FULLY WORKED SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER

9 INTEGRATION

Focus on STPM 9
du
1 3 + sin

cos2 x
x dx =

3 + sin x dx
cos2 x cos2 x 3
x
1 x4
dx = 2
1 u2 u = x2
du
= 2x
= [3 sec2 x + (cos x)2 1 du dx
sin x] dx =
2 1 u2 x dx =
du
2
= [3 sec2 x (cos x)2
1+u
(sin x)] dx 1 1


= ln +c
(cos x)1 2 2 1u
= 3 tan x +c
1
1 + x2
= 3 tan x + 1 + c
cos x
=
1
4
ln
1 x2
+ c
a+x
a x =2a ln a x + c
dx 1
2 sin2 x cos2 x dx = (sin x cos x)2 dx 2 2
2
1
= 2
sin 2x dx
x = sin
4 Let
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x dx
= cos
1
sin x cos x = sin 2x d
2 dx = cos d
1 cos d
= 4 sin 2
2x dx x 2
dx
1 x2
=
sin2 1 sin2
1 1 cos 4x
=
4 2
dx = sin
cos d
2
cos2
cos 4x = 1 2 sin2 2x
d
sin2 2x =
1 cos 4x
2
= sin 2

1 x

1 = csc2 d

8
= (1 cos 4x) dx
= cot + c 1 x2
q

= x sin 4x + c
1 1 1 x2
= x + c[Shown]
8 4

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 5 Let u = ln x x 1
1 1
2x
du 1
8
0 1 + x
2
dx =
2 0 1 + x2
dx
=
dx x 1
= [ln |1 + x2|]10
dx 2
= du 1
x = [ln (1 + 12) ln (1 + 02)]
2
x ln x = x ln x
dx dx 1
=
1
(ln 2 ln 1)
2
du 1
= = ln 2
u 2
= ln |u| + c
2
x2
= ln |ln x| + c 9 0 16 x2
dx
d Let x = 4 sin
6 (tan3 x) = 3 tan2 x sec2 x
dx dx = 4 cos d
= 3(sec2 x 1) sec2 x
= (3 sec2 x 3) sec2 x For the lower limit, when x = 0,
= 3 sec4 x 3 sec2 x [Shown] 0 = 4 sin
=0
(3 sec4 x 3 sec2 x) dx = tan3 x + c
For the upper limit, when x = 2, 2 = 4 sin
3 sec4 x dx 3 sec2 x dx = tan3 x + c

1
3 sec4 x dx =  3 sec2 x dx sin =
2
+ tan3 x + c
= 3 tan x =
6
+ tan3 x + c
16 sin2
sec4 x dx = tan x +
1 6
0 16 16 sin2
(4 cos d)
3
c
tan x +
3
16 sin2 (4 cos d)
=
6
3
1
0
4 1 sin2
sec4 x dx = tan x +
3
tan3 x + c = 16 sin2 d
6

0

2
(1 + 2 x ) ln (1 + x ) dx 1 cos d
1
7 = 16
6
0
0 2
( )
= x + x 2 ln (1 + x ) x + x 2( 1
)
1 1
dx
=8 (1 cos 2) d
6
0 0 1+ x
0
1
= ( 2 ln 2 0 ) x(1 + x )
1
dx 1

6
0 1+ x = 8 sin 2
1 2 0
= 2 ln 2 x dx
1

0
= 8 sin 0
x2
1
6 2 3
= 2 ln 2

2 0
1

4
= 4
3 2
3

= 2 ln 2 4
2 = 2 3[Shown]
3

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 2
10 Let t = tan
x A =
2 5
dt 1 x 1
dt
= sec2
dx 2 2
5
0 (2t + 1)(t 2)
1
= 1 + tan2
x
2 1
5(2t + 1) + 5(t 2) dt
1
2 2 = 5

0
1
= (1 + t2)
2 1

dx =
2 dt
1
5 1
= 5 ln 2t + 1 + ln t 2
5
0
1 + t2 1
For the lower limit, when x = 0, = ln 2t + 1 ln t 2 0
t = tan 0 2t + 1
1

=0
= ln
t2
0

For the upper limit, when x = ,
2 = ln 3 ln 12

t = tan

3
4 = ln
=1 1

2
5 dx

2
= ln 6[Shown]
0 3 sin x + 4 cos x
2

1 2 dt dx

3
11
1 + t2 1 sin x
= 5
0

1 t2
0
3
2t
1+t 2 + 4
1 + t2 Let t = tan
x
2
1
2 dt x
= 5 0 6t + 4 4t2 tan x =
2 tan
2
x
1 + t2 2t 1 tan2
1
dt 2
= 5 0 3t + 2 2t2 x 2t
=
1 t2 1 t2 1 + t2
1
dt

2t
= 5 x
0 2t 3t 2
2
t = tan x
2 1 t2
1
dt
= 5 0 (2t + 1)(t 2)
dt 1
= sec2
dx 2
x
2
1 A B
Let = +
(2t + 1)(t 2) 2t + 1 t 2 =
1
2
1 + tan2
x
2
1 A(t 2) + B(2t + 1) 1
= (1 + t2)
2
Letting t = 2, 1 = B(5) 2 dt = (1 + t2) dx
1
B= 2 dt
5 dx =
1 + t2
1
Letting t = , 1 = A
2
5
2

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 0 1
When x = 0, t = tan = (1 + t2)
2 2
=0 2 dt
1 + t2 2t

2 dx = x
When x = , t = tan 1 + t2
3 3 1 t2
For the lower limit, when x = 0, t = tan 0
= 3
=0
2 dt
2
dx 3
1 + t2 2
= For the upper limit, when x = , t = tan
3
3 3
1 sin x
0 0
1
2t
1 + t2 = 3

3
2 dt
= 1 + t2 2t 2

3
3
12+dtt dx
3

0 2
3
dx =
5 + 4 cos x 1t
5 + 4
1+t
0
3
dt 2
=2 0 (t 1)2
0

3
2

=
2(t 1)1 3

=
0
6 dt
5 + 5t2 + 4 4t2
1 0
3 dt
2 3 =6
=
t1 0
0 9 + t2
t 3
2 2

1
= 6 tan1
3 3 0
=
31

1
a + x
dx 1 x
= tan1 + c
2 2
a a
2
= 2
31 3
2 2 3 1

= 2 tan1
3
tan1 0
=
31 =2 6 0
2 3
= = [Shown]
31 3
2 3 13 sin x A
 (3 sin x + 4 cos x) + B(3 cos x
= [Shown]
1 3 4 sin x)
sin x (3A 4B)sin x + (4A + 3B)cos x
x
12 Let t = tan
2 Equating the coefficients of sin x,

dt 1
= sec2
x 1 = 3A 4B 1
dx 2 2
Equating the coefficients of cos x,
1
= 1 + tan2
2
x
2 0 = 4A + 3B 2
Solving 1 and 2 simultaneously, we
have

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 3 4
A=

25
and B =
25
5
3
=  ln 4 ln 4
3 2
3
3
+
3
2

sin x
2
0 3 sin x + 4 cos x
dx 2

ln 1 + ln 1 +
2
2
3

5
5 3
5


2 3 4 = ln ln 3 + ln 2 ln
(3 sin x + 4 cos x) (3 cos x 4 sin x) 3 2 2 3
= 25 25

dx 5
0 3 sin x + 4 cos x
5 2 3 2
= ln + ln
3 cos x 4 sin x 3 3 2 5
253 254 3 sin x + 4 cos x dx
2
= 3
0
5 5 3 6
= ln + ln
= 3
25
x
4
25
ln |3 sin x + 4 cos x| 0
2

3 6 2
= 0.577[Shown]
5

3
= 0
25 2
4 [ln
25
|3 + 0| ln |0 + 4|]
15
6x 6

A
+
Bx + C
(x + 3)(x2 + 3) x + 3 x2 + 3
= 0.235
6x 6 A(x2 + 3) + (Bx + C)(x + 3)
17 + x A B Letting x = 3, 18 6 = 12A
14 +
(4 3x)(1 + 2x) 4 3x 1 + 2x 24 = 12A
17 + x A(1 + 2x) + B(4 3x) A = 2
1 1
Letting x = ,16 = B 4 3
2 2
1
2 Letting x = 0, 6 = 3A + 3C
6 = 6 + 3C

1
16 = B 5
2
1
2 C=0
B=3 Letting x = 1, 0 = 4A + (B + C)(4)
0 = 8 + 4B
4
Letting x = , 18 = A
3
1
3 1 + 2 43 B=2

1
18
3
=A 3 23

6x 6

2
+ 2
2x
(x + 3)(x + 3) x + 3 x + 3
2

A=5
26x 6

17 + x
=
5
(4 3x)(1 + 2x) 4 3x
+
3
1 + 2x
1 (x + 3)(x + 3)
2
dx
2

2
2x
1
17 + x = + 2 dx
1 x + 3 x +3
21 3
(4 3x)(1 + 2x)
dx
= 2 [ln |x + 3|]21 + [ln |x2 + 3|]21
1 = 2 (ln 5 ln 4) + (ln 7 ln 4)
5 3
= 4 3x + 1 + 2x dx
2
1
3

5
= 2 ln + ln
4
7
4

1 1
5 3 3 2 7
=
3 2
1
3
4 3x
dx +
2 2
1
3
1 + 2x
dx
= ln 4
2
1 1 5
5[ 3 4
=  ln |4 3x|]21 + [ln |1 + 2x|] 21
3 3
2 3 28
= ln [Shown]
25

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 13 11x + 6x2 A B Letting x = 5, 1 = 8B
16  +
(x + 3)(x 2)2 x + 3 (x 2)2 B=
1
C 8
+
x2 Letting x = 3, 1 = 8A
1
13 11x + 6x2 A(x 2)2 + B(x + 3) + A=
8
C(x + 3)(x 2) x2 + 2x 14 1 1
2 =1+
Letting x = 2, 15 = 5B x + 2x 15 8(x 3) 8(x + 5)
B=3 5 x2 + 2x 14
Letting x = 3, 100 = 25A
4 x + 2x 15
2 dx

A=4
1 + 8(x 3) 8(x + 5) dx
5
1 1
=
Letting x = 0, 13 = 4A + 3B 6C 4
5
13 = 4(4) + 3(3) 6C
= x +
1
8
1
ln |x 3| ln |x + 5|
8 4

C=2
1 1 1 1

13 11x + 6x2
=
4
+
3
+
2 = 5 + ln 2 ln 10 4 + ln 1 ln 9
8 8 8 8
(x + 3)(x2 + 3) x + 3 (x 2)2 x 2
1 1 1
= 5 + ln 2 ln 10 4 + ln 9
4 13 11x + 6x2 8 8 8
3 (x + 3)(x + 3)
dx
29
1

2
= 1 + ln
8 10
44 4
3 4
2
=
3 x+3
dx+
3 (x2)
2
dx + 3 x 2
dx
1 9
= 1 + ln [Shown]
8 5
4
= 4 [ln |x + 3|]34 + 3 (x 2)2 dx

3
18 x cos2 x dx
+ 2[ln |x 2|] 4
3
0

4
3 1 + cos 2x

= 4 [ln |x + 3|]34 x2 3
+ 2[ln |x 2|]34 = x 2 dx
0

= 4 (ln 7 ln 6) 32 31 + 2(ln 2 ln 1) cos 2x = 2 cos2 x 1

7 3
= 4 ln + + 2 ln 2
6 2
cos2 x = 1 + cos
2
2x

= 3.50[Shown]
1
x + 2x 14
17 2
2
=1+ 2
1
= 0 2
(x + x cos 2x) dx
x + 2x 15 x + 2x 15
1
1
=1+
1 = 02
x dx + 0 2
x cos 2x dx
(x 3)(x + 5)
1 =
1 x2
2 2
+
1
2
1
sin 2x x
2 0
1
2
x2 + 2x 15x2 + 2x 14 0 0

x2 + 2x 15
1
sin 2x 12 dx Integrating by parts.

Let
1

A
+
(x 3)(x + 5) x 3 x + 5
B =
x2
4 0
+
1
4
x sin 2x
0 0
1
4
sin 2x dx

1 A(x + 5) + B(x 3)

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 dy
= 5 12x
=
x2
4 0
1
+ x sin 2x +
4 0

1
8
cos 2x dx
0
Since a < 0, the curve has a maximum
2 1 1 1
= 0 + sin 2 0 + cos 2 cos 0 point.
4 4 8 8
2 1 1 dy
= + At maximum point, =0
4 8 8 dx
2 5 12x = 0
= [Shown]
4
5
x=
19 y = 4x2 5x 1 12
y = 5x 6x2 2
Substituting 1 into 2 ,
When x =
5
12
,y=5
5
12
6
5 2
12
4x2 5x = 5x 6x2 1
=1
10x2 10x = 0 24
10x(x 1) = 0 Hence, the minimum point of the curve is
x = 0 or 1
From 1 : When x = 0, y = 0.
5
,1
12 24
1
.
When x = 1, y = 1. The graphs of y = 4x2 5x and
Hence, the points of intersection are y = 5x 6x2 are as shown in the
(0, 0) and (1, 1). following diagram.
The curve cuts
y = 4x2 5x = x(4x 5) the x-axis at the y
dy points (0, 0)
= 8x 5
dx
1

2
and 1 , 0 .
4 125 , 1 241  y = 4x 2 5x
1
Since a > 0, the curve has a minimum
point. A1
dy x
At minimum point, =0 0 1 2
dx
8x 5 = 0 1 A2 (1, 1)
5 y = 5x 6x 2
x= y = x
8 2
 5,
1
9

5 5

5

2 8 16
When x = , y = 4 5
8 8 8
9
= 1
16 The equation of the chord joining the
Hence, the minimum point of the curve is points of intersection (0, 0) and (1, 1) is
y = x.
5
8
, 1
9
16
. 1
y = 5x 6x2 = x(5 6x) A1 = 0
5x 6x2 (x)dx
1
The curve cuts the x-axis at = (6x 6x2) dx

5 0
the points (0, 0) and , 0 .
6

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 1
= 3x2 2x30 4
x

4
= 3x ln|x 2|3 3 dx
3 x2
= 3(1)2 2(1)3 0
1 + x 2 dx
4
4
2
= 1 unit2 = 3x ln|x 2|3 3
3
1
A2 = 0
[x (4x 5x)] dx2
1
1
x 2 x
= (4x 4x ) dx0
2 x 2
2
1
= 2x 4
x 3 x 2
2 =1+
3 x2 x2
0

13 0
4 4
= 2(1)2 4 = 3x ln|x 2|3 3x + 2 ln |x 2|3

=
2
units2 = 3(4) ln 2 3(3) ln 1 [3(4 + 2 ln 2)
3 3(3 + 2 ln 1)]
2
A1 : A2 = 1 : = 12 ln 2 9(0) 12 6 ln 2 + 9 + 6(0)
3
= 3: 2 [Shown] = 6 ln 2 3[Shown]
20 The graph of y = 3 ln (x 2) is as shown
21 y = x2 1
in the following diagram.
y y = x2 x3 2
Substituting 1 into 2 ,
y = 3 ln (x 2)
x2 = x2 x3
x3 2x2 = 0
x3(x 2) = 0
x
0 2 3 4 x = 0 or 2
From 1 : When x = 0, y = 0
When x = 2, y = 22
= 4
Hence, the points of intersection of the
4 curves are (0, 0) and (2, 4).
Required area = y dx 3 y = x2 x3
To be integrated.
4
= x2(1 x)
= 3 ln |x 2| dx
3
To be kept.
The curve intersects the x-axis at the
Copy back points (0, 0) and (1, 0).

4
1 dy

4
= [3x ln |x 2|]3 3x dx = 2x 3x2
3 x2 dx
d2y
Differentiate 2 = 2 6x
dx

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 dy 2 16
At turning points, = 0. = (8) 0
dx 3 4
2x 3x2 = 0 1
= 1 units2[Shown]
3
x(2 3x) = 0
2 4
x = 0 or 22 y = 1
3 x
d2y y2 = 4(x 1) 2
When x = 0, y = 0 and = 2 6(0)
dx2 Substituting 1 into 2 :
= 2 (> 0)

42
x = 4(x 1)
Thus, (0, 0) is a minimum point.
16
= 4(x 1)
2 22 2

3
When x = , y = x2
3 3 3 4
=x1
4 x2
= 4 = x3 x2
27
and x x 4 = 0
3 2

d2y By inspection, x = 2 satisfies the

dx2
=26
2
3 equation.
= 2 (< 0) (x 2)(x2 + x + 2) = 0
x 2 = 0orx2 + x + 2 = 0
Thus, 23, 274 is a maximum point. x = 2 No real roots
The graphs of y = x2 and y = x2 x3 are because b2 4ac
as shown in the following diagram. = 12 4(1)(2)
y = 7 (< 0)
4
y2 = x 2 x 3 When x = 2, y =
2
=2
 23 , 274 
x Hence, the point of intersection of the
0 curves is (2, 2).
4
The graphs of the curves y = and
x
y2 = 4 (x 1) is as shown in the following
y1 = x 2 diagram.
y
(2, 4)

2 y 2 = 4(x 1)

3
Required area = ( y2 y1) dx A2
0 2 (2, 2)
2
= (x x (x ) dx
2 3 2 A1 y = x4
0
2
x
1
= (2x x ) dx
0
2 3
0
4 2
=
2x x 3

3 4 0 y 2 = 4(x 1)

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 Required area = A1 + A2 d2y
and = 6(1.79) 2
y2 dx2
4 +1 dy +
2 3
4
= dy = 8.74 (> 0)
0 2 y
2 (1.79, 8.21) is a minimum point.
y3
=
12
+ y + [4 ln y]2
0
3
When x = 1.12, y = 1.12(1.12 + 2)
(1.12 3)

8
12
= +20
d2y
= 4.06
+ (4 ln 3 4 ln 2) and 2 = 6(1.12) 2
dx
= 8.72 (< 0)
= 83 + 4 ln 32 units [Shown]
2
(1.12, 4.06) is a maximum point.
y = x(x 3)
2 3 y = x(x + 2)(x 3) = x2 3x
= x3 x2 6x 1
The curve cuts the x-axis at the points
y = x(x 3) (0, 0) and (3, 0). Its minimum point is
= x2 3x 2 (1.5, 2.25).
Substituting 1 into 2 ,
x3 x2 6x = x2 3x 0+3 y = 1.5(1.5 3)
x3 2x2 3x = 0 x= 2
x(x2 2x 3) = 0
x(x + 1)(x 3) = 0 The graphs of y = x(x + 2)(x 3) and
x = 0, 1 or 3 y = x(x 3) are as shown in the following
From 2 : diagram.
When x = 1, y = (1)2 3(1) y
=4
When x = 0, y = 0 8

When x = 3, y = 32 3(3)
6 y = x(x + 2)(x 3)
=0 (1.12, 4.06)

Hence, the points of intersection are 4

(1, 4), (0, 0) and (3, 0). A1 y = x(x 3)

y = x(x + 2)(x 3) The curve cuts the 2

= x3 x2 6x x-axis at the points

dy (2, 0), (0, 0) and x
= 3x2 2x 6 (3, 0). 2 1 0 1 2 3
dx
dy
2 2
2 = 6x 2 (1.5, 2.25)
dx
dy 4 A2
At turning points, =0
dx
3x2 2x 6 = 0 6
2 (2)24(3)(6)
x=
2(3) 8
x = 1.79 or 1.12 (1.79, 8.21)
When x = 1.79, y = 1.79(1.79 + 2)(1.79 3)
= 8.21

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 Required area = Area A1 + Area A2 y = ex
1
0 y = 2 + 3e 2
x

= 1
x3 x2 6x (x2 3x) dx
Substituting 1 into 2 , we have:
3
+ 0
x2 3x (x3 x2 6x) dx ex = 2 + 3ex
3
0 3 ex = 2 + x
e
= 1
(x3 2x2 3x) dx + (x3 + 2x2 + 3x)dx
0 (ex)2 = 2ex + 3
2 0 3 (ex)2 2ex 3 = 0
=
x4 2x3 3x
4

3

2 +
x4 2x3 3x2
4
+
3
+
2 (ex 3)(ex + 1) = 0
1 0
ex = 3orex = 1
(1)4 2(1)3 3(1)2 x = ln 3 (No solution)
= 0 4

3

2 Hence, the x-coordinate of the point of
2 3 intersection of the curves y = ex and
3 2(3) 3(3)

4 3
+ + + 0 y = 2 + 3ex is ln 3.
4 3 2 0
Area of the shaded region
= 1 2 3
+
4 3 2
81
+ + 18 +
4
27
2
2 + 3e e dx
ln 3
=
x x
0
5
= 11 units2[Shown]
= 2x + 3 e e
1 x
ln 3
6 x
1 0
24 y = e x
= 2x e
3 ln 3

When x = 0, y = e0 x
e x
0
=1
e 2(0) e
3 3
= 2 ln 3 ln 3 0
When x +, y + e ln3
e 0

3
When x , y 0 = 2 ln 3 30+ 3+1
3
y = 2 + 3ex
3 = 2.20 units2
=2+ x
e 25 (a) y2 = x(x 4)2
3
When x = 0, y = 2 + 0 = 5
e y = x (x 4)
3
When x +, x 0 and thus y 2 Hence, the axis of symmetry is the
e x-axis.
When x , y +
y (b) Since y2 0, then x(x 4)2 0.
Because (x 4)2 0, x(x 4)2 0

y = 2 + 3ex
if and only if x 0.
5 y = ex Hence, the curve exists only for x 0.
(c) y2 = x(x 4)2

2 = x(x2 8x + 16)
1 = x3 8x2 + 16x
x
0 In 3 dy
2y = 3x2 16x + 16
dx
dy 3x2 16x + 16
=
dx 2y

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 dy 4
At turning points,
dx
= 0. = x4 8x3
4

3
+ 8x2 0

3x 16x + 16
2

2y
=0 8
= 64 (64) + 128
3
3x 16x + 16 = 0
2
1
= 21 units3
(3x 4)(x 4) = 0 3
4
x=
3 26 y2 = 6x ... 1
x = 4 is not accepted because when y = 2x + 6 ... 2
dy 0
x = 4, y = 0 and = (undefined). Substituting 2 into 1 ,
dx 0
(2x + 6)2 = 6x
2

4 4 4
When x = , y2 = 4
3 3 3 4x2 24x + 36 = 6x
4x2 30x + 36 = 0
13
= 9 2x2 15x + 18 = 0
27
y = 3.08 (2x 3)(x 6) = 0
3
Hence, the turning points are x = or 6
2
1
1

1 , 3.08 and 1 , 3.08 .
3 3 3 3
From 2 : When x = , y = 2 + 6
2 2
(d) The curve y = x(x 4) is as shown
2 2
=3
in the following diagram.
When x = 6, y = 2(6) + 6
y
=6

1 13 , 3.08 Hence, the points of intersection of the

curve y2 = 6x and the straight line
3
y = 2x + 6 are , 3 and (6, 6).
2
The graphs of y2 = 6x and y = 2x + 6
x
0 4 are as shown in the following diagram.
y

6
y2 = 2x + 6
 1
1 , 3.08
3  y12 = 6x
V1
3
4
(e) Volume generated = 0
y2 dx
0
3 6
x
3
4
= x(x 4)2 dx 2
V2
0

4


= 0
(x3 8x2
+ 16x) dx
(6, 6)

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 y2 2 6y 2
(x 1)(x2 3x 4) = 0

3 6
V1 =
dy + dy
0 6 3 2
x2 3x 4
y4
= dy + 1 (36 12y + y2) dy
36

0 36 4 3 x 1 x3 4x2 x + 4
x3 x2
3 6
y5 y3
=
180 0 4
+ 1 36y 6y2 +
3 3
3x2 x
3x2 + 3x
4x + 4
=
180
 243 + 1 36(6) 6(6)2
4 4x + 4
0

3
+ 216 36(3) 6(3)2 + 27
3 (x 1)(x + 1)(x 4) = 0
27 1
= + (72 63) x = 1, 1 or 4
20 4 x = 1 is not accepted
18 x = 1 or 4
= units3
5
6 6 From 2 : When x = 1, y = 4 1

V2 = 6x dx (2x + 6)2 dx
0
3
=3
1
6
2 6
0
= [3x ] (4x2 24x + 36) dx
3 When x = 4, y =
4
1
6
4
4x3
3
= 3(36 0) 12x2 + 36x =0
3

4

= 108 (6)3 12(6)2 + 36(6)
3
Hence, the points of intersection of the
curves are (1, 3) and (4, 0) for x > 0.
4 3

(3) 12(3)2 + 36(3)
3 4
The graphs of y = x(4 x) and y = 1
x
= 108 [72 36] for x 0 are as shown in the following
diagram.
= 72 units3
18 y

V1 : V2 = 5 y1 = 4 1
72 x
1 (2, 4)
=
20
= 1:20[Shown] (1, 3)
y2 = x(4 x)
27 y = x(4 x)
= 4x x2 1
4
y = 1 2 x
x 0 4
Substituting 1 into 2 , 1
4
4x x2 = 1
x
4x2 x3 = 4 x 4 4
x3 4x2 x + 4 = 0 Volume generated = 1
y22 dx
1
y12 dx
By inspection, x = 1 satisfies the equation.

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 1 1
2 ln (x
2

4 4
4 = + 1) [ln (2 x)]10

= x (4 x) dx
2 2
1 dx 2
0
1 1 x
= 1 (ln 2 ln 1) (ln 1 ln 2)
x x + 1 dx
4
16 8 4


= x2(16 8x + x2) dx
1 1
2 2
= 1.04
= (16x 8x + x ) dx + 1dx
4
16 8 4
2 3 4
1 x x 1
2
x2 + x + 2 x
5 4 4 29 (a) =1+ 2
= 2x + 8 ln x + x
16x x 3
16 x2 + 2 x +2
4
3 5 x 1 1
1
16(4)

3
4 16 1 5
x2 + 2 x2 + x + 2
= 2(4)4 + 2+
3 5 3 5
x2 + 2
16

4
8 ln 4 + 4 (16 8 ln 1 + 1) x

3 x2 + x + 2 dx =
1 + x
= 30 (15 8 ln 4) x
5 x2 + 2 2
+2
dx
3
= 15 + 8 ln 22 2x
1 + 2 x
1
5 = 2
+2 dx
3
= 15 + 16 ln 2 1
5 =x+ ln |x2 + 2| + c
2
3

= 15 + 16 ln 2 [Shown] x
5 (b) e x+1
dx = xe(x + 1) dx
2x + 1 Ax + B 1 (x + 1)
28 +
C
(x2 + 1)(2 x) x2 + 1 2 x
=
1
e x e(x + 1) 1 dx
x
2x + 1 (Ax + B)(2 x) + C(x2 + 1) = x + 1 + e(x + 1) dx
e
Letting x = 2, 5 = C(5) x 1 (x + 1)
C=1 = x + 1 + e +c
e 1
Letting x = 0, 1 = 2B + C
x 1
= x + 1 x + 1 + c
1 = 2B + 1 e e
B=0 x+1
= x+1 + c
e
Letting x = 1, 3 = (A + B) + 2C
3 = (A + 0) + 2(1) dy 3x 5
30 (a) =
A=1 dx 2 x
3x 5

2x + 1 1

= x + y= dx
(x2 + 1)(2 x) x2 + 1 2 x 2 x
1 1
2x + 1

1 3 2 5 2
2
0 (x + 1)(2 x)
dx y=
2
x x
2
dx

3 1
1
x dx + 1
1 3 x 5 2
x2
= 0 x +1
2 0 2x
dx y=
2 3

2 1
+c
2 2
1 1
2x 1 1
= dx
3 1
dx
2 0 x +12
0 2x y = x 2 5x 2 + c

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 Since the curve passes through the Then the curve y = x (x 5) is as
point (1, 4), then shown below.
3 1 y
4 = (1)2 5(1)2 + c
4 = 1 5 + c
c = 0 x
0 1 2 3 4 5
Hence, the equation of the curve is
3 1
2
y = x2 5x2
1
= x2 (x 5) 4

= x (x 5) 1 23 , 4.30
(b) At the x-axis, y = 0
x (x 5) = 0 (c)Area of the region bounded by the
x = 0 or 5

5
curve and the x-axis = y dx
x = 0 is ignored because it is given 0
that x > 0. Therefore, x = 5.
x
5 3 1

dy = 2
5x2 dx
At a turning point, = 0. 0
dx
5

5 3
3x 5
=0 = 2x 2 5 2x 2
2 x 5 3 0
3x 5 = 0 5 3

x=
5
3
= 25(5) 103(5) 0
2 2

= ( 5 ) ( 5 )
2 10
5 5 5
5 3
When x = , y = 5 5 3
3 3 3
= (25 5) (5 5)
= 4.30 2 10

dy 3x 5 5 3
=
= 10 5 5
dx 2 x 50

1
3
3 5 1
= x x
2 2
= 5
20
2 2
3
d2y 3 12 5 32 20
= x + x = 5 units2
dx2 4 4 3
= 31 + 53
(x 2)2 x 4x + 4
x dx
3 3 2
4x 2 4x 2 31 2 x2
dx =
2
2

5 dy 2
3 5
= 1 + 4x dx
When x = , 2 = + (> 0)
3
4 2
3 dx 1 3
45 45 x
2 2 2

3 3 1
= x 4 ln |x| + 4
x 3

Hence, 1 , 4.30 is a minimum
2 1 2
3
= x 4 ln |x| 4
3
point.
x 2

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 4 y
= 3 4 ln 3
3

2 4 ln 2
4
2 6

5
= + 4 ln 2 4 ln 3
3 5

5 y = 6 ex
= + 4 (ln 2 ln 3)
3

5
= + 4 ln
3
2
3
[Shown]
y = 5ex

32 y = 6 ex
(In 5, 1)
On the x-axis, y = 0.
6 ex = 0 O In 6
x

ex = 6
x = ln 6
Thus, the curve y = 6 ex intersects the y = 6 ex 1


y = 5ex 2
x-axis at (ln 6, 0).
On the y-axis, x = 0. Substituting 1 into 2 ,
y = 6 e0 6 ex = 5ex
y=5 6e (ex)2 = 5
x

Thus, the curve y = 6 ex intersects the Letting ex = p,

y-axis at (0, 5). 6p p2 = 5
p2 6p + 5 = 0
As x , y
(p 1)(p 5) = 0
As x , y 6
p = 1 or 5
y = 5ex When p = 1,
On the y-axis, x = 0. ex = 1
y = 5(e0) x = ln 1
y=5 x=0
Therefore, the curve y = 5ex intersects When x = 0, y = 6 e0 = 5
the y-axis at (0, 5). When p = 5,
As x , y 0. ex = 5
As x , y x = ln 5
When x = ln 5, y = 6 eln 5 = 6 5 = 1.
The curves y = 6 ex and y = 5ex are as
shown in diagram below. Hence, the points of intersection are
(0, 5) and (ln 5, 1).

Area of the shaded region

6 e 5e dx
ln 5
=
x x
0

= 6x e e
5 x x
ln 5

(1) 0

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 1

5

ln 5 0
= 6x ex +
ex 0
= 1
u 3 (1 2u + u2) du
5 5
u
0 1 4 7
= 6 ln 5 eln 5 + ln 5 0 e0 + 0 = 3
+ 2u 3 u 3 du
e e 1
5
= 6 ln 5 5 + (1 + 5)

4 7 10 0
5 u 3 2u 3 u 3
= 6 ln 5 5 + 1 + 1 5 = +
4 7 10
= (6 ln 5 8) units2 3 3 3 1
0

4 7 10
Volume of the solid generated 3 6 3 3
= u 3 + u 3 u
2 2
4 7 10 1

6 ex
ln 5

=
5ex dx

4 7 10
3 6 3
0
= 0 (1) + (1) (1) 3 3 3
4 7 10
= 36 12e + e 25e dx
ln 5
x 2x 2x
0 3 6 3
ln 5 = +
4 7 10
1
= 36x 12ex + e2x
2
25 2x
(2)
e
0
=
27
ln 5 140
1 25
= 36x 12ex + e2x 2x
2 2e 0
34 y = ln 3 x

=  36 ln 5 12e ln 5 1
2
25
+ e2 ln 5 + 2 ln 5
2e
dy 3 1
= =
dx 3 x x
0 12e 0 1 25
+ e0 + 0
2 2e Let P ( x, ln 3 x )
ln 3 x
1
=  36 ln 5 12(5) + (25) +
2
25
2(25)
mOP =
x

12 + +
1 25
2 2 (a)
dy
= mOP
dx
= (36 ln 5 48) 1 ln 3 x
=
= 12(3 ln 5 4) units3 x x
l = ln 3 x
33 Let u = 1 x e = 3x
du = 1 e
dx x=
3
dx = du
e
When x = ,
When x = 0, u = 1.
3
When x = 1, u = 0.
 3 = ln e = 1
e
y = ln 3
1 1 0 1

x2(1 x) dx = 3
(1 u)2 u (du)
3

 3 , 1 [Shown]
0 1 e
1
P
0
= 1
u (1 u)2 du
3

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 1
Volume generated = x 2 dy r 2 h
3
1 2 2
1 y 1 e
= e dy (1)
0
3 3 3

Equation of tangent is 1
1 1
dy = e 2 y dy e 2
m= 0
9 27
 
3 e dx
y 1= x 1 1 1
1
e 3 1 = e 2y e 2
=
x 9 2 0 27
ey e = 3 x e 1 1 1 1 1
ey = 3 x = = e 2 e 0 e 2
e 9 2 2 27
3x 3
y=
e 3
1
( 1
)
= e 2 1 e 2
18 27
=
e 1 2 1 1
= e e 2
18 18 27

(b) Area of the shaded region
1 2 1
1 e
e = e
= 1 13 ln 3 x dx 54 18
2 3 3 1 1
= e 2 units3
e e e
3 54 18
= [ x ln 3 x ]13 + 13 x dx
6 3 3
3x
e
e e 1 1
= ln e + ln1 + [ x ]1
3
35 Let u = x = x 2
6 3 3 3
2
e e e 1 u = x
= +0+
6 3 3 3 du 1 12 1
= x =
e e 1 dx 2 2 x
= +
6 3 3
1 1 1
e 1 When x = , u= =
= 4 4 2
6 3
e2 1 1 1
= units 2 . When x = , u = =
6 9 9 3
(c) y = ln 3 x
1
1
e y = 3x 9
1
(1 x) x
dx
4
1
x = ey 1
1
3 = 13 ( 2 du )
1 u2
1 2
Volume generated = x 2 dy r 2 h 1
3 2
2 2 = 13 du
1 u2
1
1 y 1 e
= e dy (1) 2

0
3 3 3 1
2
1
1 1 = 13 du
= e 2 y dy e 2 (1 + u ) (1 u )
9 27 2
0
1
1 1 1
= e 2y e 2
9 2 0 27
1 1 1 1
= e 2 e 0 e 2
9 2 2 27
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Chapter-09-FWS.indd 18
= e 2 e 2 11/22/2016 4:40:04 PM
 2 ( y + 2) 1
= dy
1 0 ( y + 2) 2 4 ( y + 2) + 8
1 1
= 13 + du
1 + u 1 u 2 y +1
2 = 2 dy
0 y + 4y + 4 4y 8+ 8

2 A B 2 y +1
+ = dy
(1 + u )(1 u ) 1 + u 1 u
0 y2 + 4
p
2 A(1 u ) + B(1 + u ) 2 tan q + 1
= 4 2(1 + tan 2 q ) dq
0 4 tan 2 q + 4

If u = 1, If u = 1,
2 = B( 2) 2 = A( 2)
B =1 A=1 y = 2 tanq
2 1 1 dy
= + = 2 sec 2 q
(1 + u )(1 u ) 1 + u 1 u dq
1
dy = 2(1 + tan 2 q ) dq
= ln 1 + u ln 1 u 3
1 When y = 2 , 2 = 2 tanq
2

1
tanq = 1
1+ u 3
p
= ln q=
1 u 1 4
2
When y = 0 , 0 = 2 tanq
1 1 tan q = 0
1 1
= ln 3 ln 2 q =0
2 1
3 2 p
2 tanq + 1
= 4 dq
2
= ln 2 ln 3 0
sin q
2 p 2 +1
= ln cos q
3 = 4 dq
0 2
1 p
= 2 ln cos q + q 04
36 y= x2 2
dy 1 p p
=1 = 2 ln cos + 0
dx 2 4 4
1 1 p
dy = dx = 2 ln +
2 2 4
When x = 4, y = 4 2 = 2
When x = 2, y = 2 2 = 0 1
1
p
= 2 ln 2 2 +
2 4

4 x 1
2 x 4x + 8
2
dx 1 p
= ln 2 + [Shown]
2 8

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Chapter-09-FWS.indd 19 11/22/2016 4:29:27 PM

 e
37 1
x 2 (ln x ) 2 dx
e e3 1
x3 e x
3
1 = (ln e) 2 (ln 1) 2
= (ln x) 2 2(ln x)1 dx 3 3
3 1 1 3 x 2e 3
1 e3 1
ln e ln 1 +
e 3 3 3 9 9
x3 2 e
= (ln x) 2 x 2 ln x dx
3 1 3 1 e3 2 e3 e3 1
= +
3 3 3 9 9
2 x 3
e e
x3 2 e3 2 3 2 3 2
= (ln x) ln x = e + e
3 1 3 3 1 3 9 27 27
e x3 1 5 3 2
= e
dx 27 27
1 3 x
x3
e
2 x 3
e
x 3
= (ln x ) 2 ln x
e
=
1
27
( )
5e 3 2 [Shown]
3 1 3 3 1 9 1

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