar to [K 112j;
M 173 and its parallels are for the most part from the fragments of one or more one-handled jars as M 125
lower (and chronologically earlier) levels of Layer V. and of one jar as M 126.
GROUP M 101
OBJECTS
OTHERTHANPOTTERY
M 179. LAMP. Pl. 46. Rim: set off from discus by two ridges and marked
L 3212. Max. dim. 0.064. Part of rim and discus by pairs of dots in relief. Discus: plain. Handle:
preserved. pierced and grooved above and below. Base plain.
Soft, buff clay. Perlzweig.
Rim: rosettes of raised dots. Discus: there are M 184. TERRACOTTA FIGURINEFRAGMENT. P1.48.
visible on the preservedpart a wing and part of the
T 1447.P.H. 0.032. Eyes, nose and browpreserved.
draperyof Eros (?) moving to left. Perlzweig.
Buff clay, self-slip; no traces of coloringremain.
M 180. LAMP. Pl. 46. Fragment of a grotesque, male face; the nostrils
L 2951. L. 0.08; W. 0.069; H. 0.024. Top of handle are widely dilated and the eyebrows slope upward
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY
M 200. LAMP. Pl. 46. right, standing gladiator, similarly armed). Handle:
L 2949. L. 0.106; W. 0.081; H. 0.035. Intact. pierced,grooved above and below. Base plain. Perl-
Hard, somewhatbrittle, reddishclay. zweig.
Rim: plain except for side panels, set off from
discus by two grooves. Discus: gladiatorialscene (at N 201. LAMP. P1.46.
left, kneeling gladiator with sword and shield; at L 3210. L. rest. 0.10; W. rest. 0.088. Four joining
GROUP M 103
and one non-joining fragments of rim, discus and ment, broken all around, from the rim of a large
body; partly restored. bowl (?). Clearglass.
Dark buff to gray-buffclay. The fragment consists of two distinct layers of
Rim: plain, set off from discus by two grooves. glass.
Discus: Eros, winged, 3/4 right, lookingback toward
M 206. FRAGMENT OF BRONZESTATUE. Pl. 538.
a torch (?) held downwardin right hand. Perlzweig.
B 510. P.L. 0.075; W. 0.036.
M 202. LAMP. Pl. 46. The big toe of the left foot of a bronze statue of
heroic size.
L 2948. Max. dim. 0.05. Discus alone preserved.
Reddish clay. M 207. IRONBAIL HANDLEFOR BUCKET. Pl. 58.
Discus: ram to left. Perlzweig. IL 635. P.L. 0.14; D. largerring 0.06.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
L 3005. P.H. 0.05; Max. dim. 0.072. Two joining ring which served as a means of suspensionof the
fragmentspreservemost of lower part of lamp. bucket from the well-rope. Much oxidized; neither
Hard, dark buff clay; dull, red glaze on exterior. end of the handle is preserved. Might have served
Two grooves set off the flat base from the body as handle for a lead bucket such as M 208 or for a
of the lamp, of which there is preservedonly a trace bronze bucket as the uninventoriedexample noted
of a left humanear and of the back of a bald cranium. below.
The lamp may have resembledL 2409, which comes Storage,Layer VI-fragments of two similariron
from a filling of the first half of the 3rd century in bail-handles.
Deposit D 12:1 (A.J.A., XL, 1936, p. 411, fig. 8, M 208. LEAD BUCKET.
middle row, right); compare also L 2207, from
IL 570. Dimensions,as H. D.
dumped fill of same Deposit (A.J.A., XL, 1936, p. 0.235. Handle and about preserved:of 0.172;
200,fig.21; Howland,no. 616).Perlzweig-Grandjouan. one-quarter body miss-
ing; bent out of shape.
Lead bucket, apparentlywith round bottom and
M 204. CONICAL LOOMWEIGHT. straight sides; plain lip, slightly thickened toward
MC358. H. 0.064; D. 0.048. Intact. Hard,red clay. interior.Handle held in
place by two thick lead lugs
As M 22, M 318. which one is
(of missing)appliedagainst the outside,
This object is probably not contemporarywith just below the
lip; rust marks and traces of iron
Layer VI, as loomweightswere not employed after on top of the preserved lug show that the rings
the 1st century (Davidson, Minor Objects,pp. 147-
throughwhich the bail handle pivoted were of iron.
161); but in the 3rd centuryit may have found a use CompareJ 9, J 18, M 137, M 207, M 263 and
other than its originalone. note on p. 101, at end of catalogueof Layer V.
Storage, Layer VI-fragments of another lead
M 205. GLASS FRAGMENT. P1. 73. bucket and of one of bronze
(with which compare
G 154. P.H. 0.03; Max. P. D. 0.35. Single frag- M 28).
As M 209; the handle terminatesin a ram'shead; Shape as L 24-25, M 158 and P 10005 (P1. 39,
the shaft of the handleis groovedspirally.Decoration cited under L 24). Decoration in white paint: on
in white paint: traces of spirals on the interior; upperglazed band, spiralsrotating clockwisetoward
transversestrokeson top of handle. the center and linked below; on centralband, spirals
as above, with the addition of S-shaped lines be-
M211. BOWL,PAINTEDDECORATION. P1. 26. tween; on lower band, short obliquelines.
P 11593.H. rest. 0.082; D. rest. 0.138. One-quarter Storage, Layer VII-a fragmentary decanter
of rim and part of wall preserved;restored. mouth which may belong to M 215.
Reddish buff clay; dull, reddish glaze (partial),
firedblack on exteriorof rim. M 216. DECANTER. P1. 27.
As K 33. Decorationin white paint on rim: spirals P 11587. P.H. 0.215; D. rest. 0.143. of
Top neck,
rotating clockwise toward center and linked above base and much of body missing; partly restored.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
(cf. M 209). This bowl may have had a singlevertical Extremely fine, thin and brittle clay which one
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Gray-buffclay; dull, blackto brownglaze (partial). Storage, Layer VII, glazed wares-fragments of two
Ovoid,wheel-ridgedbody on ringfoot; pronounced bowls, probablyas K 22; fragmentsof a jug similar
shoulder; wide neck; everted lip; round mouth. to M 268; a few fragmentsof a jug (?) of orange-buff
Sliced handle. Compare the earlier and stouter clay with traces of gouged decoration.
variety, M 155.
Storage,Layer VII-fragments of a similarjug. MISCELLANEOUS COARSE AND STORAGE VESSELS
M 219. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.27. M 225. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. Pl. 27.
P 11589. H. 0.165; D. 0.106. Almost complete; P 23540. H. rest. 0.194; D. rest. 0.145. Half of
restored. body, foot and non-joiningneck fragmentspreserved;
Yellowishbuff clay; brownishyellowglaze (partial). restored.
Dark buff clay; mastic.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
plain lip; round mouth. Sliced handle. Comparethe neck widenstowardthe top and terminatesin a plain
earlier variety, M 194, and also L 37, M 266-267, lip. Five horizontal grooves at b.a.h.; four grooves
M 291. around neck below lip. Restored with single, ridged
Storage, Layer VII-two completejugs and frag- handle, on the basis of P 11938 and P 21855.
ments of several others, similarto M 219. M 226. Juo, ROUND MOUTH. Pl. 27.
M 220. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. Pl. 27.
P 9807. H. 0.414; D. 0.258. Complete.
Dark brownishclay, self-slip.
P 11586. H. 0.326; D. 0.199. Almost complete; Ovoid body narrowingto false ring foot; moulded
restored. base. High neck, widening toward the thickened,
Buff clay with grits; dull, slightly metallic, red everted
lip. Handleoval in section. The shape similar
glaze (partial). to L 49 but less plump; the uppertwo-thirdsof body
As L 26 and 41; two grooves on upper surface of marked
by spiralgrooving. CompareM 371.
lip; groove on shoulderat b.a.h.
Storage, Layer VII-one jug, almost complete, M 227. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.27.
and fragmentsof twelve others,similarto M 220-222; P 9883.H. 0.252; D. 0.175. Fragmentary;restored.
the best preservedspecimen is of more slender pro- Coarse,gritty, reddishclay, firedgray at the core;
portionsthan M 220 (H. 0.348; D. 0.198). thin fabric.
Ovoid body, lightly wheel-ridged;false ring foot,
M 221. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. mouldedbase. Wide neck with thickenedlip.
P 11592. H. 0.312; D. 0.191. Almost complete;
restored. M 228. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.27.
Coarse,brownishbuff clay; dull, brown to black P 9888. H. 0.226; D. 0.151. Part of lip missing;
glaze (partial);warpedin firing. restored.
As M 220. Buff clay with grits; mastic.
Broad, false ring foot; narrow neck; thickened,
M 222. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.27. flaring lip. Ridged handle. Two horizontal grooves
P 11599. H. 0.29; D. 0.188. Almost complete; at b.a.h., two at t.a.h., two at base of neck.
restored. Storage,LayerVII-fragments of two similarjugs
Buff clay; dull, purplishred to blackglaze (partial). with flat bases.
As M 220-221; two grooves aroundneck. M 229. AMPHORA. P1. 27.
M 223. P 11600. H. 0.271; D. 0.169. Fragmentary; re-
JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 27.
stored.
P 9887. P.H. 0.22; D. 0.188. Lip missing.
Buff clay, self-slip.
Buff clay; dull, red glaze (partial).
As L 27. Ovoid, wheel-ridged body on ring foot; concave
shoulder; plain, flaring lip. Handles marked by deep
M 224. central groove. Two horizontal grooves at b.a.h. and
THYMIATERION. PI. 26.
two at t.a.h. Compare the larger amphorae L 30
P 11598. P.H. 0.068; D. 0.104. Base and part of
and 54.
lip missing; partly restored.
Storage, Layer VII--fragments of two amphorae,
Gray-buff clay; matt, white slip inside and out;
traces of burning on interior. probably similar to M 229.
Wheel-ridged, cup-shaped body with flaring rim; M 230. STORAGE AMPHORA, GRAFFITI. Pls. 28, 58.
a groove on the vertical surface of the lip. Compare P 9806. H. 0.44; D. 0.285. Part of lip missing;
G 159, H 15, M 74. restored.
106 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
Coarse, gritty, gray-buff to reddish buff clay; Slender body tapering toward a pointed toe;
self-slip;mastic. convex shoulder.Body lightly and irregularlywheel-
Ovoid body on false ring foot; moulded base. A ridged.
small flange encircles the neck just below the lip.
Handles round in section and bowed out from their M 237. STORAGE AMPHORA. P1.28.
lower attachment. CompareL 31, M 302, M 323. On P 9882. P.H. 0.613; D. 0.237. Resting surfaceof
shoulder, on either side, between the handles, a foot missing.
graffito. One (P1.58, M 230a) is read by Miss Mabel Coarse,brick-redclay; mastic; traces of a black
Lang as: 6ao-rpKov Au (Tpat)tE(i. e., "[weight]of pot substance, possibly used in sealing the jar, around
15 [Roman] pounds"-this correspondswith the the lip and the tops of the handles.
actual weight of the restored amphora).The other Slender body tapering to a hollow, tubular toe.
graffito (P1.58, M 230b), less deeply incised, appears The tall neck narrows toward the thickened lip,
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
read rpo;M 242 and 257 readTrrca; M 241 reads l.rl. one-handled jug as M 240. Below handle, an in-
Since these vessels are apparently very similar in scriptionin black paint: ?rac(see underM 241).
weight and capacity, the three differentlegendsmust
referratherto contentsor to the name of the producer M 243. LID. P1.26.
or seller. In the former case, urrpowould stand for P 22007.P.H. D.
0.035; 0.047. Top of knob chipped.
rrp6Tporros (the sweet Mytileneanwine that first ran Orange-buffclay, self-slip.
off the press); iraA would signify Trchat6s; and irll Small lid with high, tapering knob, roughly
would mean uin7rTrS (apple or quince wine). Proper finishedon top.
names beginningwith the syllables-rrpo,TroAand pTI
are so numerousas to allow no specificsuggestions." Storage,Layer VII, storagevessels-fragments of an
amphora(?) of fabric and shape similar to that of
M 242. JAR FRAGMENT,DIPINTO. P1. 58. M 334 though apparently of plumper and shorter
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
P 11590.P.H. 0.17. Mouth,handle and upper part form; toe and handle of jar as M 282; fragmentsof
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
of body preserved. Red micaceous clay. From a floorand wall of a basin probablysimilarto K 81.
M 244. LAMP. P1. 47. with engraved horizontal grooves on the exterior.
L 2947. Dimension across top (including one CompareDavidson, MinorObjects,no. 589.
nozzle) as rest. 0.132; H. 0.047; H. includinghandle M 248. GLASSBEAKER. P1. 55.
0.071. Half of body, two nozzles, part of third nozzle
G 151. D. est. 0.08; Max. P.H. 0.075. Profile and
and of handle missing; restored.
decoration reconstructed from three non-joining
Orange-buffclay with some mica. Colorlessglass.
Lamp with three nozzles, and vertical handle pieces. From a beaker of funnel shape. Engraved hori-
rising from center of discus. Rim: herringbonepat- zontal
tern between circulargrooves, pairs of dots at base groove below the lip; the body decoratedwith
dots of pale blue glass fusedinto the surface.Compare
of each nozzle. Discus: plain. Base: two concentric
Davidson, MinorObjects,nos. 615-616, 641-643.
grooveswith three small incised circlesbetweenthem
and anotherat center. Handle: piercedand grooved. M249. GLASS BOTTLEFRAGMENT. P1. 55.
Perlzweig. G 152. D. lip est. 0.05; P.H. 0.019. Profilerecon-
Storage, Layer VII--a lamp handle of Broneer's structedfrom two non-joiningpieces. Greenishglass.
type XXVIII, grooved on top only and not pierced. The low neck of a bottle with horizontalshoulder.
Applied to the top of the lip, a thread of opaque,
M 245. CLAY ANTEFIX. P1. 49. bluish
green glass.
A 808. P.H. 0.201; P.L. 0.113; P.W. 0.14. About
two-thirds of the face and edge of the palmette M 250. GLASSAMPHORANECK. P1. 55.
preserved;brokenbehind, at one side and below. G 149. D. lip 0.076; P.H. 0.165. Profile recon-
Coarse,reddish clay of brick-likefabric; traces of structed from many joining and non-joining frag-
white paint on the face. ments.
The relief decoration of the face consists of a The neck is made of colorlessglass with a folded
palmette above scrollswith the maker'sname below: lip; to the undersurfaceof the lip, on the exterior,is
a coil of opaque, bluish green glass. The
[HPAKAE]!AO[Y].A more complete specimenfrom applied
the same mould (A 749b) is illustratedin P1. 49; this handles are of similarbluishgreenglass with irregular
antefix comes from the 4th century filling of Deposit vertical threads of red laid on.
B 18:2. M 251. BONE DIE. P1. 56.
M 246. GLAssBOWL. P1.55. BI 427. Dim. 0.008 at each edge. Intact.
The values are arranged as on L 68. Each pip
G 153. H. 0.055; D. est. 0.10. Fragmentary;the
consists of a circulargroove with dot at center; the
full profileis preserved.Colorlessglass.
and dots seem to have been filled with red
A bowl of hemispherical shape decorated with grooves
coloring matter. CompareL 68-72, M 109.
engravedhorizontalgrooveson the exterior.Compare
Davidson,Minor Objects,nos. 590, 592. M 252. WHETSTONE. P1. 52.
ST 219. Max. dim. 0.185.
M 247. GLASS BOWL. P1. 55. An irregularlyshaped piece of fine-grained,dense,
G 150. P.H. 0.065; D. 0.103. Base and part of dark purplish red stone with some mica inclusions.
body missing. Greenishglass. Two surfaces show extensive wear from use as a
A bowl with obliquewall and plain lip, decorated whetstone.
108 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
MISCELLANEOUS HOUSEHOLD WARES M255. JAR, ONE HANDLE, DIPINTO. Pls. 28, 41, 58.
M 253. FUNNEL. P1.71. P 11584.H. 0.485;D. 0.197.Fragmentary;restored.
P 11585. D. est. 0.075; P.H. est. 0.035. Four non- Fabric and shape as M 240. Below the handle, an
joining fragments of rim and body; spout missing. inscriptionin black paint: rwpo(see under M 241).
Fine, hard, grayish buff clay. CompareF 65 and otherjars cited there.
From a very small funnelwith incurvedrim. Storage, Layer VIII-fragments representingat
least eighteen similarjars.
Storage, Layer VIII-fragments of a jug similar to
M 266 and severalbits of gougedware,possiblyfrom M256. JAR, ONE HANDLE, DIPINTO. Pls. 28, 58.
jugs as M 292; parts of two jugs as M 220-222. P 9800.P.H. 0.49; D. 0.189.Lipmissing;fillinghole.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
M254. STORAGE AMPHORA. Pl. 28. As M 255. Below the handle, an inscription in
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
P 11581.H. rest. 0.432; D. 0.30. Handlesand part black paint: wrpo(see underM 241).
of neck missing; neck fragments do not join body;
restored. M257. JAR, ONE HANDLE, DIPINTO. Pls. 28, 58.
Rather coarse,buff clay; self-slip;mastic (?). P 22008. P.H. 0.425; D. 0.19. Most of neck and
Plump body tapering below to a false ring foot resting surfaceof foot missing; filling hole.
with moulded base (? most of base missing but As M 255. Below handle, an inscriptionin black
probablyresembledP 12856,a similaramphorafrom paint: rc(A(see underM 241).
Deposit 0 19:1). The high neck terminates in a
horizontalflange just below the sharp lip. Handles M258. JAR, ONE HANDLE, DIPINTO. P1.58.
round in section. It is possible that the restoration P 22009. P.H. 0.464; D. 0.19. Most of neck and
should have accentuated more the angle between resting surfaceof foot missing;fillinghole.
shoulderand neck. As M 255. Below handle, an inscriptionin black
Storage, Layer VIII-fragments of two or three paint: po (see underM 241).
similaramphorae. M259. JAR FRAGMENT,DIPINTO. P1.58.
Storage, Layer VIII-fragments of two amphorae P 11583.Max. dim. 0.038. Small fragment,broken
similar to M 230-234 and of two others similar to all round, from the body of a jar such as M 255.
M 237 (one of smallersize); fragmentsof two or three Inscriptionin black paint: -rrpo(see under M 241).
amphoraeas M 235 and of one possibly like M 273;
four amphoratoes of the type representedby L 55 Storage,Layer VIII-fragments of threejars similar
and M 238. to M 282.
attachments are preserved,but the nail holes in the M264. IRON CHAINAND HANDLEFRAGMENTS. P1.58.
staves indicate an arrangementsimilar to that of IL 634. Length of links varies from 0.053 to 0.067.
M 260-261. This chain was found at the same level as the
M 263. LEAD BUCKET. P1. 51. buckets M 260-263 and presumablywas used with
one of them for drawingwater. Of eight fragments,
IL 563. H. 0.16; D. 0.24. Handle and small part
the four largest are shown in Plate 53. Three consist
of the wall missing.Heavy fabric.
of chain links. The fourth consists, apparently, of
Bucket as J 9, J 18, M 137, M 208; the bottom
a portionof a bail handlewith a fixedsuspensionring
apparently preserves its original rounded profile. attached; a free-movingring and anotherring which
Plain lip; two U-shaped lugs, attached at lip, held
seems to have been equippedwith a swivel joint run
iron staples (of which only traces remain) through
which the bail handle (alsoiron?) pivoted. through the fixed ring.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY
bottom.
LAYER X (EARLY 5TH CENTURY)
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES Similarto L 38, but the neck is higher.Upperhalf
M 289. PLATE, STAMPED DECORATION. P1.86. of body markedby obliquegougedlines.
P 11562.Max. dim. 0.18; Max.P.D. est. 0.25. Part M293. JUG, GOUGED DECORATION. Pl. 30.
of floor with start of the wall preserved. P 22011. H. 0.165; D. 0.126. Intact.
Reddish buff clay with grits; dull, purplish red Dark pinkish buff clay with grits; dull, brownish
glaze (partial). glaze (partial).
From a plate with flat floor and rounded wall. As M 292 but larger and of more nearly ovoid
Stamped decorationon floor: a pattern consisting of shape.
concentric circles and a borderof dots is impressed
Storage, Layer X--six almost completejugs and
once at the centerand (eight)times in a circularband,
fragmentsof five others, all similar to M 293 (those
the whole surroundedby three circulargrooves. found, like M 293, in the upper levels of Layer X,
The rim was probably similar to that of P 8651 tend to have more slender proportionsthan those
(P1. 71), which comes from Deposit D 6:1 (with from the lower levels).
coins of the 5th century extending down to Marcian,
450-457). M 294. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.30.
P 11563. H. 0.35; D. 0.217. Almost complete;
M290. BOWL, PAINTED DECORATION. P1.71. restored.
P 11570. H. 0.04-0.045; D. 0.158. Fragmentary; Hard, darkbuff clay; dull, darkred glaze (partial).
restored.
Plump, fusiformbody on ring foot; low neck with
Rather coarse,buff clay with grits; dull, red glaze everted
lip. Ridged handle. Two groovesaroundbase
(partial). of neck. CompareM 313.
Bowl of broad conical shape with false ring foot
and vertical rim. Grooveson exterior of rim and at M295. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.30.
centerof floor.Decorationin white paint: on the floor, P 11566. H. rest. 0.212; D. 0.125. Fragmentary,
spiralsrotating clockwisetowardcenter. lip missing;restored.
A very similarbowl, P 8656, was foundin the same Reddish buff clay; dull, reddish brown glaze
5th century deposit as P 8651, cited underM 289. (partial).
AsL 42,M 268.A aroundneckabovehandle
M291. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.30. attachment. Handlegroove
markedby single, broadgroove.
P 11565. H. 0.165; D. 0.095. Handle and part of
lip missing; restored. M 296. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.30.
Buff clay with grits; dull, brownish black glaze P 22013. H. 0.283; D. 0.152. Handle and part of
(partial). lip missing;restored.
Shape as L 37, M 219, M 266-267. Buff clay with grits; dull, reddish glaze (partial).
Storage, Layer X--one similar jug, almost com- As M 295. Four groovesaroundneck above handle
plete, and anotherfragmentary. attachment.
M 292. JuG, GOUGEDDECORATION. P1. 30. M297. JUG, GOUGED DECORATION.
P 9789. H. 0.132; D. 0.102. Intact. P 11572. P.H. 0.22; D. 0.187. Neck, handle and
Buff clay with grits; dull, purplish brown glaze part of body missing; partly restored.
(partial). Hard, reddishbuff clay; self-slip;mastic.
112 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
As L 43. The profileis almost angularat the point M 303. STORAGEAMPHORA. P1.31.
of maximum diameter and is marked there by a P 9791. P.H. 0.439; D. 0.151. Resting surfaceof
horizontalgroove; another groove halfway between foot and one handle missing; partly restored.
that point and the base of the neck. Coarsebrick-redclay with grits.
As M 237 and 274 but smaller;there is, however,
M 298. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. P1. 30. no angularityto the shoulderand the lip is marked
P 11571. P.H. 0.25; D. 0.191. Handle, neck and by a grooveratherthan a flange.
base missing; partly restored. Storage, Layer X-fragments of an amphora of
Hard, reddishclay with grits; mastic. similarshape but of largersize.
Shape as M 297, but larger. Heavy grooves at
base of neck with trace of spiral groovingabove (as M 304. STORAGE JAR, ONE HANDLE. P1.31.
L 43). The gougeddecorationis in two zones:immedi-
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
nating with vertical wave lines (cf. [M 312]); below, Coarse,orange-redclay with grits (similar,except
alternatingtriangularpanels of vertical and oblique for color, to the fabric of M 303 and its
lines. parallels).
Slender body tapering to a false ring foot. Wide
Storage,Layer X-a lip fragmentsimilarto L 43
but of fabricdifferentfrom that of M 297 and 298. neck, offset from a narrow shoulder, and tapering
upward.Handlesfrom shoulderto near the preserved
M 299. JUG, GOUGED DECORATION. P1. 30. top of neck. Lower part of body marked by coarse
P 11564. P.H. 0.232; D. 0.159. Mouthand handle wheel-ridging.
missing. Storage, Layer X-part of a similar one-handled
Red to orange-redclay with grits; mastic. jar.
As L 44.
M 305. STORAGE AMPHORA. P1. 30.
Storage,Layer X-two incompletejugs of similar
decorationbut of slightly more globular shape; frag- P 11567. P.H. 0.40; D. 0.253. Fragmentary;neck
ments of three others probably similar to M 299. and handlesmissing.
Hard, reddishbuff clay with grits; self-slip.
As L 55 and M 238; plumpbody,the profilealmost
COARSEHOUSEHOLDWARES angularat mid-point.
Storage, Layer X-fragments of three similar
[M 300]. SPOUTEDJAR. P1. 30. amphorae.
P 13434.DepositP 19:1 (early6th century).
H. 0.214; D, 0.226. Tip of spout and one handle M 306. STORAGE AMPHORA. P1. 30.
missing.
Rather coarse, reddish buff clay with some mica. P 22015. P.H. 0.297; D. 0.152. Neck and handles
Plump jar with flat base; wide, low neck and missing.
everted lip. Two vertical, ridged handles; single Fabric as M 305. Shape similar to M 305, but
smallerand more slender.
spout centered between the handles and projecting
upwardfrom the shoulder(inner D. of spout 0.03).
M 307. JAR, TWO HANDLES, GRAFFITO. Pls. 31, 58.
Lightly incised decorationon neck: two intersecting
wave lines. P 11569. H. rest. 0.405; D. rest. 0.112. Fragmen-
Storage, Layer X-fragment of a jar, including tary; lip, toe and one handlemissing;partlyrestored.
part of the spout, probablysimilarto P 13434. Reddish brown,micaceousclay.
Smallfusiformjar, similarto M 275--276,but with
M 301. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1.30. high, sloping shoulder and two splayed handles. On
P 9790. H. 0.188; D. 0.128. Intact. shoulder, between handles, a graffito: IVwo(the jar
Coarse, yellow-buff clay; self-slip. wild
might have held wine flavored with &VwoS,
Jug with flat base, wide neck, everted lip and basil). Compare F 65 and other jars cited there.
trefoil mouth. Broad strap handle with single ridge. Storage, Layer X-fragments of at least twelve
red micaceous jars of the one-handled variety and
M 302. STORAGE AMPHORA. P1. 31. of the large size such as is seen in M 277; fragments
P 22012. H. rest. 0.475; D. 0.24. Fragmentary, of two double-handled red micaceous jars of large
base missing; restored. size.
Rather coarse, buff to pinkish buff clay; mastic.
As M 230--234, but more slender. Storage, Layer X-fragments of two jugs as M 220
Storage, Layer X-fragments of four amphorae -221; fragments of two amphorae as M 235 and
probably similar to M 302. of another as M 229.
GROUP M 118
OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY
clay; traces of white paint on body and of yellow (2) very shallowbody; below the body, traces of a bowl
on head. (? or base?) spreadingto the sides.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
LAYERXI (LATE5THCENTURY)
MISCELLANEOUSGLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES M313. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 31.
P 22016. H. 0.30; D. 0.192. Handle and part of
M310. PLATE FRAGMENT. P1.71.
neck missing; restored.
P 11560. P.H. 0.037; D. est. 0.32. Small fragment
Buff clay with grits; dull, red glaze (partial).
of rim and wall.
As M 294; grooves at base of neck and at point
Hard, reddishclay; dull, reddishglaze, firedblack of maximumdiameter.
on exterior of rim.
The rim of a plate; it is possible that the floor was Storage, Layer XI--one similar jug, almost
markedwith stamped patterns (cf. M 289). complete, and fragmentsof three others (one larger,
and one smallerthan M 313).
[M311]. JUG, PAINTEDDECORATION. P1.31. Storage,Layer XI-fragments of two unglazedbowls
P 5626. Deposit N 13:1 (5th century). similarin shape to M 290; parts of five jugs as M 293,
P.H. 0.382; D. 0.23. Fragmentary, lip missing; one with spouted lip (cf. M 360); lip fragment of a
restored. jug similarto M 298.
Hard, gray-buff clay with grits; dull, purplish
brownglaze (partial). COARSEHOUSEHOLDWARES
Plump, fusiform body on ring foot; wide neck,
presumably with everted lip and round mouth as M 314. COOKING(2) POT. P1. 31.
[M3121.Two groovesat base of neck. Broad,grooved P 11561. P.H. 0.225; D. rest. 0.262. Fragmentary,
handle. Decorationin white paint: aroundthe upper upperpart (includinghandles,if any) missing;partly
half of the body, two rows of spiralsrotating clock- restored.
wise toward center, each of those in the upper row Rather fine, reddishbrownclay.
linked vertically to that beneath. Plump jar with flattened base (base slightly
Storage, Layer XI--numerous fragments of two concave at center); roundedshoulder.There appear
jugs similarto P 5626 in shape and decoration. to be faint traces of the upwardturn of the neck, the
diameter of which must have been ca. 0.15. The
[M 312]. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. P1.31. shape suggests a cookingpot, but the fabric is much
P 9874. Deposit K 18:1 (5th century). finer than that of cooking ware and there are no
H. 0.36; D. 0.22. Fragmentary;restored. traces of burningon the vessel.
Rather coarse, buff clay; dull, purplish brown
glaze (partial). [l 315]. JAR, ONE HANDLE,GRAFFITO. Pls.33,58.
Shape as [M 3111; lip slightly everted, round P 10564. Deposit D 15:2 (6th century).
mouth. Two grooves at base of neck and two at H. 0.52; D. 0.183. Intact.
point of maximum diameter. On the upper part of Reddish buff clay with mica; six carelessly exe-
the body, gouged decoration:tall leaf pattern alter- cuted vertical streaks of reddish brown glaze from
nating with vertical wave line (comparethe deco- shoulderto toe; mastic.
ration of M 298). Slenderbody taperingto narrowtoe with concave
Storage, Layer XI-fragments of at least two base. Short neck; everted, thickened lip. On the body,
similar jugs, one ornamented with the same pattern, a small graffito: Christian monogram.
the other with vertical gouged lines. Storage, Layer XI--fragments of a similar jar.
8
114 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY
Dark buff clay, containingsome mica. Fine, hard, light buff clay.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Ovoid body on false ring foot with mouldedbase. Fabric and shape as M 329; decorationas M 330.
High neck with thickenedlip. Handlesoval in section.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
which could with certaintybe identifiedas belonging The bottom surfaceis convex; on the top, a rough
to one-handledmicaceousjars. knob, approximatelysquarein cross section.
[M 336]. JAR, ONE HANDLE. P1. 88.
Storage,Layer XII--fragments of threejugs similar
P 13172.Deposit 0 18:1 (late 5th or 6th century). in shape to M 294 but slightly smallerand without
H. 0.50; D. 0.203. Complete.
glaze; considerableportionsof a jug resemblingL 49,
Hard, reddishbuff clay; dull, brownto blackglaze but slightlymoreplump;numerousjoiningfragments
smearedover the upperpart of body; mastic. of a flat-bottomedjug similarto M 370; considerable
Shape as [M 315], but the toe is sufficientlywide remains of an amphorasimilar to P 21818 (P1. 40;
for the jar to stand upright; mouldedbase.
cited under M 174-this late recurrenceof a 4th
Storage,LayerXII-fragments of six similarjars. century shape is noted also in P 13180,which comes
M 337. LID. from the same deposit as [M 336 ); part of an un-
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
P 11552. H. 0.027; D. 0.047. Intact. guentarium, coated with mastic inside, similar to
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
OTHERTHANPOTTERY
OBJECTS
M 338. LAMP. P1.46. M342. GLASSCUP FRAGMENT. Pl. 54.
L 2912. P.L. 0.095; W. 0.077; H. 0.082. Part of G 312. P.H. 0.029; D. 0.048. Foot preserved.
discus and most of body missing. Colorlessglass.
Orange-redclay. As M 341.
Rim: ovules. Discus: bust of Helios, radiate, M 343. GLASSCUP FRAGMENT.
facing. Handle: solid, groovedabove only. Perlzweig. G 313. P.H. 0.026; D. 0.043. Foot preserved.
As M 342.
M 339. LAMP. P1.46.
M344. GLASSCUP FRAGMENT.
L 3209. P.L. 0.079. Part of discus preserved.
Reddish clay with grits. G 314. P.H. 0.029; D. 0.045. Foot preserved.
Rim: groups of concentric semicircles. Discus: As M 342.
rosette. Handle: solid, grooved above. Perlzweig. M 345. GLASS CUP FRAGMENT.
G 315. P.H. 0.024; D. 0.041. Foot preserved.
M 340. KILN-SUPPORT(2). P1. 50. As M 342.
MC352. P.H. 0.068. Brokenabove. M346. GLASSCUP FRAGMENT.
Coarsebuff clay. G 316. P.H. 0.029; D. 0.038. Foot preserved.
A roughlytriangularpiece of clay, smoothedfront As M 342.
and back, with a small flange projectingat a right
M 347. GLASSBOTTLEFRAGMENT. P1.55.
angle from the base on the front. The use to which
this object was put is uncertain. G 145. P.H. 0.04; D. 0.062. Lower part of body
preserved.Greenishblue glass.
M 341. GLASS CUP FRAGMENT. Pl. 54. Cylindricalbody; concave base.
G 144. P.H. 0.08; D. 0.048. Foot of cup preserved. M348. GLASSHANDLE. P1.54.
Greenishglass. G 146. P.H. 0.063. One handle,with part of body
Short, globular stem; flaring base with folded at lower attachment. The body colorless;the handle
edge. Compare Davidson, Minor Objects,no. 720 of opaque, dark blue glass.
(datedin 11th or 12th century, but with 6th century A vertical, grooved handlewith doublefold at the
parallels). top.
LAYER XIII (LATE 6TH CENTURY)
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES M350. BOWL, STAMPEDDECORATION.Pls. 338,86,71.
P 9657. H. 0.065; D. 0.258. Almost complete;
M 349. BOWL, STAMPED DECORATION. Pls. 36, 71. restored.
P 9656.H. 0.055; D. 0.207.Fragmentary;restored. Thin, hard, reddishbrownclay; dull red glaze.
Hard, orangeclay; reddishorangeglaze (partial). Broad bowl on ring foot. At center of floor,
Bowl on ring foot. Everted, horizontallip, marked stamped decoration: dog (?) to left, head turned
by groove at outer edge and another at inner edge; back (the outlinesof the figureareincuse,ratherthan
outer edge of lip has plan of a decagon.At center of in relief,as also on M351 and a largegroupof related
floor,stampeddecoration:swastikain incuse square. bowls).
GROUP M 117
P 9659. H. 0.052; D. est. 0.18. Single fragment As M 357. Gougeddecorationaround body: four
preservescompleteprofile. vertical leaf patterns.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
The shape is similarto that ofM 362; the handle, Ratherhard,pinkishbuff,micaceousclay; crudely
which is lightly ridged,joins the neck below the lip. made; mastic.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Storage,Layer XIII-a similarjug of gritty, buff Wheel-ridged,fusiform body; narrow, flat base;
clay with dull, reddishglaze (partial). tall, narrowneckwith slightlyevertedlip. No handles.
It is of interest to observe that between the
[M365]. JUG, INCISED ORNAMENT. P1.33. bulbous unguentariaof the 1st century (as G 96-98
P 21609. Deposit D 14:1 (late 6th and 7th cen- and M 6-7 and [8]) and those of the 6th (as M 369
turies). and a commontype of late stamped unguentarium,
H. rest. 0.228; D. 0.166. Most of lip and frag- of which two specimensare publishedin Hesperia,
ments of body missing;base does not join; restored. III, 1934,p. 295, nos. 289-290) thereare no terracotta
Soft, orange-buff,micaceousclay; soapy texture to unguentariain evidence in the Agora collection. It
surface (as M 356 and 363); dull, red glaze (partial), is logical to assume that the light weight of glass
much worn; mastic. bottles and their cheapness(as a result of the rapid
Plump jug on flat base; slender neck; plain, diffusion of the technique of glass-blowingin the
flaring lip. Ridged handle. Grooves aroundneck at 1st century and later) made glass preferableto clay
its base and below lip. Incised decoration:at base for perfumecontainers.CompareF 50.
of wall, a wave patternbetweentwo horizontallines; Storage,Layer XIII-fragment of anothersimilar
on base, wave pattern. vessel. For an uninventoriedfragment of a similar
Storage, Layer XIII-base fragment of fabric unguentariumin Layer XII, see p. 116.
similarto that of P 21609 and markedwith the same
incised wave pattern. COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES
neck, slightly thickened lip. Body lightly wheel- Plump body; base probably moulded (as in P
ridged. On the shoulder,inscriptionin black paint; 11296, Deposit G 11:2, 5th century). Wide mouth
only the letters ev can be made out with certainty. with plain, everted lip; top of lip slopes toward
interior.Handles oval in section.
M373.JAR, TWOHANDLES. Pls.34,41. The fabricof this pot is quite unlike that of earlier
P 9662. P.H. 0.542; D. 0.208. Lip and tip of toe cookingware (as M
51-52, G112ff., G 192ff., K 89ff.),
missing; filling hole. which is generally of a more gritty consistency and
Reddish brown,micaceousclay; mastic. contains particles of mica. The relative infrequency
Fusiform, wheel-ridgedbody. Hollow toe which of cookingwaresin GroupM (and in the later Groups
originallytaperedalmost to a point. Splayedhandles. in general) is probably explained by the fact that
CompareF 65 and other jars cited there. Groups J, L and M are use fillings of wells and as
A complete specimen of a two-handledjar with such were more likely to contain water jars than
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
pointed toe is found in P 12861 (DepositP 18:2-6th broken kitchen ware, which was generally thrown
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY
M 383. LAMP. P1. 46. Watch-shapedbody. Rim: much worn ovule pat-
L 2883. W. 0.075; H. 0.027. About half missing, tern at sides; tongue pattern radiating from wick-
includingnozzle and handle. hole towarddiscus.Discus:large andplain, separated
Pinkish clay; dull, red glaze. from rim by a high circular ridge. Exceptionally
All the relief decorationmuch worn. Rim: wave broad, solid handle markedby seven grooves. Base:
lines ane dots. Discus: cross (2). Base concave.Perl- oval relief ring (restingsurface)from which grooves
zweig. extend up the body on either side of the nozzle;
between base and handle, three tongue patterns in
M 384. LAMP. P1.46. relief. This lamp is perhaps an imitation of earlier
L 2880. P.L. 0.087; W. 0.05; H. 0.029. Tip of types such as F 98 and G 4; the tongue pattern ad-
nozzle missing. jacent to the wick-holeis, however,quite similarto
Gray-buffclay; dull, brownishblack glaze. that of M 375-377. Perlzweig.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Similar to N 1 but plumper;the handle, grooved Jug with flat base, flaring neck and plain lip.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
longitudinally, is attached at the lip rather than Strap handle. The proportionof neck to body sug-
belowit; at the top of the handle,adjacentto the lip, gests that this jug had a roundmouth, as N 2, rather
a small piece of clay to serve as a thumb-rest. than trefoil mouth, as N 6-9.
N 11. Juo, ROUNDMOUTH. P1. 35.
N 3. JUG. P1. 85.
P 12740. H. 0.119; D. 0.095. Part of lip and neck
P 12732. H. 0.175; D. 0.189. Half of lip and part
of body missing; restored. missing;restored.
Hard, coarse,dark reddishclay with grits.
Clayand shapeas N 2. Restoredwith roundmouth Jug with flat base, rather narrowneck, plain lip,
as N 2. roundmouth; strap handle.
N 4. JUG. P1. 35. N 12. GLASS BOTTLE FRAGMENT. P1. 54.
P 1273388.P.H. 0.144; D. 0.14. Handle, lip and G 180.P.H. 0.102;D. lip 0.086.Lip, neckandpart of
most of neck missing. shoulderpreserved.Thin,bluishgreen,translucent glass.
Hard, reddish clay (finertexture than in N 1-2); From a sloping shoulderrises a tall, narrowneck
buff slip. with plain, flaringlip.
Shape as N 2, as far as preserved,but the neck N 13. BRONZE EARRING. Pl. 53.
is less wide.
B 567. D. 0.088. Complete.
N 5. JUG. A plain, thin circlet of bronzeterminatingat one
P 12734. P.H. 0.114; D. 0.187. Neck and hande end in a small loop which serves as a catch for the
missing. other end.
Hard, coarse,reddishclay with grits. N 14. BRONZEEARRING.
Shape as N 4, as far as preserved. B 568. D. 0.028. The two ends of the circlet are
N 6. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 85. broken away.
As N 13, but the circlet is marked off into four
P 12785. H. 0.17; D. 0.136. Intact.
Hard, purplishbrownclay with grits. segments by thickened bands encirclingit at three
points.
Jug with flat base; neck narrowerthan in N 1-3;
slightly everted lip, trefoil mouth; two groovesjust N 15. PAIR OF BRONZEEARRINGS.
below lip; handle with thumb-rest,as N 2. B 569. D. est. 0.029 and 0.08. Both rings are
broken;the ends in each case are missing.
N 7. JUG, TREFOILMOUTH. Pi. 85. Similarto N 18.
P 12786. H. 0.168; D. 0.128. Intact.
Coarse, gritty, reddish clay, fired buff at surface N 16. LID FRAGMENT,BTAMPEDHANDLE. P1. 86.
on one side. SS 8043. Max. dim. 0.188; Th. lid 0.015. Small
Similar to N 6, but there is a slight angularity at fragment of a flat lid, broken all around, with a
the shoulder, and the handle, marked by a longi- heavy, arched handle set on taop.
tudinal ridge, rises above the lip. Hard, coarse, reddish buff clay with large grits.
At either end of the arched handle, impressions of
N 8. JuG, TREFOILMOUTH. P1. 35. the potter's fingers; across the top of the handle, a
P 12787. H. 0.125; D. 0.096. Intact. stamp, possibly incomplete at right, the letters ret-
Coarse, reddish clay, softer than that of the other rograde and in relief: ]irupo&.
jugs in Group N and exhibiting a tendency to flake N 16 is from the filling immediately below that
at the surface. which contained the bones and the objects N 1-15;
Jug with flat base, narrow neck, slightly everted in the same lower filling were found fragments (un-
lip and trefoil mouth; strap handle. inventoried) of an amphora similar to M 329-4-1.
INDEX OF ROMAN DEPOSITS
In the preliminarypublicationsof the Agora Excavations locations have been indicated by referenceto
the individual grids which had been applied to the fifty-seven sections into which the area was divided for
purposesof excavation.'Each of these many sectionshad been treated as a unit in charge of an individual
excavator, with its own set of field notebooksand inventory of objects found. Inasmuchas the only feasible
boundariesof the sections were the irregularmodernstreets and alleys which threadedthe thickly built-up
region, it appearedimpracticalin the beginningto co-ordinatethe many section grids into one. Now, how-
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
ever, virtually the whole area has been openedup and it has been possibleto apply to it the grid of the plan
of the city of Athens which is included in the national topographicalsurvey. For conveniencein reference,
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
that part of the grid covering the Agora and its environshas been divided into squaresmeasuringtwenty
meters to the side; these squareshave been designatedarbitrarilyby means of letters runningfrom west to
east and by numbersfrom north to south (P1.76). Within the 750 grid-squaresthus constituted have been
found over 1200 "deposits"; hencefortheach deposit will receive a designationconsistingof its grid location
symbol (letter-numbercombination)plus a serial numeral which will serve to distinguish between several
depositslying within the same grid-square.3It is plannedto publishultimatelya catalogueof the designations
of all depositsexcavatedin the Agora.Herewithis presenteda preliminarylist of seventy-five deposits(those
to which referenceis made in the presentvolume) with an approximateindicationof the chronologicalrange
of the materialfound in each.
A partiallist of Agora deposits has alreadybeen publishedin connectionwith the Greeklamps (Howland,
Lamps, pp. 234-245). Further study has in certain cases provided modificationin the dates previously
cited; other changesmay be expected as the researchfor future volumes of the series clarifiesour under-
standing of the deposits.
In this list the term "use filling"is employedto describematerialwhich found its way into a deposit as a
result of normaluse of well or cistern as a sourceof water supply. "Dumpedfilling"refersto debris thrown
into well, cistern or other deposit in orderto close it after its naturaluse had come to an end. Use fillings
generally contain large numbersof nearly complete vessels, predominantlythose which had been designed
for or adapted to use as water jars; brokenhouseholdpottery, throwninto the well- or cistern-mouth instead
of onto a more distant refuse heap, occurs in smaller quantities. The pottery from use fillings may rep-
resent an accumulationover several centuries (as GroupM). Carefulexcavation of a narrowwell shaft can
reveal a "stratified"use filling which is of value in determiningthe relative chronologyof the objects con-
cerned; the great diameterof most cisterns,however,and the tendency of materialwhich falls into them to
create a conical mass over the floor, makes it extremely difficult to obtain a detailed "stratification"for
cistern use fillings. Dumped fillings generallyconsist of material from a public dump or from the debris of
ruined buildings; such filling cannot provide evidence of stratification;further, the pottery from dumps is
generallyof a very fragmentarynature and may representan accumulationof severalgenerations.Dumped
fillings,however,aremorelikelyto containa largeproportion
of finewaresthanareuse fillings.
1Hesperia, II, 193388,
2
pp. 100f.
Theterm"deposit"is hereusedto referto any physicalunit (well,cistern,grave,pit, etc.) in whichthe recoveredfinds
presentsufficienthomogeneityto be of valuein the study of type, style and/orchronology.
8 So, for example,the well depositpublishedin Hesperia,XVIII, 1949,pp. 298ff., and therereferredto as well at 113/AA
in sectionTTe,now becomesDepositB 15:1.
124 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
GRID NATURE OF
CHRONOLOGY
REPRENCE DEPOSIT
A 14:1 well Use fllings of 2nd cent. B.C., 1st and 4th cents.
after Christ;dumpedfillingof late 4th cent.
B 12:1 well Use filling of second half of 1st cent. B.C. to first
half of 3rd cent. after Christ; dumped filling of
4th cent.
B 13:1 cistern Dumped fillings of 3rd cent. B.C. and of firsthalf
of 1st cent. after Christ.
B 18:2 Use filling of late 1st to early 3rd cent.; dumped
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
well
filling of 4th (and 5th?) cent.
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
B 14:1 well Use fillingof middleof 1st cent. to 3rd cent. (before
267); dumpedfilling of 5th cent.
B 14:2 well Use filling of late 1st to late 2nd cent.; dumped
fillingof 4th cent.
B 14:3 cistern Dumpedfillingof secondhalf of 1st cent.
B 20:1 well Use filling of second half of 1st to middle of 2nd
cent.; dumpedfillingof early Byzantine times.
B 21:1 cistern Dumpedfillings of second half of 1st to early 2nd
cent. and of 5th to 6th cent.
C 9:1 pit Dumpedfilling of first half of 2nd cent.
C 10:3 well Dumped filling of second half of 4th cent.
C 12:1 well GroupJ. Use filling of middle of 2nd to early 3rd
cent.
C 18:1 well Use fillingof late 3rd to 5th cent.; dumpedfillingof
5th or 6th cent.
C 18:2 well 3 rd cent.
Use filling of second half of 1st to early
C 18:3 fill beneath Late 2nd cent. B.C.
Roman Bath
C 20:1 well Use filling of early 2nd to middle of 8rd cent.;
dumpedfillings of late 3rd and 5th (?) cents.
D 4:1 cistern GroupG. Use fillingof early 1st cent. B.C.; dumped
fillings of first half of 1st cent. after Christ and
of late 1st to early 2nd cent.
D 6:1 cistern Dumped filling of second half of 5th to early 6th
cent.
D 11:1 well Dumped filling of late 1st cent. B.C. to middle of
1st cent. after Christ.
D 12:1 well Use fillings of first half of 1st to early 2nd cent.
and of late 2nd to middle of 3rd cent.; dumped
fillings of late 3rd to middle of 4th and of 5th and
6th cents.
D 14:1 well Use filling of late 6th and 7th cents.; dumped
filling of Turkish times.
D 15:2 well Filling of late 6th and early 5th cents. B.C. (fallen
in from an adjacent well shaft); shallow use filling
of 2nd cent. after Christ: use filling of 6th cent.
INDEX OF ROMANDEPOSITS 125
GRID NATURE OF
CHRONOLOGY
REFERENCE DEPOSIT
D 17:1 well Use filling of late 1st and early 2nd cents.; debris
of late 2nd cent.
E 5:1 cistern Dumped filling of late 4th and 5th (?) cents.
E 11:1 cistern Filling eliminated by digging of E 11:2.
E 11:2 well dug through Use fillings of first half of 1st cent. and of 4th to
cistern E 11:1 early 5th cent.
E 14:1 cistern Use filling of late 4th and early 8rd cents. B.C.;
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
N 17:1 well Use fillings of middle of 3rd cent., 4th and 5th
cents., early Byzantine times.
N 17:2 well Use filling of middle of 1st to middle(possiblyend)
of 2nd cent.
N 18:1 cistern Probably constructed in 3rd cent. B.C.; filling
eliminatedby constructionof well N 18:5.
N 18:5 well dug through Dumpedfilling of 4th cent.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
cistern N 18:1
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
R 18:1 well Dumped fillings of late 5th cent. B.C. and of late
1st cent. B.C. to middle of 1st cent. after Christ.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
2273 K 2 3111 K 90
2274 K 21 3112 K 100
2275 K 55 3113 K 97
2276 K 99 3114 K 103
2277 K 102
2278 K 82 4129 of. M 272
2279 K 39 4201 [M 13]
2420 K 83 4503 cf. G 101, J 40
2421 K 92 4592 cf. K 22, L 25
2422 K 81 4624 cf. L 25
2423 K 75
2424 K 72 5313 cf. G 102
2425 K 17 5626 [M 311]
8329 J 54 8903 F 67
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
8330 J 48 8904 F 30
8331 J 49 8905 F 36
8332 J 41 8906 F 89
8333 J 44 8907 F 40
8334 J 50 8908 F 53
8335 J 51 8909 F 7
8336 J 40 8910 F 9
8337 J 47 8911 F 10
8338 J 55 8912 F 8
8339 J 56 8913 F 11
8340 J 39 8914 F 14
8341 J 52 8915 F 25
8342 J 30 8934 F 21
8480 cf. F 50 8935 F 22
8481 cf. F 50 8936 F 20
8482 cf. F 50 8937 F 23
8487 [G 99] 8938 F 91
8488 K 69 8939 F 56
8489 K 70 8940 F 55
8490 K 61 8941 F 75
8491 K 54 8942 F 12
8492 K 52 8943 F 74
8493 K 47 8948 F 47
8494 K 46
8495 K 26 9034 F 13
8496 K 28 9069 F 17
8497 K 43 9084 F 50
8498 K 44 9189 of. F 71
8499 K 5 9171 cf. G 72
8500 K 6 9288 F 45
8501 K 7 9402 [K 67]
8502 K 12 9411 M 886
8503 K 14 9530 F 57
8504 K 45 9540 F 3388
8505 K 49 9626 G 218
8506 K 35 9627 (+9988) G 84
8507 K 62 9628 (+9989) G 76
8508 K 68 9629 G 214
8509 K 65 9647 M 867
8510 K 64 9648 M 369
8511 K 84 9649 M 854
8512 K 105 9650 M 370
8518 K 104 9651 M 357
8514 K 98 9652 M 360
9
180 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
22082 G 78
21996 M 165 22083 G 79
21997 M 164 22084 G 72
21998 M 166 22085 G 117
21999 M 168 22086 G 118
22087 G 119
22000 M 150 22088 G 82
22001 M 153 22089 G 109
22002 M 151 22090 G 110
22008 M 194 22091 G 124
22004 M 198 22092 G 111
22005 M 218 22093 G 126
22006 M 240 22094 G 43
22007 M 243 22095 G 98
22008 M 257 22096 G 96
22009 M 258 22097 G 88
22010 M 274 22098 G 40
22011 M 293 22099 G 17
22012 M 302 22100 G 83
220183 M 296 22254 G 91
22014 M 4 22369 K 38
22015 M 306 22370 K 101
22016 M 313 22371 K 66
22017 M 320 22372 K 32
22018 M 364 22373 K 8
22019 M 359 22874 K 77
22020 M 389 22375 K 41
22021 M 887 22376 K 119
22022 M 385 22377 K 58
22055 G 217 22378 K 56
22056 G 169 22379 K 91
22057 G 167 22380 K 40
22058 G 166 22881 K 10
22059 G 170 22882 K 50
22060 G 171 22888 K 33
22061 G 175 22884 K 115
22062 G 174 22885 K 98
22068 G 173 22886 K 107
22064 G 198 22387 K 94
22065 G 20 22388 K 11
22066 G 28 22389 K 53
22067 G 16 22390 K 57
22068 G 18 22891 K 60
22069 G 8 22892 K 86
22070 G 10 22893 K 87
186 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
THANPOTTERY
OTHER
OBJECTS
A 630 cf. K 141 B 611 K 150
652 J 7
678 K 189 716 L 19
679 K 140 724 L 20
680 K 141 735 L 76
681 cf. p. 72 786 L 77
742 L 21
749b of. M 245
BI 229 J 25
803 G 207 230 J 15
804 G 206 231 J 16
805 G 205 232 J 8
806 G 160
807 G 161 318 J 68
808 M 245 346 G 211
347 G 208
1074 of. p. 73, note 2 348 G 209
358 G 210
1128 of. p. 58, note 2 359 G 7
1124 of. p. 58, note 2 362 (+426) M 109
369 M 111
1812 of. G 205 370 M 110
1910 M 60 371 M 26
1917 of.p. 58, note 2 374 G 163
1918 of. p. 58, note 2
1919 of. p. 58, note 2 424 G 164
(426+)862 M 109
B 182 K148 427 M 251
428 M 27
826 J 17
520 L 35
422 3M288 521 L 16
485 M 28 589a L 68
486 M 29 589b L 69
540 L 74
510 M 206 541 L 75
567 N 13 542a L 70
568 N 14 542b L 71
569 N 15 543 L 72
544 L 73
609 K 149
610 K 151 678 M 57
CONCORDANCEOF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUENUMBERS 137
149 M 250
150 M 247 1015 of. K 17
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
151 M 248
152 M 249 1104 K 125
158 M 246 1105 K 129
154 M 205 1106 K 126
155 M 185
156 M 187 1245 K 124
157 M 186 1246 K 128
158 M 107 1257 K 180
159 M 108
160 M 106 2043 cf. L 63
161 M 105
162 M 25 2207 of. M 203
163 M 24 2299 J 24
164 M 28
180 N 12 2800 J 23
2801 J 14
226 L 67 2318 J 6
227 L 66 2861 J 64
228 L 65 2864 J 66
2365 J 60
312 M 842 2383 J 62
313 M 343
814 M 344 2409 of. M 203
315 M 845
816 M 846 2503 cf. J 14
418 H 27 2681 J 68
419 H 26 2682 J 59
420 H 25 2688 J 65
2684 J 61
2651 K 122
I 4221 of.p. 72 2652 K 128
4656 of. p. 120 2697 F 100
2698 F 97
2699 F 98
IL868 J 18
369 J 9 2719 F 102
2721 F 101
562 M 819
568 M 2683 2866 G 220
567 G 212 2867 G 221
570 M 208 2868 G 219
571 M 187 2869 G 226
572 M 188 2870 G 224
138 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD
28938
3201 G 202
2912 M 388 3202 G 204
29183 M 817 8203 G 203
2914 M 284 3204 G 128
2915 M 283 3209 M 889
2930 G 154 3210 M 201
2931 G 129 3211 M 132
2932 G 127 3212 M 179
298833 G 134 3213 M 18
2934 G 4 3222 F 103
2985 G 83 3223 F 99
2947 M 244 3225 F 104
2948 M 202
2949 M 200 3346 [K 132)
2950 M 181
2951 M 180 8879 L 34
2952 M 183 3880 L 12
2958 M 182 3881 L 183
2954 M 181
2955 M 180 3928 L 14
2956 M 129 3958 L 64
2957 M 128 3992 L 58
2958 M 127 3993 L 62
2962 G 182
2963 G 222 4027 of. G 184
2964 G 223
2965 G 155 4144 of. M 132
2966 G 149 4150 of. G 149
2967 G 144
2968 G 145 4217 [K 1381
2969 G 187
2970 G 186 4691 of. G 4
2971 G 188
2972 G 185 4795 IH 22
2978 G 141 4796 H 21
2974 G 148
2975 G 157 4862 M 390
2976 G 148 4876 G 201
2977 G 147 4877a of. p. 38
2978 G 138 4877b G 200
2979 G 142 4878 G 153
2980 G 150 4879 G 151
2981 G 152 4880 G 156
2982 G 180 4881 G 158
CONCORDANCEOF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUENUMBERS 189
7406 of. p. 48
MC 852 M 840
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
905 K 76 820 L 18
826 L 17
505 H 29
S 856 K 144
891 K 145
Numbers refer either to catalogued items within cular building (monopteros),46; Great Drain, 58;
the groups(letter plus numeral) or to pages (numeral Holy Apostles,Churchof, 58; monopteros(circular
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
only); page references are grouped after catalogue building), 46; Panathenaic Way, 58; University
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Justinian, emperor (527-565): closes schools of Relief patterns: G 4 and passim in catalogue
Athens, 3 Relief scene: Aeneas and Anchises, G 202;
Juvenal: Satirae,503 animal (2), G 151; Eros, K 121, M 179,
M 201; erotic symplegma, G 153, L 12;
4411
KALLIPPOS: gladiatorial combat, M 200; Helios, M
Key: bronze,L 77; iron, L 78, M 189, M 319 338; Herakles,38; ram, M 202; uncertain,
Kiln-support:F 1, M 340 M 129
Knidos:G 159;amphorae,F 96, L 55, 43, 45, 53, 72,120 Plastic: G 159, J 14, J 24 (and 70), M 133-134,
Knife: iron, G 211-212 M 203; 75
Knucklebones:84, 94, 97 Roman: 8-9, 517
Koronis: 529 Signatures:see Pottery, Stamps
Wick: M 181
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Kourion (Cyprus):F 65
Lanx: K 4
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
LAMPS: F 97-104, G 3-4, G 127-129, G 130-131 (and Lead, objects of: F 64, J 9 (and 518), J 18, M 30,
M 137, M 208, M 263; 80
86), G 132-158, G 200-204, G 219-226, H 21-22,
J 6, J 14, J 23, J 24 (and70), J 59-66, K 121-132, Limestone(poros):H 29; 46, 58
L 12-14, L 34, L 58, L 62, L 64, M 15-20, M 55, Lion: J 27, K 17
M 127-131, M 132 (and94), M 133-134, M 179-183, Lip: 7
M 200-203, M 244, M 283-284, M 317, M 338-339, Looms: G 162
M 375-384, M 390 Loomweights: G 162, L 58a, M 22; conical, M 22,
Attic, Howlandtypes: M 204, M 318; discoid, G 162, M 285; pyramidal,
L 58a, M 21
type 35 B: M 15
type 39: G 221
type 40 A: G 3 MAECILIUS TULLUS, M.: F 48
type 44 A: F 102-103 Magnus(potter):F 50
type 44 D: G 140, G 220 Marble:J 27, L 36, M 287, 58, 120; Hymettian, 46;
type 49 A: G 134, G 142, G 149 Pentelic, G 165, H 28, K 144-145, K 147, L 17,
type 49 B: G 134 M 59-60, M 112, 46, 120
type 50 B: G 127-128 Marcian,emperor(450-457): M 289
type 52 B: G 219 MarcusAurelius,emperor(161-180): J 14
type 52 C: F 100 Martial:503
type 52 E: F 99, F 101, G 130-131 Mask: G 36, G 102, G 228, H 23, K 136-137
type 53: G 133 Mastic: F 65, J 5 and passimin catalogue;8
type 54 A: F 97 MauriciusTiberius,emperor(582-602): 84
type 54 B: M 16 Measurements:8
type 54 C: M 17 Medallions,mouldmade:K 17, L 63, M 31
type 54 D: G 135, G 138 Mediterranean,Eastern: 1, 609
type 56 var.: G 132 Megarianbowls: G 48
type 57: F 98 Mehrum(Germania):G 102
type 58 A: G 4 Mero?(=Begarawiyah, Nubia): G 102, M 54
type 58 B: G 136-137, G 222 Merus,C. (potter?): G 34
Corinthian,Broneertypes: Methymna(Lesbos):G 113
type XIII: G 3 Mirror:bronze,L 21
type XVIII: G 4; 38 Monogram, Christian: M 315
type XIX: G 4, G 134; 38 Mosaic: 10, 50, 74
type XX: G 147, H 21; 38-89, 463, 70 Mother of the Gods: J 27; 120
type XXI: 88 Mould, terracotta: 80
type XXII: F 104 Moulding: bone, M 57
type XXIV: G 200; 38-89, 70 Munatius Vopiscus, M.: 529
type XXV: 38-39, 70
type XXVII: L 63; 38, 463, 70 NAIL: iron, M 188, M 260, M 262
type XXVIII: G 147, M 244; 70, 80 Needle: bone, J 15-16, J 25, L 16, L 35; 94
Ephesos: G 134, G 149 Nomenclature: 5-8, 399, 609
Hellenistic: 8 Nubia: Ballana and Qustul, F 65; Begarawiyah
Knidos: G 3 (= Mero8), G 102, M 54
Ornamentation: Numeral notation: J 5
Applique: G 3 Nutshells: 84, 94
INDEX 145
Painted ornament(see also Local late Roman 112),M 236 (and102), M 237 (and102, 108),
painted ware): F 16-17, F 91, G 101, J 4, M 238 (and108),M239 (and102),M 254 (and
K 108, M 38-40, M 92, M 217, M 329-331, 110), M 272, M 273 (and108),M 274, M 302-
M 362, 75, 83; floralpattern,F 16-17, K 20- 303, M 305, M 306 (and114), M 323-324, M
22, K 24, K 26, K 60, L 25, M 158, M 191, 325 (and 80, 119), M 326, M 327 (and 119),
M 217; "reversedS" pattern, K 23, K 25, M 328, M 329 (and 114, 119; cf. N 16), M
M 149; spiral pattern, J 19, K 22, K 28, K 330-331(cf.N 16),M332-333,M334(and
59, K 61, L 22, L 24, M 209-211, M 213-215, 77, 107, 119), M 372, M 388-389, M 391
M 265, M 290, M 311, M 329; wave lines, Basin: F 62 (and 31), F 90, G 99-100, G 187,
interlaced,M 329-331 K 78-80, K 81 (and 107), M 163
Punch marks:L 5, L 57, M 157 Beaker: F 18-24, G 41-42, G 44, G 94, H 2,
Relief ornament:G 38, G 45, G 48, J 31, K 4, H 3 (and27), M 4
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Rouletting: F 1-2, F 20, F 22, F 26-27, F 33, 40), G 35 (and 26), G 70-71, G 73, H 6-7,
G 16, G 18-21, G 28, G 33-35, G 44, G 53- M 33
57, G 61-62, G 66, G 76, G 78, G 85-86, G Bottle, medicine: G 217
166-167, G 169, G 179, H 4, H 10-11, H 13, Bowl: F 16-17, F 28-35, F 51-54, F 60-61, G
H 17-18, K 3, M 4, M 31, M 34, M 36-37 12, G 14, G 21-24, G 48, G 51 (and 41), G
Spiralgrooving:M 226, M235, M 272, M 321; 6 52-69, G 76-78, G 169, G 179 (and 31), G
Stampedornament:see Late Roman stamped 184, G 185 (and 31), G 186, G 216, H 1, H
ware, Local late Roman stamped ware, 12-13, H 31-32, J 31, K 17-18, K 19-21 (and
Stamps (potters') 75), K 22 (and75, 105), K 23-27 (and75), K
Thorndecoration:F 23, G 2 28-34, K 42-51, L 2, L 22, L 63, M 1, M 31-
Wheel-ridging:F 69 and passimin,catalogue;6 32, M 34, M 61-64, M 66, M 113, M 140-142,
Pergameneware: F 1-14, G 1, G 8-15, G 28, G M 209-210 (and114),M 211-212, M 290 (and
73-74, G 174, K 35, v, 6, 117-8,40; imitation 78, 80, 113, 117), M 349, M 350 (and78, 80,
Pergameneware, G 14-15; mottledPergamene 114), M 351-356
ware, H 1, 40 Brazier: G 123 (and 69)
Protogeometric:8 Casserole:F 76, F 77 (and 34), G 190
Relief ware, moulded: G 38, G 45, G 48, G 172, Closedvessel (shapeindeterminate):91
J 31, J 54, K 4, K 77, L 57, L 63, M 31, M 209- Cup:F 26, G 17-18, G 28-30, G 39-40, G 43,
210 G 45, G47, G 72, G 79-81, H 10, J 29, K 52-
Samian ware: F 15, F 34, G 16-32, G 166-171, 57, M 2-3, M 33, M 143-144
G 174, G 176, G 213, H 30, J 28-29,M 31-33, Cup, hemispherical:F 6-11, G 1 (and 40), G
v, 6, 129, 25, 40, 60; imitation Samian ware, 13, G 73, G 74-75 (and 88), G 180, H 8-9
G 15, G 28 Decanter:L 24-25 (and75),M 158-159,M215-
Shapes: 216
Amphora:F 69-74, G 108, J 48 (and31, 100), Dish, cookingware: G 112, J 22, K 89-91
J 49 (and100), J 50-52, K 68 (and31, 100), Flowerpot: G 111
K 84, K 85 (and100),L 3 (and31), L 28 (and Frying pan: F 79, G 113-115 (and 42), M 11
100), L 30 (and75), L 31 (and80, 102), L 32 Funnel: F 63-64, M 9, M 119, M 253
(and80), L 52-54, M 12 (and93), M 41 (and Haltern shapes: Haltern ib, G 33; Haltern 2,
43), M 47 (and43), M 48-49, M 50 (and93), G 34, 26; Haltern3b, G 49; Haltern8, G 35;
M 77, M 90-94, M 95 (and 96), M 96-99, M Haltern 16, G 44
128-124, M 174 (and 67, 116), M 175, M 176 Jar, one-handled: F 67, G 107, M 126 (and 56,
(and 77), M 177-178, M 199, M 214, M 229 100), M 282 (and 107, 108, 114; cf. L 50), M
(and 112) 304, M 815, M 336 (and 119)
Amphora, storage: F 92, F 98 (and 48), F 94 Jar, one-handled, micaceous ware: F 65-66
(and 85, 48), F 95-96, G 126 (and 85), G 197 (and 42), G 107 (and 42), J 46, J 47 (and 67),
(and 96), G 198 (and 85), G 199 (and 69), L 50-51, M 45 (and 85, 98), M 46, M 125 (and
G 218, H 20, H 33, J 5, K 108-111, K 112 100, 102), M 240-242 (and 75), M 255-258
(and 100), K 118, K 114 (and 48), K 115 (and (and 110), M 259, M 275-276, M 277 (and
100, 102), K 116-118, L 11, L 3388 (and 75), 110, 114; of. M 307), M 278-279 (and 110),
L 55 (and 77, 108), M 18-14, M 53, M 54 (and M 280-281, M 307, M 885
85), M 102 (and 96), M 103 (and 77, 89), M Jar, two-handled: M 78-79, M 118, M 300
104, M 280 (and 102, 108, 110, 114), M 281- Jar, two-handled, micaceous ware: L 50-51,
284 (and 108, 110, 114), M 285 (and 108, 110, M 307, M 3885(and 114), M 378
INDEX 147
Jug: F 25, F 44-45, F 55-59, F 68, G 2, G 85- 99), K 38-41, L 1, L 59-61 (and 80), M 35,
86 (and 41), G 87, G 88 (and 41), G 89-92, M 65, M 189, M 289, M 310, M 385
G 93 (and41, 93), G 103 (and42, 89), G 104- Pot, cookingware: F 80-85, F 88, G 116-118,
105, G 119, G 120 (and 85), G 171, G 182- G 192, G 193 (and 34), G 194, G 195 (and
183, G 188 (and56, 89), G 189, G 214, H 11, 34, 85), H 19, J 55-57, K 92-96, K 97-105
H 17-18, J 10-11, J 18, J 19-21, J 34-36, (and 56), M 51-52, M 314, M 874
J 41, J 42-48 (and 89), K 58-67, K 82-88, Pot, small: M 71-72, M 269
K 106, L 4, L 8-10, L 23, L 26 (and 75, 99, Pyxis: G 17
102), L 27, L 37-40, L 41 (and 99, 102), L Savings bank: L 29
42-46, L 47-48 (and77), L 49 (and116), M 5 Situla: G 102
(and 88), M 86-38, M 42, M 43 (and 88), M Skyphos: K 52
67-70, M 80 (and 89), M 81-87, M 101 (and
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Sprinklerjug: M 217
89), M 114, M 115 (and 99), M 120-122, M Stamnos: G 101, J 4, J 89-40, M 39-40, M 75-
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
Sarapionof Chollidai:521 Tile: hypocaust, G 161, J 7; roof, 58; well, 50, 73, 82;
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
['HpaKhE]ifSo[]:
viavaucTaix(and viauimatov): J 5
M 233
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
LAMPS TI-ve(~fiAecS):
frous: J 5, M 46
'A(--): G 133, G 1386,G 138-139, G 141, G 143-145, M 147
G 149, G 152, G 220, G 223-226, H 21-22, J 60, E1Oerlv:
a&rEAsiS:4411
J 62, M 20, M 127
M
E4ppcv: 147
'Arr(-): G 131 (2)
(and LA1E):K 17, K 33, M 147
LtScrats
'Arrokcoviou: G 130 (cf. G 205)
rl-auvpot:L 29
Atovvoovu:F 98 J 24
K 125 i&dVT-es:
'EXkrrtmrlp6pouv: M
KdSos: 8830
['Erray]douo:M 128 KaOcap(oO):M 199
Ku(--):M284
[K]a;d: M 146
fla(-): G 131 (2) KoahiA:K 19, M 148
Hczpcap6vou:G 134
J KipSoS:G 21
TThpEfOou: K 122 (9), L 12, M 182
23, M 169-170, M 199, M 280, M 232
M(Trpat):
Hphiov(Fpedpouv): L 18, M 129, M 132
M M 241
Poqpgou: 283 (2) glhir;S:
G 219 koarat:M 54, M 123, M 273, M 324, M 327
IOrr(---): olvicrrpia: 5311
Othoopooov:K 126 M 230
Illegible: G 200, J 63, J 65, K 132 6ao'rpdKou:M
o(O)y(yiat): 199, M 232
POTTERY AND FIGURINES rracyvia:M 118
M 241
arrchat6S:
'Asptavoi: J 5 H
-rrodaov: 20
"Aorlpos:M 308 lTp6rporro5:M 241
EG8co(pos): 5311 M 199
OTrKp(b(orroS):
Eipupti[-]: H 33 aipatov: G 215
M279
Zc"rTIKo0: M 104
aordTpvov:
['l]Epcav[J]pcp: J 52 M 145
ap&d(:
NIKrS:M 46 M 145, M 190
~pcxgtypaTa:
lepiqcp:H 33 J 14
cOtIhnls:M 104 :aEoivepo-ros:
OtAhrrc:M 104 qa;hos: 4411
[X]prci': J 52
[-]aotGKAis-:L 32
Xip(a): M 54
LATIN NAMES &pafa: M 148
Asul(eianenses ?): K 117 LATIN WORDS
Camuri: G 37 deuteria: 4411
Severi: G 84 figlinae: K 117
L. Titi Thyrsi: G 83 operaria: 4411
Uncertain: K 116 vina: 4411
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
PLATES
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
F8
F 68
F 38
F1
F9
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F56
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G 93 G 95 G 96 G 97 G 98
G 48 (1:2)
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PLATE 61
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
G 13 G 14
Ware.
Pergamene
F 15 G 16
G 17 G 18
Samian B Ware.
G 19 J 28
G 167 G 169
G 22 G 213
G 31 M 31
G 32 G 24
G 25
0 10 crs.
Samian A Ware.
Profiles.
PLATE 62
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
M 33 J 29 G 28
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
G 21 G 171 M 32
G 29 G 30
Samian A Ware.
G 33
G 35
G34
G 36
Western SigillataWare.
F27 G 47
G 46
M 35 G 160o
0 0oca
G 172
K4
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
G45 F 26
H3
G 42
P 762 (cf. M 4)
F 46 G 94
0 10 Cs.
f
."
F 16
O 10 cm5.
F 34
F33
0
Group F.
K1
K3
K2
F 29
M 139
1st Century B. C.
10cis.
F28
F 35 F 36
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
F 41 F 42
F 51 F 54
G 49
G .50i VcMS.
G 54
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
G 52 -c
G 58
G 53 G 59
G60 G65 G 61
G 66 G 68 G 69
G 70 G 73 G 74
G 76
SiOcw ms.
G 77
G 176
G 184
G 216
Group G.
0lo
Profiles.
Scale 1:2
101M.
H4
H7
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
J 30
J 31
J 32
J 33 J36
Group J. 2nd to Early 3rd Century
KS5
K 17
K 19
K48
K41
K 32
o10
Group K.
Profiles.
Scale 1:2
9KCW
K 36
K50
K
PLATE 70
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
L1
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
[L2]
L 59
P 12009(cf. L 61)
P 11186(cf. L 61)
Group L. Late 3rd to Early 5th Century.
M1 M2 M3
[M 65] M 144
a IO cas.
M 209
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
M 253 M 290
M 310
M 350 M 354
M 352
M355
M 349 M3
c" M 356
F60 F61
F 62 (elevation of handle)
[G99]
F62 [G oo00
4 F 82
80 F81 83F 8 4F 85
8 8P
J 55 57
F 78
K
819
G 191
Utility Vessels.
Profiles.
PLATE 73
G 13 M 176 G 21
(ring foot) (false ring foot)
M 94
(flaring ring foot,
moulded base)
P822(cf.[K113])
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
G 82 [M 101]
(ring foot, conical base) (moulded base) M 145
) m d (grooved base)
G 33 G 13
...
G 175 M 95M15 M 48
(carinate rim) (flanged rim) (rolled lip) (thickened lip) (grooved base)
- (grooved base)
Details of Feet, Bases, Lips.
Scale1:3
K 146 (marble)
M 58 (wood)
K 147 (marble)
L 76 (bronze)
H 24 (clay)
M 205 (glass)
"
I N- \
/i
N B N 18:1
I:i
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
T
N
e
, C
oH L 3 A
H H
)'- II------t
2. i------- 71.
H, tt.
Q15:1
(BA.II) (DRAPN)
7
OEC "0/
O ,4-A
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PLATE 75
E5:1 D :-
59.o8
58.41 I
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
.. o.b
t' .?r
G5ECTIOr A-A
? ! ,
., . o - .
? ,
.
'A
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-. :.. :~ :-
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A B C D IF 1 J K L Mi O Q S T U V X Y
AA
AEXCA L
2 " ATHENS
3 to o Ltosoeo k o1 o
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
5 5
p4
6 6
7 \
13
.
12 12
0A152 C L C N J K L /A0 Qi P T U V / X Y
4- "2.
25
29