ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 4, 790-796

Journal homepage: http://www.journalijar.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL

OF ADVANCED RESEARCH

RESEARCH ARTICLE

RELATIVE SHARE OF LIVESTOCK POPULATION OF HARYANA

*ROOP RAJ1, Dr. SURENDAR KUMAR GUPTA2
1. Department of Economics, Jodhpur National University, (established under 2(f) of the UGC Act, 1956) Jodhpur,
Rajasthan (India)
2. Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management and Technology, Jagadhari, Haryana. (India)

Manuscript Info Abstract

Manuscript History: Animal husbandry is an integral part of agriculture in India since

Received: 12 February 2015
Final Accepted: 22 March 2015
Published Online: April 2015
Key words:
Livestock, agriculture, Haryana,
growth rate, share of livestock
*Corresponding Author
ROOP RAJ
ages and plays an important role in the rural economy. Besides having vast
employment potential, the sub-sector provides milk, egg, meat, wool, hides
and skins, dung, bones, hooves and draught power but also stabilizes the
farm income. Haryana holds a very prominent place in the country for its
livestock wealth. Haryana has a pride of being the birthplace of leading
breeds of Haryana Cows and Murrah buffaloes. For designing appropriate
policies of livestock development and thereby giving a future fillip to their
contributions, it is extremely essential to focus on the nature and significance
of changes taking place in the animal husbandry subsector in the state. The
number of livestock has undergone substancial changes in terms of
composition over the year in the state. The relating indices of changes have
been manipulated. The estimated compound growth rates and for this the
calculation of exponential trend have been shown. The population of
buffaloes, sheep, goats, horses and ponies and total livestock has increased at
the compound rate of 2.92 percent, 1.99 percent, 0.69 percent, 1.32 percent
and 1.87 percent. On the contrary, the population of cattle and camels has
exhibited a negative growth rate during the same period. The compound
growth rate of cattle and camels are -0.72 and -1.92 % respectively.The
highest growth rate in case of buffaloes reflect that farmers are taking care of
these milk animals because of heavy investment, consumer preference to
buffalow milk as well as their higher milk yield as compared to indigenous
cows.

Copy Right, IJAR, 2015,. All rights reserved

INTRODUCTION
In the developing world domestic animals play a major role as source of energy, food, raw material and
manure for the primarily rural farmers. India is home to the largest livestock population in the world accounting for
about 57 per cent of the worlds buffalo population and about 15 per cent of the worlds cattle population and as a
result is the largest milk producer in the world. The majority of these livestock (about 88%) are owned by marginal,
small and semi medium farmers (with operational holding area less than 4 ha). Livestock refers to all domestic
animals that are produce food and other valuable products for man. It includes cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and
pigs. Livestock may be milk producing and meat producing. Livestock mixed farming system has been played a
pivotal role in the social, economical and cultural development of the society. Where livelihood options are limited,
livestock in arid or semi-arid forms an integral part of the age old crop, livestock mixed farming system. They can
live on rough plant and vegetable foods that man cannot eat. Their bodies are living like chemical factories, which
continuously go on converting feed into milk, meat and working energy for the benefits of man.

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India is predominantly an agricultural country with about 70% of its population dependent on income from
agriculture. Rapid depletion of natural resources, especially the common property resources, particularly due to
growing human and livestock population and due to adoption of non sustainable practices, have seriously affected
the underprivileged, marginalized and landless people. Livestock have been an integral component of Indias
agricultural and rural economy since time immemorial, supplying energy for crop production in terms of draught
power and organic manure, and in turn deriving their own energy requirements from crop byproducts and residues.
The advances in bio-chemical and mechanical technologies, however, have weakened the synergy between livestock
and crops. Livestock are now more valued as source of food and contribute over one-fourth to the agricultural gross
domestic product and engage about 9% of the agricultural labour force. The livestock sector has been growing faster
than crop sector; however, in recent years, the growth both in livestock production and productivity has decelerated
considerably.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Study Area:

Fig.No. 1: Profile view of Haryana (India)

Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is located between 2739' to 3035' N latitude and
between 7428' and 7736' E longitude while its altitude varies from 700 to 3600 ft above sea level. The populations

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reported in the present study are from the Yamuna- Ghaggar plain that forms the largest part of the state. This state
is undergoing rapid ecological changes due to economic development and its consequential urbanization.
Data Collection:
The inferences drawn from this study are based on secondary data collected from various issues of
statistical abstracts of Haryana, published by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Haryana
and the Agricultural Statistics at a glance, published by Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Haryana has the pride of being the place of origin of famous breeds of Haryana Cows and Murrah
buffaloes. The number of livestock has undergone substancial changes in terms of composition over the year in the
state. This is shown in table no.1. According to 1966 livestock census, the total livestock population in the state was
55.2 lakh consisting of 22.2 lakh cattles, 19.3 lakh buffaloes, 5.1 lakh sheeps, 5.1 lakh goats, 1 lakh horses, ponies,
donkeys and mules.
Among the farm animals the percentage share of buffaloes has witnessed a spectacular improvement from
35 percent to 65.78 percent in 2007. On the contrary the percentage share of cattle, camel and donkey in total
livestock population has declined from 40.28 percent, 2.40 percent and 1.26 percent in 1966 to 17.15 percent, 0.42
percent and 0.05 percent in 2007 respectively. Despite some increment in absolute terms, the percentage share of
mules, horses and ponies remained almost similar in most of the census years. The number of livestock has
undergone substancial changes in etrms of absolute number over the year. The relating indices of changes are
indicated in the Table no.2. In the table, the index number of cattle changed 100.00 in 1966 to 69.70 in 2007. For
mules, buffaloes and sheep it shifted to 153.62, 307.70 and 116.39 respectively. The estimated compound growth
rates and for this the calculation of exponential trend are shown in table no.3.The population of buffaloes, sheep,
goats, horses and ponies and total livestock has increased at the compound rate of 2.92 percent, 1.99 percent, 0.69
percent, 1.32 percent and 1.87 percent. On the contrary, the population of cattle and camels has exhibited a negative
growth rate during the same period. The compound growth rate of cattle and camels are -0.72 and -1.92 %
respectively. It is clear from the data that the villagers are now taking interest for milk stock in buffaloes milk rather
than cow milk.
Livestock sector grew at an annual rate of 5.3% during 1980s, 3.9% during 1990s and 3.6% during 2000s.
Despite deceleration, growth in livestock sector remained about 1.5 times larger than in the crop sector which
implies its critical role in cushioning agricultural growth.
The livestock sector contributes to about 30 percent of the State Agricultural GDP and the production of milk and
egg has increased more than 5 times and 160 times, respectively since the formation of the State.
Introduction of mechanization and commercialization in agriculture increased utility of livestock sector;
these have changed the livestock scenario of Haryana.
Due to the commercialization of dairying at national level, Haryana is the best place for the buffalo rearing.
The cattle compound growth declined in all livestock census and buffaloes increasing in all census periods. This
reveals that there is shift from the cattle to buffaloes rearing in the state because the development of Murah high
milk producing breed of buffalo is given maximum profit to farmers. Draught animal power growth is declining due
to the mechanization of state agriculture. The structural of bovine population rearing is transformed from
subsistence to the commercial level (Jha, 2004).

Table No.1: Relative Proportion of Livestocks in Haryana (in 00)

Particulars 1966 1972 1977 1982 1988 1992 1997 2003 2007

Cattle 22268 24518 24418 23420 22001 21335 23998 15402 15523
(40.28) (38.98) (35.36) (29.58) (25.09) (1.44) (21.73) (16.31) (17.15)
Buffaloes 19347 25179 29401 33694 38285 43729 48224 60348 59532
(35.00) (40.03) (42.58) (42.55) (43.65) (43.96) (43.67) (63.90) (65.78)

Horses & 239 245 264 2950 332 497 491 2480 210
Ponies (0.43) (0.39) (0.38) (0.37) (0.37) (0.50) (0.44) (0.26) (0.23)
Donkeys 696 727 773 676 685 738 634 83 (0.08) 48 (0.05)
(1.26) (1.16) (1.12) (0.85) (0.78) (0.74) (0.57)

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Mules 69 (0.12) 88 (0.14) 107 174 164 256 345 136 106
(0.15) (0.22) (0.18) (0.25) (0.31) (0.14) (0.11)
Sheep 5166 4595 5415 7580 8911 10438 12933 6330 6013
(9.35) (7.31) (7.84) (9.57) (10.15) (10.49) (11.71) (6.70) (6.64)
Goats 5174 4781 5196 6078 6752 7994 7972 4602 5383
(9.36) (7.60) (7.53) (7.67) (7.70) (8.03) (7.22) (4.87) (5.94)
Camels 1324 1328 1305 1208 1284 1283 962 500 386
(2.40) (2.11) (1.89) (1.53) (1.46) (1.29) (0.87) (0.53) (0.42)
Pigs 997 1432 2025 2497 3399 5173 6751 1198 1335
(1.80) (2.28) (2.93) (3.15) (3.87) (5.20) (6.11) (1.27) (1.47)
Dogs - - 144 3567 5881 8028 8105 5590 1914
(0.20) (4.50) (6.70) (8.07) (6.11) (5.92) (2.11)

Total 55280 62893 69048 79184 87694 99471 110415 94437 90501
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)

Poultry 4794 9663 14155 20142 53390 85802 92229 136189 287854
Note: Figures in parenthesis indicate percentage shares to their corresponding total.

Table No.2: Changes in the Livestock of Haryana

Particulars 1966 1972 1977 1982 1988 1992 1997 2003 2007

Cattle 100.00 110.10 109.65 105.17 98.80 95.81 107.76 69.16 69.70

Buffaloes 100.00 130.14 151.96 174.15 197.88 226.02 249.25 311.92 307.70

Horses & 100.00 102.51 110.46 122.17 138.91 207.94 205.43 103.76 87.86
Ponies

Donkeys 100.00 104.45 111.06 97.12 98.41 106.03 91.09 11.92 6.89

Mules 100.00 127.53 155.07 252.17 237.68 371.01 500.00 197.10 153.62

Sheep 100.00 88.94 104.82 146.72 172.49 202.05 250.34 122.53 116.39

Goats 100.00 92.40 100.30 117.65 130.49 154.50 154.07 88.94 104.03

Camels 100.00 100.30 98.56 91.23 96.97 96.90 72.65 37.76 29.15

Pigs 100.00 143.60 203.10 250.45 340.92 518.85 677.13 120.16 133.90

Dogs - - 100.00 2477.08 4084.02 5575.00 5628.47 3881.94 1329.16

Total 100.00 113.77 124.90 143.24 158.63 179.94 199.73 170.83 163.71

Poultry 100.00 201.56 295.26 420.15 1113.68 1789.77 1923.84 2840.82 6004.46

Note: Figures indicate indices of change over the period.

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Table No.3: Trends and Growth rates of livestock in Haryana (1966-2007)

Particulars Equation of the exponential Annual compound growth

trend rate

Cattle Y= 25351.28 (0.9927)x - 0.72 %

Buffaloes Y= 19971.00 (1.0292)x 2.92 %

Sheeps Y= 4905.68 (1.0199)x 1.99 %

Goats Y= 5180.36 (0.9807)x 0.69 %

Camels Y= 1613.61 (0.9807)x -1.92 %

Horses & Ponies Y= 240.87 (1.0132)x 1.32 %

Total livestock Y= 56104.79 (1.0187)x 1.87 %

Note: In total: Donkeys, mules, pigs and dogs are included.

Indias livestock sector is one of the largest in the world. It has 56.7% of worlds buffaloes, 12.5% cattle,
20.4% small ruminants, 2.4% camel, 1.4% equine, 1.5% pigs and 3.1% poultry. In 2010-11, livestock generated
outputs worth Rs 2075 billion (at 2004-05 prices) which comprised 4% of the GDP and 26% of the agricultural
GDP. The total output worth was higher than the value of food grains.
Livestock sector is expected to emerge as an engine of agricultural growth in the 12th plan and beyond in
view of rapid growth in demand for animal food products. Achieving growth rate of 5-6%, however, would require
addressing challenges of shortage of feed and fodder and frequent occurrence of some deadly diseases. The sector
has remained under-invested; and neglected by the financial and extension institutions. Livestock markets are under-
developed, which is a significant barrier to the commercialization of livestock production. Besides, the sector will
also come under significant pressure of increasing globalization of agri-food markets.

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Annual Compound Growth Rate of Livestock in Haryana

4.00%

2.92%
3.00%
% Annual Compound Growth Rate

2.00% 1.99%
1.87%
1.32%

1.00%
0.69%

0.00%
Cattle Buffaloes Sheeps Goats Camels Horses & Total
-0.72% Ponies livestock
-1.00%

-2.00% -1.92%

Fig. No.2 : Annual Compound Growth Rate of Livestock in Haryana

Indian poultry industry is well equipped and organized to achieve target growth rate of 11% for commercial
broilers and 7% for layers although it failed to diversify in favor of duck, quail, turkey and emu production. Rural
poultry sector however, needs financial, infrastructure and technological support to raise the present 2% growth rate
to 3%. Need-based import of grandparent stock of reputed international brands may be continued with strict
enforcement of biosecurity measures.
Camel and equine population have shown a decline. The population of Mewari and Kutchhi camel as
dromedaries and double humped camel-bactrians and all the six registered Indian breeds of equines need special
attention as these may be threatened in numbers. There is a need to have a national equine breeding policy.
Bulk of the investment for livestock development comes from the state governments. The central
government contributes about 10% to the total investment. There is hardly any private sector investment in animal
husbandry. The dairy sector, however, has attracted considerable private investment in processing, value addition
and marketing. Flow of institutional credit, mainly the commercial banks is about 10%. More than 70% of the
refinance disbursement by NABARD goes for dairy development. Investment linked tax incentives and attractive
credit facility to private investors are missing.
Driven by the structural changes in agriculture and food consumption patterns, the utility of livestock has
been undergoing a steady transformation. The non-food functions of livestock are becoming weaker. Importance of
livestock as source of draught power has declined considerably due to mechanization of agricultural operations and
declining farm size. Use of dung manure is increasingly being replaced by chemical fertilizers. On the other hand,
their importance as a source of quality food has increased. Sustained income and economic growth, a fast-growing
urban population, burgeoning middleincome class, changing lifestyles, increasing proportion of women in
workforce, improvements in transportation and storage practices and rise of supermarkets especially in cities and
towns are fuelling rapid increases in consumption of animal food products. Between 1983 and 2004, the share of
animal products in the total food expenditure increased from 21.8% to 25.0% in urban areas and from 16.1% to
21.4% in rural areas.

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Natural resource management has to be the number one strategy for accelerating and sustaining agricultural growth
in Haryana. In fact, major weaknesses and threats to the sustainable growth in the State are natural resource induced,
particularly in the context of soil health, water scarcity and quality, emerging threats due to climate change and bio-
diversity management.

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