DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Factors affecting the design criteria:

These specific conditions of hot and tropical climate depend mainly on the following
considerations:

Physical comfort by day depends mainly on a reduction of intense radiation from

the sun, ground and the surrounding buildings.
Outside conditions are so hostile in this climate that both building and external
living spaces need to be protected, as much as possible, from the intense solar
radiations and the hot dusty winds.
During the day, ventilation should be kept minimum, necessary only when the
stored heat is to be dissipated.
Surface exposed to the sun should be reduced as much as possible.

COURTYARD
Introvert planning around courtyards helps in avoiding solar radiation by shading, besides
helping ventilation and allowing diffused light to all rooms- the central court is the hub of
many activities.

FACTORS AFFECTING VENTILATION

The chief reason for insufficient flow of air or the change of air is the absence of
suitable inlet for fresh air or escape from the warm vitiated air.
When the temperature difference induces ventilation the phenomenon is known as
stack effect and when the ventilation is by pressure difference the phenomenon is
known as WIND ACTION.
When the breeze -blows against the buildings, It establishes a zone of positive
pressure against the windward way and a corresponding zone of reduced pressure on
the leeward side of the building.
Therefore the pressure and air movement can be maintained through stably placed
openings, the air will be forced Inwards through the openings on the leeward side.
OUTDOOR SPACE

A courtyard is the most pleasant outdoor space for most of the year because it excludes
the wind and traps the sun.
 Pergolas carrying deciduous creepers may even cover the courtyard.

SURFACE TREATMENT

Surface expose to the sun during the hot and warm season should be light colour or of
shiny polished metal.
During cold season the heat of sun is important, therefore absorptive surfaces will be
required in place of shading and reflective surfaces of the hot seasons

LANDSCAPING

Deciduous trees provide shade in summer allow sun in winter. Creepers when used as
fence can shade the west wall.
Terrace garden or use of creepers can also be used on the roof to have insulate
property and minimize the heat gain
The location of trees should be according to the sun angle and azimuths so that they
provide proper shade and do not interfere with air movements.
The shade created by trees and the effect of grass and shrubs reduce air temperatures
adjoining the building and provide evaporative cooling.
Trees with high canopies and good spread can be used with advantage to shade the
roof and such trees should be located on the south-east, South- west position for better
efficiencies.
Trees with average spread can be used on east and west at a distance ranging between
20ft to 30ft from the building to cut low rays of the summer sun in late evening and
early morning.

LIGHTNING

Good lighting is necessary to enable work to be done efficiently and comfortably.

Tall windows admit light further into the room than the wide window, but gives rise to
greater glare.

ORIENTATION and LAYOUT

The building should be so positioned on the site that takes it advantage of prevailing
winds. The prevailing wind direction is from the south west during summer and north
 east during winters.
East and west openings need much bigger overhangs, which may not be possible and
can be achieved by porticos, or verandas, on these sides or by specially designed
louvers to suit the building requirements.
Maximum glazing on north. While recessed windows or shading devices on east or
west side of building.
Provide soft landscape around building and avoid high reflective road. The external
open spaces grass pavers and plants around the perimeter of the building to reduce
glare inside.
Central, open spaces landscape courtyard that will contribute towards keeping the
building cool during the summer months.
Thick vegetation around the building forms good buffer and help to keep the
surrounding shaded and cool the hot winds.
.

FINISHES

The external finish of a surface determines the amount of heat absorbed or reflected by it.
For example, a smooth and light colour surface reflects more light and heat in comparison
to a dark colour surface.

Hence there is need to adopt various energy efficient techniques in the building

Use renewable energy systems (solar photovoltaic systems/ solar water heating
systems) to meet a part of building load
Use low energy consuming or eco-friendly materials and reduce consumption of
energy.
MATERIALS Studied

Alucobond

Design elegance, stylish transitions, daring details & interesting surfaces, harmonious
back grounds, surprising effects caused by light and shape all of these & much more
can easily achieved with Alucobond composite panels.
This simple, but extremely versatile product concept has been developed to provide a
faade material with a host of advantage for architects.
Stable yet flexible, smooth surface, Shock resistant, Vibration absorbent, used in more
than 50000 building worldwide, Available in thickness of 3mm, 4mm and 6mm.
Alucobond offers outstanding protection from weather, withstands the effects of
industrial pollution, and serves energy.
It is lightweight, quick to install and easy to maintain. Available in a range of colour
and sizes.

Acrylite acrylic sheet

It is lightweight substitute for glass that has better optical quality and more is
economical. It provides low distortion and doesnt yellow after prolong exposure to
sun light. It also offers four times more impact resistance than sunlight.
Available colours: White (opaque and transparent), ivory, gray, bronze, Black, red,
orange, brown, amber violet, etc.
General application: Retail displays and fixtures, glazing, Signs, Picture frames,
Skylight, Windows etc.