Power Electronics Lab Ver4 PDF

:
HARDWARE: SR1, SR1-Q, SR2, SR3, SR4. SR5, SR6.
SOFTWARE: SIM 1, SIM 2, SIM 3, SIM 4
CHOPPER MICROPROCESSOR
Ver.4
. .
&
B.Sc. (Hons.), M.Sc., Ph.D, ..
Loughborough and Teesside University U.K
2013
1-1
2

3
5
12
HARDWARE
SR1: 22
SR1-Q: .
44
SR2: 58
SR3: (chopper -
)
75
SR4:
SR5: 111
SR6: 133
SOFTWARE
SIM1:
d.c 155
SIM2:
d.c 164
SIM3: (ac
controller) snubber 172
SIM4: (chopper 182
BUCK-BOOST)
3
4

,
,
[1],[2]. :
, (BJTs), triacs, thyrisror, IGBTS, MOSFETSs,
GTOs , :
(UPS), ,
, [3].
, ,
.
-
.

.
,
,
(.) - ,
Intellectron [4],
( )
.
-
..
.

..

( ) .
, .
5

-.

2011, : ,
(hardware ) IGBTs microprocessor
Fourier,
,
Fourier. .
, 2013
.
B.Sc.(Hons), M.Sc., Ph.D
6
1

(Power Electronics)
[1],[2]
. ,
, GTOs [3].
, :
1. (DC-DC Converters):

.
2. (DC-AC Inverters):
,
.
3. (AC-DC Rectifiers):
,
.
4. (Cycloconverters):
,
,
.
:
1-1
:
* .
* .
* .
1.2

. . , , , GTO,
TRIAC . :
= (Anode) C = (Collector)
= (Kathode) = (Base.)
G = (Gate) = (Emitter)
1-2
1.3 Thyristor (Silicon Controlled Rectifier, SCR)
,
(p-n-p-n),
, 1.1.
1.1: Thyristor
(Gate) ,
, .
,
, .
,
, ,
.
,
.
- (V-I)
1.2.
1-3
1.3 2N1846
THOMSON .
1-4
1.2:
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
,
:
1. .
1-9
2. .
3. .
,
( 1.2),

.
,
A ( 1.2) .
. .
G ,
,
, G.
IG
.
1-10
2

2.1
2.2
2.3 3 .
2.4 3
2.5 RL
2-11
2.1 .
'
. = VI,
.
,
RL , 2.1.
=VI =V'(I-I').
= V(I-I') = V'(II).

, ,
, .
2-12
2.2
.
( 2.2)
.
( )
( 2.3):
P=VRMS *IRMS *
. 2.3:
VRMS, IRMS
.
( ) :
Q = VRMS *IRMS *
S = V*I
Q, 2.3:
S = (P2+Q2)1/2
2-13
:
PF = P/S
, ,
, . 2.4:
2.4:
.
. .
R
. .

.
,
V .

.
.
.
,
. .
2-14

:
L, VL L,
, :
SL =VL*IL
:
QL S2L PL2
:
P.F = cos = PL/SL
2.3 3-
RMS
()
,
2.5:.
2.5:
2-15
2.5, 1
:
P1 = U1* 1* cos
:
= 3* P1
,
:
:
cos
.
2.4 3-
2.6,
.
:
= (3)1/2 *
2.6:
2-16
,
:

, . ,
.
.
, .
.
.
2.7 Nanovip
2.7: Nanovip
2-17
2.8 UNI-T MOD
UT233
2-18
2.5 RL
R L
2.8.
2.8: RL /
V RMS RMS
, :.
VR = *R ( ).
VL = *L (
90).
H 2.8.
VR, VL. V
. . :
XL = R*tan
= tan-1(XL/R)
2.9.
2-19
. (
V o.
()
2.10.
*cos V *sin V,
V
V
P = V**cos .
cos .
: / RMS
RMS VOLT*AMPERE
(V) watts.
Watts :
Watts = V**cos
.
.
2.11.
2-20
:
/(VA)
: V**sin (VARS)
:
1000 20000V/50Hz
0.8 :
= 1000*20000/1000 = 2000VA
cos = 0.8, sin = 0.6
: W= 20000* 0.8 = 16000 (watts)
: VAR = 20000* 0.6 = 12000 (Kvar)
12000 (Kvar) ,
()
.
V2 V2 1 Q 12000
Q C 95.6F
X Q 2fC V 2f 20000 2 * 2 * * 50
2
2-21
2.6
(. ), FOURIER.

. ..
.

. .
AC
(. , -
).
.
RMS .

()
.

Fourier.
,
Fourier,

1
f ( t ) a 0 a n cosns t b n sin ns t
2 n 1

f ( t ) c 0 c n cosns t n
n 1

f ( t ) c 0 b n sin ns t n
n 1
2-22
F

f (t ) n e jns t
n 1
Fourier an, bn, Fn, .

2
1
a n f ( t ) cos(ns t ) d(s t )
0
2
1
b n f ( t ) sin(ns t ) d(s t )
0
2
1
Fn
2 0
f ( t )e jns t d(t )
Fourier .
1
c 0 F0 a 0 c n 2 Fn a 2n b 2n
2
b a
n tan 1 n n tan 1 n
an bn
a n Fn F n b n jFn F n
cn n, n
.
a0,c0,F0.
2.6.1
FOURIER.
f(t) s
:
T
1 s
Fav f ( t )dt
Ts 0
f(t)
:
T
1 s 2 1 2
f t )dt cn Frms C02 C2n
Ts 0
Frms Frms c02
2 n 1 n 1
C0 = c0 Cn
.
2-23

.
:
to
n.
H .
:

Pav VI V02 Vn2 I 02 I 2n
n 1 n 1
Qn
n
D
.
H :
S2 Pav2 Q 2 Pav2 Q 2n D 2 S'2 D 2
:

Qn V I
n 1
n n sin n Q Qn Dn S' Pav2 Q 2n
:
PF = Pa/S
,
2.12
2-24
2.12: , ,
.
: u(t ) 2 V1 sin(s t )
:

Pav V1 I1 cos 1 S V1 I V1 I
n 1
2
n
Q n V1 I1 sin 1 D V1
I
n 2
2
n
Q Q 2n D 2 S 2 P
2
(V1 I) 2 (V1 I1 cos 1 ) 2
2.13: 1(t)),
u(t) (t).
2-25
O :
Pav V1I1 cos 1 I1
PF cos 1
S V1I I
1/ cos 1
. (1 is the sinusoidal ( )
)
,
. 1/
,
.
D CF
f(t) :

F02 Fn2
F 2 F12 n 2
THD
F1 F1
Fpeak
CF
F
2.7 SCR
.
SCR
.
- .
( Vsyn)
(. ) .
- Uc..

. ,

.T 2.14 2.15 .
2-26
2.14:
2.15:

2.7.1
(Vsyn)
.
usw
us
.
uc usw
:
2-27
u
1 c
u sw
uc usw .
uc .
uc 180 .

0 180,
180.
-
.
a
1 2Vm
Vdc
V
a
m sin t d(t )

cos a
:
u
1 c
u sw
:
1
a
2Vm 2V u
Vdc
V m sin t d(t )

cos a m cos 1 c

a Vsw
2.16.
2-28
2.16:
2-29
3
SR1:
SCR

SCR .
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4 / -
3.1.4.1
3.1.4.2
3.1.4.2.1
3.1.4.2.2
3.1.4.2.3
3.1.4.2.4
3.1.4.3
3.1.5 / -
3.1.6
3.1.6.1
3.1.6.2
3.1.6.3
3.1.6.4
3.1.7
3.1.8
3.1.8.1 A6t
3.1.8.2
3-1
3.1.8.3
3.1.8.3.1
3.1.8.3.2 TSE-SNUBBER
3.2
3.2.1 -
3.2.2 -
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.2
3.3
3.4
3-2
3.11
3.1.1

[3].

, , ,
. 10
W.
3.1.2
,
( 3.1). .
.
() ().
SP (GATE, G).
3.1.3
3.2 .
.
.
(, G), ' , ,
(). .
1 /2. 80
700 10 30 mm.
To 0.4 mm 1
KV.
3-3
0 ,
()
( ).
: ,
,
.
3.1.4 0
3.1.4.1
3.33:
, , ,
,
3-4
.
( 3.3):
- VAK -,
.
.
- VAK -,
.
.
VAK :
, ,
-. SP SN
.
. .
, : ,
.
3.1.4.2
3.1.4.2.1
IB,
VAK. VBT0,

( ).
,
( ).
VAK
VBT0.
VBT0 100 C
( 3.4). ,
.
3-5
3.1.4.2.2
(, )
IG ( )
m.
VAK. To
, .
3.1.4.2.3
,
. ,
. ,

.
3.1.4.2.4
, -
C.
VAK ,
dv/dt, IB.
,
,
. 0 ,
.
3.1.4.3

,
. .
,
m.
3-6
3.1.5 . .
IG VGK
( 3.5). , ()

.
3.6
IG. ,
()
100 - 200 m.
,
.
, ,
3.5
( 3.4).
. , , ,
-.
, , ,
( 0.5 - 5 W)
3-7
3.1.6
3.1.6.1
3.1.4.2.4
- , .
3.7,
.
. ,
.
, , . 3.8
. ,
, ,
.
3-8
3.1.6.2 ,
3.9
. td (
100 sec) .

. tr
10% , .
,
.
3.1.6.3
3.9,
, .

.
(
, ' ),
, (
) .
20 /sec.
3.1.6.4
3.10
. , .

, .
3-9
.
,
. tv,
,
.
, . tf,
. ,
. ,
. 100-
300 sec, , 15-50 sec, .
:
, ,
.
3.1.7 TO

.
.
3.11.
3-10

.
.

(). .

.
.
.
, .. .
3.1.8 .
3.1.8.1
(.
3.12).
, ( 3.13). ,
, .
, ,
.
.
3-11
.
.
3.1.8.2

.
.
,
.
3-12
3.1.8.3
VBR ( 3.3)
,
, . ,
.
3.1.8.3.1

.
, , ,
2.0 - 2.5
. .
1.5 - 2.5.
3.1.8.3.2 TSE - SNUBBER

,
( 3.10), .
( , , -) ,
, ,

. , .
,
( 3.14).
3-13
,

.
, TSE- SNUBBER ,
.
3-14
SR1
To 1 29.
1.
9 (COMMON).
1.1 10: + 15V, ,

.
1.2 11: -15V, ,

.
1.3 1: . 1, 2
(U3) .
R1 0 VST
(180 ), 10 (0).
1.4 12: VSYN, .
1.5 2 : IT,
( ).
1.6 4, 3: .
B4 (G).
B3 ().
1.7 0 S3 ON ,
OFF: l ms
ON : 180- (=
).
1.8 0 S2 .
3-15
1.9 B28: .

(VSYN).

UST.
2.
2.1 5, 6: 1..24V DC, 0..5A.
.
R3 (I) 15 mA 5.
R2 (V). To LED2 .

R3
. To LED3 (
), LED2 ( U) .
2.2 7, 8: 24V DC,
24V DC. To LED1

.
2.3 24,25,26 : .
R4 = 220, R5 (P3) = 100
: 24, 25
1: 26
2: 27 S4.
3-16
2.4 22, 23, 21: .
: 22, 21.
: 21, 23.
2.5 B15, B17: (VARIAC, :

220V AC, 0. .250V AC, 5).
2.6 15, 29: : 0..350V DC, 10.
2.7 B13, B14: .
R6 = 1OK, C1 = 8 F
2.8 18, 19, 20: .

19:
20: .
18: .
3-17
3-18
3.2
3.2.1 -
3.2.1.1 ( )

3.15 ( ).
To
(2) 200A
3.2.1.1.1 V 0 200V . 20 V.
3.2.1.1.2 VAK
IR .
VAK = f(IR).
3.2.1.1.3 VAK = f(IR).
3-19
3.2.1.2 ( )
To
(2) 200A
3.2.1.2.1 V 0 250V 20 V..
3.2.1.2.2 VAK
IF ( 3.15,
).
VAK = f(IF).
3.2.1.2.3
.
3.2.1.2.4 VAK = f(IF).
3.2.1.3
: 0.-24V/5.
.
- 3
24V/1 ( 3.16).
20 ( )
20 DC, 20V DC
3-20
3.2.1.3.1 3
2.5 V.
U
20V.
3.2.1.3.2
1 4 0.5.
3.2.1.3.3
V IF
3.2.1.3.4 IF =f(VAK),
3.2.1.4
0 - 350V
10, , 3.17.
To (2)
200mA
3-21
3.2.1.4.1 40V,
V, 3
.( V
) .
3.2.1.4.2 V IG.
3.2.1.4.3 V = F(IG)
3.2.2 -
3.2.2.1 . ( )
3.2.2.1.1 3.18 (
).
To
(2) 200mA
3.2.2.1.2 3
IG 0 80 m 1 0.1
3.2.2.1.3 VGK
.
3-22
3.2.2.1.4 IG =f(VGK)
3.2.2.2 ( )
To
(2) 200mA
3.2.2.2.1 VGK
(. 3.18, )
3.2.2.1 ( 3) 0
100 m 0.1. VG, IG.
3.2.2.2.2
-
3.2.2.2.3
.
- 94
, .
3.3
3.3.1 3.19.
3.3.2 VARIAC
, ( ),
.
3-23
3.3.3 -,
,
, .
3.3.4 , VARIAC ,
- , .
. ( ).
3.4
3.4.1 VSYN ( ) IT ( )

60 .
3.4.2
.
.
3.4.3 .

3.4.4
( VST ),
.
3.4.5
180 .
3.4.5.1 .
3.4.5.2
.
3-24
4
- : SR1-Q
.

,
R
4.1 (DC)
4.2 DC
4.3 DC
4.4
4.5 IR
4.6
4.7 .
4-1
4.1 (DC MOTORS)
. AC DC .
DC. DC
:
, servo- , .
:
.
.
/ ( ), plotters .
servo-:
.
DC : / Volt/Ampere
(). DC

4.2 DC.
:
(stator-)
(rotor-).
4.1 4.2 .
4-2
4.1: DC
4.2: DC

( ) .
( )
4.2
()
. .

bp, bn (bp = , bn= ).
4-3
V / ,

F ( Laplace:
)) ().
, Laplace,
F= B I l :
:
L:
: ()
Fleming (
) .
Laplace
:
= F*r = B I l r (Newton-metre: N-m
r
( 4.2).
4.3 DC
:
:
:
m = F*r = B I l r = 2 B I l r ( 2 , 4.2
).
, , 2,, B,l,r
:
m = Kt I ( ) Nm
Kt m
/Amp.
DC .
4-4

: *
:
= F 2 r joule,
n :
: = F 2 r n joule/second = (F*r) 2 n
:
= 2 n rad/second T = (F*r)
n per
second:
Power = * = joule/second = watt (Mechanical power)
= 2 n Watt. (1 watt = 1.341E-03

Mechanical hp)
:
Pa = eb*Ia watt (Electrical Power)
eb
,
:
2 n = eb*Ia
= (eb*Ia) / (2n)
4.1 Horse Power (hp)
4-5
4.1 h.p
4.4
.
. , , , ,
(
) .
sh.
H (hp) sh :
H.P (Metric hp)= Tsh * 2 n /735.5

Tsh = 735.5*H.P/2n
i
Tloss= - Tsh
4.4 emf
Faraday : l r
, :
eb= -d/dt .
4-6
:
=2 B l r cos
:
= = 2 B l r cos
rad/sec
t :.
eb= -d/dt = -2 N B l r(d(cost)/dt) = 2 l r sin(t)

= 90
e= 2 l r =
eb= t ( )
t
volts/rad/second.
4.5 DC :
V DC,

, m = Kt I
( Newton) emf
e= 2 l r
. emf V = e
.
.
.

.

.

4-7
( Lenz).
.
()
, 4.1 4.2, bp
o B
, bn
.
,
( )

4.3 DC :
( )
4.3 DC
4.2
= (Eb*Ia) / (2n)
Tsh = 735.5*H.P/2n
m = Kt I
eb= t
4.2 DC
4-8
4.3 :
Va e = a R
( = )
4.4
4.4: DC
4.5 4.6 DC
4-9
4.5 DC
4.6 DC
4-10
4-11
4.1
(NSOLL)
,( 4.1). E P nsoll
4.1:
4-12
(1)
NSOLL. 1.
2 _
. P.
NSOLL
(2)
IR (3) .
4 ' OFFSET .

(4).
5 .
(SUNT) .
(5). (5)
3 IR.
(4)
(7).
(6)
.

= 30.180 grad (
: 180- grad).
H ()
(1).
.
4-13
-
4-14
4.2 IR (OR IR COMPENSATION)

() :
Va Ia R a VE
VE : C**
:
Va :
:
Ra :
VE :
C :
:
: 2 ( )
(d/dt: = 0)
(: = CNST) :
= C * * a = = * = C
:
:

( Ra , . 4.2 ).
4-15
4.2
Ra.
(Va) Uo :
= (CONST.)
:
Va Ia R a VE
VE =C = Uo =* 0 = 0 = C*

, (1) =
VE U0 I R a 1
1=0 -
1.

1 2 ,
Uo U1, .
U1 = U0 + U U = I Ra
VE = U0 + U - I Ra = U0 = k*0
4-16
4.3.
4.3.1 ( 4.3. )
4.3:
4.3.1.1 ()
. SR1Q ( , F),
. ( C, D)
220 VAC ( , ).
4.3.1.2 ()
. SR1Q ( C, D).
4.3.1.3 (INHIBIT : , G, H)
.
4-17
4.3.2
4.3.2.1 1 , 2
3 IN.
4.3.2.2 (..
500 1W) .
4.3.2.3 ( ).

0.5.5A ( 0.5)
. .
4.3.2.4 90%
(
0.5.5A
..
.
4.3.2.4.1 80%
( 4.3.2.3
.
4.3.2.4.2 70% ...
4-18
4.3.3 R
1 , 2 MAX
( ) 50% MAX.
4.3.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3.2 .P3 1
4.3.2.3. (
0.5.5A ( 0.5)
. .
4.3.3.3 3 2
4.3.2.3. (
0.5.5A
. .
4.3.3.4 3 3
4.3.2.3. (
0.5.5A
. .
...
4.3.4
!!
0
, . (COONj )
.

.
4.3.4.1 .
:
1. 1 SR1Q.
2. 2 J SR1Q.
3. COMMON SR1Q
4.4
4-19
4.4:
4.3.4.2
:
1. 1 E SR1Q.
2. 2 J SR1Q.
3. COMMON K SR1Q.
4.5
4-20
4.5:
4-21
4.4
:
4.4.1
.
ao Vk Ik V I
1
2
3
4
5
6
..
4-22
4.4.2 :
Vk = F(a) =
Pk = F(a) = Vk*Ik
P = F(a) = V*I
N(%) = P/Pk = F(a)
P = F(a)
4.4.4.1
?
4-23
5
SR2:

AC
AC
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.1.1
5.1.1.2
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4 -
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
5.2.1.2
5.2.2
5.2.2.1
5.2.2.2
5.2.3 -
5.2.3.1
5.2.3.2
5.2.3.3
5.2.4
5-1
51.
5.1.1
5.1.1.1

. , ,
, ,
..
, , ,
. ,
.
,
, .
, , ,
. ,
.
5-2
5.1.1.2
5.1.
, (
).
- , ,
T2 . ,
, 2
. ,
,
( 5.3).
,
UBM
( 5.2), .
5-3
(
, 5.2),
.
.
,
,
.
R - C , (SNUBBER),

. ,
dv/dt ,
.
5.1
, TRAC ( ).
5-4
TRIAC ,

.
5.1.2
,
VBM = 0 = 0 (. 5.1).
:

1 2I I max 2I
I A0
a 2 I sin t d ( t )

(1 cos a )

(1 cos a )

(1 cos )
( = - ).
max =0,
I Ao 1 cos a 1 cos

I AoMAX
,
5.4 ( cos = 1)
:
1

2 2 V sint 2 V 1 1 2
2
I ( ) d ( t) a sin 2a 0a
R R 2
, = U / R (
=0), ,
5.4 ( cos =1 ):
5-5
5.4,
,
.
, ,
5.2, ,
. 5.2
FOURIER.
( ),
, .
,
.

- . , =0,
. ,
.
5.1.3 0 OPTIO
5.1,
RL.
:
di
L 2 V sin t
dt
:
Vmax
i sin(t 2 ) sin(a 2
L
, t =
t = 2-.
: t = + t = -.
.
,
5-6
t, ( 5.5).
Vmax
Mo sin(a )
L 2
, , .
:
VM 1
I (sin a ( a ) cos a )
L
::
I Ao
sin a ( a ) cos a
I AoM
Vm 1 2 1 3
I ener cos a ( a ) sin 2a
L 2 4
:
4
I
cos 2 a 1 3 sin a cos a
2 2
5.1.4 -
, :
di
L R i Vmax sin t
dt
5-7
:
R
2 V t
i sin(t ) A1e L Z R 2 (L) 2
Z
L
tan 1 ( )
R
R a
Vmax
A1 sin(a ) e L
Z
, :
R a
2V t
L
i { sin(t ) sin(a ) e
Z
,
,
= L/R. t=
t=+ ,
.
R
( a ) /
sin( ) sin(a )e L
.
: = -
, ,
.
, +
2. 5.6.
5-8
:
1
2 2
Vout 2V 2 sin 2 (t )d(t )
2 a
1
1 sin 2a sin 2 2
Vout V a
2 2
:
1
1 2 2
I R i d(t )
2 a
1/ 2
V 1
2
( ) ( t )
R a
I R sin(t ) sin(a )e L
d ( t )
Z a

:
I out 2I R
:

1
2 a
IA i d(t )
2V

( ) ( t )
R a
IA
2Z a sin( t ) sin( a ) e L
d (t )

5-9
1. METPHEN SR2
To , 1-9 ( ) 10-
14 ( ).
1.
O 6 (COMMON).
1.1 7: +15V, ,
.
1.2 8: -15V, ,
.
1.3 1: UST ( ).
UST: 0.. 10V R1 = 4.7K.
Bl B2
. 2
1,2 (0..10V).
1.4 3: . 2
1 .
0 UST .
(180 ), 10 (0 ).
1.5 9: VSYN, .
1.6 B4: 2.
1.7 5: 1.
1.8 0 S2 .
1.9 LED1
.
5-10
2.
2.1 12,13,14: .
.
: 13, 14.
: 12, B14.
12,13,14 .

2.2 10, 13: 1,2.
2.3 10, 11: .
2.4 B15,B16: (SHUNT)

.
2.5 10,11: ( )
3.0
3.1 10, 11: , ( ),

( )
3.2 12, 13,14:
3.3 12,13: ( )
3.4 15, 16: Shunt .
3.5 10,11,15:
5-11
5-12

1. INH ( )
2. S1 0
3.
4. 0
5.
6. S1 1.
1.
2. (V)
3. LED
7. INH OFF ( ).

1. R 0.
2. INH ON ( ).
3. S1 0.
4. .
5-13
5.2.
R=100.
( = 6)
( 9,VSYN) 1
( 5, 1).
,
, 0 . (
).
?
(time base)
millisecond ?
millisecond ?
30 .
.

2 ( 4, 2).
.
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
5.2.1.1.1
RL = 100 ( Shunt).

.

.
220V.
5-14

.
5.2.1.1.2 (
) =90 .

, :
( , : 6-9 : 5-6).
5.2.1.2
.
, .
5.2.1.2.1 ,
:
, ()
(U(.), ,),
.
( ,
, , cos, .)
ao U.(V) () I (A) P(watt) S= U (VA) Q VAR VA cos

a1
a2
k.o.k
5.2.1.2.2 , . :
1. = F(a),
2. Q = F(a),
3. S = U = F(a),
4. / ax() = F(a),
ax .
5.2.1.2.3 , :
5-15
= / S = F(a),
, ,
.
5.2.1.2.3.1.
;
5.2.1.2.3.2. ;
5.2.1.2.3.3. ( ) 2.5,
RL ,
5.2.1.2.1
.
5.2.2
5.2.2.1
LL = 0.06H.
5.2.1.1 (
= 90 = 135 ).
5.2.2.2

(UL, ).
:
1. VL/VLmax =F(a), )
2. IL /ILmax = F(a),
VLmax, ILmax .
5.2.3 -
5.2.3.1
100 0.06.
5.2.1.1,
= 90 .
5-16
5.2.3.2 - .
.
, -
.
5.2.3.2.1 ( 10 ) ,
:
, ()
(U(.), ,),
(
,
, , cos, ).
ao U.(V) () I (A) P(watt) S= U (VA) Q VAR VA cos

a1
a2
k.o.k
5.2.3.2.2 , . :
5.2.3.2.2.1. = F(a),
5.2.3.2.2.2. Q = F(a),
5.2.3.2.2.3. S = U = F(a),
5.2.3.2.2.4. / ax = F(a),
ax() .
5.2.3.2.3 , :
= / S = F(a).
5.2.3.2.3.1
;
5.2.3.2.3.2 ;
5.2.3.2.3.3 ( ) 2.5,
RL ,
5-17
5.2.3.2.1
.
5.2.3.3

.
= min.
:
= arctan(L/R
5.2.3.3.1
;
5.2.4
R=100.

( 9,VSYN) 1 (
5,1).
,
, 0 . (
).
?
(time base)
millisecond ?
millisecond ?
30 .
.

2 ( 4, 2).
.
5-18
6
SR3:
(CHOPPER - )
DC DC
, .
.
6.0
6.1.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.3.
6.3.1
6.3.2 -
6-1
6.0
6.1
6.1.1
(CHOPPER)
,
( 6.1).
,

' ( ) , .
, .
. ,
,
. ,
CHOPPER
.
6-2
6.1.2
CHOPPER ,
6.2, 6.1.
VE IE Vd Id
-.
S v ( ).
: .
:
n = TE / T
.
TE
1
Vd
T V
0
E dt n VE TE fVE
:
d = Vd/R
:
6-3
1
1
2
TE
Vd VE2 dt VE
0 T
:
TE
1 TE VE2
Pi
T VE * i dt
0
T R
.
n
, :
. ,
6.3.
6.1.3
0 ,

. CHOPPER
() (
). CHOPPER
, .
. (..
) CHOPPER
,
.
6-4
CHOPPER :
-
- .
6.2 0
1.2.1
, , 6.4.
+
+ -
:
1: ,
2: ,
C: ,
LU: ,
6-5
D2: ,
D3: ,
LL: ,
RL:
S: SHUNT ( , ),
RS: C (,
CHOPPER),
D1 , LH: , (,
).
CHOPPER
. , ,
' .

:
1: .
2: (
, ).
3: LL/RL
,
.
4: .
O 6.5 , :
6-6
6.5: CHOPPER (
6.4)
: t1...t2
1 ID.
. IC
T1-LU-D2. , .
( 6.4).
C-LU ,
UC .
D2, IC
6-7
, (
6.4).
1 ID

.
: t3 ..t4
2 .
. C-T1-T2 1
UC , ( 2
). To T2 ID. To
,
.
1 2.
ID, ,
. UC tS
. ,
tu 1,
, .
: t4...t5
. UC
UE . 2 , UE-C-T2-UD
6.4 UD
. ID
D3. , ,
1 .
6-8
1.2.2
,
6.5.
Tu = t2 - t,
2ts = t4 - t3. 0 ID
.
, UD
0 UE:
n
(1).
( )
CHOPPER
. 0 4
( D1 LH). , n
, 0.05 0.95.
6-9
SR3
To :
1 - 8:
9 - 17: .
1.
6 (COMMON).
1.1 B7 : +15V, ,
.
1.2 8 : -15V, ,
.
1.3 1 : UT1, ( / = (1/(1+2)).
UT1: 0.10V R1 = 4.7K.
1, 2
. 2
1,2 (0..10V).
1.4 3 : U1, . 1,
2 :
1: 1, 2,
2: 1, 2 .
0 UST
MINIMUM 1, 10 AXIMUM 1.
6-10
1.5 4 : 1.
1.6 5 2.
1.7 0 S2 .
1.8 R2 (F) (1/(1+2)

F= 10...100
2. .
2.1 16, 17: , U= 200 VDC (MAX 310 VDC).
2.2 10, 15: .
2.3 1, 8: 1.
2.4 9, 10: .
2.5 14, 13: SHUNT

.
2.6 11. 12: .
2.7 11,12: , .
3.0
11,12: , , .
13,14:
6-11
6-12

1.0 INH ( )
2.0 S1 0
3.0
4.0 0
5.0
6.0 S1 1.
1.
2. (V)
3. LED
7.0 INH OFF ( ).

1. R 0.
2. INH ON ( ).
3. S1 0.
4. .
6-13
6.3
O
6.3.1 MIK0
, , RL
=100.
1:
2: 75 ( 6.2).
6.3.1.1 UD
:
n = / .
6.3.1.2
n = 1/3 n = 2/3.
6.3.1.3 i
ID UD
n ( 10 ).
n Id (A) Ud (V)
n1
n1
k.o.k
6.3.1.4 :
6.3.1.4.1. ID = F(n)
6.3.1.4.2. UD = F(n).
6.3.1.5
6.3.1.5.1.
;
6.3.1.5.2. ;
6-14
6.3.2 -
, , RL
= 100 . LL=0.05H .
6.3.2.1.
n: (n=1/3 n=2/3):
6.3.2.1.1. UD
6.3.2.1.2. ID ( SHUNT),
6.3.2.1.3. UT1
6.3.2.1.4. UC.
6.3.2.2
n ID,
( 10 ). :
n Id (A)
n1
n1
..
6.3.2.3 : ID=F(n).
6.3.2.4
6.3.2.4.1.
6.3.2.4.2. .
6.3.2.5 ,
( , ( 9,
10)
n Id (A) Vd (V)
n1
n1
k.o.k
6-15
6.3.2.6 ,
.
?.
6-16
7
SR4:
.
(AC)
( )

.
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.1.1 .
7.1.1.2 .
7.1.2
7.1.2.1
7.1.2.2
7.1.2.3
7.1.2.4
7.1.3
7.1.3.1
7.1.3.2
7.1.4
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.1.1
7.2.1.2 -
7.2.2
7.2.3
7-1
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.1.1
(.
) ,
( 7.1).
O
180 . ,
, . . , .
,
, 180 .

.
7.1.1.2

( -
): , ,
, .
, ( ).

,
7-2
.

.
7.11.2
7.1.2.1
,
:
, .
.
.
.
7-3
7.1.2.2
( =0)
7.2.
7.2: = 0
:

1 2Vmax
Vd Vmax sin(t ) d(t ) 0
0
, , UT = US1 = US2 = US12.
( 0), ID
, ( 7.3),
.
7-4
7.3:
:
:

1 V
Vdia VM sin(t ) d(t ) M (1 cos a )
a
:
Vdia 1
(1 cos a ) cos 2 (a / 2)
Vdi 2
7.1.2.3
,
,
.
.
.
Vdia
cos a
Vdi
7-5
7.4.
. UDIA
90 .
, 90 ,
. ,
.
7.4:
7.1.2.4 ()
( , .. ) , ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
90
( ).
.
7.1.3
.
7.1.3.1 .
()

( )
.
7.5 LC.
7-6

7.6.
7.6:

ID
,
ID .
7-7
,
, .
( ) .
2 *U
i I cost I
LC
u,
( 7.6) :
Id LC Id
uo= cos a cos(a )
2 V I
, UD ,
7.6.
,
.
7.1.3.2
UDIA
,
,
. 7.7
.
7.7:
7.8 (
).
7-8

.
7.8:

.
.

,
.
.
7.9.
7-9
7.10.
7.10:
7-10

' ,
. .
1.2.2 (
):
Vdia 1
(1 cos a ) cos 2 (a / 2)
Vdi 2
:
1
IT ( I d I1 )
2
ID I1 .
: 1
a
a
I1
0 i d d ( t ) I d

1/2,
(1=0).
,
, .
7.11 Ql , ,
.
7.11:
.
7-11
SR4
To . 1 - 9 ( )
10 - 19 ( ).
1.
O , 6 (COMMON).
1.1 7 : +15V, ,
.
1.2 8 : -15V, ,
.
1.3 1 : UST, ( ).
UST: 0. 10V R1=4.7K.
1 2 .
. 2 1,
2 (0..10V).
1.4 B3 : UST, . 2,
1 , .
0 UST
( 180 ), 10
(0 GRAD).
1.5 9 : VSYN, .
1.6 4 : 1.
1.7 B3 : 2.
1.8 0 S2 , .
7-12
1.9 LED1 ,
.
1.10 LED2 , ,
. .
2.
2.1 17,18,19: : ,
.
: 17, 18
: 18, 19
2.2 10,11: 1.
2.3 14, 11: 2.
2.4 13,12: SHUNT

.
2.5 11,12: , .
3.0
3.1 11, 12: , ( ), ,
3.2 17,18,19:
3.3 9,6: . .
3.4 4-5, 6 : .
7-13
7-14

2. INH ( )
3. S1 0
4.
5. 0
6.
7. S1 1.
4.
5. (V)
6. LED
8. INH OFF ( ).

1. R 0.
2. INH ON ( ).
3. S1 0.
4. .
7-15
7.2
7.2.1

R=100.
( = 6)
( VSYN, 9) (
1), 4.
,
, 0 . (
).
?
(time base)
millisecond ?
millisecond ?
30 .
.

2 ( 2).
.
7-16
7.2.1.1
,
R=100.
:
1. UN UD
2. ,
=90 =150 .

, :
( , : 6-9 : 4-6).
7.2.1.1.1 .
7.2.1.1.2
. ( ,
UN UD ).
7.2.1.1.3
UD.
UDia UDi
1
2
..
7.2.1.1.4 .
UDia / UDi = F(a),
UDi =0.
7.2.1.1.5
7.2.1.1.5.1
;
7.2.1.1.5.2 ;
7.2.1.1.6 ,
, ( ), .
7-17
7.2.1.1.7 o
.
7.2.1.2 -
R=100 L=0.06H (
).
7.2.1.2.1
UD ID.
=90 =150 .
7.2.1.2.2
UDia , . (
- .
, ,
, cos, .)
ao U.(V) UDia (V) I (A) P(watt) S=V.* I (VA) Q VAR VA cos

a1
a2
.
7.2.1.2.3. . :
1. = F(a),
2. Q = F(a),
3. UDia / UDi = F(a):
UDi =0.
4. = / S = F(a),
7.2.1.2.3.1
;
.
5.2.3.2.3.2 ;
5.2.3.2.3.3 ( ) 2.5,
RL ,
7.2.1.2.2
.
7-18
7.2.1.2.4. =0 ti = L/R (.
vv , t1=L/R,
t2=2L/R, t3=L/2R),
( SHUNT)
.
7.2.1.2.5 .
7.2.1.2.6 t1, t2, t3
g (
). .
7.2.1.2.7 R (R=50 )

( ).
i ( (5) ), .
a UDia ID
R1 a1
R1+R2 a1
R1+R2+R3 a1
R1+R2+R3+R4 a1
a UDia ID
R1 a2
R1+R2 a2
R1+R2+R3 a2
R1+R2+R3+R4 a2
..
7.2.1.2.8.
( ) :
UDia = F (ID ).
7-19
7.2.2
7.2.2.1 2.2.1
(- )
.
R=100 L=0.06H .
7.2.2.1.1
UD ID.
=90 =150 .
7.2.2.1.2.
UDia
.( ,
, , cos, )
ao U.(V) UDia (V) I (A) P(watt) S=V.* I (VA) Q VAR VA cos

a1
a2
k.o.k
7.2.2.1.3 , . :
1. = F(a),
2. Q = F(a),
3. UDia / UDi = F(a),
UDi =0.
4. = / S = F(a),
7.2.2.1.3.1
;
7.2.2.1.3.2 ;
7.2.2.1.3.3 ( ) 2.5,
RL ,
7.2.2.1.2
.
7.2.2.1.4 =0 ti = L/R (.
vcv , t1=L/R,
t2=2L/R, t3=L/2R),
7-20
( SHUNT)
.
.
7.2.2.1.5 t1,t2,t3
g (
). .
7.2.2.1.6 R (R=50)

( ).
i ( (5) )
a UDia ID
R1 a1
R1+R2 a1
R1+R2+R3 a1
R1+R2+R3+R4 a1
a UDia ID
R1 a2
R1+R2 a2
R1+R2+R3 a2
R1+R2+R3+R4 a2
..
7.2.2.1.7
( ) :
UDia = F ( ID ).
(
). ;
7-21
7.2.3
R=100.
( VSYN)
( 1). 30
.
7.2.3.1 .

2 ( 2).
7.2.3.2 .
7-22
8
SR5:

( )

.
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.1.1
8.1.1.2
8.1.1.3
8.1.1.4
8.1.1.5
8.1.2
8.1.2.1
8.1.2.2
8.1.3
8.1.3.1
8.1.3.2
8.1.3.3
8.1.4

8.1.4.1
8.1.4.2
8.1.4.3 .
8.2.0
8.2.1
8-1
8.2.1.1
8.2.1.2
8.2.1.3 -
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8-2
8.1.0
8.1.1
8.1.1.1
8.1 .
,
. 4,5,6 ,
.
DF
, ,
.
8.1.1.2
,
' , .
,

.
,
(),
.
.
8-3
8.1.1.3
.
,
o. 0
150 .
8.2:
60 .
, ,
.
8.2 .
8.1.1.4

.

.
AMPERE, .
8-4
8.1.1.5
.
1. :
, .
2. , .

.
3. , . . .

MW.
8-5
8.1.2
00
8.1.2.1
UDIA = F(a),

. 8.3
=15 .
8.3:

, . =0,

.
( ) .
8-6
8.3 ,
, , ,
, .
8.3 , UDI = 0

(' ) : 3
U di (u
0
s1 u s 2 ) d (t )
Udi
=0.
Us1, Us2, Us3 :
Us1 = Um sin(t)
Us2 = Um sin(t - 2/3)
Us3 = Um sin(t + 2/3)
:
u s1 2 U 2 cos x
2
u s 2 2 U 2 cos( x )
3
4
u s 3 2 U 2 cos( x )
3
= 0
():
3 3 U max 3 3 U max 3 3 2 U2
U di U dc cos a

, ,
120 .
, :

a
5
U dia (u
a
s1 u s 3 ) d(t ) 0 1200
3 3 U max 3 6
U dia cos a U 2 cos a U di cos a

a = 90 , .
8.1.2.2

, ,
.
8-7

UDIA, ( 8.4).
4:8.4:
.

:
2b: ,
P2smax: ,
Udia: ,
Udi: = 0
:
P2smax = Udi * Id
180 ,

.
,
180 o
.
30 opv.
8-8
8.1.3

8.1.3.1 -
8.5:
.
, UD
, 120 ,
.
8-9
, ,
( 8.5).
8.1.3.2
-
:
0 60 , ,
:
Udia = Udi cosa

60 120 ,
. :
2
3

U dia (u
a
s1 u s 2 ) d(t ) U di 1 cos a
3
60 0 a 120 0
120 180- (: )

:
U dia 0 120 0 a 180 0
8.1.3.3
- ( 8.6)
:
8.6:
( ).
,
8.4 8.6.
8-10
8.1.4

8.1.4.1
8.1.1.1,
, .
:
,
, 3 6 .
.
8.7
= 15 (1,2,3: , T4,T5,T6: ).
8.7:
= 15
8-11
,
:
, .
.
,
, .

.

.
.
8.8 = 90 .
8.8: = 90
8-12
8.1.4.2
:
3 6
U dia U 2 1 cos a )

8.1.4.3
8.9 , .
8.9:
( ).
,
.
8-13
METPHEN SR5
To 1- 15 ( ) 16
- 30 ( ).
1.
1 (COMMON).
1.1 B11: +15V, ,

.
1.2 12: -15V, ,

.
1.3 1 : UST, ( ).
UST: 0.10V R1=4.7K.
1 2
. 2 1,
2 . (0..10V).
1.4 3 : UST, .
2 1 .
0 UST,
(180 ), 10 (0).
1.5 13,14,15: VRT, VSR, VTS, .
: 180
.
(INVERT CHANNEL).
8-14
1.6 4 : 4.
1.7 5 : 5.
1.8 6 : 6.
1.9 7 : 1.
1.10 8 : 2
1.11 B9 : 3
1.12 0 S2 .
1.13 LED1
.
1.14 :
LED2
.
LED3 .
2.
2.1 25, 26, 27, 28, 29: (ARON).
2.2 B24, B21: 1.
2.3 23, 21: 2.
2.4 22, 21: 3.
2.5 18, 24: 4.
2.6 18, 23: 5.
8-15
2.7 18, 22: 6.
2.8 B18, B19 30, 20 21:

.
2.9 21, 20: SHUNT

.
2.10 16, 17: .
3.1 16, 17: , ( ),

( ) .
3.2 25, 26,29: .
3.2.1 26, 27,28, 29:
3.3 13,14,15-10: ( ).
3.4 4,5,6,7,8,9-10:
.
8-16
8-17

1. INH ( )
2. S1 0
3.
4. 0
5.
6. S1 1.
7.
8. (V)
9. LED
7. INH OFF ( ).

1. R 0.
2. INH ON ( ).
3. S1 0.
4. .
8-18
8.2
8.2.1
.
R=100.
( = 10) .
( VSYN = VRT)
( 1) (. 4).

VRT (13) 1 - 4
VSR (14) 2 - 5
VTS (15) 3 - 6.
,
, 0 . (
).
?
(time base)
millisecond ?
millisecond ?
30 .
.
8-19
8.2.1.1
,
o ( ) vo

( ).
8.2.1.1.1 ,
.
8.2.1.2
RL=100.

UD, ID ( ),
.
8.2.1.2.1. ,
.
8.2.1.2.2
60 .

, :
( , : 13-15,10 : 4-9,
10).
8.2.1.2.3
UDIA,
,, V,
, ( )
Q.
UDIA V P S =V* Q VA UDIA/UDI cos

1
2
..
8-20
8.2.1.2.4 :
8.2.1.2.4.1. UDIA / UDI = F(a) ( ),
8.2.1.2.4.2. = F(a),
8.2.1.2.4.3. Q = F(a),
UDI =0o.
8.2.1,2.4.4 = / S = F(a),
8.2.1.2.4.1
;
.
8.2.1.2.4.2 ;
8.2.1.2.4.3 ( ) 2.5,
RL ,
8.2.1.2.3
.
8.2.1.3 -
100 0.06 .
8.2.1.3.1
.
8.2.1.3.2. =90
.
8.2.1.3.3.
.
8.2.1.3.4. ,
UDIA,
,
( ) Q.
UDIA P S=V* Q VA UDIA/UDI cos

1
2
..
8-21
8.2.1.3.5 :
8.2.1.3.5.1. UDIA / UDI = F(a) ( ),
8.2.1.3.5.2. = F(a),
8.2.1.3.5.3. Q = F(a),
8.2.1.3.5.4 = / S = F(a),
UDI =0.
8.2.1.3.5.1
;
.
8.2.1.3. 5.2 ;
8.2.1.3. 5.3 ( ) 2.5,
RL ,
8.2.1.3.4
.
8-22
8.2.2

8.2.1.3,
.
100 0.06 .
8.2.2.1
.
8.2.2.2. =90o
.
8.2.2.3.
.
8.2.2.4. ,
UDIA,
, ( )
( ) Q.
UDIA P S=V* Q VA UDIA/UDI cos

1
2
..
8.2.2.5 :
8.2.2.5.1. UDIA / UDI = F(a) ( ),
8.2.2.5.2. = F(a),
8.2.2.5.3. Q = F(a),
8.2.2.5.4 = / S = F(a),
UDI =0o.
8.2.2.6
.
8.2.2.6 .1 ;
8.2.2.6.2 ( ) 2.5,
RL ,
8-23
8.2.2.4
.
8.2.3
,
.
0 ,
.
2.1.3
.
8.2.4
400
1. URT USR.
2. URT=-URT USR=-USR .
3. UTS.
4. UTS=-UTS .
5. URT (
INVERT CHANNEL)
1 ( 1).
5.1 30 .
4 ( 4).
5.2 .
6. USR
2 5 ( 2 5).
7. .
8. UTS
3 T6.
:
.
, .
8-24
9
SR6:

9.1
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.2.1 : .
9.1.2.2 :
.
9.1.3
9.1.3.1
9.1.3.2
9.1.4
9.1.4.1
9.1.4.2
9.1.4.3
9.1.4.4
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9-1
9.1
9.1.1

.
( - ),
, ,
.
, .
,
.
,
, .
.
9.1.2
9.1.2.1 : .
,
( 9.1).
(.. S1, S4) - (.. S2, S3)

, 9.1

9-2
9.1.2.2: : .
S1,.. S4 9.1
, :
(, ) ,
.
( ),
.
.
, 9.1
, ()
(D). ,
(.
), .
,
9.2,
- .
( 180
), 9.1.
-,
9.3.
9-3
9.3:

o 9.3.
t1:
S1 S4 , o S2 S3 .
UE ,
UL=+UE.
9-4
To L
t1:
.
, S1 S4 ,
T1 4,
. , v Dl D4.
t1 t2, (IE=ID1).

.
. ,
v
.
t2:
. O D1 D4 ,
v 1 4. v
(=1).
t3:
O S2 S3 , o S1 S4.
UL=-UE. E
, IL 1,
4 D2 D3: v .
T1 4 UT1=UT4=+UE
.
t4:
o D2, D3 .
2 3.
, S1
S4, .
9-5
9.1.3
9.1.3.1
, , ,
, .
.
9.2,
- ( ),
,
. ,
.
t3 ( 9.3)
1 4 S1 S4.
S2 S3. 1 4
UT1=UT4=+UE () .

:
) '
.
)
.
) ,
tF ( SR1), v
,
. 10 100 sec.
1 4
t3, ,
. ,
2 3, 1 T4
1,3,2,4.
,
:
9-6
,
, tF
.

9.4.
O L1, L2 CL
, .
9.1.3.2
1 , 4, CL
(UL=+UE). 2 3,
1 4, ,
.
1, 2 3, 4
1 4, .
1 4 UL.
9-7
0 , L1,2,3,L2
UE, . O UL, UT1
UT4 9.5. t
tF .
9.5: 1,4,
.

, o D2 D3.

-UE :
UL1 = UL2 = (UE + UL) / 2
(). (UL=-UE)
L1, L2 . O UL1 UL2
, ,
D2,T2 D3,T3. , (
) L1,T2,D2 , L2,T3,D3,
(.
).
. .
CL , , o D2 D3,
UL=-UE.
.
9-8
, :
CL :
1. , a
( ).
2. ,
,
.
L1,L2 :
1. .
,
.

, TF
( ) ( SR1).
2
, , ,
.

3.
,
, .
.
9-9
9.1.4
9.1.4.1

, . ,

.
-
, ( 9.6).
9-10
,
.
9.1.4.2
, .
1 , T4 , ,
RL, LL, CL ( 9.7).
, , , ,
.
9.7:

, )
,
() .

, .

,
, . .
9.1.4.3
,
9.8. :

( ) .
9-11
9.8:

9-12
t1-t2:
D2 D3 IL. UL :
-UE.
t2-t3:.
t2, 1, 4
D2 D3. (t2)
t0 . 8, ,
, ,
.
,
(t2) .
+UE.
D2 D3 .
t3-t4:
t3 IL, .
1 4 D1, D4 .
D1 D4, 1 4
() .
t3-t4
( ), .
t3-t4 (.
). ,
, . .
t4-t5:
t4, 2 3.
. UL
= -UE. ( ),
,
.
9-13
t5-t6:
t5, D2 D3 .
t6 .
9.1.4.4
9.9
.
9.9:

( )
1,4 2,3.
, :
1.
2. .
RL, LL CL.
( ),
, .
,
9.10
9-14
9.10: ,

fE, f
fE/2 (=90 ) fE (=0).
: ,
UE, (
). O .
, ,
. ,
=0o, , =90o ,
. .
9-15
SR6
To 1-12 ( )
13-24 ( ).
1.0
9 (COMMON).
1.1 10: +15V, ,

.
1.2 B11: -15V, ,

.
1.3 1 : UST2, ( VCO).
UST2: 0. 10V R1=4.7K.
3 : UST1: ( ).
UST1: 010V R2=4.7K.
1,2 (3,4)
. 2 (3)
1,2 (3,4)
(0..10V).
1.4 B5 : UST2, B6: UST1, .

4, 3 VCO.
2, 1 ( ).
1.5 7 : 1,4.
1.6 8 : 2,3.
1.7 0 S3 .
9-16
1.8 S2
.
1.9 LED1
.
1.10 LED2
. To LED3 .
1.11 12: IL, .
2. .
2.1 18,17 15,16: (CL)

.
2.2 B13,B14: L1.
2.3 B19,B20: L2.
2.4 B21,B22: SHUNT

.
2.5 23,24: .
9-17
9-18

1. INH ( )
2 . S1 0
3.
4. 0
5.
6. S1 1.
10.
11. (V)
12. LED
7. INH OFF ( ).

1. R 0.
2. INH ON ( ).
3. S1 0.
4. .
9-19
9.2
9.2.1

, ,
.
, LED
.
9.2.2
,
, . ,
.
9.2.2.1 -
.
.
9.2.2.2
:
9.2.2.2.1. UL, IL,
9.2.2.2.2. UT1, UD1,
9.2.2.2.3. UL1, UT1,
9.2.2.2.4. UL, UT1,
9.2.2.2.5. IL, .
9.2.2.3 UT1,
t ( 9.5). 0 ,
tF .
9.2.2.4 UL UT1 .
. UL t;
9.2.2.5
.
9-20
9.2.2.6 , (R=100, R=150,
R=200
t. . T ;
9-21
9.2.3 .
9.2.3.1
R,L,C
R=12.5, L=0.06H, C=60F.
, .
9.2.3.2 :
): , (UL, IL),
): ,

9.2.3.3 R,L,C
.
.
T ;

. ;
9.2.3.4 R,L,C (9.2.3.1) ,
, .

( 0 10).
9.2.3.5 ,
UL,IL, F .
9.2.3.5.1. .
9.2.3.5.2. F=F().
9.2.3.6 :
1. ,
2. ,
3. =90 ,
:
9.2.3.6.1. UL, IL,
9.2.3.6.2. UT1, UD1,
9.2.3.6.3. IL, UT2,
9.2.3.6.4. IL, UT4.
9-22
10
SIM1:
D.C
10.1 .
10.2 .
10.3 - .
10-1
10.1
:

V,
.
.
:
1.
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. -
.
6. .
:
/. Web-site tutorials
() .
10-2
10.2.
2.1 10.1.
V1: , -
library: source.slb ).
DrawGet New PartLibraries Library
source.slb. VsinOKPlace
E1, E2, E3, E4 , -

library: analog.slb ).
analog.slb. EOKPlace
10-3
L1 L2: : Analog.slb
Analog.slb. LOKPlace .
R1 : : Analog.slb.
Analog.slb. ROKPlace.
Vdc ,Vx ,Vy: , -

(library): source.slb ).
source.slb. VDCOKPlace.
10-4
:

X1,X2,X3,X4 : , thyristr.slb:
thyristor.slb. 23669OKPlace.
D1: , diode.slb:
diode.slb. D1N5827OKPlace.
Vg2,Vg3,Vg4,Vg5 : ,
source.slb.
source.slb. VPULSE OKPlace.
V2,V5, V3,V4
V2,V5 D. ( 10.1.
10-5
TD1 = Time Delay = TD1 = (a/360) * (1000/50Hz)ms
TD2 = Time Delay = TD2 = ((180+a)/360) * (1000/50Hz)ms
0 : , port.slb:.
port.slb. EGNDOKPlace.
MARKERS: Markers 10.1

( Marker , ,
):
10-6
Voltage Differential Markers.
voltage Marker.,
Markers
-

( 10.1).
Wire -.
Draw wire.
x ,
(simulation) :.
1. . transient
transient .
Analysis Setup. Transient Final Time:
Transient
(. 50 Hz,
0.04s Final Time ),
.
1: ,

10.1.
2: 10.1,
.
10-7
10.1:
V A HZ OHM H F
Volt Ampere Hertz Ohm Henry Farad
2. Analysis. Electrical Rule Check

.
Analysis Electrical Rule Check
Analysis Create Netlist

.
: Analysis Simulate (
Trace Add Trace) (
10.2):
10-8
400
Output Voltage
200
Input Current
-200
Input Voltage
-400
0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms
V(line_out) V(Vy:+,vin2) I(Vy)
Time
10.2: .

2.0A
1.6A
1.2A
Output Current
0.8A
0.4A
0A
-0.4A
I(Vx)
Time
10.2:
10-9
FOURIER-
Analysis. SetupTransient
Enable Fourier
50 Central frequency 50 ,
Number of harmonics 9 ( ), output Vars
() FOURIER. .
(Vy)
: Analysis Simulate
10.2:
View Output File.
:
FOURIER COMPONENTS OF TRANSIENT RESPONSE I(V_Vy)
THD = 1.843786E+02%
: = 2.306E+01 =23.06
DF :
DF = cos = cos(23.06) = 0.92 ().
PF.
1
PF cos i 0.54
1 THD2

( ).
10-10
10.3
10.3.1 90:
10.3.1.1
10.1 , D1,
L1 Vdc.
10.3.1.2 /
/
( 10.1).
10.3.1.3 R a L1= 50mH
.
10.3.1.4 /
/
(10.3.1.1). ?
10.3.1.5 ;
10.3.1.6 R, L, Vdc
= 50v .
10.3.1.7
100V
10.3.1.8 ??
10.3.1.9 50V
. .
10.3.1.10 /
/
10.3.1.6. ?
?
10.3.1.11 LC L = 150uH C=220 uF
( 1) .
10.3.1.12 /
/
?
10.3.1.13 FOURIER
P.F
10-11
10.3.1.14 ,

10-12
11
.SIM2:
D.C
11.1 .
11.2 .
11.3 - .
11-1
11.1
:

V,
.
:
1.
2.
.
3. .
4. .
:
() .
11-2
11.2
11.2.1 11.1 (a= 60o)
V1,(V2,V3): ,
-library: source.slb ).
L1 : : Analog.slb
11-3
R1: : Analog.slb.
VDC : , (library):
source.slb ).
11-4
D.C (Vdc=0)
(). (
)
X1,(X2,X3,X4,X5,X6): ,
thyristr.slb:.
thyristr.slb. 23669OKPlace.
D1: , diode.slb:
diode.slb. D1N5827OKPlace.
VG1,(VG2,VG3,VG4,VG5,VG6): ,
source.slb.
VG1VG6, ,
D. ( 11.1. D : =90,
.
11-5
a 1000
Time Delay TD1 (TH1) * ms
360 50Hz
a 120 1000
360 50Hz
a 240 1000
360 50Hz
a 60 1000
360 50Hz
a 180 1000
360 50Hz
a 300 1000
360 50Hz
0 : , port.slb:.
port.slb. AGNDOKPlace.
E1, E2, E3, E4 , -

library: analog.slb ).
analog.slb. EOKPlace
11-6
MARKERS: Markers 11.1
( Marker , ,
):
Voltage Differential Markers.
Voltage Marker.,
Level Mark current into Pin.,
Markers
-

( 1).
Wire -.
Draw wire.
.
1. . transient
transient .

Transient
(. 50 Hz,
0.04s Final Time ),
.
1: ,

11.1.
2: 11.1,
.
11-7
11.1:
V A HZ OHM H F
3. Analysis. Electrical Rule Check

.

.
: Analysis Simulate
11.2:
11-8
4.0A
0A
SEL>>
-4.0A
I(Vx) I(Vy1) I(Vy2)
100V
0V
-100V
0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms 45ms 50ms 55ms 60ms
V(Vcn:+,Vcn:-) V(L3:2,Vbn:-) V(L4:2,Van:-) V(line_out)
Time
11.2:
,

FOURIER-
Enable Fourier
() FOURIER. .
(Vy1)
: Analysis Simulate
11.2:
View Output File.
:
FOURIER COMPONENTS OF TRANSIENT RESPONSE I(V_Vy1)
THD = 3.34609E+01%
: = -2.601E+01= -26.01o
DF :
11-9
DF = cos = cos(-26.01o) = 0.898().
PF.
1
PF cos i 0.77
1 THD2

( ).
11-10
11.3
11.3.1 :
=90 11.1.
11.3.1.1
( =60 = 90)
( =60 = 90)?
11.3.1.2 ,
90, ( ).
11.3.1.4
?
11.3.1.5 .
11.3.1.6 FOURIER
P.F. ??
11.3.1.7 ,

11-11
12
SIM3:
(AC CONTROLLER)
SNUBBER
12.1 .
12.2 .
12.3 - .
12-1
12.1 .
, .

/ .
()
.
/.
.

.
:
R,L

snubber

:
() .
12-2
12.2
12.2.1 . 12.1.
V1: , -
L1: : Analog.slb
12-3
R1 ,R2: : Analog.slb.
C1, C2 : Analog.slb.

Analog.slb. COKPlace.
Vxout , Vxin : , -
12-4
D.C (Vdc=0)
. ( )

X1,X2 : , thyristr.slb:.
thyristr.slb. 23669OKPlace.
VG1,VG2: , source.slb.
12.1. D
:
1, :
TD1 = (/360) * (1/50) seconds
2:
TD2 = ((180+)/360) * (1/50) seconds
12-5
0 : , port.slb:.
MARKERS: Markers
voltage Marker.,
12.1 ( Marker ,
, ):
Markers
-

( 12.1).
Wire -.
Draw wire.
x ,
(simulation) :.
1. . transient
transient .
Transient
(. 50 Hz,
12-6
0.04s Final Time ),
.
1: ,

12.1.
2: 12.1,
.
12.1:
V A HZ OHM H F
Analysis. Electrical Rule Check

.

.
12-7
: Analysis Simulate
12.2:
200
100
Input Voltage
Output Voltage
Output Current
-100
-200
V(line_out) V(Vxin:+) I(Vxout)
Time
12.2:
.
FOURIER-
Enable Fourier
() FOURIER. .
(Vxout)
: Analysis Simulate
12.2:
View Output File.
:
FOURIER COMPONENTS OF TRANSIENT RESPONSE I(V_Vxout)
THD = 7.7%
: = -47.84
12-8
DF :
DF = cos = cos(-47.84) = 0.67 ().
PF.
1
PF cos i 0.645
1 THD2
(
).
12-9
12.3
12.3.1 12.1 C1 ,C2, L1,
. R2. 60
:
12.3.1.1
12.3.1.2
12.3.1.3 .
12.3.2 a L1 = 6.5 mH
. 60
:
12.3.2.1
12.3.2.2
12.3.2.3 .
12.3.1
12.3.2 .
12.3.3 snubber :
C1 = 0.1uF R2 = 750 ohm, :
12.3.3.1
12.3.3.2
12.3.3.3 .
12.3.2
12.3.3
snubber.
12.3.4 ( ) C2 = 779.8F,
:
12.3.4.1
12.3.4.2
12.3.4.3 .
12.3.4
12.3.3 12.3.2
.
12-10
12.3.5 Fourier :
12.3.5.1 THD ,
12.3.5.2 : ,
12.3.5.3 DF :
12.3.5.4 , PF.
12-11
13
SIM4:
(CHOPPER: BUCK-BOOST)
13.1 .
13.2 .
13.3 - .
13-1
13.1 .

.
, .
,
(step-down,buck) (step-up,boost)

(step-up,boost) BUCK-BOOST .
:

:
() .
13-2
13.2
13.2.1 13.1 (
switching frequency f = 25 kHz., ( =1/2)
13.1: (BUCK-BOOST converter
L1: : Analog.slb
R1 ,R2: : Analog.slb.
13-3
C1: Analog.slb.
Analog.slb. COKPlace.
Vdc,Vx1 , Vx2: , -
D.C (Vdc=0)
(). (
)
13-4
S1: .
.
1
Vg,: , source.slb.
13.1.
0 : , port.slb:.
MARKERS: Markers
voltage Marker.,
13.1 ( Marker ,
, ):
Markers
13-5
-
, ,
( 1).
Wire -.
Draw wire.
x ,
(simulation) :.
1. . transient
transient .
Transient
final time
transient: 600sec.
1: ,

1.
2: 13.1,
.
13.1:
V A HZ OHM H F
13-6
Analysis. Electrical Rule Check
.

.
: Analysis Simulate
13.2:
50V
0V
-50V
0s 50us 100us 150us 200us 250us 300us 350us 400us 450us 500us 550us 600us
V(VL)
Time
13.2:
13.2:
13-7
:
1. BUCK-BOOST -45 volt.
( 2).
2.
.
, 13.2.
13-8
13.3
13.3.1 (final time) 1.2ms

.
13.3.1.1 ?
13.3.1.2
final time ?
13.3.2 (final time) 8 ms,

.
?
13.3.3 2000
25 ms.
13.3.3.1
?
13.3.3.2 ?
13.3.3.3 ?
13.3.4 R2=50 10.

. .
13.3.4.1 ?
13.3.4.1 ?
13.3.4.1 ?
13.3.4.1 ?
13.3.5
;
13-9

[1] . , , .
[2] . .
[3] C. W. Lander. Power electonics Second edition
[4] Intellectron ltd
[5] ANSI / IEEE, Standard dictionary of power of electrical and electronics terms
USA: ANSI/IEEE,1977.
13-10
14

f
, f .
f (Fav): ,
T
1
Fav f ( t )dt
T0
RMS ( ) f (FRMS): ,

f(FFE):
f(FRF):
f(F1): RMS
f FOURIER 1/
14-11
Kth f(F): RMS
f FOURIER K/
f(THDf):
f(DFf) : :
DPF ( ):
vi, ii

DPF
vi, ii
PF
14-12

PF

vi, ii
:
(.):
.
0 1, 1
Ohm.
.
.

.
.
.. .
WATT VOLT
240 2 48
600 5 120
1200 10 240
2400 20 480
14-13
14-14

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HARDWARE: SR1, SR1-Q, SR2, SR3, SR4. SR5, SR6.

SOFTWARE: SIM 1, SIM 2, SIM 3, SIM 4

Fourier an, bn, Fn, .

3.1.8.3.2 TSE - SNUBBER

1.1 10: + 15V, ,

1.2 11: -15V, ,

1.4 12: VSYN, .

2.1 5, 6: 1..24V DC, 0..5A.

2.2 7, 8: 24V DC,

24V DC. To LED1

R4 = 220, R5 (P3) = 100

2.5 B15, B17: (VARIAC, :

2.6 15, 29: : 0..350V DC, 10.

2.7 B13, B14: .

2.8 18, 19, 20: .

= F*r = B I l r (Newton-metre: N-m

= 2 n Watt. (1 watt = 1.341E-03

4.1 Horse Power (hp)

H.P (Metric hp)= Tsh * 2 n /735.5

eb= -d/dt = -2 N B l r(d(cost)/dt) = 2 l r sin(t)

4.3.2.4.2 70% ...

UST: 0.. 10V R1 = 4.7K.

2.2 10, 13: 1,2.

2.3 10, 11: .

2.4 B15,B16: (SHUNT)

3.1 10, 11: , ( ),

3.2 12, 13,14:

3.4 15, 16: Shunt .

ao U.(V) () I (A) P(watt) S= U (VA) Q VAR VA cos

ao U.(V) () I (A) P(watt) S= U (VA) Q VAR VA cos

1.3 1 : UT1, ( / = (1/(1+2)).

UT1: 0.10V R1 = 4.7K.

1.8 R2 (F) (1/(1+2)

2.1 16, 17: , U= 200 VDC (MAX 310 VDC).

2.2 10, 15: .

2.5 14, 13: SHUNT

2.6 11. 12: .

UST: 0. 10V R1=4.7K.

2.3 14, 11: 2.

2.4 13,12: SHUNT

3.1 11, 12: , ( ), ,

ao U.(V) UDia (V) I (A) P(watt) S=V.* I (VA) Q VAR VA cos

ao U.(V) UDia (V) I (A) P(watt) S=V.* I (VA) Q VAR VA cos

1.1 B11: +15V, ,

1.2 12: -15V, ,

UST: 0.10V R1=4.7K.

1.5 13,14,15: VRT, VSR, VTS, .

2.1 25, 26, 27, 28, 29: (ARON).

2.2 B24, B21: 1.

2.3 23, 21: 2.

2.4 22, 21: 3.

2.5 18, 24: 4.

2.6 18, 23: 5.

2.8 B18, B19 30, 20 21:

2.9 21, 20: SHUNT

2.10 16, 17: .

3.1 16, 17: , ( ),

3.2 25, 26,29: .

3.2.1 26, 27,28, 29:

UDIA V P S =V* Q VA UDIA/UDI cos

UDIA P S=V* Q VA UDIA/UDI cos

UDIA P S=V* Q VA UDIA/UDI cos

(.. S1, S4) - (.. S2, S3)