8/31/2016 AerialphotographyWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Aerialphotography
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Aerialphotographyisthetakingofphotographsofthegroundfromanelevated/directdownposition.Usuallythecamera
isnotsupportedbyagroundbasedstructure.Platformsforaerialphotographyincludefixedwingaircraft,helicopters,
unmannedaerialvehicles(UAVsor"drones"),balloons,blimpsanddirigibles,rockets,pigeons,kites,parachutes,stand
alonetelescopingandvehiclemountedpoles.Mountedcamerasmaybetriggeredremotelyorautomaticallyhandheld
photographsmaybetakenbyaphotographer.

Aerialphotographyshouldnotbeconfusedwithairtoairphotography,whereoneormoreaircraftareusedaschaseplanes
that"chase"andphotographotheraircraftinflight.

Anaerialphotographusingadroneof
Contents WesterheversandLighthouse,
Germany.
1 History
1.1 Earlyhistory
1.2 WorldWarI
1.3 Commercialaerialphotography
1.4 WorldWarII
2 Uses
3 Platforms
3.1 Aircraft
3.2 Radiocontrolledmodelaircraft
4 Regulations
4.1 Australia
4.2 UnitedStates
5 Types Airphotoofamilitarytargetusedto
5.1 Oblique evaluatetheeffectofbombing.
5.2 Vertical
5.3 Combinations
5.4 Orthophotos
6 Aerialvideo
7 Seealso
8 References
9 Furtherreading
10 Externallinks
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History
Earlyhistory

AerialphotographywasfirstpracticedbytheFrenchphotographerandballoonistGaspardFlixTournachon,knownas"Nadar",in
1858overParis,France.[1]However,thephotographsheproducednolongerexistandthereforetheearliestsurvivingaerial
photographistitled'Boston,astheEagleandtheWildGooseSeeIt.'TakenbyJamesWallaceBlackandSamuelArcherKingon
October13,1860,itdepictsBostonfromaheightof630m.[2][3]

KiteaerialphotographywaspioneeredbyBritishmeteorologistE.D.Archibaldin1882.He
usedanexplosivechargeonatimertotakephotographsfromtheair.[4]FrenchmanArthur
Batutbeganusingkitesforphotographyin1888,andwroteabookonhismethodsin
1890.[5][6]SamuelFranklinCodydevelopedhisadvanced'ManlifterWarKite'and
succeededininterestingtheBritishWarOfficewithitscapabilities.

Thefirstuseofamotionpicturecameramountedtoaheavierthanairaircrafttookplaceon
April24,1909overRomeinthe3:28silentfilmshort,WilburWrightundseine HonorDaumier,"Nadar
Antiquepostcardusingkitephoto Flugmaschine. levantlaPhotographiela
technique. hauteurdel'Art"(Nadar
WorldWarI elevatingPhotographyto
Art),publishedinLe
Theuseofaerialphotographyrapidlymaturedduringthewar,asreconnaissanceaircraftwereequippedwithcamerastorecord Boulevard,May25,1862.
enemymovementsanddefences.Atthestartoftheconflict,theusefulnessofaerialphotographywasnotfullyappreciated,with
reconnaissancebeingaccomplishedwithmapsketchingfromtheair.

Germanyadoptedthefirstaerialcamera,aGrz,in1913.TheFrenchbeganthewarwithseveralsquadronsofBlriotobservationaircraftequippedwithcameras
forreconnaissance.TheFrenchArmydevelopedproceduresforgettingprintsintothehandsoffieldcommandersinrecordtime.

FrederickCharlesVictorLawsstartedaerialphotographyexperimentsin1912withNo.1SquadronoftheRoyalFlyingCorps(laterNo.1SquadronRAF),taking
photographsfromtheBritishdirigibleBeta.Hediscoveredthatverticalphotostakenwith60%overlapcouldbeusedtocreateastereoscopiceffectwhenviewed
inastereoscope,thuscreatingaperceptionofdepththatcouldaidincartographyandinintelligencederivedfromaerialimages.TheRoyalFlyingCorpsrecon
pilotsbegantousecamerasforrecordingtheirobservationsin1914andbytheBattleofNeuveChapellein1915,theentiresystemofGermantrencheswasbeing
photographed.[7]In1916theAustroHungarianMonarchymadeverticalcameraaxisaerialphotosaboveItalyformapmaking.

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ThefirstpurposebuiltandpracticalaerialcamerawasinventedbyCaptainJohn
MooreBrabazonin1915withthehelpoftheThorntonPickardcompany,greatly
enhancingtheefficiencyofaerialphotography.Thecamerawasinsertedintothe
flooroftheaircraftandcouldbetriggeredbythepilotatintervals.MooreBrabazon
alsopioneeredtheincorporationofstereoscopictechniquesintoaerialphotography,
allowingtheheightofobjectsonthelandscapetobediscernedbycomparing
photographstakenatdifferentangles.[8][9]

Bytheendofthewaraerialcamerashaddramaticallyincreasedinsizeandfocal
powerandwereusedincreasinglyfrequentlyastheyprovedtheirpivotalmilitary Gizapyramidcomplex,photographed
worthby1918bothsideswerephotographingtheentirefronttwiceaday,andhad fromEduardSpelterini'sballoonon
takenoverhalfamillionphotossincethebeginningoftheconflict.InJanuary1918, November21,1904
AGermanobservationplane,the
GeneralAllenbyusedfiveAustralianpilotsfromNo.1SquadronAFCto
RumplerTaube.
photographa624squaremiles(1,620km2)areainPalestineasanaidtocorrecting
andimprovingmapsoftheTurkishfront.Thiswasapioneeringuseofaerialphotographyasanaidforcartography.
LieutenantsLeonardTaplin,AllanRuncimanBrown,H.L.Fraser,EdwardPatrickKenny,andL.W.Rogersphotographedablockoflandstretchingfromthe
Turkishfrontlines32miles(51km)deepintotheirrearareas.Beginning5January,theyflewwithafighterescorttowardoffenemyfighters.UsingRoyal
AircraftFactoryBE.12andMartinsydeairplanes,theynotonlyovercameenemyairattacks,butalsohadtocontendwith65mph(105km/h)winds,antiaircraft
fire,andmalfunctioningequipmenttocompletetheirtask.[10]

Commercialaerialphotography

ThefirstcommercialaerialphotographycompanyintheUKwasAerofilmsLtd,foundedbyWorldWarIveteransFrancisWillsandClaudeGrahamWhitein
1919.ThecompanysoonexpandedintoabusinesswithmajorcontractsinAfricaandAsiaaswellasintheUK.OperationsbeganfromtheStagLaneAerodrome
atEdgware,usingtheaircraftoftheLondonFlyingSchool.SubsequentlytheAircraftManufacturingCompany(latertheDeHavillandAircraftCompany),hired
anAircoDH.9alongwithpilotentrepreneurAlanCobham.[11]

From1921,Aerofilmscarriedoutverticalphotographyforsurveyandmappingpurposes.Duringthe1930s,thecompanypioneeredthescienceof
photogrammetry(mappingfromaerialphotographs),withtheOrdnanceSurveyamongstthecompany'sclients.[12]

AnothersuccessfulpioneerofthecommercialuseofaerialphotographywastheAmericanShermanFairchildwhostartedhisownaircraftfirmFairchildAircraft
todevelopandbuildspecializedaircraftforhighaltitudeaerialsurveymissions.[13]OneFairchildaerialsurveyaircraftin1935carriedunitthatcombinedtwo
synchronizedcameras,andeachcamerahavingfivesixinchlenseswithateninchlensesandtookphotosfrom23,000feet.Eachphotocoveredtwohundredand
twentyfivesquaremiles.OneofitsfirstgovernmentcontractswasanaerialsurveyofNewMexicotostudysoilerosion.[14]Ayearlater,Fairchildintroduceda
betterhighaltitudecamerawithninelensinoneunitthatcouldtakeaphotoof600squaremileswitheachexposurefrom30,000feet.[15]

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WorldWarII

In1939SidneyCottonandFlyingOfficerMauriceLongbottomoftheRAFwereamongthefirsttosuggestthatairborne
reconnaissancemaybeataskbettersuitedtofast,smallaircraftwhichwouldusetheirspeedandhighserviceceilingto
avoiddetectionandinterception.Althoughthisseemsobviousnow,withmodernreconnaissancetasksperformedbyfast,
highflyingaircraft,atthetimeitwasradicalthinking.

TheyproposedtheuseofSpitfireswiththeirarmamentandradiosremovedandreplacedwithextrafuelandcameras.This
ledtothedevelopmentoftheSpitfirePRvariants.Spitfiresprovedtobeextremelysuccessfulintheirreconnaissancerole
NewYorkCity1930,aerial
andthereweremanyvariantsbuiltspecificallyforthatpurpose.TheyservedinitiallywithwhatlaterbecameNo.1 photographofFairchildAerial
PhotographicReconnaissanceUnit(PRU).In1928,theRAFdevelopedanelectricheatingsystemfortheaerialcamera. SurveysInc.
Thisallowedreconnaissanceaircrafttotakepicturesfromveryhighaltitudeswithoutthecamerapartsfreezing.[16]Based
atRAFMedmenham,thecollectionandinterpretationofsuchphotographsbecameaconsiderableenterprise.[17]

Cotton'saerialphotographswerefaraheadoftheirtime.Togetherwithothermembersofthe1PRU,hepioneeredthe
techniquesofhighaltitude,highspeedstereoscopicphotographythatwereinstrumentalinrevealingthelocationsofmany
crucialmilitaryandintelligencetargets.AccordingtoR.V.Jones,photographswereusedtoestablishthesizeandthe
characteristiclaunchingmechanismsforboththeV1flyingbombandtheV2rocket.Cottonalsoworkedonideassuchas
aprototypespecialistreconnaissanceaircraftandfurtherrefinementsofphotographicequipment.Atthepeak,theBritish
flewover100reconnaissanceflightsaday,yielding50,000imagesperdaytointerpret.Similareffortsweretakenbyother
countries.
SidneyCotton'sLockheed12A,in
whichhemadeahighspeed
Uses reconnaissanceflightin1940.

Aerialphotographyisusedincartography[18](particularlyinphotogrammetricsurveys,whichareoftenthebasisfor
topographicmaps[19][20]),landuseplanning,[18]archaeology,[18]movieproduction,environmentalstudies,[21]powerline
inspection,[22]surveillance,commercialadvertising,conveyancing,andartisticprojects.Anexampleofhowaerial
photographyisusedinthefieldofarchaeologyisthemappingprojectdoneatthesiteAngkorBoreiinCambodiafrom
19951996.Usingaerialphotography,archaeologistswereabletoidentifyarchaeologicalfeatures,including112water
features(reservoirs,artificiallyconstructedpoolsandnaturalponds)withinthewalledsiteofAngkorBorei.[23]Inthe
UnitedStates,aerialphotographsareusedinmanyPhaseIEnvironmentalSiteAssessmentsforpropertyanalysis.

Platforms Abalonepoint..IrvineCove,Laguna
Beachanexampleoflowaltitude
aerialphotography
Aircraft
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Fullsize,mannedaircraftareprohibitedfromflightsunder1000feet,overcongestedareasand500feetabovemoresparselypopulatedlocations.[24]

Radiocontrolledmodelaircraft

Advancesinradiocontrolledmodelshavemadeitpossibleformodelaircrafttoconductlowaltitudeaerialphotography.
Thishadbenefitedrealestateadvertising,wherecommercialandresidentialpropertiesarethephotographicsubjectwhen
in2014theUSFederalCommunicationsCommission,issuedanorderbanningtheuseof"Drones"inanycommercial
applicationrelatedtophotographsforuseinrealestateadvertisement's.[25]Smallscalemodelaircraftofferincreased
photographicaccesstothesepreviouslyrestrictedareas.Miniaturevehiclesdonotreplacefullsizeaircraft,asfullsize
aircraftarecapableoflongerflighttimes,higheraltitudes,andgreaterequipmentpayloads.Theyare,however,usefulin
anysituationinwhichafullscaleaircraftwouldbedangeroustooperate.Exampleswouldincludetheinspectionof
transformersatoppowertransmissionlinesandslow,lowlevelflightoveragriculturalfields,bothofwhichcanbe
accomplishedbyalargescaleradiocontrolledhelicopter.Professionalgrade,gyroscopicallystabilizedcameraplatforms
areavailableforuseundersuchamodelalargemodelhelicopterwitha26ccgasolineenginecanhoistapayloadof
approximatelysevenkilograms(15lbs).Inadditiontogyroscopicallystabilizedfootage,theuseofRCcoptersasreliable Adronecarryingacameraforaerial
aerialphotographytoolsincreasedwiththeintegrationofFPV(firstpersonview)technology.Manyradiocontrolled photography
aircraftarenowcapableofutilizingWiFitostreamlivevideofromtheaircraft'scamerabacktothepilot'sground
station.[26]

Regulations
Australia

InAustraliaCivilAviationSafetyRegulation101(CASR101)[27]allowsforcommercialuseofradiocontrolaircraft.
UndertheseregulationsradiocontrolledunmannedaircraftforcommercialarereferredtoasUnmannedAircraftSystems Twodronesthatcanbeusedtotake
(UAS),whereasradiocontrolledaircraftforrecreationalpurposesarereferredtoasmodelaircraft.UnderCASR101, aerialphotographs
businesses/personsoperatingradiocontrolledaircraftcommerciallyarerequiredtoholdanoperatorcertificate,justlike
mannedaircraftoperators.Pilotsofradiocontrolledaircraftoperatingcommerciallyarealsorequiredtobelicensedbythe
CivilAviationSafetyAuthority(CASA).[28]WhilstasmallUASandmodelaircraftmayactuallybeidentical,unlikemodelaircraft,aUASmayentercontrolled
airspacewithapproval,andoperatewithincloseproximitytoanaerodrome.

DuetoanumberofillegaloperatorsinAustraliamakingfalseclaimsofbeingapproved,CASAmaintainsandpublishesalistofapprovedUASoperators.[29]

HoweverCASAhasmodifiedtheregulationsandfromthe29thofSeptember2016dronesunder2kgmaybeoperatedforcommercialpurposes.Thismakesalot
ofsenseincreatingamorecompetitivemarketplaceforbasicservicessuchasaerialphotography(http://melbourneaerialvideo.com.au)intherealestateindustry
andfarming.
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UnitedStates

Recent(2006)FAAregulationsgroundingallcommercialRCmodelflightshavebeenupgradedtorequireformalFAAcertificationbeforepermissionisgranted
toflyatanyaltitudeintheUS.

June25,2014,TheFAA,inruling14CFRPart91[DocketNo.FAA20140396]"InterpretationoftheSpecialRuleforModelAircraft",bannedthecommercial
useofunmannedaircraftoverU.S.airspace.[30]OnSeptember26,2014,theFAAbegangrantingtherighttousedronesinaerialfilmmaking.Operatorsare
requiredtobelicensedpilotsandmustkeepthedroneinviewatalltimes.Dronescannotbeusedtofilminareaswherepeoplemightbeputatrisk.[31]

OnFebruary14,2012,thePresidentsignedintolawtheFAAModernizationandReformActof2012(Pub.L.11295)(theAct),whichestablished,inSection
336,aspecialruleformodelaircraft.InSection336,CongressconfirmedtheFAAslongstandingpositionthatmodelaircraftareaircraft.Underthetermsofthe
Act,amodelaircraftisdefinedas"anunmannedaircraft"thatis"(1)capableofsustainedflightintheatmosphere(2)flownwithinvisuallineofsightofthe
personoperatingtheaircraftand(3)flownforhobbyorrecreationalpurposes."[32]

BecauseanythingcapableofbeingviewedfromapublicspaceisconsideredoutsidetherealmofprivacyintheUnitedStates,aerialphotographymaylegally
documentfeaturesandoccurrencesonprivateproperty.[33]

TheFAAcanpursueenforcementactionagainstpersonsoperatingmodelaircraftwhoendangerthesafetyofthenationalairspacesystem.PublicLaw11295,
section336(b).[25]

Types
Oblique

Photographstakenatananglearecalledobliquephotographs.Iftheyaretakenfromalowangleearthsurfaceaircraft,
theyarecalledlowobliqueandphotographstakenfromahighanglearecalledhighorsteepoblique.[34]

Vertical

Verticalphotographsaretakenstraightdown.[35]Theyaremainlyusedinphotogrammetryandimageinterpretation.
Picturesthatwillbeusedinphotogrammetryaretraditionallytakenwithspeciallargeformatcameraswithcalibratedand
documentedgeometricproperties.
ObliqueAerialPhoto
Combinations

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Aerialphotographsareoftencombined.Dependingontheirpurposeitcanbedoneinseveral
ways,ofwhichafewarelistedbelow.

VerticalOrientationAerialPhoto
Panoramascanbemadebystitchingseveralphotographstakenwithonehandheldcamera.
Inpictometryfiverigidlymountedcamerasprovideoneverticalandfourlowobliquepictures
thatcanbeusedtogether.
Insomedigitalcamerasforaerialphotogrammetryimagesfromseveralimagingelements,
sometimeswithseparatelenses,aregeometricallycorrectedandcombinedtooneimageinthe
camera.

Orthophotos

Verticalphotographsareoftenusedtocreateorthophotos,alternativelyknownasorthophotomaps,photographswhichhavebeen Anaerialphotographer
geometrically"corrected"soastobeusableasamap.Inotherwords,anorthophotoisasimulationofaphotographtakenfroman preparescontinuous
infinitedistance,lookingstraightdowntonadir.Perspectivemustobviouslyberemoved,butvariationsinterrainshouldalsobe obliqueshootingina
correctedfor.Multiplegeometrictransformationsareappliedtotheimage,dependingontheperspectiveandterraincorrections Cessna206
requiredonaparticularpartoftheimage.

Orthophotosarecommonlyusedingeographicinformationsystems,suchasareusedbymappingagencies(e.g.OrdnanceSurvey)tocreatemaps.Oncethe
imageshavebeenaligned,or"registered",withknownrealworldcoordinates,theycanbewidelydeployed.

Largesetsoforthophotos,typicallyderivedfrommultiplesourcesanddividedinto"tiles"(eachtypically256x256pixelsinsize),arewidelyusedinonlinemap
systemssuchasGoogleMaps.OpenStreetMapofferstheuseofsimilarorthophotosforderivingnewmapdata.GoogleEarthoverlaysorthophotosorsatellite
imageryontoadigitalelevationmodeltosimulate3Dlandscapes.

Example

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AerialViewColonius AtlanticCityAerial AerialViewHotel Aerialphotography Aerialphotography AerialViewTennis

CarreKln,Germany Photography MggelseeinBerlin Melatencemetery Hrth clubReadGreenWhite
Cologne 1927,Germany

Aerialvideo
Withadvancementsinvideotechnology,aerialvideoisbecomingmorepopular.Orthogonalvideoisshotfromaircraft
mappingpipelines,cropfields,andotherpointsofinterest.UsingGPS,videomaybeembeddedwithmetadataandlater
syncedwithavideomappingprogram.

This"SpatialMultimedia"isthetimelyunionofdigitalmediaincludingstillphotography,motionvideo,stereo,panoramic
imagerysets,immersivemediaconstructs,audio,andotherdatawithlocationanddatetimeinformationfromtheGPSand
otherlocationdesigns.
TheCliffsofMoher,filmedwitha
AerialvideosareemergingSpatialMultimediawhichcanbeusedforsceneunderstandingandobjecttracking.Theinput
drone(2014)
videoiscapturedbylowflyingaerialplatformsandtypicallyconsistsofstrongparallaxfromnongroundplanestructures.
Theintegrationofdigitalvideo,globalpositioningsystems(GPS)andautomatedimageprocessingwillimprovethe
accuracyandcosteffectivenessofdatacollectionandreduction.Severaldifferentaerialplatformsareunderinvestigationforthedatacollection.

Seealso
Aerialarchaeology
Aeriallandscapeart
Aerialphotographerscategory
AerofilmsLtd.,thefirstcommercialaerialphotographycompanyintheUK,foundedin1919
AirborneRealtimeCueingHyperspectralEnhancedReconnaissance
Astrocam
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Aviationphotography
BattleofNeuveChapelle
DouglasDouglasHamilton,14thDukeofHamilton1932photoflightoverMountEverest
EnglishHeritageArchivethepublicarchiveofEnglishHeritage,whoholdoneofthelargestcollectionsofaerialphotographsofEngland
FairchildK20AWWIIeraaerialcamera
FederalAviationRegulations
Geoinformatics
HarveyLloyd(photographer)
Kiteaerialphotography
Oraclemodelphotographicrocket
Pictometry
Pigeonphotography
Photogrammetry
Remotesensing
Satelliteimagery
TopoFlight
Unmannedaerialvehicle

References
1.HistoryofAerialPhotography(http://www.papainternational.org/history.html)
ProfessionalAerialPhotographersAssociation(retrievedDecember21,2007)
2.RonGrahamandRogerE.Read,ManualofAerialPhotography,Londonand
Boston,FocalPress,ISBN0240512294
3.Staffwriter(April3,2013)."ThisPictureofBoston,Circa1860,IstheWorld's
OldestSurvivingAerialPhoto".SmithsonianMagazine.RetrievedApril17,2013.
4.Archibald,Douglas(1897)."TheStoryoftheEarth'sAtmosphere"(https://books.
google.com/books?id=si7J_vmz76QC).p.174.Retrieved20110416.
5.Benton,Cris(June25,2010)."TheFirstKitePhotographs".
arch.ced.berkeley.edu.Retrieved20110416.
6."ArthurBatutMuseum"(inFrench).Retrieved20080108.
7."ABriefHistoryofAerialPhotography".
8."RoyalFlyingCorpsFounded".HistoryToday.
9.MarshallCavendishCorporation(2003).HowItWorks:ScienceandTechnology.
MarshallCavendish.p.33.
10."LieutenantLeonardT.E.Taplin,D.F.C".Southsearepublic.org.Retrieved
20130124.
11.http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/585816/
12."MunicipalAirSurveys.ContractsFromDoncasterAndBirkenhead".TheTimes.
issue:44229,column:E.Gale:TheTimesdigitalarchive17851985.25March
1926.p.11.Retrieved30August2012.(subscriptionrequired)
13.TheCompleteEncyclopediaofWorldAircraft.1997.p.382.ISBN076070592
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14."WideAreaIsMappedFromAirByGiantTenLensCamera"Popular
Mechanics,October1935(https://books.google.com/books?id=wN8DAAAAMBA
J&pg=PA535&dq=Popular+Science+1935+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&hl
=en&ei=aJgvTv3XKdSgsQLVyIRv&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9
&sqi=2&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q&f=true)editorshavestated
FairchildAircraftinhandwrittencommenttoleftofarchivedarticle
15."NineLensAerialCameraFilms600SquareMiles"''PopularMechanics'',April
1936.Books.google.com.Retrieved20130124.
16."PhotographyBeforeEdgerton".
17.Cotton,Sidney(1969).AviatorExtraordinary:TheSidneyCottonStory.Chatto&
Windus.p.169.ISBN0701113340.
18."AerialPhotographyandRemoteSensing".UniversityofColoradoBoulder.2011.
RetrievedMarch25,2011.

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19.Mills,J.P.etal.(1997)."PhotogrammetryfromArchivedDigitalImageryfor
SealMonitoring".ThePhotogrammetricRecord.15(89):715724.
doi:10.1111/0031868X.00080.
20.Twiss,S.D.etal.(2001)."Topographicspatialcharacterisationofgreyseal
Halichoerusgrypusbreedinghabitatatasubsealsizespatialgrain".Ecography.
24(3):257266.doi:10.1111/j.16000587.2001.tb00198.x.
21.Stewart,J.E.etal.(2014)."Finescaleecologicalnichemodelingprovides
evidencethatlactatinggrayseals(Halichoerusgrypus)preferaccesstofreshwater
inordertodrink".MarineMammalScience.30(4):14561472.
doi:10.1111/mms.12126.
22.YanG.etal.(2007)."Automaticextractionofpowerlinesfromaerialimages",
IEEEGeoscienceandRemoteSensingLetters,4(3):387391.(http://ieeexplore.iee
e.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=4271471)
23.Stark,M.T.,Griffin,P.,Phoeurn,C.,Ledgerwood,J.,Dega,M.,Mortland,C.,
...&Latinis,K.(1999).Resultsofthe19951996archaeologicalfield
investigationsatAngkorBorei,Cambodia.AsianPerspectives38(1)
24.UnitedStatesFederalAviationRegulationsFARpart91section
119(14CFR91.119)
25.http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR20140625/pdf/201414948.pdf
26."DronePhotography".DroneLifestyle.
27."CivilAviationSafetyRegulations1998".AustralianCivilAviationSafety
Authority.20021219.Retrieved20130124.
28."CivilAviationSafetyAuthority".AustralianCivilAviationSafetyAuthority.
20021219.Retrieved20130124.
29."ListofUASOperatorCertificateHolders".AustralianCivilAviationSafety
Authority.Retrieved20130124.
30.http://www.dailytech.com/Court+Rules+that+FAA+Cannot+Ban+Commercial+Drones+Di
31."U.S.TransportationSecretaryFoxxAnnouncesFAAExemptionsforCommercial
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33.Californiav.Ciraolo,476U.S.206(1986)
34."Lecture6.1:ClassificationofPhotographs".TheRemoteSensingCore
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35.Short,Nicholas(20100428)."ElementsofAerialPhotography".RemoteSensing
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Retrieved20110325.

Furtherreading
Price,Alfred(2003).TargetingtheReich:AlliedPhotographicReconnaissanceoverEurope,19391945.[S.l.]:MilitaryBookClub.N.B.:Firstpublished
2003byGreenhillBooks,London.ISBN0739434969

Externallinks

WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoAerial
Aerialphotographyandremotesensing(http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/remote/remote_f.html) photographs.
INTERACTIVEMAPOFDrone"RestrictionAreas"(http://www.dailydot.com/politics/nodroneflightmap/)
CaliforniaCoastalRecordsProject(http://www.californiacoastline.org/)
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Bird'seyeviewoftheDelawareValley(http://www.hagley.org/library/exhibits/dallinexhibit/)bytheDallinAerial
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HistoricalAerialPhotographsofNewYork(http://aerialny.library.cornell.edu),CornellUniversityLibrary&CornellInstituteforResourceInformation
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NationalCollectionofAerialPhotography(http://ncap.org.uk/)TheofficialarchiveofBritishGovernmentdeclassifiedaerialphotography.
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HistoryofAerialphotosbyKiteKAP(http://www.wokipi.com/decouverte/aerialpicture.html)
AerialPhotographicTechniquesSuitableforChildren(http://www.armadale.org.uk/aerialtechniquesforchildren.htm)
GraberCollectionofFloridaAerialPhotographs(http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?g23)attheUniversityofSouthFlorida(http://lib.usf.edu)

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