Self-Assessment
1. Why does regulation of the transcriptome not always Short answer questions
necessarily agree with regulation of the proteome?
A. The transcriptome and proteome are assessed
through different analytical methods
B. Regulation of the transcriptome leads to differen-
tial metabolites, not proteins
C. Because of extensive post-transcriptional and
post-translational modifications
D. The process of translation is not very well
regulated
2. How can we assess functionality when applying
proteomics?
A. By comparison of transcriptomics and proteomics
results
B. By measuring the post-translational modifications
to proteins
C. By measuring which proteins are up- and
downregulated
D. By measuring the total amount of protein in the
proteome
3. Which of the following is incorrect?
A. Metabolomics is the study of small molecules
called metabolites
B. PCA is a supervised technique that requires prior
knowledge of class membership
C. An individuals metabolomics profile is influenced
by age, gender and BMI
D. Technologies used to measure metabolomics pro-
files include NMR, LC-MS and GC-MS
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions: 1(C), 2(B) and 3(B).
Nutrition Research Methodologies, First Edition. Edited by Julie A Lovegrove, Leanne Hodson, Sangita Sharma and Susan A Lanham-New.
2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
www.wiley.com/go/nutritionsociety
NRM Ch 13 web questions.indd 1
1. Describe two approaches to identifying new gene
nutrient interactions.
2. What are the most important considerations in terms
of designing a transcriptomic study?
3. Mention two or three important post-translational
modifications.
4. Which three important groups of proteins can be
found in the proteome?
5. Which two main approaches can be taken in
proteomics?
6. Outline data analysis approaches in metabolomics.
Essay titles
1. Describe the relative impact of genomics versus the
environment in diet-related monogenic versus poly-
genic diet-related conditions.
2. How do genomics, proteomics and metabolomics
technologies relate to one another, and why is it
important to get an understanding of mechanisms
using a combination of approaches?
3. Give an overview of the steps involved in a metabo-
lomics study. Describe how addition of a proteomics
and transcriptomics element can enhance the study.
4. If you wanted to find novel biomarkers for disease X,
what kind of studies would you perform and how
would you design such studies?
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