Communication

What is Communication? It can simply give information

by description or instruction, by
Came from 2 Latin terms
statement of facts or by
COMMUNIS to make common
recorded data
COMMUICARE to share
Emotive
Is a basic skill It can move or sway emotions,
The process of understanding and attitudes, and feelings
sharing meaning To entertain
Process by which we express our Includes the therapeutic
feelings and ideas through our voice, function
words, including our body language or Persuasive
movements To convince
Complex process of sending and It can influence action and
receiving messages decisions
There are actually 8 people present
1. Who you think you are? ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
2. Who your partner thinks you are?
3. Whom your partner thinks you are? Communication Situation or
4. Who your partner thinks you think you Context
are Refers to time & place in which
And the 4 equivalent persons of your communication occurs
partner Setting
Framework
Environment
Quotable Quotes Circumstances
Surroundings
Communication is the process which Speaker
increases commonality He/she is the person who
Sharing of experiences on the basis creates and transmits message
of commonness by voice & body
Communication are exchange of Encoder, sender, source
facts, ideas or opinions by 2 or more Listener
persons Receives, analyze, understands
It is the exchange of information and & interprets message
transmission of message Receiver, decoder
Communication is learning how to talk Message
so others will listen; how to listen so Element transmitted in
others will talk; how to understand so communication
________ can win Idea, opinion, information
Verbal Message
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION Content everything you say
Referential about something, referential or
To inform relational show how we relate to
Describe, instruct, state facts or listeners
by recorded data Structure pattern or
organization that you follow

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Style
Refers to how you express your
ideas
Passive
Assertive
Aggressive
Channel
Pathway which message travels
to reach its destination
Oral, visual or audio-visual
Language used by the speaker
Feedback
Return process in communication in
which interactants give both verbal
and non verbal signals to show
whether the message is
understood or not.
may either be positive or negative
STAGES OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Creation
The communication has an idea
which he/she wants to impart or
communicate
Encoding
Translate idea in his/her mind
into generally accepted symbols
(words, gestures or pictures,
etc.)
Transmission
He/she utters the words, make
the gestures or shows the
pictures
Reception
The communication receiver
bears the words, see the
gestures, or the pictures
Decoding
Receiver re-translates symbols
he/she has received into ideas
in his own mind
Fruition (Feedback)
Outcome of the process, a new
idea is formed in the receivers
mind, situation or identical with
the first encoded
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal
Communication within yourself
Process of transmitting and
receiving symbolic cues both
verbal and non-verbal
Thinking, feeling, remembering
are things you do internally
It includes all levels of
communication
Basis of the 2 other types of
communication
We perceive all communication
problems internally
We think first
Interpersonal
Dyadic & small group
Relatively small number of
people
Interview, debate
Public Communication
Between you and several other
persons
Public speaking
Engage in a monologue, other
than dialogue
3 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION THAT
OCCURS IN DYAD
Dialogue
Feelings
&Emotions
Ideas &
Judgments
Gossip & Facts
Rituals & Cliche

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Conversation
Friendly and informal talk
between 2 people
Distinguishing feature is its
social informality
It is a form of social
entertainment
We engage in conversation for
the pleasure it gives
GOOD CONVERSATION
Worthwhile
Informal
Flexible
Relaxing
Interesting
Dialogue
Most intimate form of dyadic
communication
Type of dyadic communication
in which the deepest, most
personal relationships are
formed
Peak level of communication
Interview
Most purposive form of dyadic
communication
Both parties talk and listen
At least one of the parties have
thought in advance what he/she
would like to accomplish
It is intentional and purposive
DIRECTIVE STRATEGY
What the problem is, what to do, what
is expected
Know what to accomplish and how to
accomplish
NON-DIRECTIVE STRATEGY
Free-flowing, no direction
You dont tell the interviewee what is
the problem, what to do
Time consuming and emotionally
demanding on interviewer
Very valuable in obtaining findings
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
Begin an interview
Introduce new topics
Get threatening and embarrassing
information
Build rapport
Learn about basic beliefs, values and
attitudes
Very broad
Basically structured
e.g. Could you tell me about
yourself?
CLOSED QUESTIONS
Limits range of possible answers
There is a list of possible answers to
choose from
Classify information
Express strengths of opinions or
attitudes
E.g. Which of the following is the
most important for you?
DIRECT QUESTIONS
Ask for further explanations
Further expansion
Specific replies to specific topics
E.g. What treatment have you
received for this condition?
E.g. would you describe the pain you
have been experiencing?
YES-NO QUESTIONS
Allow one of the 2 choices to obtain
factual data
Response is either yes or no
E.g. Have you fully adjusted here in
the College of Nursing?
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E.g. Do you really want to be a nurse?
PROBES
Used to follow up other questions to
get further information on particular
points
Enlarge, clarify, or explain focus
discussion on specific contents
You get specific complete responses
from your interviewee
WH questions: When, What, Where,
Why, Who, How
E,g.
What do you mean by that?
Why did you do that?
RESTATEMENT
Act as an echo or mirror
Show empathy
Repeat exactly what was said by the
interviewee
Actually check on listening accuracy
and perception for both parties
E.g. What youve said is youre
unhappy about your grades?
MM-HM (VERBAL RESPONSE)
Show understanding and or empathy
Indicates approval and/or criticism
May also suggest that you want
SILENCE
Allow interviewee to speak
Allow interviewee to express intimate
or deep feelings
Valuable technique which most nurses
do not use enough
Used for therapeutic reasons
Often
LEADING
Generally avoided
Used for medical necessities
This kind of question implies a correct
response in the question
E.g. That is how you feel, isnt it?
Situation 1
A 4th year Political Science major
from AB was rushed to the Health Service
by her classmates at eight oclock am.
She fainted and she looks pallid. What
possible questions can you ask?
- What were you doing before you
fainted?
- When was the last time you ate?
- Demographic data
- Is this the first time that this
happened to you?
- Do you have any present illness?
Situation 2
In an informal setting you will have
an audience with the Rector of the
University. What possible questions would
you like to ask?
- How are you?
- How is it like being the rector in the
university?
- What are your plans for the
university?
- Do you have a salary?
- Are you against extrajudicial
killings?
- Are you against LGBT?
Situation 3
You have meet & greet with Louie
Vigil. What possible questions will you
ask?
- How are you doing?
- Do you have any plans of joining
PBA?
- Do you pray everyday?
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- How do you maintain your body? I am going to eat Im gonna eat the
the cake cake
FORMALITY LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
Do you want to Do you wanna go?
Frozen Style go?
- Highest rank I have to do I hafta do
- Used in very formal settings homework homework
- Rituals, church rites, speeches Standard Slang: ?
for state ceremonies language: girl
- Make sure of stock expressions
- E.g.
I know pronounce you Consultative Style
man & wife - Transactional Style
I solemnly swearso - Used in semi-formal common
situation
help me God
- A transaction of some sort of
By the power vested in
consultation takes place
me
- 2 features:
The mass has ended
a. Speaker supplies
You have the right to
background information
remain silent b. Addressee participates
oath actively
Formal Style - Both participants are active
- Used in extended one way
when one speaks, the other one
communication
responds
- Sentence structures are
- E.g. doctor-patient or nurse-patient
complex
relationship
- Words are formal, complex
- Consultative style: I believe I can
- Speaker carefully plans ahead
help you
and frames what he/she intends
Particular Style?
to deliver
- Completely private language
- Defining feature: modulated
- Used within family and very close
intonation, cohesion, &
friends
organization - Use of jargon or any vocabulary
- Speeches in formal situations
associated with the group is
- E.g. graduation rites
feature of this particular style
Casual Style
- E.g.
- Used among friends and
Honeybunch
acquaintances is informed
Sweetheart
situations
- It can also be used to address a
stranger if the speaker wants to
treat him/her as an insider REBUS
- 2 different features:
A kind of word puzzle which uses
a. Ellipsis omission of
pictures or words to represent
some words
b. Slang non-standard words/expressions
words or expressions Examples:

FORMAL CASUAL
VA
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(Answer: Space
Invaders)

Answer: Falling in love

1, 2, 3, 4
Answer: Life starts at
38, 39,
40
Answer: Red in the
GIVE face
FAREDC
Answer: Forgive and
GIVE E
forget
GIVE
GIVE
L
O

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