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Friction
Inclined Plane

1. For a block of mass m on an inclined plane of inclination with

the horizontal, N
f

a) If Applied force < frictional force mg sin

Or m g sin < f Or mg sin < s mg cos

m
mg
Or Tan < s Or Tan < Tan < Then the block doesnt mg cos

co
slide. Since the static friction is rest adjusting,

n.
Frictional force = mg sin

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b) If Applied force = frictional force
at
mg sin = f (or), if = , then the body tends to move (or) ready to move. The angle of
uc
inclination in this condition is called the angle of repose. Angle of repose in independent
of the weight of the body
ed

Frictional force = mg sin = s mg cos

i
sh

s = Tan
ak

c) If Applied force > frictional force

Or mg sin > s N Or mg sin > s mg cos or Tan > s Or >

.s

Now, the frictional force = f k = k N

w
w

f k = k mg cos
w

The resultant force on the block is given by

ma = mg ( sin k cos ) Or a = g ( sin k cos )

This is the acceleration of the body sliding down the inclined plane.

2. Sliding down the inclined plane

a) If , the block slides down with an acceleration given by a = g [sin - k cos].

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b) If , and the block slides down from the top of the inclined plane. Velocity at the
bottom of the plane is
V = 2 gl (sin k cos ) .

2L
c) In the above case time of descent is t= .
g(sin k cos )

3. Moving up the inclined plane

a) If a block is projected up a rough inclined plane, the acceleration of the block is

m
a = g [sin + k cos].

co
b) Force opposing the motion of the block is
F = mg sin + k mg cos.

n.
c) The distance traveled by the block up the plane before the velocity becomes zero is

io
u2
S= .
2g(sin + k cos ) at
uc
u
d) The time of ascent is t = . In the above case the block will come down
g(sin + k cos )

sliding only if .
ed

e) In the above case if time of decent is n times the time of ascent, then
i
sh

n 2 1
= tan 2 .
n + 1
ak

f) Force needed to be applied parallel to the plane to move the block up with constant
velocity is
.s

F = mg (sin + k cos).
w

g) Force needed to be applied parallel to the plane to move the block up with an
w

acceleration a is
w

F = mg (sin + k cos) + ma.

h) If block has a tendency to slide, the force to be applied on the block parallel and up the
plane to prevent the block from sliding is F = mg( sin - s cos).
4. Smooth inclined plane
N
a) Normal reaction (N) = mg cos
a) Acceleration of sliding block a = g sin mg sin


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mg cos
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b) If l is the length of the inclined plane and h is the height. The time taken to slide down
starting from rest from the top is

21 2h
t= = .
g sin g sin 2

d) Velocity of the block at the bottom of the inclined plane is

V= 2gl sin = 2gh same as the speed attained if block falls freely from the top of the
inclined plane.
e) Distance traveled up the plane before its velocity becomes zero is

m
u2
S= .

co
2g sin

5. If the time taken by a block to slide downs a rough inclined plane of angle is an n time

n.
1
that on identical smooth inclined plane. Then of the rough plane is = 1 Tan .

io
n2

at
6. Sand is piled up on a horizontal ground in the form of a regular cone of a fixed base of
uc
1 h3
radius R. The maximum volume of the cone without the sand collapsing is Vmax = .
3 3
ed

7. An inclined plane of inclination is upper half smooth and lower half rough. A body
starts sliding from the top from rest and comes to rest at the bottom. If the coefficient of
i
sh

friction of the lower half is , then = 2 tan .

ak
.s
w
w
w

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