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E R EDUCA
TH T MODULE A7L
IO
R
FU
M
TIU
O
N
R
AL S O
CON NVQ 2
NAME
The Further Education National Consortium believes that discrimination and prejudice on the
grounds of ethnicity, gender, religion, marital status, sexual orientation and social class is
incompatible with the principle of Equal Opportunities.
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted without the prior written consent of
the Board of Trustees for the Further Education National Consortium except as authorised by
the terms and conditions of membership of the Further Education National Consortium.
CONTENTS
Introduction 2
Objectives 4
Range Statement 5
Reasons for Regular or Special Vehicle Inspections 6
Effects of Incorrect Adjustments Valve Clearances 8
Effects of Incorrect Adjustments Ignition Timing 9
Effects of Incorrect Adjustments Wheel Alignment 10
Effects of Incorrect Adjustments Tyre Pressure 11
Effects of Incorrect Adjustments Generator Drivebelt Tension 12
Identification Codes and Grades of Lubricants 14
General Legal Requirements for Cars 15
Interpretation of Vehicle Data 16
The Purpose of Vehicle Inspection Records 19
The Requirements of Customer Contracts 21
Test Yourself 22
1995 Further Education National Consortium Version 01
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this module is to help you to gain and record the
underpinning knowledge required for Module A7L in servicing and
repairs of light vehicles.
As well as the underpinning knowledge, you will need at least eight items
of evidence which show that you can meet the performance criteria
specified for this module.
As you work your way through this module you will find activities. These
are to help you to assess your own understanding of the work and do not
count towards your formal assessment. The answers to these can be
found in the Review Pack. It is in your own interest to be honest with
yourself when doing these. Have a serious attempt at answering the
questions for yourself before looking in the Review Pack.
pen or pencil
You will need to collect evidence of your ability to meet the performance
criteria listed for this module and include them in your NVQ portfolio.
Suitable items of evidence may include:
practical assessments
In order to prove that you really understand what you are doing, you will
also need to provide evidence that you have the underpinning technical
knowledge required for this work. This is the purpose of this module.
When you have finished this module and successfully completed the
assignment at the end, you will be ready to move on to the practical
competence activities providing you have the necessary training and
practice.
The results of the end test will be a useful addition to your NVQ portfolio.
1995 Further Education National Consortium Version 01
OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this module you should be able to:
It should take you approximately 4 hours to complete this module but this
is only a guide and you should work at your own pace.
RANGE STATEMENT
This sets out the different circumstances for which you should be able to
apply your underpinning knowledge.
OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE
Certain adjustments must be made to ensure that the vehicle will perform
at the best it's design will allow.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
Apart from routine and regular servicing and inspections, you may be
required to do a special inspection from time to time. For example:
The reasons for valve clearances and the effects of incorrect adjustment
are discussed on page 40 of Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle
Technology. Read this now then test your understanding by answering
the questions below.
ACTIVITY 1
3 What will be the result of valve clearances which are too large?
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4 What will be the result of valve clearances which are too small?
ACTIVITY 2
a over advanced?
b retarded?
You can find a basic explanation of wheel alignment of page 125 of Auto
Mate, or, if you prefer, there is more detailed information on pages 323
and 324 of Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology. Use either or
both of these to help you to answer the following questions.
ACTIVITY 3
the vehicle?
ACTIVITY 4
3 As well as rapid and uneven tread wear, what other damage can be
done to the tyres by running them at too low a pressure?
ACTIVITY 5
2 What will happen if the belt 'bottoms' on the pulley due to wear of
it's sides?
SELF ASSESSMENT 1
There are a number of faults in the first column below. The effects listed
in the next column have been mixed up. Can you correctly match these
by writing in the right hand column which fault numbers would cause the
stated effect?
Read these sections now to find the information for the following self
assessment.
SELF ASSESSMENT 2
4 In what ways is the engine oil for a CI engine different from that for
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an SI engine?
SELF ASSESSMENT 3
2 Find out what the maximum allowable exhaust emissions are for
petrol engined cars.
3 Briefly state what the law has to say about smoke emission from
1995 Further Education National Consortium Version 01
There are many ways of finding technical data and information for
vehicles. The most reliable way is to find the information from the
manufacturers' publications. If your place of employment or work
experience has a franchise with any particular manufacturer, you may
have access to such manuals through them. However, the cost of these
is very high, so if your company (or college) deals with various makes of
vehicle, a more economical, and equally reliable source of information,
would be a general data manual such as those published by Autodata or
Haynes.
Servicing schedules are used to make sure that when you service a
vehicle, the work you do is in line with the maker's recommendations. In
addition, they will give you a guideline of how long a service should take.
Like other technical data, the most reliable are those published by the
manufacturer, but general manuals like those published by Autodata are
more economical if a wide range is needed.
Whichever source you use, you should bear in mind the following
guidelines.
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Read and understand the instructions for using the manual. These
are normally printed in the first few pages. Ask for help if you have
difficulty with them.
Make sure you are looking at the right model, year, engine, size
and type as there are often many variations with different
specifications.
Don't mark the manual in any way. You may find this helpful for a
one off reading, but it will be a distraction to anyone using it
afterwards.
SELF ASSESSMENT 4
DOT checklists
You are less likely to have direct involvement with customer follow-up
records which will be kept by the reception department whether on a
card file system, or a computer program. These record details of all jobs
done for each customer, and register the dates and mileages. The
information stored in this system is useful for the following purposes:
ASSIGNMENT
When you have completed the assignment give it to your lecturer for
assessment and comments.
Even if you do not have direct personal contact with your customers, you
still have contractual responsibilities if you carry out the work on
customers' cars. If, for any reason you do not carry out the work
entrusted to you to a standard required by your employer (and the
customer), you could find yourself in the middle of a legal action for
breach of contract.
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In short, if your employer provides you with a set service schedule, you
should follow it properly.
You have now completed the work required for the underpinning
knowledge to Module A7L Vehicle Servicing.
TEST YOURSELF
a ensure that all vehicles over three years old
are kept in a roadworthy condition
b provide the major source of work for garage
service departments
c ensure maximum serviceability through regular
renewal or adjustment of consumable items
d provide the customer with a set date on which they
can get non-urgent jobs done
4 If the specification for a particular car states that the ignition timing
should be set at 8 before TDC, and a mechanic sets it to 12
before TDC, it will be:
a over-advanced and cause fast tickover
b over-advanced and cause lack of power
c retarded, causing overheating
d retarded, causing poor starting
9 An oil given the rating SAE 20W 50 would normally be used in:
a an engine
b a gearbox
c an axle
d a clutch