Homogeneous Charge

Compression Ignition (HCCI)

Engines

Gajendra Singh
 Contents

Need of HCCI
HCCI Engine Concept
Advantage & Challenges related to HCCI
Future Aspects.
 The Challenges Facing Us
Emission (NOx & Soot)
Fuel Economy

Urban
Pollution

Fuel Consumption is increased by more than 10 % in last 7 years

 Solution
Hybrid Vehicles
Fuel Cells

HCCI Engines

GDI Engine

Low Emissions Technologies

New Materials

Advanced Design Simulations

Efficient Electronics and Electrical Devices

 What is an HCCI Engine?

HCCI is a form of internal combustion in which the Homogeneous

Charge is compressed to the point of auto ignition.
HCCI incorporates the best features of both spark ignition (SI) and
compression ignition (CI)
As in an SI engine, the charge is well mixed, which minimizes particulate
emissions.
As in a CI engine, the charge is compression ignited and has no
throttling losses, which leads to high efficiency.
Traditional combustion (left) uses a spark to ignite the mixture. HCCI (right) uses piston
compression for a more complete ignition.

SI Engine HCCI

Unlike conventional engines, the combustion occurs

simultaneously throughout the volume rather than in a flame
front.
This important attribute of HCCI allows combustion to occur at
much lower temperatures, dramatically reducing engine-out
emissions of NOx
Working
 Advantage
Relative to SI gasoline engines, HCCI engines are more
efficient, approaching the efficiency of a CIDI engine.

Reason for Improved Efficiency

Elimination of throttling losses.

High compression ratios
Shorter combustion duration (No Flame front, so distance to travel)

Fuel-Flexibility
 Emission
HCCI engines also have lower engine-out NOx.
HCCI engines have substantially lower emissions of PM.
The low emissions of PM and NOx in HCCI engines are a result of the dilute
homogeneous air and fuel mixture. The charge in an HCCI engine may be made dilute
by being very lean by EGR.

HCCI engines may be lower cost since use lower-pressure fuel-

injection equipment.
 Challenges

Controlling Ignition Timing over a Range of Speeds and Load .

varying the amount of hot EGR.
using a VCR mechanism.
using a VVT mechanism.

Extending the Operating Range to High Load

Dual Mode Operation

Cold-Start Capability
Using glow plugs.
Start the engine in spark-ignition mode.

Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emission

Using Oxidation Catalysts.
 Research Aspects

Ignition Timing Control

Engine Cold-Start
Heat release rate
Multi-Cylinder Engine Effects
Fuel System
Engine Control Strategies and Systems
Engine Transient Operation

Prototype HCCI car from Saturn

 pHCCI (Partial Homogeneous Charge Compression
Ignition )
In Partial HCCI mode the engine is cold-started as an SI or CI engine, then switched
to HCCI mode for idle and low- to mid-load operation to obtain the benefits of
HCCI in this regime. For high-load operation, the engine would again be switched
to SI or CI operation.
 The Future of HCCI
The future of HCCI looks promising specially with partial HCCI mode.
Major companies such as GM, Mercedes-Benz, Honda, and Volkswagen
have invested in HCCI research.

Estimated Year of
Company Company Technology
Commercialization
General
Saturn-Aura pHCCI Test Vehicle is on the Road.
Motors

Opel-Vectra pHCCI 2015

Mercedes Dies-otto PHCCI Test Vehicle is on the Road.

Volkswagen Touran CCS(Combined Combustion Spark) 2015

GCI(Gasoline Compression Ignition)

Ford pHCCI 2015

 Conclusion

HCCI is a combustion concept which is developed in response to the need

of lower NOx & soot emission and Efficiency.
It can substantially overcome both the problems but still it needs a lot of
development.
Thanks