LAB REPORT

GROUP MEMBER
YUWARAJA A/L SAMY 08DKM15F2004
INTAN AYU WIRDANI BINTI MOHD AZAM 08dkm15f2018
FATIN NUR AQILAH BINTI MASHAR 08dkm15f2007
Satish a/l sekhar 08dkm15f2040
Jeevanraj a/l parameswaran o8dkm15f2039

COURSE CODE DJJ 3213 Material Science

TITLE Hardness Test (Vickers Hardness Test)

LAB.NO. DJJ DKM/LS/2.2(01)

CLO:

At the end of this experiment, the student should be able to determine material
hardness.

Experiment Outcomes:

The outcomes of this lab are to introduce the student to the topic of the indentation
hardness of metals using the common hardness test and scales. These sets of test on
metals of widely different hardness show:

1. The empirical interrelationship between the various hardness scales.

2. The relationship for a given scale as a function of applied load.
3. The relationship between hardness and tensile properties.

Objectives:

The objective of this experiment is to determine the hardness of a material by using

a hardness tester.

Safety precaution:
a) Make sure the student follows the laboratory or workshop safety regulators.
b) Experiment must be conducted by lecturers or experienced lab assistance.
c) Always know the hazards associated with the materials that are being utilized in the
lab.
d) Always wear appropriate clothing.
e) Never perform an authorized work , preparations or experiments.
f) Be familiar with the location of the emergency equipment

Apparatus:
1. Vickers hardness testing equipment, similar to the model shown.
2. Material Samples, Copper and Steel.

vickers

Theory:
Vickers hardness test conducted by the test surface with diamond-based pyramid eye
square. Vickers hardness can be defined as the value calculated according to the
formula below:
Hv= Load
Surface area, mm2
= P
D2 / (2sin/2)
= 2P sin 680

D2

= 1.8544P

D2

HV = Vickers hardness number

 0 = angle of the pyramid indenter 136

P = load test (kgf)

D = the average of the diagonal (mm)

Note: does not have numerical value Hv units. Example: 150Hv / 30

Vickers hardness test is a test that can give OVERVIEW hardness suitable for soft
material so that the material is harder, ie it is suitable for testing the hardness of the
material has a large range, especially steel very hard. Load consumption by
ordinary materials is as table 1

Material Load (KG)

steel and cast iron 30
copper alloy 10
pure copper, aluminums alloy 5
Pure aluminium 2.5
lead, tin and tin alloys 1

Procedure:
The hardness tests are carried out under the supervision of the lab instructor.
General procedure:
1. The specimen was placed on the vice.
2. The indenter was lowered until it just touches the specimen surface.
3. The appropriate load (F = 10kgf) was set for the indenter for 10 seconds.
4. The indenter was allowed to penetrate the specimen surface.
5. Load was removed and indenter was raised from specimen surface.
6. The appropriate parameter (diameter) of the indentation was measured.
7. The hardness value was computed.
8. The above steps were repeated for 2 times at different locations on the specimen and the average
value was computed.
Result:
Material Load Microscope Reading HV
D1 D2 D=(D1+D2)/ Machine Calculatio
2 n
Copper 20KG 249.8 250.6 250.2 592 5.92 X 10-4
Copper 20KG 248.0 249.4 248.4 599 6.01 X 10-4
Copper 20KG 239.1 240.3 239.7 645 6.46 X 10-4
Average

Material Load Microscope Reading HV

D1 D2 D=(D1+D2)/ Machine Calculatio
2 n
Steel 20KG 283.7 282.5 283.1 463 4.63 x 10-4
steel 20KG 282.0 281.7 281.85 467 4.67 x 10-4
steel 20KG 282.4 287.1 284.75 457 4.57 x 10-4
Average

Discussion

1. Draw a curve shape us can see the position of the measuring

 2. Provide major advantages of Vickers hardness test hardness test compared
with other
The main advantage of the Vickers method consists in employing only one scale, that can range from
the lowest to the highest hardness. For this reason this method is fundamental for researching
laboratories. Any deformation of the indentation may reveal structural characteristics of the test
material. As for the Brinell test, the Vickers method is not sensitive to any deflection of the work
piece. In comparison with the Rockwell and Brinell values, the Vickers hardness number has a proper
meaning, as it represents a specific load on an indentation having always the same shape.

The Vickers method can be used with any and all materials and test specimens, from soft to
hard, as the procedure covers the entire hardness range.

There is only one type of indenter, which can be used for all Vickers methods.

Non-destructive testing is possible, so the test specimen can be used for other purposes.