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For other uses, see Twentieth century (disambiguation). on June 15, 1938, when it got streamlined equipment, it
The 20th Century Limited was an express passenger ran the 958 miles in 16 hours, departing New York City at
6:00 P.M. Eastern Time and arriving at Chicagos LaSalle
Street Station the following morning at 9:00 A.M. Cen-
tral Time, averaging 60 miles per hour (97 km/h).[3] For a
few years after World War II, the eastward schedule was
shortened to 15 hours.
Its style was described as spectacularly understated ...
suggesting exclusivity and sophistication.[4]:4849 Passen-
gers walked to the train on a crimson carpet which was
rolled out in New York and Chicago and was designed
for the 20th Century Limited. Getting the red carpet
treatment passed into the language from this memorable
practice.[5] Transportation historians, said the writers
of The Art of the Streamliner, consistently rate the 1938
edition of the Century to be the worlds ultimate passen-
ger conveyanceat least on the ground.[4]:46
1 History
Inaugurated on June 17, 1902, by patent medicine sales-
man turned passenger agent George Henry Daniels, the
train oered a barbershop and secretarial services.[6] The
train arrived in Chicago three minutes ahead of schedule;
the schedule was twenty hours, four hours less than be-
fore. The New York Times report laid great stress on
the routine nature of the trip, with no special procedures
being followed and no extra eorts being made to break
records. It stated that there "...was no excitement along
the way, and quoted a railroad ocials claim "...it is a
perfectly practical run and will be continued, and engi-
neer William Gates maintaining This schedule can be
made without any diculty. I can do it every time, bar-
ring accidents.[6]
The streamlined 20th Century Limited departing Chicago, 1938
The schedule dropped to 18 hours in June 1905, the same
train on the New York Central Railroad (NYC) from month that the train was wrecked (June 21, 1905) on the
1902 to 1967, advertised as The Most Famous Train in Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway line at Mentor,
the World.[1] In the year of its last run, The New York Ohio. It reverted to 20 hours in 1912 and was unchanged
Times said that it "...was known to railroad bus for 65 until 1932. In 1935 it dropped to 16 hours, 30 minutes,
years as the worlds greatest train.[2] The train traveled then to 16 hours on June 15, 1938, when lightweight cars
between Grand Central Terminal (GCT) in New York took over.
City and LaSalle Street Station in Chicago, Illinois, along Regular passengers included Theodore Roosevelt,
the railroads Water Level Route. William Jennings Bryan, Lillian Russell, Diamond Jim
The NYC inaugurated this train as competition to the Brady, J. P. Morgan, Enrico Caruso, and Nellie Melba.
Pennsylvania Railroad, aimed at upper class and busi- In the 1920s the New York-Chicago fare was $32.70 plus
ness travelers. It made few station stops along the way the extra fare of $9.60, plus the Pullman charge (e.g. $9
and used track pans to take water at speed. Beginning for a lower berth), for a total of $51.30. For that one got a
1
2 1 HISTORY
stamps (CDS) reading N.Y. & CHI. R.P.O. E.D. 20TH December 3, 1967: The 20th Century Limited is dis-
CEN.LTD. and the trains number: 25 (NY-CHI) or continued just before the merger of the New York
26 (CHI-NY). Central and the Pennsylvania Railroad that formed
In 1945 EMD diesel-electrics replaced steam, and a the Penn Central.
new diesel-electric-powered trainset was commissioned. August 26, 1999: The United States Postal Service
The replacement was inaugurated by General Dwight D. issues 33-cent All Aboard! 20th Century American
Eisenhower in September 1948. This set was featured in Trains commemorative stamps featuring ve cele-
postwar lms such as North by Northwest and The Band brated American passenger trains from the 1930s
Wagon. and 1940s. One of the ve stamps features an image
For much of its history before 1957, the all-Pullman of a streamlined J-3a steam locomotive leading the
train made station stops only at GCT and Harmon for 20th Century Limited out of the Chicago railyards
New Yorkarea passengers and LaSalle Street Station on its way to New York, with the Board of Trade
and Englewood for Chicago-area passengers. These trav- Building in the background.
eled in as many as seven sections, of which the rst was
named the Advance 20th Century Limited.[6] By the
late 1950s the train was in decline. On December 2, 1.2 Sample consists
1967, at 6:00 P.M., the half-full train left GCT, track
34 for the last time.[2] As always, carnations were given Eastbound train #38Advance 20th Century Limited, on
[10]
to men and perfume and owers to women boarding the February 7, 1930; Sampled at Chicago, Illinois.
train.[2] The next day, it arrived at LaSalle Street Station
in Chicago 9 hours 50 minutes late due to a freight de- Locomotive: J-1 Class (4-6-4 Hudson) steam loco-
railment near Conneaut, Ohio. motive; NYC #5270;
Amtrak now operates the Lake Shore Limited between Class CS Baggage-club car: NYC EAGLE
New Yorks Penn Station and Union Station in Chicago. HEIGHTS;
Otherwise it follows a route similar to the 20th Cen-
turys, except west of Whiting, Indiana (near Chicago), Class PS Sleeper (14-section): STAR VIEW;
where it switches to the former Pennsylvania Railroad's
Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway. Class PS Sleeper (8-section 1-drawing room 2-
compartment): SPRING GAP;
Class PS Sleeper (8-section 1-drawing room 2- Class J-3a (4-6-4 Husdon) steam locomotive: NYC
compartments): GLOVER GAP; 5450;
Westbound train #2520th Century Limited, on March Class PS Sleeper (10-roomettes 5-double bedroom):
17, 1938; Sampled at New York, New York[11] CASCADE WONDER;
Class PS Sleeper (6-section 6-double bedroom): Class PS Sleeper (4-double bedroom 4 compart-
POPLAR GROVE; ment 2-drawing room); IMPERIAL DOME;
Class PS Sleepers (13-double bedroom): PRINGLE Class PS Sleeper (13-double bedroom): HAMPDEN
HOUSE; COUNTY;
Class DKP Kitchen-Lounge Car: NYC 477; Lake Cities A competing train from New York to
Chicago by Erie Railroad (ERIE) and later the Erie
Class DE Dining Room Car: NYC 406; Lackawanna Railway (EL). Its route bypassed all
major cities.
Class PS Sleeper (10-roomette 6-double bedroom):
NYC 10171 CURRENT RIVER; Capitol Limited A competing train from New York
to Chicago via Washington, D. C. and Pittsburgh by
Class PS Sleeper (12-double bedroom): NYC
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (BO).
10511 PORT OF DETROIT;
The 20th Century Limited was the setting for a Broadway Cook, Sr., Richard J. (1993). The Twentieth Century
musical composed by Cy Coleman and written by Betty Limited. Lynchburg, Virginia: TLC Publishing.
Comden and Adolph Green entitled On the Twentieth Zimmermann, Karl R. (2002). 20th Century Lim-
Century, about the romantic complications of a beauti- ited. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0760314225.
ful actress and an egocentric producer/director. Madeline OCLC 55042088.
Kahn and John Cullum starred in the award-winning
production (ve Tony Awards out of nine nominations), McGonigal, Robert S. (2016). Great Trains East.
whose spectacular production design featured both the Waukesha, Wisconsin: Kalmbach Publishing.
6 5 EXTERNAL LINKS
[4] Johnston, Bob; Joe Welsh; Mike Schafer (2001). The Art
of the Streamliner. New York: Metro Books. ISBN 1-
58663-146-2. OCLC 47274004.
[8] Little, W.F.; Salter, E.H. (May 1959). Lighting for the
Past 25 Years and the Future. Electrical Engineering.
IEEE. 78 (5). doi:10.1109/EE.1959.6432563. Retrieved
June 15, 2014.
5 External links
20th Century Limited
6.2 Images
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