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Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Top Moki (Miocene) Reservoir


Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
This shallow producing oil field shows
excellent examples of chimneys providing
charge to stacked Miocene deep water
turbidite oil reservoirs.

The top seal does show areas of leakage


which charge shallow gas sands.

Leakage may occur on the flank of the


accumulation, where sands are thin or
absent.
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

General Information
Location:
Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Operator:
OMV New Zealand Limited
Water Depth:
101m
Initial Production:
40,000 bopd.
Estimated Reserves:
50mm bbls oil (Miocene)
50mm bbls oil (Eocene)

www.offshoreenergytoday.com
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

General Information contd


Reservoirs:
Miocene deep water turbidite & Eocene
shore face
Play Type:
Compressional Inversion Anticline
Seismic Data Acquisition:
GECO Prakla Airgun (2000) 6x3000m Maari Oil Field
Streamer Cables Maari Field
Seismic Data Processing:
Standard SEISMOS
PSTM Velocity analysis 0.5x0.5 km grid

from Regional Paleogeography and Implications for Petroleum


Prospectivity, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, Dominic P. Strogen, Kyle
J. Bland, Jan R. Baur, and Peter R. King.
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Regional Stratigraphy
Maari
Reservoir Facies:
Middle Miocene (Moki) turbidite sands
& Middle Eocene (Kapuni) shoreface
sands
Source Rocks:
Late Cretaceous coals (oil-prone Waxy
45deg). Paleocene to Eocene coals
(gas/oil prone)
Seal:
Miocene deepwater shales
PSTM Velocity analysis 0.5x0.5 km grid
from Regional Paleogeography and Implications for
Petroleum Prospectivity, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand,
Dominic P. Strogen, Kyle J. Bland, Jan R. Baur, and Peter R.
King. GNS Science
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Petroleum System
Structural Timing:
Neogene

Expulsion:
Present Day
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Reservoir Info Maari #1 Moki #2A

Depth:
Stacked reservoirs between 1200-
1600m and 2000-2200m
Facies:
Middle Miocene (Moki) turbidite sands
& Middle Eocene (Kapuni) shoreface
2A Sd Oil
sds Miocene
Characteristics: Moki Sds
Moki Oil Sds
15-26% Porosity. 98 md Permeability
Initial Production:
4370 bopd. Eocene Kapuni
Oil/GasSds
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Oil Producing Intervals: Miocene Maari #1 Moki #2A

The Maari well has oil production from


the upper 2 sands in the Moki interval.

The producing sands are less well developed


and down-dip of the water contact in the Moki 2A 2A Sd
Moki
well, which produces from the shallower Moki 2A Sd
Sand Moki
Sd
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Structure time map on CI=40ms


T Moki Horizon with key wells Maari
Approximate oil / water contact (green A #1 Moki #1
dashed line) is near spill point of
structure. Moki #2A well is slightly
down-dip of oil water contact. Line goes Maari
through Maari #1 well and Moki #2A #2
well.
Moki
#2A

A
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Top Moki Reservoir


CI=40ms RMS Amplitude
RMS Amplitude on Top Moki
Structure shows distribution of Maari Moki
reservoir prone channel/fan facies #1 #1
(brown dashed line). Approximate
Fluid Contact
Higher amplitudes are generally on
structural high indicating possible Moki
fluid contact (dashed white line). #2A

Moki #2A well is off structure, and


reservoir is more poorly developed.

Manaia Oil Field


Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Chimney Processing Workflow


RMS Amplitude
1.Data analysis

Chimney with
possible gas
sag
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Chimney Processing Workflow


RMS Amplitude
1.Data analysis
2.Select representative train
locations
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Chimney Processing Workflow


RMS Amplitude
1.Data analysis
2.Select representative train
locations.
3.Select seismic attributes and
calculate at chimney and non-
chimney picks.
4.Feed calculated data to neural
network and train
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Chimney Processing Workflow


RMS Amplitude
1.Data analysis
2.Select representative train
locations.
3.Select seismic attributes and
calculate at chimney and non-
chimney picks.
4.Feed calculated data to neural
network and train
5.Apply neural network to data
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Validation of Chimney Processing


RMS Amplitude
1.Are chimneys related to fluid migration?

Criteria: Check pock marked morphology 1 Km


on horizon or time slices Chimneys in
vicinity of Maari Oil Field have pock
marked morphology.
Chimneys on western flank of the
structure are more widespread, but
probably indicate hydrocarbon migration.

Time Slice 928 ms

Chimney Probability Overlain on Similarity


Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Top Moki Horizon Chimney Probability


RMS Amplitude
This line goes through the key wells and
intersects the major chimneys which Maari #1
3
may provide charge to the Maari. This
line demonstrates the degree of
correlation between oil and gas shows
1
in the wells, and the detected chimneys.
2
Moki
#2A

CI=40ms
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir
Maari #1 Moki #2A
Validation of Chimney Processing
Amplitude RMS Amplitude
2.Are chimneys related to HC migration? Anomalies

Criteria: Chimneys are associated with 3


shallow DHIs.
2
3
Amplitude anomalies are associated with
Chimneys 1, 2, and 3. T Moki
Horizon
1

Line Through Key Wells


Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir
Maari #1 Moki #2A
Validation of Chimney Processing
Amplitude RMS Amplitude
Anomalies
2.Are chimneys related to HC migration?
A
Criteria: Chimneys are associated with
shallow DHIs.

Chimney processing results show good


correlation between chimneys and DHIs. T Moki
Chimneys in shallow section show a clear Horizon
frequency washout (A) are under 3 1
represented by the NN results 2
Oil Shows
Gas Shows
Oil Fluor/Cut Detail Section
Line Through Key Wells
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir
Maari #1
Validation of Chimney Processing

3.Are chimneys related to thermogenic HC migration?

Criteria: Wells drilled through chimneys have increase Oil Pay


in C2-C5 and oil shows. w Gas
Shows

T Moki
Horizon
Chimney
1

Oil Shows
Gas Shows
Oil Fluor/Cut
Line Through Key Wells
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir
Maari #1
Validation of Chimney Processing

3.Are chimneys related to thermogenic HC migration?


Miocene
Criteria: Wells drilled through chimneys have increase Gas Shows
in C2-C5 and oil shows.

Chimneys, near the Maari #1 well show fairly good


F
correlation with HC shows.. Oil Fluorescence (F) &
gas shows in Eocene correlate precisely with high
probability chimneys. Oil & gas shows in Miocene are 1
in sands and probably related to lateral migration Eocene
(arrows). Gas
Oil Shows Shows
Gas Shows
Oil Fluor/Cut
Line Through Key Wells
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Validation of Chimney Processing Moki #2A

3.Are chimneys related to thermogenic HC migration?

Criteria: Wells drilled through chimneys have increase


in C2-C5 and oil shows.

Oil pay
Reservoir

Moki #2A

Oil Shows
Gas Shows
Fluorescence Key Line Through Moki #2A
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Validation of Chimney Processing Moki #2A

3.Are chimneys related to thermogenic HC migration?

Criteria: Wells drilled through chimneys have increase


in C2-C5 and oil shows.

The Moki #2A well shows a good correlation between


the chimneys and the gas shows. Much of the gas
may originate from the Eocene. Gas chimneys in the
shallow section are probably underrepresented

Oil Shows
Gas Shows
Fluorescence Key Line Through Moki #2A
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Top Moki Reservoir Charge Model Maari #1

Moki oil reservoirs may receive charge from chimneys SW Sd


directly underlying reservoir interval or Chimney 1 on
SE flank of the reservoir. SW Sand amplitude
anomaly is receiving direct charge from the
underlying chimney. Chimneys terminate in Moki
Reservoirs
hydrocarbon charged
reservoirs, indicating that the reservoirs are not highly
pressured, and absorb the available oil.
1

Oil Shows
Gas Shows
Oil Fluor/Cut Line Through Key Wells
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir
Maari #1 Moki #2A
Chimney Results on Key Line

Key dip line across the Maari structure goes


through the major chimneys in the vicinity
of the Maari structure(arrows). Moki Reservoir

Miocene Reservoir

Eocene Reservoir

Key Dip Line


Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir
Maari #1 Moki #2A
Chimney Results on Key Line

Chimney processing results show


chimneys directly underlie stacked
reservoir interval in the Miocene objective Moki Reservoir
interval.
1
Chimneys charging Maari structure have
2
Miocene Reservoir
3
deep (Cretaceous?) origin, but exact
interval is not clear. Some chimneys
Eocene Reservoir
originate from the Eocene (red arrow).

Chimneys 1,2,and 3 are involved in


charging Maari structure.

Key Dip Line


Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

Top Seal: 200ms Above Top


Moki Horizon
Chimney probability results show no Thick reservoirs?
chimneys above high amplitude reservoir
facies (in gray).

Chimney Probability
Fluid
Contact
Chimneys are largely located down-dip of ?
suspected fluid contact (dashed line).
Chimneys at crest of the structure may
2
occur in area with missing reservoir. OWC

Thus, vertically migrating hydrocarbons


are not impeded.

CI=40ms
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

HC Charge: 200ms Below Top


Moki Horizon
Thick reservoirs?
Chimney probability results chimneys
underlying the crest of the Maari structure
(Chimney 1), which likely provide charge to

Chimney Probability
the Maari Middle Miocene (Moki) reservoirs. 1
Chimneys on the SE flank of the structure
(Chimney 2) may also provide some charge 2
to the Moki reservoirs, and definitely provide
oil charge to the producing M2A Sand.

Fault related chimneys on the NW flank of


the structure may also provide some charge.
CI=40ms
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir

3D View of Chimneys in Vicinity


of Moki Oil Reservoir
Chimney geobodies for Chimney 1 & 2.

Probability cutoff 100 for reliable chimneys.

Neural network results are optimistic,


so high cutoff is warranted. Moki Horizon

Moki Oil Reservoir high amplitudes shown 1 2


in light green.

Shallow gas anomalies shown in red.


1 km

CI=40ms
Maari Oil Field: Top Moki reservoir
Maari Oil Field: Miocene Moki Reservoir Classification:
Trap: Compressional Anticline Seal Charge
Reservoir: Miocene Sands
Depth: 1200-1600 m
Production: Oil w Associated Gas
Initial Field Production: 40000 bopd
Reservoir Pressure: Normal
Chimneys
Hydrocarbon Column Height: 55 m to spill?
Origin of Chimneys: Cretaceous / Eocene
Flank Leak Trap Direct Charge Trap
Seal Litho-facies: Marine deepwater clays
Reservoir Litho-facies: turbidite sands

Validation Criteria: (Chimneys 1 & 2) Key Uncertainties:


1. Tie to known pay : excellent 1. Extent of reservoir beneath chimneys.
2. Tie to shallow DHIs: excellent 2. Structural closure beneath chimneys.
3. Pockmark morphology: good 3. Number of stacked reservoirs
4. Tie to gas shows in well: good 4. Origin of chimneys
5. Origination from source rock: weak
Disclaimer

All interpretations in this document are opinions based on sound application of standard industry
techniques. These interpretations do not purport to be all inclusive and are not considered as a
recommendation by dGB Earth Sciences to invest in this particular basin, or field. dGB does not
guarantee the accuracy or correctness of any interpretations, and shall not be liable or responsible
for any loss, costs, damages or expenses incurred or sustained by anyone using these
interpretations.

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