*** Bi bo ng trn Tp ch Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn nm 2010, trang 80-83

NGHIN CU NH HNG CA NNG CHITOSAN

N CHT LNG V THI GIAN BO QUN
TRI BI OAN HNG (Citrus grandis Osbeck)
Nguyn c Tun1, H Quang Vit2, T Th Ma2

TM TT
Mc ch ca ti trnh by nghin cu ng dng mng chitosan trong bo qun qu bi oan Hng (Citrus
grandis Osbeck) sau thu hoch. Qu bi c x l dung dch chitosan nng t 1 2,5%, sau a vo
thng carton c l bo qun nhit phng (trung bnh 20oC). Kt qu nghin cu cho thy: nng chitosan
t 1 2,5% c tc dng gim ng k s bin i cht lng ca qu trong sut qu trnh bo qun. Bo qun
qu bi ti vi nng chitosan 1,5% cho t l hao ht khi lng t nhin ca qu thp nht, hm lng
vitamin C cao nht, cc ch tiu sinh ha khc ca qu t c s thay i so vi cc cng thc th nghim trong
ti. Vi nng dung dch chitosan 1,5% c th bo qun qu bi oan Hng trong vng 90 ngy vn cho cht
lng tt.
T kha: Chitosan, bo qun, cht lng, bi

I. T VN
Vi kh hu nhit i gi ma, Vit Nam thch hp vi nhiu loi cy n qu khc
nhau, trong nhm qu c mi c trng v thng mi khp c nc. Bi oan Hng l
loi qu c mi c sn ni ting ca Ph Th c nhiu ngi a thch bi hng thm c
trng v v ngt thun khit. Tuy nhin, qu bi ti rt d b tn tht trong qu trnh vn
chuyn v bo qun do cc hot ng sinh l, sinh ha v vi sinh vt... Thng thng, t l
tn tht sau thu hoch ca qu bi tng i ln, chim trn 20% (Nguyn Hu ng et al.,
2003). Trc tnh hnh , vic tm ra phng php bo qun cho tri bi oan Hng sau
thu hoch nhm ko di thi gian bo qun, gim tn tht v cht lng l vic lm rt cn
thit.
Nhng nghin cu trc y ch ra rng, chitosan - sn phm deaxetyl ho chitin -
c kh nng ko di thi gian bo qun, gim s thi hng v hao ht khi lng t nhin,
gim s h hp v sn sinh ethylene ca qu nho, du ty v mng ct (Sritananan, S. et al.,
2005). Mng chitosan cng c tc dng gip qu chanh ti lu, gim s nhn nheo v qu,
duy tr cht lng dinh dng v cm quan ca qu trong qu trnh bo qun (Nguyn Th
Bch Thy et al., 2008). Ngoi ra, chitosan d b phn hy, khng c hi, d s dng, an ton
vi con ngi v gia sc (Padimini Thumula, 2006).
Mc d c nhiu nghin cu v vic s dng cc loi mng trn nhm qu c mi
nhng cha c mt nghin cu c th no v s dng mng chitosan trn i tng bi
oan Hng sau thu hoch. V vy, vic tin hnh cc nghin cu thc nghim trn tri bi
oan Hng l ht sc cn thit. Bi bo ny trnh by kt qu nghin cu nh hng ca nng
chitosan p dng cho tri bi oan Hng nhm phc v thit thc cho tiu dng trong
nc v xut khu.

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ThS. Khoa CNSH v CNTP, i hc Nng Lm Thi Nguyn
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SV. 39BQCB, Khoa CNSH v CNTP, i hc Nng Lm Thi Nguyn
II. VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
1. Vt liu th nghim
Th nghim c tin hnh ti trng i hc Nng Lm Thi Nguyn. i tng
nghin cu l ging bi oan Hng (Citrus grandis Osbeck) trng ti huyn oan Hng,
tnh Ph Th. Qu bi c thu hi khi mu v qu chuyn t xanh n hi vng. Bi
c ct khi cy bng ko chuyn dng, ri bc giy mm, xp vo thng carton c lt rm
r v c vn chuyn v phng th nghim bng t trong thi gian ngn nht. Ti phng th
nghim, bi c phn loi, la chn qu c kch thc ng u ri ra nh di vi nc
my ang chy v ro ti nhit phng.
2. B tr th nghim
Th nghim c b tr ngu nhin hon ton vi 3 ln lp li, mi ln 20 qu. Bi sau
khi lm sch, ro c qut chitosan vi cc nng khc nhau nh sau:
Th t Cng thc th nghim Phng php x l Nng v cch x l
1 CT /C Khng x l -------------------
2 CT 1 X l Chitosan 1% qut u ln qu
3 CT 2 X l Chitosan 1,5% qut u ln qu
4 CT 3 X l Chitosan 2% qut u ln qu
5 CT 4 X l Chitosan 2,5% qut u ln qu
Bi sau khi x l c a vo thng carton c c l ( x l cn 950), bo qun
nhit phng (nhit trung bnh l 20oC). Tin hnh theo di nh k 30 ngy mt ln.
3. Cc phng php phn tch
3.1. Phng php xc nh t l hao ht khi lng t nhin
- T l hao ht khi lng t nhin c xc nh bng phng php cn khi lng
ca mu sau mi thi k theo di, ri tnh % hao ht so vi khi lng ban u ca mi cng
thc.
3.2. Phng php phn tch cc ch tiu ho sinh
- Xc nh hm lng ng tng s qua vic xc nh hm lng ng kh theo
phng php Bertrand.
- Xc nh hm lng acid hu c tng s bng phng php chun NaOH 0,1 N
vi ch th mu phenolphtalein.
- Xc nh hm lng vitamin C bng phng php chun Iod 0,01 N.
4. Phng php x l s liu
S liu th nghim c x l thng k bng phn mm IRRISTAT 5.0 v Microsoft
Excel.

III. KT QU V THO LUN

1. nh hng ca nng dung dch chitosan n t l hao ht khi lng t nhin ca
bi oan Hng trong qu trnh bo qun
Trong qu trnh tn tr bi, khi lng cht ti ca qu lun gim dn so vi lc
thu hoch (Bi M Trang, 2009). S gim khi lng t nhin lm cho qu ho, v kh, mu
sc bin i lm mt gi tr cm quan v gi tr kinh t.

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Bng 1. nh hng ca nng dung dch chitosan ti t l hao ht khi lng t nhin ca
bi oan Hng cc cng thc th nghim khc nhau
Thi gian bo qun T l hao ht khi lng t nhin (%)
(ngy)
Cng thc th nghim 0 30 60 90
CT /C 0.00 5,59 15,61 22,76
CT1 0.00 3,89 6,08 9,92
CT2 0.00 2,10 4,59 7,26
CT3 0.00 2,05 4,27 7,49
CT4 0.00 2,05 4,16 7,67
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy, khi lng t nhin ca bi gim dn theo thi gian
bo qun c cng thc th nghim v cng thc i chng. Tuy nhin, cng thc khng x
l chitosan c s hao ht khi lng cao nht (22,76% sau 90 ngy bo qun). Khi qu c
x l chitosan cc nng khc nhau c nh hng khc nhau n s hao ht khi lng t
nhin theo thi gian bo qun. Nguyn nhn l do nng chitosan khc nhau to ra lp
mng bao xung quanh qu khc nhau, t nh hng n tc thot hi nc v h hp
ca qu (Nguyn Th Bch Thy et al., 2008). Sau 90 ngy bo qun, vi nng chitosan
1,5% (CT2) c s hao ht khi lng t nhin thp nht (7,26%).
2. nh hng ca nng dung dch chitosan n s bin i cc ch tiu ha sinh ca
qu bi oan Hng trong qu trnh bo qun
2.1. nh hng ca nng chitosan n s bin i hm lng ng tng s (%) ca bi
oan Hng trong qu trnh bo qun
Hm lng ng tng s l mt ch tiu rt quan trng khi nh gi cht lng ca
bi ti trong qu trnh bo qun.
Bng 2. S bin i hm lng ng tng s ca bi oan Hng cc cng thc th
nghim khc nhau bo qun nhit phng
Thi gian bo qun Hm lng ng tng s (%)
(ngy)
Cng thc th nghim 0 30 60 90
CT /C 6,64 8,64d 11,99d 12,12c
CT1 6,64 7,35c 10,62c 10,87b
CT2 6,64 7,13b 10,47c 10,91b
CT3 6,64 7,11ab 9,52b 9,69a
CT4 6,64 6,93a 9,36a 9,63a
* Cc ch khc nhau trong cng mt ct biu th s khc nhau c ngha thng k mc P<0,05
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy, hm lng ng tng s cc cng thc th nghim khc
nhau l khc nhau cc giai on 30, 60 v 90 ngy bo qun tin cy 95%. Hm lng ng
tng s tng cao nht giai on 60 ngy sau bo qun, tng t 1,4 - 1,8 ln so vi hm lng
ng trong bi nguyn liu, cao nht l CT /C (11,99%) v thp nht l CT4 (9,36%). Sau 90
ngy bo qun, hm lng ng tng chm v n nh tt c cc cng thc th nghim. Kt qu
ny ph hp vi nghin cu ca mt s tc gi v qu c mi nh nghin cu ca Echeverria
E. v ng tc gi (1989) trn ging cam Valencia, Bi M Trang (2009) trn qu bi Din.
2.2. nh hng ca nng chitosan n s bin i hm lng acid hu c tng s (%) ca
bi oan Hng trong qu trnh bo qun

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 Acid hu c l thnh phn to cho rau qu c mi v c trng. Trong qu trnh bo
qun rau qu, hm lng acid hu c tng s thng gim i nhng ring tng acid c th
tng ln (V Thy Th et al., 2004), s bin i ny c nh hng khng nh n cht lng
qu trong qu trnh bo qun (Nguyn Th Bch Thy et al., 2008).
Bng 3. S bin i hm lng acid hu c tng s ca bi oan Hng cc cng thc th
nghim khc nhau bo qun nhit phng
Thi gian bo qun Hm lng acid hu c tng s (%)
(ngy)
Cng thc th nghim 0 30 60 90
CT /C 0,175 0,152a 0,149a 0,125a
CT1 0,175 0,155b 0,151b 0,145b
CT2 0,175 0,165c 0,161c 0,156c
CT3 0,175 0,169d 0,165d 0,155cd
CT4 0,175 0,170d 0,167e 0,160d
* Cc ch khc nhau trong cng mt ct biu th s khc nhau c ngha thng k mc P<0,05
Hm lng axit hu c tng s ca qu bi oan Hng giai on 0 ngy bo qun
t khong 0,175% khi lng ti. Sau hm lng acid hu c gim dn theo thi gian
bo qun tt c cc cng thc th nghim v cng thc i chng. Cc cng thc c x l
chitosan c hm lng acid hu c tng s cao hn so vi cng thc i chng. Sau 90 ngy
bo qun, gia CT /C, CT1, CT2 v CT4 c s khc nhau r rt v hm lng acid hu c
tng s ( = 0,05). iu ny c th l gii nh sau: acid hu c l nguyn liu trong qu trnh
h hp ca qu v mng chitosan c tc dng km hm qu trnh h hp, do lng acid mt
i ca bi khng bao mng s ln hn bi c bao mng.
2.3. nh hng ca nng chitosan n s bin i hm lng vitamin C (mg%) ca bi
oan Hng trong qu trnh bo qun
Vitamin C l ch tiu ha sinh quan trng nh gi cht lng ca bi sau thu hoch.
Hm lng vitamin C ca bi cao v gim dn theo thi gian tn tr. Phng php bo qun
tt s hn ch thp nht s gim hm lng vitamin C. S bin i hm lng vitamin C ca
bi oan Hng x l dung dch to mng chitosan cc nng khc nhau c th hin
bng 4.
Bng 4. S bin i ca hm lng vitamin C ca bi oan Hng cc cng thc th
nghim khc nhau bo qun nhit phng
Thi gian bo qun
Hm lng vitamin C (mg%)
(ngy)
Cng thc th nghim 0 30 60 90
a a
CT /C 73,7 60,81 44,66 41,62a
CT1 73,7 65,78c 56,89c 54,06c
CT2 73,7 66,81d 61,17d 58,97d
CT3 73,7 64,51b 56,09c 53,60c
CT4 73,7 69,01e 53,06b 48,95b
* Cc ch khc nhau trong cng mt ct biu th s khc nhau c ngha thng k mc P<0,05
Qua bng 4 cho thy, hm lng vitamin C gim dn trong thi gian bo qun. Sau 90
ngy, cng thc c x l nng 1,5% c hm lng vitamin C gim t nht (gim 14,73 mg%),
vitamin C gim nhiu nht cng thc i chng (gim 32,08 mg%) so vi bi nguyn liu. Nh

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vy, thi gian bo qun cng di th hm lng vitamin C trong qu cng thp. Kt qu ny ph
hp vi kt lun ca Nguyn Th Bch Thy v ng tc gi (2008) v Bi M Trang (2009).
Tuy nhin giai on 90 ngy bo qun, hm lng vitamin C khng c s khc bit gia
cng thc x l chitosan nng 1% v 2% ( = 0,05), cng thc x l chitosan nng
1,5% gi c hm lng vitamin C cao nht. Nh vy, nng chitosan khc nhau c nh
hng khc nhau n hm lng vitamin C ca qu bi oan Hng trong qu trnh bo qun.

IV. KT LUN
S dng mng chitosan cc nng t 1 2,5% bo qun qu bi oan Hng
c tc dng tt trong vic duy tr cht lng ca qu: hn ch s hao ht khi lng t nhin
v s bin i cc cht dinh dng nh hm lng ng tng s, acid hu c tng s,
vitamin C, ca bi trong qu trnh bo qun.
nh gi c hiu qu bo qun ca nng dung dch chitosan trn tri bi
oan Hng thng phm. Vi nng chitosan 1,5% cho hiu qu tt nht, t l hao ht khi
lng t nhin (7,26%) thp hn so vi cc nng khc sau 90 ngy bo qun. ng thi,
cc ch tiu ha sinh ca qu t c s bin i. Vi cc iu kin trn c th bo qun qu bi
trong vng 90 ngy vn cho cht lng tt.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Echeverria, E., Valich, J. (1989). Enzyms of sugar and acid metabolism in stored
Valencia organges. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (USA),
v. 114, p. 445-449.
2. Nguyn Hu ng, Hunh Th Dung, Nguyn Hunh Minh Quyn (2003). Cy n qu c
mi (cam, chanh, qut, bi). Nh Xut bn Ngh An, 107 trang.
3. Padmini Thumula (2006). Studies on Storage Behaviour of Tomatoes Coated with
Chitosan-Lysozyme Films. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 140 p.
4. Sritananan, S., Uthairatanakij, A., Jitareerat, P., Photchanachai, S. and Vongcheeree, S.
(2005). Effects of irradiation and chitosan coating on physiological changes of
mangosteen fruit stored at room temperature. International Symposium New Frontier of
Irradiated food and Non-Food Products 22-23 September 2005, KMUTT, Bangkok,
Thailand, 6 p.
5. V Thy Th, Nguyn Ngc Khanh, Nguyn c Tun, Nguyn Th Thu Chu, Nguyn
Th Phc (2004). Nghin cu phng php bo qun qu hng (Diospyros kaki T.) bng
hp cht hu c khng c v bng bao gi ti HDPE. Tp ch Khoa hc K thut Nng
nghip, i hc Nng nghip I H Ni, s 4, trang 1-7.
6. Nguyn Th Bch Thy, Nguyn Th Thu Nga, Th Thu Thy (2008). nh hng ca
nng chitosan n cht lng v thi gian bo qun chanh. Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht
trin, i hc Nng nghip I H Ni, tp 4, s 1, trang 70-75.
7. Bi M Trang (2009). Nghin cu bo qun mt s qu c mi c sn ca H Ni bng
ch phm to mng b mt. Lun vn Thc s Nng nghip, i hc Nng nghip H Ni.

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 STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF CHITOSAN CONCENTRATIONS ON
QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF DOAN HUNG
PUMMELO (Citrus grandis Osbeck)
Nguyen uc Tuan1, Ha Quang Viet2, Ta Thi Mua2

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate concentration of chitosan for postharvest storage of Doan
Hung pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck). The fruits were first treated with different chitosan concentrations (1
2.5%), then stored in cartons with holes scattering around, under room temperature (200C). The results showed that the
concentration range of chitosan considerably reduced the quality degradation during the storage period. Chitosan
(1.5%) gave the least weight losses, while maintained the highest content of vitamin C. Other biochemical parameters
were slightly different among the chemical concentrations. It can be concluded that Doan Hung pummelo can be
stored up to 90 days under 1.5% chitosan treatment.
Key words: Chitosan, storage, quality, pummelo