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Recall that:
Population the target of interest
Sample subset of population
Hypothesis assumption
Null hypothesis (Ho)
- assumes no difference with the hypothesized parameter
- the temporary conclusion until proven false
- always carries the equal sign
Alternative hypothesis (Ha)
- expresses difference with the hypothesized parameter
- has to be proven as true
- carries the inequality sign < or > (for one-tailed tests) or (for two-tailed tests)
Level of significance ()
- a pre-determined probability value that a researcher wants in committing a maximum error upon stating
the conclusion
- sets the rejection area of the distribution, where conclusion will be based
- usually, values are = 0.01, = 0.05, and = 0.10
- = 1 confidence interval
Given the following research questions involving tests of single mean, determine whether it leads to a one
or two-tailed test. State Ho and Ha.
is known is unknown
Z-test for single mean t-test for single mean
!!! !!!
= ! =! , where degrees of freedom (df) = n 1
! !
EXAMPLES:
1. Suppose that a researcher has conducted a study to determine if the mean weight of the 12-year old boys in
his town is 80 lbs. He randomly selected 50 12-year old boys and found a mean weight of 77 lbs. If the
population standard deviation is known to be 9 lbs, can he conclude that the mean weight of the 12-year old
boys in his town is not equal to 80 lbs? Test at = 0.05.
Hypotheses:
Ho: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Ha: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Test statistic: _____________ p-value: ___________________
Hypotheses:
Ho: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Ha: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Test statistic: _____________ p-value: ___________________
Hypotheses:
Ho: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Ha: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Test statistic: _____________ p-value: ___________________
4. [RBCdengue.sav] A study compares the complete blood count (CBC) of dengue patients with the normal
values. From 35 dengue patients, it was found that their mean RBC (in x1012/L) is 4.65 and standard
deviation of 0.57. Is there a reason to believe that the mean RBC of dengue patients do not differ with the
normal values [Assume that the RBC has normal values of 4.8 to 5.4 1012/L]? Test at = 0.05.
Hypotheses:
Ho: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Ha: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Test statistic: _____________ p-value: ___________________