Application Guide

Descale | Clean | Treat | Protect

September 2013

Copyright 2013 HERCCHEMTECH, LLC. | A Limited Liability Company | All rights reserved
Protected by US (& Foreign) Patents: 4,797,220 5,322,635 5,451,335 5,332,494 5,680,877 6,076,536 6,345,632

Developers of Well-Klean, Pipe-Klean, Compound 360, HERCCHEMTECH, LLC

Slug, Chlor-rid, Eliminate, Line-out - Anti-scalant, 6720 N. Scottsdale Road, Suite 230 | Scottsdale, AZ | 85253
Descalant, Organic Corrosion Inhibition, Flash Rust Inhibition 480.650.6955 | support@hercchemtech.com | www.HERCCHEMTECH.com
Contents
Chemical Overview ........................................................................................................................... 3
Corrosion Inhibition .......................................................................................................................... 3
Descaling ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Process Water Treatment ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Treatment Rate Compound 360 Intermediate .............................................................................. 4
Retention Time.................................................................................................................................. 4
Testing ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Phosphate as a Corrosion Inhibitor Supplement .................................................................. 5
pH .............................................................................................................................................. 5
M Alkalinity ............................................................................................................................... 5
Phosphate ................................................................................................................................. 6
Conductivity .............................................................................................................................. 6
Total Hardness .......................................................................................................................... 6
Iron ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Microbiology ............................................................................................................................. 6
Solubility Thresholds ......................................................................................................................... 7
Pre-treatment ................................................................................................................................... 7
Compatibility, Stability, Shelf Life ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Disposal ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Safety ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Environmental Attributes ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Residual Solubility Test Method (RSTM)......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Technical Datasheet .......................................................................................................................... 9
Corrosion Analysis ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Contact Us ....................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Chemical Overview ----- soulbilization chemistry po4 fopr corrosion supression
Compound 360 Intermediate , Pipe Klean, Well Klean Concentrate all are scale inhibitors,
acid catalysts and organic corrosion inhibitors to a variety of alloys including mild steel, stainless
steel and copper.

The intermediary, Compound 360, is a patented blend of acid, bases, penetrating and wetting
agents.

The chemical blend targets the liberation of carbonate and the conversion of carbonate salts to
modified glycolate salts. Glycolate salts are tremendously more soluble in water and increase in
solubility at increasing temperatures, completely opposite of carbonate salts.

When formulated with acid, it has demonstrated increased reactivity with oxide based deposits,
including those assessed as amorphous silica. While enhancing the reactivity of the acid, just the
opposite occurs with respect to inhibiting the acids attack on aqueous or vapor corrosion and its
reactivity with organics and metals. A single product that makes acid stronger and more effective
yet significantly safer to the process, the environment, and the user.

Corrosion Inhibition
As a supplemental feature of the chemistry, a chemisorbed barrier is formed on metal surfaces to
minimize generalized corrosion, even at low pH values of 1 or 2. With a detectable level of
phosphate as Po4 in the process water, a chemisorbed barrier is formed on metal surfaces to
minimize generalized and pitting corrosion. Corrosion rates result in levels well below
conventional treatment methods using ASTM G4. Flash rusting of raw metal surfaces do not
normally occur even after rinsing frequently with water. While some makeup waters contain a
sufficient amount of phosphate to provide the protection, the source is typically not reliable.

Descaling
pH, flow rate, flow direction, temperature, scale mass and biological content all play factors on
the successful use of the product. The primary factors to always remember that will affect a
treatment are Minerals (scale), Metals (corrosion and by-products of corrosion), and Microbes.

The product is blended by vol. % to Hydrochloric acid, 20 Be at the rate of 1 part product to 1
part HCl if you plan to run high cycles or in the presence of heat transfer, top prevent reversion
scale from forming. Otherwise, for isolated or descaling without heat transfer, 0.05% to 3.0
percent product (from as little as 1 part product to 11 parts acid), can be used, In all cases to
minimize pitting and flash rust corrosion, detectable Phosphate is maintained in the process
water either from the makeup water source or by chemical addition. The chemical is added and
activity usually monitored by pH. A lower pH increases the rate of scale dissolution.

While a pH of 2 is considered aggressive for scale removal and corrosion, the ionization potential
of the product blended with acid at extremely low pH values is negligible. The product reacts
with carbonate born mineral scale and oxides of metals to penetrate and liberate gaseous
molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide. When sufficiently used, the product simultaneously
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 sequesters the various ions stable at high levels of concentration, to pH values of 9.0 and to heat
flux near the boiling point of water. Over-feed of the product can cause attached scale to come
loose in sections. The more chemistry added, the lower the pH, the greater reaction/penetration
of product into and behind the scale, the greater potential to liberate the scale from attachment.
The concern is blocking flow, plugging filters.

Flow

Active chemical must flow across the scales and metals. If tubes are block, they must be drilled.
For the most effective results, the solution should always be circulating. The flow rate is not that
imperative.

Temperature

Increased temperature will increase the chemicals reactivity and rate of scale dissolution
(opposite of conventional chemistry). Over saturation of scale in the chemical can result in re-
precipitating scale in colder flow areas of the system (because the scale is either partially or non-
reacted with the chemistry. Untreated carbonate based ions have a low saturation threshold
while treated carbonate based ions greatly exceed the LSI and PSI Saturation Indexes).

Treatment Rate Compound 360 Intermediate

Six (6) ppm of neat IWT/C360 product shall be applied for each 100 ppm of makeup water total
hardness as CaCO3. A formula of 25% neat IWT/Compound 360 Intermediate would require 24
ppm of product for each 100 ppm of makeup water total hardness as CaCO3.

Note: Additional Treatment levels shall be added to achieve and maintain the Operational
Thresholds or System Administrator Limitations defined. Overfeed is not normally
detrimental.

Retention Time
To receive complete chemical reactions it is preferred systems are operated at 3 to 5 cycles of
concentration during cleaning and higher if possible after cleaning and during normal treatment.

Testing
Mineral Control Residual Solubility Test Method (RSTM)

The residual capacity of Compound 360 Intermediate treated cooling water to provide
adequate scale inhibition is assessed by analyzing the ability of the treated water to sufficiently
react with scale forming salts and alkali corrosion products. The treated water solubility is
determined quantitatively using the RSTM test method, developed by herc. The treated systems
water is titrated with an alkali solution and the amount of titrant used identifies the ppm of
residual unconsumed treatment. The RSTM test method uses an alkali solution reacts with both
free and buffered acid to identify the waters ability to neutralize the alkali salts. The amount of
solution added implies the amount of Compound 360 Intermediate scale inhibitor residual
present. You might consider the test method as a water analysis that identifies the scaling

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 potential of water, similar to the LSI, PSI and Ryzner indices from a scaling potential, only. It does
not take into consideration corrosion or microbiological conditions.

As long as residual solubility is present in the water (free or buffered acid), the water has the
ability to absorb or react with alkali or most scale forming salts comprised of alkali metals, and
heat transfer surfaces will remain clean.

Although RSTM is used to indicate the residual Compound 360 Intermediate , it measures any
free or buffered acidity that is present from any source including impacts from environmental
conditions including rain, dust storms, pollution, and microbiological activity.

Lower Control Level / Upper Control Level (LCL/UCL) - The higher the upper RSTM control level
the greater the waters capacity to absorb alkali salts. The lowest limit obtained with favorable
results has been 5 ppm as residual solubility however this is in water that is marginally scale
forming even at high cycles. In low hardness concentrated system water, meaning 200 to 500
ppm total hardness, the low RSTM control level should be near 2 to 3 ppm. In high hardness
concentrated system water, meaning 500 ppm total hardness or greater, the low RSTM control
level should be near 5 to 10 ppm. Maintaining higher levels is not detrimental however slightly
greater corrosion rates can be experienced in low hardness saturated waters. During system
cleaning versus treatment, the higher the RSTM residual the greater the rate of cleaning.

Phosphate as a Corrosion Inhibitor Supplement

Compound 360 Intermediate contains both scale and corrosion inhibitors of which the primary
scale inhibitors and cleaners are also corrosion inhibitors. Therefore, if Compound 360
Intermediate is determined present by both RSTM and hardness salt mass balance testing
procedures we can assume that several of the corrosion inhibitors are also present.

However, during initial application, it is common for the corrosion inhibitors to be consumed by
scale and corrosion products as well as being chemically absorbed onto metal surfaces (the
corrosion inhibition mechanism). To determine if Compound 360 Intermediate is "technically"
present we must analyze for available RSTM residuals.

Detectable phosphate is also required for corrosion inhibition, which participates in the
formation of a chemical, self repairing, monomolecular film that minimizes pitting corrosion and
flash rusting during layup conditions. Azoles are not required, yet compatible for those who
persist in their presence.

Compound 360 Intermediate residuals, combined with PO4 residuals, and adequate
microbiological control, are sufficient inhibitors to maintain general, pitting and layup corrosion
protection for general metals used in process water systems, including but not limited to iron,
copper, stainless steel and galvanized metals.

pH

If sufficient chemical residual and microbiological control is maintained, the system water will not
exceed 8.8 to 9.0 pH units. Temperature compensated pH probes are recommended.

M Alkalinity

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 With exception to softened water, M alkalinity should maintain levels below 450 mg/L with
adequate chemical residuals and biological control in place.

SOFTENED WATER alkalinity is presumed to be all bicarbonate and therefore bi-carbonate

alkalinity will cycle as bicarbonate alkalinity, which will be detected by M alkalinity titration
methods. Bi-carbonate alkalinity is not scale forming yet in conventional treatment it is an
indicator of potential scale or corrosion. This is not in the case with Compound 360
Intermediate treatment technology.

Phosphate

Phosphate is another chemical component that provides necessary corrosion inhibition.

Phosphate used in conjunction with Compound 360 Intermediate chemistry prevents hematite
and magnetite formation during treatment and lay-up conditions. A minimum residual of 0.5
mg/l of phosphate as phosphate must be maintained at all times. Higher levels are tolerable
without forming calcium phosphate. Test phosphate by using the stannous chloride method only.
If makeup water contains phosphate, it is more than likely formulating or adding phosphate
would not be necessary. However during pre-treatment, it is recommended phosphate levels be
tested diligently.

Conductivity

Conductivity measurement is used to determine the baseline cycles of makeup water

concentration. Readings should not be taken when high levels of oxidizing biocides are detected.

Total Hardness

Total hardness testing methods encompass a variety of hardness salts including calcium,
magnesium, and even iron. By testing total hardness, we are looking for specific ratios. By ratios
we mean cycles of scale forming constituents subtracted from cycles of non-scale forming
measurements (i.e. chlorides, conductivity). The ratio is the resultant number. The ratio must
result in a number that is not less than -1, where a number more negative than -1 implies we
have lost accountability of hardness in solution. A negative is allowed because the chemistry will
partially solubilize then disperse some total hardness complexes which can be heavier than water
and precipitate as neutral salts in tower basins.

Iron

During cleaning, you would expect to see high iron levels which is caused by the removal of iron
oxide, i.e. rust, tuberculation or iron bacteria, also known as under deposit corrosion products
and bio-masses. At the same time corrosion becomes a concern. Monitoring for corrosion is the
only method that will identify prudent corrosion control. You must understand that when
cleaning is initiated you go through layers of foulents. These layers can be a variety of foulents
including years of various treatment complexes, a variety of makeup water hardness precipitants,
corrosion products and biomasses.

Expect to see foulent ratios in that order meaning high levels of hardness, then metals including
Fe and Cu, then biomass. When these high levels subdue, the system is clean and ready for
maintenance type treatment.

Microbiology
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 Dual Biocides should be applied, one for residual control and the other for intermittent control.
Organisms must be kept below 10,000 colony forming units/ml. Chemistry is compatible with a
multitude of water treatment micro biocides. Sodium bromide has tolerance to high pH, and
glutaraldehyde has been know effective against MIC.

Solubility Thresholds
Process Water Treatment hard water

Component/Constituent LCL UCL Units

Phosphate 0.5 3.0 mg/L
Total Hardness >400 < 4,000 mg/L as CaCO3
Iron 0 UNLIMITED mg/L
RSTM >50 <100 mg/L
pH >6.5 <8.8 units
M alkalinity >180 <500 (Alkalinity Reduction Chemistry)
Silica 0 <900 mg/L as SiO2
Temperature >34 <300 deg. F
Greater then the boiling point of water
Cycles of Concentration Limited by upper control limits (UCLs) and pump capacity for
water weight, 10 cycles of concentration are optimum for water
re-use efficiency. Conductivity versus TDS should be used for the
control of and definition of the cycles of concentration achieved.
Conductivity Should cycle in line with a tracer being used for cycles of
concentration
Yellow Metal Inhibitor Not required. Ideal for use as a for cycles of concentration
LSI, PSI, RSI Indexes Not relevant to this solubilization chemistry

Corrosion Testing - Metal Inhibition

Meets the requirements established by the American Standards

Testing Methods (ASTM) G4 for both generalized and pitting
corrosion inhibition on ferrous metals.

Microbiological Control System Water

BARTS < 10 to the 4th

Pre-treatment
Biological Conditions

The removal of bio-mass is essential. Biocides are much more effective on micro-organisms than
acids or herc supplemented acids. Some ingredients in herc chemistry can act as nutrients to
certain algae and bacteria. A thorough application of microbiological treatment should be
considering prior to applying the treatment. Where a long range treatment/cleaning project is
implemented, a biological control program must be put in place (Minerals, Metals, MICROBES).
We recommend the use of Bromine/bromide/chlorine for regular treatment and products like
Glutaraldehyde or Iodine in severe cases (i.e. sulfate reducing bacteria/MIC).
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 Minerals (Scale Removal, Control)

The RSTM (Residual Solubility Test Method) is a titration to detect available chemistry indicating
the ability of the treated water to remove and or inhibit/react with scale. Cycles of
Concentration may be elevated beyond the LSI and PSI saturation indexes. The limiting factors
are silica at 300 ppm and the weight of the water from ion saturation. Efficient water re-use is
achieved at 10 cycles of concentration and is a good target provided the silica does not exceed
300 ppm. The measurement of a reliable makeup water ion to cycles of concentration is a
reliable practice. Conductivity may be used to control blowdown - ORP, in conjunction with
Dissolved Oxygen may be used for both mineral and microbiological automated water
management (Ref. herc ACS-1 Controller).

Metals

Having available chemistry from the RSTM test, and detecting a residual of Phosphate as Po4,
sometimes enough I being provided form the municipal water provider, the basic corrosion
protection is in place. This does NOT take into consideration MIC (Sulfate Reducing Bacteria
SRB), which would be visually evidence by nodules under scale on the pipe or by water analysis.

For assitance with MIC or SRB (which penetrate stainless steel and typically corrode iron at the
rate of 22 mils per year, contact herc.

Microbes

Maintaining a reasonable bromine level, periodically shocking the system, keeping filters and
sumps clean and free of dirt and debris is typically adequate. Dissolved Oxygen and ORP may also
be used as reliable indicators.

Disposal
Neutralize to acceptable wastewater pH
Consider local and Federal Regulations

Safety
When adequately formulated with strong acids the blend is safe to the touch regardless of the pH
or ionization potential. While the chemical / acid blend is extremely aggressive to carbonate and
oxide based materials, it is relatively safe to most all other substrates.

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Technical Datasheet
Compound 360 Intermediate
Description

Organic Intermediate.

Formulated with acid (HCL), while maintaining a detectable phosphate residual in the solution,
applied at a pH range from 9.5 to less than 1; Intermediate shall dissolve oxide based deposits
including water scales, tuberculation, biomass and silicates. Intermediate shall be organically
inhibited to minimize generalized and pitting corrosion of elemental metals to within industry
acceptable standards.

Intermediate shall be non-toxic, non-hazardous, non-flammable, non-corrosive, both the neat

product and well as when formulated with acid at a ratio of 1 part product and 9 parts 20 be HCl,
with the presence of residual phosphate (whether added or not) in the bulk water.

Passivation layer shall be monomolecular chemisorbed inhibitors that prevent oxidation, and
flash rusting.

Formulate

Ingredient Descaling - % by Weight Scale Inhibition, Online

Cleaning - % by Weight
Intermediate 9 49
HCL 20 be 91 49
PO4 Detectable in System 0.28
SHMP - 1.68
Microbiocide To Suite if necessary .94 (NaBr)
TT - .04
Application Rate 5-15% by volume of water 1 part formula for every
12 parts makeup water
hardness as CaC03
Monitor pH & constituent tracking pH & constituent tracking
Thresholds pH drives rate of cleaning 6,000 ppm Total Hardness
Water must be agitated 900 ppm Silica
Detectable PO4 pH 9.0
Biocides to suit* Detectable PO4
Bio count LT 104

If Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) is evident, incorporate glutaraldehyde or an

equivalent biocide.

LSI, RSI and PSI solubility indices do not apply to this grade of solubilization chemistry.

9|Page June, 2011

Testing Constituents Overview

Corrosion Inhibition ASTM G4

Descaling pH (temperature compensated)
Phosphate as PO4
Primary Constituents (iron, total hardness, biomass)

Scale Inhibition, Online Cleaning Ph

Phosphate as PO4
Primary Constituents (Silica, Total hardness, Calcium,
Magnesium, Cycles of Concentration)
RSTM

Material Safety Data Sheet

http://hercchemtech.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/compound-360-intermediate.pdf.

Notice

All information presented herein is believed to be accurate and reliable, and is solely for the
user's consideration, investigation, and verification. The information is not to be taken as an
express or implied representation or warranty for which HERCCHEMTECH assumes legal
responsibility. Any warranties, including warranties of merchantability or non-infringement of
intellectual property rights of third parties, are herewith expressly excluded.

Since the user's product formulations, specific use applications and conditions of use are beyond
the control of HERCCHEMTECH, HERCCHEMTECH makes no warranty or representation regarding
the results which may be obtained by the user. It shall be the responsibility of the user to
determine the suitability of any of the products mentioned for the user's specific application.

HERCCHEMTECH requests that the user reads, understands and complies with the information
contained herein and the current Material Safety Data Sheet - http://hercchemtech.com/wp-
content/uploads/2013/01/compound-360-intermediate.pdf .

10 | P a g e June, 2011