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 Filter x (1?  # !:D

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, &*+ / :( , ( /+ N S ten digits

S ,[ 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 ] :
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... 10 10 10 10 
...   10000 1000 100 10 1

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2  :  #$ %$&' 1948!

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= 1000 + 900 + 40 + 8

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)Binary N umber System (BN S


, &*+ :12( , (  Ntwo digits NS

] [ ON , OFF S ,[1 , 0 ] :
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2 : .-%  ) 0 9 /%43% 12%3.


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/
8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1

: 2 Q  S / ) S k (1 ( xm (


S
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 2  8 S(1000)2 P LD 9D 8 k 1 xz

2 :( * (48)10 <   <D Q{D , <12



<S 2 48
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0 2 12
= 0 2 6
0 2 3
1 2 1
 N H 1 0

2 :( * (149)10 <   <D Q{D , 12



<S 2 149
1 2 74
0 2 37
= 1 2 18
0 2 9
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2 :(  8 / (0.8125)10 <   D Q{D , 12



%
1 1.6250 = 2 x 0.8125
1 1.2500 = 2 x 0.9250
0 0.5000 = 2 x 0.2500
1 1.0000 = 2 x 0.5000

2 :( * (101)2 <   D Q{D , /




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:
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2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024.ect
- , / 5+z : 10 S
10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000 ect

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6
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(  "  " YES Gate


cw (  ` T <
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 *S D 0 6  ( *S . 0
 &<  < * 

1 X Y
X Y X Y 0 0
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(  N OT Gate " ` " 5
cw (  [    b  < S  *
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 *S D 0 6  ( *S . 1
 &   * 

X Y
1 X Y
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cw (  6   *S ( *+ 1 * x
$
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A B Y
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A
A
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B B
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cw (  6   *S ( *+ 1 * *
D $  
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D $    . 0

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A B Y
0 0 0
A 1 Y
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(  " (  N AN D Gate " 8
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 &<  < * 

A B Y
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A
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B B
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 &   * 

A B Y
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B
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(  "  " "Exclusive OR " XOR Gate


cw (  6   *S ( *+ 1 * *
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8
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No

t
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( $ 5 PLC 6 ) 
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(  (  " " AN D Gates

1S VL6
C 1B %
S1 %7E I1
S2 %7E I2
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t
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ID 
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(  ( " " OR Gates

1S VL6
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S2 %7E I2
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8     8 [Q1 P L  + Q
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Thr. %(2 I1
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1  9m %7E %ON/ OFF 1G

1S VL6
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1S VL6
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1S VL6
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: I90
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: PLC

B % B * 5 B 3
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0"# ) a3 (4J 3  }4DE/'  + Z { 4J
/ D#  4 0"# / B 3  4J &+#'  Z+&+# 4
B  $.

-8 FW+

P[ /-+I  ) g W# (S !  Z  % 4DE/


+B &+# 4 ' ) 4X (I1 ZE3 4J&J %+"X P 3 [Q1
 3  4DE/B g W# Q+ +B &+# 4 '  Z&P
%+"+X8 3 ) ! .( K
:
 P[ /+I %W# S  B z"*/+X I 1 % ' I 1
4X ZE3 P&+X 4J + 4"J %+ [Q1B g W# Q+ + 40D
$ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! .( K

:
3+J#:  Z$ % )B0 (PLC ) (CPU  Z%
+I $) (PLC %H @ Q ZE3B0 4J ) (CPUF+
H   Z 4/ ! P 43# B0  Z % "0 ) a%
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3+J#: 3 Z B )3 (CPU $ ) (PLC
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F+H   Z+I P  4/ 43# B0  Z3 "0 a
)3 (4J 3  } 4DE/' + Z { 4J


PLC

0 " *YES Gates " F

-8 FW+

P[ / -+I %W# S  B z"*/+X I 1 % ' I 1


4X ZE3 P&+X 4J + :"J %+ [Q1B g W# Q+ +4
0D $ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! .( K



0 N OT Gates " S " 4I/

-8 J FW+ %+" [Q1B g W# Q+ + 40D $ PLC
 %*I+3 ) ! .( K

P[ / -+I %W# S1  B z"*/+X I 1 % ' I 1


4X ZE3 g+I/X 4J + 4J aED/ [Q1B g W# MI3/ Q++4
S0D $ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! .( K



0 0+ " 4 " AN D Gates

-8 FW+

P[ / -+I %W# S1  B z"*/+X I 1 % '4X I 1 $+
 ZE3 P&+X 4J + S 4"J %+ [Q1B g W# MI3/ Q+ +4
S0D $ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! ( K

P[ / -B+I %W# S2 S1  B z"*/+X I 2 I 1 % '$+


4X I 2 I 1 ZE3D&+X 4J + 4"J %+ [Q1B g W# Q+
+ 40D $ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! ( K



0 0+ " " OR Gates

-8 FW+

P[ / -+I %W# S1  B z"*/+X I 1 % ' I 1


4X ZE3 P&+X 4J + 4"J %+ [Q1B g W# Q+ +4
0D $ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! .(K
 P[ /+I %W# S2  B z"*/+X I 2 % ' I 2
4X ZE3 P&+X 4J + 4"J %+ [Q1B g W# Q+ +4
0D $ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! .( K

P[ / -B+I %W# S2 S  B z"*/+X I 2 I 1 %


' 4X I 2 I 1 $+ ZE3D&+X 4J + 4"J %+ [Q1g W#
B Q+ + 40D $ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! .( K



8 G [Z

-8 FW+

aI## / -  4 B 0 ( Cut In ) %& P@+0


%W+X QJ# Thr.  B z"*/+X I 1 % ' I 1
4X ZE3 P&+X 4J + 4"J %+ [Q1B g W# Q+ +4
0D $ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! .( K

/ - G 4 %G Z[M %WIXS0 g W+X O.Le  MI3/


B z"*/+X I 2 % ' 4X I2 ZE3 g+I+X 4J+ S 4"J %+
[Q1B g W# MI3/ Q+ + S 40D $ %*I+ PLC3 )!
"0+0+ ( K Q#J# g+I J8G !d0+ Z[M

^ / -I3  Z&M; Z&M YI3/8  +  D a d %WI


Z&M g W+X L.P YI3/e  MI3/B z"*/+X I 3 % ' I 3
4X ZE3 g+I+X 4J + S 4"J %+ [Q1B g W# MI3/ Q+
+ S 40D $ %*I+ PLC3 )! "0+0+ (KQ#J# g+I
 J8G !d0+ .Z[M

^ / -I#  Z&M; Z&M* 48  +  D a d %WIZ&M


* g W+X H.P 4e  MI3/B z"*/+X I 4 % ' 4X I 4ZE3
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G .Z[M
8 G [ Z*+I % ON / OFF 4"#0#

-8 FW+

/- kG 4 Z&M ON %&'+& %W+X QJ# P  I 1 %


B z"*/+X ' 4X I 1 ZE3 P&+X 4J+ 4"J %+ [Q1
B g W# Q+ + 40D $ %*I+ PLC3 )! "0+0+ ( K
4X zIB z"*/# kG ' 4X q 1 ZE3.P&+X 4J

 - aX  Z&M+I %W+X ON  MI3/B z"*/+X I 1 %


' 4X I 1 ZE30*+X 4J 0* $ 4* E g+I+X " ' 4X q 1
 ZE3 D& 4J + 4"J %+ [Q1B g W# Q+ + 40D
$ %*I+ PLC3 )! "0+0+ .( K



dS + Inter Lock

- : / B 0 (Cut In) %& P@+0 Thr.


) J# + %W+X (Cool  B z"*/+X I 1 % ' 4X I 1
 ZE3 P&+X 4J + :"J %+ [Q1B g W# Q+ + 40D
$ %*I+ PLC3 )! 0+0+ G Z[M .(K3
B z"*/# ' 4X q 1 ZE3 g+I+X 4J +:
S"J %+ [Q2B g W# MI3/ Q++S 40D $ %*I+ PLC
3 )! 0+0+ 3 X+ .(K2

- : / B 0 (Cut In) %& P@+0 Thr.


) QJ# X+ %W+X (Heat  B z"*/+X I 2 % ' 4X I 2
 ZE3 P&+X 4J + :"J %+ [Q2B g W# Q+ + 40D
$ %*I+ PLC3 )! 0+0+ 3 X+ .(K2
B z"*/# ' 4X q 21 ZE3 g+I+X 4J +:
S"J %+ [Q1B g W# MI3/ Q++S 40D $ %*I+ PLC
3 )! 0+0+ G Z[M .(K3

a++ Sequence

-8 FW+



aI##  / - G 4 B 0 ( Cut - In ) %&P
@+0 %W+X J# Thr.  B z"*/+X I 1 % ' I 1
4X ZE3 P&+X 4J + :"J %+ [Q1B g W# Q+
+ 40D $ %*I+ PLC3 )! 0+0+  B 3 (K1
B z"*/# ' 4X q 1 ZE3 P&+X 4J +:
"J %+ [Q2B g W# Q+ + 40D $ %*I+ PLC3
)! 0+0+  B"@! (K2
B z"*/# ' 4X q 2 ZE3 P&+X 4J +:
"J %+ [Q3B g W# Q+ + 40D $ %*I+ PLC3
)! 0+0+ G Z[M (K3

/ - G 4 %G Z[M %WIXS0 g W+X O.L2e  MI3/


B z"*/+X I 3 % ' 4X I3 ZE3 g+I+X 4J+ S 4"J %+
  [Q 3 [Q 2 [Q 1B g W# MI3/ F$+ + S 40D $ PLC
 %*I+3 )I "0+0+ @ ( K1 K2 K3F$#J# g+I+
 J8 !d0++G @.Q



/ - G 4 %G Z[M %WIXS0 g W+X O.L3e  MI3/
B z"*/+X I 4 % ' 4X I4 ZE3 g+I+X 4J+ S 4"J %+
  [Q 3 [Q 2 [Q 1B g W# MI3/ F$+ + S 40D $ PLC
 %*I+3 )I "0+0+ @ ( K1 K2 K3F$#J# g+I+
 J8 !d0++G @. Q

^ / - G 4 %G Z[M %WIXS0 g W+X O.L1e  MI3/


B z"*/+X I 1 % ' 4X I1 ZE3 g+I+X 4J+ S 4"J %+
  [Q 3 [Q 2 [Q 1B g W# MI3/ F$+ + S 40D $ PLC
 %*I+3 )I "0+0+ @ ( K1 K2 K3F$#J# g+I+
 J8 !d0++G @. Q
+ 4/5 %&'+ ON DELAY

-8 FW+

P[ / -+I %W# S  B z"*/+X I 1 % ' I 1


4X ZE3 P&+X 4J + 4"J %+ + TT1B g W# Q+  X
+ 4X* 4/5 + J [Q2HB c Q+ + 40D
$ %*I+ PLC3 ) ! "0+0+ .(K2

- * 00 5 V# Z %&'+G : 4#b


B z"*/# ' 4X T1 ZE3 P&+X 4J + 4"J %+ [Q1
B g W# Q+ 0DX $ %*I+ PLC3 )! "0+0+ .(K1
B z"*/# ' 4X T2 ZE3 g+I+X 4J+4
J aED/ [Q2B g W# MI3/ Q++ S 40D $ %*I+ PLC
3 ) ! "0+0+ .(K2



+ 4/5D OFF DELAY

-8 FW+

P[ / -+I %W# S  B z"*/+X I 1 % ' I 1


4X ZE3 P&+X 4J + 4"J %++ TT1B g W# Q+
G :4#b
0X z"*/# B ' 4X T1 ZE3 P&+X 4J + 4"%+
J [Q1B g W# Q+ + 40D $ %*I+ PLC3
) ! "0+0+ .(K1



0X z"*/# B ' 4X T2 ZE3 g+I+X 4J + 4aED/
J [Q2B g W# MI3/ Q++ S 40D $ %*I+ PLC
3 ) ! "0+0+ (K2 ) 4X(.

g+X / -+I %W# S  MI3/B z"*/+X I 1 % ' I 1


4XE3 ZJ+X 4 g+I + S 4"+J % + TT1B g W#Q+
 MI3/  * 4/5 * 00 5 V# Z eD G :4#b

B z"*/# ' 4XT1 ZE3 g+I+X 4J+ S 4"J %+[Q1


B g W# MI3/ Q++ S 40D $ %*I+ PLC3 )!
"0+0+ .(K1
B z"*/# ' 4X T2 ZE3 P&+X 4J + 4"J %+
[Q2B g W# Q+ + 40D $ %*I+ PLC3) !
"0+0+ (K2 ) 4X(.

-  
PLC,S   /" " # (' & 
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1- MODERN REFRIGERATION AND, AIR CONDITIONING


By: Althouse/Turnquist /Bracciano
2- PRINCIPLE OF REFRIGERATION
By: R.Waren Marsh / C.Thomas Olivo
3- ELECTRICAL DESIGN ESTIMATING AND COSTING
By: K.B.Raina / S.K.Bhattacharya
4- BASICS OF FRACTIONAL HORSEPOWER MOTORS AND REPAIR
By: Gerald Schweitzer
5- BASIC ELECTRICITY
By: Van Valkenburgh / Nooger / Neville / Inc
6- ELECTRICITY FOR REFRIGERATION , HEATING , AND AIR
CONDITIONING
By: Russell E.Smith
7- ELECTRICAL POWER TECHNOLOGY
INVESTIGATIONS IN ELECTRIC POWER TECHNOLOGY .
Lab-Volt
8- REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY.
William C.Whitman / William M.Johnson
9- PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
By: John W . Webb . Ronald A . Reis
10- PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
OPERATION AND APPLICATION
By: Ian G . Warnock
11- AUTOMATING MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
WITH PLC'S
By: Hugh Jack
12- PRGRAMABLE AND CONTROLLERS
THEORY AND IMPLEMETION
By: L.A Bryan / E.A Bryan
13- DIGITAL DESIGN
By: Morris Mano

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